{"generated":"2026-08-28","attribution":"https://toppercopies.upsckata.com/","stats":{"questions":16947,"copies":1063,"toppers":340,"papers":{"Essay":401,"GS4":6638,"GS1":2416,"GS3":3075,"GS2":4175,"Other":242}},"copies":[{"i":52,"t":"A R Rajah","c":"Forumias","p":"Essay","y":2025,"r":7,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/A-R-RAJAH-MOHAIDEEN-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-7-Sample-MGP-Copy-3.pdf","q":[[3,"1. True leadership lies in serving not ruling.\n2. Democracy is not just the right to vote, it is the right to live in dignity.\n3. Growing regional aspirations and demand for greater autonomy: A challenge to Indian federalism.\n4. The ballot is stronger than the bullet.","",""],[16,"1. The great aim of education is not knowledge but action.\n2. The global south must redefine development through cooperation and justice.\n3. There is no health without mental health.\n4. If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich.","",""]]},{"i":51,"t":"A R Rajah","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":2025,"r":7,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/A-R-RAJAH-MOHAIDEEN-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-7-Sample-MGP-Copy-2.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) 'Unconscious biases in parenting continue to shape gendered experiences in India.' Do you agree with this view? Discuss.","10","150"],[5,"b) Distinguish between empathy and compassion. Why are they considered as foundational values in public services?","10","150"],[7,"Q.2) a) The current society is witnessing rising levels of intolerance. What are the consequences of this situation for personal well-being and for societal well-being? What can one do at the personal level to become tolerant?","10","150"],[9,"b) What are the main components of emotional intelligence and how does it help an individual in taking ethical decisions?","10","150"],[11,"Q.3) Given below are the three quotations of great thinkers. What do each of these quotations convey to you in the present context?\na) \"This life is short, the vanities of the world are transient, but they alone live who live for others, the rest are more dead than alive.\" - Swami Vivekanand (10 marks, 150 words)","10","150"],[13,"b) \"If you cry because the sun has gone out of your life, your tears will prevent you from seeing the stars.\" - Rabindranath Tagore","10","150"],[15,"c) \"Two ways of building character – cultivating strength to challenge oppression, and tolerate the resultant hardships that give rise to courage and awareness.\" - Sardar Patel","10","150"],[17,"Q.4) a) \"With great power comes great responsibility.\" In the present context, 'Big Tech' headquartered in developed countries wield disproportionate influence over digital infrastructure, personal data, and global narratives—often prioritising profit over ethical considerations. What ethical principles should guide such corporations in building a fair, inclusive, and just global digital framework?","10","150"],[19,"b) What do you understand by the term 'crisis of conscience'? Describe an incident from your life where you experienced such a crisis. How did you deal with it?","10","150"],[21,"Q.5) a) \"A politics of confession that encourages politicians and parties to confess and offer regret for their errors can surely be a cathartic experience.\" Examine the statement from the ethical point of view.","10","150"],[23,"b) What are the key objectives of the Right to Information Act, 2005? Examine the ethical concerns associated with certain provisions of the Digital Personal Data Protection Act in realizing the objectives of the RTI Act.","10","150"],[25,"Q.6) a) Public spaces serve as arenas of democratic participation and civic expression. Yet in India, they remain deeply gendered, with many women largely confined to the private and domestic sphere. Examine the factors that restrict women's access to public spaces. How can ethical governance help address the issue of gendered spatial control and promote inclusivity in public spaces?","10","150"],[27,"b) Write short notes on the following in 30 words each:\ni) Ethical fading\nii) Conflict of interest\niii) Persuasion\niv) Work culture\nv) Corporate governance","10 marks, 150","30 words each"],[29,"Q.7) A State Government in the northeastern part of the country has launched a series of anti-encroachment drives across forest areas, wetlands, and revenue lands. Under the directions of the Chief Minister, the administration has intensified efforts to reclaim public land, particularly in areas reserved for ecological protection and critical infrastructure development. Most of the time, these actions have been backed by court orders and have resulted in the recovery of thousands of hectares of land. However, in certain regions, the implementation of such drives is fraught with social and political complexities. In several districts, settlements have existed for decades and are inhabited by marginalized communities with limited access to legal rights or formal rehabilitation measures. These areas are often politically sensitive and influenced by local leaders and pressure groups.\nSimanta is posted as Additional Deputy Commissioner (ADC) in one such district. Over the past year, the district administration has attempted to align eviction measures with welfare outreach, including the provision of temporary shelters, relocation assistance, and public consultations. Recently, a major operation was scheduled to clear encroachments from over 140 hectares of forest land within a Reserved Forest, primarily to curb rising instances of human-elephant conflict and to restore ecological balance. Anticipating eviction, some residents approached the High Court seeking a stay. However, the court refused to grant it and directed the administration to proceed with the eviction following due process. Notices were served, and a detailed roadmap was prepared to carry out the operation, which was expected to last 2-3 days due to the scale and remote location. On the first day, Simanta led a team comprising forest officials, municipal workers, and police personnel. Demolitions were conducted peacefully and without major resistance. However, on the second day, when the team returned to the site, a large group of agitated residents—primarily women and children—had gathered. They raised slogans and formed human chains to prevent further evictions. The atmosphere grew tense when some individuals began throwing stones, resulting in serious injury to a municipal worker. The crowd grew increasingly volatile and emotionally charged, demanding an immediate halt to the operation. The police contingent present on the ground was outnumbered by the crowd. Faced with this crisis, some team members pleaded with Simanta to call off the operation, fearing threats to their life and the possibility of a violent escalation. Simanta attempted to contact his superior officer (the Deputy Commissioner), but due to poor mobile connectivity in the forested area, communication could not be established. Meanwhile, several local journalists had arrived and begun reporting on the incident. Simanta is in a dilemma as to what to do.\na. Evaluate the options available with Simanta to cope with the situation.\nb. Which of the above options would be the most appropriate for Simanta and why?\nc. What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by Simanta?\nd. Examine the qualities of a public servant which will be required to manage such situations.","20","250"],[30,"a. स्थिति से निपटने के लिए सिमंता के पास उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन करें।\nb. सिमंता के लिए सबसे उपयुक्त होगा और क्यों?\nc. सिमंता को किन नैतिक दुविधाओं का सामना करना पड़ रहा है?\nd. ऐसी परिस्थितियों का प्रबंधन करने के लिए एक लोक सेवक के गुणों का परीक्षण करें।\na स्थिति से निपटने के लिए सिमंता के पास उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन करें।\nb सिमंता के लिए सबसे उपयुक्त होगा और क्यों?\nc सिमंता को किन नैतिक दुविधाओं का सामना करना पड़ रहा है?\nd ऐसी परिस्थितियों का प्रबंधन करने के लिए एक लोक सेवक के गुणों का परीक्षण करें।","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[32,"6 Show compassion and empathy towards the women and children.","",""],[34,"Q.8) Megha is a first-year sociology student at a reputed college in the from Tadchiroli, a tribal village in a western Indian state. Megha's fam was seven years old and had not visited their village since. Though M childhood there, she never deeply understood the customs and tradi gha expresses her wish to visit Tadchiroli. Her father agrees and asks uncle, who still lives in the village with his family. Megha informs Rata a semester break. Upon arrival, she receives a warm welcome from R invites her to attend a local festival. During the event, Megha notices Curious, she asks Ratan's wife Ratna why Rinki is not at the festival. R period, and as per tradition, menstruating girls must stay separately i the purpose. Locally known as 'kurma ghars', they are generally locate near a river or pond. She further adds that these girls are not allowed t ipate in any social or religious activities. Megha is taken aback. She as practice. Ratna nods and says it has been the custom for generation huts and miss classes during their periods. Ratna admits that many never questioned the practice. The explanation unsettles Megha. She ural biological function leads to such exclusion. Before returning to th educated family members seem to accept and follow these customs. The experience leaves a deep impact on her. She starts reading mo their impact on women's health, dignity, and education. As a sociolo such traditions are linked to patriarchy and social stigma. She begins her level to improve the current situation, without alienating the com tions.\na. Suggest a course of action Megha can take to sensitize her village co respectful or confrontational.\nb. What ethical principles and methods should guide her actions while\nc. How is menstruation related to human rights?","",""],[38,"a. इस मामले में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दे को स्पष्ट करें।\nb. नितिन के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\nc. नितिन द्वारा पहचाने गए प्रत्येक विकल्प का आलोचनात्मक परीक्षण करें।\nd. नितिन के लिए कौन सा विकल्प अपनाना अधिक उपयुक्त होगा और क्यों?\na इस मामले में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दे को स्पष्ट करें।\nb नितिन के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\nc नितिन द्वारा पहचाने गए प्रत्येक विकल्प का आलोचनात्मक परीक्षण करें।\nd नितिन के लिए कौन सा विकल्प अपनाना अधिक उपयुक्त होगा और क्यों?","20 अंक, 250 शब्द","20 अंक"],[43,"Q.12) You are appointed as an officer heading the Air Quality Compliance Division of the Environment Pollution Control Board in Delhi-NCR. The region is witnessing alarming levels of air pollution, which typically worsen during the winter months due to various meteorological and anthropogenic factors. The situation has led to severe public health concerns, particularly affecting vulnerable groups such as the elderly, children, and those with respiratory illnesses. The Supreme Court has also raised serious concern over the deteriorating air quality in Delhi-NCR and has directed the administration to take immediate and effective measures to control pollution, especially during the winter months. Your jurisdiction has a large number of small and medium-scale industries that were granted environmental clearance over the years. These industries form the backbone of the local economy and provide employment to a significant number of migrant workers. However, recent inspections and air quality monitoring reports indicate that a significant number of these units are operating in violation of prescribed air emission norms. As part of targeted measures to curb air pollution, you issued notices to all identified polluting units, directing them to apply for fresh environmental clearance certificates from the competent authority. However, your decision triggered strong opposition from a section of industrial units, labour unions, and local politicians. Industrial owners argued that such action would lead to production shutdowns, financial losses, and shortages of their products in the market. Labour unions and workers also protested, fearing mass unemployment and livelihood insecurity. Local politicians and vested interests accused you of jeopardising the socio-economic stability of the region. You received representations from various quarters urging you to withdraw the notices and not initiate harsh measures, citing the interests of multiple stakeholders. Additionally, you began receiving anonymous threats, aimed at coercing you into reversing your decision. On the other hand, several of your colleagues supported your stance, encouraging you to act in the larger public interest. Several local NGOs and environmental groups rallied behind your actions, demanding the immediate closure of polluting units.\na. Under the given conditions, what are the options available to you?\nb. Critically evaluate each of the options listed by you.\nc. What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by you?","20","250"],[49,"When must you seek mentorship?","",""]]},{"i":930,"t":"Aaditya Pandey","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1F1ZcXReAolRrfqk_nRIxdDPfYcyzxtgr/view","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) Ethical governance is the foundation of a welfare state. Identify essential ethical traits of a welfare state. Discuss ways and means to promote ethics in governance.","10","150"],[5,"b) While one group considers abortion as unmitigated evil, the other sees it as morally acceptable. Analyse various ethical concerns related to abortion and give your opinion on the issue.","10","150"],[7,"Q.2) a) Conscience keeps ethics from fading when faced with a tough decision. Discuss in context of civil servants.","10","150"],[9,"b) What are the various conflicts of values that civil servants face while performing their duty? How can such conflicts be resolved? Discuss with illustrations.","10","150"],[11,"Q.3) a) Emotional intelligence (EI) not only helps in managing stress but also transforms distress into eustress. Elaborate with relevant examples.","10","150"],[13,"b) Differentiate between the following:\ni. Gratitude and Gratification\nii. Moral myopia vs Moral muteness","10","150"],[15,"Q.4) a) Although attitude and behaviour are interrelated, the former is a predisposition while the latter is an option. Discuss the structure of attitude and explain the relationship between attitude and behaviour.","10","150"],[17,"b) Civil servants should work for a cause and not for applause. In light of this statement, examine why bureaucratic anonymity is considered a foundational value for a civil servant. How far do you agree that the principle of bureaucratic anonymity has been diluted in the age of social media?","10","150"],[19,"Q.5) What does each of the following quotation mean to you?\na) A man can give up a right, but he may not give up a duty without being guilty of a grave dereliction.","10","150"],[21,"b) Justice without force is futile, force without justice is tyrannical.","10","150"],[23,"Q.6) a) Ethics in international relations is a myth, only national interest determines the foreign policy. How far do you agree with this statement? Discuss with suitable illustrations.","10","150"],[25,"b) It is not power, but fear that corrupts. Fear of losing power corrupts those who wield it and fear of the scourge of power corrupts those who are subject to it. Examine the statement in context of political corruption.","10","150"],[27,"c) Education is the kindling of a flame, not the filling of a vessel. What do you understand by this statement? In your opinion, which five values should Indian education system inculcate in every student? Justify your choice.","10","150"],[29,"Q.7) Based on this case study, answer the following:\na) Identify various ethical issues involved in this incident.\nb) In your opinion, whether vaccine mandates are a violation of individual liberty or a reasonable restriction on personal freedom. Justify.\nc) Discuss the ethical responsibility of famous personalities while conducting themselves in public.","20","250"],[30,"इस केस स्टडी के आधार पर, निम्नलिखित के उत्तर दें :\na) इस घटना में शामिल विभिन्न नैतिक मुद्दों की पहचान करें।\nb) आपकी राय में, क्या बैरिसीन अधिनियम व्यक्तिगत स्वतंत्रता का उल्लंघन है या व्यक्तिगत स्वतंत्रता पर उचित प्रतिबंध है। अपनी स्थिति स्पष्ट करें।\nc) सार्वजनिक रूप से स्वयं का संचालन करते समय प्रसिद्ध व्यक्तियों की नैतिक जिम्मेदारी पर चर्चा करें।","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[33,"(c) Ethical Responsibilities of famous personalities while conducting in public\n(a) As a public figure, they should adhere to minimum morality at least\n(b) Lead by an example\n(c) Positive influence to ensure inculcation of values of honesty, truth, and non-violence.\n(d) Observe material propriety to appeal to citizen (In Samuel case, he was seen partying and vacationing).\n(e) Observe law of the land.\n(f) Protest, if at all, legally rather creating public nuisance and order situation.","",""],[34,"Q.8) You are an IFS officer who heads a diplomatic mission in a European country. You live there with your wife and children. Your parents and few of your relatives are also visiting you for vacation. The country is known for its scenic mountains and it is a popular destination for tourists. In an unexpected turn of events, the country in which you are posted has been attacked by its neighbour due to some unresolved bilateral issues. All the major transportation channels have been adversely impacted by the attack. Flights have been cancelled and airspace above the country has been declared unsafe for commercial aircrafts. You have received an urgent communication from New Delhi asking you to prepare a plan for evacuation of Indians from the besieged country. You have been informed that a friendly neighbouring country of India has sought India’s help to evacuate its citizens. Due to war, only a limited number of people can be evacuated in one go and multiple rounds would be required for evacuating everyone. You have identified following groups of people who are to be evacuated:\ni. You, your wife, children, parents and relatives.\nii. Diplomatic staff at the mission.\niii. Indian tourists visiting the country.\niv. Indian students studying in the country.\nv. A film crew and actors who were shooting a film in the country. These include some of the biggest names of Bollywood.\nvi. Citizens of the friendly neighbouring country that has requested India’s help.\n As a civil services officer of the state, what would be the order in which you would evacuate these people and why? Give Justifications.","20","250"],[39,"Q.9) Rashmi is a young IPS officer who is posted as the SP law and order in a district that has a history of communal clashes. During a cultural event, a political leader made certain controversial comments regarding the religion of another community that can potentially harm communal harmony in the district. The representatives of the aggrieved community met Rashmi with their complaint. An FIR was registered in the matter and the police department promptly started an investigation. During questioning, the accused political leader denied the charges. He claimed that he was exercising his right to freedom of expression and had no intention of hurting anyone's feelings. He even offered to tender an apology if his statement had hurt someone's religious feelings. However, the aggrieved community was not satisfied with this apology and demanded strict action against the accused.\nThe next day, a video went viral on social media in which the accused political leader can be seen making derogatory statements against another religious faith. However, Rashmi suspects that the video going viral on the internet is a doctored video and someone has mischievously edited it to make it more vitriolic and inflammatory. The video has ignited communal tensions in the district. The accused political leader belongs to an influential community and his community has put their support behind him. Local intelligence has warned that some anti-social elements are trying to use this opportunity to create communal riot in the district. The entire matter has been politicized and is being covered by the national media. In this situation answer the following:\na) What differentiates a hate speech from a free speech?\nb) Why does social media have a very strong influence over the actions and thoughts of its users?\nc) What is the most suitable course of action for Rashmi in this situation? Justify.","20","250"],[43,"(c) The most suitable course of action for Rashmi\n(1) Institution of an investigation team to look into probity of video.\n(2) Appeal to masses to maintain law and order.\n(3) Mediate between two communities to ensure peace.\n(4) Hard-handed tackle of anti-social elements.\n(5) Use of Cyber-Forensic to counter challenges of social media menace.\n(6) Arrange extra force in case of riot and communal clashes.","",""],[44,"Q.10 The state government has appointed a committee to investigate the matter and recommend suitable actions. You are the Chairperson of this committee. In this scenario, answer the following:\na) Why do doctors face violence in the country?\nb) Identify various moral-ethical and administrative lapses in this case.\nc) What would you recommend in this case? Give rationale behind giving those recommendations.","20","250"],[45,"a) देश में लॉकेटरो को हिंसा का सामना क्यों करना पड़ता है?\nb) इस मामले में विभिन्न नैतिक-नीति विषयक और प्रशासनिक खामियों की पहचान करें।\nc) इस मामले में आप क्या सुझाव देंगे? उन सिफारिशों को देने के पीछे तर्क दीजिए।\na) देश में लॉकेटरो को हिंसा का सामना क्यों करना पड़ता है?\nb) इस मामले में विभिन्न नैतिक-नीति विषयक और प्रशासनिक खामियों की पहचान करें।\nc) इस मामले में आप क्या सुझाव देंगे? उन सिफारिशों को देने के पीछे तर्क दीजिए।","20 अंक, 250 शब्द","20 अंक"],[49,"Q.11 On the basis of above case study, answer the following:\na) Identify various ethical dilemmas involved in this case study.\nb) What can be the other options to achieve justice in the given case, apart from demolition of the illegal towers? Evaluate each of these options and suggest the most suitable option.","20","250"],[53,"3. Illegal towers can be used for school and medical facilities by the community","",""],[54,"Q.12) Lithium is emerging as the new gold in the modern world. It is used extensively in making rechargeable batteries that are used across phones, laptops, electric vehicles etc. As the world is transitioning towards clean energy, demand for lithium is rising exponentially. India is dependent on imports for her lithium needs. Recently, a large lithium deposit has been found during a geological survey in Central India. According to initial estimates, the reserve is large enough to not only fulfill domestic requirements but also leave enough surplus for India to export lithium to other countries. The news of this discovery is covered by national media. This reserve can provide much needed impetus to adoption and development of green energy technologies in the country. Many prominent union ministers have expressed their desire for timely development of lithium mines and claimed that this discovery to be an outcome of their far-sighted governance and development model.\n\nAmit is a senior government official who has been appointed as project development officer for this mining project. During initial assessment of the project, Amit found that the discovered reserve lies inside a forest inhabited by tribals. This is a pristine forest, hitherto untouched by humans, other than indigenous tribal communities. This forest hosts a wide variety of flora and fauna, many of which are endemic. Further, the lithium reserve lies at the foothill of a hillock. This hillock has a small shrine where the deity worshipped by the tribals is located. Lithium mining in this area would mean destruction of forest, blasting of the mountain where shrine of the tribal deity is located and displacement of tribals. The tribal population is against this mining project. They consider this project as an assault on their way of life and culture. Intelligence report suggests that if these tribals are forcefully displaced and their shrine destroyed, they can become easy targets for the Naxal indoctrination and create a security nightmare for the state. On the other hand, Amit is facing political pressure for execution of this project and has been repeatedly reminded that not only this project is of national importance but also can be a stepping stone for his career.\n\nAmit is your colleague and a close friend. He asks you for your advice in this matter. Based on the described situation, help Amit identify various ethical dilemmas in this case. In your opinion, what is the most suitable course of action for Amit? Justify your choice.","20","250"]]},{"i":53,"t":"Aakash Om Trivedi","c":"Vision","p":"Essay","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/3548e-1142925_4514_aakash_om_trivedi_rank_73.pdf","q":[[5,"Write two essays, choosing one topic from each of the Sections A and B, in about 1000-1200 words each :\n1. You may have to fight a battle more than once to win it.\n2. In matters of conscience, the law of the majority has no place.\n3. He who opens a school door, closes a prison.\n4. Only in the depths of winter can we truly appreciate the warmth of spring.\n5. We cannot always build the future for our youth, but we can build our youth for the future.\n6. Copying is safe; innovation demands courage.\n7. The more we automate, the more human we must become.\n8. The pursuit of instant validation is creating a generation of restless minds.","125 x 2 = 250","1000-1200 words each"]]},{"i":54,"t":"Aakash Om Trivedi","c":"Visionias","p":"GS1","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/812a2-1142925_4510_aakash_om_trivedi_rank_73.pdf","q":[[6,"1. Folk music serves as a repository of the cultural identity. Discuss the role of folk music in preserving cultural heritage and promoting social cohesion.","10","150"],[8,"2. How does the Vesara style of temple architecture represent a synthesis of the Nagara and Dravida styles? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[10,"3. Discuss the role played by Indians living abroad in advancing the cause of India's freedom struggle. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[12,"4. How did the Marshall Plan influence the economic recovery and political stability of post-war Europe? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[14,"5. Discuss the factors responsible for increased cyclonic activity in the Arabian Sea. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"6. How can technological interventions help in transforming the textile sector in India? What are the initiatives that the government has taken in this regard?","10","150"],[18,"7. What is a seiche and how does it form? Discuss the geographical conditions under which seiches are most likely to occur. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[20,"8. How has rapid urbanisation affected the socio-cultural landscape of peri-urban regions in India?","10","Answer in 150"],[22,"9. Examine the role of historical and socio-political factors in driving communalism in Indian politics.","10","150"],[24,"10. Globalization has significantly influenced the aspirations, lifestyle, and value systems of Indian youth. Discuss with suitable examples. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[26,"11. Examine how Chandragupta-II's reign symbolised a golden age of cultural development, laying the foundation for future advancements in Indian art and literature. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[29,"12. Evaluate the intended and unintended consequences of British educational policies for the Indian society in the colonial period. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[32,"13. India's territorial disputes after independence were not merely about borders, but also encompass issues of national identity, historical grievances, and geopolitical strategies. Discuss. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[35,"14. Discuss the geographical conditions responsible for the development of shola forests in the upper reaches of the Western Ghats. Highlight their ecological significance. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[38,"15. Discuss the potential of natural hydrogen as a fuel to meet growing global energy demands? Why is it still an untapped industry? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[41,"16. Why is there a shift of labour-intensive industries from China to South and Southeast Asia? Discuss the advantages and challenges for India in this context. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[44,"17. Explain the socio-economic transformations resulting from women's migration to metropolitan areas in India. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[47,"18. The institution of marriage in India is increasingly becoming a site of conspicuous consumption and commodification. Critically examine the impact of this commercialisation on social equity and gender relations.","15","250"],[50,"19. Analyse how recognizing, reducing, and redistributing care work can foster gender equality and promote inclusive development in India. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[53,"20. Discuss the changing nature of family structures in urban India. How is it impacting elderly care and socialization of the youth? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"]]},{"i":55,"t":"Aakash Om Trivedi","c":"Vision","p":"GS3","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/0eee2-1142925_4512_aakash_om_trivedi_rank_73.pdf","q":[[6,"1. Analyse the factors that have contributed to India's inclusive economic growth in the past decade.","10","150"],[8,"2. The Reserve Bank of India's surplus transfers offer the government much-needed fiscal space, yet they are not without challenges. Critically examine the implications of the RBI's surplus transfers to the government.","10","Answer in 150"],[10,"3. To what extent was the first National Monetization Pipeline (NMP) able to meet its objectives? What are the objectives of the new Asset Monetization Plan 2025-30 as announced in the recent 2025 Budget? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[12,"4. Examine the major challenges hindering the Indian textile industry from achieving its full potential in the global value chain. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[14,"5. Why has India become increasingly import-dependent for edible oils despite being a major agricultural economy? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"6. Air accidents are low-frequency but high-impact events. Examine the disaster management protocols in place for aviation-related emergencies in India. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[18,"7. Chemical pollution poses a grave threat to human health and the environment in India. Discuss the key sources contributing to pervasive chemical contamination and evaluate the effectiveness of existing environmental laws in curbing this problem. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[20,"8. Missile defence systems are becoming critical for national security in the face of evolving regional threats and advanced weapon technologies. Explain the working principle of missile defence systems. Critically assess India's progress in developing indigenous missile defence capabilities.","10","150"],[22,"9. Despite multiple resolutions and initiatives undertaken by the United Nations Security Council (UNSC), its efforts to counter terrorism have achieved limited success. Discuss the reasons for this limited effectiveness.","10","150"],[24,"10. India practices a ‘multi-alignment’ approach in its cyber diplomacy. How does this posture strengthen India’s internal security while maintaining strategic autonomy? (Answer in 150 words)","","150"],[26,"11. While examining the shortcomings of the land reforms in the past, elaborate what land reforms 2.0 should look like.","15","Answer in 250"],[29,"2. As NITI Aayog completes 10 years of its establishment, critically examine its role in the planning and development paradigm of governance in India. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[32,"13. What are the primary causes of limited formal credit penetration among the rural and unbanked populations in India? Comment on the effectiveness of Small Finance Banks in addressing this gap and advancing inclusive financial growth.","","250"],[35,"1. To what extent has the Production Linked Incentive Scheme for the food processing industry facilitated value addition, employment generation, and global competitiveness in India's food processing industry? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[38,"15. Waste circularity is emerging as a sustainable solution to India's mounting solid waste crisis. Discuss the key principles of waste circularity and the government's initiative in this regard. How effective have these measures been in fostering a circular economy? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[41,"Discuss the importance of integrating traditional ecological knowledge of India's tribal communities with modern disaster management frameworks. Mention two examples where indigenous practices have contributed to disaster resilience. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[44,"17. CRISPR technology has rapidly advanced in recent years, with new tools and clinical breakthroughs. Highlight the recent developments in CRISPR-based gene editing technology applications. Discuss the opportunities and ethical challenges these advancements present for healthcare and society.","15","Answer in 250"],[47,"A credible semiconductor ecosystem is pivotal for India's economic security as much as for national security. Analyse the strategic objectives, incentives, and institutional architecture of the India Semiconductor Mission (ISM). Identify the major risks that could derail its timelines.","15","250"],[50,"19. Intricate inter-play of diverse factors has been the force multipliers for extremism in the North East. Discuss. Suggest a multilayered strategy to tackle the menace of extremism in this region.","15","250"],[53,"Despite recent steps towards inducting women into combat roles, their participation remains low. Examine the key challenges impeding the greater inclusion of women in the Indian armed forces. Also, suggest suitable measures to enhance their participation.","15","250"]]},{"i":57,"t":"Aakash Trivedi","c":"Vision","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/82b2e-1142925_2929_aakash_om_trivedi_rank_73.pdf","q":[[6,"1. Expression of dissent is central to the functioning of the Parliament. In light of this, discuss the role of the Leader of Opposition (LoP) in India's parliamentary system. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[8,"2. How can the integration of technology into judicial processes enhance accessibility, capability, and efficiency in justice delivery? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[10,"3. The Supreme Court of India has upheld unique asymmetry in India's federalism by intricately balancing centralized authority and regional autonomy. Discuss with the help of relevant case laws. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[12,"4. Evaluate the effectiveness of the National Commission for Scheduled Castes in safeguarding the interests of the Scheduled Castes in India. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[14,"5. Executive accountability to the legislature through Parliamentary Committees has been the hallmark of the Indian political system. Comment. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"6. How can India make Citizens' Charter a powerful tool for improving governance and empowering citizens? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[18,"7. How do corporate donors aid NGOs in facilitating holistic development in India? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[20,"8. Despite its merits, should the POCSO Act be revisited to correct the existing inadequacies? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[22,"9. China's acquisition of strategic ports globally has significant implications for international trade routes and economic relations. Discuss. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[24,"10. What are the main functions of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)? How will its recent treaty on intellectual property, genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge benefit India? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[26,"11. While the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) plays a crucial role in combating corruption, its functioning is often criticized for being partisan and acting against the federal spirit. Discuss with the help of suitable examples.","15","250"],[29,"12. Governors in India often overstep their constitutional role and fail to act effectively when needed. Comment. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[32,"13. Both India and the USA adhere to democratic principles but their electoral systems exhibit significant differences. What are the key differences in electoral practices between the two countries? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[35,"14. How far do you agree with the view that the National Green Tribunal (NGT) has met its objective of ensuring environmental justice in India?","15","Answer in 250"],[38,"15. Though Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) have become a platform for competitive politics, they have not emerged as an agency of planning and service delivery. Why? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[41,"16. What do you understand by interoperability in e-governance? What steps have been taken by the government to ensure interoperability and integration of various e-governance systems? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[44,"17. When it comes to sexual and reproductive health of women in India, rights-based discourse has largely been bypassed not just by the societal norms but also by the legal norms. Discuss.","15","250"],[47,"18. How effective has India been in enhancing immunization coverage over the years? What challenges continue to affect immunization efforts in the country? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[50,"19. India used its Presidency of the G20 to bring the voice of the Global South to the centre stage. Discuss with special reference to Africa.","15","250"],[53,"0. India's relationship with the UAE has witnessed a remarkable expansion across various domains in the last decade. Discuss.","15","250"]]},{"i":56,"t":"Aakash Trivedi","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/145c9-1142925_4513_aakash_om_trivedi_rank_73.pdf","q":[[6,"1. (a) Compassion is the courageous choice to feel another's suffering as one's own, and to act upon it, even when silence is safer and indifference is easier. Examine the significance of compassion as an essential ethical value for civil servants in India. Illustrate your answer with suitable examples.","10","150"],[8,"1. (b) Marriages in India are transitioning from traditional sacramental unions to more autonomous relationships, reflected in live-in relationships and rising divorce rates. Discuss the ethical dimensions of these changes. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[10,"2. (a) While accountability often necessitates documentation, an overemphasis on bureaucratic procedures and excessive paperwork can inadvertently silence the very voices that public policy intends to empower, particularly at the grassroots. Examine the above statement with suitable illustrations.","10","150"],[12,"2. (b) The principle of impartiality may conflict with the need for compassion towards marginalized communities. Discuss in the context of civil services in India.","10","150"],[14,"3 (a) What do each of the following quotations mean to you?\n(a) \"The strength of a nation derives from the integrity of the home.\" - Confucius (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"3. (b) \"Act only according to that maxim through which you can at the same time will that it become a universal law.\" - Immanuel Kant (Answer in 150 words)","","150"],[18,"3. (c) “We are not only responsible for what we do, but also for what we fail to do” - Molière. (Answer in 150 words)","","150"],[20,"4. (a) Patriotism encourages ethical questioning, while nationalism often suppresses it. Discuss this statement in light of the formation of political attitudes during high-pressure national events. How can individuals develop moral attitudes that balance national interest with ethical reasoning? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[22,"4. (b) Discuss how employee well-being and fairness can be balanced with efficiency and profitability in private organisations.","10","150"],[24,"5. (a) Do you agree that excessive use of social media and emerging AI technologies may lead to a decline in emotional regulation and moral sensitivity among adolescents? Justify your answer.","10","150"],[26,"5. (b) In light of the increasing incidents of suicides among students in India, discuss how Emotional Intelligence (EI) can aid in managing stress and emotional challenges.","10","150"],[28,"6. (a) In public service, emotional intelligence is not about suppressing emotion, but mastering its purpose — to connect, to de-escalate, and to uplift others with empathy and strength. Do you agree with this view? Discuss.","10","150"],[30,"6. (b) An efficient work culture is built not only on rules, but on shared values. In this context, evaluate the role of leadership and team dynamics in transforming work culture within an organization.","10","150"],[32,"7 You are posted as the Joint Secretary in the Department of Information Technology of a state. The government recently implemented several citizen-centric digital services, collecting large volumes of personal data from residents. The Digital Personal Data Protection (DPDP) Act, 2023, requires that such data be processed only with explicit and informed consent, and mandates that processing must cease immediately upon withdrawal of consent.\n\nDuring an internal audit, you discover that the department continues to process and analyze personal data of several citizens even after they have formally withdrawn their consent. This data is being used for policy analytics and service improvement, purposes not explicitly disclosed at the time of data collection. When you bring this to the attention of your department head, you are informed that halting the processing will disrupt ongoing digital initiatives and may affect state-level performance metrics. Moreover, you find that the consent withdrawal process is cumbersome, and many citizens are unaware of their rights under the DPDP Act.\n\nYou also learn that a prominent social activist is planning to file a complaint with the Data Protection Board against involuntary use of personal data, which could attract public scrutiny and legal action against the department.\n(a) Identify and discuss the ethical issues involved in this case.\n(b) What are the potential consequences for the department if the issue is not addressed transparently?\n(c) How would you balance the need for efficient public service delivery with the obligation to protect citizens’ data rights? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[37,"8 (a) इस प्रकरण में शामिल प्रमुख नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं? हितधारकों और उनके परस्पर विरोधी हितों की पहचान कीजिए।\n(b) लोक निर्माण विभाग के सचिव के रूप में, आप उपयुक्त स्थिति में क्या कार्रवाई करेंगे?\n(c) ऐसी घटनाएं सिविल सेवकों के मनोबल और शासन में जनता के विश्वास को कैसे प्रभावित करती हैं? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)\na) इस प्रकरण में शामिल प्रमुख नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं? हितधारकों और उनके परस्पर विरोधी हितों की पहचान कीजिए।\nb) लोक निर्माण विभाग के सचिव के रूप में, आप उपयुक्त स्थिति में क्या कार्रवाई करेंगे?\nc) ऐसी घटनाएं सिविल सेवकों के मनोबल और शासन में जनता के विश्वास को कैसे प्रभावित करती हैं? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250 शब्दों में"],[38,"(a) What are the key ethical issues involved in this situation? Identify the stakeholders and their conflicting interests.\n(b) As the Secretary of the PWD, what actions will you take in above situation?\n(c) How do such incidents affect the morale of civil servants and public trust in governance? (Answer in 250 words)\na) What are the key ethical issues involved in this situation? Identify the stakeholders and their conflicting interests.\nb) As the Secretary of the PWD, what actions will you take in above situation?\nc) How do such incidents affect the morale of civil servants and public trust in governance? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[42,"9 You are the Secretary in the Department of Personnel and Training (DoPT), Government of India. In recent years, an increasing number of civil servants, particularly younger officers from the IAS, IPS, and IRS, have begun maintaining personal YouTube channels and social media pages. On these platforms, they regularly post videos related to their official work — showcasing innovative projects, public outreach initiatives, inspection drives, and sometimes even day-to-day administrative duties.\n\nThese videos often receive widespread public attention, and many viewers express admiration, saying such content enhances transparency, motivates aspirants, and humanizes the bureaucracy. However, concerns have also emerged from various quarters. Senior officers argue that such content may blur the boundaries between personal branding and public service, while some citizens and media commentators point to instances where videos feature vulnerable beneficiaries without consent, raise concerns about misuse of official premises, or seem designed more for personal popularity than public accountability.\n\nYou have been asked to prepare a report, including recommendations, to maintain a balance between public interest, institutional integrity, and evolving modes of communication.\n(a) लोक सेवकों द्वारा अपने आधिकारिक कार्यों को सोशल मीडिया पर सार्वजनिक रूप से प्रदर्शित करने के कृत्यों में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों की पहचान कीजिए।\n(b) क्या ऐसी प्रस्तुतियां जागरूकता और प्रेरणा को प्रोत्साहित करती हैं या क्या ये अनामिता, तटस्थता और सामूहिक सेवा भावना के मूल्यों से समझौता करती हैं? अपना मत दीजिए।\n(c) सचिव के रूप में, लोक सेवकों की उत्तरदायिता डिजिटल सहभागिता सुनिश्चित करने के लिए आप कौन-से मार्गदर्शक सिद्धांत और नीतिगत अनुशंसाएं सुझाएंगे? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250"],[43,"You have been asked to prepare a report with recommendations to balance public interest, institutional integrity, and evolving modes of communication.\n(a) Identify the ethical issues involved in civil servants publicly showcasing their official work on social media.\n(b) Do such practices promote awareness and motivation, or do they compromise the values of anonymity, neutrality, and collective service ethos? Give your opinion.\n(c) As the Secretary, what guiding principles and policy recommendations would you suggest to ensure responsible digital engagement by civil servants? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[47,"(a), (b), (c) You are the Director of the National Bioethics Commission who is responsible for assessing the ethical feasibility and oversight of a nationwide gene sequencing program. The project named GeneFuture, aims to sequence the DNA of every newborn child and store it in a centralized national database. The objective is to identify genetic predispositions to serious diseases early in life, allowing for preventive treatment and personalized medicine. Over 100,000 babies have already been enrolled in the pilot phase of the program. The government claims that this move is a landmark step in public health advancement.\n\nHowever, collection of newborn genetic data raises significant ethical concerns, particularly around informed consent, which may not fully capture parents' understanding of the long-term risks involved. Once gathered, this sensitive data could be misused for purposes such as surveillance, insurance discrimination, or commercial marketing by third parties. Uncertainty over data ownership—whether it lies with the state, parents, or the individual as they mature—further complicates the issue. The involvement of private tech and pharmaceutical companies heightens fears of commercial exploitation, especially in the absence of clear mechanisms for individuals to withdraw consent or delete their genetic information upon reaching adulthood.\n(a) What are the ethical issues you perceive in the implementation of the GeneFuture program?\n(b) Identify the conflicting interests of different stakeholders in this case.\n(c) What guiding ethical principles would you recommend for implementation of this project? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[52,"11 (a) उपयुक्त प्रकरण में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\n(b) इस विरोध को शांत करने के लिए आपके पास तत्काल क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\n(c) अंधविश्वास के व्यापक प्रभाव को दूर करने और संधारणीय लोक स्वास्थ्य परिणामों हेतु वैज्ञानिक सोच को बढ़ावा देने के लिए आप कौन-सी दीर्घकालिक रणनीतियाँ और प्रणालीगत सुधारों का सुझाव देंगे? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)\na) उपयुक्त प्रकरण में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\nb) इस विरोध को शांत करने के लिए आपके पास तत्काल क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\nc) अंधविश्वास के व्यापक प्रभाव को दूर करने और संधारणीय लोक स्वास्थ्य परिणामों हेतु वैज्ञानिक सोच को बढ़ावा देने के लिए आप कौन-सी दीर्घकालिक रणनीतियाँ और प्रणालीगत सुधारों का सुझाव देंगे? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250 शब्दों में"],[53,"(a) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the above case.\n(b) What are the immediate options available to you to overcome this resistance?\n(c) What long-term strategies and systemic reforms would you suggest to address the pervasive influence of superstition and foster a scientific temperament for sustainable public health outcomes? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[57,"2 (a) आपके समक्ष विद्यमान संभावित प्रशासनिक और नैतिक दुविधाएं क्या हैं?\n(b) आपके लिए उपलब्ध सभी विकल्पों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\n(c) आप अपने निर्णय का नैतिक औचित्य सिद्ध करते हुए कौन-सी व्यापक कार्यवाही करेंगे? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)\na) आपके समक्ष विद्यमान संभावित प्रशासनिक और नैतिक दुविधाएं क्या हैं?\nb) आपके लिए उपलब्ध सभी विकल्पों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\nc) आप अपने निर्णय का नैतिक औचित्य सिद्ध करते हुए कौन-सी व्यापक कार्यवाही करेंगे? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250 शब्दों में"],[58,"(a) What are the potential administrative and ethical dilemmas you face? (b) Discuss all options available to you. (c) What comprehensive course of action would you choose to adopt, providing ethical justification for your decision? (Answer in 250 words)\na) What are the potential administrative and ethical dilemmas you face?\nb) Discuss all options available to you.\nc) What comprehensive course of action would you choose to adopt, providing ethical justification for your decision?","","250"]]},{"i":58,"t":"Aakriti Singla","c":"Forumias","p":"GS1","y":2025,"r":122,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/AAKRITI-SINGLAUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-122-Sample-GSAP-Copy-2.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) Temple of free standing nature started emerging during Gupta period which later got a regional specifications in the form of Nagara, Dravida & Vesara.","",""],[9,"Q.4 Rock-cut architecture started in Mauryan period in the form of caves, temples, vihara & chaitya, pillars etc which forms an important source of knowledge","",""],[13,"Q.6 Medieval Indian temples are profusely covered with sculptures as seen in chola temples, khandela temples etc. SOCIAL LIFE DEPICTED BY THESE SCULPTURES","",""]]},{"i":59,"t":"Aakriti Singla","c":"Forumias","p":"GS1","y":2025,"r":122,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/AAKRITI-SINGLAUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-122-Sample-GSAP-Copy-3.pdf","q":[[17,"Q.7) Reasons for classical dance forms rooted in Vaishnav sect","",""]]},{"i":60,"t":"Aayushi Bansal","c":"Vision","p":"Essay","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/06d03-1195934_2122_aayushi_bansal_rank_07.pdf","q":[[4,"THE WAY WE SEE THE WORLD SHAPES THE WAY WE TREAT IT","",""],[18,"7) NO MAN'S KNOWLEDGE CAN GO BEYOND HIS EXPERIENCE","",""],[20,"Why is our knowledge limited to our experiences?","",""],[21,"What is the impact of this knowledge generated via experience?","",""],[25,"What is the impact of this expanded knowledge?","",""]]},{"i":62,"t":"Aayushi Bansal","c":"Vision","p":"Essay","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/7fd51-1195934_2123_aayushi_bansal_rank_07.pdf","q":[[8,"How does this gentle approach manifest itself in different fields?","",""],[10,"When gentleness can guarantee us peace, happiness and victory, are there any situations which require an iron fist?","",""],[20,"Having seen how our abilities are never enough for newer set of demands and challenges, are there any positive implications of it?","",""],[26,"How can we best improve our abilities to keep pace and move hand in hand with the demands?","",""]]},{"i":63,"t":"Aayushi Bansal","c":"Forumias","p":"GS1","y":2024,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Aayushi-Bansal-UPSC-2024-Rank-7-MGP-Sample-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) In many ways, the Spanish civil war was the opening act of WWII. Comment.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) How will you explain the different fates of Buddhism and Jainism despite a slew of similarities in the two religions?","10","150"],[7,"Q.3 Non-Cooperation Movement democratized India's freedom struggle but suffered from inherent limitations. Discuss.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4 Critically analyse the efficacy of linguistic reorganization of states in addressing the reasons for linguistic divides in post-independent India.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5 Briefly discuss the role of plate tectonics theory in explaining the location of volcanoes. Also, explain the multifarious impacts of volcanoes on the surrounding regions.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6 Taking further the success of Aspirational Districts Programme, Aspirational Blocks can help achieve the twin objectives of balanced growth and checking stress migration. Comment.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7 Describe the critical factors for location of defense industries and suggest measures to overcome the challenges.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) To what extent can Socio-Economic-Caste Census (SECC) address the challenges in achieving equitable resource allocation and targeted welfare?","10","150"],[19,"Q.9) Indian society is premised on some common values that give it a composite texture as well as some diverse practices that deepen its heterogeneity. Elucidate.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10) What are the factors that influence population growth in the country? In this perspective, examine the relevance and need of raising the minimum marriageable age of women for population development.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11 Bring out the reasons behind the tribal unrest in British India. Also, analyze the reasons for their limited success.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12) The independence of India was not a result of a forced expulsion of the Empire, as desired by the Quit India Movement; it was rather a confluence of domestic politics and global circumstances. Analyze.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 Explain why Sufism, a liberal reform movement in Islam could deepen its roots in the Indian sub-continent, despite Islam being a foreign religion? Also, bring out the impacts of Sufism on Indian society.","15","250"],[31,"3 Art & culture -> Sufi form of singing, impact on dance forms.","",""],[32,"Q.14) Enumerate the reasons behind rising intensity and frequency of cyclones in the Arabian Sea in recent years. Giving special reference to NDMA guidelines, recommend measures to check the adverse impacts of cyclones.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 Examine the impacts of climate change on the hydrological cycle and suggest suitable mitigation and adaptation strategies to contain the harmful implications.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16) Defining continental shelf, highlight its resource potential and ecological significance.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 Rooted in patriarchal values, gender-based violence, in all its manifestations, is antithetical to societal growth. Explain.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 The caste calculus in the Indian society remains predominant and continues to project its shadow on social, political, and economic domains. Do you agree? Substantiate your answer.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 Discuss various factors contributing to the water woes faced by Indian cities. Also, explain complexities in implementing a comprehensive water management plan.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 Though important elements of group identity, religion and region also run the risk of deepening communal cleavages. Comment.","15","250"]]},{"i":61,"t":"Aayushi Bansal","c":"Vision","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/625e2-1195934_2212_aayushi_bansal_rank_07.pdf","q":[[3,"1. What do you understand by 'constitutionalism'? Highlight various ways in which the Indian Constitution underscores this principle.","10","150"],[5,"2. The Competition Commission of India (CCI) effectively reflects a shift from the era of Licence Raj to a conducive regulatory ambience for enhancing consumer welfare by encouraging competition in the market. Discuss.","10","150"],[7,"3. Mention various initiatives taken for online delivery of judicial services in India. Also, discuss the challenges faced in their implementation.","10","150"],[9,"4. Bring out the similarities and differences in the Bill of Rights in the Constitution of the United States and Fundamental Rights in the Constitution of India.","10","150"],[11,"5. It is often argued that the implementation of The Forest Rights Act (FRA), 2006 has so far been tardy and ineffectual. Discuss.","10","150"],[13,"6. Explain the rationale behind the creation of a Social Stock Exchange in India. Do you think this move would boost social impact investing in the country?","10","150"],[15,"7. The National Digital Health Mission (NDHM) has the potential to bring a new revolution in India's health sector in multiple ways. Explain.","10","150"],[17,"8. While participation of private sector in the higher education system of India is a necessity, it creates issues that need careful redressal. Discuss.","10","150"],[19,"9. Highlighting the significance of Central Asia for India, discuss the challenges in strengthening the Indo-Central Asian relationship.","10","150"],[21,"10. Discuss the role that the Indian diaspora can play in the making of \"Aatmanirbhar Bharat\" (self-reliant India). Also, mention the challenges in this regard.","10","150"],[23,"11. A critical appraisal of the outcomes of the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act underlines the need for second-generation reforms to strengthen decentralisation of urban local governance in India. Discuss.","15","250"],[26,"12. It is argued that unchecked and rampant exercise of the power to insert laws in the Ninth Schedule results in undermining of Constitutional supremacy and creation of Parliamentary hegemony. Do you agree? Justify your stand with logical arguments.","15","250"],[29,"13. Asymmetry is an important characteristic of federalism in India, which has helped in the accommodation of diverse demands inherent in our democracy. Discuss.","15","250"],[32,"14. In India, the Finance Commissions are established pursuant to the constitutional mandate. In this context, do you think the State Finance Commissions have been effective in promoting fiscal federalism? Substantiate with arguments.","15","250"],[35,"15. Reduction in the overall size of the bureaucracy has been seen as the underlying idea behind civil services reforms. Is it a good idea to reduce the size of the Indian bureaucracy? Examine in light of the experience of India.","15","250"],[38,"16. There is a need to ensure better ethical standards, accountability and management of temples in India. Discuss in the context of issues associated with state intervention in management of temples.","15","250"],[41,"17. What do you understand by feminisation of old age? Highlight the issues associated with it in the Indian context. Also, mention the measures taken by the government in this regard.","15","250"],[44,"18. Given its impact on both individual resilience and the resilience of the economy, is there a case for strong universal social protection in India? Discuss.","15","250"],[47,"19. There have been arguments that with the old global multilateral order failing to manage rising challenges, issue-based coalitions are gaining traction and have become the arenas of functional cooperation. Discuss.","15","250"],[50,"20. India intends to achieve a balanced and optimal development of energy infrastructure in the South-Asian region through mutual understanding and cooperation. In light of this statement, discuss the need as well as existing gaps in South Asia's energy cooperation.","15","250"]]},{"i":64,"t":"Abhi Jain","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":2024,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/ABHI-JAIN-UPSC-2024-Rank-34-MGP-Sample-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[2,"Q.1) a) Ethics in private life may reflect personal beliefs; in public life, they must uphold legal and societal norms. Discuss the contrasting ways in which ethical principles operate in private & public relationships.","",""],[4,"1) b) Despite legal provisions, instances of sexual violence against women continue to rise. How can a \"change in attitude\" address this issue?","",""],[6,"2) a) Do you agree with the utilitarian principle that 'the greatest happiness of the greatest no.' should guide decision-making and public policy formulation?","",""],[10,"Q-3) a) Importance of Experience ?","",""],[22,"b) The essence of business is profit, but it must be achieved through responsible & sustainable practices. Elaborate.","",""],[24,"6) a) What are the ethical concerns associated with AI? How can ethics help in resolving them?","",""],[25,"How can ethics help?","",""],[26,"b) While some argue that values are influenced by temporal and situational factors, others uphold the belief in timeless & universal human values. What is your opinion in this regard?","",""],[34,"a) Reasons for increasing cyber-bullying incidents:","",""],[40,"5) Ethics in Corporate Governance - as remedy","",""],[43,"My Question What is development, if people suffer?","",""]]},{"i":67,"t":"Abhijit Asokan","c":"Forumias","p":"GS1","y":2025,"r":234,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/ABHIJIT-ASOKANUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-234-Sample-MGP-Copy-3.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) The Hoysala period saw the development of a distinctive style of temple architecture renowned for its intricacy and artistic brilliance. Elaborate.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) British colonial rule had a profound impact on Indian agriculture, fundamentally altering the traditional agrarian economy which led to severe peasant resistance. Discuss.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3 The history of India's independence would remain incomplete without acknowledging the significant contributions from the Northeast region. Substantiate.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4 The diversity of landforms across the Earth's surface reflects the unique signatures left by different geomorphic agents. In this context, describe the various erosional and depositional landforms created by glacial action.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) Explain the factors contributing to the variability of the Indian monsoon. Also, discuss its multi-dimensional impact.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) Describing the distribution of palm oil producing countries, throw light on the major environmental issues faced by them.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7 At the time of her independence, India was beset with multiple challenges. Enumerating those challenges, analyze how far India has been able to address them.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8 What do you understand by the Meiji restoration? Discuss its impact on Japan and the world.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9 Discuss the reasons for the rise in prevalence of substance abuse in India. Also, examine its impact on family and society.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10) Do you think that a Uniform Civil Code (UCC) is essential in a multi-cultural and diverse country like India? Justify your answer.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11 Discuss how the Bhakti movement, along with questioning the established social order, also made substantial contributions to the development of devotional literature.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12 The Marathas posed a formidable challenge to British expansion but could not consolidate their power into a centralized authority capable of rivaling British dominance in India. Comment.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 The political reorganization of states and territories has been an ongoing process in the post-independence era. Discuss with examples. How successful has it been in accommodating diverse regional aspirations?","15","250"],[32,"Q.14) Highlighting the contributions of revolutionaries to the Indian freedom movement, discuss the factors that limited their efforts.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 \"The aspirations of the Indian national movement extended to securing social justice and economic regeneration, in addition to political freedom.\" Elaborate.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16 The 'paper partition' of Africa and its prolonged journey to decolonization stand in contrast to colonial experiences elsewhere. Analyse.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 \"India faces a grave water crisis due to soaring demand, pollution, and climate change, which necessitates urgent measures to ensure water security for all.\" Examine.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 Provide a reasoned account of the global distribution of volcanoes with the help of a world map. Also, discuss the various consequences of volcanoes.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 \"A seemingly casteless upper caste and an apparently caste-defined lower caste is one of the central aspects of the institution of caste in contemporary times\". Comment.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 Tolerance and harmony are engrained in societal ethos of India, but communal discord remains a significant threat to the nation's pluralistic fabric. Elaborate.","15","250"]]},{"i":65,"t":"Abhijit Asokan","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":2025,"r":234,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/ABHIJIT-ASOKANUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-234-Sample-MGP-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) \"A good person produces good things from the treasury of a good heart.\" Do you think there are certain universal qualities that define a good person? Illustrate with suitable examples.","10","150"],[5,"b) What do you understand by environmental ethics? Examine the ethical concerns in 'phase-down versus phase out debate' in the use of coal by developing countries.","10","150"],[7,"Q.2) a) \"Integrity is telling myself the truth and honesty is telling the truth to other people.\" Examine the importance of integrity and honesty for a public servant. Also, suggest measures to cultivate these attributes.","10","150"],[9,"b) A vigilant media is the voice of the common folks; however, a tainted media acts as its master's voice. Explain the importance of ethics in the functioning of media.","10","150"],[11,"Q.3) What does each of the following quotations mean to you?\na) \"Experience is the only teacher we have. We may talk and reason all our lives, but we shall not understand a word of truth, until we experience it ourselves\" - Swami Vivekananda","10","150"],[13,"b) \"There is no key to happiness; the door is always open.\" - Mother Teresa.","10","150"],[15,"c) \"Tolerance implies no lack of commitment to one's own beliefs. Rather it condemns the oppression or persecution of others.\" - John F. Kennedy","10","150"],[17,"Q.4) a) \"In this hyperconnected and morally interdependent world, the most important thing we can share is trustworthiness.\" Why is trustworthiness important? In what ways can it be imbibed in an individual?","10","150"],[19,"b) What do you understand from conflict of interest? With the help of suitable examples, illustrate how it affects the working of public servants. In what ways can conflict of interest be minimised?","10","150"],[21,"Q.5) a) \"Knowing yourself is the beginning of all wisdom.\" Discuss the importance of emotional intelligence in self-realisation. Do you think emotional intelligence can be learned?","10","150"],[23,"b) Discuss the ethical concerns associated with the use of social media. What steps can be taken to address them?","10","150"],[25,"Q.6) a) The crux of ethical conduct does not lie in bold words and expressions, but in their adoption into action, in sanctions against their violations, and in promoting a culture of integrity. In this context, evaluate the measures taken to promote ethical governance in the country.","10","150"],[27,"b) Foreign aid, although championed as a vital tool for socio-economic development, often runs into stiff opposition from the intended beneficiaries. Elaborate on the various ethical concerns associated with foreign aid. Suggest measures to address the challenges related to foreign aid.","10","150"],[29,"Q.7 You are posted as the District Magistrate (DM) of a district in the Nav Pradesh state of the country. Ramesh, a newly joined SDM in your district, actively engages with the public and is also known for his fitness-related activities. He has a strong presence on social media platforms, where he frequently posts about his work life and fitness endeavors on his personal account. Furthermore, he encourages the public to report issues within the district through his personal social media accounts, and he responds to their concerns, ensuring prompt actions are taken to address these issues. His active presence on social media has garnered him a massive following, not only in the district but also beyond. Also, direct communication with the public has led to a perception of greater transparency and accessibility of district administration in the eyes of the public.\nWhile Ramesh receives praise for his work in enhancing the trust and credibility of the administration, Ramesh's social media activities have also raised concerns among some of his colleagues and superiors. They argue that his posts often go beyond mere updates and venture into self-promotion, potentially blurring the lines between his personal life and his professional responsibilities. They express apprehensions that Ramesh might be seeking personal attention or recognition rather than focusing on his core duties as an SDM. Some of his juniors lamented working with him, as he often scolds them in public, and that too in the presence of cameras.\nOne day, a local MLA arrives at your office regarding a complaint that some of the posts by Ramesh are self-promoting in nature and expresses deep concern over the matter. He alleges that wherever the SDM goes, the normal functioning of the institution is hampered, and one of his official inspections near the highway resulted in heavy traffic congestion, leading to discomfort for commuters. He also says that while doing public work, Ramesh is perversely taking center stage and doesn't give enough credit to others. He expresses his apprehension that Ramesh might capitalize on this goodwill and may soon enter politics in the near future. He further said that in one of his posts, he seemingly divulged some classified information regarding the security apparatus of a high-level dignitary, which could have seriously jeopardized the dignitary's security arrangements.\nOn enquiring Ramesh, he argues that it is the duty of a civil servant to convey all the important information to the public about different schemes of the department. It would also improve the image of the administration among the public. Being in touch with the public would also help him better understand and address grassroots issues. Also, his fitness-related activities are to create awareness about healthy lifestyles, especially among the youth. He argues that his center-stage appearances at functions are because of requests from the organizing authorities of the functions. He also asserts that there is no hidden agenda in his actions.\nSome of your senior authorities have also expressed reservations about the active participation of civil servants on social media. They argue that Ramesh's activities are merely part of his regular work and should not be glorified. They assert that public money should not be used to promote oneself. They argue that bureaucrats should prioritize public service without seeking personal branding, and such self-promotion can create an impression of self-aggrandizement and detract from the selfless nature of public service.\nUsing fancy photos and highlighting official cars, residences, etc. as clickbait goes against the dignity that is expected of a public servant. By the very nature of the job, it is expected that bureaucracy should work behind a fine veil. Bureaucratic anonymity is a foundational value expected from a civil servant to ensure that a civil servant does not develop the negative externalities associated with the personality cult. Such social media posturing also runs the risk of civil servants playing to the gallery as every action comes under popular scrutiny. The point of reference becomes their social media viewership rather than the constitutional mandate.\na) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case study?\nb) Critically assess the role of social media in administration.\nc) What are the various possible choices available to you and which course of action would you choose? Justify your choice.","20","20"],[30,"a) उपरोक्त केस स्टडी में कौन से नैतिक मुद्दे शामिल हैं?\nb) प्रशासन में सोशल मीडिया की भूमिका का आलोचनात्मक मूल्यांकन कीजिए।\nc) आपके लिए विभिन्न संभावित विकल्प क्या उपलब्ध हैं और आप कौन सी कार्रवाई का रास्ता चुनेंगे? अपनी पसंद का औचित्य सिद्ध कीजिए।\na) उपरोक्त केस स्टडी में कौन से नैतिक मुद्दे शामिल हैं?\nb) प्रशासन में सोशल मीडिया की भूमिका का आलोचनात्मक मूल्यांकन कीजिए।\nc) आपके लिए विभिन्न संभावित विकल्प क्या उपलब्ध हैं और आप कौन सी कार्रवाई का रास्ता चुनेंगे? अपनी पसंद का औचित्य सिद्ध कीजिए।","20 अंक","250 शब्द"],[31,"a) Ethical issues involved in the role","",""],[35,"Q.8 Anand Singh is a government bus conductor working with the Nav Pradesh Transport Corporation. Anand has completed 35 years of service and is due for retirement next year. Anand is happy because he is hopeful of getting his daughter, Madhvi, married from the money he will receive as his retirement benefits. However, Anand's wife pesters him to earn more money in one way or the other. Anand likes his job, and all the passengers in his route vouch for his good nature and helpful behaviour.\nOne day, Suresh, Anand's boss, called Anand in his cabin. He told Anand that a complaint has been filed against him by a person for illegally taking the ticket money from him without issuing the receipt for the ticket. Suresh explained to Anand that this act amounted to misappropriation of government money. Suresh always saw Anand as a decent individual and he asked him as to why he indulged in such an act? Anand, visibly disturbed, told Suresh that as the conductor of a government bus he receives a meagre salary, grossly insufficient to meet the needs of his family. He told him that his younger daughter, Sarita, suffers from chronic kidney ailment, and requires dialysis twice a week. A huge chunk of his paltry salary goes towards the cost of Sarita's treatment. Moreover, as a single bread-winner of the family, he has to cater to the needs of his elderly parents. Anand further tells Suresh that since last one year a substantial portion of his income goes towards repaying the loan that he took for his elder daughter's college education. Anand laments that even after working for 35 long years, he is unable to provide for his family beyond the bare basic necessities. He tells Suresh that he is aware of many incidents of large-scale corruption in the road transport department that go virtually unnoticed. Further, Anand justifies his act of taking money by highlighting that almost every colleague of his indulges in such practices, and in comparison, to them, what he took, just fifty rupees, is ignorable and paltry. Further, he brought to light the fact that at times they, the conductors, were expected to give their immediate superiors a bribe in the name of convenience fees for various official tasks.\nWhile listening to Anand, Suresh feels compassion for him. He decides to verify the veracity of Anand's claim with regard to the dire straits of his financial conditions. On enquiry, all the workers in the office attested to the fact that Anand is going through a very bad phase and that he frequently resorts to short term loans in order to meet his financial requirements. Moreover, the office employees requested Suresh to take a lenient view of Anand's case. They were of the view that if a strong action is taken over such a trivial incident, then it would be highly unjust and unfair towards Anand. On reaching his home, Suresh shared the whole occurrence and Anand's story with his wife. To his surprise, his wife too agreed with the employees of the office. She told him that such small incidents are a routine matter. Also, with rising inflation and increasing obligations, this is the only way for people like Anand to make their ends meet. She asks Suresh to not waste his time and energy over such a small matter.\nSuresh knows Anand as a hard-working individual who has many mouths to feed at home. Suresh shares genuine sympathy with him, however, he also understands that embezzlement of government money, irrespective of amount and circumstances, is wrong. Now he is in a state of dilemma over his course of action.\na) Why are the incidents of petty corruption trivialized? According to you, is it justifiable to ignore small incidents of corruption?\nb) What are various ethical dilemmas in the above case study?\nc) Discuss the merits and demerits of various options available to Suresh. Also, what, according to you, will be the ideal course of action and why?","20","250"],[36,"a) छोटे-छोटे भ्रष्टाचार की घटनाओं को तुष्ट क्यों समझा जाता है? आपके हिसाब से क्या भ्रष्टाचार की छोटी-छोटी घटनाओं को नजरअंदाज करना जायज है?\nb) उपरोक्त केस स्टडी में विभिन्न नैतिक दुविधाएं क्या हैं?\nc) सुरेश के लिए उपलब्ध विभिन्न विकल्पों के गुण-दोषों की चर्चा कीजिए। साथ ही, आपके अनुसार आदर्श कार्यवाही क्या होगी और क्यों?","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[41,"Q.9) You are a common friend of Radha and Anand.\na) What are the qualities you think that Anand lack? Does Radha also lack some qualities?\nb) As a common friend what course of action would you suggest to Anand and Radha and why?\nc) Do you think emotional intelligence can help Anand and Radha resolve their issues?","20","250"],[42,"You are common friends of Radha and Anand.\na) What do you think are the shortcomings of Anand? Are there any shortcomings in Radha?\nb) As a common friend, what steps would you suggest to Anand and Radha and why?\nc) Do you think emotional intelligence can help Anand and Radha in resolving their issues?","20","250"],[47,"Q.10 Moonlighting refers to doing a second job, typically at night and secretly, in addition to one's regular employment. With work from home becoming a new feature of many jobs, it has become easy for many people to moonlight.\nArvind is a software engineer in Comsoft, an MNC, and he works from home for his firm. Arvind has received only meagre salary hikes in the last two years as the business of Comsoft has suffered due to the pandemic. However, his expenditure has increased substantially as he got married and had a child in these two years. Arvind was finding it difficult to make his ends meet and decided to take up another job, apart from his regular job in Comsoft. He got his second gig at Mocsoft, who happened to be a competitor of Comsoft, and thus, started moonlighting. This side gig was very helpful for Arvind and his financial condition started improving. Arvind found that in Mocsoft, his role and responsibilities were quite similar to that in his regular employment at Comsoft. This meant that he could easily manoeuvre between two jobs without compromising the quality of work in either company. Shift timing of both the jobs were also different. To keep the two jobs separate, he used his official computer to work for Comsoft and his personal computer for Mocsoft. Two jobs gave Arvind financial space to save for buying a house, something the couple had always dreamt of. However, all his plans shattered and his world came crashing down when Arvind received an official mail from Comsoft informing him of his termination with immediate effect citing his second job as the reason for termination. Arvind was clueless as to what to do now and how to tell his wife about his termination. Similar is the story of hundreds of Arvind, who were terminated for moonlighting.\na) Analyze the various ethical issues involved in the case of moonlighting.\nb) Do you think Comsoft's decision to terminate the employment of Arvind is justified? Why or why not?\nc) Identify various qualities which could help Arvind handle this situation.","20","250"],[52,"Q.11 Rahul belongs to a wealthy and influential business family. On his 17th birthday, he threw a party for his friends at a famous club in the city. The celebration continued late into the night, where everyone enjoyed themselves. After the party, Rahul bid goodbye to his friends and decided to drive home. He was driving his high-end SUV and, while speeding for fun, he lost control of the car while negotiating a sharp turn. The car collided with a bike coming from the opposite direction. The two occupants of the bike died on the spot, while Rahul escaped with minor bruises on his face and knees. The police arrived at the scene, detained Rahul, and took him to the hospital for a preliminary medical check-up. The families of the deceased were informed, and the bodies were sent for autopsy. After the initial legal formalities, Rahul was presented before the Juvenile Justice Board. The Board granted him bail on lenient terms that included writing a 300-word essay on road safety. This decision sparked outrage, but the situation escalated when a video of Rahul and his friends consuming alcohol in the club emerged and went viral on social media. As the case became the talk of the city, an investigative report by a leading daily unveiled further shocking details. The report revealed that Rahul's father had attempted to mislead the police by falsely claiming that the family driver was at the wheel during the accident. Initial actions by the police suggested preferential treatment towards Rahul, including delays in filing the FIR and later registering it under lenient provisions of the law. The investigative report also highlighted the involvement of medical staff in manipulating and tampering with evidence in exchange for inducements from Rahul's father. Rahul's blood samples were replaced with those of another person which had no traces of alcohol. Furthermore, the local MLA, who is the brother of State Home Minister and close to Rahul's family, reportedly intervened to influence police and judicial proceedings in favor of the juvenile. The city is gripped by a sense of injustice as details of corruption, collusion, and manipulation unfold, revealing the lengths to which those in power can conspire and make a mockery of laws, institutions, and principles of justice. You are the SP of the district where the entire incident occurred. Prima facie, the facts highlighted in the newspaper's investigative report appear to be correct. However, due to the involvement of the local MLA and the political connections of Rahul's father, you are facing pressure from higher authorities to manipulate the investigation and acquit Rahul. Additionally, the MLA has promised a 'plum posting' if you hush up the matter, and your promotion is also due soon. Meanwhile, the families of the victims, along with the public, are demanding accountability and justice.\na) As the SP of the district, examine the options available to you. What course of action would you take and why?\nb) How might the actions of Rahul's father influence his perception of personal responsibility and societal obligations?","20","250"],[53,"a) जिले के पुलिस अधीक्षक के रूप में, आपके पास उपलब्ध विकल्पों की जांच करें। आप क्या कदम उठाएंगे और क्यों?\nb) राहुल के पिता के कार्यों से उनको व्यक्तिगत जिम्मेदारी और सामाजिक दायित्वों की धारणा पर क्या प्रभाव पड़ सकता है?\na) जिले के पुलिस अधीक्षक के रूप में, आपके पास उपलब्ध विकल्पों की जांच करें। आप क्या कदम उठाएंगे और क्यों?\nb) राहुल के पिता के कार्यों से उनको व्यक्तिगत जिम्मेदारी और सामाजिक दायित्वों की धारणा पर क्या प्रभाव पड़ सकता है?","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[58,"Q.12 Abhay is a senior officer in a government think tank. He is responsible for analysing the demands for funds from various ministries and state governments. His job mandates making recommendations to the government for prioritising the budget expenditure. Abhay's department is presently busy in analysing the demands for funds from five different ministries. The first demand is from the Ministry of Defence for 500 crore rupees. The Ministry of Defence has solicited funds for the acquisition of state-of-the-art bullet proof vests and assault weapons for the armed force personnel posted in insurgent invested areas of Jammu and Kashmir. The second demand is from the Ministry of Heavy Industries. The Ministry of Heavy Industries has demanded 300 crore rupees for the purchase of electric scooters. Distribution of electric scooters was one of the election promises of the incumbent union government in order to reduce pollution levels in the country. Further, as two states are set to go to poll next year, there is an additional pressure from a senior cabinet minister to prioritise this demand. The third demand is for 200 crore rupees from the Ministry of Road Transport. The Ministry of Road Transport has proposed to build robust road connectivity in left wing affected areas and also in the hilly states. It is reasoned that while road connectivity will have a multiplier impact on the economy, it will also improve the governance process. The fourth demand is from the Ministry of Health for 200 crore rupees. The Ministry of Health has targeted to increase the insurance penetration in the country. It is argued that increased insurance penetration will boost public health and reduce out-of-pocket expenditure. The fifth demand is for 300 crore rupees from the Ministry of Women and Child Development. The MoWCD aims to expand its nutrition programme in the country. It is believed that in order to check the high levels of stunting and wasting in the children, the State needs to take a larger role. While each of the government schemes is important, the fiscal space available with the exchequer is limited. Accordingly, Abhay has an elbow space to accommodate schemes worth 1000 crore rupees. Now, it is incumbent upon Abhay to allocate the available money in the most prudent fashion.\na) What principles should guide Abhay in the allocation of money?\nb) Imagine yourself in the position of Abhay. In what order will you prioritise the available funds and why?","20","250"]]},{"i":66,"t":"Abhijit Asokan","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":2025,"r":234,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/ABHIJIT-ASOKANUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-234-Sample-MGP-Copy-2.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) Indian society and its philosophical traditions have predominantly embraced a \"non-absolutist stance\" towards ethical considerations. Do you agree?","10","150"],[5,"b) \"Empathy is a crucial human value, but there exists a complex relationship between empathy and objectivity.\" Discuss with suitable examples.","10","150"],[7,"Q.2) a) A welfare state's legitimacy rests on its ethical foundation. In your opinion, what are the key ethical traits of a welfare state? Suggest ways to strengthen the ethical foundation of a state.","10","150"],[9,"b) Different individuals have varied interpretations of what constitutes a good life. What does a good life signify for you? Explain with examples.","10","150"],[11,"Q.3) What does each of the following quotations mean to you?\na) \"A man can give up a right, but he may not give up a duty without being guilty of a grave dereliction\". Mahatma Gandhi","10","150"],[13,"b) \"The world is sustained by those who refrain from hurting others, even when they have the power to do so.\"","10","150"],[15,"c) \"Our lives begin to end the day we become silent about things that matter.\" Martin Luther King Jr.","10","150"],[17,"Q.4) a) What is 'emotional intelligence' and how can it be developed? How does it help civil servants in ethical decision making and crisis management?","10","150"],[19,"b) The arrival of modernity has reshaped our traditional relationship with nature. How can a change in 'environmental attitude' aid in addressing sustainability challenges?","10","150"],[21,"Q.5) a) Once a foundational value, bureaucratic anonymity is now diluted by social media, blurring the lines between private conduct and public duty. Examine critically.","10","150"],[23,"b) What do you understand by probity in governance? What are the difficulties in upholding it in contemporary times? Suggest measures for ensuring probity in governance.","10","150"],[25,"Q.6) a) Differentiate between code of conduct and code of ethics. Explain the necessity of a code of ethics for public servants to ensure ethical governance.","10","150"],[26,"b) Despite acknowledging that corruption is detrimental and condemning it, why do people continue to engage in it? Explore the significance of value systems in combating the evil of corruption.","10","150"],[28,"Q.7) You are the Superintendent of Police (SP) in a communally sensitive district. Recently, a young couple approached you seeking protection. They wish to get married, but they belong to different religions. Also, the girl is from an influential family, while the boy comes from a humble background. They are facing threats from the girl's family, who have warned them of dire consequences if they proceed with the marriage. The girl's family has fixed her marriage to a boy belonging to their community and is vehemently against interfaith marriage. The village elders have also expressed apprehensions that, if the matter is not resolved promptly, it could incite widespread rioting and lead to serious law and order problems. The local intelligence unit has corroborated these concerns in its report submitted to your office.\nThe fears of the village elders have come true. Rumors and disagreements regarding the proposed marriage have caused communal tensions in the neighboring localities. In one such locality, a law-abiding and responsible citizen lives with his wife and son, Sahil. This locality, where people of different religions reside, has a history of maintaining overall harmony and peace despite occasional minor quarrels. But this time, it escalated to the point of rioting, during which Sahil came under the attack and was grievously injured. The rioters also set fire to many houses and vehicles, causing extensive damage to public property. Despite immediate and frantic calls to the police, no prompt action was taken. Sahil succumbed to his injuries the next day. A video of the brutal attack on Sahil emerged and went viral on social media. The incident was also covered extensively by the national media and has led to increased communal polarization in the district.\nOn one hand, the couple feels increasingly threatened as many blame them for the situation; on the other hand, there are fears of another round of violence as some members of Sahil's community vowing to avenge his death. The grieving parents are devastated by the loss of their only child and seek justice. The district administration is under immense pressure to prevent further violence, ensure justice for Sahil's family, and protect the young couple.\na) Discuss the ethical issues involved in this case.\nb) As the SP of the district, evaluate the options available to you.\nc) What course of action would you adopt to deal with the situation?","20","250"],[29,"a) इस केस स्टडी में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\nb) जिले के पुलिस अधीक्षक के रूप में, आप अपने पास उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन कीजिए।\nc) स्थिति से निपटने के लिए आप क्या कदम उठाएंगे?\na) इस केस स्टडी में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\nb) जिले के पुलिस अधीक्षक के रूप में, आप अपने पास उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन कीजिए।\nc) स्थिति से निपटने के लिए आप क्या कदम उठाएंगे?","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[34,"Q.8) In the lush green expanse of the Western Ghats, a significant change is underway. The state government has announced a new infrastructure project—a highway connecting City A and City B. This project, envisioned as a catalyst for economic growth and enhanced connectivity, also promises to attract significant investments, including from a major semiconductor company. The semiconductor company is important for strategic purposes, given the growing importance of semiconductors in defense, space, and communications sectors. However, the proposed highway passes through a densely forested tribal area, home to an indigenous community deeply connected to the land. The local tribal community, reliant on the forest for their livelihood and cultural practices, is alarmed by the prospect of displacement and the extensive forest clearance required by the project. The forest is not just their home but a crucial part of their identity and source of livelihood. It is where their ancestors are buried, where they grow medicinal plants, and where their children play. The community's leaders, including Geeta, a respected elder, are determined to protect their land. They fear losing their ancestral lands and the destruction of their way of life. Determined to make their voices heard, the community organizes a protest march to the office of the District Magistrate and seeks time to meet the DM. The DM, Rajesh known for his fair and balanced approach, listens intently as Geeta and other leaders explain their fears. They asserted their legally protected right to manage and protect the forest. Meanwhile, in the corporate offices of M&T Infrastructure Ltd., CEO Anil is grappling with the growing unrest. The company has been contracted to build the highway, but the resistance from the tribal community poses a significant challenge. Delays could lead to escalating costs and potential project failure. Anil decides to seek a meeting with Priya, the Chief Secretary of State, to discuss the situation. Priya, overseeing the project from the state secretariat, is aware of the delicate balance needed. The project is crucial for the state's development and aligns with the policy of promoting ease of doing business. Moreover, the potential investment from the semiconductor company is strategically important for both the state and the nation. Any delay or hindrance could tarnish the state's reputation and dissuade future investments. When Anil meets Priya, he lays out his concerns. \"Madam Secretary, the protests are intensifying. If this continues, we might have to consider withdrawing from the project. The financial risks are becoming untenable.\" The ruling party, keen to maintain its pro-development image, wants early completion of the project and the materialization of the semiconductor manufacturing plant to fulfill its poll promises. The Chief Secretary conveys the policy of the state government and the concerns of M&T Infrastructure Ltd. to the District Magistrate of the district concerned. As the administrative head of the district, the responsibility for maintaining law and order and facilitating development projects rests upon him.\na) What are the ethical issues involved in the case?\nb) Evaluate the options available to Rajesh, being District Magistrate of the area.\nc) What course of action should Rajesh adopt and why?","20","20"],[35,"a) केस अध्ययन में नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं?\nb) क्षेत्र के जिला मजिस्ट्रेट होने के नाते राजेश के लिए उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन कीजिए।\nc) राजेश को क्या कार्रवाई करनी चाहिए और क्यों?","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[38,"c) course of action for Rajesh should be to:","",""],[40,"Q.9) A small village in South India experienced a devastating tragedy that shocked the nation. Around 65 villagers lost their lives after drinking liquor contaminated with methanol. The tragedy quietly unfolded one evening as unsuspecting villagers gathered for relaxation, sharing stories, and unwinding after a day's work and consumed the toxic brew. Within a short time, symptoms of poisoning began to appear. The villagers experienced severe headaches, dizziness, nausea, and blurred vision. Panic quickly spread through the community as more and more people fell ill. Families desperately sought help, but the village's healthcare facilities were quickly overwhelmed and unable to cope with the sudden influx of patients. The few medical professionals available worked tirelessly, but resources were limited, and the severity of the situation became increasingly apparent.\nPolice filed FIR, but no breakthrough was achieved in the case for almost two months. Mahesh, an investigative journalist working with a leading TV channel, began investigating the case on his own initiative. Within a month, Mahesh made a breakthrough by interacting with local people, the liquor mafia, and government officials. He prepared his investigative story and presented it to the CMD of the TV channel. Mahesh's report exposed the complete nexus of the illicit liquor mafia operating with the support of corrupt police, civil officials, and politicians. The key political figure involved was the local MLA, known to be very close to the Chief Minister.\nAfter reviewing the investigative report, the CMD advised Mahesh to drop the idea of making the story public through electronic media. The CMD revealed that the local MLA was not only a relative of the TV channel's owner but also held an unofficial 30 percent share in the channel. Additionally, the CMD offered Mahesh a promotion, a pay raise, and the adjustment of the 20-lakh soft loan that Mahesh had taken for his son's studies abroad if he handed over the investigative report.\na) What are the options available with Mahesh to cope up with the situation? Critically examine each of the options.\nb) Which of the options, do you think, would be the most appropriate for Mahesh to adopt and why?\nc) Suggest some innovative measures to address the nexus of criminal activities and prevent such tragedies.","20","20"],[41,"a) स्थिति से निपटने के लिए महेश के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं? प्रत्येक विकल्प की आलोचनात्मक जांच कीजिए।\nb) आपको क्या लगता है कि महेश के लिए कौन सा विकल्प सबसे उपयुक्त होगा और क्यों?\nc) आपराधिक गतिविधियों के गढ़जोड़ को दूर करने और ऐसी त्रासदियों को रोकने के लिए कुछ नवीन उपाय सुझाएँ।\na) स्थिति से निपटने के लिए महेश के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं? प्रत्येक विकल्प की आलोचनात्मक जांच कीजिए।\nb) आपको क्या लगता है कि महेश के लिए कौन सा विकल्प सबसे उपयुक्त होगा और क्यों?\nc) आपराधिक गतिविधियों के गढ़जोड़ को दूर करने और ऐसी त्रासदियों को रोकने के लिए कुछ नवीन उपाय सुझाएँ।","20 अंक","250 शब्द"],[46,"Q.10 In a bustling city administration office in a state, Joint Municipal Commissioner Meera, who is also the Public Information Officer (PIO) faces a challenging situation. Recently, an RTI application has been received, demanding details about public infrastructure projects initiated during her tenure. Upon reviewing the requested information, Meera discovers that certain decisions made regarding these projects were not entirely sound in hindsight. These decisions, although taken in good faith and after due diligence, failed to realize promised outcomes. There were other employees also who were party to this decision. The disclosure of this information could potentially lead to scrutiny and backlash against herself, the employees, and contractors involved. Known for her integrity and commitment to public service, Meera finds herself at a crossroads. The RTI Act has served as a critical check against administrative arbitrariness, ensuring transparency and accountability. However, she also observes a troubling trend. RTI applications are often used by vested interests and activists seeking personal gain rather than genuine public interest. Some activists even resort to threats or extortion tactics, undermining the integrity of the RTI process. She fears the requested RTI information could be similarly exploited. Moreover, the employees involved are requesting her to withhold the information. In navigating this situation, Meera weighs her options carefully.\na) Critically examine the options available to Meera in the above situation.\nb) Which of the above would be the most appropriate for Meera and why?","20","250"],[47,"a) Options available for meena are\n1) Giving rejecting the request for information and avert a possible scrutiny and backlash.\n2) Giving away the requested information and abiding to law","",""],[50,"Q.11) You are the Operations Manager at a rapidly growing technology startup, Tech Nova Innovations, which prides itself on its cutting-edge solutions and ability to deliver projects on time. The startup culture is fast paced, with tight deadlines and high expectations from both clients and investors. Your current project, developing a new AI-driven platform, is crucial for securing future funding and partnerships. Your team is small but skilled, consisting of four software developers and two project coordinators, with an equal number of men and women.\nRecently, your team has faced significant challenges. Riya, one of the female software developers, has requested personal leave to care for her ailing father. Meanwhile, another female team member, Shabnam, is struggling to balance her work responsibilities with the care of her infant child. The remaining team members have had to take on additional tasks, affecting their work-life balance, leading to increased stress and frustration. As the project deadline approaches, the strain within the team becomes evident. During a critical review meeting, Arjun, a senior developer, expresses his frustration, \"Maybe it's not a good idea to have team members who can't commit full-time during crucial phases.\" The comment sparks immediate backlash. Chetna, a project coordinator, finds Arjun's remark deeply offensive and reports the incident to the Human Resources (HR) Department. She also threatens to take the issue to social media, potentially harming the startup's public image. The HR Department, based at the startup's headquarters, investigates the complaint and recommends taking strict action against Arjun for his unprofessional and insensitive comment. They highlighted the importance of maintaining an inclusive and respectful workplace culture. This recommendation places you in a difficult position. The project is already behind schedule, and losing a senior developer like Arjun could severely impact its timely completion.\nYou are now faced with a complex dilemma. On one hand, it is essential to address the insensitive remark and ensure a respectful work environment. On the other hand, you must keep the project on track without further demotivating your team.\na) Discuss the ethical issues involved in this case.\nb) As the Operations Manager, how would you deal with the situation?\nc) Based on the case study, discuss the challenges faced by women at workplace. How can such challenges be resolved?","20","250"],[51,"a) इस केस स्टडी में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\nb) संचालन प्रबंधक के रूप में, आप इस स्थिति से कैसे निपटेंगे?\nc) केस स्टडी के आधार पर, कार्यस्थल पर महिलाओं के सामने आने वाली चुनौतियों पर चर्चा करें। ऐसी चुनौतियों का समाधान कैसे किया जा सकता है?\na) इस केस स्टडी में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\nb) संचालन प्रबंधक के रूप में, आप इस स्थिति से कैसे निपटेंगे?\nc) केस स्टडी के आधार पर, कार्यस्थल पर महिलाओं के सामने आने वाली चुनौतियों पर चर्चा करें। ऐसी चुनौतियों का समाधान कैसे किया जा सकता है?","20 अंक","250 शब्द"],[55,"Q.12 Utkarsh is a dedicated and experienced Chief Engineer in the Public Works Department (PWD) of a major Indian city. His responsibilities include overseeing the maintenance and construction of the city's infrastructure. One of his critical responsibilities is managing the safety and welfare of the PWD workers. A sudden strike by the workers' union of the PWD erupted over the issue of compensation to a construction worker who died while repairing a major bridge in the city. The case was brought to Utkarsh's attention for resolution.\na) What are the options available to Utkarsh to meet the above situation? Critically examine each of the options identified by him.\nb) What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by Utkarsh?\nc) What course of action should Utkarsh adopt to diffuse the above situation?","20","250"]]},{"i":70,"t":"Abhimanyu Malik","c":"Nextias","p":"GS1","y":null,"r":60,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/ee21bf4c91767f03906ea17bc7230b10/26/air-60-abhimanyu-malik_test-1_gs1.pdf","q":[[6,"Q.1 The fabric of Indian philosophical thought owes as much to Northern India as to Southern India. Elucidate.","10","150"],[8,"Q.2 The Indian society's impulse for social change and reform was a response to its opposition to colonial rule. Examine.","10","150"],[10,"Q.3 What are the factors that led to the Russian revolution and what are the consequences of this revolution? Discuss its influence on the Indian national movement","10","Answer in 150"],[12,"Q.4 Discuss the various factors responsible for the uneven temperature distribution on Earth's surface.","10","150"],[14,"Q.5 The melting of glaciers due to climate change has serious implications for the ecosystem and human society. Discuss the effects of melting glaciers on the environment and the measures that can be taken to address this issue.","10","150"],[16,"Q.6 The White Revolution was most successful in the Western part of India. Discuss the factors for this regional success of the White Revolution.","10","Answer in 150"],[18,"Q.7 To what extent does seismic investigation contribute to our understanding of the Earth's interior structure? Analyze its significance in detail.","10","150"],[20,"Q.8 The pace of demographic transition varies across different states of India making population growth a double-edged sword. Comment.","10","150"],[22,"Q.9 The ethnic and cultural diversity in India has always been bound by the thread of unity. Discuss the major factors that have contributed to the cultural unity of India.","10","150"],[24,"Q.10 The dichotomy in public and private life in Indian society acts as a major barrier to the annihilation of caste. Justify","10","150"],[26,"Q.11 India was forced into numerous wars post Independence. Highlight the causes and impact of the Indo-Pak and Indo-China wars on our bilateral relationships.","15","Answer in 250"],[29,"Q.12 The process of consolidation of Bengal, which started after the Battle of Plassey culminated in the Battle of Buxar. Do you think the Battle of Buxar was more important for the British than Plassey?","15","Answer in 250"],[31,"Which Battle more important?","",""],[32,"Q.13 Sanskrit literature in general and particularly in the Guptan age set a high watermark for the literary history of ancient India. Discuss.","15","Answer in 250"],[35,"Q. 4 The configuration of the ocean floor provides essential information about the geological processes that have shaped the Earth's surface. Discuss the major features of the ocean floor and their significance in the study of oceanography.","15","250"],[38,"Q.15 With the growing demand for rare earth elements, their distribution has become a critical aspect of the global economy. Discuss the distribution of rare earth elements across the world, their uses, and the environmental impact of their extraction.","15","250"],[41,"Q.16 Tourism in the hilly states is threatening to exceed the ecological carrying capacity of the region. Analyze the factors contributing to this trend and evaluate the potential Environmental impacts of this phenomenon. What measures can be taken to ensure sustainable tourism in these states?","15","Answer in 250"],[44,"Q.17 The Indian monsoon is a complex phenomenon influenced by various climatic factors. Critically examine the role of oceanic and atmospheric factors in determining the intensity and distribution of monsoon rainfall in India.","15","250"],[47,"Q.18 Why do traditions in our society impede change? To what extent can social legislation be instrumental against old customary practices?","15","Answer in 250"],[50,"Q.19 Slums are not 'problems' that have to be 'solved' - but are indeed a result of lopsided and vested urban policies covering infrastructure provision and socio-economic issues. Analyse.","15","250"],[53,"Q.20 Communalism gains strength from economic deprivation, and thrives in environments of social exclusion, creating fertile ground for discontent and division. Comment.","15","250"]]},{"i":68,"t":"Abhimanyu Malik","c":"Nextias","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":60,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/ee21bf4c91767f03906ea17bc7230b10/13/air-60-abhimanyu-malik_test-2_gs2.pdf","q":[[4,"Q.1 There is a need to resolve the ambiguity in the disqualification provisions under section 8 of the Representation of People Act 1951. Discuss.","10","150"],[6,"Q.2 Constitution is a mere skeleton whereas constitutionalism is the soul of democracy. Discuss.","10","150"],[8,"Q.3 \"Electoral bonds are a double-edged sword, providing anonymity to donors while raising concerns about transparency in political funding.\" To what extent have electoral bonds further legitimized opacity in electoral funding?","10","150"],[10,"Q.4 The question of gender equality is central to the debate on Uniform Civil Code. In this light what are the challenges in reconciling UCC with gender equality as enshrined in the constitution?","10","150"],[12,"Q.5 The Governor's office is neither decorative nor inconsequential, it assumes a constitutional role of profound essence. To what extent does the Governor, actively contribute to the governance of a state and reinforce the principles of federalism in the country?","10","150"],[14,"Q.6 Recently demand has been rising in a state regarding the enactment of Social Accountability Law. How such a law can lead to good governance and boost citizens' participation in decision-making. Comment.","10","150"],[16,"Q.7 There is a need for convergence of 'nutrition-specific' and 'nutrition-sensitive' interventions to effectively tackle child undernutrition in India. Examine.","10","150"],[18,"Q.8 \"MGNREGA, the lynchpin of rural poverty alleviation, has become the victim of fiscal apathy.\" Critically analyze the statement in light of recent developments.","10","150"],[20,"Q.9 \"India must leverage, if not manage, the global divides\". How can the current geopolitical churn pave the way for India's rise to the global high table?","10","Answer in 150"],[22,"Q.10 \"Berlin can be India's gateway to the European Union.\" Elaborate with respect to Germany's significance in India's relationship with the EU.","10","Answer in 150"],[23,"Significance of Germany vis-a-vis relationship with EU","",""],[24,"Q.11 How has the Anti-Defection Law impacted the relationship between political parties and individual legislators in India? In light of the recent incidents also discuss the unintended consequences it has on the functioning of democracy in India.","15","250"],[27,"Q.12 Critics assert that limitless judicial authority rests on the structural ambiguity of the basic structure doctrine. Has the elastic nature of the basic structure doctrine made the judiciary more powerful than the executive?","15","250"],[30,"Q.13 Fundamental rights are not gifts bestowed upon by the state rather an individual possesses them independently of the state. In this context discuss the desirability of reasonable restrictions on various fundamental rights.","15","250"],[33,"Q.14 'S.R. Bommai v. Union of India' signified a paradigm shift in the judicial interpretation of the union's authority to assume control of a state's administration. In this context discuss the significance and impact of the judgement on cementing the federal structure.","15","250"],[36,"Q.15 The key to effective decentralization is, 'political decentralization should follow finance and functional decentralization'. Discuss in the context of impediments faced by local governance in India.","15","250"],[39,"Q.16 Multi-stakeholder partnerships are the key to leveraging collective expertise and networks. How can effective partnership and localized implementation efforts be fostered to accelerate the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in India?","15","250"],[42,"Q.17 How has the implementation of the POSH Act resulted in limited success in raising awareness about sexual harassment, and what factors have hindered its effective outreach to women employed in the unorganized sector? Propose strategies to bridge this gap and ensure comprehensive protection for women in the unorganized sector against workplace harassment.","15","250"],[45,"Q.18 'Neo-liberal reforms and globalization have deeply transformed the institutions of the welfare state and set the ground for a new type of civil services.' In this context examine the challenges faced in service delivery and suggest adequate reforms.","15","250"],[48,"Q.19 China views India as its \"Asian Rival\" with an innate ability to counter its hegemonistic goals in Asia. Despite these difficulties in India-China relations, there are also many areas of convergence. Discuss.","15","250"]]},{"i":69,"t":"Abhimanyu Malik","c":"Nextias","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":60,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/ee21bf4c91767f03906ea17bc7230b10/17/air-60-abhimanyu-malik_test-4_gs4.pdf","q":[[4,"1. (a) Public service requires not merely legal but also morally principled action. Public service requires the public servant to place loyalty to the constitution, laws, and ethical principles. Among the three, which do you think must acquire primacy while carrying out official functions? Why? Discuss.","10","150"],[6,"1. (b) What do you understand by \"integrity-based civil disobedience\"? Do you think a challenge to personal integrity can be a justifiable cause for responsible disobedience in civil services? Explain.","10","150"],[8,"2. (a) Recent research has shown that emotions significantly impact personal and professional lives. What are the primary emotions that negatively and positively impact workplace productivity? Explain with relevant examples.","10","150"],[10,"2. (b) Technical efficiency ensures resource utilization and social efficiency ensures fulfillment of social needs, what does ethical efficiency ensure? Do you think ethical efficiency is more important than technical and social efficiency? Why/Why not?","10","150"],[12,"3. (a) \"Man cannot do right in one department of life whilst he is occupied in doing wrong in any other department.\" Gandhi.\nDo you think an individual's personal ethics impacts professional life or they both can be compartmentalized? Explain your position with relevant examples.","10","150"],[14,"3. (b) Goodness is the result of internal imperatives to do what is right, not sanctions from moral rules or rewards from expected consequences. Do you agree? Discuss.","10","150"],[16,"4. (a) Explain the meaning of the following quotations and discuss their contemporary relevance.\n(a) 'To tolerate is purely an act of the mind. That is the essence of virtue. To tolerate is a strength.' (Answer in 150 words) 10 Marks","10","150"],[18,"4. (b) \"It is our first duty to serve society, and after we have done that, we may attend wholly to the salvation of our souls.\"","10","150"],[20,"4. (c) \"Periods of peace are the empty pages in the history books\"","10","Answer in 150"],[22,"5. (a) In the context of civil service, distinguish between moral and nonmoral values. Identify 5 basic moral values that can serve as foundational values for all services irrespective of the department. Give reasons why those values can be considered foundational.","10","150"],[24,"5. (b) Citizens' involvement in decision-making is critical to ethics in governance. Do you agree that effective civic engagement mechanisms can facilitate an ethics-driven administration? What do you think are the mechanisms that citizens can use for ensuring ethics in governance?","10","Answer in 150"],[26,"6. (a) Social transformation programs such as \"beti bachao and beti padhao\" believes in using advice, counseling, and persuasion but sometimes a little force is also necessary for getting the desired response. Do you think it is a good idea to mix little force with persuasion by public administrators while implementing social schemes of transformation? Explain with relevant examples.","10","150"],[28,"6 (b) Ultimately foreign policy of every country hinges upon the strength which the nation possesses. Strength may be military or financial and may be also... moral. Do you think ethical strength without military or financial muscle will be respected in today's world? Explain your position.","10","150"],[30,"7 You are a young officer working with the Municipal Corporation of an industrial city. The city was known for manufacturing ball bearings and auto parts. Most manufacturing units were small-scale units with very little production process automation. The units relied on manual labor, which was in abundance due to the villages close by.\n\nAs the number of manufacturing units grew, the demand for labor increased, bringing in a steady inflow of laborers into the city. This influx of people into the town led to a mushrooming of slums and encroachments on the sidewalks. Once in a while, the Corporation conducted drives to clear out the slums, but after a time, the slums came back. The illegal slums had become an urban nightmare.\n\nYou were given the responsibility of clearing out the encroachments and slums with the help of Police authorities. As you started the drive, you realized that the people living by the sidewalks were vulnerable compared to the slum dwellers. Many sidewalk dwellers had recently come to the city after selling their properties in their villages. Now if you drive them out, they have no place to go. Your heart went out to them, and you felt that your departmental action was inhumane, but your official responsibilities demanded stern impartial action. You are desperate to find a way to help the sidewalk dwellers without compromising your official duties.\n(a) What value conflicts do you notice in the above situation?\n(b) Can an administrator compromise the value of impartiality for empathy? Discuss.\n(c) What are the options available in the above situation?\n(d) Suggest viable solutions for tackling illegal slums and encroachments in urban areas.","20","Answer in 250"],[35,"8 A certain State government was running a welfare scheme for promoting safe motherhood among rural landless laborers' families. The scheme involves the transfer of funds to the beneficiaries to enable them to mitigate income loss due to maternal care responsibilities. Since its implementation, the scheme has done reasonably well on maternal health and economic indicators. You are the Director of the Department responsible for implementing and operating the scheme. Recently you have been receiving reports of welfare fraud being committed by families by producing fake bona fide. The families committed the fraud with the help of local officials responsible for scrutinizing the scheme's efficiency. You called for a departmental meeting to discuss and find a solution to the problem. In the meeting, it was decided to merge several available government data sets such as Aadhar cards, voter ID cards, marriage certificates, birth certificates, bank details, and other personal assets. By merging all the data sets, the department would be able to develop the beneficiary's economic profile. And this will help the department scrutinize the documents and detect fraud. This was a comprehensive strategy, but it risked violating an individual's data privacy. As a Department head, you wanted to detect and prevent fraud, but at the same time, you were apprehensive about violating the Data privacy of the stakeholders.\n(a) What are the issues involved in the above case?\n(b) Do you think violating data privacy is justified to prevent welfare fraud? Why/ Why not?\n(c) What, according to you, can be the reasons for such welfare frauds happening in the country?\n(d) Are there any ways and means to prevent such fraud? Give your suggestions.","20","Answer in 250"],[40,"9 You are posted in the Department of Mines, and one of your roles is to help your Department Head negotiate mining leases with private contractors. Recently, the state government demarcated a new mining zone and planned to invite bids for the mining blocks. You were instructed to oversee the bidding process and speed up the contract negotiations. As planned, the tenders were released, bids came in, and tenders were allocated as per the norms. All this happened at a breakneck speed. You wondered, why the hurry? But it was not your place to think and question; you quietly went about your work. As the contractors were about to start operations, you had to instruct them on environmental concerns to watch out for. And to do that, you read the environmental impact assessment report submitted by a consulting firm hired by the department. To your surprise, the report was shoddy and looked cooked up. You got suspicious and raised the issue with your Head, who politely instructed you to do what you were told, and he reminded you that the Department had revenue targets and was under pressure from the Ministry. After the meeting, you, on your own accord, did some digging and found out that the report was fraudulent and the mining activity that was about to start would lead to a massive environmental disaster which the State could not afford.\n(a) What are the issues and value violations you notice in the above case?\n(b) What are the options available to you?\n(c) Discuss the advantage and disadvantages of each option and identify your chosen course of action.\n(d) Do you think that environmental considerations are sometimes overrated at the cost of development?","20","Answer in 250"],[45,"10 (a) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\n(b) Do you think GAMA, the corporate business, should think about international ethics to promote business interests? If yes, why? If no, why not?\n(c) Do you think a corporate's social responsibility has changed due to globalisation? If yes, why? If no, why not?\n(d) Do you think governments related to defence equipment manufacturing companies should regulate sensitive technology and innovation to reduce misuse? Discuss.\na) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\nb) Do you think GAMA, the corporate business, should think about international ethics to promote business interests? If yes, why? If no, why not?\nc) Do you think a corporate's social responsibility has changed due to globalisation? If yes, why? If no, why not?\nd) Do you think governments related to defence equipment manufacturing companies should regulate sensitive technology and innovation to reduce misuse? Discuss.","20","250"],[46,"(b), (c), (d) (b) Do you think corporate businesses such as GAMA must consider international ethics while pursuing business interests? Why/why not?\n(c) Do you think a corporate's social responsibility extends beyond one's immediate community to the international community? Why/Why not?\n(d) Do you think the Defence sector companies marketing sensitive technologies must be regulated by their respective governments, or regulation may curtail their entrepreneurial and innovation energy? Discuss.","20","Answer in 250"],[49,"11 (a) इस मामले में कौन-से नैतिक और व्यावसायिक मुद्दे शामिल हैं?\n(b) श्री शर्मा और सीईओ के पास कौन-कौन से विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\n(c) क्या आपको लगता है कि बिक्री कार्यबल को स्वतंत्रता देने की संगठनात्मक संस्कृति के कारण समस्या उत्पन्न हुई या व्यक्ति की भ्रष्ट प्रवृत्ति के कारण समस्या उत्पन्न हुई? चर्चा कीजिए।\n(d) जैसा कि इस मामले में बताया गया है, ऐसे अनैतिक व्यवहार को रोकने के लिए कंपनी कौन-से नैतिक तंत्र और उपाय निर्माण और कार्यान्वित कर सकती है? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)\na) इस मामले में कौन-से नैतिक और व्यावसायिक मुद्दे शामिल हैं?\nb) श्री शर्मा और सीईओ के पास कौन-कौन से विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\nc) क्या आपको लगता है कि बिक्री कार्यबल को स्वतंत्रता देने की संगठनात्मक संस्कृति के कारण समस्या उत्पन्न हुई या व्यक्ति की भ्रष्ट प्रवृत्ति के कारण समस्या उत्पन्न हुई? चर्चा कीजिए।\nd) जैसा कि इस मामले में बताया गया है, ऐसे अनैतिक व्यवहार को रोकने के लिए कंपनी कौन-से नैतिक तंत्र और उपाय निर्माण और कार्यान्वित कर सकती है? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","20 अंक","250 शब्दों में"],[50,"(a) What are the ethical and business issues involved in the case?\n(b) What are the options available to Mr. Sharma and the CEO?\n(c) Do you think the organizational culture of giving freedom to the sales force led to the issue or was the individual's corrupt nature that led to the problem? Discuss.\n(d) What ethics mechanisms and steps can the company create and implement to prevent unethical behavior, as mentioned in the case? (Answer in 250 words) 20 marks\na) What are the ethical and business issues involved in the case?\nb) What are the options available to Mr. Sharma and the CEO?\nc) Do you think the organizational culture of giving freedom to the sales force led to the issue or was the individual's corrupt nature that led to the problem? Discuss.\nd) What ethics mechanisms and steps can the company create and implement to prevent unethical behavior, as mentioned in the case?","20","250"],[53,"12 (a) उपरोक्त मामले में कौन-कौन से मुद्दे शामिल हैं?\n(b) आपको क्या लगता है रश्मि को क्या करना चाहिए? क्या रश्मि के लिए स्थानीय प्रशासन को शामिल करना अच्छा विचार होगा? कार्यान्वयन योग्य कार्यवाही का सुझाव दीजिए।\n(c) क्या आपको लगता है कि कंपनियों को उस क्षेत्र की सामाजिक समस्याओं के लिए भी जिम्मेदारी स्वीकार करनी चाहिए जहाँ वे अपना कार्य करती हैं? अगर हाँ तो क्यों, अगर नहीं तो क्यों नहीं?\n(d) श्रमिक संघ की इतनी आक्रामक प्रतिक्रिया के क्या कारण हो सकते हैं? आपके अनुसार रश्मि को कर्मचारी संघ को कैसे संभालना चाहिए?","20 अंक","250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए"],[54,"(a) What are the issues involved in the above case?  \n(b) What do you think Rashmi should do? Would it be a good idea for Rashmi to involve local administration? Suggest an implementable course of action.  \n(c) Do you think companies should also accept responsibility for the social problems of the region where they operate? Why/why not?  \n(d) What could be the reasons for such an aggressive reaction from the workers union? How do you think Rashmi should handle the workers union?  \n(Answer in 250 words) 20 marks","20","250"]]},{"i":931,"t":"Abhinav","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1NwWnQdVwlTHN7FGntGiADsk4gaFM6SM-/view","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) \"Ethics is not just a contemplative discipline. What we believe to be good or bad has implications on our actions.\" Discuss how different schools of ethics help us in making moral decisions.","10","150"],[5,"While one group considers abortion as unmitigated evil, the other sees it as morally acceptable. Analyse various ethical concerns related to abortion and give your opinion on the issue.","10","150"],[7,"2) a) What lessons can be learnt from the life of Mahatma Gandhi for promoting social harmony today's times?","10","150"],[9,"b) What is Kant's categorical imperative? How does it compare with the doctrine of Nishkama Karma?","10","150"],[11,"Q.3. a) Emotional intelligence (EI) not only helps in managing stress but also transforms distress into eustress. Elaborate with relevant examples.","10","150"],[13,"b) Differentiate between the following:\ni. Gratitude and Gratification\nii. Moral myopia vs Moral muteness","10","150"],[15,"Q.4) a) Although attitude and behaviour are interrelated, the former is a predisposition while the latter is an option. Discuss the structure of attitude and explain the relationship between attitude and behaviour.","10","150"],[17,"b) Greed is a bottomless pit which is harmful not only for self but for the entire society. Discuss. How can such negative desires be controlled?","10","150"],[19,"Q.5) What does each of the following quotation mean to you?\na) A man can give up a right, but he may not give up a duty without being guilty of a grave dereliction.","10","150"],[21,"b) Justice without force is futile, force without justice is tyrannical.","10","150"],[23,"Q.6, a) Success may not lead you to happiness, but happiness is definitely the key to success. Discuss this statement based on your understanding of happiness and success.","10","150"],[25,"b) \"To delight in war is a merit in the soldier, a dangerous quality in the captain, and a positive crime in the statesman.\" - George Santayana. Can war be ethically justified? Discuss the moral principles related to war.","10","150"],[27,"c) Education is the kindling of a flame, not the filling of a vessel. What do you understand by this statement? In your opinion, which five values should Indian education system inculcate in every student? Justify your choice.","10","150"],[29,"Q.7 Based on this case study, answer the following:\na) Identify various ethical issues involved in this incident.\nb) In your opinion, whether vaccine mandates are a violation of individual liberty or a reasonable restriction on personal freedom. Justify.\nc) Discuss the ethical responsibility of famous personalities while conducting themselves in public.","20","250"],[30,"इस केस स्टडी के आधार पर, निम्नलिखित के उत्तर दें :\nअ) इस घटना में शामिल विभिन्न नैतिक मुद्दों की पहचान करें।\nब) आपकी राय में, क्या वैक्सीन अधिदेश व्यक्तिगत स्वतंत्रता का उल्लंघन है या व्यक्तिगत स्वतंत्रता पर उचित प्रतिबंध है। औचित्य सिद्ध करें।\nस) सार्वजनिक रूप से स्वयं का संचालन करते समय प्रसिद्ध व्यक्तियों की नैतिक जिम्मेदारी पर चर्चा करें।","","20 अंक"],[32,"1) Vaccination mandate presents the dilemma of infringement on liberty versus ensuring public health","",""],[33,"(c) Ethical responsibilities of famous personalities : -\n1. They should have integrity in their actions, speech, conduct\n2. They need to be ethical in personal life as well as professional life\n3. They should act as role models\n4. They should understand the accelerating impact of their actions\n5. Personalities should follow virtue ethics of courage, temperance to make people follow them","",""],[34,"Q.8) You have recently started working at your dream company. You have hired in the strategies department along with two other new joiners. All of you have just graduated out of college. You have very friendly relations with co-joiners. The three of you have been helping each other at work. The experience of working together has built strong camaraderie between the three of you. Your boss has publicly appreciated the strong team-spirit displayed by you and your colleagues.\nAt the annual review, you have been given a higher pay raise and a more lucrative job profile. The promotion doesn't come as a surprise to you. You have worked beyond office hours more as a rule rather than as an exception. The project you worked at was adjudged 'the best project of the year in business impact' at the annual corporate awards. One of your co-joiners remarks, in presumably good humor, that you should suggest to your boss to allocate similar high impact projects to your friends as well. You also perceive suggestions towards the shared surname being the reason for special affinity of your boss towards you, indicating at the fact that your boss and you have the same caste. You feel hurt but you also try to think about the remarks with an open mind. You assess that the three of you have indeed worked hard with sincerity. One of your friends, in fact, worked very efficiently despite a personal tragedy at home. There was already a salary differential between you and your colleagues based on the pedigree of your college. The higher pay raise to you has expanded the differential pay structure further. You always considered the initial pay differential to be against the principle of equal pay for equal work. But now you feel your friends may not have been given equal opportunities as well.\na) You are inclined to the belief that efforts and talent of your colleagues have been under-appreciated and you start feeling guilty about your promotion.\nb) Based on the given information, discuss the options that are available to you for addressing the guilt. What are the merits and demerits of those choices? Which option would you choose? Justify.","20","250"],[35,"दी गई जानकारी के आधार पर, अपराध-बोध को दूर करने के लिए आपके पास उपलब्ध विकल्पों पर चर्चा करें। उन विकल्पों के गुण और दोष क्या हैं? आप कौन सा विकल्प चुनेंगे? औचित्य सिद्ध कीजिए।","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[39,"Q.9 Consider yourself in Kailash's position and answer the following questions:\na) How will you induce behavioral change to nudge people to move towards eco-friendly products?\nb) What factors will you have to consider while inspiring such a change?","20","250"],[40,"a) आप लोगों को पर्यावरण अनुकूल उत्पादों की ओर बढ़ने हेतु प्रेरित करने के लिए व्यवहार परिवर्तन को कैसे प्रेरित करेंगे?\nb) इस तरह के बदलाव को प्रेरित करते समय आपको किन कारकों पर विचार करना होगा?","20 अंक","250 शब्द"],[44,"Q.10) Ashmita is a respected doctor who runs her own maternity clinic in a small town. She is a mother of two and her husband is also a doctor. Ashmita handles multiple cases of child delivery every day and is known for her compassionate treatment of patients. Her clinic enjoy a good reputation in town.\nAmong other expecting mothers, Shikha, daughter-in-law of an MLA, was admitted to Ashmita's maternity clinic for child birth. The MLA met Ashmita and expressed his confidence in her skills. He requested her to personally take extra care of Shikha, to which Ashmita agreed happily. Shikha unexpectedly went into labour in the early hours the next day. During this time, Ashmita was performing an emergency surgery on another patient, so she could not attend to Shikha. Shikha was taken care of by other qualified doctors and hospital staff. The MLA was visibly unhappy that Ashmita did not attend Shikha herself. Once the emergency surgery was completed, Ashmita joined her staff and attended Shikha. However, Shikha passed away due to excess bleeding from Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) during childbirth. Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is unpredictable heavy bleeding and Ashmita did everything that she could have done to try to save Shikha's life.\nThe MLA blamed Ashmita for Shikha's death. Ashmita was beaten by the MLA and his staff. When her husband tried to save Ashmita, he was dragged out of the hospital and thrashed. A police complaint was also lodged against Ashmita accusing her of murder due to negligence. For many days after the incident, she and her family faced constant harassment by police and supporters of the MLA. Ultimately, Ashmita could not take any more humiliation and committed suicide. The news of suicide by the doctor spread like wildfire. Indian Medical Association took cognizance of the case and warned nationwide strike of doctors if appropriate actions in this case were not taken.\nThe state government has appointed a committee to investigate the matter and recommend suitable actions. You are the Chairperson of this committee. In this scenario, answer the following:\na) Why do doctors face violence in the country?\nb) Identify various moral-ethical and administrative lapses in this case.\nc) What would you recommend in this case? Give rationale behind giving those recommendations.","20","250"],[45,"अ) देश में डॉक्टरों को हिंसा का सामना क्यों करना पड़ता है?\nब) इस मामले में विभिन्न नैतिक-नीति विषयक और प्रशासनिक खामियों की पहचान करें।\nस) इस मामले में आप क्या सुझाव देंगे? उन सिफारिशों को देने के पीछे तर्क दीजिए।","","20 अंक"],[49,"Q.11 On the basis of above case study, answer the following:\na) Identify various ethical dilemmas involved in this case study.\nb) What can be the other options to achieve justice in the given case, apart from demolition of the illegal towers? Evaluate each of these options and suggest the most suitable option.","20","250"],[50,"अ) and ब) अ) इस केस स्टडी में शामिल विभिन्न नैतिक दुविधाओं की पहचान करें।\nब) इस मामले में न्याय प्राप्त करने के लिए अवैध टावरों को गिराने के अलावा और क्या विकल्प हो सकते हैं? इनमें से प्रत्येक विकल्प का मूल्यांकन करें और सबसे उपयुक्त विकल्प सुझाएं।","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[54,"Q.12 Universal Sisterhood of Dreams (USD) is an NGO run by Ms. Anuradha Sen, a popular celebrity. The NGO champions the cause of woman and child rights including issues like trafficking of women and children, bonded labor, child labor, underpaid-forced labor etc. USD has won multiple awards for running a shelter and a rehabilitation programme for victims of human trafficking. Due to the good work and direct involvement of a famous personality like Ms. Anuradha, USD receives substantial donations from corporate houses and philanthropists.\n\nMs. Anuradha also owns a clothing brand 'Sensation' and uses the profits from Sensation for funding USD. The manufacturing of the merchandise sold under the brand has been outsourced to a third party vendor located in a country named Taba. Taba is an under-developed country with weak labor protection laws. The textile industry in Taba is infamous for sweatshops. In these sweatshops working conditions are miserable, labors are paid meager wages for long working hours, child labor and bonded labor is rampant and workplace safety is absent resulting in frequent industrial accidents. Recently, there was a huge fire in a textile factory manufacturing goods for Sensation. Seventeen people including nine children were killed in this fire. After the industrial accident, the issue of exploitation of laborers in Taba became a matter of global debate.\n\nSensation is facing heat and bad publicity on social media because of the use of sweatshops for manufacturing of its products. Ms. Anuradha and even her NGO USD are becoming victims of online trolls. This entire fiasco has negatively impacted the image of her NGO. Many former donors and philanthropists have preferred to disassociate themselves from the USD resulting in fund shortage in the NGO.\n\nMs. Anuradha discusses the entire situation with her financial and legal team. Her legal team tells her that all the relevant laws in Taba were followed by her contractor and the wage paid by it was above the minimum wages prescribed by law. Sensation has done nothing illegal and has no legal liability in this case. But Ms. Anuradha decided that she will ensure that her contractors are paying adequate wages and providing good working conditions to their employees. This can help in not only rebuilding her own reputation and image of USD but also re-attract donors. However, her financial team advises her against this move as it will involve substantial cost for the company. This can lead to a profitable brand turning into a loss-making brand. Further, it will also negatively impact the finances for USD which is already facing a resource crunch. Lack of resources can lead to closure of the shelter home and rehabilitation programme run by her NGO. Now, Ms. Anuradha is in a dilemma about her future course of action.\na) Bring out and discuss various ethical dilemmas faced by Ms. Anuradha in this case.\nb) If you were in her position, how would you approach the problem and what would be your course of action? Justify your choices.","20","250"],[55,"3) इस मामले में सुश्री अनुराधा द्वारा सामना की गई विभिन्न नैतिक दुविधाओं को सामने लाएं और उन पर चर्चा करें।\nb) यदि आप उसकी स्थिति में होते, तो आप समस्या को कैसे देखते और आपकी कार्यशैली क्या होती? अपने विकल्पों का औचित्य सिद्ध करें।","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[56,"(9) Ethical dilemmas of Ms. Annadha\n1. Business interest versus Public interest - Should she ensure proper wage payment to labour, working conditions as that may lead to losses for sensation brand.\n2. Empathy versus Impartiality - Should she have compassion towards workers or she should remain impartial and only be concerned about sensation brand.\n3. Transparency versus Self Interest - Should she allay down concerns by buying","",""]]},{"i":71,"t":"Abhinav Ashok","c":"Forumias","p":"GS3","y":2025,"r":247,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/ABHINAV-ASHOKUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-247-Sample-AWFG-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[2,"Q.1) What are ‘atmospheric rivers’? Discuss their impact on regional climate and human settlements.","10","150"],[3,"Q.6 How are local winds different from planetary winds? Discuss the role of local winds in influencing the climate, agriculture and livelihood in various regions.","15","250"]]},{"i":74,"t":"Abhinav Siwach","c":"Vision","p":"GS1","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/a1b69-305150_2217_abhinav-siwach-rank-12.pdf","q":[[6,"1. With examples, discuss how the cultural traditions from various regions of India get reflected in regional music. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[8,"2. Highlighting the emergence of the working class movement, discuss its contribution towards India's freedom struggle.","10","Answer in 150"],[10,"3. Do you agree with the view that Gandhian politics was, in a sense, a continuation of Tilak's politics? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[12,"4. It is said that the world's oceans are losing their 'memory' due to human-induced warming. Comment. Also, discuss the consequences of the phenomenon.","10","Answer in 150"],[14,"5. What is soil amendment? Evaluate the benefits and concerns associated with it. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"6. It has been suggested that the next decade may see a boom in hybrid power plants. Stating the advantages that such power plants offer, discuss the associated challenges. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[18,"7. What are Van Allen Radiation Belts? Explaining their formation, discuss why there has been a growing focus on their study. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[20,"8. Discuss whether marital rape should be criminalised in India. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[22,"9. What is care economy? Highlight the challenges associated with it and mention the steps taken to address them in India.","10","150"],[24,"10. Post-pandemic India is staring at the challenge of \"learning poverty\". Analyse its implications and discuss a way ahead. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[26,"11. Bring out the evolution of mural traditions in South India. Also, elaborate on their significant characteristics. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[29,"12. Indian nationalism that confronted British imperialism in the 19th century was a product of colonial modernity. Do you agree? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[32,"13. Environmentalism surfaced in the form of many organised movements in post independence India. Discuss.","15","250"],[35,"14. Do you agree with the view that continental blockade was an ill-conceived strategy by Napoleon to conquer Britain through economic means? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[38,"15. What do you understand by the Arctic Paradox? Highlight the spatial distribution of mineral and energy resources in the Arctic region. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[41,"16. Cryosphere changes have a tendency to bring about a devastating impact on the ecosystem and its people. Discuss. Also, enlist measures to tackle this threat. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[44,"17. The frequent instances of urban flooding pose a severe risk to the urban ecosystem in India. Discuss with special emphasis on its impact on the critical infrastructure.","15","Answer in 250"],[47,"18. Sand is not only critical for economic development but also provides crucial ecosystem services. Elaborate. In this context, discuss the importance of sustainable sand mining in India.","15","250"],[50,"19. The challenge of unbridled and unbalanced growth of urban spaces in India necessitates reforms in urban planning and capacity. Discuss. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[53,"20. Feminist movements in India have historically lacked inclusivity, often growing within a limited Western upper-class psyche. Critically discuss.","15","250"]]},{"i":72,"t":"Abhinav Siwach","c":"Vision","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/69f34-305150_2218_abhinav-siwach-rank-12.pdf","q":[[6,"1. Do you agree with the view that time has come to revisit the Seventh Schedule of the Indian Constitution? Discuss with suitable arguments. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[8,"2. Highlighting the advantages of online dispute resolution (ODR) mechanism for justice delivery, discuss the challenges associated with its effective implementation in India.","10","150"],[10,"3. Despite the constitutional division of powers, Centre-state disputes have been a perennial feature of Indian democracy. Discuss with examples. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[12,"4. Do you agree with the view that adopting a framework for lobbying will strengthen participative governance and ease of doing business in India? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[14,"5. Despite the government encouraging open source instead of proprietary technology for government applications, the true potential of Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) and digital platforms remains unrealized. Discuss.","10","150"],[16,"6. As a social safety-valve, non-governmental organisations (NGOs) can be the principal vehicles through which communities voice their concerns. Discuss. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[18,"7. Despite being lauded for its patient centric approach, the implementation of the Mental Healthcare Act, 2017, remains sluggish and mired with various issues. Discuss.","10","150"],[20,"8. Do you agree with the view that time has come to formulate an Urban Employment Guarantee scheme at the national level? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[22,"9. Discuss the relevance of BIMSTEC as a regional organisation to fulfil India's strategic aspirations in the Indian Ocean Region. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[24,"10. Discuss the relevance of the Gujral Doctrine for India with regard to its relations with its immediate neighbours in the present times.","10","150"],[26,"11. Highlight the pivotal role of the \"Officers of Parliament\" in the Indian Parliamentary system. Also, discuss the constitutional and statutory provisions for their impartial functioning.","15","250"],[29,"12. The Finance Commission plays a crucial role in balancing fiscal federalism in India. In this context, examine the recommendations given by the 15th Finance Commission.","15","250"],[32,"13. Critically assess whether according statutory backing to the Model Code of Conduct will contribute towards free and fair elections in India. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[35,"15 The market disruption caused by digital revolution warrants renewed focus and perspective to ensure fair competition in the digital economy. In this light, discuss the need to revamp the Competition Commission of India (CCI).","","250"],[38,"15. There is an urgent need for effective whistle-blowing mechanisms and ensuring that necessary safeguards for the protection of whistle-blowers are established in both public and private spheres in India. Discuss.","15","250"],[41,"State the reasons behind the poor performance of cooperatives in India. Also, discuss the reforms undertaken by the government to overcome the shortcomings. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[44,"17. Public-Private Partnership model, if harnessed properly, has the potential to bridge the gaps in India's healthcare system. Discuss.","15","Answer in 250"],[47,"8. Although the New Education Policy brings with itself a commendable vision, its success will depend on its ability to effectively integrate with the government's other policy initiatives. Discuss.","15","250"],[50,"19. The Indo-Pacific Economic Framework for Prosperity (IPEF) is born from a collective desire to make the Indo-Pacific region an engine of global economic growth. Comment. Also, discuss India's concerns in this context.","15","Answer in 250"],[53,"India needs to identify the priority areas to further the complexities of expanding digital space and New and Emerging Strategic Technologies. Discuss.","","250"]]},{"i":73,"t":"Abhinav Siwach","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/93c7a-305150_2220_abhinav-siwach-rank-12.pdf","q":[[6,"1. (a) The logic of limitless wealth lies in the basic human instinct for furthering self-interest in the form of profit. In this context, do you think there is a possibility of pursuing ethical capitalism?","10","150"],[8,"1. (b) If a law is unjust, a man is not only right to disobey it, he is obligated to do so. Discuss.","10","150"],[10,"2. (a) The capacity of Citizens' Charter to initiate any transformative process is conditioned upon it being appropriately designed and effectively executed. Discuss. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[12,"2. (b) The moral fiber and ethical conduct of public officials not only influence the standard of governance but also their own interests and performance. Elaborate.","10","150"],[14,"3. (a) The ongoing debate on euthanasia poses several ethical questions. Discuss.","10","150"],[16,"3. (b) Foreign aid is a form of neo-colonialism as the economically wealthier countries can exploit the developing countries under the cloak of aid. Examine.","10","150"],[18,"4. (a) Throwing light on the idea of Universal Humanism propounded by Rabindranath Tagore, discuss its contemporary relevance. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[20,"4. (b) Do you agree with the view that it is nature and not nurture which determines the emotional intelligence of a person? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[22,"5. (a) Values that guide public administrators can often compete with each other, owing to their relative importance to the larger public interest. Discuss with examples. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[24,"5. (b) Is it justifiable to say that corruption is a social phenomenon? What are the various ways through which administrative corruption can be tackled?","10","150"],[26,"6. What do each of the following quotations mean to you?\n(a) \"Overcoming poverty is not a task of charity; it is an act of justice.\" Nelson Mandela (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[28,"6. (b) \"I do believe that, where there is only a choice between cowardice and violence, I would advise violence.\" - Mahatma Gandhi (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[30,"6. (c) \"Change does not roll in on the wheels of inevitability, but comes through continuous struggle.\" Martin Luther King Jr (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[32,"7 You are posted as the Commissioner of Police in a metropolitan city where a visiting foreign dignitary, with President-level security cover, is scheduled to visit for an official function. As a part of the security preparedness, it has been decided that no vehicular traffic will be allowed on the route which will be taken by the foreign dignitary to reach the venue of the function in the city. However, just 15 minutes before the arrival of the dignitary, you are informed that a critically-ill patient is stuck on the way to the hospital in a private car along with his family.\n\nIn this situation, answer the following:\n(a) Discuss the issues involved in halting traffic for VIP movement.\n(b) List the options available to you in this situation with their merits and demerits.\n(c) What will be your course of action? Justify with proper reasoning. (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[37,"8 In light of the above, answer the following:\n(a) Identify the challenges faced by transgenders during the different stages of their life.\n(b) Discuss the reasons for the continuing discrimination against transgenders in India despite several initiatives for their upliftment in recent times. (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[42,"9 In the given scenario, answer the following questions:\n(a) Identify the stakeholders and the ethical issues involved in the case.\n(b) What steps will you take to ensure that the enquiry is seen to be fair and impartial?\n(c) Given the challenges that the police forces in India operate under in their day-to-day functioning, suggest some initiatives to address them. (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[47,"10 (a) Discuss the importance of including climate change strategies and diversity and inclusion in a business organisation?\n\n(b) In your opinion, what matters more for a business organisation - socio-environmental concerns or shareholder profit?\n\n(c) How can the two above-mentioned issues be reconciled? (Answer in 250 words)\na) Discuss the importance of including climate change strategies and diversity and inclusion in a business organisation?\nb) In your opinion, what matters more for a business organisation - socio-environmental concerns or shareholder profit?\nc) How can the two above-mentioned issues be reconciled? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[48,"9) importance of climate change and diversity for organisation","",""],[52,"11 You are posted as a Superintendent of Police (SP) in a district where people of different religious communities are living together peacefully. The district is also famous for its architectural heritage and is regularly visited by tourists from all around the world. However, there has been an incident in the nearby state where people of two different communities have started fighting over religious issues. This incident has a spillover effect over the whole country. In your own area of jurisdiction, you have come to know from various sources about circulation of some hate speech videos, which have the potential to destabilise the law and order situation. You are also aware that some outsiders with dubious intentions have started pouring in your district. In one locality, a shopkeeper who had earlier filed a complaint regarding threats he received for posting something on the internet, is found murdered in cold blood. This incident has stunned the nation. You are being informed that hundreds of people of the community to which the shopkeeper belonged are planning to stage a massive protest in your district.\n(a) In the given situation, what are the options available to you to ensure that the law and order situation in the district remains stable. Provide a detailed account of your course of action.\n(b) Do you think the present legal and institutional mechanisms are sufficient to tackle the menace of hate speech in the society? (Answer in 250 words)","",""],[53,"9) Course of action and options available to SP :","",""],[57,"12 In this context, answer the following questions:\n(a) What are the consequences of 'rote learning' on the educational development of young students in the country?\n(b) Suggest measures that can be taken to address this issue. (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"]]},{"i":75,"t":"Abhishek Chauhan","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2025,"r":102,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/ABHISHEK-CHAUHANUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-102-Sample-MGP-Copy-2.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) \"India's democratic roots are deeply embedded in its ancient civilizational ethos.\" Discuss in the context of India being referred to as the 'Mother of Democracy'.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Elucidate the significance of tiger and elephant figures in Indian mythology, art and architecture.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3 The arrival of Lord William Bentinck marked a period of transformation in the British Indian State. Discuss.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) Explain how the American War of Independence deprived Great Britain of one empire, but it strengthened the foundations of another.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) What are Rare Earth Elements (REEs)? Discuss the multi-dimensional implications of uneven distribution of REEs in the world.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) Highlight the salient differences between the Himalayan and the Peninsular drainage Systems.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) Describe the nature and mode of origin of the main types of rock at the earth's crust.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) The alienation of modern lifestyles from nature has contributed to the ongoing environmental crisis in India. Examine.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9) What do you understand by the term 'urbanisation of poverty'? Also, explain how urban poverty differs from rural poverty in India?","10","150"],[21,"Q.10 Globalization has redefined the idea of community and kinship in Indian society. Do you agree? Justify your answer.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11 The flourishing of various art forms during the Kushana period reflects the rich and diverse cultural landscape of the time. What insights does this provide into the socio-cultural aspects of that era?","15","250"],[26,"Q.12 Trace the events that led to the Civil Disobedience Movement. What were its outcomes?","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 Mahatma Jyotirao Phule's reformist ideas played a significant role in shaping the social foundations of the Indian freedom movement. Elaborate.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 The interlinking of rivers offers several benefits, but also raises significant socio-economic and environmental concerns. Analyze.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 Explain the concept of rain shadow effect. How does it influence the distribution of precipitation and vegetation across mountain ranges?","15","250"],[38,"Q.16 Bring out the major features of the Indian monsoon and elaborate upon its causative factors.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 What are the geographical factors responsible for the growth of mangrove vegetation in India? Also highlight its role in coastal ecology.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 To what extent can the rise of 'Kidfluencers' be seen as a reflection of changing family structures and parental aspirations in Indian society?","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 Women often form the backbone of grassroots movements in India, yet they remain largely invisible and excluded from the decision-making process. Examine.","15","250"],[50,"Q.26 Do you agree with the view that social media is a 'double edged sword'? Discuss in the context of its impact on Indian society.","15","250"]]},{"i":78,"t":"Abhishek Chauhan","c":"Vision","p":"GS3","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/0af4a-45845653_4512_abhishek_chauhan_rank_102.pdf","q":[[6,"1. Analyse the factors that have contributed to India's inclusive economic growth in the past decade. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[8,"2. The Reserve Bank of India’s surplus transfers offer the government much-needed fiscal space, yet they are not without challenges. Critically examine the implications of the RBI's surplus transfers to the government.","10","150"],[10,"3. To what extent was the first National Monetization Pipeline (NMP) able to meet its objectives? What are the objectives of the new Asset Monetization Plan 2025-30 as announced in the recent 2025 Budget? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[12,"4. Examine the major challenges hindering the Indian textile industry from achieving its full potential in the global value chain. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[14,"5. Why has India become increasingly import-dependent for edible oils despite being a major agricultural economy? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"6. Air accidents are low-frequency but high-impact events. Examine the disaster management protocols in place for aviation-related emergencies in India. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[18,"7. Chemical pollution poses a grave threat to human health and the environment in India. Discuss the key sources contributing to pervasive chemical contamination and evaluate the effectiveness of existing environmental laws in curbing this problem. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[20,"8. Missile defence systems are becoming critical for national security in the face of evolving regional threats and advanced weapon technologies. Explain the working principle of missile defence systems. Critically assess India's progress in developing indigenous missile defence capabilities.","10","150"],[22,"9. Despite multiple resolutions and initiatives undertaken by the United Nations Security Council (UNSC), its efforts to counter terrorism have achieved limited success. Discuss the reasons for this limited effectiveness. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[24,"10. India practices a 'multi-alignment' approach in its cyber diplomacy. How does this posture strengthen India's internal security while maintaining strategic autonomy? (Answer in 150 words)","","150"],[26,"11. While examining the shortcomings of the land reforms in the past, elaborate what land reforms 2.0 should look like. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[29,"12. As NITI Aayog completes 10 years of its establishment, critically examine its role in the planning and development paradigm of governance in India.","15","250"],[32,"13. What are the primary causes of limited formal credit penetration among the rural and unbanked populations in India? Comment on the effectiveness of Small Finance Banks in addressing this gap and advancing inclusive financial growth.","","250"],[35,"14. To what extent has the Production Linked Incentive Scheme for the food processing industry facilitated value addition, employment generation, and global competitiveness in India's food processing industry? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[38,"15. Waste circularity is emerging as a sustainable solution to India's mounting solid waste crisis. Discuss the key principles of waste circularity and the government's initiative in this regard. How effective have these measures been in fostering a circular economy? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[41,"16. Discuss the importance of integrating traditional ecological knowledge of India's tribal communities with modern disaster management frameworks. Mention two examples where indigenous practices have contributed to disaster resilience. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[44,"17. CRISPR technology has rapidly advanced in recent years, with new tools and clinical breakthroughs. Highlight the recent developments in CRISPR-based gene editing technology applications. Discuss the opportunities and ethical challenges these advancements present for healthcare and society.","15","Answer in 250"],[47,"18. A credible semiconductor ecosystem is pivotal for India's economic security as much as for national security. Analyse the strategic objectives, incentives, and institutional architecture of the India Semiconductor Mission (ISM). Identify the major risks that could derail its timelines.","","250"],[50,"19. Intricate inter-play of diverse factors has been the force multipliers for extremism in the North East. Discuss. Suggest a multilayered strategy to tackle the menace of extremism in this region.","15","250"],[53,"20. Despite recent steps towards inducting women into combat roles, their participation remains low. Examine the key challenges impeding the greater inclusion of women in the Indian armed forces. Also, suggest suitable measures to enhance their participation. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"]]},{"i":76,"t":"Abhishek Chauhan","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":2025,"r":102,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/ABHISHEK-CHAUHANUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-102-Sample-MGP-Copy-5.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) 'Unconscious biases in parenting continue to shape gendered experiences in India.' Do you agree with this view? Discuss.","10","150"],[5,"b) Distinguish between empathy and compassion. Why are they considered as foundational values in public services?","10","150"],[7,"Q.2) a) The current society is witnessing rising levels of intolerance. What are the consequences of this situation for personal well-being and for societal well-being? What can one do at the personal level to become tolerant?","10","150"],[9,"b) What are the main components of emotional intelligence and how does it help an individual in taking ethical decisions?","10","150"],[11,"Q.3 Given below are the three quotations of great thinkers. What do each of these quotations convey to you in the present context?\na) \"This life is short, the vanities of the world are transient, but they alone live who live for others, the rest are more dead than alive.\" - Swami Vivekanand","10","150"],[13,"b) \"If you cry because the sun has gone out of your life, your tears will prevent you from seeing the stars.\" - Rabindranath Tagore","10","150"],[15,"c) \"Two ways of building character cultivating strength to challenge oppression, and tolerate the resultant hardships that give rise to courage and awareness.\" - Sardar Patel","10","150"],[17,"Q.4) a) \"With great power comes great responsibility.\" In the present context, 'Big Tech' headquartered in developed countries wield disproportionate influence over digital infrastructure, personal data, and global narratives—often prioritising profit over ethical considerations. What ethical principles should guide such corporations in building a fair, inclusive, and just global digital framework?","10","150"],[19,"b) What do you understand by the term 'crisis of conscience'? Describe an incident from your life where you experienced such a crisis. How did you deal with it?","10","150"],[20,"WHAT I DID?","",""],[21,"Q.5) a) \"A politics of confession that encourages politicians and parties to confess and offer regret for their errors can surely be a cathartic experience.\" Examine the statement from the ethical point of view.","10","150"],[23,"b) What are the key objectives of the Right to Information Act, 2005? Examine the ethical concerns associated with certain provisions of the Digital Personal Data Protection Act in realizing the objectives of the RTI Act.","10","150"],[25,"Q.6) a) Public spaces serve as arenas of democratic participation and civic expression. Yet in India, they remain deeply gendered, with many women largely confined to the private and domestic sphere. Examine the factors that restrict women's access to public spaces. How can ethical governance help address the issue of gendered spatial control and promote inclusivity in public spaces?","10","150"],[27,"b) Write short notes on the following in 30 words each:\ni) Ethical fading\nii) Conflict of interest\niii) Persuasion\niv) Work culture\nv) Corporate governance","10 marks, 150","30 words each"],[29,"Q.7) A State Government in the northeastern part of the country has launched a series of anti-encroachment drives across forest areas, wetlands, and revenue lands. Under the directions of the Chief Minister, the administration has intensified efforts to reclaim public land, particularly in areas reserved for ecological protection and critical infrastructure development. Most of the time, these actions have been backed by court orders and have resulted in the recovery of thousands of hectares of land. However, in certain regions, the implementation of such drives is fraught with social and political complexities. In several districts, settlements have existed for decades and are inhabited by marginalized communities with limited access to legal rights or formal rehabilitation measures. These areas are often politically sensitive and influenced by local leaders and pressure groups.\nSimanta is posted as Additional Deputy Commissioner (ADC) in one such district. Over the past year, the district administration has attempted to align eviction measures with welfare outreach, including the provision of temporary shelters, relocation assistance, and public consultations. Recently, a major operation was scheduled to clear encroachments from over 140 hectares of forest land within a Reserved Forest, primarily to curb rising instances of human-elephant conflict and to restore ecological balance. Anticipating eviction, some residents approached the High Court seeking a stay. However, the court refused to grant it and directed the administration to proceed with the eviction following due process. Notices were served, and a detailed roadmap was prepared to carry out the operation, which was expected to last 2-3 days due to the scale and remote location. On the first day, Simanta led a team comprising forest officials, municipal workers, and police personnel. Demolitions were conducted peacefully and without major resistance. However, on the second day, when the team returned to the site, a large group of agitated residents—primarily women and children—had gathered. They raised slogans and formed human chains to prevent further evictions. The atmosphere grew tense when some individuals began throwing stones, resulting in serious injury to a municipal worker. The crowd grew increasingly volatile and emotionally charged, demanding an immediate halt to the operation. The police contingent present on the ground was outnumbered by the crowd. Faced with this crisis, some team members pleaded with Simanta to call off the operation, fearing threats to their life and the possibility of a violent escalation. Simanta attempted to contact his superior officer (the Deputy Commissioner), but due to poor mobile connectivity in the forested area, communication could not be established. Meanwhile, several local journalists had arrived and begun reporting on the incident. Simanta is in a dilemma as to what to do.\na. Evaluate the options available with Simanta to cope with the situation.\nb. Which of the above options would be the most appropriate for Simanta and why?\nc. What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by Simanta?\nd. Examine the qualities of a public servant which will be required to manage such situations.","20","250"],[30,"a. स्थिति से निपटने के लिए सिमंता के पास उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन करें।\nb. सिमंता के लिए सबसे उपयुक्त होगा और क्यों?\nc. सिमंता को किन नैतिक दुविधाओं का सामना करना पड़ रहा है?\nd. ऐसी परिस्थितियों का प्रबंधन करने के लिए एक लोक सेवक के गुणों का परीक्षण करें।\na स्थिति से निपटने के लिए सिमंता के पास उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन करें।\nb सिमंता के लिए सबसे उपयुक्त होगा और क्यों?\nc सिमंता को किन नैतिक दुविधाओं का सामना करना पड़ रहा है?\nd ऐसी परिस्थितियों का प्रबंधन करने के लिए एक लोक सेवक के गुणों का परीक्षण करें।","20 अंक","250 शब्द"],[34,"Q.8) Megha is a first-year sociology student at a reputed college in the national capital. She is originally from Tadchiroli, a tribal village in a western Indian state. Megha's family migrated to the city when she was seven years old and had not visited their village since. Though Megha has fond memories of her childhood there, she never deeply understood the customs and traditions of the region. One day, Megha expresses her wish to visit Tadchiroli. Her father agrees and asks her to inform Ratan, her paternal uncle, who still lives in the village with his family. Megha informs Ratan and travels to the village during a semester break. Upon arrival, she receives a warm welcome from Ratan and his family. Later, Ratan invites her to attend a local festival. During the event, Megha notices that her cousin Rinki is missing. Curious, she asks Ratan's wife Ratna why Rinki is not at the festival. Ratna explains that Rinki is on her period, and as per tradition, menstruating girls must stay separately in small huts built specifically for the purpose. Locally known as 'kurma ghars', they are generally located on the periphery of the village, near a river or pond. She further adds that these girls are not allowed to enter the main house or participate in any social or religious activities. Megha is taken aback. She asks whether all women follow this practice. Ratna nods and says it has been the custom for generations. Even schoolgirls stay in these huts and miss classes during their periods. Ratna admits that many in the village, including herself, never questioned the practice. The explanation unsettles Megha. She finds it hard to believe that a natural biological function leads to such exclusion. Before returning to the city, Megha observes that even educated family members seem to accept and follow these customs. The experience leaves a deep impact on her. She starts reading more about menstrual taboos and their impact on women's health, dignity, and education. As a sociology student, she recognises how such traditions are linked to patriarchy and social stigma. She begins to reflect on what she can do at her level to improve the current situation, without alienating the community or disrespecting its traditions.\na. Suggest a course of action Megha can take to sensitize her village community without appearing disrespectful or confrontational.\nb. What ethical principles and methods should guide her actions while engaging with the community?\nc. How is menstruation related to human rights?","20","250"],[39,"Q.9 Gopal is an 80-year-old man living in a remote and an underdeveloped village in a Central Indian state. He had been residing in a small mud house for years. When he came to know about the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana-Gramin (PMAY-G), he saw a glimmer of hope for a pucca house in the last phase of his life. However, the village sarpanch and panchayat secretary told him that to be eligible under the scheme, he must first demolish his existing house so that during a site inspection, no structure would be visible at the location. Subsequently, Gopal demolished his shelter and began living under a babool tree. For nearly six months, he has been staying in the open, braving harsh weather conditions. During this time, he has repeatedly visited the panchayat office but has been told that his application cannot be processed as he lacks the necessary documents.\nYou are the officer-in-charge of implementing PMAY-G in the district. The case of Gopal reaches you through a prominent newspaper report. You personally visit him to understand the situation on the ground. After meeting him and listening to his account, you feel that he certainly needs support. Your enquiries confirm that he is truly destitute and living in a pitiable condition under the open sky. It is also established that he demolished his house based on a faulty interpretation of the scheme by panchayat officials. However, he has no documents to show that he fulfils the eligibility criteria under the scheme.\nNow you are in a dilemma. Including him under the scheme without the necessary documents would clearly be a violation of rules. But denying him support would be cruel and inhuman.\na. Can you think of a rational way to resolve this dilemma?\nb. Give your reasons for it.\nc. What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?","20","250"],[44,"Q.10) You are working as an Assistant Section Officer in the District Development and Panchayat Office. One day, one of your close colleagues approaches you in deep distress. She tells you that her father is suffering from a severe liver condition, and the doctors have clearly stated that he must undergo liver transplant immediately in order to survive. She shares that she has no health insurance, and the surgery would cost around Rs 15 lakh. You are aware that her husband passed away a few years ago, and that she also has a four-year-old son with special needs. Just a few weeks ago, she also lost all her savings in a digital arrest scam. As a widow from a lower middle-class family, her options are extremely limited. Although you feel deeply empathetic, you are unable to offer financial assistance, as you do not have the resources to help.\nA few weeks later, you enquire about her father's health. She informs you that the liver transplant surgery was successful and that her father is now recovering steadily. Relieved, you ask how she managed to arrange the funds. Hesitantly, she confides that the District Development and Panchayat Officer (DDPO) helped her. Moved by her situation, the DDPO facilitated the release of Rs 15 lakh from the fund allocated to a rural sanitation scheme. The implementation of this scheme had been put on hold for a year due to technical issues and pending site approvals. She explains that the amount was provided on the assurance of strict confidentiality and with a commitment to repay it at the earliest. She expresses deep gratitude for the DDPO's timely help, which she believes saved her father's life. She has already begun repaying the money and will continue to do so until it is all returned.\na. Discuss the ethical issues involved in the case.\nb. Examine the behavior of DPDO from an ethical point of view.\nc. How would you react to the situation?","20","20"],[49,"Q.11) Nithin is the head of the Marketing Department at Pehnava Clothings Ltd., a reputed apparel manufacturing company with a strong global presence. Known for its professionalism and consistent performance, the company had earned a credible name in both domestic and international markets. However, the firm was going through difficult times. For three consecutive quarters, it had witnessed a steep decline in sales. This trend had raised serious concerns among the top management regarding the company's competitiveness, profitability, and long-term stability. To address the situation, the leadership decided to restructure the marketing division and bring in dynamic leadership. A senior marketing executive, Mr. A, was hired after a rigorous selection process. He had an impressive career record and was known for turning around sales performance in other firms and building strong brand identities. With high expectations placed upon him, Mr. A was seen as the key figure to steer the company out of crisis. Mr. A soon began delivering results. Within a year, the company's revenue had almost doubled, and its brand visibility had increased significantly. His bold marketing strategies, proactive outreach, and innovative campaigns received appreciation from various quarters within the company. His performance drew the attention of the top management. There were deliberations about assigning him a larger role within the company, with a focus on long-term business strategy. He was also being considered for an internal award for 'Excellence in Leadership and Innovation'. However, alongside professional success of Mr. A, Nithin began receiving troubling feedback about his conduct in the workplace. Informal reports indicated that he frequently made inappropriate comments about women. In addition, he regularly sent indecent messages via social media apps to all team members, including his female colleagues. Although no formal complaint was lodged initially, Nithin could sense tension within the team, and signs of discomfort were becoming increasingly apparent. Some employees even started avoiding direct interaction with Mr. A. Team morale and interpersonal trust were gradually eroding, but employees remained hesitant to speak openly. The matter escalated one evening when Mrs. X, one of Mr. A's team members approached Nithin. Visibly disturbed and emotionally shaken, she disclosed that Mr. A had repeatedly engaged in inappropriate behavior towards her. She added that Mr. A had been making undesirable advances towards her and had even tried to touch her inappropriately in his cabin. She urged Nithin to take appropriate action in the matter, or else she would have no option but to resign from her position.\na. Bring out the ethical issues involved in this case.\nb. What are the options available to Nithin?\nc. Critically examine each of the options identified by Nithin.\nd. Which of the options, do you think, would be more appropriate for Nithin to adopt and why?","20","250"],[50,"a. इस मामले में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों को स्पष्ट करें।\nb. नितिन के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\nc. नितिन द्वारा पहचाने गए प्रत्येक विकल्प का आलोचनात्मक परीक्षण करें।\nd. नितिन के लिए कौन सा विकल्प अपनाना अधिक उपयुक्त होगा और क्यों?\na इस मामले में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों को स्पष्ट करें।\nb नितिन के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\nc नितिन द्वारा पहचाने गए प्रत्येक विकल्प का आलोचनात्मक परीक्षण करें।\nd नितिन के लिए कौन सा विकल्प अपनाना अधिक उपयुक्त होगा और क्यों?","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[55,"Q.12) You are appointed as an officer heading the Air Quality Compliance Division of the Environment Pollution Control Board in Delhi-NCR. The region is witnessing alarming levels of air pollution, which typically worsen during the winter months due to various meteorological and anthropogenic factors. The situation has led to severe public health concerns, particularly affecting vulnerable groups such as the elderly, children, and those with respiratory illnesses. The Supreme Court has also raised serious concern over the deteriorating air quality in Delhi-NCR and has directed the administration to take immediate and effective measures to control pollution, especially during the winter months. Your jurisdiction has a large number of small and medium-scale industries that were granted environmental clearance over the years. These industries form the backbone of the local economy and provide employment to a significant number of migrant workers. However, recent inspections and air quality monitoring reports indicate that a significant number of these units are operating in violation of prescribed air emission norms. As part of targeted measures to curb air pollution, you issued notices to all identified polluting units, directing them to apply for fresh environmental clearance certificates from the competent authority. However, your decision triggered strong opposition from a section of industrial units, labour unions, and local politicians. Industrial owners argued that such action would lead to production shutdowns, financial losses, and shortages of their products in the market. Labour unions and workers also protested, fearing mass unemployment and livelihood insecurity. Local politicians and vested interests accused you of jeopardising the socio-economic stability of the region. You received representations from various quarters urging you to withdraw the notices and not initiate harsh measures, citing the interests of multiple stakeholders. Additionally, you began receiving anonymous threats, aimed at coercing you into reversing your decision. On the other hand, several of your colleagues supported your stance, encouraging you to act in the larger public interest. Several local NGOs and environmental groups rallied behind your actions, demanding the immediate closure of polluting units.\na. Under the given conditions, what are the options available to you?\nb. Critically evaluate each of the options listed by you.\nc. What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by you?","","20"]]},{"i":77,"t":"Abhishek Chauhan","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/32c5c-45845653_4513_abhishek_chauhan_rank_102.pdf","q":[[6,"1. (a) Compassion is the courageous choice to feel another's suffering as one's own, and to act upon it, even when silence is safer and indifference is easier. Examine the significance of compassion as an essential ethical value for civil servants in India. Illustrate your answer with suitable examples.","10","150"],[8,"1. (b) Marriages in India are transitioning from traditional sacramental unions to more autonomous relationships, reflected in live-in relationships and rising divorce rates. Discuss the ethical dimensions of these changes.","10","150"],[10,"2. (a) While accountability often necessitates documentation, an overemphasis on bureaucratic procedures and excessive paperwork can inadvertently silence the very voices that public policy intends to empower, particularly at the grassroots. Examine the above statement with suitable illustrations.","10","150"],[12,"2. (b) The principle of impartiality may conflict with the need for compassion towards marginalized communities. Discuss in the context of civil services in India.","10","Answer in 150"],[14,"3. (a) What do each of the following quotations mean to you?\n “The strength of a nation derives from the integrity of the home.” - Confucius (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"3. (b) \"Act only according to that maxim through which you can at the same time will that it become a universal law.\" - Immanuel Kant (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[18,"3. (c) \"We are not only responsible for what we do, but also for what we fail to do\" - Molière. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[20,"4. (a) Patriotism encourages ethical questioning, while nationalism often suppresses it. Discuss this statement in light of the formation of political attitudes during high-pressure national events. How can individuals develop moral attitudes that balance national interest with ethical reasoning? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[22,"4. (b) Discuss how employee well-being and fairness can be balanced with efficiency and profitability in private organisations.","10","Answer in 150"],[24,"5. (a) Do you agree that excessive use of social media and emerging AI technologies may lead to a decline in emotional regulation and moral sensitivity among adolescents? Justify your answer.","10","150"],[26,"5. (b) In light of the increasing incidents of suicides among students in India, discuss how Emotional Intelligence (EI) can aid in managing stress and emotional challenges.","10","150"],[28,"6. (a) In public service, emotional intelligence is not about suppressing emotion, but mastering its purpose — to connect, to de-escalate, and to uplift others with empathy and strength. Do you agree with this view? Discuss.","10","150"],[30,"6. (b) An efficient work culture is built not only on rules, but on shared values. In this context, evaluate the role of leadership and team dynamics in transforming work culture within an organization.","10","150"],[32,"7 You are posted as the Joint Secretary in the Department of Information Technology of a state. The government recently implemented several citizen-centric digital services, collecting large volumes of personal data from residents. The Digital Personal Data Protection (DPDP) Act, 2023, requires that such data be processed only with explicit and informed consent, and mandates that processing must cease immediately upon withdrawal of consent.\nDuring an internal audit, you discover that the department continues to process and analyze personal data of several citizens even after they have formally withdrawn their consent. This data is being used for policy analytics and service improvement, purposes not explicitly disclosed at the time of data collection. When you bring this to the attention of your department head, you are informed that halting the processing will disrupt ongoing digital initiatives and may affect state-level performance metrics. Moreover, you find that the consent withdrawal process is cumbersome, and many citizens are unaware of their rights under the DPDP Act.\nYou also learn that a prominent social activist is planning to file a complaint with the Data Protection Board against involuntary use of personal data, which could attract public scrutiny and legal action against the department.\n(a) Identify and discuss the ethical issues involved in this case.\n(b) What are the potential consequences for the department if the issue is not addressed transparently?\n(c) How would you balance the need for efficient public service delivery with the obligation to protect citizens’ data rights? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[37,"8 You are an IAS officer, currently serving as the Secretary of the Public Works Department in a hill state. Recently, a disturbing incident has come to light involving a senior Cabinet Minister and two engineers of the National Highways Authority of India (NHAI). During an inspection of a critical highway project, the Minister was allegedly seen on video physically assaulting and verbally abusing the engineers in full public view. The video, recorded by bystanders, went viral on social media and was widely covered by television channels, sparking both outrage and support from different sections of society. The Minister later defended his actions, alleging that the officials were corrupt, unresponsive to local grievances, and responsible for inordinate delays in the project. He insisted that his actions were driven by public frustration and the urgency of delivering infrastructure to a remote region.\n\nHowever, the engineers have filed a police complaint and written to their superiors, claiming they were targeted for resisting political pressure to award contracts to specific local contractors linked to the Minister. As the situation escalated, a union of NHAI engineers declared a strike,\n(a) इस प्रकरण में शामिल प्रमुख नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं? हितधारकों और उनके परस्पर विरोधी हितों की पहचान कीजिए।\n(b) लोक निर्माण विभाग के सचिव के रूप में, आप उपयुक्त स्थिति में क्या कार्रवाई करेंगे?\n(c) ऐसी घटनाएं सिविल सेवकों के मनोबल और शासन में जनता के विश्वास को कैसे प्रभावित करती हैं? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250"],[38,"(a) What are the key ethical issues involved in this situation? Identify the stakeholders and their conflicting interests.\n(b) As the Secretary of the PWD, what actions will you take in above situation?\n(c) How do such incidents affect the morale of civil servants and public trust in governance? (Answer in 250 words)\na) What are the key ethical issues involved in this situation? Identify the stakeholders and their conflicting interests.\nb) As the Secretary of the PWD, what actions will you take in above situation?\nc) How do such incidents affect the morale of civil servants and public trust in governance?","20","250"],[42,"9 You are the Secretary in the Department of Personnel and Training (DoPT), Government of India. In recent years, an increasing number of civil servants, particularly younger officers from the IAS, IPS, and IRS, have begun maintaining personal YouTube channels and social media pages. On these platforms, they regularly post videos related to their official work — showcasing innovative projects, public outreach initiatives, inspection drives, and sometimes even day-to-day administrative duties.\n\nThese videos often receive widespread public attention, and many viewers express admiration, saying such content enhances transparency, motivates aspirants, and humanizes the bureaucracy. However, concerns have also emerged from various quarters. Senior officers argue that such content may blur the boundaries between personal branding and public service, while some citizens and media commentators point to instances where videos feature vulnerable beneficiaries without consent, raise concerns about misuse of official premises, or seem designed more for personal popularity than public accountability.\n\nYou have been asked to prepare a report with recommendations to maintain a balance between transparency, institutional integrity, and communication in the changing landscape of official social media use, including disciplinary measures.\n(a) Identify the ethical issues involved in civil servants publicly showcasing their official work on social media platforms.\n(b) Do such efforts promote awareness and motivation, or do they compromise anonymity, neutrality, and the collective spirit of public service? Give your opinion.\n(c) As Secretary, suggest guiding principles and policy measures to ensure accountable digital participation by civil servants. (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[43,"You have been asked to prepare a report with recommendations to balance public interest, institutional integrity, and evolving modes of communication.\n(a) Identify the ethical issues involved in civil servants publicly showcasing their official work on social media.\n(b) Do such practices promote awareness and motivation, or do they compromise the values of anonymity, neutrality, and collective service ethos? Give your opinion.\n(c) As the Secretary, what guiding principles and policy recommendations would you suggest to ensure responsible digital engagement by civil servants? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[47,"10 You are the Director of the National Bioethics Commission who is responsible for assessing the ethical feasibility and oversight of a nationwide gene sequencing program. The project named GeneFuture, aims to sequence the DNA of every newborn child and store it in a centralized national database. The objective is to identify genetic predispositions to serious diseases early in life, allowing for preventive treatment and personalized medicine. Over 100,000 babies have already been enrolled in the pilot phase of the program. The government claims that this move is a landmark step in public health advancement.\n\nHowever, collection of newborn genetic data raises significant ethical concerns, particularly around informed consent, which may not fully capture parents' understanding of the long-term risks involved. Once gathered, this sensitive data could be misused for purposes such as surveillance, insurance discrimination, or commercial marketing by third parties. Uncertainty over data ownership—whether it lies with the state, parents, or the individual as they mature—further complicates the issue. The involvement of private tech and pharmaceutical companies heightens fears of commercial exploitation, especially in the absence of clear mechanisms for individuals to withdraw consent or delete their genetic information upon reaching adulthood.\n(a) What are the ethical issues you perceive in the implementation of the GeneFuture program?\n(b) Identify the conflicting interests of different stakeholders in this case.\n(c) What guiding ethical principles would you recommend for implementation of this project? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[52,"11 You are a dedicated District Health Officer (DHO) with a strong commitment to evidence-based public health practices, recently assigned to a remote district in India. Your immediate and most critical task is to lead a crucial district-wide Measles-Rubella (MR) vaccination drive, aimed at achieving 100% immunization coverage among children aged 9 months to 15 years. The success of this drive is vital for the collective health of thousands of children and for the district's overall health indicators, especially with the impending monsoon season posing additional health challenges.\n\nHowever, in one of the largest and most traditional villages in your district, you encounter formidable resistance. The villagers, deeply influenced by the pronouncements of a revered local spiritual guru, strongly believe that vaccination is an attack on their souls and an attempt by external forces to control their population. This guru, who is actually a shrewd but misguided individual, publicly advises his followers to oppose the vaccination campaign. He cites alleged 'failures' and ancient prophecies as evidence. Despite widespread awareness campaigns, vaccination camps in the village have been almost completely boycotted. Your health workers, some of whom are locals, face social ostracism and even physical threats. The state health department is under immense pressure to meet vaccination targets and has warned that failure to do so will have serious consequences. The department has also instructed that force should not be used under any circumstances as it may cause public unrest. Meanwhile, a large annual fair is about to be held, which will attract people from many villages and areas. If this village remains unvaccinated, the spread of MR could be rapid and severe, posing a serious threat to the entire district and beyond.\n\n(a) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the above scenario.\n(b) What immediate alternatives do you have to calm this resistance?\n(c) What long-term strategies and systemic improvements would you suggest to counter widespread superstition and promote scientific thinking for better public health outcomes? (Answer in 250 words)\na) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the above scenario.\nb) What immediate alternatives do you have to calm this resistance?\nc) What long-term strategies and systemic improvements would you suggest to counter widespread superstition and promote scientific thinking for better public health outcomes? (250 words)","","250"],[53,"(a) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the above case.\n(b) What are the immediate options available to you to overcome this resistance?\n(c) What long-term strategies and systemic reforms would you suggest to address the pervasive influence of superstition and foster a scientific temperament for sustainable public health outcomes? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[57,"12 (a) आपके समक्ष विद्यमान संभावित प्रशासनिक और नैतिक दुविधाएं क्या हैं?\n(b) आपके लिए उपलब्ध सभी विकल्पों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\n(c) आप अपने निर्णय का नैतिक औचित्य सिद्ध करते हुए कौन-सी व्यापक कार्यवाही करेंगे? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)\na) आपके समक्ष विद्यमान संभावित प्रशासनिक और नैतिक दुविधाएं क्या हैं?\nb) आपके लिए उपलब्ध सभी विकल्पों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\nc) आप अपने निर्णय का नैतिक औचित्य सिद्ध करते हुए कौन-सी व्यापक कार्यवाही करेंगे? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250 शब्दों में"],[58,"(a) What are the potential administrative and ethical dilemmas you face?\n(b) Discuss all options available to you.\n(c) What comprehensive course of action would you choose to adopt, providing ethical justification for your decision? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"]]},{"i":79,"t":"Abhishek Kumar Jha","c":"Forumias","p":"Essay","y":2025,"r":231,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/ABHISHEK-KUMAR-JHAUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-231-Sample-ESSAY-2-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Write two essays, choosing one topic from each of the following Section A and B in about 1000 - 1200 words each.\n1. True leadership lies in serving not ruling.\n2. Democracy is not just the right to vote, it is the right to live in dignity.\n3. Growing regional aspirations and demand for greater autonomy: A challenge to Indian federalism.\n4. The ballot is stronger than the bullet.\n1. The great aim of education is not knowledge but action.\n2. The global south must redefine development through cooperation and justice.\n3. There is no health without mental health.\n4. If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich.","125*2 = 250","about 1000 - 1200 words each"]]},{"i":80,"t":"Abhishek Kumar Jha","c":"Forumias","p":"Essay","y":2025,"r":231,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/ABHISHEK-KUMAR-JHAUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-231-Sample-ESSAY-2.pdf","q":[[15,"\"Judge a man by his questions, rather than his answers\"","",""]]},{"i":81,"t":"Abhishek Kumar Jha","c":"Forumias","p":"GS1","y":2025,"r":231,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/ABHISHEK-KUMAR-JHAUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-231-Sample-MGP-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) Why do the Middle Gangetic plains remain relatively underdeveloped despite having abundant water resources, fertile soil, and favorable demography? (10 Marks, 150 Words)\n\nQ.2) Despite belonging to the same mountain range, the Eastern and Western Himalayas exhibit significant differences. Elaborate. (10 marks, 150 words)\n\nQ.3) What are local winds? Discuss their impact on associated regions, citing examples from different parts of the world. (10 Marks, 150 Words)\n\nQ.4) The Indian monsoon is being increasingly characterized by extreme weather events ranging from prolonged dry spells to torrential precipitation. In this context, discuss the factors contributing to the variability of the Indian monsoon. (10 Marks, 150 Words)\n\nQ.5) Explain the relevance of green tourism for sustainable development of mountain ecosystem in the country. (10 Marks, 150 Words)\n\nQ.6) Rare Earth Elements (REE) are rightly referred to as the 'Vitamins of Modern Industry,' but their uneven distribution across the world has wide-ranging implications. Elaborate. (10 Marks, 150 Words)\n\nQ.7) Discuss the continental drift theory with special emphasis on the forces and evidence on which the theory is based. Also, state its limitations. (10 marks, 150 words)","10","150"],[4,"Q.8 Intercaste marriages between castes which have socio-economic parity have increased, to some extent, but this is less true of interreligious marriages. Discuss.","10","150"],[5,"Q.16 Briefly describe the process of tide formation and differentiate between tides and waves.","15","250"],[10,"Q3 Local winds are the winds caused due to pressure difference over a small region locally.\n Their impact on associated regions:","",""],[12,"Q.4 The Indian monsoon has become increasingly erratic, with North East seeing deficit, while the North West seeing excess rainfall.","",""],[18,"Q7 Continental Drift Theory was proposed by Wegener to explain how paleo-climate varied between disparate continents","",""],[32,"Qn 13 Southern states show remarkably low TFR of around 1-1.5, indicating the undergoing demographic transition - low fertility rates and ageing population. Impact on Regional Economic Growth:\n(1) Increase in Capital and Technology intensive industry due to low human labour. Eg R & D\n(2) Development of Grey economy - to involve the ageing population in economy\n(3) Increased migration from other areas to provide for services and labour. Eg from Northern states.","",""],[49,"6 Exacerbate adverse impacts of climate change by disruption of Walker circulation.\n7 Fluctuations in global food prices due to productivity shocks.","",""]]},{"i":82,"t":"Abhishek Kumar Jha","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":2025,"r":231,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/ABHISHEK-KUMAR-JHAUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-231-Sample-MGP-3.pdf","q":[[13,"(b) This thought is relevant to:\n1) Instigate social change - Had kash not expressed anger, would the social order ever accept his point of view?","",""],[17,"Q1 (a) How it causes desired change ?","",""],[27,"8 (a) The ethical issues involved in this case are:\n(i) Disobeying the law by the biker and the councillor.\n(ii) Dereliction of duty by the policeman.\n(iii) Nonchalant attitude of bystanders.\n(iv) Integrity of policeman.\n(v) Crisis of conscience - Gawker.\n(vi) Non violence vs violence.\n(vii) Humanity & disregard.\n(viii) Elite & Entitled attitude of the councillor.","",""],[28,"Measures to Reduce incidents of road rage:\n1) Strict enforcement of law without fear or favour.\n2) Use of technology to identify and punish wrongdoers.\n3) Social 'Naming' and shaming of such individuals.","",""],[42,"12 (a) Reason for negative attitude towards wearing helmets is:\n(i) Sense of Machismo - a false understanding of courage and bravery\n(ii) Belief that they are the best riders - and no harm can come to them.\n(iii) Thinking that riding with helmet restricts enjoyment of scenery and views.\n(iv) Showing others that they are fearless, and do not require additional protection.","",""]]},{"i":84,"t":"Abhishek O","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2025,"r":336,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/OZARDE-ABHISHEK-ABHAY-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-336-Sample-MGP-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) Societal apathy towards mental health issues has resulted in the marginalization of individuals dealing with mental disorders. Elaborate and suggest measures to bring mental health concerns from the periphery into the mainstream.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Critically assess the role of microfinance in satisfactorily addressing the interconnected challenges of poverty and unemployment.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) Though grand in their intent, the legislative measures for protection of vulnerable populations have become handicapped due to implementational bottlenecks. Comment, with special reference to SC/ST (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) What are the reasons behind the limited success of the co-operative movement? How can co-operatives be made more effective in fostering rural development?","10","150"],[11,"Q.5 Leveraging real-time data in policymaking has become indispensable for achieving good governance. In this context, analyse the role of e-governance in enhancing the effectiveness of developmental policies.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6 In civil services, what should matter are - capabilities, merit and talent. In this context, examine the relevance of lateral entry in civil services in face of various apprehensions.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) India must exercise stabilizing influence in its difficult neighborhood to effectively safeguard national interest. Comment.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) ASEAN serves the twin purpose of developing India's Northeast and augmenting the country's reach in the Southeast Asian region. Comment.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9 The realization of a successful Asian century is premised upon stable India-China relations. Comment.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10) Do you think NATO as a system of US-led collective security for Europe is relevant in an increasingly multipolar world? Justify your answer.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11) Increased penetration of mobile network, internet infrastructure, and smart phones have made m-governance the pivot of the welfare programmes of the government, but it poses challenges of exclusion. Discuss.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12) The distinct characteristics of the Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) and the government create a unique symbiosis in improving the governance and developmental process in the country. Discuss.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 Critically examine the utility of the social audit framework in bringing the governance process closer to the people.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 Eradication of chronic malnutrition calls for an all-encompassing approach. In this context, throw light on the importance of nutrition-specific and nutrition-sensitive approaches for achieving the goal of Zero Hunger.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 Evaluate the efficacy of digital interventions in transforming the educational infrastructure of the country.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16) The role of the civil service is not limited to the mere welfare of the people but extends to the realm of upholding the spirit of the constitution. Elaborate.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 India has a pride of place among the comity of nations with strong credentials in the arena of soft power. Identifying the key attributes of India's soft power, assess the extent to which it has been leveraged in India's foreign policy matrix.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 BRICS can serve as a platform for shaping a post-Western global order, but the potential of the grouping is held back by internal contradictions. Examine.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19) Enumerate the factors that make Indo-Pacific a theatre of opportunity for India. What are the impediments in reaping the geo-strategic potential of the Indo-Pacific?","15","250"],[50,"Q.20) The latent potential of the India-EU strategic partnership is deterred due to a slew of factors. Elaborate.","15","250"]]},{"i":83,"t":"Abhishek O","c":"Forumias","p":"GS3","y":2025,"r":336,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/OZARDE-ABHISHEK-ABHAY-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-336-Sample-AWFG-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[2,"Q.1) Compare and contrast the Engineering Procurement Construction (EPC), Build Operate Transfer (BOT), and Hybrid Annuity Model (HAM) models of investment in the context of India’s infrastructural needs.\nQ.2) Discuss the significance of the Rapid Rail Transit Systems (RRTS) in serving as an integrated, mass transit network ensuring balanced and sustainable urban development\nQ.3) Despite significant growth in power generation capacity, India continues to grapple with power shortages and blackouts. Critically analyze the factors responsible for the gap between power generation and supply.\nQ.4) What key challenges hinder the efficient generation and utilization of solar energy in India? Mention the initiatives offered by the government in this regard.\nQ.5) Discuss the significance of the Dedicated Freight Corridors (DFCs) for India's economic growth. What are the main challenges in their implementation? Suggest measures to overcome these challenges\nQ.6) How far do you agree that policy and infrastructure shortfalls have caused the Indian ports to lag behind their regional and global counterparts? Give remedies to address the challenges faced by the port sector.\nQ.7) Evaluate the role of PM-Gatishakti and National Infrastructure Pipeline (NIP) in infrastructure development of the country?","",""],[5,"Q.2) Rapid Rail Transit Systems (RRTS) is very important component in sustainable urban development: significance of RRTS","",""],[17,"Q.7) India's infrastructure development requires investment to the tune of $5 trillion by 2030 to balance for the deficit in infrastructure development. In this regard role of schemes like PM-GatiShakti and National Infrastructure Pipeline (NIP) becomes significant.","",""]]},{"i":85,"t":"Abhishek Sharma","c":"Forumias","p":"GS1","y":2024,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/ABHISHEK-SHARMA-UPSC-2024-Rank-38-MGP-Sample-Copy-3.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) \"Nalanda is a symbol of India's academic heritage and vibrant cultural exchange\". Elucidate with special references to foreign travelers' accounts.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) The period of Delhi Sultans witnessed the emergence of Indo-Persian culture. Discuss the statement with reference to developments in the fields of literature, art and architecture.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) Give a brief account of the contributions of early nationalists to the Indian freedom struggle.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) The Vaikom Satyagraha marked a historic milestone in India's fight against social injustice, demonstrating the power of non-violent resistance in dismantling oppressive caste barriers. Explain.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5 The Oslo Accords, once hailed as a landmark diplomatic achievement, failed to address key issues, highlighting the challenges of achieving lasting peace between Israel and Palestine. Analyse.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6 What are Northern and Southern lights? Explain the phenomenon and discuss their associated impacts on Earth's atmosphere and human activities.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) Identifying the major automobile clusters in India, enumerate the favourable factors for the location of the automobile industry.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8 \"India's diversity is her greatest strength.\" In light of the statement, explain how diversity has enriched and strengthened Indian society.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9) Critically examine the effects of globalization on the youth in India.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10 The recognition of LGBTQ rights in India marks significant progress, but the journey towards full societal integration and acceptance remains arduous, necessitating a profound socio-cultural shift. Elaborate.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11) Throw light upon the importance of seals and sealings in the reconstruction of socio-economic and religious life of the Harappan people. Also, explain why many of the known Harappan settlements are in semi-arid regions.","15","250"],[25,"Expanse of Harappan civilization","",""],[26,"Q.12 Describe the significance of the Dandi March (1930) as the starting point of the Civil Disobedience Movement. Also, discuss the national and international reactions to the Dandi March and the Salt Satyagraha.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 Give a reasoned account of the distribution of deserts across the earth with the help of relevant examples.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 Discuss the impact of local winds on their associated regions, citing examples from different parts of the world.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15) Rare Earths Elements (REE) are considered as 'Vitamins of Modern Industry'. In this context, bring out the multi-dimensional implications of uneven distribution of REE in the world.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16 Describe the various factors that influence ocean currents and discuss their multi-dimensional impact.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 Briefly explain the process of tide formation and differentiate between tides and waves.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 While social media facilitates unprecedented connectivity and self-expression, it can also widen social crevices and fractures. In this context, examine the impact of social media on Indian society.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 \"The regionalism in India is both a response to the failures in addressing regional aspirations and as an assertion of socio-cultural identity in the face of perceived marginalization.\" Comment.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 Explain how traditional gender roles and responsibilities exacerbate the vulnerability of women to extreme heat conditions. Suggest strategies to mitigate these vulnerabilities.","15","250"]]},{"i":104,"t":"Abhishek Singh","c":"Nextias","p":"Essay","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/5/abhishek-singh-test-25-1747312111762.pdf","q":[[6,"What are various ways to measure a man? Is power the only way? How power can be used rightly? and how has it been used in a","",""],[15,"How to develop such values in a man so that power can be used rightly?","",""]]},{"i":105,"t":"Abhishek Singh","c":"Nextias","p":"Essay","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/5/abhishek-singh-test-26-1747312157241.pdf","q":[[6,"Q.1 A sign of intelligence is an awareness of one's own ignorance.","125 ×1 = 125","about 1000-1200"],[15,"How to become aware?","",""],[18,"Q.1 Not all who wander are lost. (CSE 2023, PYQ)","125 ×1 = 125","about 1000-1200"]]},{"i":91,"t":"Abhishek Singh","c":"Nextias","p":"GS1","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/5/abhishek-singh-test-11-1747311842162.pdf","q":[[5,"Q1 Discuss the causes of Tsunami & their impact on coastal areas. What measures can be taken to mitigate the impact of tsunamis?","",""],[7,"Q2 India is endowed with large rivers emerging from the great Himalayas yet the region faces water shortage. Discuss. Also, give solutions to deal with the problem of water shortage.","",""],[9,"03 Discuss the diff. types of soils found in India & their significance for Agriculture","",""],[11,"04 Differentiate the causes of landslides in Himalayan region & western ghats.","",""],[13,"05 Major hot deserts in northern hemisphere are located b/w 20-30° North & on western side of continents. Why?","",""],[15,"Q6 Explain the mechanism of the Indian monsoon. What role do El-Nino & La-Nina play in its development over the Indian subcontinent?","",""],[18,"Q7 Discuss the ways in which earthquakes can trigger secondary hazards such as landslides, tsunamis, & liquefaction. Assess the relative risks associated with these hazards & the measures that can be taken to mitigate their impact.","",""],[21,"08 How do the melting of the Arctic ice & glaciers of the Antarctic differently affect the weather patterns & human activities on the earth? Explain.","",""],[24,"Q9 Explain the origin of Indian Islands in the Bay of Bengal & the Arabian Sea.","",""],[27,"Q10 How has the global warming impacted the frequency & intensity of extreme weather events such as cyclones, floods, and drought, & what are the implications of these changes for vulnerable communities?","",""]]},{"i":92,"t":"Abhishek Singh","c":"Nextias","p":"GS1","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/5/abhishek-singh-test-12-1747311868991.pdf","q":[[5,"Q-1 Discuss the various factors responsible for the uneven temperature distribution on earth's surface.","",""],[7,"Q2 To what extent does Seismic investigation contribute to our understanding of the Earth's interior structure? Analyze its significance in detail.","",""],[9,"03 The melting of glaciers due to climate change has serious implications for the ecosystem and human society. Discuss the effects of melting glaciers on environment & the measures that can be taken to address this issue.","",""],[11,"Q4 The white revolution was most successful in the western part of India. Discuss the factors for this regional success of the white revolution.","",""],[13,"Q5 How will the structural shift from coal based power to renewable energy generation impact human development in coal bearing states?","",""],[15,"Q6 To what extent temperature & precipitation are the most important factors that determine soil properties?","",""],[17,"Q7 Why are severe & intense cyclones becoming a regular phenomenon in Arabian Sea? Substantiate with examples.","",""],[21,"09 Do you agree that DR. B. R. Ambedkar's view of the caste problem was more political than social? Also, highlight his efforts aimed at social reform.","",""],[23,"Q10 Discuss the mandate of CAT. To what extent the jurisdictional tussle b/w CAT & high courts have been resolved by earlier SC verdicts?","",""],[25,"Q1 The configuration of ocean floor provides essential information about the geological process that have shaped the earth's surface. Discuss the major features of the ocean floor & their significance in the study of oceanography.","",""],[31,"Q-13 How does temperature inversion affect atmospheric conditions & what are its implications for local weather pattern & air pollution levels?","",""],[34,"Q-14 With the growing demand for rare earth elements, their distribution has become a critical aspect of the global economy. Discuss the distribution of rare earth elements across the world, their uses, and the environmental impact of their extraction.","",""],[37,"Q15 What are the geographical & economic factors that influence the location of the sugar industry, & how do they contribute to the growth of the industry in India & different parts of the world?","",""],[40,"Q6 Tourism in the hilly states is threatening to exceed the ecological carrying capacity of the region. Analyze the factors contributing to this trend & evaluate the potential environmental impacts of this phenomenon. What measures can be taken to ensure sustainable tourism in these states?","",""],[43,"Q-17 What are the geographical factors responsible for mangrove vegetation in India? How does climate change pose a threat to mangrove vegetation in India?","",""],[46,"08 Although desert landscapes across the world reflect many similarities, the process of desertification is influenced by local factors. Elaborate with suitable examples.","",""],[49,"Q-19 How does the 69th CAA led to Delhi's Dual governance dilemma? Discuss its implications on Cooperative federation as envisaged in the Constitution","",""],[52,"Q-20 How did Mahatma Gandhi's participation in the Khilafat non cooperation movt. illustrate his ability to connect diverse issues & mobilize different community towards a common cause? To what extent did the Khilafat movt. achieve its objective?","",""]]},{"i":106,"t":"Abhishek Singh","c":"Nextias","p":"GS1","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/5/abhishek-singh-test-6-1746617019776.pdf","q":[[5,"Q1 The level of excellence of the administration of the Maurya Kingdom was ahead of time & still relevant in present India? Discuss","",""],[7,"Q-2 The rock-cut architecture represents one of the most important sources of our knowledge of early Indian history. Discuss.","",""],[9,"Q-3 Though not very useful from point of view of a Connected political history of South India, Sangam literature portrays the social & economic conditions of its time with remarkable vividness. Comment","",""],[11,"Q4 The fabric of Indian philosophical thought owes as much to Northern India as to Southern India. Elucidate.","",""],[13,"Q-5 How did the ancient trade routes connecting India to foreign countries contribute to the exchange & dissemination of culture?","",""],[15,"Q16 How does the archeological evidence help in piecing together the life of harappan civilization?","",""],[18,"Q-7 How do you explain the decline of Buddhism & Jainism? What was the impact of these philosophies on Indian society?","",""],[21,"Q-8 Discuss the main contributions of Gupta period & the Chola period to Indian heritage.","",""],[24,"Q79 Sanskrit literature in general & particularly in the Gupta age set a high watermark for the literary history of Ancient India. Discuss.","",""]]},{"i":107,"t":"Abhishek Singh","c":"Nextias","p":"GS1","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/5/abhishek-singh-test-8-1746617069295.pdf","q":[[5,"Q1 How do the foreign accounts help in piecing together the history of Ancient India? Explain with suitable examples.","",""],[7,"Q2 Compare & Contrast the Nagara & Dravida (temple) Style of Architecture.","",""],[9,"Q3 Indian National Congress was not the first political organization but the culmination of a long process of political developments in colonial India. Discuss.","",""],[11,"Q4 The revolt of 1857, called the first war of Independence, was neither \"first\" nor a war of Independence. Discuss","",""],[13,"Q5 Gandhian phase of the National movement brought in new set of ideas, philosophies and added wind to the sails of the National movt. Discuss","",""],[15,"Q6 Assess the role of Subhash Chandra Bose in India's freedom struggle.","",""],[17,"Q7 What was the Mountbatten plan? Highlight the Contribution of Mountbatten in final transfer of power & ultimate independence of India.","",""],[19,"Q8 Why was there a sudden spurt in famines in colonial India since mid-eighteenth century? Give reasons.","",""],[21,"Q9 The Quit India movement was a people's movement cutting across the class divides but it was the women's leadership that left the clear mark. Analyze.","",""],[23,"Q1 Socio religious reforms of 19th century did not just impact the Hindu Society but have impacted other religions too. Comment.","",""],[25,"Q-11 Sanskrit literature in general and particularly in Gupta age set a high watermark for literary history of ancient India. Discuss.","",""],[28,"Q-12 Discuss the significance of Lion & Bull figure in Indian mythology, art & architecture.","",""],[31,"Q-13 Within the Constitutional field - In light of this statement discuss the contribution of moderates to Indian National movement along with their limitations.","",""],[34,"Q14 The English were unwittingly drawn into the political turmoil created by Indians themselves & were almost completely forced to acquire Indian territories. Critically comment on this colonial view of British Conquest in India.","",""],[37,"Q.15 What were the factors that helped in the development of Revolutionary Extremism in first half of 20th century? What was the impact of revolutionary extremists on the national political scene?","",""],[40,"Q-16 Bring out the Constructive programmes of Mahatma Gandhi during Non-cooperation Movt. & Civil disobedience movement.","",""],[43,"Q-17 What are the various ways in which Nationalism manifested in India during colonial rule?","",""],[46,"Q-18 To what extent women participated in different phases of freedom struggle? How did this activism & politicization of women promote a feminist consciousness in colonial India?","",""],[49,"Q-19 How did British economic policies favour the western capitalist class at the expense of India's economic interests? What were the factors which facilitated modest Indian industrial development in the starting decades of 20th Century despite an obstructing colonial presence?","",""],[52,"Q.20 Highlight the evolution of British policy on princely states, discuss the role played by princely states in Indian national movement.","",""]]},{"i":108,"t":"Abhishek Singh","c":"Nextias","p":"GS1","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/5/abhishek-singh-test-9-1746617125828.pdf","q":[[5,"1 How do recent advancements in studies related to gravitational waves, Hubble telescope, & black holes help in understanding origin of universe?","",""],[7,"Q2 Weathering is a complex phenomenon involving number of processes & is influenced by multiple factors. Explain","",""],[9,"Q-3 Explain the Concept of heat budget & its role in maintaining the earth's temperature. How does the greenhouse effect impact the heat budget of the earth's atmosphere?","",""],[11,"Q-4 Tropical cyclones are largely confined to South China Sea, BOB & Gulf of Mexico. Why?","",""],[13,"Q5 Discuss the Concept of air masses & explain its role in macro-climatic changes.","",""],[15,"Q-6 Explain the various stages of formation of the great Himalayas. How eastern Himalayas is different from western Himalayas?","",""],[18,"Q7 Discuss the factors affecting the horizontal & vertical distribution of ocean temperature. How does the warming of oceans due to climate change impact global weather patterns?","",""],[21,"Q8 Explain the concept of plate tectonics & discuss its significance in explaining the geological phenomenon observed on earth.","",""],[24,"Q-9 The earth's atmosphere is a complex system, with different layers & varying compositions. Analyze the composition & structure of the earth's atmosphere highlighting its significance in regulating the planet's climate.","",""],[27,"10 Briefly mention the alignment of major mountain ranges of the world & explain their impact on local weather conditions, with example.","",""]]},{"i":86,"t":"Abhishek Singh","c":"Nextias","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/5/abhishek-singh-polity-1746616850993.pdf","q":[[2,"Q.1 How does the Indian Constitution harmoniously blends borrowed elements with indigenous needs?","",""],[4,"0.2 Preamble is the mirror that reflects the mission & vision of Constitution makers. Explain.","",""],[6,"Q.3 What is rule of law? Compare & Contrast the implementation of the Rule of law in India & UK?","",""],[8,"0.4 FDs are a reminder that citizenship is not merely a passive status but active engagement. Discuss. What are the challenges in legal enforcement?","",""],[10,"0.5 Does the problem of hate speech in India stem from lack of laws or poor implementation of law?","",""],[12,"Q.6 Examine the distinct notions of Equality in the Constitution of the USA & India.","",""],[15,"Q-7 Basic Structure Doctrine is a North Star that guides interpreters of Constitution. Analyze the above statement & also highlight the elements that constitute BS through various judgements.","",""],[21,"0.9 The expression \"equal respect for all religions\" does not capture the complexities of Indian secularism. Analyze, also discuss the challenges in implementation of UCC.","",""],[24,"Q1 In light of recent SC judgement on the Right to Privacy, examine the scope of FRs in India.","",""]]},{"i":87,"t":"Abhishek Singh","c":"Nextias","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/5/abhishek-singh-polity-2-1746616867142.pdf","q":[[5,"Q-1 How far do you think Cooperation, Competition, and Confrontation have shaped the nature of federation in India? Cite some recent examples to validate.","",""],[7,"Q2 Examine the role of Inter State Council in promoting vertical (centre-state) & horizontal (Inter-State) Intergovernmental Cooperation & Coordination.","",""],[9,"Q3 The power, privileges & immunities of parliament and its members as envisaged in Article 105 of the Constitution leave no room ----- addressed?","",""],[11,"Q.4 Unlike the Rajya Sabha, the desirability of a second chamber at the state level is often questioned on various grounds. Explain.","",""],[13,"Q.5 Under what circumstances can the financial emergency be proclaimed by the president of India? What consequences follow when such a declaration remains in force?","",""],[15,"Q-6 To what extent parliamentary Committees have been effective in ensuring the accountability of the executive? Justify your answer.","",""],[18,"0.7 Any federal system is bound to have asymmetries, therefore special provisions are essential not only to come together but to hold together. Discuss in the context of Indian federalism.","",""],[24,"Q.9 What were the primary considerations & factors that influenced India's decision to adopt a parliamentary system of govt. instead of presidential system. Do presidentialization India?","",""],[27,"Q-10 The dynamics of centre - state relations in recent times reflect the ongoing tussle b/w the pursuit of Centralized decision making & demand of regional autonomy. Elucidate with examples. Also suggest measures for better Coordination.","",""]]},{"i":88,"t":"Abhishek Singh","c":"Nextias","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/5/abhishek-singh-polity-3-1746616932843.pdf","q":[[5,"Q1 The IX schedule once a vessel for reforms was transformed into a Constitutional dustbin of limitless proportions, what was the significance of IR Coelho judgement ?","",""],[7,"Q2 Examine the Importance of establishing National tribunals Commissions in systematically reforming the tribunal system in India.","",""],[8,"6 Other steps that can be taken to reform tribunals:\n1 Supreme Court has said to create an Independent body for appointment and transfer of members of tribunals\n2 Improving Infrastructure\n3 Digitalization of process\n4 Fulfilling vacancies in all benches","",""],[9,"Q3 The Governor's office is neither decorative nor inconsequential, it assumes a Constitutional role of profound essence. To what extent does the governor actively contribute to the governance of a state & reinforce the principles of federalism in country?","",""],[11,"Q-9 Instances of president's delay in commuting the death sentences have come under public debate as a denial of justice. Should there be a time specified for the president to accept/reject such petitions? Analyze.","",""],[13,"Q-15 How has judicial activism in India contributed to the protection and advancement of human rights? Discuss w.r.t. significant cases.","",""],[15,"Q.6 Resorting to ordinances have always raised concerns about the violation of the spirit of CoP. While noting the rationales justifying the powers to promulgate, analyze whether the decision of SC on the issue has further facilitated resorting to this power. Should power to promulgate the ordinances be repealed?","",""],[18,"Q.7 Constitution envisages an independent judiciary, not an insulated judiciary. In light of the given statements, Discuss the issues associated with the appointment of judges in the higher judiciary & Suggest alternatives to the current system.","",""],[21,"Q-8 Examine the advantages & challenges associated with the implementation of online dispute resolution (ODR) mechanisms in resolution of disputes.","",""],[24,"Q9 Judicial legislation is antithetical to the doctrine of SOP as envisaged in the Constitution. In this context justify the filing of a large number of public interest petitions praying for issuing guidelines to executive authorities.","",""],[27,"Q10 The huge number of undertrials languished in prison reflect that equality before the law doesn't always signify the equal access of laws. In this context discuss the reasons for a growing number of undertrials in Indian prison & also suggest corrective measures.","",""]]},{"i":89,"t":"Abhishek Singh","c":"Nextias","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/5/abhishek-singh-polity-4-1746616971353.pdf","q":[[5,"Q1 Discuss the safeguards available to civil servant against Doctrine of pleasure under Article 310 of Indian Constitution.","",""],[7,"Q2 Discuss the role of the NCBC in the wake of its transformation from a statutory body to Constitutional body.","",""],[9,"03 \"The CAG has a very pivotal role to play.\" Explain how this is reflected in the method & terms of his appointment as well as range of powers he can exercise.","",""],[11,"Q-4 Recognizing the pivotal role --- fifteenth FC has suggested reforms for ULB, Evaluate recommendations put forward by 15th FC in promoting & revitalizing ULBs in India","",""],[13,"05 Cooperative federalism finds its true expression in the mandate & function of GST Council. Analyze.","",""],[15,"06 The Attorney general is the chief legal advisor & lawyer of the GOI. Discuss.","",""],[18,"Q-7 The key to effective decentralization is, 'Political decentralization should follow finance & functional decentralization'. Discuss in context of impediments faced by local governance in India.","",""],[21,"08 What are the powers & functions of NCSC? Discuss the performance of NCSC in promoting & protecting the rights of Scheduled Caste.?","",""],[24,"Q9 Highlight the Concerns related to TOR of 15th FC. Discuss how the Commission has balanced conflicting interests.","","15"],[27,"Q20 \"Inter state border disputes, if not promptly & impartially settled, can transform into persistent issues that impede development & generate friction.\" Highlighting the Constitutional & legal framework to resolve I-S disputes, explain why Independent India has failed to resolve I-S border disputes.","",""],[28,"Why India failed to resolve border disputes between states?","",""]]},{"i":90,"t":"Abhishek Singh","c":"Nextias","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/5/abhishek-singh-polity-5-1746616988811.pdf","q":[[6,"Q-1 There is a need to resolve the ambiguity in the disqualification provisions under section 8 of RPA 1951. Discuss.","",""],[8,"Q-2 Highlight the key differences in scope of freedom of speech & expression as provided under parliamentary privileges & fundamental rights. Why is it necessary to maintain a balance b/w PP & FRs?","",""],[10,"Q3 Electoral bonds are a double-edged sword, providing anonymity to donors while raising concerns about transparency. To what extent have e-bonds further legitimized opacity in funding?","",""],[12,"Q.3 The Indian Constitution has not only served as political blueprint but also provides a social framework. In this context discuss the changing contours of socialism in last 75 years.","",""],[14,"Q.5 Discuss the key functions of PAC. What steps should be taken to revamp the PAC in order to enhance its effectiveness as a true guardian of public purse?","",""],[16,"Q6 The Indian party system is passing through a plan of transition which looks to be full of contradictions & paradoxes. Discuss.","",""],[20,"Q8 The harmonious coexistence b/w FRs & DPSPs lays the foundation of equitable society, where individual liberty & collective welfare complement each other - Dr. Ambedkar. Discuss harmonious relationship b/w FRs & DPSPs in light of SC judgements.","",""],[22,"Q9 In the spirit of unity & efficiency, ONE nation one election stands as a powerful step towards streamlining our democratic process. Comment","",""],[24,"Q.10 Under what circumstances can the governor use his discretionary power under Article 200 of Constitution? Discuss its impact on the role & authority of the governor in federal setup.","",""],[26,"Q1 The office of CBI has faced criticism & challenges primarily due to concerns about its autonomy, transparency & susceptibility to external influences. Discuss & suggest reforms to uphold its credibility & effectiveness.","",""],[29,"Q-12 How has the Anti-defection law impacted the relationship b/w Political parties & individual legislators in India? In the light of recent examples also discuss the unintended consequences it has on functioning of democracy in India?","",""],[32,"Q-13 S.R. Bommai V. UOI Signified a paradigm shift in judicial interpretation of union's authority to assume control of states' administrations. In this context discuss the significance & impact of the judgement on cementing the federal structure?","",""],[35,"Q19 The doctrine of parliamentary sovereignty & judicial supremacy has exerted considerable influence in shaping the constitutional framework of India & USA. Citing relevant case laws discuss the role of judiciary in influencing the constitutions in these countries. Is the scope of judicial review wider in India?","",""],[38,"Q15 Delimitation of seats is essential to ensure free & fair representation & uphold the principle of 'one vote, one value'. Highlighting the challenges posed by misrepresentation in Constituencies analyze the ramifications of population based delimitation in creating federal tension.","",""],[41,"Q16 Rajya Sabha has been transformed from a useless Stepney type to the most useful supporting organ in the past few decades. Highlight the factors as well as the areas in which this transformation is visible.","",""],[47,"Q-18 Discuss the role of SC of India in strengthening the hands of EC in discharge of its Constitutional responsibility of conducting free & fair elections in country.","",""],[50,"Q.19 Discuss the crucial role played by the NCW in shaping the discourse on gender-sensitive laws in India. To what extent the elevation of NCW to a Constitutional body would reinforce its authority?","",""],[53,"Q20 Discuss the role of the election Commission of India in light of evolution of MCC","",""]]},{"i":102,"t":"Abhishek Singh","c":"Nextias","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/5/abhishek-singh-test-22-1747312061781.pdf","q":[[6,"Q1 Recently - Comment","",""],[8,"Q2 Civil Society -","",""]]},{"i":93,"t":"Abhishek Singh","c":"Nextias","p":"GS3","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/5/abhishek-singh-test-13-1747311883788.pdf","q":[[5,"Q1 Define the Concept of the carrying capacity of an ecosystem as relevant to an environment. Explain how the understanding this concept is vital while planning for the sustainable devt. of a region.","",""],[7,"Q2 Critically evaluate the role of ocean thermal energy in improving overall energy security in India. Why has India failed to capture the potential of ocean thermal energy?","",""],[9,"Q3 What are the challenges that rising plastic waste poses to the terrestrial & aquatic ecosystems? Suggest measures to effectively combat the rising menace of plastic pollution globally.","",""],[11,"Q4 Invasive alien species are threat to the ecological sensitivity of native species which adversely impacts the biodiversity in India. In this regard, critically evaluate the recent amendment in WPA to regulate invasive alien species in India. Provide other measures as well.","",""],[13,"05 The menace of air pollution remains one of the major environmental concerns of North India: what factors can be responsible for the degrading air quality in North India? Suggest some measures to effectively tackle this problem.","",""],[15,"Q6 The recently concluded water bodies census has brought the issues of depleting water bodies in India to the fore. In this context, elaborate on the ecological & environmental challenges faced by natural & artificial water bodies in India. Also suggest measures to prevent depletion of water bodies & improve the status of water bodies in India.","",""],[18,"07 MISHTI initiative was recently launched in Budget 2023-24 in order to ensure sustainable growth of mangroves in India. Elaborate on the features of MISHTI programme while highlighting the importance & threats to mangroves in India.","",""],[21,"08 Discuss global warming & mention its effects on the global climate? Explain the control measures to bring down the level of GHGs that cause global warming, in the light of Kyoto protocol, 1997.","",""],[24,"09 Clean energy is the order of the day! Describe briefly the India's changing policies towards climate change in various international fora in the context of geopolitics.","",""],[27,"Q10 Geoengineering proposes practical solutions to the problems of climate change: what is geoengineering & how can it help in fixing the issues of climate change? Substantiate with examples.","",""]]},{"i":94,"t":"Abhishek Singh","c":"Nextias","p":"GS3","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/5/abhishek-singh-test-14-1747311900735.pdf","q":[[4,"1. \"Green hydrogen can be the silver bullet in our quest to tackle climate change and pollution\". Critically analyse the statement in light of India's National green hydrogen mission.","10","150"],[6,"2. What is the Global Methane Pledge? Do you think the Global Methane Pledge is a positive step towards mitigating methane emissions? Explain India's stance on this issue.","10","150"],[8,"3. Climate change mitigation and adaptation strategy is not only about reducing future emissions but also involves active removal of already released carbon into the atmosphere. In this context what do you understand by the concept of Carbon Capture, Utilisation and Storage (CCUS) and discuss the progress of the international community in this regard.","10","150"],[10,"4. How does the draft Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) Notification, 2020 differ from the existing EIA Notification, 2006?","10","150"],[12,"5. Explain the mechanism and occurrence of cloudburst in the Indian subcontinent. Discuss two recent examples.","10","150"],[14,"6. What are the key lessons for disaster management and environmental conservation in the Himalayan region, in light of the recent disaster in Joshimath, Uttarakhand?","10","Answer in 150"],[16,"7. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of disaster management in public health. Discuss the key strategies and challenges for managing pandemics and other infectious disease outbreaks.","10","150"],[18,"8. Poor building design, flagrant violations of building and fire safety norms and overcrowding of spaces are responsible for the rising risk of fires in urban areas. Discuss.","10","150"],[20,"9. How do the Puranas contribute to our understanding of ancient Indian culture and history?","10","Answer in 150"],[22,"10. What were the factors leading to the deindustrialization of India under British colonial rule? Also, discuss the economic and social impact of the decline of India's indigenous industries during this period.","10","150"],[24,"11. Explain the purpose of the Mangrove Alliance for Climate launched at the COP27 UN Climate Change Conference in Egypt in November 2022. Elaborate on the importance of mangroves in maintaining the coastal ecology of tropical nations.","15","250"],[27,"12. Trace the evolution of the Loss and Damage fund. What are major developments related to loss and damage funds in COP 27? What are the commitments made by India in this conference?","15","Answer in 250"],[30,"13. The recent amendments in the Wildlife Protection Act provide a framework to prevent illegal trade in wild animals and plants to ensure that their survival is not threatened. In this regard, mention the implications of illegal wildlife trade in India and analyse the effectiveness of the recent amendments to address the issue.","15","250"],[33,"14. Elaborate on the reasons behind the rise in human-wildlife conflicts in India. What measures can be undertaken to ensure the peaceful co-existence of humans and wildlife?","15","250"],[36,"15. The Formation of the Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure brings more robustness to the Disaster Management approach in India. Comment and justify the need for a new strategy to tackle Disasters in India.","15","250"],[39,"16. Disaster management is not just about responding to emergencies but also about building resilient communities. Discuss the key strategies that can be used to build community resilience and reduce the impact of disasters.","15","250"],[42,"17. Analyze the factors that contribute to the increased incidence and severity of floods in urban areas and the measures that can be taken to reduce the risk and enhance the resilience of the population.","15","250"],[45,"18. 'The system of judges appointing judges is a distinctive element of the Indian judicial system'. How does the process of judicial appointment in India differ from that of the United Kingdom and the United States?","15","250"],[46,"19. Highlighting the reasons for the increasing criminalization of politics in India, discuss the need for reforms in various sections of the Representation of People Act, 1951.","15","Answer in 250"],[49,"20. Analyse the factors influencing the spatial distribution of population in India, with emphasis on the regional differences in population density distribution. Also, suggest policy measures to tackle the challenges posed by uneven population distribution.","15","250"]]},{"i":95,"t":"Abhishek Singh","c":"Nextias","p":"GS3","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/5/abhishek-singh-test-15-1747311928012.pdf","q":[[4,"1. FDI, apart from being a driver of economic growth, can also be seen as a non-debt-creating financial resource. In this context, what is the relevance of FDI in the economic growth of India? What are the issues associated with FDI as a source of growth?","10","150"],[6,"2. \"India is no country for working women\". In this context, discuss the reasons for the low female participation rate in the labour force while suggesting measures to improve the participation of women in the labour force.","10","150"],[8,"The overemphasis on the GDP growth rate subsides the issues of growing inequality and environmental unsustainability. In this context, highlighting the limitations of GDP suggests alternatives to GDP as a welfare of growth rate.","10","150"],[10,"4. How has the budgetary process changed since the last decade? Suggest budgetary reforms that can help in better management of government expenditure.","10","150"],[12,"5. Inequality has become a major challenge to inclusive growth in India. In this context, elaborate on the reasons for rising economic inequality in India. Also suggests measures required to reduce economic inequality in India.","10","150"],[14,"6. Do you agree that India's growth trajectory in the post-COVID-19 era has been K-shaped? Substantiate your answer with reasons.","15","250"],[17,"7. Rising NPAs coupled with twin balance sheet issues have been the most pressing problem of India's economy in recent times. What are the factors responsible for rising NPAs? Elaborate on the measures that can be undertaken to address this problem giving special reference to the potential of newly formed NARCL and IDRCL.","15","250"],[20,"8. India is often criticized for its regulatory cholesterol, which hinders economic growth and innovation. Discuss the concept of regulatory cholesterol and its impact on the Indian economy. Suggest pragmatic measures to streamline the regulatory environment and promote ease of doing business in India.","15","250"],[23,"Public expenditure management is a challenge to the Government of India in the context of budget-making during the post-liberalization period. Clarify it.","15","250"],[26,"10. Economic growth in the recent past has been led by an increase in labour activity. Explain this statement. Suggest the growth pattern that will lead to the creation of more jobs without compromising labour productivity.","15","250"]]},{"i":96,"t":"Abhishek Singh","c":"Nextias","p":"GS3","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/5/abhishek-singh-test-16-1747311942119.pdf","q":[[4,"1. What do you understand by Windfall tax? Do you think that windfall taxes can effectively redistribute wealth and promote greater economic equality?","10","150"],[6,"2. Elaborate on the difference between Capital Account and Current Account as components of Balance of Payment (BOP). Suggest a few measures to balance the BOP deficit of India.","10","Answer in 150"],[8,"3. Discuss the perceived successes and challenges of implementing inflation targeting under the new Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) regime.","10","150"],[10,"4. The logistics sector is one of the important components of the growth of the manufacturing industry. Discuss. Also, mention various components of the recently announced National Logistics Policy 2022.","10","150"],[12,"Jobless growth is an inherent feature of India's growth trajectory. What are the major reasons behind the high unemployment rate in India? Suggest remedial measures to improve the overall employment growth rate in India.","10","Answer in 150"],[14,"7. Recently, the Government of India has started developing salt-cavern-based strategic oil reserves to increase India's strategic oil capacity. Critically analyze the importance of strategic oil reserves in order to strengthen India's energy security and its capacity to mitigate supply disruptions in global markets.","10","150"],[16,"8. The aviation sector is infamously known for its huge investments. What are the issues in the aviation sector? Suggest reforms to revitalize the aviation sector.","10","150"],[18,"9. What is Digital Public Infrastructure? What are the advantages of DPI development in India? What are the impediments to realizing the full potential of DPI in India? Substantiate.","10","150"],[20,"10. Evaluate the potential of the PLI scheme in fostering innovation and enhancing competitiveness in the targeted sectors and suggest measures to ensure the sustainability and scalability of the scheme.","10","150"],[22,"12. The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) plays an important role in the regulation of the share market and safeguarding the interests of investors. In light of the given statement, highlight the challenges faced by the SEBI and suggest reforms in this regard.","15","250"],[25,"13. International trade is centred on the Dominant currency paradigm. Critically Analyse the importance of Hard currency in International trade and Discuss the potential of rupee acceptance in global trade as an alternative to dollar imperialism.","15","250"],[28,"14. Demographic Dividend does not ensure growth; it only generates potential. Discuss the steps made by the government to take advantage of the opportunities presented by the demographic transition.","15","250"],[31,"15. Low tax buoyancy often translates into higher deficits and debt. Can a higher direct tax rate improve the overall tax-to-GDP ratio in India? What other steps can be undertaken to revamp the overall tax structure in India?","15","250"],[34,"16. Startups are the driving engines of the fast-changing modern economy. Why have Indian startups failed to realize their potential? What steps can be undertaken to improve the profitability and performance of startups in India?","15","Answer in 250"],[37,"17. What are the inherent challenges that the Indian telecom sector has faced in the recent time? How far does the draft Indian Telecommunication Bill, 2022 address such issues? Suggest measures to revamp the telecom sector.","15","250"],[40,"18. Analyze the advantages and disadvantages of various PPP models, in terms of financing, risk allocation, and service delivery.","15","250"],[43,"19. The Indian EV industry is critically dependent on semiconductors for its sustainability. What are the challenges that the Indian semiconductor industry faces? Analyze and suggest measures to strengthen the supply chain of semiconductors in India.","15","250"],[46,"20. \"Investment in infrastructure is essential for more rapid and inclusive economic growth. Discuss in the light of India's experience.","15","250"]]},{"i":97,"t":"Abhishek Singh","c":"Nextias","p":"GS3","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/5/abhishek-singh-test-17-1747311963903.pdf","q":[[4,"1. Constraints in the Agriculture sector in India have been a major hurdle in achieving sustained growth and development. Discuss the various challenges faced by the agriculture sector in India and suggest policy measures to address these challenges.","10","150"],[6,"2. Evaluate the impact of irrigation on the environment and natural resources, and suggest measures to ensure the sustainability and equity of irrigation practices in agriculture.","10","150"],[8,"3. What is the Silvopasture Agroforestry System? How can it be effectively utilized to improve local climate resilience in India?","10","Answer in 150"],[10,"4. In the light of recent Government push for GM crops like DMH-11, critically analyze the advantages and concerns related to GM crops in India in ensuring food and nutritional security in India.","10","150"],[12,"5. What do you mean by Minimum Support Price (MSP)? How will MSP rescue the farmers from the low-income trap?","10","150"],[14,"6. Discuss the different types of irrigation and irrigation systems used in agriculture, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages.","15","250"],[17,"7. AI and Machine learning have revolutionised a number of industries, how can these technologies be deployed to improve Agricultural production and Productivity?","15","250"],[20,"8. Analyze the impact of liberalization and globalization on Indian agriculture and the challenges faced by farmers in the globalized economy.","15","250"],[23,"9. What are the major factors responsible for making the rice-wheat system a success? In spite of this success, how has this system become a bane in India?","15","Answer in 250"],[26,"10. What are the reformative steps taken by the Government to make food grain distribution system more effective?","15","250"]]},{"i":98,"t":"Abhishek Singh","c":"Nextias","p":"GS3","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/5/abhishek-singh-test-18-1747311979017.pdf","q":[[4,"1. Assess the potential of millet production in promoting sustainable agriculture and improving food security in India.","10","150"],[6,"2. What is India's stand on the New Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies under WTO? How is the Fisheries sector significant for India? Enumerate the steps taken by the Government to develop this sector.","10","150"],[8,"3. Analyze the systemic and institutional constraints that continue to hinder land reform efforts in India and propose pragmatic solutions to ensure equitable distribution of land.","10","150"],[10,"4. Bringing urea under the NBS Scheme is seen as the panacea for all the issues related to fertilizer subsidies in India as well as for the environmental problems of agriculture. Highlighting the issues related to urea management, suggest reforms are required to improve the usage of urea in a sustainable manner in India.","10","150"],[12,"5. India's food security faces challenges from not just domestic factors but also global factors. Comment. Discuss some ways to strengthen India's food security.","10","150"],[14,"11. Despite being a major contributor to the Indian economy, the agriculture sector is plagued by several constraints that impede its growth and development. Examine the role of technology in overcoming these constraints.","15","250"],[17,"12. Evaluate the impact of irrigation on the environment and natural resources, and suggest measures to ensure the sustainability and equity of irrigation practices in agriculture.","15","250"],[20,"13. 'Genome editing holds immense potential for crop improvement, but it also raises ethical and safety concerns'. How far do the new guidelines for the safety assessment of genome-edited plants in India, ensure the safety of genetically modified crops?","15","250"],[23,"14. Discuss the impact of direct and indirect farm subsidies on the agriculture sector in India. How have Minimum Support Prices (MSP) affected the agricultural economy?","15","Answer in 250"],[26,"15. The import of edible oils forms a major part of India's import bill. In this context, evaluate the importance of the recently launched National Mission on Edible Oils and Oil Palm (NMEO-OP). What are the environmental concerns related to increasing palm oil production in India?","15","Answer in 250"]]},{"i":99,"t":"Abhishek Singh","c":"Nextias","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/5/abhishek-singh-test-19-1747312008450.pdf","q":[[5,"Q-1 (a) What do you understand by term 'Ethics' & 'Integrity'? Do you think they are interrelated? Explain with examples the relationship b/w ethics & integrity in context of public administration.","",""],[7,"(b) With regard to morality of actions, one view is that means is of paramount importance & the other view is that the ends justify the means. Which view do you think is more appropriate? Justify your answer.","",""],[8,"Which view is more important?","",""],[9,"2. (a) Man cannot do right in one department of life whilst he is occupied in doing wrong in any other department. - Gandhi. Do you think an individual's personal ... examples","",""],[11,"(b) Goodness is the result of internal imperatives to do what is right, not sanctions from moral rules or rewards from expected consequences. Do you agree? Discuss.","",""]]},{"i":100,"t":"Abhishek Singh","c":"Nextias","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/5/abhishek-singh-test-20-1747312028825.pdf","q":[[5,"1 (a) What are the basic principles of public life? Illustrate any three of these with suitable examples.","",""],[7,"1(b) Emotional intelligence is the ability to make your emotions work for you instead of against you. Do you agree? Discuss.","",""],[9,"2(a) What teachings of Buddha are most relevant today & why? Discuss.","",""],[11,"2(b) A positive attitude is considered to be an essential characteristic of a civil servant who is often required to function under extreme stress. What contributes to a positive attitude in a person?","",""],[17,"9(a) Persuasion performs a number of positive, prosocial functions. However, people often equate persuasion with manipulation & consider it unethical. What are the ethical values a persuader must respect to ensure the ethicality of persuasion? Explain.","",""],[19,"4(b) \"While Competence without Compassion can be brutal & inhumane, Similarly Compassion without Competence can be meaningless for persons seeking help\" Explain in Context of civil services","",""]]},{"i":101,"t":"Abhishek Singh","c":"Nextias","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/5/abhishek-singh-test-21-1747312041888.pdf","q":[[5,"1(a) What is meant - - - - - Interest?","",""],[7,"1(b) In looking for ________, Explain","",""],[9,"2(a) What do you mean by Public Servant?","",""],[15,"3(b) In the Contemporary - Examine.","",""]]},{"i":103,"t":"Abhishek Singh","c":"Nextias","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/5/abhishek-singh-test-23-1747312075479.pdf","q":[[4,"1. (a) Wisdom lies in knowing what to reckon with and what to overlook. An officer being engrossed with the periphery, ignoring the core issues before him, is no rare in the bureaucracy. Do you agree that such preoccupation of an administrator leads to the travesty of justice to the cause of effective service delivery and good governance? Critically evaluate.","10","150"],[6,"1. (b) Apart from intellectual competency and moral qualities, empathy and compassion are some of the other vital attributes that facilitate the civil servants to be more competent in tackling the crucial issues or taking critical decisions. Explain with suitable illustrations.","10","150"],[8,"2. (a) The Rules and Regulations provided to all the civil servants are same yet there is difference in the performance. Positive-minded officers are able to interpret the Rules and Regulations in favour of the case and achieve success, whereas negative minded officers are unable to achieve goals by interpreting the same Rules and Regulations against the case. Discuss with illustrations.","10","150"],[10,"2. (b) It is believed that adherence to ethics in human actions would ensure in smooth functioning of an organization/system. If so, what does ethics seek to promote in human life? How do ethical values assist in the resolution of conflicts faced by him in his day-to-day functioning?","10","150"],[12,"3. (a) The impact of digital technology as a reliable source of input for rational decision-making is a debatable issue. Critically evaluate with a suitable example.","10","150"],[14,"3. (b) Besides domain knowledge, a public official needs innovativeness and creativity of a high order as well, while resolving ethical dilemmas. Discuss with a suitable example.","10","150"],[16,"4. (a) \"Refugees should not be turned back to the country where they would face persecution or human right violation.\" Examine the statement with reference to the ethical dimension being violated by the nation claiming to be democratic with an open society.","10","150"],[18,"4. (b) Should impartial and non-partisan be considered indispensable qualities to make a successful civil servant? Discuss with illustrations.","10","150"],[20,"5. (a) Most civil servants are neither pure deontologists nor pure utilitarians but they operate according to a kind of ethical pluralism. Do you agree? Discuss your position with suitable examples.","10","150"],[22,"5. (b) Explain the difference between codes of ethics, codes of conduct and codes of rules and regulations. Do you think an increase in the number of codes and regulations is an efficient response to the decline of public trust and integrity issues? Why/why not?","10","150"],[24,"6. (b) \"The most important human endeavour is the striving for morality in our actions. Our inner balance and even our existence depend on it. Only morality in our actions can give beauty and dignity to life.\" (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[26,"6. (c) \"Men must have corrupted nature a little, for they were not born wolves, and they have become wolves.\"","10","150"],[28,"7. You are the Head of an Agency, a special purpose vehicle, responsible for overseeing the last-mile delivery of essential services and sorting out bottlenecks and grievances of the citizens within your jurisdiction. The essential services included Maternal and infant health care, nutritional support to BPL families, drinking water availability, etc.\n\nYour agency employed a staff of 15 to carry out regular official operations and handle grievances. Since the agency dealt with complaints, there was an enormous amount of public dealing daily. Sometimes the agency officials had to work beyond office hours to finish the regular office work as public dealings took away most of the office hours. The employees were unhappy doing the extra bit as they were not paid any overtime. A few of them informally raised the issue with you, but you were helpless as the agency rules didn't allow any travel or overtime allowances. You tried taking up the matter with HQ but to no avail.\n\nThe work stress gradually started showing up among the staff, they became irritable with the complainants, and at times they shouted at them. Besides rudeness, the staff's language became abusive, derogatory, and sometimes casteist. You could notice that there were 4 of them in particular who were getting very abusive and discriminatory while handling grievances. As the Head, you warned them but there was no marked change in their work attitude. To compound your problem, some of the villagers, through their Sarpanch, raised the issue of rude, disrespectful, and discriminatory behavior with your HQ. The HQ immediately instructed you to take action and create a respectful and dignified workspace.\n1. What are the issues involved in the above case?\n2. What are the action options available to you?\n3. Examine each of the options and identify your chosen course of action.\n4. What do you understand by dignity? Distinguish between human and social dignity? Identify the common dignity violations that one notices in government departments.","20","Answer in 250"],[33,"8 (a) What are the ethical and business issues involved in the case?\n(b) What are the options available to Mr. Sharma and the CEO?\n(c) Do you think the organizational culture of giving freedom to the sales force led to the issue or was the individual's corrupt nature that led to the problem? Discuss.\n(d) What ethics mechanisms and steps can the company create and implement to prevent unethical behaviour, as mentioned in the case? (Answer in 250 words) 20 Marks\na) What are the ethical and business issues involved in the case?\nb) What are the options available to Mr. Sharma and the CEO?\nc) Do you think the organizational culture of giving freedom to the sales force led to the issue or was the individual's corrupt nature that led to the problem? Discuss.\nd) What ethics mechanisms and steps can the company create and implement to prevent unethical behaviour, as mentioned in the case? (Answer in 250 words) 20 Marks","20","250"],[38,"9. 1. What are the ethical issues and dilemmas involved in the above case?\n2. What are the options available to you?\n3. Select your chosen course of action after analyzing the options.\n4. What must be your moral motivation in the above case? Should it be duty, care, or consequences?\n1. What are the ethical issues and dilemmas involved in the above case?\n2. What are the options available to you?\n3. Select your chosen course of action after analyzing the options.\n4. What must be your moral motivation in the above case? Should it be duty, care, or consequences?","20","Answer in 250"],[43,"10. 1. What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\n2. What do you think principle-oriented and rule-abiding police personnel must do in the above case? Why? Justify\n3. What do you think must assume priority in civil service, loyalty to the department, or being impartial and non-partisan in your decisions and service values?","20","Answer in 250"],[48,"11 (a) What are the options available with Ashok to cope up with the situation?\n(b) Critically evaluate/examine each of the options identified by Ashok.\n(c) What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by Ashok?\n(d) Which of the options, do you think, would be the most appropriate for Ashok to adopt and why?\n(e) In the above scenario, what type of training would you suggest for police officers posted to such districts where stone mining illegal activities are rampant?\na) What are the options available with Ashok to cope up with the situation?\nb) Critically evaluate/examine each of the options identified by Ashok.\nc) What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by Ashok?\nd) Which of the options, do you think, would be the most appropriate for Ashok to adopt and why?\ne) In the above scenario, what type of training would you suggest for police officers posted to such districts where stone mining illegal activities are rampant?","20","250"],[53,"12. You are Vice Principal of a degree college in one of the middle-class towns. Principal has recently retired and management is looking for his replacement. There are also feelers that the management may promote you as Principal. In the meantime, during annual examination the flying squad came from the university caught two students red-handed involving in unfair means. A senior lecturer of the college was personally helping these student in this act. This senior lecturer also happens to be close to the management. One of the students was son of a local politician who was responsible in getting college affiliated to the present reputed university. The second student was son of a local businessman who has donated maximum funds for running of the college. You immediately informed the management regarding this unfortunate incident. The management told you to resolve the issue with flying squad at any cost. They further said that such incident will not only tarnish the image of the college but also the politician and businessman are very important personalities for the functioning of the college. You were also given hint that your further promotion to Principal depends on your capability in resolving this issue with flying squad. In the meantime, you were intimated by your administrative officer that certain members of the student union are protesting outside the college gate against the senior lecturer and the students involved in this incident and demanding strict action against defaulters.\n1. Discuss the ethical issues involved in the case.\n2. Critically examine the options available with you as Vice Principal. What option will you adopt and why?","20","Answer in 250"],[58,"6 Discuss the meaning of the following quotes:\n(a) The root of happiness is Dharma (righteousness), the root of Dharma is Artha (economy), the root of Artha is right governance.","10","150"]]},{"i":109,"t":"Aditi Arora","c":"Forumias","p":"Essay","y":2025,"r":351,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/ADITI-ARORAUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-351-Sample-ESSAY-COPY-1.pdf","q":[[3,"1. Values are not what humanity is but what humanity ought to be.\n2. Happiness is nothing more than good health and a bad memory.","",""],[16,"1. The climate crisis is only a symptom of a much larger crisis looming over humanity.","",""]]},{"i":110,"t":"Aditi Arora","c":"Forumias","p":"Essay","y":2025,"r":351,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/ADITI-ARORAUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-351-Sample-ESSAY-COPY-2.pdf","q":[[3,"1. The only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing.","",""],[16,"1. The development of artificial intelligence and biotechnology has raised significant moral and ethical issues for humankind.","",""]]},{"i":112,"t":"Aditi Arora","c":"Forumias","p":"GS3","y":2025,"r":351,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/ADITI-ARORAUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-351-Sample-MGP-COPY-2.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) The multiheaded hydra of inequity is reinforced by the skewed concentration of wealth. How far can Universal Basic Income (UBI) check the growth of economic inequity? Substantiate your answer.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Trace the evolution of Industrial policy in India post-independence. Assess the success of these policies in fulfilling their desired objectives.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) World Trade Organisation (WTO) was formed with the objective of imparting a long term and equitable solution to the dichotomy between free trade and food security; however, the objective has been marred by several factors. Comment.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) The utility of APMCs is not lost despite a plethora of limitations. Discuss and recommend corrective measures for overhauling the APMCs.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5 Discuss the natural and anthropogenic factors behind incidents of land subsidence. Suggest counter-measures to contain such incidents.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) Explain Glacial Lake Outburst Flood (GLOF). Also, discuss GLOF mitigation strategy with special reference to National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) guidelines.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7 Aditya L1 mission is an important milestone as India's first space based solar observatory. Enlist the major scientific objectives and the challenges of the mission.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) Describe briefly what gene therapy is and what advantages it has over other treatments?","10","150"],[19,"Q.9) National security challenges require sufficiently addressing the concerns of human security. Explain and suggest reforms for the same.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10) Do you think the Armed Forces Special Powers Act (AFSPA) is necessary for bringing peace in disturbed areas? Critically Analyse.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11 To what extent does the Female Labor Force Participation paint a true picture of the participation of women in the Indian economy? Justify with suitable examples.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12 Enumerate the limitations associated with the operation of Special Economic Zones (SEZs). Assess the potential of the Domestic Enterprise and Services Hub (DESH) bill, 2022 in enhancing the effectiveness of the SEZs.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 How will you explain the potential of Agristack in providing a lasting remedy to various ills afflicting the farm sector?","15","250"],[32,"Q.14) What do you understand by Farmers Producer Organisations (FPO's)? Throwing light upon the various challenges faced by the FPOs, suggest measures to ameliorate the same.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 What role does wetland play in expanding the framework of sustainable development? What are the challenges faced by wetland ecosystem? Discuss the corrective steps required for their effective conservation.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16) Describe the concept of loss and damage and evaluate its relevance in ensuring climate equity.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 The 2023 Nobel Award in Chemistry was awarded for the discovery and synthesis of Quantum dots. How have the developments of quantum dots affected the various sectors over the years?","15","250"],[44,"Q.18) Discuss the socio-economic impact of new developments in science and technology in India since independence.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19) With the help of the map given below, describe the major internal security threats faced by the country. Suggest a comprehensive security framework to minimize these threats.","15","250"],[51,"Q.20 What do you understand by theaterisation of commands? Enumerating the impediments in theaterisation for India's armed forces, discuss the role of Chief of Defence Staff in enhancing the effectiveness of India's external security response.","15","250"]]},{"i":111,"t":"Aditi Arora","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":2025,"r":351,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/ADITI-ARORAUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-351-Sample-MGP-COPY-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) Indian society and its philosophical traditions have predominantly embraced a \"non-absolutist stance\" towards ethical considerations. Do you agree?","10","150"],[5,"b) \"Empathy is a crucial human value, but there exists a complex relationship between empathy and objectivity.\" Discuss with suitable examples.","10","150"],[7,"Q.2) a) A welfare state's legitimacy rests on its ethical foundation. In your opinion, what are the key ethical traits of a welfare state? Suggest ways to strengthen the ethical foundation of a state.","10","150"],[9,"b) Different individuals have varied interpretations of what constitutes a good life. What does a good life signify for you? Explain with examples.","10","150"],[11,"Q.3) What does each of the following quotations mean to you?\na) \"A man can give up a right but he may not give up a duty without being guilty of a grave dereliction\". Mahatma Gandhi","10","150"],[13,"b) \"The world is sustained by those who refrain from hurting others, even when they have the power to do so.\"","10","150"],[15,"c) \"Our lives begin to end the day we become silent about things that matter.\" Martin Luther King Jr.","10","150"],[17,"Q.4) a) What is 'emotional intelligence' and how can it be developed? How does it help civil servants in ethical decision making and crisis management?","10","150"],[18,"How emotional intelligence helps civil servants","",""],[19,"b) The arrival of modernity has reshaped our traditional relationship with nature. How can a change in 'environmental attitude' aid in addressing sustainability challenges?","10","150"],[20,"How can positive 'environmental attitude' help in sustainability?","",""],[21,"Q.5) a) Once a foundational value, bureaucratic anonymity is now diluted by social media, blurring the lines between private conduct and public duty. Examine critically","10","150"],[23,"b) What do you understand by probity in governance? What are the difficulties in upholding it in contemporary times? Suggest measures for ensuring probity in governance.","10","150"],[25,"Q.6) a) Differentiate between code of conduct and code of ethics. Explain the necessity of a code of ethics for public servants to ensure ethical governance.","10","150"],[27,"b) Despite acknowledging that corruption is detrimental and condemning it, why do people continue to engage in it? Explore the significance of value systems in combating the evil of corruption.","10","150"],[29,"Q.7) You are the Superintendent of Police (SP) in a communally sensitive district. Recently, a young couple approached you seeking protection. They wish to get married, but they belong to different religions. Also, the girl is from an influential family, while the boy comes from a humble background. They are facing threats from the girl's family, who have warned them of dire consequences if they proceed with the marriage. The girl's family has fixed her marriage to a boy belonging to their community and is vehemently against interfaith marriage. The village elders have also expressed apprehensions that, if the matter is not resolved promptly, it could incite widespread rioting and lead to serious law and order problems. The local intelligence unit has corroborated these concerns in its report submitted to your office.\nThe fears of the village elders have come true. Rumors and disagreements regarding the proposed marriage have caused communal tensions in the neighboring localities. In one such locality, a law-abiding and responsible citizen lives with his wife and son, Sahil. This locality, where people of different religions reside, has a history of maintaining overall harmony and peace despite occasional minor quarrels. But this time, it escalated to the point of rioting, during which Sahil came under the attack and was grievously injured. The rioters also set fire to many houses and vehicles, causing extensive damage to public property. Despite immediate and frantic calls to the police, no prompt action was taken. Sahil succumbed to his injuries the next day. A video of the brutal attack on Sahil emerged and went viral on social media. The incident was also covered extensively by the national media and has led to increased communal polarization in the district.\nOn one hand, the couple feels increasingly threatened as many blame them for the situation; on the other hand, there are fears of another round of violence as some members of Sahil's community vowing to avenge his death. The grieving parents are devastated by the loss of their only child and seek justice. The district administration is under immense pressure to prevent further violence, ensure justice for Sahil's family, and protect the young couple.\na) Discuss the ethical issues involved in this case.\nb) As the SP of the district, evaluate the options available to you.\nc) What course of action would you adopt to deal with the situation?","20","20"],[30,"a) इस केस स्टडी में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\nb) जिले के पुलिस अधीक्षक के रूप में, आप अपने पास उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन कीजिए।\nc) स्थिति से निपटने के लिए आप क्या कदम उठाएंगे?\na) इस केस स्टडी में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\nb) जिले के पुलिस अधीक्षक के रूप में, आप अपने पास उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन कीजिए।\nc) स्थिति से निपटने के लिए आप क्या कदम उठाएंगे?","20 अंक, 250 शब्द","20 अंक"],[35,"Q.8) In the lush green expanse of the Western Ghats, a significant change is underway. The state government has announced a new infrastructure project—a highway connecting City A and City B. This project, envisioned as a catalyst for economic growth and enhanced connectivity, also promises to attract significant investments, including from a major semiconductor company. The semiconductor company is important for strategic purposes, given the growing importance of semiconductors in defense, space, and communications sectors. However, the proposed highway passes through a densely forested tribal area, home to an indigenous community deeply connected to the land. The local tribal community, reliant on the forest for their livelihood and cultural practices, is alarmed by the prospect of displacement and the extensive forest clearance required by the project. The forest is not just their home but a crucial part of their identity and source of livelihood. It is where their ancestors are buried, where they grow medicinal plants, and where their children play. The community's leaders, including Geeta, a respected elder, are determined to protect their land. They fear losing their ancestral lands and the destruction of their way of life. Determined to make their voices heard, the community organizes a protest march to the office of the District Magistrate and seeks time to meet the DM. The DM, Rajesh, known for his fair and balanced approach, listens intently as Geeta and other leaders explain their fears. They asserted their legality protected right to manage and protect the forest. Meanwhile, in the corporate offices of M&T Infrastructure Ltd., CEO Anil is grappling with the growing unrest. The company has been contracted to build the highway, but the resistance from the tribal community poses a significant challenge. Delays could lead to escalating costs and potential project failure. Anil decides to seek a meeting with Priya, the Chief Secretary of State, to discuss the situation. Priya, overseeing the project from the state secretariat, is aware of the delicate balance needed. The project is crucial for the state's development and aligns with the policy of promoting ease of doing business. Moreover, the potential investment from the semiconductor company is strategically important for both the state and the nation. Any delay or hindrance could tarnish the state's reputation and dissuade future investments. When Anil meets Priya, he lays out his concerns. \"Madam Secretary, the protests are intensifying. If this continues, we might have to consider withdrawing from the project. The financial risks are becoming untenable.\" The ruling party, keen to maintain its pro-development image, wants early completion of the project and the materialization of the semiconductor manufacturing plant to fulfill its poll promises. The Chief Secretary conveys the policy of the state government and the concerns of M&T Infrastructure Ltd. to the District Magistrate of the district concerned. As the administrative head of the district, the responsibility for maintaining law and order and facilitating development projects rests upon him.\na) What are the ethical issues involved in the case?\nb) Evaluate the options available to Rajesh, being District Magistrate of the area.\nc) What course of action should Rajesh adopt and why?","20","250"],[36,"a) केस अध्ययन में निहित मुद्दे क्या हैं?\nb) क्षेत्र के जिला मजिस्ट्रेट होने के नाते राजेश के लिए उपयुक्त विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन कीजिए।\nc) राजेश को क्या कार्रवाई करनी चाहिए और क्यों?\na) केस अध्ययन में निहित मुद्दे क्या हैं?\nb) क्षेत्र के जिला मजिस्ट्रेट होने के नाते राजेश के लिए उपयुक्त विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन कीजिए।\nc) राजेश को क्या कार्रवाई करनी चाहिए और क्यों?","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[41,"Q.9) A small village in South India experienced a devastating tragedy that shocked the nation. Around 65 villagers lost their lives after drinking liquor contaminated with methanol. The tragedy quietly unfolded one evening as unsuspecting villagers gathered for relaxation, sharing stories, and unwinding after a day's work and consumed the toxic brew. Within a short time, symptoms of poisoning began to appear. The villagers experienced severe headaches, dizziness, nausea, and blurred vision. Panic quickly spread through the community as more and more people fell ill. Families desperately sought help, but the village's healthcare facilities were quickly overwhelmed and unable to cope with the sudden influx of patients. The few medical professionals available worked tirelessly, but resources were limited, and the severity of the situation became increasingly apparent. Police filed FIR, but no breakthrough was achieved in the case for almost two months. Mahesh, an investigative journalist working with a leading TV channel, began investigating the case on his own initiative. Within a month, Mahesh made a breakthrough by interacting with local people, the liquor mafia, and government officials. He prepared his investigative story and presented it to the CMD of the TV channel. Mahesh's report exposed the complete nexus of the illicit liquor mafia operating with the support of corrupt police, civil officials, and politicians. The key political figure involved was the local MLA, known to be very close to the Chief Minister. After reviewing the investigative report, the CMD advised Mahesh to drop the idea of making the story public through electronic media. The CMD revealed that the local MLA was not only a relative of the TV channel's owner but also held an unofficial 30 percent share in the channel. Additionally, the CMD offered Mahesh a promotion, a pay raise, and the adjustment of the 20-lakh soft loan that Mahesh had taken for his son's studies abroad if he handed over the investigative report.\na) What are the options available with Mahesh to cope up with the situation? Critically examine each of the options.\nb) Which of the options, do you think, would be the most appropriate for Mahesh to adopt and why?\nc) Suggest some innovative measures to address the nexus of criminal activities and prevent such tragedies.","20","20"],[42,"a) स्थिति से निपटने के लिए महेश के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं? प्रत्येक विकल्प की आलोचनात्मक जाँच कीजिए।\nb) आपको क्या लगता है कि महेश के लिए कौन सा विकल्प सबसे उपयुक्त होगा और क्यों?\nc) आपराधिक गतिविधियों के गठजोड़ को दूर करने और ऐसी प्रथाओं को रोकने के लिए कुछ नवीन उपाय सुझाएँ।\na) स्थिति से निपटने के लिए महेश के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं? प्रत्येक विकल्प की आलोचनात्मक जाँच कीजिए।\nb) आपको क्या लगता है कि महेश के लिए कौन सा विकल्प सबसे उपयुक्त होगा और क्यों?\nc) आपराधिक गतिविधियों के गठजोड़ को दूर करने और ऐसी प्रथाओं को रोकने के लिए कुछ नवीन उपाय सुझाएँ।","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[47,"Q.10) In a bustling city administration office in a state, Joint Municipal Commissioner Meera, who is also the Public Information Officer (PIO) faces a challenging situation. Recently, an RTI application has been received, demanding details about public infrastructure projects initiated during her tenure. Upon reviewing the requested information, Meera discovers that certain decisions made regarding these projects were not entirely sound in hindsight. These decisions, although taken in good faith and after due diligence, failed to realize promised outcomes. There were other employees also who were party to this decision. The disclosure of this information could potentially lead to scrutiny and backlash against herself, the employees, and contractors involved. Known for her integrity and commitment to public service, Meera finds herself at a crossroads. The RTI Act has served as a critical check against administrative arbitrariness, ensuring transparency and accountability. However, she also observes a troubling trend. RTI applications are often used by vested interests and activists seeking personal gain rather than genuine public interest. Some activists even resort to threats or extortion tactics, undermining the integrity of the RTI process. She fears the requested RTI information could be similarly exploited. Moreover, the employees involved are requesting her to withhold the information. In navigating this situation, Meera weighs her options carefully.\na) Critically examine the options available to Meera in the above situation.\nb) Which of the above would be the most appropriate for Meera and why?","20 marks, 250","20"],[52,"Q.11) You are the Operations Manager at a rapidly growing technology startup, Tech Nova Innovations, which prides itself on its cutting-edge solutions and ability to deliver projects on time. The startup culture is fast paced, with tight deadlines and high expectations from both clients and investors. Your current project, developing a new AI-driven platform, is crucial for securing future funding and partnerships. Your team is small but skilled, consisting of four software developers and two project coordinators, with an equal number of men and women.\nRecently, your team has faced significant challenges. Riya, one of the female software developers, has requested personal leave to care for her ailing father. Meanwhile, another female team member, Shabnam, is struggling to balance her work responsibilities with the care of her infant child. The remaining team members have had to take on additional tasks, affecting their work-life balance, leading to increased stress and frustration. As the project deadline approaches, the strain within the team becomes evident. During a critical review meeting, Arjun, a senior developer, expresses his frustration, \"Maybe it's not a good idea to have team members who can't commit full-time during crucial phases.\" The comment sparks immediate backlash. Chetna, a project coordinator, finds Arjun's remark deeply offensive and reports the incident to the Human Resources (HR) Department. She also threatens to take the issue to social media, potentially harming the startup's public image. The HR Department, based at the startup's headquarters, investigates the complaint and recommends taking strict action against Arjun for his unprofessional and insensitive comment. They highlighted the importance of maintaining an inclusive and respectful workplace culture. This recommendation places you in a difficult position. The project is already behind schedule, and losing a senior developer like Arjun could severely impact its timely completion.\nYou are now faced with a complex dilemma. On one hand, it is essential to address the insensitive remark and ensure a respectful work environment. On the other hand, you must keep the project on track without further demotivating your team.\na) Discuss the ethical issues involved in this case.\nb) As the Operations Manager, how would you deal with the situation?\nc) Based on the case study, discuss the challenges faced by women at workplace. How can such challenges be resolved?","","20"],[53,"a) इस केस स्टडी में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\nb) संचालन प्रबंधक के रूप में, आप इस स्थिति से कैसे निपटेंगे?\nc) केस स्टडी के आधार पर, कार्यस्थल पर महिलाओं के सामने आने वाली चुनौतियों पर चर्चा करें। ऐसे चुनौतियों का समाधान कैसे किया जा सकता है?\na) इस केस स्टडी में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\nb) संचालन प्रबंधक के रूप में, आप इस स्थिति से कैसे निपटेंगे?\nc) केस स्टडी के आधार पर, कार्यस्थल पर महिलाओं के सामने आने वाली चुनौतियों पर चर्चा करें। ऐसे चुनौतियों का समाधान कैसे किया जा सकता है?","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[58,"Q.12) Utkarsh is a dedicated and experienced Chief Engineer in the Public Works Department (PWD) of a major Indian city. His responsibilities include overseeing the maintenance and construction of the city's infrastructure. One of his critical responsibilities is managing the safety and welfare of the PWD workers. A sudden strike by the workers' union of the PWD erupted over the issue of compensation to a construction worker who died while repairing a major bridge in the city. The case was brought to Utkarsh's attention for resolution.\nThe deceased worker, Shyam Lal, was part of a team tasked with repairing a crucial bridge that connected two busy parts of the city. During the repair, an unfortunate accident occurred where a section of the bridge collapsed. Shyam Lal fell from a significant height, suffering severe injuries. He was immediately rushed to the hospital but succumbed to his injuries shortly after arrival. Shyam Lal was 45 years old and the sole breadwinner for his family, which included his wife and three young children.\nThe initial investigation revealed that Shyam Lal had not been wearing the mandatory safety harness at the time of the accident. The management, upon learning of this, is considering not providing extra compensation to Shyam Lal's family, citing negligence on his part.\nThe PWD workers' union was outraged by this decision, arguing that the lack of proper training and supervision were the primary cause of the accident. They demanded full compensation for Shyam Lal's family, like what other workers receive who die in the line of duty, and a job for one family member.\nWith no satisfactory response from the management, the union went on strike, halting all ongoing maintenance and construction projects in the city. The strike has continued for two weeks, causing significant disruption to the city's infrastructure projects and leading to public outcry. Utkarsh is now tasked with finding a resolution to this deadlock.\na) What are the options available to Utkarsh to meet the above situation? Critically examine each of the options identified by him.\nb) What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by Utkarsh?\nc) What course of action should Utkarsh adopt to diffuse the above situation?","","20"],[59,"a) उपरोक्त स्थिति से निपटने के लिए उनके के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं? उनके द्वारा सुझाए गए प्रत्येक विकल्प की आलोचनात्मक जांच कीजिए।\nb) उनके के सामने और भी नैतिक दुविधाएं हैं?\nc) उपरोक्त स्थिति से निपटने के लिए उन्हें क्या कदम उठाने चाहिए?","","20 अंक"]]},{"i":113,"t":"Aditya Acharya","c":"Forumias","p":"GS1","y":2024,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/ADITYA-ACHARYA-UPSC-2024-Rank-96-MGP-Sample-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[2,"Q4 Analyse Dr. B.R. Ambedkar's views of state socialism, highlighting its implications for political & social democracy in India.","",""],[5,"6) British colonial rule had profound impact on Indian agriculture, fundamentally altering the traditional agrarian economy which led to severe peasant resistance. Discuss.","",""],[9,"Q1 The diversity of landforms across the Earth's surface reflects the unique signatures left by different geomorphic agents. In this context, describe various erosional and depositional landforms created by glacial action.","",""],[11,"Q5 Explain the factors contributing to variability of Indian monsoon. Also discuss multi-dimensional impact.","",""],[13,"Q6 Describing the distribution of palm oil producing countries, throw light on major environmental issues faced by them.","",""],[15,"01 At time of new independence, India was beset with multiple challenges. Enumerate those challenges; analyse how far India has been able to address them.","",""],[16,"How far India able to address them?","",""],[17,"28 What do you understand by Meiji restoration? Discuss its impact on Japan & world.","",""],[19,"09 Discuss the reasons for rise in prevalence of substance abuse in India. Also examine its impact in family in society.","",""],[21,"a10 Do you think UCC is essential in a multi-cultural & diverse country like India? Justify your answer.","",""],[23,"Q11 Discuss how Bhakti movement, along with questioning the established social order also made substantial contribution to development of devotional literature.","",""],[26,"Q12 The Marathas posed formidable challenge to British expansion but could not consolidate their power into centralised authority capable of rivaling British dominance in India. Comment.","",""],[27,"4 Why Marathas could not overpower British?","",""],[29,"Q1B The political reorganisation of states and territories has been ongoing process in post independence era. Discuss with examples, how successful has it been in accommodating diverse regional aspirations?","",""],[32,"Q14 Highlighting the contributions of revolutionaries in Indian Freedom movement, discuss factors that limited their efforts.","",""],[35,"Q15 \"The aspirations of Indian national movements extended to securing social justice and economic regeneration, in addition to political freedom.\" Elaborate.","",""],[38,"Q16 \"The paper partition of Africa and its prolonged journey to decolonisation stand in contrast to colonial experiences elsewhere. Analyse.\"","",""],[41,"Q17 \"India faces grave water crisis due to soaring demand, pollution and climate change which necessitates urgent measures to ensure water security for all.\" Examine.","",""],[44,"Q18 Provide a reasoned account of global distribution of volcanoes with help of a world map. Also discuss various consequences of volcanoes.","",""],[47,"Q19 \"A seemingly casteless upper caste and apparently caste defined lower caste is one of central aspects of institution of caste in contemporary times,\" comment.","",""],[50,"Q20 Tolerance and harmony are engrained in societal ethos of India, but communal discord remains a significant threat to nation's pluralistic fabric. Elaborate.","",""]]},{"i":118,"t":"Aditya Agarwal","c":"Nextias","p":"GS1","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/4/gs-mac-test-4-aditya-agarwal-1745407364890.pdf","q":[[4,"Q.1 \nA \"It is wrong to assume that ethical decisions are, can or should be purely rational and principled. Human feelings are an inseparable part of our ethical life.\" In what way do feelings impact our ethical decisions? Illustrate with examples. (150 words, 10 marks)\nB What do you understand by ethics management? Can public officials manage ethics in the work place in a manner similar to managing budgets, policies and people? Do you think adopting codes of ethics and conduct is sufficient enough for managing ethics in the workplace or something more is needed? Discuss. (150 words, 10 marks)","",""],[8,"Q.2 A. While traditional ethics has focussed on notions of justice, fair allocation and obligations, ethics of care emphasise maintaining connectedness and promoting care. Which of the above two ethical perspectives is more suitable for guiding ethical decision making in the context of public services. Explain your position with suitable examples.\nB What does the term \"quality\" mean in service delivery. What are the components of service quality and indicate ways and means for ensuring total quality in terms of efficiency, economy and effectiveness?","10","150"],[11,"Q.3 \nA In the context of public service, what does public service attitude mean? Discuss the attitude biases that affects a public servants on field decision making? Explain how a public servant can overcome such attitude biases? (150 words, 10 marks)\nB \"I am a Moslem; I am a Hindu; I am a Christian; I am a Jew.\" Mahatma Gandhi. What did Mahatma Gandhi mean by the above statement? Some philosophers have argued that religion is harmful to the moral life, whereas others have claimed that it is necessary to it. Explain your position on the relationship between religion and morality. (150 words, 10 marks)","",""],[15,"Q.4 A. \"There is only one responsibility of business, namely to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase profits.\" Do you think corporations, by indulging in social responsibilities, are compromising their core resource utilisation and production responsibility by diverting resources into unproductive social endeavours? (150 words, 10 marks)\n\nB. Do you think values such as \"tyaga,\" (renunciation) \"seva,\" (service) \"daanam,\" (Charity) \"damah,\" (self-control) that are espoused in traditional Indian Wisdom have relevance for modern day public servants? Why? Why not? (150 words, 10 marks)","10","150"],[19,"Q.5 A. Explain the difference between conflict among interests and conflict among various sources of authority. Illustrate with relevant examples. (150 words, 10 marks)\n\nB. The domain of governance is ridden with uncertainties, ambiguities and paradoxes and this can at times lead to timidity and withdrawal among public administrators. Discuss the relevance of inner courage for overcoming and coping with ambiguities. (150 words, 10 marks)\nA Explain the difference between conflict among interests and conflict among various sources of authority. Illustrate with relevant examples.\nB The domain of governance is ridden with uncertainties, ambiguities and paradoxes and this can at times lead to timidity and withdrawal among public administrators. Discuss the relevance of inner courage for overcoming and coping with ambiguities.","10","150"],[23,"Q.6 Given below are three quotations of philosophers. What do each of the quotations convey to you in the present context?\nA \"To feel for others, and little for ourselves; to restrain our selfish, and exercise our benevolent affections, constitutes the perfection of human nature.\" Adam Smith (150 words, 10 marks)\nB \"Virtue lies in our power, and so does vice; because where it is in our power to act, it is also in our power not to act.\" Aristotle (150 words, 10 marks)\nC \"I know that I am intelligent, because I know that I know nothing.\" Socrates (150 words, 10 marks)","10","150"],[29,"1 What are the ethical issues and dilemmas that confronts you in the above case?\n2 Discuss the available options along with its merits and demerits.\n3 What will be your chosen course of action? Why","20","250"],[30,"1) Ethical issues involved in the case\ni) Adopting a process that is hazardous and displaying product as eco-friendly\nii) Legal standards even though met technically harm the environment\niii) Portrayal of company as 'Green' and releasing hazardous waste\niv) Polluting the community for profits of company\nv) Inadequate legal standards to protect the environment","",""],[34,"1. You are the District Collector of a rural district where traditional social customs and religious practices strongly influence daily life. Recently, a case has emerged involving a local temple and its long-standing tradition of excluding women from certain religious rituals and spaces.\n\nA group of educated young women from the village, inspired by the increasing national dialogue on gender equality, has petitioned for the right to participate in these religious rituals. They argued that excluding women is discriminatory and violates their constitutional rights. However, the temple authorities and a significant portion of the local community vehemently oppose this change, citing religious texts and long-standing customs.\n\nAs the District Collector, you face a complex ethical dilemma. Legally, you are obliged to uphold the Indian Constitution, which guarantees equality and prohibits gender-based discrimination. However, enforcing this law could lead to significant unrest in the community, where traditional customs and religious beliefs are deeply entrenched. And you are aware that the district has a history of unrest on religious matters, and local politicians did not mind stoking the unrest for political gains.\n\nThe moral argument for gender equality clashes with the community's religious sentiments. The temple authorities believe that altering the rituals would desecrate their sacred traditions. Meanwhile, the women demanding entry see this as a moral and legal fight for their rights. You as a district collector was in a precarious dilemma, one on hand being a progressive officer you knew what is the right thing to do but on the other as an administrative professional you didn't want an unrest with religious tone at your hands.\n1. Who are the administrative and ethical issues involved in the above situation?\n2. What alternatives do you have in the above situation?\n3. Discuss the merits and demerits of each alternative and explain the action chosen by you with reasons.","20","250"],[35,"1. What are the administrative and ethical issues involved in the above situation?\n2. What are the options available to you in the above situation?\n3. Discuss the merits and demerits of each option and explain your chosen course of action along with reasons. (250 words, 20 marks)","20","250"],[39,"1. What are the issues involved in the above case?\n2. Is it ethically justified to be devoted to duty at the cost of the personal safety of the staff? Discuss.\n3. How will you go about doing your election duties without compromising the safety of your staff? Explain.","20","250"],[42,"3 The actions that are needed to ensure staff safety without compromising the election duty","",""],[44,"Case Study 4 A smart city project is underway, and you have been appointed Head of Procurement. Before this assignment, you held a similar role in a major public sector undertaking (PSU), where you earned a reputation for your tender drafting and vendor management skills. Given the smart city project's scale and significant procurement requirements, you seemed the perfect fit to lead the procurement section.\n\nA month ago, your section invited tenders for building supplies. Among the applicants was Mr. Sharma, a supplier you knew from your previous role at the PSU. Mr. Sharma lived in your neighbourhood, and your spouses were friends. Despite this personal connection, you have always maintained strict professional boundaries.\n\nUpon scrutinising all the tenders, your section found Mr. Sharma's terms the most competitive, so the tender was awarded to him. However, once the decision was made public, another vendor, Mr Patel, accused you of colluding with Mr Sharma due to your previous relationship.\n\nMr. Patel filed a formal complaint with the Department Seniors, providing evidence of your prior association with Mr. Sharma. As a result, an enquiry was initiated, and you were placed on compulsory leave pending its outcome. This situation left you questioning where you might have gone wrong despite your efforts to maintain professionalism.\n1 Do you think the above case involves a conflict of interest or there are more issues? Explain\n2 Keeping the above case in perspective, discuss the relevance of impartiality and non-partisanship as professional value.\n3 In hindsight, how do you think you could have avoided the above unpleasant situation.","20","250"],[49,"Case Study 5 You have recently joined the Statistical Department of the State as Deputy Head of Records. Your duties involved supervising the timely inflow of data, scrutinising the data source and ensuring data entry and updating. You had a staff of 32 to manage, and it was a mixed bag; some were young recruits, some were in the department for some time, and some were on the verge of retirement. Overall, the Staff was not very efficient, but somehow they managed their jobs.\n\nIn one of the meetings, the Head of the Department mentioned outsourcing of jobs of your staff as a cost-cutting measure. But there were no serious deliberations, so you didn’t think much of it.\n\nBut yesterday, you received an official order stating that your department tasks will be outsourced and your Staff will be downsized. You had no problems with outsourcing, but you did not favour downsizing as it would lead to people losing their jobs.\n\nYou sought a meeting with your Head to discuss the ramifications of the new order, specifically the downsizing part. Your Head was very emphatic about the whole process and seemed to be least concerned with people losing their livelihood. Disappointed, you got back to your office thinking of ways of saving your staff’s jobs. In utter desperation, you wrote to the concerned Minister, marking a copy to your Head and the Chief Secretary. The Minister sympathetically received the note, and he assured some positive action. But your Head was not happy about you going above without his consent. He immediately orders your transfer and starts disciplinary proceedings for non-compliance with the office order.\n1 Discuss the administrative and ethical issues involved in the above case.\n2 Do you think it was morally right on your part to write to the minister? Justify\n3 How will you respond to the action initiated against you? Discuss the available options and justify your selected course of action","20","250"],[54,"Case Study 6 You are an IAS officer recently appointed as the Deputy Secretary in the Ministry of Rural Development. Your responsibilities include overseeing the implementation of various rural development schemes and ensuring their efficient execution.\n\nDuring an audit of the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) funds, you discover substantial irregularities. It appears that a significant portion of the funds allocated for rural employment projects has been siphoned off by senior officials within the ministry through fraudulent invoices and fake beneficiary lists. The funds meant for the rural poor have been diverted to personal accounts.\n\nYou are faced with an ethical dilemma. Reporting this corruption could lead to severe repercussions for you as the implicated senior officials are politically influential and have strong connections. You have also received subtle threats implying that your career progression could be jeopardised if you proceed with the disclosure. On the other hand, ignoring the corruption would mean perpetuating a cycle of exploitation and depriving the rural poor of their rightful benefits.\n1 What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\n2 What are the options available to you?\n3 Identify and explain your chosen course of action after evaluating the merits and demerits of each option.","20","250"]]},{"i":115,"t":"Aditya Agarwal","c":"Nextias","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/4/gs-mac-test-1-aditya-agarwal-1745407121798.pdf","q":[[4,"Q1. Examine the role of numismatic evidence in understanding the political and economic history of ancient India. Provide specific examples.","10",""],[6,"Q2 Assess the impact of women's organizations in mobilizing women across diverse socio-economic and regional backgrounds in pre-independence India.","10",""],[8,"Q3 How did the policy of non-alignment reflect the aspirations of India and other newly independent nations to maintain their sovereignty and resist colonial pressures?","10",""],[10,"Q4 Discuss the processes involved in volcanism. Highlight the major volcanic regions in the world and their associated tectonic settings.","10",""],[12,"Q5 Explain the geological features and ecological importance of the Eastern Ghats.","10 अंक",""],[14,"Q6 Earlier known as coarse cereals the government rebranded millets in 2018 as nutri-cereals. In this context discuss the ecological and nutritional significance of millets","10 अंक) [10",""],[16,"Q7. What are the potential consequences of Arctic ice melt on biodiversity and ecosystems? How might these changes impact global ecological balance","10",""],[18,"Q8 Do you think the Uniform Civil Code contradicts the idea of religious pluralism and cultural differences in Indian society?","10",""],[20,"Q9. Discuss the concept of healthy active ageing in the context of demographic shifts in India. How does it contribute to social inclusion?","10",""],[22,"Q10 How is the transition from 'conscious consumption' to 'compulsive consumption' impacting family structure and dynamics in urban areas?","10",""],[24,"Q11. Discuss with examples the key features of Vijayanagara architecture. How did Indo-Islamic elements manifest in their structures?","15",""],[27,"Q12 Compare and contrast the features of ancient Indian universities like Nalanda and Takshashila with modern state-funded universities in India. What lessons can modern universities learn from ancient ones to improve their effectiveness?","15",""],[30,"Q13. Analyze the ideological differences and similarities between the revolutionary movement (1920-1930s) and the Gandhian non-violent struggle. How did these two ideologies influence each other?","15",""],[33,"Q14 What are the various types of glacial landforms formed in the Indian Himalayas. How do these features impact local ecosystems and human activities?","15",""],[36,"Q15. Discuss the unique geographical features of the Indian Ocean and their impact on global oceanic circulation patterns. How do these features influence the climate of the Indian subcontinent?","15",""],[39,"Q16 Urban heat islands (UHIs) have become a significant phenomenon in Indian cities, exacerbating the frequency and intensity of heat waves. Analyze the underlying factors contributing to this phenomenon and critically assess the existing mitigation strategies.","15",""],[42,"Q17 Evaluate the primary factors contributing to regional disparities in the sugar industry between North India and Peninsular India. What measures can be undertaken to reduce the surplus sugar production?","15",""],[45,"Q18 'Social mobility is essential for achieving true equality within society'. In this context highlight the barriers to intergenerational mobility in Indian society, and examine the role of education on social mobility.","15",""],[48,"Q19 Analyze the influence of globalization on migration patterns in India. What are the economic and social implications of increased internal and international migration?","15",""],[51,"Q20 Discuss how gender-based violence in India is a manifestation of patriarchal values. To what extent has modernisation in law served as an instrument of women's empowerment in this regard?","15",""]]},{"i":116,"t":"Aditya Agarwal","c":"Nextias","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/4/gs-mac-test-2-aditya-agarwal-1745407232246.pdf","q":[[4,"Q1. The rule of law and judicial review are interdependent, as one cannot truly exist without the other. In this context can judicial review be considered the most important aspect among those that constitute the basic structure of the Constitution?","10","150"],[6,"Q2 How does the power and authority of Delhi's lieutenant governor compare to that of the governors of other states, particularly in terms of acting on the aid and advice of the council of ministers?","10","150"],[8,"Q3 Discuss the role of the judiciary in navigating the tension between the right to religion and constitutional morality in India in recent times. Refer to relevant case laws.","10","150"],[10,"Q4 The principle of 'Separation of Powers' is a key feature of the American Constitution. In this context, compare how the Indian Constitution's functional separation of powers distinguishes itself from the US system. What are the advantages of a check and balance system over a rigid Separation of Powers?","10","150"],[12,"Q5 The Sixth Schedule of the Indian Constitution is more than a legal provision that empowers tribal regions with self-rule. How does the sixth schedule foster development while respecting their traditional governance systems and cultural practices?","10","150"],[14,"Q6. How do partnerships between Civil Society Organizations and Government Entities contribute to India's development goals?","10","150"],[16,"Q7. Discuss the importance of cultivating a culture of life-long learning among Indian civil servants. How has Mission Karmyogi contributed to this objective? Illustrate with examples.","10","150"],[18,"Q8 Given India's strides in reducing extreme poverty, should the country consider redefining its poverty line to better reflect the current socio-economic realities? Discuss the potential benefits and challenges associated with redefinition of the poverty line.","10","150"],[20,"Q9 Evaluate the impact of the deepening political divisions with the major Western States on global governance and international cooperation. How should India navigate these divisions to advance its national interests on the global stage?","10","150"],[22,"Q10. How does India's Arctic Policy align with its broader foreign policy objectives? Broadly discuss the collaborations and agreements India is involved in with the Arctic Council.","10","150"],[24,"Q11. In what ways are the terms of reference of the 16th Finance Commission different from that of the previous Finance Commissions? Despite increasingly progressive devolution by subsequent Finance Commissions, examine the factors that propel economic disparities across various States.","15","250"],[27,"Q12 Compare and contrast the powers and working of the Ethics Committee and the Privileges Committee in addressing cases of 'unethical' conduct and breach of privileges. How do these Committees complement each other in maintaining parliamentary discipline?","15","250"],[30,"Q13 In the context of persistent legislative dysfunction in India, analyze the evolving role of judicial activism in shaping public policy and governance. Using examples from landmark court cases, evaluate the effectiveness of judicial interventions in addressing governance gaps and safeguarding citizens' rights.","15","250"],[33,"Q14 To what extent does the level of internal democracy within political parties impact the functioning and legitimacy of the Indian party system? What reforms can address the challenges of inadequate intraparty democracy in India?","15","250"],[36,"Q15 \"The NHRC must not only be a watchdog but also a beacon of hope for the marginalized and oppressed.\" In this context discuss the role and mandate of the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) in India. How does the current composition and functioning of the NHRC affect its independence and effectiveness?","15","250"],[39,"Q16 The persistent health equity challenges in India pose a critical barrier in achieving Universal Health Coverage. In this context discuss the role of the public and private sectors in ensuring adequate health access and outcomes across rural and urban areas.","15","250"],[42,"Q17 Achievement of Sustainable Development Goals requires consideration of regional context and local situations. In light of this statement examine the role of Panchayats as catalysts for grassroot development and advancing sustainable development.","15","250"],[45,"Q18 What are the implications of the POCSO Act on the rights and welfare of children in India? Analyze the role of the POCSO Act in transforming India's legal framework for child protection.","15","250"],[48,"Q19 Examine the influence of human rights issues and democratic values on the diplomatic relationship between the U.S. and India. How have these concerns affected bilateral engagements and what can be done to mitigate tensions arising from these issues?","15","250"],[51,"Q20 Examine the geopolitical challenges India faces in South Asia despite its global rise. How can India navigate these challenges to strengthen its regional leadership?","15","250"]]},{"i":117,"t":"Aditya Agarwal","c":"Nextias","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/4/gs-mac-test-3-aditya-agarwal-1745407330587.pdf","q":[[4,"1. Highlighting the factors contributing to high fiscal deficit in India, discuss the potential consequences of such deficit and suggest measures to ensure fiscal consolidation.","10","150"],[6,"2. India's aspiration to be a developed nation by 2047 hinges on significant capital investment. In light of this, discuss the potential of capital investment in achieving this vision. What are the challenges India faces in this regard?","10","150"],[8,"3. \"With growing urbanization, peri-urban agriculture is emerging as a significant contributor to fresh farm produce needs\". In this context, discuss the opportunities and challenges associated with promoting peri-urban agriculture in a sustainable manner.","10","150"],[10,"4. What are the major challenges faced by India's agriculture sector to achieve self-sufficiency in pulses and vegetable oils? Suggest measures to address these challenges.","10","150"],[12,"5. Evaluate the potential of biomanufacturing and bio-foundry in driving India's future towards a sustainable green economy.","10","150"],[14,"6. What are the principles behind the working of Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV)? Explain the significance and potential benefits of use of RLVs in India's space commerce.","10","150"],[16,"7. Examine the key features of the Carbon Credit Trading Scheme (CCTS) 2023. Analyze its potential for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions in India.","10","150"],[18,"8. In light of the increased intensity, frequency and duration of heat waves in the last decade, do you think the time has come to include \"heat waves\" as a notified disaster under the Disaster Management Act, 2005?","10","150"],[20,"9. Recently formulated 'joint doctrine for cyberspace operations' by Indian armed forces will lead to strengthening of the cyber-security posture for both conventional operations as well as gray zone warfare. Examine.","10","150"],[22,"10. Discuss the necessity and potential issues surrounding the extension of the Border Security Force's (BSF) territorial jurisdiction in states adjacent to Pakistan and Bangladesh.","10","150"],[24,"11. India's economic growth story is often overshadowed by the persistent challenges of unemployment. Analyze the concept of structural unemployment and discuss its relevance in the context of India's current economic situation. Suggest policy measures to promote inclusive job growth.","15","250"],[27,"12. Discuss the role of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in fostering regional growth in India. How can MSMEs contribute to achieving industrial diversification and technological advancement?","15","250"],[30,"13. \"The sole point of MSP is to protect farmers from sudden price shock\". Do you think legalization of MSP can insure farmers from sudden price shocks? What are the other measures which can be taken to make MSP-led procurement effective?","15","250"],[33,"14. Discuss the role of the Food Corporation of India (FCI) in the Public Distribution System (PDS) to ensure food security in India. Suggest necessary reforms in the functioning of FCI to enhance its efficiency and effectiveness.","15","250"],[36,"15. Discuss the role of nanotechnology on enhancing agricultural productivity and food security in India. Highlight recent developments and potential benefits and risks of use of nano-fertilizers and nano-pesticides.","15","250"],[39,"16. The Nobel Prize in Physics of 2023 was jointly awarded to Ekimov, Brus and Bawendi for the discovery of synthesis of quantum dots. In this context, discuss the applications of quantum dots.","15","250"],[42,"17. Evaluate the role of protected areas in biodiversity conservation in India. How effective have national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, and biosphere reserves been in preserving India's biodiversity?","15","250"],[45,"18. What the causes of high levels of particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) and ozone pollution in India. How effective are the various steps taken by the government to mitigate particulate matter and ozone pollution?","15","250"],[48,"19. The International Narcotics Control Board (INCB) Report 2023 highlights a growing menace of drug trafficking in South Asia, with India being a major hub. Analyze the various dimensions of this challenge with respect to India. Also suggest a multi-pronged approach to address it.","15","250"],[51,"20. India's response to left wing extremism needs to integrate soft approaches like socio-economic policies and dialogue along with hard security measures to address the root causes of Naxalism. Discuss.","15","250"]]},{"i":114,"t":"Aditya Agarwal","c":"Forumias","p":"GS3","y":2024,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/ADITYA-VIKRAM-AGARWAL-UPSC-2024-Rank-9-MGP-Sample-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) What do you understand from land subsidence? Explaining various reasons behind land subsidence, recommend measures to arrest the calamity.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Despite being rich in forest resources, why do tropical regions have limited growth of the lumbering industry in comparison to temperate regions?","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) What are the suitable conditions for the formation of a tropical cyclone? Also, bring out differences between a tropical and an extra-tropical cyclone.","10","150"],[8,"Differences between a tropical and extra-tropical cyclone:\ni) Regions - tropical cyclones are formed between equator and tropic of cancer whereas temperate cyclones are formed in temperate regions.\nii) Tropical cyclones are formed in sea and travel towards land. Temperate cyclones can form on land as well.\niii) Temperate cyclones are formed as a result of formation of polar front.\niv) Temperate cyclones are more destructive in nature.","",""],[9,"Q.4) Elucidate the differences between Western and Indian model of secularism. To what extent do you agree with the criticism that Indian model of secularism is susceptible to promoting minority appeasement?","10","150"],[10,"(i) State intervention in minority religious for its promotion and protection is permitted - this allows politicization of religious issues for vote-bank politics.\n(ii) Some religions form majority is in specific regions - Sikhism in Punjab or Muslims in Lakshadweep - appeasement leads to increased chances of election wins.","",""],[11,"Q.5 Discuss the multi-dimensional implications of uneven distribution of semiconductor industry in the world.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) Examining the reasons behind erratic Monsoon, highlight the possible outcomes of the same.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) Why is Antarctic becoming an area of renewed human interest? Examine the significance of Antarctic bill, 2022 in protecting India's interest in the region.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) How does the Eastern coast of India differ in its geographical features from the western coast?","10","150"],[19,"Q.9) Explain the meaning of colour-coded weather warnings for:\na) Rainstorms\nb) Thunderstorms\nc) Duststorms","10","150"],[21,"Q.10) How has globalization and urbanization impacted the Indian family system?","10","150"],[23,"Q.11) Coral reefs are considered to be at the epicentre of marine ecology; however, their existence is threatened due to a plethora of anthropogenic and natural causes. Comment.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12 Discuss the causes for salinity ingress along with its various consequences and potential solutions.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 The actualization of a seamless urban mass transport is hackled by a slew of factors. Identifying these factors, recommend measures to create a robust paradigm for urban mass transport.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 The economic and strategic significance of mineral wealth of a country cannot be seen in isolation from the associated socio-ecological impacts of their extraction. Discuss in light of the newfound lithium reserves in Northern India.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 Examine the reasons behind generation of regional sentiments? Do you agree that regional sentiments and cultural assertiveness may lead to the issue of separatism?","15","250"],[38,"Q.16) Explain the mechanism and occurrence of earthquake. With the help of map given below, throw light upon the vulnerability of regions affected by earthquake and earthquake related disasters.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 Enumerating different types of tides highlight their significance. Also, explain how tides are different from waves.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 With special reference to India, elucidate how globalisation - a multifaceted phenomenon - has had positive socio-economic outcomes on one hand and widened the gaps between the haves and have nots on the other?","15","250"],[47,"Q.19) What makes India one of the most vulnerable regions to climate change? Discuss the role of governments, citizens, and businesses in building climate resilience.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 All deserts are rain deficit, but are formed due to different reasons. Discuss. Also, analyse various adaptations in the flora and fauna to survive the water deficit conditions.","15","250"]]},{"i":119,"t":"Aditya Aggarwal","c":"Nextias","p":"Essay","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/4/aditya-essay-test-1-1745477977423.pdf","q":[[6,"Q.1 If it costs you your peace, it is too expensive.","",""],[18,"Q.8 Present demonstrates the lessons of history, albeit the hard way.","",""]]},{"i":120,"t":"Aditya Agrawal","c":"Nextias","p":"Essay","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/4/aditya-essay-test-3-1745478106195.pdf","q":[[5,"Q.3 The greatest risk is to risk nothing at all.","",""],[17,"Q.5 Geopolitics affects every country, whether at war or at peace.","",""]]},{"i":121,"t":"Aditya Hriday Upadhyay","c":"Forumias","p":"Essay","y":2025,"r":154,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/ADITYA-HRIDAY-UPADHYAY-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-154-Sample-Essay-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"1. Before the borders are broken the minds are invaded.\n2. Talent and passion are only useful tools if one has the work ethic to back them up.\n3. The opportunity of interfaith dialogue: modern solution for globalised world.\n4. The only impossible journey is the one you never begin.","",""],[4,"\"What resists initiative\"  \"What should we do make impossible possible\"","",""],[9,"What stops us from beginning.","",""],[16,"1. Science applied is the engine of humanity.\n2. Eyes cannot see what the mind does not know.\n3. Doubt is the origin of wisdom.\n4. The relation between environment, resources and conflict is same as the connection between Democracy, human rights and peace.","",""]]},{"i":122,"t":"Aditya Hriday Upadhyay","c":"Forumias","p":"GS1","y":2025,"r":154,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/ADITYA-HRIDAY-UPADHYAY-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-154-Sample-MGP-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) In many ways, the Spanish civil war was the opening act of WWII. Comment.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) How will you explain the different fates of Buddhism and Jainism despite a slew of similarities in the two religions?","10","150"],[7,"Q.3 Non-Cooperation Movement democratized India's freedom struggle but suffered from inherent limitations. Discuss.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) Critically analyse the efficacy of linguistic reorganization of states in addressing the reasons for linguistic divides in post-independent India.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5 Briefly discuss the role of plate tectonics theory in explaining the location of volcanoes. Also, explain the multifarious impacts of volcanoes on the surrounding regions.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6 Taking further the success of Aspirational Districts Programme, Aspirational Blocks can help achieve the twin objectives of balanced growth and checking stress migration. Comment.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) Describe the critical factors for location of defense industries and suggest measures to overcome the challenges.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) To what extent can Socio-Economic-Caste Census (SECC) address the challenges in achieving equitable resource allocation and targeted welfare?","10","150"],[19,"Q.9 Indian society is premised on some common values that give it a composite texture as well as some diverse practices that deepen its heterogeneity. Elucidate.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10) What are the factors that influence population growth in the country? In this perspective, examine the relevance and need of raising the minimum marriageable age of women for population development.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11 Bring out the reasons behind the tribal unrest in British India. Also, analyze the reasons for their limited success.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12 The independence of India was not a result of a forced expulsion of the Empire, as desired by the Quit India Movement; it was rather a confluence of domestic politics and global circumstances. Analyze.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 Explain why Sufism, a liberal reform movement in Islam could deepen its roots in the Indian sub-continent, despite Islam being a foreign religion? Also, bring out the impacts of Sufism on Indian society.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14) Enumerate the reasons behind rising intensity and frequency of cyclones in the Arabian Sea in recent years. Giving special reference to NDMA guidelines, recommend measures to check the adverse impacts of cyclones.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 Examine the impacts of climate change on the hydrological cycle and suggest suitable mitigation and adaptation strategies to contain the harmful implications.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16) Defining continental shelf, highlight its resource potential and ecological significance.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17) Rooted in patriarchal values, gender-based violence, in all its manifestations, is antithetical to societal growth. Explain.","15","250"],[43,"How to Rectify Gender Based Violence","",""],[44,"Q.18) The caste calculus in the Indian society remains predominant and continues to project its shadow on social, political, and economic domains. Do you agree? Substantiate your answer.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19) Discuss various factors contributing to the water woes faced by Indian cities. Also, explain complexities in implementing a comprehensive water management plan.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 Though important elements of group identity, religion and region also run the risk of deepening communal cleavages. Comment.","15","250"],[54,"When must you seek mentorship?","",""]]},{"i":123,"t":"Aditya Hriday Upadhyay","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2025,"r":154,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/ADITYA-HRIDAY-UPADHYAY-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-154-Sample-MGP-Copy-2.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) Discuss the role of the 'Fourth Estate' in upholding democratic values and analyse the issues affecting press freedom in India.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) The electoral process, though inclusionary in theory, has been pointed out for exclusionary tendencies in practice. Analyse, with special emphasis on role of women in India's representative electoral system.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) Human dignity, stemming from right to life, does not end with death penalty. In this context, throw light on various controversies surrounding capital punishment in the country.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) Assess the effectiveness of Inter-State River Water Disputes Act, 1956 in resolution of river-water disputes. Also describe the potential impact of delays in resolution of water disputes.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5 Discuss the significance of the cooperative model of development in addressing the issues of rural growth.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6 In order to pass the ultimate test of good governance, welfare state should be close to the people, responsive to their aspirations, and inclusive in its approach. Discuss with special reference to PM PVTG Development Mission.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7 To what extent collaboration between the state and civil society organizations (CSOs) help in addressing poverty and malnutrition in the country?","10","150"],[17,"Q.8 Absence of a robust social infrastructure in the country may become one of the most significant challenges in achieving a developed status by 2047. Discuss.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9 Though the changing paradigm towards dialogue and diplomacy in West Asia augurs well for India's interests in this otherwise restive region, presence of inimical actors may reverse the gains. Explain.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10 Water diplomacy can redefine the contours of regional cooperation in South Asia. Discuss with special reference to Indus water treaty 1960.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11) Despite constitutional backing to the institutions of local governance, the idea of decentralisation has remained hostage to several structural bottlenecks. Elucidate.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12) Independent judiciary, as envisaged by the constitution, provides the bedrock for a thriving polity; however, executive encroachment may erode its credibility and affect its efficacy. Evaluate.","15","250"],[27,"How Executive Encroachment erodes its credibility and efficacy.","",""],[29,"Q.13 Executive agencies, working as the watchdog against impropriety, are vital to act against the corrupt; however, pandering to vested interests may have the effect of turning the idea of rule of law on its head. Comment, with special reference to controversies associated with the Enforcement Directorate (ED).","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 Critically analyse the role of National Commission for Women (NCW) in wake of its mandate to safeguard women's rights and uphold their socio-economic wellbeing.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 Understanding the extent, source, and complexity of deprivations among the multidimensionally poor contributes to more informed policymaking. In this context, analyze the latest National Multidimensional Poverty Index Report by NITI Aayog.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16 Though lifeblood of a representative democracy, political parties are beset with challenges of their own, limiting their larger role in democratization of the society.","15","250"],[39,"Q.17 Safely managed drinking water services, as desired by Jal Jeevan Mission, are designated to give multifarious benefits cutting across generations. Discuss. Also, elaborate upon the challenges in ensuring the mission's success.","15","250"],[42,"Q.18 Legislation like Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe (Prevention of Atrocities) Act 1989 remains mere legal documents without intense sensitization of public functionaries and the civil society. Discuss.","15","250"],[45,"Q.19 Harbinger of global rebalancing, India-Africa ties are a beacon of inclusive, sustainable, and equitable world. Explain.","15","250"],[48,"Q.20 How do ASEAN centrality, rules-based order, and development partnership with Pacific Island states make Indo-Pacific a theatre of opportunity for India? What are the hurdles in realisation of an inclusive Indo-Pacific construct?","15","250"]]},{"i":124,"t":"Aditya Hriday Upadhyay","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":2025,"r":154,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/ADITYA-HRIDAY-UPADHYAY-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-154-Sample-MGP-Copy-4.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) Where the roots of private virtue are diseased, the fruit of public probity cannot but be corrupt. What do you understand by probity? Discuss ways of inculcating probity in public life.","10","150"],[4,"3. Thinking of others helps us rise above our personal issues.\n How to cultivate Probity","",""],[5,"b) Evaluate the role of citizen's charter in making governance citizen centric. Also, recommend some measures to make citizen's charters more effective.","10","150"],[7,"Q.2) a) Differentiate between the following:\n(i) code of conduct and code of ethics\n(ii) Accountability and responsibility","10","150"],[9,"b) While successful managers make profit for their organizations, it is leaders who build successful organizations. In light of this statement, differentiate between a manager and a leader. Examine why leadership is considered a foundational value for a civil servant.","10","150"],[10,"Why Leadership is foundational value of civil servant","",""],[11,"Q.3) a) Right to Information Act, 2005, aims to make the governance process transparent and accountable, however, the sunshine legislation is beset with several challenges. Analyse.","10","150"],[12,"What are the challenges to RTI","",""],[13,"b) Uniform Civil Code (UCC) aims to create a common set of laws governing personal matters, such as marriage, divorce, inheritance, and adoption, irrespective of individuals' religious affiliations. In the context of the ongoing discourse on UCC in India, examine the challenges that arise when attempting to reconcile legal principles with diverse moral considerations. To what extent should the law be influenced by moral/religious principles?","10","150"],[15,"Q.4) a) \"Why should a man be moral? Because it strengthens his will.\" - Swami Vivekanand. In this perspective, discuss the significance of morality for bringing efficiency and effectiveness in public administration. Do you think moral rigidity can be a hindrance in good governance?","10","150"],[16,"9 Selflessness in teamwork and responsibility placing welfare of public before self.\nQ: Tukaram Omble taking bullets to save himself from public","",""],[17,"b) Various practices and policies are implemented to uphold transparency, fairness, and accountability within administrative systems, encompassing both advantageous and disadvantageous aspects for the stakeholders involved and the overall administrative framework. Explore the ethical considerations that arise from the design and implementation of these administrative practices aiming to foster effective governance.","10","150"],[19,"Q.5) a) Civil servants who embody emotional intelligence exhibit a profound understanding of the human aspect of governance, enabling them to cultivate meaningful relationships, foster cooperation, and drive positive change. Examine ways in which Emotional Intelligence can be inculcated in civil servants.","10","150"],[20,"How EQ can be cultivated in Civil servant","",""],[21,"b) The challenges posed by the corporate sector's impact on climate, environmental sustainability, and living conditions has highlighted the need for responsible and inclusive business practices. In this direction, the contemporary discourse on corporate governance is emphasizing the interconnectedness of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors. Evaluate the ESG framework in equipping the corporate world with the capabilities to fulfill its social roles and responsibilities.","10","150"],[23,"Q.6) What does each of the following quotation mean to you?\na) \"Honesty is the first chapter in the book of wisdom\" - Thomas Jefferson","10","150"],[25,"b) \"When I do good, I feel good; when I do bad, I feel bad, and that is my religion\" - Abraham Lincoln.","10","150"],[27,"c) \"Real change, enduring change, happens one step at a time.\" – Ruth Bader Ginsburg.","10","150"],[29,"Q.7 Prachinmath is a pilgrim town nestled in the laps of Himalayas. The town is part of one of the border states of the country. It serves as the base for a highly revered and well-known pilgrimage undertaken by millions of people every year. The people of Prachinmath, who are largely from a close-knit community of Pahadi tribe, have lived in the area for several generations. The Pahadi people, since many generations, have developed a lifestyle which is integral to the ecosystem of Prachinmath. The traditional knowledge of the tribe passed from one generation to other have helped the people in living with the environment in a sustainable manner. The people of Prachinmath worshipped the local deity, and believed it to be their destiny to live in the region in a peaceful and harmonious way.\nHowever, the increasing pace of unplanned development, uncontrolled religious tourism, creation of strategic infrastructure etc., in the contemporary times have fundamentally altered the minimalistic nature of relationship that the people of Prachinmath had with the local/fragile environment. Prachinmath Bachao Committee (PBC), a civil society organization of Pahadi tribals, has consistently opposed the unbridled and brazen exploitation of the resources of Prachinmath. They have through petitions, jan sabhas, nukkad nataks etc., highlighted the grave consequences of the unsustainable development model that the state and the Union governments were adopting for Prachinmath. However, their petitions had fallen on deaf ears. Moreover, the government justified the infrastructure creation in Prachinmath in order to cater to its strategic and religious significance.\nThe problems came to a head when the government decided to construct a tunnel in Prachinmath, in order to generate hydroelectricity. The PBC as well as prominent geologists of the country vehemently opposed the idea citing its negative impact upon the region. The scientific community was of the opinion that as Prachinmath sits on geological fault lines and is built on a debris of a landslide, any large-scale construction may cause irreparable damage to the environment. Nevertheless, the government went ahead with the project, constructing the tunnel in a record time, citing its necessity for the energy security of the country. Even many economists were of the opinion that increased energy capacity will help India curtail its import bill. Such steps were hailed by the government as the stepping stone of the country towards strategic autonomy.\nThe worst fears of the local and scientific communities came true when the houses in Prachinmath started showing large cracks. The reason for the crack, as found out after a detailed study, was attributed to the subsidence of land in Prachinmath. The sinking of the land, development of large cracks, collapsing of the buildings etc., caught the attention of social, electronic, and print media alike. Overnight, Prachinmath became the talk of the country. Even the international media highlighted the episode, and the existential threat that it posed to the local communities as well as the environment. The state and Union governments swung into action and formed an expert committee, comprising of scientists, bureaucrats, NDRF/SDRF personnel etc., to look into the matter. The committee advised the government to evacuate Prachinmath completely, as the sinking of the land was continuing. Working on the recommendations of the committee, government prepared a detailed resettlement and rehabilitation plan for the people of Prachinmath.\nThe Pahadi people, who squarely blamed the government for the crisis, felt cheated by the actions of the government and refused to evacuate from Prachinmath, the place of their ancestors.\na) What are the various conflicting interests in the above case study.\nb) As a DM of the district in which Prachinmath falls, how will you convince the people to evacuate from the area?\nc) What can we do to avoid such situations in the future.","20","250"],[30,"a) उपरोक्त केस स्टडी में विभिन्न परस्पर विरोधी हित क्या हैं?\nb) जिस जिले में प्राचीनमठ पड़ता है, वहां के डीएम के रूप में आप लोगों को इलाका खाली करने के लिए कैसे मनाएंगे?\nc) भविष्य में ऐसी स्थितियों से बचने के लिए हम क्या कर सकते हैं?\na) उपरोक्त केस स्टडी में विभिन्न परस्पर विरोधी हित क्या हैं?\nb) जिस जिले में प्राचीनमठ पड़ता है, वहां के डीएम के रूप में आप लोगों को इलाका खाली करने के लिए कैसे मनाएंगे?\nc) भविष्य में ऐसी स्थितियों से बचने के लिए हम क्या कर सकते हैं?","20 अंक","250 शब्द"],[35,"Q.8 Vihar is a state in the Northern part of the country. Prohibition laws in the state completely ban the storage, possession, sale, and consumption of liquor in any form. Despite the ban, the liquor mafia in the state has succeeded in supplying spurious liquor through various illegal dens. The activities of liquor mafia flourish under the nose of both the civil administration and the police department. Many Civil Society Organizations, women organizations etc., on numerous occasions complained to the authorities about the illegal production, sale, and consumption of liquor, but their complaints have fallen on deaf ears, and no substantial action was taken by the government to curb the menace.\nAs fate would have it, one day there was an unfortunate incident when a large group of fifty construction labourers died after consuming spurious liquor from an illegal den being operated by the mafia. Many of the victims were sole bread winners of their families. While the state was clear on its position that consuming liquor in the state was an illegal activity that warrants no sympathy or compensation (for the next of kin) from the government, families of the victims and also many CSOs were demanding compensation for the families of the deceased construction laborers.\nThe incident got both national and international coverage in print, electronic, as well as the social media. The pressure on the state government was mounting to amicably resolve the issue.\nAnjali is posted as the Joint Secretary in the Secretariat. The CM has asked her to create a detailed report on how should the state government handle this crisis.\na) Under the given circumstances, what measures should Anjali recommend to handle the above crisis.\nb) Critically evaluate the decision of state government to not compensate the victims of spurious liquor.","20","20"],[40,"Q.9 Kamlesh is a civil servant who has been recently posted as Additional Chief Secretary in the education department of the state. Kamlesh has a meticulous service record and is well known for his honesty, and a no-nonsense attitude. After joining the new department, the first major task before Kamlesh was to conduct the recruitments for the post of lecturers in government schools. The posts were lying vacant for a long time, and the government wanted to fill up the vacancies without further delay as it was one of the poll promises made by the present government. The recruitment process took place successfully under the supervision of Kamlesh. The concerned minister congratulated Kamlesh and informed him that the appointment letters will be allocated to the successful candidates in a ceremony which will be presided by the CM himself. Kamlesh was happy that his work was getting recognition at the highest level. One day, Kamlesh was sitting in his office when his secretary brought him a letter from a leading investigative journalist of the state. The letter dealt with the recently conducted recruitment of the lecturers. Kamlesh was shocked at the content of the letter. The investigative journalist had alleged that the question paper of the exam was leaked to a few successful candidates, who had also forged their documents to appear in the exam. The letter also highlighted a nexus of middlemen, politicians, and civil servants who facilitate such illicit practices. Moreover, the investigative journalist had also attached credible proofs. Kamlesh corroborated the facts of the letters from his own sources and found the allegations to be true prima facie. Since the matter was serious and warranted immediate action, Kamlesh brought the matter to the notice of his minister. To his surprise, the minister asked him to sit over the matter for some time. Minister reasoned that bringing out this matter will bring ignominy not only to the department but also to the government. Further, the minister reasoned that cancelling the whole recruitment process will be detrimental for the education department, schools etc; also, the sincere and honest candidates who have invested a lot of time and money for preparation may also get affected negatively. He also reminded Kamlesh that the participation of the CM has already been announced. After leaving the minister's office, Kamlesh got a phone call from Minister's Personal Secretary (PS). The PS hinted to Kamlesh that the concerned candidates were closely connected to the ruling political party, and going against them may create professional troubles for Kamlesh. On the other hand, his cooperation in this matter, the PS assured, will not go unnoticed and will be handsomely rewarded. Kamlesh had just settled in his new posting. He knows that going against the wish of the Minister may cause him his present posting. What was more, Kamlesh's father is undergoing treatment in a local hospital. A shunting out from the district would mean that his father would have to be left alone to fend for himself. Further, Kamlesh's wife Priya, also a bureaucrat, is posted in the Chief Minister's Office (CMO). Kamlesh realises that his actions will also have a bearing on her career as well.\na) Bring out various ethical dilemmas faced by Kamlesh.\nb) Consider yourself in Kamlesh's position. What are the various options available to you?\nc) Critically evaluate each of the option listed by you.\nd) Which of the above option should Kamlesh adopt and why?","20","250"],[41,"a) कमलेश द्वारा सामना की गई विभिन्न नैतिक दुविधाओं को उजागर करें।\nb) अपने आप को कमलेश की स्थिति में समझें। आपके लिए विभिन्न विकल्प क्या उपलब्ध हैं?\nc) आपके द्वारा सुझाए प्रत्येक विकल्प का आलोचनात्मक मूल्यांकन करें।\nd) कमलेश को उपरोक्त में से कौन सा विकल्प अपनाना चाहिए और क्यों?\na) कमलेश द्वारा सामना की गई विभिन्न नैतिक दुविधाओं को उजागर करें।\nb) अपने आप को कमलेश की स्थिति में समझें। आपके लिए विभिन्न विकल्प क्या उपलब्ध हैं?\nc) आपके द्वारा सुझाए प्रत्येक विकल्प का आलोचनात्मक मूल्यांकन करें।\nd) कमलेश को उपरोक्त में से कौन सा विकल्प अपनाना चाहिए और क्यों?","20 अंक","250 शब्द"],[46,"Q.10 XYZ is a premiere coaching institute located in Chatterjee Nagar locality of Himnagar. XYZ specialises in the coaching for medical and engineering entrance examination. The main office of the coaching, where the daily classes are conducted, is located in a congested locality, from where several other coaching institutes also operate. One day, while classes were in session in the top floor of the building and some 200 odd students were in attendance, a fire broke out in the premises of XYZ coaching. The fire incident created a commotion among those present in the building. Everyone, in a state of confusion, started running helter-skelter. Some students rushed to the very narrow stairs. Many stumbled and fell, hurting themselves. The emergency exit plan of the building was not suitable to cater to the large number of students and staff. In order to save themselves from asphyxiation, some students broke the window of the classroom. However, in absence of a fire stairs they had to climb down using the balcony ledge. In the process, many students had a free fall and hurt themselves badly. While two boys lost their life due to stampede caused while exiting the building, one girl got fatally injured while climbing down the ledge. The civil administration immediately started an audit of the building. Joseph is posted as the Municipal Commissioner of Himnagar. Chatarjee Nagar falls under his jurisdiction. Joseph has ordered an enquiry into the whole incident. Coincidentally, Joseph's younger brother, Frank, is also a student of XYZ coaching. He was not present in the coaching during the fateful day. The owner of the XYZ coaching approaches Joseph and requests him to be lenient in the enquiry report. They propose that looking at the good track record of Frank they are willing to give him a scholarship to fund not only his coaching fees but also his graduation from any college in the country. They also promise that since Frank is a sincere student, they will dedicate their top faculty to ensure that Frank comes out with flying colours in the coming under graduate entrance examination. Joseph knows that his brother has repeatedly failed in the entrance examinations earlier and a special focus will help him immensely. Also, Joseph himself was under student debt, which he was still paying in small instalments from his own salary. Recently married, and having risen from a poor family, Joseph has always worried about funding his brother's education.\na) Identify various ethical concerns in the case study.\nb) You are a friend of Joseph. Joseph turns to you for advice. What advice will you give to Joseph and why?","20","20"],[47,"a) मामले के अध्ययन में विभिन्न नैतिक चिंताओं की पहचान करें।\nb) आप जोसेफ के मित्र हैं। जोसेफ सलाह के लिए आपके पास आता है। आप जोसेफ को क्या सलाह देंगे और क्यों?","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[48,"What advice Z will give to Joseph","",""],[49,"Why such advice??","",""],[52,"Q.11 Kamal is an Indian Administrative Service (IAS) officer. He has been recently transferred as the Municipal commissioner of the Kartavya Nagar Municipality. Kamal is an honest and no nonsense officer. He has been known for having a tough stance against corruption, lethargy, and indiscipline at the workplace. In his new responsibility as the Municipal commissioner, Kamal finds that the day-to-day functioning of the municipal office is in a very sorry state. The inefficiency and ineffectiveness have brought matters to such a pass that even the basic responsibilities like cleanliness of the city, upkeep of public places, redressal of grievances etc., are not fulfilled. Upon enquiring, Kamal finds that the reason for rampant indiscipline and corruption in the municipal office is primarily a group of errant employees. While they do not work themselves, they also create nuisance in the office, thereby disrupting the work of other sincere employees. Moreover, it also comes to Kamal's knowledge that these employees indulge in corrupt practices by demanding bribes from people for petty tasks. Further, Kamal has noticed that the undisciplined employees come to office late, leave early and also remain absent from work without permission. Kamal gets to know that the ringleader of these employees is a close relative of a local MLA. In order to improve the working condition of the municipal office, Kamal warns the mischievous employees to mend their troublesome ways or to face strict disciplinary actions. However, Kamal's warning has little effect on the thick-skinned employees, who continue to work in their wayward ways. Finally, Kamal issues a show cause notice to all the troublesome employees for their various acts of indiscipline. As a retaliatory measure, a woman employee amongst these troublemakers' files a complaint of sexual harassment against Kamal with the Women's commission. The commission has asked for Kamal's explanation in this matter. Also, this fabricated matter is publicised in the media to embarrass Kamal further. Moreover, the MLA begins pressuring Kamal to go soft on these employees. Some of the options before Kamal to handle this situation could be as follows: i) Give his explanation to the Commission and go soft on the disciplinary action. ii) Ignore the commission and proceed firmly with the disciplinary action. iii) Brief his higher-ups, seek directions from them and act accordingly\na) Evaluate all the above courses of action and suggest the best course of action, giving your reasons for it.\nb) What according to you are the reasons behind poor work culture in public offices? Also, recommend measures to improve the same.","20","20"],[53,"a) कार्यवाही के उपरोक सभी प्रावधानों का मूल्यांकन करें और इसके लिए अपने कारण बताते हुए कार्यवाही का सबसे अच्छा विकल्प सुझाएं।\nb) आपके अनुसार सार्वजनिक कार्यालयों में खराब कार्य संस्कृति के क्या कारण हैं? साथ ही इसमें सुधार के उपाय सुझाएं।","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[58,"Q.12) You are the managing director of an upcoming advertising company which has made a name for itself in the market in a very short time. Varun is a star employee of your company who has consistently given good performance. Some of the most popular advertisements of the company, in recent times, have been an outcome of Varun's creative ideas. Since his joining, Varun has helped in almost doubling the revenues of the company, by bringing new clients and improving the brand equity of the company. You place high value in Varun's professional competence and are in the process of giving him a bigger responsibility in the company. However, you have been hearing rumours from various sections about the attitude of Varun towards his female colleagues. It has come to your notice that Varun is habitual of passing loose and lewd comments on the female employees of the company. Furthermore, Varun regularly sends indecent messages on phone to all the employees, including female workers. One day, Geetanjali, an employee working in Varun's team comes to you visibly disturbed. She complains to you about the repeated misbehaviour of Varun towards her. She informs you that Varun has on many occasions made undesirable physical advances towards her. She also tells that last evening before her shift was about to end, Varun called her in his cabin and tried to touch her inappropriately. She requests you to conduct an enquiry by the internal complaints committee (formed under POSH Act). She also tells you that in case appropriate action is not taken against Varun, she will be forced to resign from her position. You personally know Geetanjali as a dedicated and honest employee of the company. You are aware that she is the sole breadwinner of her family and has to support her teen-age brother and ailing mother. You also understand that unless the situation was really serious, Geetanjali would not have thought of resignation. On the other hand, an enquiry against Varun may affect the financial growth of the company. Also, you know that if Varun is fired for his actions, many big clients may leave the company.\na) What are the ethical issues involved in this case study?\nb) Evaluate the different options available to you. In this situation, which option will you adopt and why?\nc) What steps will you take to ensure a safer workplace for women in your company?","20","20"],[59,"a) इस केस अध्ययन में कौन से नैतिक मुद्दे शामिल हैं?  \nb) आपके पास उपलब्ध विभिन्न विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन करें। ऐसी स्थिति में आप कौन सा विकल्प अपनाएंगे और क्यों?  \nc) आपकी कंपनी में महिलाओं के लिए सुरक्षित कार्यस्थल सुनिश्चित करने के लिए आप क्या कदम उठाएंगे?  (20 अंक, 250 शब्द)\na) इस केस अध्ययन में कौन से नैतिक मुद्दे शामिल हैं?\nb) आपके पास उपलब्ध विभिन्न विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन करें। ऐसी स्थिति में आप कौन सा विकल्प अपनाएंगे और क्यों?\nc) आपकी कंपनी में महिलाओं के लिए सुरक्षित कार्यस्थल सुनिश्चित करने के लिए आप क्या कदम उठाएंगे?","20 अंक","250 शब्द"]]},{"i":125,"t":"Aditya Mathur","c":"Forumias","p":"Essay","y":2025,"r":98,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/ADITYA-MATHUR-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-98-Sample-ESSAY-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"SECTION - A\n1. You are the master of your conscience and you are the ruler of your destiny.\n\n2. The inability to see potential in others is the greatest disability\n\n3. Men are governed only by serving them.\n\n4. Desires cannot be contrary to nature since it was given to man by nature itself","",""],[4,"1 YOU ARE THE MASTER OF YOUR CONSCIENCE AND YOU ARE THE RULER OF YOUR DESTINY","",""],[16,"SECTION - B\n1. Technology and inclusion go hand in hand in eliminating barriers\n2. To do great things is difficult; but to command great things is more difficult.\n3. India's world view is consultative, democratic and equitable, but must find clearer expression.\n4. Too much Democracy is Detrimental to Development.","",""],[17,"4 Too Much Democracy Is Detrimental To Development\n What is democracy? What are its essential and desirable features? Is pure democracy conducive or detrimental to holistic development of society? If some limitations are required, what should they be?","",""],[30,"When must you seek mentorship?","",""],[31,"4 Too much democracy is detrimental to development","",""]]},{"i":127,"t":"Aditya Mathur","c":"Vision","p":"Essay","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/b6305-1216850_3128_aditya_mathur_rank_98.pdf","q":[[5,"Write two essays, choosing one topic from each of the Sections A and B, in about 1000-1200 words each :\n1. The world must learn to work together, or finally it will not work at all.\n2. Technology, like art, is a soaring exercise of the human imagination.\n3. We've begun to raise daughters more like sons, but few have the courage to raise our sons more like our daughters.\n4. The will of the people cannot make just that which is unjust.\n5. It is the mark of an educated mind to be able to entertain a thought without accepting it.\n6. To be yourself in a world that is constantly trying to make you something else is the greatest accomplishment.\n7. We don't see things as they are, we see them as we are.\n8. A lie can travel half way around the world while the truth is putting on its shoes.","125 x 2 = 250","1000-1200 words each"],[6,"1. The world must learn to work together, or finally it will not work at all.","",""]]},{"i":126,"t":"Aditya Mathur","c":"Forumias","p":"GS1","y":2025,"r":98,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/ADITYA-MATHUR-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-98-Sample-MGP-Copy-2.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) \"Nalanda is a symbol of India's academic heritage and vibrant cultural exchange\". Elucidate with special references to foreign travelers' accounts.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) The period of Delhi Sultans witnessed the emergence of Indo-Persian culture. Discuss the statement with reference to developments in the fields of literature, art and architecture.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) Give a brief account of the contributions of early nationalists to the Indian freedom struggle.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) The Vaikom Satyagraha marked a historic milestone in India's fight against social injustice, demonstrating the power of non-violent resistance in dismantling oppressive caste barriers. Explain.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5 The Oslo Accords, once hailed as a landmark diplomatic achievement, failed to address key issues, highlighting the challenges of achieving lasting peace between Israel and Palestine. Analyse.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) What are Northern and Southern lights? Explain the phenomenon and discuss their associated impacts on Earth's atmosphere and human activities.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) Identifying the major automobile clusters in India, enumerate the favourable factors for the location of the automobile industry.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) \"India's diversity is her greatest strength.\" In light of the statement, explain how diversity has enriched and strengthened Indian society.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9) Critically examine the effects of globalization on the youth in India.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10) The recognition of LGBTQ rights in India marks significant progress, but the journey towards full societal integration and acceptance remains arduous, necessitating a profound socio-cultural shift. Elaborate.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11 Throw light upon the importance of seals and sealings in the reconstruction of socio-economic and religious life of the Harappan people. Also, explain why many of the known Harappan settlements are in semi-arid regions.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12) Describe the significance of the Dandi March (1930) as the starting point of the Civil Disobedience Movement. Also, discuss the national and international reactions to the Dandi March and the Salt Satyagraha.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13) Give a reasoned account of the distribution of deserts across the earth with the help of relevant examples.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 Discuss the impact of local winds on their associated regions, citing examples from different parts of the world.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 Rare Earths Elements (REE) are considered as 'Vitamins of Modern Industry'. In this context, bring out the multi-dimensional implications of uneven distribution of REE in the world.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16) Describe the various factors that influence ocean currents and discuss their multi-dimensional impact.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17) Briefly explain the process of tide formation and differentiate between tides and waves.","15","250"],[44,"Q.1B) While social media facilitates unprecedented connectivity and self-expression, it can also widen social crevices and fractures. In this context, examine the impact of social media on Indian society.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 \"The regionalism in India is both a response to the failures in addressing regional aspirations and as an assertion of socio-cultural identity in the face of perceived marginalization.\" Comment.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20) Explain how traditional gender roles and responsibilities exacerbate the vulnerability of women to extreme heat conditions. Suggest strategies to mitigate these vulnerabilities.","15","250"],[54,"When must you seek mentorship?","",""]]},{"i":129,"t":"Aditya Mathur","c":"Vision","p":"GS1","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/2d3f8-1216850_2928_aditya_mathur_rank_98.pdf","q":[[6,"1. How does tribal art provide valuable insights into the cultural perspectives and values of Indian tribal communities? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[8,"2. Compare and contrast the approach of Mahatma Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru towards the Indian freedom struggle. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[10,"3. What are the key factors that accelerated decolonization post-World War II? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[12,"4. How does human encroachment impact water bodies in urban areas? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[14,"5. How do physical geographical features influence the development and operation of transportation systems? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"6. How are ocean trenches formed? Describe the significant characteristics of these oceanic relief formations.","10","150"],[18,"7. Identify the reasons behind increasing number of extreme rainfall events throughout India in recent times. Assess their socio-economic impact. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[20,"8. India is expected to have the largest working-age population in the world by 2030 and it cannot afford low participation of women in the workforce anymore. Discuss.","10","150"],[22,"9. Do you agree that there has been a progressive secularization of caste in India? Support your view with relevant examples. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[24,"10. Why is inequality increasing in India despite the fall in overall poverty? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[26,"11. How did the competitive and hostile dynamic between Brahminism and Buddhism over funding, followers, and ideology mark the decline of Buddhism? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[29,"12. European travellers' accounts in the medieval period have played an important role in shaping our understanding of the empires and people of that period in India. Comment. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[32,"13. The British victory in the Battle of Plassey in 1757 not just changed the course of Indian history but also that of the world. Discuss.","15","250"],[35,"14. Why was it more difficult to rehabilitate refugees in West Bengal as compared to Punjab after partition? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[38,"15. Discuss the economic and social costs associated with the transition from coal to green energy in India. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[41,"16. Explain the process of formation of volcanic calderas. How do they contribute to the scenic beauty of the region? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[44,"17. What are the reasons behind the increased frequency and intensity of heat waves globally? How will it impact global food security? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[47,"18. Identifying the characteristics of the grassland biome, mention the threats posed to Banni grasslands in India. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[50,"19. India's approach to secularism does not merely challenge inter-religious domination but intra-religious domination as well. Discuss.","15","Answer in 250"],[53,"20. Do you agree with the view that Indian cities are turning into landscapes of stark inequality and social exclusion? What steps can be taken to make urban areas more egalitarian in India?","15","250"]]},{"i":130,"t":"Aditya Mathur","c":"Vision","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/88643-1216850_2929_aditya_mathur_rank_98.pdf","q":[[6,"1. Expression of dissent is central to the functioning of the Parliament. In light of this, discuss the role of the Leader of Opposition (LoP) in India's parliamentary system. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[8,"2. How can the integration of technology into judicial processes enhance accessibility, capability, and efficiency in justice delivery? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[10,"3. The Supreme Court of India has upheld unique asymmetry in India's federalism by intricately balancing centralized authority and regional autonomy. Discuss with the help of relevant case laws. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[12,"4. Evaluate the effectiveness of the National Commission for Scheduled Castes in safeguarding the interests of the Scheduled Castes in India. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[14,"5. Executive accountability to the legislature through Parliamentary Committees has been the hallmark of the Indian political system. Comment. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"6. How can India make Citizens' Charter a powerful tool for improving governance and empowering citizens? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[18,"7. How do corporate donors aid NGOs in facilitating holistic development in India? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[20,"8. Despite its merits, should the POCSO Act be revisited to correct the existing inadequacies? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[22,"9. China's acquisition of strategic ports globally has significant implications for international trade routes and economic relations. Discuss. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[24,"10. What are the main functions of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)? How will its recent treaty on intellectual property, genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge benefit India? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[26,"11. While the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) plays a crucial role in combating corruption, its functioning is often criticized for being partisan and acting against the federal spirit. Discuss with the help of suitable examples.","15","250"],[29,"12. Governors in India often overstep their constitutional role and fail to act effectively when needed. Comment.","15","250"],[32,"13. Both India and the USA adhere to democratic principles but their electoral systems exhibit significant differences. What are the key differences in electoral practices between the two countries? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[35,"14. How far do you agree with the view that the National Green Tribunal (NGT) has met its objective of ensuring environmental justice in India?","15","Answer in 250"],[38,"15. Though Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) have become a platform for competitive politics, they have not emerged as an agency of planning and service delivery. Why? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[41,"16. What do you understand by interoperability in e-governance? What steps have been taken by the government to ensure interoperability and integration of various e-governance systems? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[44,"17. When it comes to sexual and reproductive health of women in India, rights-based discourse has largely been bypassed not just by the societal norms but also by the legal norms. Discuss.","15","250"],[47,"18. How effective has India been in enhancing immunization coverage over the years? What challenges continue to affect immunization efforts in the country? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[50,"19. India used its Presidency of the G20 to bring the voice of the Global South to the centre stage. Discuss with special reference to Africa. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[53,"20. India's relationship with the UAE has witnessed a remarkable expansion across various domains in the last decade. Discuss.","15","Answer in 250"]]},{"i":131,"t":"Aditya Mathur","c":"Vision","p":"GS3","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/8a50e-1216850_2930_aditya_mathur_rank_98.pdf","q":[[6,"1. How is the rapid growth of the food processing industry leading to food safety challenges in India? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[8,"2. Under the Public Distribution System of India, the Fair Price Shop (FPS) transformation is an evolving process. Discuss.","10","150"],[10,"3. How are agri-tech startups in India helping farmers in enhancing farm productivity and market access? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[12,"4. Discuss the role of digitization of land records in the effective implementation of land reforms in India. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[14,"5. To fully exploit its demographic dividend and accelerate economic growth, India needs to adopt a manufacturing-led growth model. Discuss. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"6. How can the resilience of Indian coastal communities be strengthened to tackle the growing natural hazards resulting from climate change? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[18,"7. How does the Green Credit Programme extend beyond carbon management to promote a more sustainable environment in India? What are the various concerns about its implementation? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[20,"8. What is the need for NavIC when existing satellite navigation systems are already available? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[22,"9. Cyber-enabled financial crime has emerged as the new frontier of global money laundering. Discuss. How can the government address this issue? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[24,"10. The Indian Army is observing the year 2024 as the 'Year of Technology Absorption'. In light of this, explain why there is a need for technology absorption in the defence sector of India. What challenges can India face in this initiative? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[26,"11. What are the issues faced in the development of trade and industries in the North-Eastern Region (NER) of India? Comment on the measures that have been taken to tackle these issues.","15","250"],[29,"12. In the era of climate change and growing water scarcity, how can micro-irrigation systems contribute to sustainable agricultural practices in India? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[32,"13. What strategies can be adopted to overcome the issues pertaining to freight transportation in the Indian Railways and increase its share in the domestic freight?","15","Answer in 250"],[35,"14. Discuss the factors that have aided India in making impressive strides in the renewable energy sector and establishing itself as a frontrunner in the global renewable energy transition.","","250"],[38,"15. How does agricultural runoff containing fertilizers and pesticides contribute to environmental pollution? What measures can be taken to mitigate the impact of agricultural runoff? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[41,"16. The growing influx of tourists in Himalayan states has breached their ecological carrying capacity, leading to significant man-made disasters. What measures can be implemented to prevent such disasters while promoting sustainable tourism? Discuss with relevant examples.","15","250"],[44,"17. How do superconductors fuel innovation in diverse fields of science and technology? Illustrate with examples. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[47,"18. While India has laws covering almost all types of intellectual property rights, numerous enforcement, regulatory and administrative challenges hamper the commercialisation of IPRs in India. Elaborate.","15","Answer in 250"],[50,"19. Keeping in view the challenges in creating integrated theatre commands, examine how the theaterisation of commands can lead to greater integration and rationalisation of manpower and resources among the three services. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[53,"20. Treating border villages as first villages not just geographically but also in terms of facilities can be a key strategy for enhancing border security. Discuss. Also, highlight the measures being taken by the government in this regard. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"]]},{"i":128,"t":"Aditya Mathur","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/a22df-1216850_4513_aditya_mathur_rank_98.pdf","q":[[6,"1. (a) Compassion is the courageous choice to feel another's suffering as one's own, and to act upon it, even when silence is safer and indifference is easier. Examine the significance of compassion as an essential ethical value for civil servants in India. Illustrate your answer with suitable examples.","10","150"],[8,"1. (b) Marriages in India are transitioning from traditional sacramental unions to more autonomous relationships, reflected in live-in relationships and rising divorce rates. Discuss the ethical dimensions of these changes. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[10,"2. (a) While accountability often necessitates documentation, an overemphasis on bureaucratic procedures and excessive paperwork can inadvertently silence the very voices that public policy intends to empower, particularly at the grassroots. Examine the above statement with suitable illustrations.","10","Answer in 150"],[12,"2. (b) The principle of impartiality may conflict with the need for compassion towards marginalized communities. Discuss in the context of civil services in India.","10","150"],[14,"3 (a) What do each of the following quotations mean to you?\n(a) \"The strength of a nation derives from the integrity of the home.\" - Confucius (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"3. (b) \"Act only according to that maxim through which you can at the same time will that it become a universal law.\" - Immanuel Kant (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[18,"3. (c) \"We are not only responsible for what we do, but also for what we fail to do\" - Molière. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[20,"4. (a) Patriotism encourages ethical questioning, while nationalism often suppresses it. Discuss this statement in light of the formation of political attitudes during high-pressure national events. How can individuals develop moral attitudes that balance national interest with ethical reasoning?","10","150"],[22,"4. (b) Discuss how employee well-being and fairness can be balanced with efficiency and profitability in private organisations.","10","150"],[24,"5. (a) Do you agree that excessive use of social media and emerging AI technologies may lead to a decline in emotional regulation and moral sensitivity among adolescents? Justify your answer.","10","150"],[26,"5. (b) In light of the increasing incidents of suicides among students in India, discuss how Emotional Intelligence (EI) can aid in managing stress and emotional challenges.","10","150"],[28,"6. (a) In public service, emotional intelligence is not about suppressing emotion, but mastering its purpose — to connect, to de-escalate, and to uplift others with empathy and strength. Do you agree with this view? Discuss.","10","150"],[30,"6. (b) An efficient work culture is built not only on rules, but on shared values. In this context, evaluate the role of leadership and team dynamics in transforming work culture within an organization.","10","150"],[32,"7 You are posted as the Joint Secretary in the Department of Information Technology of a state. The government recently implemented several citizen-centric digital services, collecting large volumes of personal data from residents. The Digital Personal Data Protection (DPDP) Act, 2023, requires that such data be processed only with explicit and informed consent, and mandates that processing must cease immediately upon withdrawal of consent.\n\nDuring an internal audit, you discover that the department continues to process and analyze personal data of several citizens even after they have formally withdrawn their consent. This data is being used for policy analytics and service improvement, purposes not explicitly disclosed at the time of data collection. When you bring this to the attention of your department head, you are informed that halting the processing will disrupt ongoing digital initiatives and may affect state-level performance metrics. Moreover, you find that the consent withdrawal process is cumbersome, and many citizens are unaware of their rights under the DPDP Act.\n\nYou also learn that a prominent social activist is planning to file a complaint with the Data Protection Board against involuntary use of personal data, which could attract public scrutiny and legal action against the department.\n(a) Identify and discuss the ethical issues involved in this case.\n(b) What are the potential consequences for the department if the issue is not addressed transparently?\n(c) How would you balance the need for efficient public service delivery with the obligation to protect citizens’ data rights? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[37,"8 You are an IAS officer, currently serving as the Secretary of the Public Works Department in a hill state. Recently, a disturbing incident has come to light involving a senior Cabinet Minister and two engineers of the National Highways Authority of India (NHAI). During an inspection of a critical highway project, the Minister was allegedly seen on video physically assaulting and verbally abusing the engineers in full public view. The video, recorded by bystanders, went viral on social media and was widely covered by television channels, sparking both outrage and support from different sections of society. The Minister later defended his actions, alleging that the officials were corrupt, unresponsive to local grievances, and responsible for inordinate delays in the project. He insisted that his actions were driven by public frustration and the urgency of delivering infrastructure to a remote region. However, the engineers have filed a police complaint and written to their superiors, claiming they were targeted for resisting political pressure to award contracts to specific local contractors linked to the Minister. As the situation escalated, a union of NHAI engineers declared a strike.\n(a) इस प्रकरण में शामिल प्रमुख नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं? हितधारकों और उनके परस्पर विरोधी हितों की पहचान कीजिए।\n(b) लोक निर्माण विभाग के सचिव के रूप में, आप उपयुक्त स्थिति में क्या कार्रवाई करेंगे?\n(c) ऐसी घटनाएं सिविल सेवकों के मनोबल और शासन में जनता के विश्वास को कैसे प्रभावित करती हैं? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250"],[38,"(a) What are the key ethical issues involved in this situation? Identify the stakeholders and their conflicting interests.\n(b) As the Secretary of the PWD, what actions will you take in above situation?\n(c) How do such incidents affect the morale of civil servants and public trust in governance? (Answer in 250 words)\na) What are the key ethical issues involved in this situation? Identify the stakeholders and their conflicting interests.\nb) As the Secretary of the PWD, what actions will you take in above situation?\nc) How do such incidents affect the morale of civil servants and public trust in governance?","","250"],[42,"9 You are the Secretary in the Department of Personnel and Training (DoPT), Government of India. In recent years, an increasing number of civil servants, particularly younger officers from the IAS, IPS, and IRS, have begun maintaining personal YouTube channels and social media pages. On these platforms, they regularly post videos related to their official work — showcasing innovative projects, public outreach initiatives, inspection drives, and sometimes even day-to-day administrative duties.\n\nThese videos often receive widespread public attention, and many viewers express admiration, saying such content enhances transparency, motivates aspirants, and humanizes the bureaucracy. However, concerns have also emerged from various quarters. Senior officers argue that such content may blur the boundaries between personal branding and public service, while some citizens and media commentators point to instances where videos feature vulnerable beneficiaries without consent, raise concerns about misuse of official premises, or seem designed more for personal popularity than public accountability.\n(a) लोक सेवकों द्वारा अपने आधिकारिक कार्यों को सोशल मीडिया पर सार्वजनिक रूप से प्रदर्शित करने के कृत्यों में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों की पहचान कीजिए।\n(b) क्या ऐसी प्रस्तुतियां जागरूकता और प्रेरणा को प्रोत्साहित देती हैं या क्या ये अनामिता, तटस्थता और सामूहिक सेवा भावना के मूल्यों से समझौता करती हैं? अपना मत दीजिए।\n(c) सचिव के रूप में, लोक सेवकों की उत्तरदायित्व डिजिटल सहभागिता सुनिश्चित करने के लिए आप कौन-से मार्गदर्शक सिद्धांत और नीतिगत अनुशासनाएं सुझाएंगे? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250"],[43,"You have been asked to prepare a report with recommendations to balance public interest, institutional integrity, and evolving modes of communication.\n(a) Identify the ethical issues involved in civil servants publicly showcasing their official work on social media.\n(b) Do such practices promote awareness and motivation, or do they compromise the values of anonymity, neutrality, and collective service ethos? Give your opinion.\n(c) As the Secretary, what guiding principles and policy recommendations would you suggest to ensure responsible digital engagement by civil servants? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[47,"10 You are the Director of the National Bioethics Commission who is responsible for assessing the ethical feasibility and oversight of a nationwide gene sequencing program. The project named GeneFuture, aims to sequence the DNA of every newborn child and store it in a centralized national database. The objective is to identify genetic predispositions to serious diseases early in life, allowing for preventive treatment and personalized medicine. Over 100,000 babies have already been enrolled in the pilot phase of the program. The government claims that this move is a landmark step in public health advancement.\n\nHowever, collection of newborn genetic data raises significant ethical concerns, particularly around informed consent, which may not fully capture parents' understanding of the long-term risks involved. Once gathered, this sensitive data could be misused for purposes such as surveillance, insurance discrimination, or commercial marketing by third parties. Uncertainty over data ownership—whether it lies with the state, parents, or the individual—further complicates the issue. The involvement of private tech and pharmaceutical companies heightens fears of commercial exploitation, especially in the absence of clear mechanisms for individuals to withdraw consent or delete their genetic information upon reaching adulthood.\n(a) What are the ethical issues you perceive in the implementation of the GeneFuture program?\n(b) Identify the conflicting interests of different stakeholders in this case.\n(c) What guiding ethical principles would you recommend for implementation of this project? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[52,"11 You are a dedicated District Health Officer (DHO) with a strong commitment to evidence-based public health practices, recently assigned to a remote district in India. Your immediate and most critical task is to lead a crucial district-wide Measles-Rubella (MR) vaccination drive, aimed at achieving 100% immunization coverage among children aged 9 months to 15 years. The success of this drive is vital for the collective health of thousands of children and for the district's overall health indicators, especially with the impending monsoon season posing additional health challenges.\n\nHowever, in one of the largest and most traditional villages in your district, you encounter formidable resistance. The villagers, deeply influenced by the pronouncements of a revered local spiritual guru, believe that vaccination is an attack on evil spirits and that traditional herbal remedies and spiritual blessings provide sufficient protection. This guru has publicly advised his followers to oppose vaccination, citing alleged 'failures' and ancient prophecies. Despite widespread awareness campaigns, vaccination camps in the village have been largely boycotted. Your health workers, some of whom are locals, face social ostracism and even threats of physical harm. The state health department is pressuring you to meet vaccination targets and has warned that failure to do so will have serious consequences. The department has also directed that no forceful measures be taken as it may cause public unrest. Meanwhile, a large annual fair is scheduled in the district, which will attract people from many villages and areas. If this village remains unvaccinated, it could lead to a severe outbreak of Measles-Rubella (MR), spreading rapidly and posing a grave risk to the entire district and beyond.\n(a) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the above case.\n(b) What immediate alternatives do you have to peacefully resolve this resistance?\n(c) To counter the widespread superstition and promote scientific thinking for controlling and mitigating public health outcomes, what long-term strategies and systemic reforms would you suggest? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[53,"(a) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the above case.\n(b) What are the immediate options available to you to overcome this resistance?\n(c) What long-term strategies and systemic reforms would you suggest to address the pervasive influence of superstition and foster a scientific temperament for sustainable public health outcomes? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[57,"12. You are a highly motivated and principle-driven Gram Panchayat Secretary, recently posted in a large and socio-economically diverse village in a remote district. Your immediate and most critical task is the meticulous verification of beneficiaries for the 'Gramin Awas Yojana' – a flagship state housing scheme aimed at providing 'pucca' (brick) houses to the genuinely impoverished and landless households. The scheme is under tight deadlines, with funds\n(a) आपके समक्ष विद्यमान संभावित प्रशासनिक और नैतिक दुविधाएं क्या हैं?\n(b) आपके लिए उपलब्ध सभी विकल्पों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\n(c) आप अपने निर्णय का नैतिक औचित्य सिद्ध करते हुए कौन-सी व्यापक कार्यवाही करेंगे? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250 शब्दों में"],[58,"(a) What are the potential administrative and ethical dilemmas you face?\n(b) Discuss all options available to you.\n(c) What comprehensive course of action would you choose to adopt, providing ethical justification for your decision? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"]]},{"i":133,"t":"Aditya Narayan H","c":"Vision","p":"GS1","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/4ea56-00315413_4510_aditya_narayan_h_rank_68.pdf","q":[[6,"1. Folk music serves as a repository of the cultural identity. Discuss the role of folk music in preserving cultural heritage and promoting social cohesion.","10","150"],[8,"2. How does the Vesara style of temple architecture represent a synthesis of the Nagara and Dravida styles? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[10,"3. Discuss the role played by Indians living abroad in advancing the cause of India's freedom struggle.","10","150"],[12,"4. How did the Marshall Plan influence the economic recovery and political stability of post-war Europe? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[14,"5. Discuss the factors responsible for increased cyclonic activity in the Arabian Sea. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"6. How can technological interventions help in transforming the textile sector in India? What are the initiatives that the government has taken in this regard? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[18,"7. What is a seiche and how does it form? Discuss the geographical conditions under which seiches are most likely to occur. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[20,"8. How has rapid urbanisation affected the socio-cultural landscape of peri-urban regions in India?","10","150"],[22,"9. Examine the role of historical and socio-political factors in driving communalism in Indian politics. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[24,"10. Globalization has significantly influenced the aspirations, lifestyle, and value systems of Indian youth. Discuss with suitable examples. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[26,"11. Examine how Chandragupta-II's reign symbolised a golden age of cultural development, laying the foundation for future advancements in Indian art and literature.","15","Answer in 250"],[29,"12. Evaluate the intended and unintended consequences of British educational policies for the Indian society in the colonial period. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[32,"13. India's territorial disputes after independence were not merely about borders, but also encompass issues of national identity, historical grievances, and geopolitical strategies. Discuss. (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[35,"14. Discuss the geographical conditions responsible for the development of shola forests in the upper reaches of the Western Ghats. Highlight their ecological significance.","15","250"],[38,"15. Discuss the potential of natural hydrogen as a fuel to meet growing global energy demands? Why is it still an untapped industry? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[41,"16. Why is there a shift of labour-intensive industries from China to South and Southeast Asia? Discuss the advantages and challenges for India in this context.","15","250"],[44,"17. Explain the socio-economic transformations resulting from women's migration to metropolitan areas in India. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[47,"18 The institution of marriage in India is increasingly becoming a site of conspicuous consumption and commodification. Critically examine the impact of this commercialisation on social equity and gender relations.","15","250"],[50,"19. Analyse how recognizing, reducing, and redistributing care work can foster gender equality and promote inclusive development in India. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[53,"20. Discuss the changing nature of family structures in urban India. How is it impacting elderly care and socialization of the youth? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"]]},{"i":134,"t":"Aditya Narayan H","c":"Vision","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/951c6-00315413_4511_aditya_narayan_h_rank_68.pdf","q":[[6,"1. How does the Supreme Court's recent decision on Aligarh Muslim University's minority status affect the interpretation of Article 30 of the Indian Constitution? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[8,"2. The Supreme Court, in a recent verdict, prescribed a time period for the Governor's assent to state legislative bills. What are the implications of this judgment for cooperative federalism and legislative accountability in India? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[10,"3. Discuss the recent changes and initiatives related to cooperatives that aim to smoothen the tussle between the Centre and States in the cooperative sector. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[12,"4. In recent years, use of social media and digital mobilisation by civil society has emerged as a powerful form of pressure politics. Examine its impact on policymaking and democratic accountability.","10","150"],[14,"5. How is Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) emerging as a business-led solution for addressing development challenges in India? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"6. Discuss how mechanisms like public consultations and Jan Sunwais in India impact governance outcomes.","10","150"],[18,"7. How effective have the National Action Plan for Drug Demand Reduction (NAPDDR) and Nasha Mukt Bharat Abhiyaan been in addressing substance abuse in India? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[20,"8. Rote learning and neglect of creativity in foundational education setup in India make it less ready for marketplaces that are now driven by Artificial Intelligence. Do you agree with this view? Substantiate your argument.","10","150"],[22,"9. Analyze the transformation of the G7 from a symbol of Western strategic unity to a forum marked by internal contradictions. How should India navigate this changing dynamic to advance its strategic interests? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[24,"10. Discuss the role of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in the development of developing countries. What are the key criticisms associated with its approach? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[26,"11. The 103rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 2019 has introduced a new dimension to the principle of affirmative action in India. Critically examine its implications for the broader goal of social justice.","15","Answer in 250"],[29,"12. The District Planning Committee (DPC) was envisioned as a key instrument to strengthen grassroots-level planning. How far has it succeeded in achieving this goal? Discuss the challenges faced by DPCs and suggest measures to make them more effective.","15","Answer in 250"],[32,"13. The restrictions imposed under Article 293 of the Constitution on State borrowing powers, though constitutionally valid, may hinder fiscal autonomy of States and disrupt cooperative federalism. Discuss in the light of recent developments.","15","250"],[35,"14 Examine the tension between the right to contest elections and the need to uphold electoral ethics under the Representation of the People Act. Should there be a lifetime ban on convicted criminals? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[37,"Should there be lifetime ban?","",""],[38,"15. To what extent has the Beti Bachao Beti Padhao (BBBP) scheme, launched in 2015, succeeded in addressing the declining child sex ratio and empowering the girl child? Suggest measures to enhance its impact at the grassroots level.","15","Answer in 250"],[41,"16. Self-Help Groups (SHGs) are emerging as vehicles of socio-economic transformation in rural India. Examine the role of government in scaling their reach and effectiveness.","15","250"],[44,"17. Despite economic growth, multidimensional poverty continues to persist in India. Analyse the underlying causes and discuss the measures taken by the government to address them. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[47,"18. India faces a paradox of food surplus and nutritional deficit. Analyse the structural reasons behind this paradox and suggest reform strategies. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[50,"19. India's timely response during the economic crises in Sri Lanka and the Maldives reflects its \"Neighbourhood First\" policy in action. Examine how Indian aid has impacted bilateral ties with these nations. What steps can further be taken to promote sustainable economic cooperation in the Indian Ocean region? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[53,"20. Discuss the geostrategic significance of Afghanistan for India in the context of continental connectivity and access to Central Asia. How has the altered political landscape post-2021 affected India's connectivity and energy corridor ambitions? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"]]},{"i":135,"t":"Aditya Narayan H","c":"Vision","p":"GS3","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/9a854-315413_3607_aditya_narayan_h_rank_68.pdf","q":[[3,"1. Why has there been a decline in Out-of-Pocket Expenditure on healthcare in India? Discuss the implications of increased public healthcare spending.","10","Answer in 150"],[5,"2. Why is a new manufacturing policy essential for India to achieve sustained economic growth and emerge as a global manufacturing hub? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[7,"3. What are the reasons behind the consistent fiscal deficit in India? Do you think there are advantages in operating with a fiscal deficit for developing countries like India? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[9,"1. What is the current state of finances in the Indian states? What long-term measures can be taken to strengthen the financial health of states? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[11,"The Disaster Management Act, 2005 warrants a revisit to improve the efficacy of the disaster management framework in India. Discuss.","10","150"],[13,"What is Strategic Environmental Assessment? How is it different from Environmental Impact Assessment? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[15,"What is Gene therapy? Discuss its advantages and highlight the key concerns related to its use. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[17,"What are the key pillars of India's AI Mission? What are the barriers to achieving responsible AI in India? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[19,"Analyse the provisions related to organised crime and terrorism in the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[21,"10. What is the impact of emerging technologies on money laundering? What measures are necessary to address the issues arising out of it? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[23,"1. India's growth has been strong in recent decades, but its structural transformation remains incomplete. Elaborate. State the measures taken by the government in this regard. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[26,"12. Examine the pattern and trend of agricultural exports of India. In this context, explain how India can improve its global competitiveness in agricultural exports. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[29,"13. Examine the role of natural farming in promoting sustainable agriculture. Discuss the major challenges hindering its widespread adoption in India. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[32,"14. How does the food processing industry aid economic growth in India? Briefly discuss four skill development initiatives in the Indian food processing industry.","15","250"],[35,"15. What are the major factors impeding private participation in infrastructure development in India? What steps have been taken by the government to attract private investment.","15","Answer in 250"],[38,"16. Considering India's vulnerability to various disasters, discuss the need for disaster resilient infrastructure. Explain the role of the Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure (CDRI) in this context.","15","Answer in 250"],[41,"17. Comment on the resource potential of the Sundarbans in India. How can nature-based solutions enhance its resilience against environmental challenges? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[44,"18. Green hydrogen is a promising pathway towards a sustainable energy future but its widespread adoption in India encounters substantial obstacles. Discuss.","15","250"],[47,"19. Examine the conflicting issues and security challenges along India's North-East border. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[50,"20. The Indian Coast Guard’s multifaceted role is vital for maintaining the security and integrity of India's maritime domain. Discuss. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"]]},{"i":132,"t":"Aditya Narayan H","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/506d4-00315413_4513_aditya_narayan_h_rank_68.pdf","q":[[6,"1. (a) Compassion is the courageous choice to feel another's suffering as one's own, and to act upon it, even when silence is safer and indifference is easier. Examine the significance of compassion as an essential ethical value for civil servants in India. Illustrate your answer with suitable examples.","10","150"],[8,"1. (b) Marriages in India are transitioning from traditional sacramental unions to more autonomous relationships, reflected in live-in relationships and rising divorce rates. Discuss the ethical dimensions of these changes.","10","150"],[10,"2. (a) While accountability often necessitates documentation, an overemphasis on bureaucratic procedures and excessive paperwork can inadvertently silence the very voices that public policy intends to empower, particularly at the grassroots. Examine the above statement with suitable illustrations.","10","150"],[12,"2. (b) The principle of impartiality may conflict with the need for compassion towards marginalized communities. Discuss in the context of civil services in India. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[14,"3 (a) What do each of the following quotations mean to you?\n(a) \"The strength of a nation derives from the integrity of the home.\" - Confucius (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"3. (b) \"Act only according to that maxim through which you can at the same time will that it become a universal law.\" - Immanuel Kant (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[18,"3.(c) \"We are not only responsible for what we do, but also for what we fail to do\" - Molière. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[20,"4. (a) Patriotism encourages ethical questioning, while nationalism often suppresses it. Discuss this statement in light of the formation of political attitudes during high-pressure national events. How can individuals develop moral attitudes that balance national interest with ethical reasoning?","10","150"],[22,"4. (b) Discuss how employee well-being and fairness can be balanced with efficiency and profitability in private organisations.","10","150"],[24,"5. (a) Do you agree that excessive use of social media and emerging AI technologies may lead to a decline in emotional regulation and moral sensitivity among adolescents? Justify your answer.","10","150"],[26,"5. (b) In light of the increasing incidents of suicides among students in India, discuss how Emotional Intelligence (EI) can aid in managing stress and emotional challenges.","10","150"],[28,"6. (a) In public service, emotional intelligence is not about suppressing emotion, but mastering its purpose — to connect, to de-escalate, and to uplift others with empathy and strength. Do you agree with this view? Discuss.","10","150"],[30,"6. (b) An efficient work culture is built not only on rules, but on shared values. In this context, evaluate the role of leadership and team dynamics in transforming work culture within an organization.","10","150"],[32,"7 You are posted as the Joint Secretary in the Department of Information Technology of a state. The government recently implemented several citizen-centric digital services, collecting large volumes of personal data from residents. The Digital Personal Data Protection (DPDP) Act, 2023, requires that such data be processed only with explicit and informed consent, and mandates that processing must cease immediately upon withdrawal of consent.\nDuring an internal audit, you discover that the department continues to process and analyze personal data of several citizens even after they have formally withdrawn their consent. This data is being used for policy analytics and service improvement, purposes not explicitly disclosed at the time of data collection. When you bring this to the attention of your department head, you are informed that halting the processing will disrupt ongoing digital initiatives and may affect state-level performance metrics. Moreover, you find that the consent withdrawal process is cumbersome, and many citizens are unaware of their rights under the DPDP Act.\nYou also learn that a prominent social activist is planning to file a complaint with the Data Protection Board against involuntary use of personal data, which could attract public scrutiny and legal action against the department.\n(a) Identify and discuss the ethical issues involved in this case.\n(b) What are the potential consequences for the department if the issue is not addressed transparently?\n(c) How would you balance the need for efficient public service delivery with the obligation to protect citizens’ data rights? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[37,"8 You are an IAS officer, currently serving as the Secretary of the Public Works Department in a hill state. Recently, a disturbing incident has come to light involving a senior Cabinet Minister and two engineers of the National Highways Authority of India (NHAI). During an inspection of a critical highway project, the Minister was allegedly seen on video physically assaulting and verbally abusing the engineers in full public view. The video, recorded by bystanders, went viral on social media and was widely covered by television channels, sparking both outrage and support from different sections of society. The Minister later defended his actions, alleging that the officials were corrupt, unresponsive to local grievances, and responsible for inordinate delays in the project. He insisted that his actions were driven by public frustration and the urgency of delivering infrastructure to a remote region. However, the engineers have filed a police complaint and written to their superiors, claiming they were targeted for resisting political pressure to award contracts to specific local contractors linked to the Minister. As the situation escalated, a union of NHAI engineers declared a strike.\n(a) इस प्रकरण में शामिल प्रमुख नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं? हितधारकों और उनके परस्पर विरोधी हितों की पहचान कीजिए।\n(b) लोक निर्माण विभाग के सचिव के रूप में, आप उपयुक्त स्थिति में क्या कार्रवाई करेंगे?\n(c) ऐसी घटनाएं सिविल सेवकों के मनोबल और शासन में जनता के विश्वास को कैसे प्रभावित करती हैं? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250"],[38,"(a) What are the key ethical issues involved in this situation? Identify the stakeholders and their conflicting interests.\n(b) As the Secretary of the PWD, what actions will you take in above situation?\n(c) How do such incidents affect the morale of civil servants and public trust in governance?","20","Answer in 250"],[42,"9 You are the Secretary in the Department of Personnel and Training (DoPT), Government of India. In recent years, an increasing number of civil servants, particularly younger officers from the IAS, IPS, and IRS, have begun maintaining personal YouTube channels and social media pages. On these platforms, they regularly post videos related to their official work — showcasing innovative projects, public outreach initiatives, inspection drives, and sometimes even day-to-day administrative duties.\n\nThese videos often receive widespread public attention, and many viewers express admiration, saying such content enhances transparency, motivates aspirants, and humanizes the bureaucracy. However, concerns have also emerged from various quarters. Senior officers argue that such content may blur the boundaries between personal branding and public service, while some citizens and media commentators point to instances where videos feature vulnerable beneficiaries without consent, raise concerns about misuse of official premises, or seem designed more for personal popularity than public accountability.\n(a) लोक सेवकों द्वारा अपने आधिकारिक कार्यों को सोशल मीडिया पर सार्वजनिक रूप से प्रदर्शित करने के कृत्यों में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों की पहचान कीजिए।\n(b) क्या ऐसी प्रथाएं जागरूकता और प्रेरणा को प्रोत्साहन देती हैं या क्या ये अनामिता, तटस्थता और सामूहिक सेवा भावना के मूल्यों से समझौता करती हैं? अपना मत दीजिए।\n(c) सचिव के रूप में, लोक सेवकों की उत्तरदायित्व डिजिटल सहभागिता सुनिश्चित करने के लिए आप कौन-से मार्गदर्शक सिद्धांत और नीतिगत अनुशंसाएं सुझाएंगे? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250"],[43,"You have been asked to prepare a report with recommendations to balance public interest, institutional integrity, and evolving modes of communication.\n(a) Identify the ethical issues involved in civil servants publicly showcasing their official work on social media.\n(b) Do such practices promote awareness and motivation, or do they compromise the values of anonymity, neutrality, and collective service ethos? Give your opinion.\n(c) As the Secretary, what guiding principles and policy recommendations would you suggest to ensure responsible digital engagement by civil servants?","20","Answer in 250"],[47,"10 You are the Director of the National Bioethics Commission who is responsible for assessing the ethical feasibility and oversight of a nationwide gene sequencing program. The project named GeneFuture, aims to sequence the DNA of every newborn child and store it in a centralized national database. The objective is to identify genetic predispositions to serious diseases early in life, allowing for preventive treatment and personalized medicine. Over 100,000 babies have already been enrolled in the pilot phase of the program. The government claims that this move is a landmark step in public health advancement.\n\nHowever, collection of newborn genetic data raises significant ethical concerns, particularly around informed consent, which may not fully capture parents' understanding of the long-term risks involved. Once gathered, this sensitive data could be misused for purposes such as surveillance, insurance discrimination, or commercial marketing by third parties. Uncertainty over data ownership—whether it lies with the state, parents, or the individual as they mature—further complicates the issue. The involvement of private tech and pharmaceutical companies heightens fears of commercial exploitation, especially in the absence of clear mechanisms for individuals to withdraw consent or delete their genetic information upon reaching adulthood.\n(a) What are the ethical issues you perceive in the implementation of the GeneFuture program?\n(b) Identify the conflicting interests of different stakeholders in this case.\n(c) What guiding ethical principles would you recommend for implementation of this project? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[52,"11. (a) उपयुक्त प्रकरण में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\n(b) इस विरोध को शांत करने के लिए आपके पास तत्काल क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\n(c) अंधविश्वास के व्यापक प्रभाव को दूर करने और संधारणीय लोक स्वास्थ्य परिणामों हेतु वैज्ञानिक सोच को बढ़ावा देने के लिए आप कौन-सी दीर्घकालिक रणनीतियाँ और प्रणालीगत सुधारों का सुझाव देंगे? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)\na) उपयुक्त प्रकरण में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\nb) इस विरोध को शांत करने के लिए आपके पास तत्काल क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\nc) अंधविश्वास के व्यापक प्रभाव को दूर करने और संधारणीय लोक स्वास्थ्य परिणामों हेतु वैज्ञानिक सोच को बढ़ावा देने के लिए आप कौन-सी दीर्घकालिक रणनीतियाँ और प्रणालीगत सुधारों का सुझाव देंगे? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250 शब्दों में"],[53,"(a) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the above case.\n(b) What are the immediate options available to you to overcome this resistance?\n(c) What long-term strategies and systemic reforms would you suggest to address the pervasive influence of superstition and foster a scientific temperament for sustainable public health outcomes? (Answer in 250 words)\na) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the above case.\nb) What are the immediate options available to you to overcome this resistance?\nc) What long-term strategies and systemic reforms would you suggest to address the pervasive influence of superstition and foster a scientific temperament for sustainable public health outcomes?","","250"],[57,"12 (a) आपके समक्ष विद्यमान संभावित प्रशासनिक और नैतिक दुविधाएं क्या हैं?\n(b) आपके लिए उपलब्ध सभी विकल्पों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\n(c) आप अपने निर्णय का नैतिक औचित्य सिद्ध करते हुए कौन-सी व्यापक कार्यवाही करेंगे? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)\na) आपके समक्ष विद्यमान संभावित प्रशासनिक और नैतिक दुविधाएं क्या हैं?\nb) आपके लिए उपलब्ध सभी विकल्पों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\nc) आप अपने निर्णय का नैतिक औचित्य सिद्ध करते हुए कौन-सी व्यापक कार्यवाही करेंगे? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250 शब्दों में"],[58,"(a) What are the potential administrative and ethical dilemmas you face?\n(b) Discuss all options available to you.\n(c) What comprehensive course of action would you choose to adopt, providing ethical justification for your decision?","","Answer in 250"]]},{"i":136,"t":"Aditya Pathak","c":"Forumias","p":"Essay","y":2025,"r":189,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/ADITYA-PATHAKUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-189-Sample-ESSAY-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"3 Growing regional aspirations and demand for greater autonomy: A challenge to Indian federalism.","",""],[16,"SECTION - B 1. The great aim of education is not knowledge but action.\n2. The global south must redefine development through cooperation and justice.\n3. There is no health without mental health.\n4. If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich.","",""],[30,"When must you seek mentorship?","",""]]},{"i":137,"t":"Aditya Pathak","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2025,"r":189,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/ADITYA-PATHAKUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-189-Sample-MGP-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) \"Extraordinary powers must be exercised with extraordinary care.\" Discuss in the context of Article 142 of the Indian Constitution.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Why are State Legislative Assemblies involved in the election of the President but excluded from the process of impeachment?","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) Private Member's Bills (PMBs) seldom become law in India, yet they are an important aspect of parliamentary democracy. Bring out their significance and suggest steps to strengthen the PMB process.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) Highlight the key points of convergence and divergence between the judicial systems of India and USA.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) The role of Election Commission of India has evolved beyond conducting elections to becoming a guardian of electoral democracy. Critically evaluate.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) What is the rationale behind the 'three-language formula' in India's education policy? Also highlight the challenges associated with its adoption and implementation across the country.","10","150"],[15,"Q-7) 'Emerging environmental concerns and evolving ecosystem perspectives demand a reimagined approach to rural water governance.' Discuss the key interventions needed to recalibrate rural water policies with special emphasis on the role of communities.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) Identify and discuss the challenges hindering effective implementation of gender-sensitive policies and schemes in the country.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9 Effective transboundary water management can act as a catalyst for regional peace and cooperation.' In light of this statement, bring out the opportunities and challenges for India in leveraging 'water diplomacy' in its neighbourhood.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10 What are the key areas of reform if the World Trade Organization (WTO) has to remain relevant in the present context of rising protectionism and trade wars?","10","150"],[23,"Q.11 The basic structure doctrine acts as a constitutional compass in balancing Parliament's legislative authority and constitutional supremacy. Comment.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12) Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) are pivotal to inclusive and efficient urban governance, yet they remain fiscally constrained and institutionally weak. Analyze.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 \"The judiciary has functioned as an institutional corrective, redefining and refining the contours of the Governor's office to prevent its misuse and uphold constitutional principles.\" Discuss this statement with the help of relevant case laws.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 How is the ‘vertical’ and ‘horizontal’ devolution of taxes to the states decided? Highlighting the concerns raised by some states regarding the devolution of taxes, suggest corrective measures.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 What steps are required for the constitutionalization of a Commission? Do you think granting constitutional status to the Central Information Commission (CIC) would strengthen the RTI regime in India? Give reasons.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16 Even as India experiences consistent economic growth and has achieved self-sufficiency in food production, hunger and food insecurity remain pressing concerns. Examine the factors responsible for this paradox and suggest steps to improve the situation.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 The Union Government has recently announced that caste enumeration will be part of the upcoming census. Examine the opportunities and challenges associated with conducting a nationwide 'caste census'. Also, propose a framework for its seamless and effective conduct.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 \"AI integration in governance is no longer a choice but a necessity.\" In light of this statement, discuss how AI can enhance education and healthcare governance.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 Providing a brief overview of the aims and objectives of BIMSTEC, explain its significance for India.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 India's approach to its relationship with China has evolved into what can be best described as 'competitive coexistence'. Discuss in light of recent developments. What should be the broad contours of India's future China policy?","15","250"],[54,"When must you seek mentorship?","",""]]},{"i":138,"t":"Aditya Pathak","c":"Forumias","p":"GS3","y":2025,"r":189,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/ADITYA-PATHAKUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-189-Sample-MGP-Copy-2.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1 The Union Budget 2025-26 outlines a shift towards the 'debt-to-GDP ratio' as the fiscal anchor starting from FY 2026-27. Discuss the rationale behind this shift.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Why does India need to transition from a 'build to print' to a 'build to design' model in manufacturing? What steps has been taken by the government in this regard?","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) Explain the concept of a nutrition-sensitive food system and suggest strategies to achieve it in the country.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) Give a brief overview of the 'Digital Agriculture Mission'. How can it benefit the agriculture sector?","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) Rare earths are not just elements; they are foundational inputs that act like 'seeds of technology'. Elaborate.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6 Why retrofitting Electrostatic Precipitators (ESPs) in Indian thermal power plants is a more viable and effective option compared to the installation of flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems?","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) 'The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) regime in India remains weak and is often reduced to a procedural formality.' In light of this statement, examine the key challenges in EIA implementation and suggest reforms.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) Plastic pollution is emerging as a serious environmental threat in India. Discuss the various mitigation measures to address this problem and also the government's initiatives in this regard.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9) Amid evolving threats, there is a need to blend private sector capabilities with India's current internal security architecture. In this context, elaborate on the ways in which the private sector can contribute to strengthening internal security.","10","150"],[20,"Ways in which private sector can contribute to Internal security","",""],[21,"Q.10 'Radicalisation in Jammu and Kashmir is driven as much by socio-economic factors as by external influences.' Discuss how education and youth engagement can play a role in countering radicalisation in J&K.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11) Outlining the key characteristics of the care economy, discuss how India can better integrate the value of unpaid and underpaid care work into its economic framework.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12 ‘The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) presents both unprecedented opportunities and significant challenges for India’s labour market.’ Examine. Also suggest strategies to align AI adoption with inclusive and resilient labour market outcomes.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13) Why does India's agricultural export performance remain weak despite high production levels? What measures would you suggest to improve agri-export competitiveness?","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 \"The agricultural subsidy regime in the country needs reforms to address the distortions it causes.\" Comment.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 How can biomanufacturing transform today's consumptive manufacturing paradigm to the one based on regenerative principles? Also discuss how BioE3 Policy (Biotechnology for Economy, Environment, and Employment) aims to foster biomanufacturing in the country.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16 The future of digital innovation depends on self-reliant, domain-specific AI capabilities. In this context, bring out the key considerations in developing indigenous AI models and tools. Suggest measures to build an enabling ecosystem for AI innovation in India. What initiatives have been taken by the government in this regard?","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 Marine oil spills are a form of environmental disaster, with far-reaching consequences for biodiversity and coastal livelihoods; however, India's preparedness to prevent such incidents and mitigate their impact has significant gaps. Analyze.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 'The United Nations has declared 2025 as the International Year of Glacier Preservation.' Bring out the ecological and socio-economic significance of glaciers. What are the key challenges in preserving them? What measures have been taken at national and international levels towards preservation of glaciers?","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 What are the determinants of insurgency in the north-eastern region of India? What strategy should the Government of India, civil administration and security forces adopt to counter the threat in the affected areas?","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have become an integral aspect of modern conflict and warfare, employed by both state and non-state actors. Discuss its implications for India's security architecture and state the measures being taken to address them. Also suggest other steps to tackle the threats emanating from UAVs.","15","250"]]},{"i":139,"t":"Aditya Pathak","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":2025,"r":189,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/ADITYA-PATHAKUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-189-Sample-MGP-Copy-3.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) Rising influence of money power in Indian elections poses a serious challenge to transparency, fairness, and democratic accountability. How can ethical electoral funding be ensured to maintain the integrity of democracy?","10","150"],[5,"b) Explain the key dimensions of ethics that influence human behaviour. How do these dimensions shape ethical decision-making in private life?","10","150"],[7,"Q.2) a) “Academic freedom is the bedrock of scholarly inquiry and intellectual progress.” Examine the ethical issues that arise when educational institutions yield to political, social, or economic pressures and compromises academic freedom.","10","150"],[9,"b) Fortitude enables a civil servant to make difficult yet morally right decisions. Explain with reference to real-life examples.","10","150"],[11,"Q.3) Given below are the three quotations of great thinkers. What do each of these quotations convey to you in the present context?\na) “When learning is purposeful, creativity blossoms. When creativity blossoms, thinking emanates. When thinking emanates, knowledge is fully lit. When knowledge is lit, the economy flourishes.”- Abdul Kalam.","10","150"],[13,"b) \"The difference between what we do and what we are capable of doing would suffice to solve most of the world's problems.\" - Mahatma Gandhi","10","150"],[15,"c) \"Love and compassion are necessities, not luxuries. Without them, humanity cannot survive.\" - Dalai Lama","10","150"],[17,"Q.4) a) What do you understand by the term ‘probity in governance’? Explain how probity acts as the foundation of ethical public administration.","10","150"],[19,"b) \"Starvation must not be used as a weapon of war.\" Yet, parties involved in conflicts often resort to the blockade of food and medical aid to civilians in conflict zones, deepening the humanitarian crisis. Powerful nations, despite their capacity to intervene, tend to prioritise strategic interests over humanitarian concerns. What ethical considerations should guide powerful nations in preventing such actions and ensuring unimpeded humanitarian access?","10","150"],[21,"Q.5) a) What teachings of Mahavira are most relevant today and why? Discuss.","10","150"],[23,"b) \"In contemporary times, social media platforms have emerged as powerful agents in shaping individual and societal attitudes.\" Do you agree with this view? Justify your answer.","10","150"],[25,"Q.6) a) What do you understand by the 'voice of conscience'? In what ways can you prepare yourself to listen to the voice of conscience?","10","150"],[27,"b) Effective utilisation of public funds is not merely an administrative requirement but a moral responsibility of those entrusted with public office. However, instances of funds allocated to government schemes lying idle or being diverted towards extraneous purposes continue to be reported across the country. Examine the reasons for under-utilization and mis-utilization of public funds and their implications.","10","150"],[29,"Q.7 A rail overbridge (ROB) is being planned in the capital city of a central Indian state. The project aims to reduce traffic congestion and ease delays at railway crossings, which affect thousands of daily commuters. It had been a long-standing demand of local residents, and the government approved it to address persistent traffic bottlenecks in the area. The project is to be executed by the State Public Works Department (PWD), with a strict completion deadline of one year i.e. 31st July 2026. The PWD Minister, who is also the local MLA, is scheduled to inaugurate the project in the third week of August 2026. This is planned to take place shortly before the expected announcement of state elections. Ramesh has been selected as the project manager of this prestigious assignment on the basis of his professional competence and experience.\n\nWhile reviewing the approved design plans in preparation for execution, Ramesh identifies a serious flaw. The proposed alignment includes a sharp 90-degree turn, incorporated due to spatial constraints between an electrified railway line on one side and ongoing metro construction on the other. From a technical standpoint, Ramesh believes the design is unsafe. It increases the risk of vehicular accidents, especially for heavy vehicles, and may lead to long-term inconvenience for road users.\n\nRamesh promptly raises the issue with the Chief Engineer. However, the Chief Engineer overrules the concern. He states that the General Arrangement Drawing (GAD) has already been approved by the Bridge Engineering Department, in coordination with Indian Railways. He points out that revisiting the design at this stage shall result in project delays, increased expenditure, and unwanted political attention.\n\nSubsequently, Ramesh comes to know that the contractor awarded the tender to execute the project is a close relative of the PWD Minister. He also receives unofficial communication suggesting that his promotion to Additional Chief Engineer is under active consideration, but could be jeopardised if he creates \"unnecessary hurdles\" in the project's timely completion.\n\nThe incumbent state government is eager to complete the overbridge before the elections and present it as a major developmental achievement. This adds to the pressure on Ramesh to expedite project execution without raising further objections. Nonetheless, he remains convinced that the current design is flawed and could have grave implications for public safety if left unaddressed.\n\nMeanwhile, the bridge design has also attracted widespread public attention after being published in a leading local newspaper. Images of the sharp 90-degree turn went viral on social media, drawing criticism and ridicule. Several engineering experts have publicly flagged the alignment as a potential safety hazard, reinforcing Ramesh's concerns.\na) Under the given conditions, what are the options available to Ramesh as a project manager?\nb) What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by Ramesh?\nc) What are the professional challenges likely to be faced by Ramesh and his response to overcome such challenges?","20","250"],[30,"a) दी गई परिस्थितियों में, एक परियोजना प्रबंधक के रूप में रमेश के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\nb) रमेश को किन नैतिक दुविधाओं का सामना करना पड़ रहा है?\nc) रमेश को किन व्यावसायिक चुनौतियों का सामना करना पड़ सकता है तथा ऐसी चुनौतियों पर नियंत्रण पाने के लिए उसकी क्या प्रतिक्रिया होनी चाहिए?","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[34,"Q.8 Srushti is a young and dynamic IPS officer, posted as Assistant Superintendent of Police (ASP) in a communally sensitive district. Her husband, Arjun, is an IAS officer and posted as Sub-Divisional Magistrate (SDM) in the same district. Both are honest, sincere and deeply committed to their work. They have a daughter who is just four months old, and is looked after by a domestic helper. Srushti resumed duty just two weeks ago after six months of maternity leave.\nAt 9 PM on Saturday night, Srushti is in her office reviewing the security arrangements with her team for an upcoming local festival. The situation in the area has been tense throughout the week due to a flare-up between two communities over a petty issue. Around 9:30 PM, she gets a call from the Superintendent of Police. He asks her to prepare a detailed law and order brief for a high-level meeting the next morning.\nSrushti reaches home at 10 PM, feeling exhausted. She has not been getting proper sleep during the week due to frequent night patrolling. Arjun also returns around the same time after a long day in the field. Their daughter has been unwell and cried through most of the previous night. Arjun expresses concern about Srushti's heavy workload and the baby's condition. He tells her that she can not keep pushing herself like this and that the child needs more of her attention. Srushti replies that she cannot afford to step back. She adds that people are already judging her and questioning her commitment to work for availing maternity leave. The conversation gradually turns into an argument. Arjun feels Srushti is ignoring her health and family, while Srushti feels judged and unsupported.\nLater that night, as Srushti sits at her desk preparing the report, she pauses and reflects on the purpose of her work. She had joined the IPS to serve the people and protect the vulnerable. But now, she wonders if she is being fair to her own child and family. Even as recently as last week, she had to cancel the family dinner as she had to attend an urgent meeting at the SP office. She also feels the weight of expectations. Male officers with children are rarely questioned. But as a new mother, she is constantly under scrutiny. Many in the department believe that women, especially new mothers, are not suitable for field duty.\nSrushti starts thinking about her options. She knows that whatever decision she makes will not only impact her own future but also influence the expectations placed on other working mothers in uniform.\na) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\nb) Evaluate the options available to Srushti in the above situation.\nc) What suggestions would you make to help officers like Srushti maintain a healthy work-life balance.","20","20"],[35,"a) उपयुक्त मामले में नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं?\nb) उपरोक्त स्थिति में सृष्टि के लिए उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन करें।\nc) सृष्टि जैसे अधिकारियों को स्वस्थ कार्य-जीवन संतुलन बनाए रखने में मदद करने के लिए आप क्या सुझाव देंगे?\na) उपयुक्त मामले में नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं?\nb) उपरोक्त स्थिति में सृष्टि के लिए उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन करें।\nc) सृष्टि जैसे अधिकारियों को स्वस्थ कार्य-जीवन संतुलन बनाए रखने में मदद करने के लिए आप क्या सुझाव देंगे?","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[39,"Q.9) A reputed Indian beauty & personal care company developed a herbal skin cream for the international market, claiming anti-ageing and skin-repair properties based on traditional Ayurvedic formulations. After obtaining the necessary approvals and export certifications, the company began exporting the product. The product received widespread positive feedback for its quality and natural formulation, and soon became a huge hit in international markets. Riding on this success, the company announced that the product would soon be made available to domestic consumers, with almost the same quality and health benefits.\n\nSubsequently, it secured approval from the domestic regulatory authority and launched the product in the Indian market. Over time, the brand gained a significant share of the domestic market and earned substantial revenues both nationally and internationally.\n\nHowever, during a random sample check, officials discovered that the cream sold in India differed from the version approved by the competent authority. The product failed to meet the claimed herbal composition and purity standards. Further investigation revealed that the company had often been distributing batches that had failed export quality checks.\n\nThe incident triggered widespread public criticism and regulatory scrutiny, leading to a sharp decline in the company's reputation and financial performance.\na) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the case.\nb) What actions should the competent regulatory authority take against the personal care company for violating domestic quality standards and distributing rejected export batches in the Indian market?\nc) What course of action is available to the company to manage the crisis and restore public trust and brand credibility?","20","20"],[43,"Q.10 A forest fire has broken out in a hilly district and is rapidly spreading toward an eco-sensitive area that includes four villages (ESA villages). These villages lie along the forest fringe and are surrounded by difficult terrain. The region is known for its biodiversity and traditional forest-based livelihoods. The inhabitants of these villages are mostly poor tribal communities, dependent on forest resources for their sustenance.\nYou, as the District Magistrate of the area, have rushed to the spot with a medical team, police personnel, NGOs, media, and support staff to oversee the rescue and containment operations. Your disaster response team on the ground is small and poorly equipped. Reinforcements from the district headquarter have been requested, but they may take several hours to arrive due to the remoteness and challenging terrain.\nIn the meantime, a group of trained ex-forest guards and local youth from the villages offer to help. They are experienced and familiar with the area. However, existing government rules do not permit the engagement of unofficial personnel in fire control operations without formal clearance and insurance coverage.\nYour team members are divided on this issue. Some members argue that volunteers should be engaged immediately to prevent the fire from spreading. Others caution that involving them without proper approval and safety cover could be risky and against protocol.\nAs the District Magistrate, you are also the Chairperson of the District Disaster Management Authority (DDMA). The fire is spreading at a very rapid rate, and immediate action is required to protect lives, property, and the environment. You are now in a dilemma.\na) What are the options available to you?\nb) Critically evaluate each of the options identified by you.\nc) What option would you adopt and why?\nd) What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by you?","20","250"],[47,"Q.11) In one of the government primary schools located in a rural block of a district, the newly appointed headmistress observed an unusual practice. The school had been preparing and serving mid-day meals separately to students belonging to different communities. Although the meals were cooked using a common gas connection, separate utensils, cooking areas, and serving arrangements had been in place for more than two decades. Students from the two communities had their food cooked and served by different cooks and ate in separate classrooms, despite attending classes together.\nAfter taking charge, the headmistress decided to discontinue this practice. She directed that food be prepared and served together for all students, using a common kitchen and utensils. However, the decision triggered backlash. A considerable number of parents across communities vehemently opposed the move and stopped sending their children to school. Consequently, attendance fell by almost 60 percent. This also raised concerns regarding the possible discontinuation of the mid-day meal scheme, withdrawal of teaching staff, and even closure of the school due to falling enrolment.\nThe issue has attracted attention from various political and social groups attempting to further polarise the situation and serve their vested interests.\nMarpi Apang, the District Education Officer (DEO), has been tasked by the Deputy Commissioner's office to amicably resolve the matter at the earliest. She has also been directed to submit a detailed report along with the Action Taken Report within a fortnight.\na) Identify the ethical issues involved in this case.\nb) What course of action should Marpi adopt and why?\nc) What should be the responsibilities of different social segments and agencies to create positive social ambiance for accepting such changes?","20","250"],[52,"Q.12) You are a Municipal Commissioner of a tier-2 city experiencing rapid urban expansion. Several high-rise residential and commercial buildings are under construction in the city to meet the growing demand for housing. One such luxury residential complex is being built, employing hundreds of daily-wage labourers, many of whom live in temporary settlements at the construction site. Late one night during the monsoon season, a large section of scaffolding and concrete slabs collapses from the upper floors of one of the under-construction buildings. Seven labourers, including two minors, die on the spot. Several others are critically injured and rushed to the hospital. The tragic incident results in public outrage, intense media scrutiny, and protests by a local NGO. The state government orders a formal inquiry and directs you to submit a report within a week. Your preliminary investigation reveals a series of irregularities. The construction material used is substandard and not in accordance with the National Building Code. Although the approved plan permits construction of fifteen floors, the builder has illegally added two extra floors. Moreover, the structure has encroached on land demarcated for a community park and a fire service lane under the city's Zonal Development Plan. These violations are not reported during site inspections conducted by the building inspector of the municipal corporation. The building clearance was granted during the tenure of your predecessor, who is not only your batchmate but also a close friend. Both of you were roommates during your training at LBSNAA. Prima facie, the case appears to involve a widespread nexus between officials of the Municipal Corporation and the builder. Your colleagues are putting pressure on you to go slow in the inquiry. Some of them suggest that holding the builder accountable could damage the city's image among investors and slow down urban development. Meanwhile, you come to know that the builder is the younger brother of a powerful minister in the state cabinet. One evening, his personal aide visits you privately. He suggests that the matter could be “mutually settled” and offers you a premium apartment worth ₹2 crore in the same residential complex. In the same breath, he hints that if the matter is not resolved swiftly in the builder's favour, someone in his office is prepared to file a complaint against you under the SC and ST (Prevention of Atrocities) Act.\na) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the case.\nb) What are the options available to you in this situation?\nc) Explain your selected course of action.","20","250"],[57,"When must you seek mentorship?","",""]]},{"i":140,"t":"Aditya Srivastava","c":"Nextias","p":"Essay","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/ee21bf4c91767f03906ea17bc7230b10/24/rank-1-aditya-srivatsava-essay-2.pdf","q":[[6,"Q.1 If you look into someone's face long enough, eventually you feel that you are looking into yourself.\nQ.2 We can easily forgive a child who is afraid of the dark; the real tragedy of life is when men are afraid of the light.\nQ.3 It is the province of knowledge to speak and it is the privilege of wisdom to listen.\nQ.4 Drop the question what tomorrow may bring, and count as profit every day that fate allows you.","",""],[17,"Q.5 Truth, like a torch, the more it is shook, it shines.\nQ.6 Art is I; science in We.\nQ.7 Only the dead have seen the end of the war.\nQ.8 Act as if it were impossible to fail.","",""]]},{"i":141,"t":"Aditya Srivastava","c":"Nextias","p":"Essay","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/ee21bf4c91767f03906ea17bc7230b10/33/rank-1-aditya-srivatsava-essay-3.pdf","q":[[6,"Q.4 In struggling with misfortune lies the true proof of virtue.","",""],[18,"Q.8 We can not despair of humanity, since we ourselves are human beings.","",""]]},{"i":932,"t":"Aditya Srivastava","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1xPLA0ZMK7qDz-4kxYQN3a-Cl5NBz3ohI/view","q":[[6,"1. (a) For effective corporate governance to take place in the coming years, why is it important to integrate the ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) metrics with the multi-stakeholder approach? What benefits can be accrued by such integration? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[8,"1. (b) In acts of corruption, the focus is often only on the demand side of the equation, on public officials who abuse their office for private gain. Frequently, the supply side is given less attention. Those who pay bribes are sometimes depicted as innocent parties and victims of extortionary practices of wily public servants. Do you agree that 'collusive corruption', in which there is a willing bribe-giver, is a formidable challenge for institutions fighting corruption?","10","150"],[10,"2. (a) The Citizens' Charters initiative was a response to the quest for solving the problems, which a citizen encountered, day in and day out, while dealing with the organisations providing public services. But the introduction and implementation of Citizens' Charters in the government of India has been difficult due to the old bureaucratic set up and the rigid attitudes of the work force. Discuss the major obstacles that have been encountered in implementing the Citizens' Charter initiative.","10","150"],[12,"2. (b) Quality of public service delivery is a major determinant of the quality of life of vulnerable sections in a highly unequal society divided along the lines of class, caste, religion, etc. In this background, do you think that public service delivery is efficient and sufficient enough to improve the lives of vulnerable groups in India? Critically examine.","10","150"],[14,"3 (a) What do each of the following quotations mean to you?\n(a) \"The wise man does not lay up his own treasures. The more he gives to others, the more he has for his own.\" - Lao Tzu (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"3. (b) \"If ethics are poor at the top, that behavior is copied down through the organization.\" - Robert Noyce (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[18,"3. (c) \"The end of law is not to abolish or restrain, but to preserve and enlarge freedom.\" - John Locke (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[20,"4. (a) Wealthy CEOs and founders of successful businesses around the world are increasingly pledging to give away their wealth in philanthropy. Do you think that such a move is sufficient enough to bring about a positive change in the society? Critically examine.","10","150"],[22,"4. (b) As organizations across the globe begin their artificial intelligence (AI) transformation, the leap into the AI era is expected to be more challenging than any technology that businesses have grappled with yet. In this background, discuss the concerns around fairness, transparency, and job security that may arise.","10","150"],[24,"5. (a) The emphasis of Swami Dayanand Saraswati on education, social equality, and ethical values continues to influence the socio-cultural discourse in contemporary India. Discuss with suitable examples.","10","150"],[26,"5. (b) Write short notes on the following in 30 words each :\n(i) Dedication to public service\n(ii) Non-partisanship in civil service\n(iii) Objectivity in decision-making","2 x 5 = 10","30 words each"],[28,"6. (a) Emotional intelligence may not be singularly associated with emotions or intelligence. It can also include a broad range of personality characteristics that might predict success in professional and everyday life. Discuss.","10","150"],[30,"6. (b) Traditional forms of state-led accountability, also characterised as vertical and horizontal channels of accountability, are increasingly found to be inadequate, and a myriad of multi-stakeholder and bottom-up citizen directed approaches have come to the fore, to supplement or supplant them. Discuss with illustrations.","10","150"],[32,"7 In the context of this case, answer the following:\n(a) इस प्रकरण में शामिल मुद्दे कौन-से हैं?\n(b) ऐसी प्रौद्योगिकियों को अपनाने के नकारात्मक प्रभावों को कम करने के लिए क्या उपाय किए जा सकते हैं? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250"],[33,"With reference to this case study, answer the following:\n(a) What are the issues involved in this case?\n(b) What measures can be taken to minimize the negative implications of adopting such technologies? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[37,"8 दी गई स्थिति में:\n(a) रीना को किन दुविधाओं का सामना करना पड़ रहा है?\n(b) उसके पास क्या विकल्प हैं? प्रत्येक के गुण और दोष बताइए।\n(c) उसके द्वारा अपनाई जाने वाली कार्रवाई को रेखांकित कीजिए, साथ ही उसका औचित्य सिद्ध कीजिए। (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250"],[38,"In the given situation:\n(a) What dilemmas does Rina face?\n(b) What options does she have? Provide the merits and demerits of each.\n(c) Highlight the course of action she should adopt, along with justification for the same.","20","Answer in 250"],[42,"9 As the Nodal Education Officer of the district, address the following questions:\n(a) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\n(b) How will you resolve the issues in the given case?\n(c) What long-term strategy needs to be adopted to deal with the menace of cheating in various examinations? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[47,"10. उपयुक्त जानकारी के संदर्भ में, निम्नलिखित पर ध्यान दीजिए:\n(a) प्रस्तुत प्रकरण में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दे कौन-से हैं?\n(b) महासागरों की संधारणीयता पर प्रतिकूल प्रभाव डाले बिना किसी राष्ट्र के आर्थिक विकास के दृष्टिकोण को कैसे प्राप्त किया जा सकता है? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250"],[48,"In the context of the above-stated information, address the following:\n(a) What are the ethical issues in the given case study?\n(b) How can the vision of economic development of a nation be achieved without adversely affecting the sustainability of oceans? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[52,"11. (a) आप एक जिला मजिस्ट्रेट हैं और यह क्षेत्र आपके क्षेत्राधिकार में आता है। दोनों पक्षों के लोग अपनी शिकायतें लेकर आपके पास आए हैं। आप दोनों दृष्टिकोणों में सामंजस्य स्थापित करने के लिए क्या करेंगे?\n(b) कार्रवाई के निम्नलिखित संभावित तरीकों के गुण और दोषों का उल्लेख कीजिए:\n(1) क्षेत्र के निवासियों के विरोध को नजरअंदाज करना और धार्मिक पूजा स्थल को मौजूद नियमों के अनुसार बनाने की अनुमति दे देना।\n(2) नए पूजा स्थल पर भरोसा करने वाले हजारों उपासकों को निराश करते हुए, निवासियों से सहमत होकर निर्माण पर रोक लगा देना।\n(3) एक समझौते के रूप में, आपके द्वारा पूजा स्थल पर भवन निर्माण संबंधी अतिरिक्त नियमों को लागू किया जाना या डिजाइन में संशोधन पर बल दिया जाना। (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250"],[53,"(a) You are a District Magistrate and the area lies in your jurisdiction. People from both sides have approached you with their grievances. What would you do to reconcile the two points of view?\n(b) Mention the merits and demerits of the following potential courses of action:\n(1) Ignore the opposition from the residents of the area and allow the place of religious worship to be built in accordance with the existing regulations.\n(2) Prohibit the construction, agreeing with the residents while causing distress among the thousands of worshippers counting on the new place of worship.\n(3) As a compromise, you place additional building regulations on the worship place or insist on modifications to the design. (Answer in 250 words)\na) You are a District Magistrate and the area lies in your jurisdiction. People from both sides have approached you with their grievances. What would you do to reconcile the two points of view?\nb) Mention the merits and demerits of the following potential courses of action:\n(1) Ignore the opposition from the residents of the area and allow the place of religious worship to be built in accordance with the existing regulations.\n(2) Prohibit the construction, agreeing with the residents while causing distress among the thousands of worshippers counting on the new place of worship.\n(3) As a compromise, you place additional building regulations on the worship place or insist on modifications to the design.","","250"],[57,"12 You are a public representative, elected on the ticket of a political party, considered as conservative by many. Your daughter, who has returned years after studying abroad, has conveyed to you her choice of marrying a person from another community. You personally do not consider anything wrong in her choice, and convey your assent to her. You also discuss it with many among your friends and family, and inform them of a grand wedding ceremony you are planning for your daughter. However, a few days after you have shared the news of the forthcoming grand wedding with many, you are informed by your political secretary about an issue being made of the same. He informs you that there are whispers among many people in your constituency about it, and indications of a sense of unease among some prominent citizens. While most of them are enamoured by your plans for a grand wedding ceremony for your daughter, they are unhappy about the bridegroom being from another community. You also get to know through your sources in the party, that your assent to the choice of the bridegroom may lead to a denial of ticket by the high command in the forthcoming elections. You are not only an ambitious politician and a rising star in your political party but also an open-minded, loving and doting father. But howsoever much you love your daughter's freedom and choices, you do not want her decision to adversely affect your political journey. This is more so, when you had been eagerly looking forward to greater responsibilities and a higher stature in the party, given the years of hardwork you have put in, as a politician. Your daughter, on the other hand, is firm with her choice and does not want her impending grand wedding to be affected in any way.\n(a) उपयुक्त प्रकरण में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दे कौन-से हैं?\n(b) एक पिता और एक महत्वाकांक्षी राजनीतिज्ञ के रूप में आपके पास उपलब्ध विभिन्न विकल्प क्या हैं?\n(c) आपकी कार्रवाई का तरीका क्या होगा? उचित तर्क सहित पुष्टि कीजिए। (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250"],[58,"Given this situation, answer the following:\n(a) What are the ethical issues in the above situation?\n(b) What are the various options that you have, as a father and an ambitious politician?\n(c) What will be your course of action? Justify with proper reasoning. (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"]]},{"i":933,"t":"Aditya Srivastava","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ts8zxpOcIAMdHeNJs0l_QQeWCilGlsl7/view","q":[[6,"1. (a) The logic of limitless wealth lies in the basic human instinct for furthering self-interest in the form of profit. In this context, do you think there is a possibility of pursuing ethical capitalism? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[8,"1. (b) If a law is unjust, a man is not only right to disobey it, he is obligated to do so. Discuss.","10","150"],[10,"2. (a) The capacity of Citizens' Charter to initiate any transformative process is conditioned upon it being appropriately designed and effectively executed. Discuss.","10","150"],[12,"2. (b) The moral fiber and ethical conduct of public officials not only influence the standard of governance but also their own interests and performance. Elaborate. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[14,"3. (a) The ongoing debate on euthanasia poses several ethical questions. Discuss.","10","150"],[16,"3. (b) Foreign aid is a form of neo-colonialism, as the economically wealthier countries can exploit the developing countries under the cloak of aid. Examine.","10","150"],[18,"4. (a) Throwing light on the idea of Universal Humanism propounded by Rabindranath Tagore, discuss its contemporary relevance. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[20,"4. (b) Do you agree with the view that it is nature and not nurture which determines the emotional intelligence of a person? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[22,"5. (a) Values that guide public administrators can often compete with each other, owing to their relative importance to the larger public interest. Discuss with examples. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[24,"5. (b) Is it justifiable to say that corruption is a social phenomenon? What are the various ways through which administrative corruption can be tackled? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[26,"6 (a) What do each of the following quotations mean to you?\n(a) \"Overcoming poverty is not a task of charity; it is an act of justice.\" Nelson Mandela (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[28,"6. (b) \"I do believe that, where there is only a choice between cowardice and violence, I would advise violence.\" - Mahatma Gandhi (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[30,"6. (c) \"Change does not roll in on the wheels of inevitability, but comes through continuous struggle.\" Martin Luther King Jr (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[32,"7 You are posted as the Commissioner of Police in a metropolitan city where a visiting foreign dignitary, with President-level security cover, is scheduled to visit for an official function. As a part of the security preparedness, it has been decided that no vehicular traffic will be allowed on the route which will be taken by the foreign dignitary to reach the venue of the function in the city. However, just 15 minutes before the scheduled arrival of the dignitary, you are informed that a critically-ill patient is stuck on the way to the hospital in a private car along with his family.\n\nIn this situation, answer the following:\n(a) Discuss the issues involved in halting traffic for VIP movement.\n(b) List the options available to you in this situation with their merits and demerits.\n(c) What will be your course of action? Justify with proper reasoning. (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[37,"8 In light of the above, answer the following:\n(a) Identify the challenges faced by transgenders during the different stages of their life.\n(b) Discuss the reasons for the continuing discrimination against transgenders in India despite several initiatives for their upliftment in recent times. (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[42,"9 In the given scenario, answer the following questions:\n(a) Identify the stakeholders and the ethical issues involved in the case.\n(b) What steps will you take to ensure that the enquiry is seen to be fair and impartial?\n(c) Given the challenges that the police forces in India operate under in their day-to-day functioning, suggest some initiatives to address them. (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[47,"10. Mr. X is a billionaire businessman who heads a conglomerate engaged in insurance, energy generation and distribution, and manufacturing. Despite being globally known as a great philanthropist, he turned down a shareholder request seeking the disclosure of the conglomerate's actions on issues related to climate change as well as diversity and inclusion.\n\nBecause of increased attention to climate and diversity issues, many leading firms have committed themselves to incorporate relevant considerations in their business strategies. Therefore, some industry-observers wonder if Mr. X is out of touch with the industry at large and have warned him that failing to address climate change issues puts his businesses under systemic risk. But, Mr. X maintained his vote against the disclosure proposal, while at the same time acknowledged the importance of both climate change and a diverse and inclusive work force. However, Mr. X believes that such ethical issues take secondary importance to maximising shareholder profit.\n(a) Discuss the importance of including climate change strategies and diversity and inclusion in a business organisation?\n(b) In your opinion, what matters more for a business organisation - socio-environmental concerns or shareholder profit?\n(c) How can the two above-mentioned issues be reconciled? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[48,"(a) Importance of climate change strategies.","",""],[52,"11 You are posted as a Superintendent of Police (SP) in a district where people of different religious communities are living together peacefully. The district is also famous for its architectural heritage and is regularly visited by tourists from all around the world. However, there has been an incident in the nearby state where people of two different communities have started fighting over religious issues. This incident has a spillover effect over the whole country. In your own area of jurisdiction, you have come to know from various sources about circulation of some hate speech videos, which have the potential to destabilise the law and order situation. You are also aware that some outsiders with dubious intentions have started pouring in your district. In one locality, a shopkeeper who had earlier filed a complaint regarding threats he received for posting something on the internet, is found murdered in cold blood. This incident has stunned the nation. You are being informed that hundreds of people of the community to which the shopkeeper belonged are planning to stage a massive protest in your district.\n(a) In the given situation, what are the options available to you to ensure that the law and order situation in the district remains stable. Provide a detailed account of your course of action.\n(b) Do you think the present legal and institutional mechanisms are sufficient to tackle the menace of hate speech in the society? (Answer in 250 words)","",""],[57,"12 In this context, answer the following questions:\n(a) What are the consequences of ‘rote learning’ on the educational development of young students in the country?\n(b) Suggest measures that can be taken to address this issue. (Answer in 250 words)","","250"]]},{"i":142,"t":"Aditya Srivatsava","c":"Nextias","p":"Essay","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/ee21bf4c91767f03906ea17bc7230b10/25/rank-1-aditya-srivatsava-essay-1.pdf","q":[[19,"how to balance the necessity of speed with the lack of its sufficiency?","",""]]},{"i":143,"t":"Aditya Talwar","c":"Forumias","p":"GS1","y":2025,"r":270,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/ADITYA-TALWARUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-270-Sample-MGP-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[2,"Q.1 \"India’s democratic roots are deeply embedded in its ancient civilizational ethos.\" Discuss in the context of India being referred to as the ‘Mother of Democracy’.","10","150"],[3,"Q.8 The alienation of modern lifestyles from nature has contributed to the ongoing environmental crisis in India. Examine.","10","150"],[4,"Q.16) Bring out the major features of the Indian monsoon and elaborate upon its causative factors.","15","250"]]},{"i":144,"t":"Aditya Talwar","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2025,"r":270,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/ADITYA-TALWARUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-270-Sample-MGP-Copy-2.pdf","q":[[2,"Q.1) To what extent, in your opinion, have the ideals of the Preamble been realised in the country’s 75-year constitutional journey?","10","150"],[3,"Q.7 \"India’s poverty lies in the eyes of the beholder.\" In light of this statement, examine the need for a credible and periodically updated poverty estimation framework in the country.","10","150"],[4,"Q.13 'The post of Deputy Speaker goes beyond ceremonial significance and is indispensable to Indian parliamentary democracy.' Discuss with relevant constitutional provisions and conventions. Also, examine the implications of the prolonged vacancy of the Deputy Speaker's post.","15","250"],[5,"Q.19 Examine the factors behind the growing salience of the Arctic region in international politics. Discuss, in this context, strategies for India to recalibrate its Arctic engagement.","15","250"],[41,"16 Should Aadhar be Mandatorily linked","",""]]},{"i":145,"t":"Aditya Talwar","c":"Forumias","p":"GS3","y":2025,"r":270,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/ADITYA-TALWARUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-270-Sample-MGP-Copy-3.pdf","q":[[2,"Q.1) “Inclusive growth is both a process and an outcome, ensuring that everyone has access to the benefits of economic growth.\" Discuss in Indian context.","10","150"],[3,"Q.8 \"India's heavy reliance on imported edible oils, stemming from multiple factors, calls for a comprehensive approach to boost domestic production and reduce this dependency.\" Elaborate.","10","150"],[4,"Q.15 India's ambitions for self-reliance in defence sector are commendable, yet the pace of technological indigenization has been sluggish. In light of the statement, discuss the key challenges faced by the country in indigenizing the defence sector. Also, mention the initiatives taken by the government in this regard.","15","250"],[10,"Can Drinitization Help?","",""]]},{"i":146,"t":"Aditya Vikram Agarwal","c":"Nextias","p":"Essay","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/4/aditya-essay-test-2-1745478084159.pdf","q":[[7,"Q.4 Competition is the law of the jungle, but cooperation is the law of civilization.","",""],[19,"Q.5 Not everything that is faced can be changed, but nothing can be changed until it is faced.\nQ.6 The road to success and the road to failure are almost exactly the same.\nQ.7 To be or not to be, that is the question.\nQ.8 Wisdom is to live in tune with the mode of the changing world.","",""]]},{"i":934,"t":"Aishwarya Verma","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1F5E7JTZ8teHSc3yPETDdlji2HpotF_jP/view","q":[[6,"1. (a) Explain the concept of Sarvodaya with the help of examples from the lives of prominent personalities.","10","150"],[8,"1. (b) The life and teachings of Guru Nanak presents a template for leading a life within the corridors of ethics and values. Discuss. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[10,"2. (a) There is no 'invisible hand' channeling self-interest into some social optimum. In this context, the State has an integral role to play in making available essential public goods and services, despite the increasing pace of privatization. Do you agree? Justify with examples from India.","10","150"],[12,"2. (b) Even though the state actors who make rules and implement them have an important role to play in the fight against corruption, the battle is not likely to succeed without the active efforts of various segments of society. Discuss.","10","150"],[14,"3. (a) What do you understand by Social Intelligence? Discuss its various components and explain how it is different from Emotional Intelligence.","10","150"],[16,"3. (b) Ethical behaviour is the best not merely in the context of morality, but it is also the best in the context of one's own career prospects. Discuss in the context of civil services in India.","10","150"],[18,"4. (a) The press is an important agent in ensuring the citizen's right to receive and impart information as a measure of probity in governance. In this context, do you think that the press in India discharges its duty honestly? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[20,"4. (b) The failure to deliver on its promises by Citizen's Charters in the last two decades has shown that there are some complex set of factors underlying this seemingly simple task. What are they? Identify and provide their resolution.","10","150"],[22,"5. (a) Medical ethics is particularly relevant in decisions regarding involuntary treatment and involuntary commitment. In view of this, highlighting the importance of medical ethics, discuss the issues in its implementation. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[24,"5. (b) The fundamental principle in a democracy is that all public functionaries are trustees of the people and this trusteeship relationship requires that the authority entrusted to the functionaries be exercised in 'public interest'. Discuss.","10","Answer in 150"],[26,"6 (a) What do each of the following quotations mean to you?\n(a) \"If you are neutral in situations of injustice, you have chosen the side of the oppressor.\" - Desmond Tutu (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[28,"6. (b) \"Disobedience is the true foundation of liberty. The obedient must be slaves.\" - Henry David Thoreau (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[30,"6. (c) \"That which isn't good for the hive, isn't good for the bee\"- Marcus Aurelius (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[32,"7 You are a Superintendent of Police tasked with conducting an internal departmental inquiry into an alleged case of custodial torture and subsequent disappearance of three tribal persons. The case of the police force is that these persons were habitual offenders who had committed theft. The police had nabbed them for interrogation but they escaped from the police custody and are absconding. Family members of these persons, on the other hand, maintain that they were falsely framed in the case and were not in a condition to flee due to custodial torture. They are alleging foul play on the part of the police and suspect that the police is behind their disappearance. Prima facie, you find many lacunae in the police investigation. The policemen did not produce these persons before the Magistrate nor did they get them medically examined, as required by the law. One of your seniors, without referring to the case, informally talks to you about the adverse working conditions of the police force and insinuates that all police personnel should help each other. He also says that all serving officers need to be mindful of the fact that they are part of the police force and should not do anything which may tarnish the reputation of the police department.\n(a) Identify the stakeholders and various issues involved in the case.\n(b) How will you conduct a fair and impartial inquiry that ensures that public perception regarding cover-up in such cases does not gain ground?\n(c) Highlight the reasons for the continuing impunity of custodial deaths in India, and recommend steps that authorities should take to resolve it. (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[37,"(a) What are the ethical issues involved in the direct recruitment of industry professionals in important government positions?\n(b) Do you think a longer mandatory cooling off period for government officials before they join private firms can help in addressing some of the issues? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[42,"9 You are working as the Head of Ethics and Compliance in a big mobile manufacturing company that is known for its innovation and quality products. Both the customers and the shareholders are pleased with the performance of the company as they get value for their money and high returns on their investments respectively.\n\nTin is a major component in the products manufactured by your company. It was recently brought to your attention that workers - many of them children - are working in unsafe conditions, digging tin out by hand in mines prone to landslides that could bury them alive. About 70% of the tin used in smartphones manufactured by the company comes from these more dangerous, small-scale mines. The company defends its practices by saying it only has so much control over monitoring and regulating its component sources. The justification advanced of its sourcing practices is that it is a complex process, with tens of thousands of miners selling tin, many of them through middle-men or third-party contractors.\n\nBased on the above case, answer the following questions:\n(a) What are the ethical issues in the above case?\n(b) Can customers of the company be expected to take into account such practices before buying any product of the company?\n(c) If the management were to seek your opinion on the matter, what course of action will you suggest? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[43,"(a) Ethical issues involved in the case:\n(i) Business ethics erosion vs profit Motives\n(ii) Abysmal condition of worker that goes against human rights.\n(iii) Issue of child labour which is against rule of law.\n(iv) Social responsibility of the company towards the employees and society.\n(v) Exploitation of workers through middleman.\n(vi) Threat to life of persons working in mines.","",""],[47,"You are posted as the Sub-Divisional Magistrate in a backward district. Recently, a young couple belonging to different castes eloped from the village belonging to your sub-division. They wanted to marry but the caste conflict prevailing in the village was a big hurdle for them. So, they planned to get married secretly and then come back to the village. On account of their elopement, the girl's family, which belongs to the dominant landlord caste, filed a case of kidnapping against the boy and have riled up the villagers against him and his family. After their return to the village, the couple meet you before meeting their family members. On account of your official position, they request you to convince their family members and other members of the village to accept them. The village has witnessed many caste conflicts and honour killings in the past on account of such incidents and the present matter may aggravate caste-related tensions. Under these circumstances, answer the following questions:\n(a) Identify the stakeholders and associated issues in the given case.\n(b) What are the options that you have? Highlight your course of action and give suitable justification for the same. (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[52,"11 In this context, answer the following questions:\n(a) What are the ethical concerns in allowing the operation of educational institutions on a profit motivation?\n(b) Is the most important role of education preparing people for gainful employment or should education and knowledge be appreciated for their own sake?\n(c) Discuss various ways in which value-based education can be instilled. (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[57,"Beggars are a common sight at traffic junctions and places of worship across cities in India. They are labelled as nuisance makers who often harass commuters and devotees by relentlessly pestering for money. Recently, an appeal was made in the Supreme Court to end this practice by putting a ban on begging in the national capital. However, human rights groups have advocated that banning begging is not the ideal way to end it, as the underlying socio-economic issues that lead to begging remain unresolved. In this context:\n(a) Bring out the moral and ethical concerns pertaining to begging in India.\n(b) Discuss the factors that pushes an individual to opt for begging.\n(c) If you pass by a beggar, what will you do - give your money to a beggar or ignore the beggar and give your spare money instead to charities that assist the most needy? Give logical reasons in support of your answer. (Answer in 250 words)","","250"]]},{"i":935,"t":"Aishwarya Verma","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1rwuW2KghS3dsjhmFJhtXMHIsiSWqmYia/view","q":[[3,"1. (a) Open Government Data (OGD) can be seen as a step towards greater transparency and accountability in India. In this context, discuss the benefits of OGD and the challenges which lie therein.","10","150"],[5,"1. (b) An important requisite for ensuring probity in governance is absence of corruption. Analyse.","10","150"],[7,"2. (a) Enumerate the decisive factors behind moral attitude. Also, discuss any incident from your life wherein you brought about a change in someone's attitude around an important social issue.","10","150"],[9,"2. (b) Highlighting the importance of whistle-blowing in an organisation, discuss the systemic factors that determine whether a person would become a whistle-blower.","10","150"],[11,"3. (a) Transparent governance promises an accountable state but a balance has to be achieved between disclosure requirements and administrative privileges for efficient governance. Discuss.","10","150"],[13,"3. (b) Citizen empowerment is a natural outcome of a Citizen's Charter. Critically evaluate in the Indian context.","10","150"],[15,"4. (a) Emotional Intelligence is an essential ingredient for successful implementation of pandemic induced emergency response. Comment in the light of COVID-19 pandemic.","10","150"],[17,"4. (b) Discretionary power by itself is not pure evil but gives much room for misuse. Discuss in the context of administration in India.","10","150"],[19,"5. (a) Explain the ethical issues involved in spending government funds for advertisement campaigns and publicity.","10","150"],[21,"5. (b) Explaining the concept of political neutrality, discuss its significance in administration. Also, highlight how the Central Civil Services (Conduct) Rules seek to ensure political neutrality in the civil services.","10","150"],[25,"6. (b) \"Strive not to be a success, but rather to be of value.\" - Albert Einstein","10","150"],[27,"6. (c) \"Virtue lies in our power, and similarly so does vice; because where it is in our power to act, it is also in our power not to act.\" — Aristotle","10","150"],[29,"7. Party X has a clear majority in the Lok Sabha. However, because of it falling short of majority in the Rajya Sabha, a large number of its bills are getting stalled in the Upper House. Elections of a key state are around the corner and the party desperately needs to win, for it to secure a majority in the Rajya Sabha. As part of its campaign strategy, the social media head of the party suggests an insidious strategy to make electoral gains. A part of the strategy involves sending out questionnaires online and promoting them using ads. The response filled by people to these online questionnaires will help reveal their key personality traits to the social media team of the party. These behavioral science insights would be important in helping candidates tailor their campaign messages according to the recipient's personality traits. However, because the content of the questionnaire is incendiary and polarizing, the social media team decides to use fake accounts to administer data collection on social media platforms to avoid getting penalised. In addition, the strategy also involves sending out provocative content through online ads and fake news reports. This goes against the spirit of free and fair elections and violates the Election Commission guidelines on multiple levels.\n\nAs one of the key members of the social media team of the party, you have been entrusted with carrying out this campaign successfully.\n(a) What are the key ethical issues involved in this case?\n(b) What is the course of action you would take? Give reasons for your response in a situation like this?","20","in around 250"],[30,"(a) इस प्रकरण में सम्मिलित प्रमुख नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं?\n(b) आपके द्वारा की जाने वाली कार्रवाई क्या होगी? इस तरह की स्थिति में अपनी प्रतिक्रिया के कारण बताएं?\na) इस प्रकरण में सम्मिलित प्रमुख नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं?\nb) आपके द्वारा की जाने वाली कार्रवाई क्या होगी? इस तरह की स्थिति में अपनी प्रतिक्रिया के कारण बताएं?","",""],[35,"8. You are an IPS officer on your first posting in a very poor and isolated rural area of one of the most backward states of the country. In your office complex, of which you are the incharge, there is a frequent sewage related problem, causing inconvenience to the employees in your office complex and severely affecting the efficiency of the workplace. It might also lead to health disorders and diseases such as cholera, diarrhoea etc. To resolve it, the cleaning workers are made to do manual scavenging work without due regards to their safety. Most of these workers are from marginalised castes and are discriminated against socially. You are aware of the laws banning manual scavenging and the loopholes around it. In this context, answer the following questions:\n(a) What are the issues which you need to address in this situation?\n(b) Present your course of action to deal with the given situation.","20",""],[40,"9. You have recently been posted as a District Development Officer in a traditionally rural area that has seen rapid economic development in the past few years. You notice that there is a huge disparity between the number of male and female children in the area. When you go to the hospital and check the birth registry, you realise that registered new-born babies are mostly males. On further investigation, you notice a similar pattern in the village primary school, which has more male students than females. When you raise the issue with your colleagues, they ignore it and carry on with their work. You suspect that the practice of female foeticide may be entrenched in the area as you had read about the issue in the context of this state while studying for the Civil Services Examination. It seems to you that respected members of the community like doctors, politicians and government officials have chosen to ignore the issue, given the prevalence of patriarchy and mind-set of voters in the area. Thus, despite rapid economic development, preference for male child continues to persist. Based on the information above, answer the following:\n(a) Do you have any ethical duty in this scenario? Justify your views.\n(b) What would be your next steps and why?","20",""],[45,"10. According to some reports, gambling and betting together, while illegal, have evolved into a multi-billion dollar industry in India with one estimate pegging the market at $60 billion. Added to this is the wide reach of cricket as a sport and the periodic cases of betting in it making to news. It has been suggested by some that making gambling and betting legal would resolve many issues and also contribute to the exchequer. On the other hand, there remains a strong opinion against doing so.\n(a) What is your opinion on the matter?\n(b) Also, identify the merits of the arguments in opposition to the stand you have taken.","20",""],[50,"11. You work as a marketing consultant for a multinational company that specializes in various products including nutrient supplements, diet pills etc. The company pays its employees extremely well and provides satisfactory fringe benefits. Your manager has hinted that he will recommend you for overseas company transfer, which will improve your job profile. This has motivated you to work harder and perform better. The company has to advertise and sell a new weight loss pill 'X'. As per in-company research, it has minimal or no side effects and has no adverse impacts on health, which is its unique selling point (USP). You are given the responsibility of heading the marketing team for advertising pill 'X'. Due to a well-crafted marketing strategy including endorsement by a renowned celebrity, the product has generated considerable public attention. However, while working on an advertisement campaign for the pill, you find out that the in-company research findings of pill 'X' are fabricated. While it indeed has no side-effects, there are no proven benefits of taking the pill as well. It merely acts as a placebo. When you bring up the issue with your manager, he promptly tells you to keep the facts to yourself. He also indirectly brings up the fact that your performance review date is approaching and hints that you will get transferred overseas if you prove your loyalty to the company. Based on the given information, address the following:\n(a) Identify the stakeholders in this situation.\n(b) State the ethical issues that arise in this case.\n(c) Discuss your options in this scenario and mention your next step.","20",""],[51,"दी गई जानकारी के आधार पर, निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर दीजिए:\n(a) इस स्थिति में हितधारकों की पहचान कीजिए।\n(b) इस प्रकरण में उत्पन्न होने वाले नैतिक मुद्दों का उल्लेख कीजिए।\n(c) इस परिदृश्य में अपने विकल्पों की विवेचना कीजिए और अपने अगले कदम का उल्लेख कीजिए।","",""],[56,"12. There was an incident at a company wherein a fire broke out and led to a number of casualties. During the preliminary inquiry, one of the employees and bystander witnesses, specified that the company had taken all the safety measures and the management was not at fault. During litigation, the same employee was identified as a witness and his deposition was to be taken. The issue is now in the court. You are a Senior Manager of the company and accompanying the said employee to the court for the deposition. On the way the employee tells you that he had lied during the inquiry and that the truth was worse for the company than he had stated previously.\n(a) Identify the various ethical issues you would face in this situation.\n(b) What would you suggest the employee to do? Give reasons for your suggestions.","20",""]]},{"i":936,"t":"Aishwarya Verma","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1E3f9mgwHWqZ_CTYsyyv8yBW6H3xEdUdI/view","q":[[3,"1. (a) Morality is neither divine commands nor universal principle of thought rather practices developed by groups of human beings striving to avoid mutually harmful conflict and promote mutually beneficial cooperation. Comment.","10","150"],[5,"1. (b) \"Never do anything against the conscience even if the state demands it.\" In this context, discuss the role of conscience in taking ethical decisions in administration.","10","150"],[7,"2. (a) \"While corruption is never good, not all forms of corruption are equally bad for the economy, nor do they cause the same kind of harm.\" Critically analyse the statement in the context of India.","10","150"],[9,"2. (b) Explain different aspects of the 'right conduct' taught by Mahavira to attain a life full of happiness and content.","10","150"],[11,"3. (a) Analyze the significance of appointing ethics officers in the light of strengthening corporate governance in India.","10","150"],[13,"3. (b) What is the ethical basis behind the idea of reparations for historical wrongs committed against certain groups?","10","150"],[15,"4. (a) Gender inequality begins at home and then gets institutionalised at the societal level. Discuss.","10","150"],[17,"4. (b) What do you understand by Integrity Pacts? In light of recent events, analyse their utility in ensuring transparency and efficiency in public procurement in India.","10","150"],[19,"5. (a) For a public servant to fulfill his ethical obligations, it is important that there be no dichotomy between his personal ethics and public ethics. Analyze.","10","150"],[21,"5. (b) The moral circle of humanity has been expanding constantly over time. Discuss in this context whether non-human entities should have the same rights as human beings.","10","150"],[23,"6. What do each of the following quotations mean to you?\n(a) \"Each individual is capable of transforming his immediate environment by attempting a radical transformation inside him\". - J Krishnamurti","10","150"],[25,"6. (b) \"Facts are many, but the truth is one.\" - Rabindranath Tagore","10","150"],[27,"6. (c) \"It may be expedient but it is not just that some should have less in order that others may prosper.\" — John Rawls","10","150"],[29,"7. You are a single mother and work as a school counsellor for the psychological well-being of primary and secondary school children at a reputed school. Recently, you have found through your interactions that several students have been facing emotional trauma and mental health issues. Realising the gravity of the situation you want to discuss this with the school authorities and the board of trustees and come up with an advanced plan that can help parents get better involved. However, during the meeting, concerns are raised regarding your findings and the lack of supporting evidence is also cited by some. Moreover, senior members who are present express a sense of displeasure at what this might mean for the reputation of the school.\n\nYou are thoroughly appalled with this approach of the school authorities, yet you are mired down in your own financial circumstances.\nOn the basis of the above situation, answer the following:\n(a) Identify the most relevant stakeholders in the case.\n(b) What are the dilemmas in the case?\n(c) Discuss how stigmatisation of mental health issues can be addressed in schools.","20","in around 250"],[34,"8. You are working as a Divisional Forest Officer in an area which is home to tigers. Recently, there have been reports of a tiger venturing into agricultural fields and also killing livestock of villagers. Unfortunately, 2-3 villagers have been killed by some wild animals in last few weeks. Villagers claim that the tiger has killed their fellow villagers and request you to protect their lives and property by either relocating or killing the man-eater tiger. They also obstructed investigation of forest officials to ascertain whether it was the work of tiger or some other animals. Your attempts to trap the tiger have not been successful. Concerned over the delay in killing or relocating the tiger, villagers hire a private hunter to kill the tiger on their own and argue that they have a right to defend themselves and their property. In this context, answer the following questions:\n(a) Identify the issues involved in this scenario.\n(b) What steps would you take as the Divisional Forest Officer to ensure villagers' safety along with protection of tigers?","20",""],[39,"9 Though discrimination on racial grounds is generally associated with Western countries, arguably similar notions of colour and racial discrimination are prevalent in India too. Many Indians are found to be obsessed for \"White\" skin tone as visible in matrimonial ads and popularity of whitening creams. They are also found to be more hospitable towards the white-skinned Europeans than the dark-skinned Africans. Even within the country, people can be found to be discriminating fellow countrymen on the basis of their skin tone. People from North-East India face frequent racial abuse and are referred to by various derogatory names. All these point towards racism being practised and accepted in India. Moreover, it is not considered a very serious issue as the anti-discrimination laws in India are not stringent enough to deal with hate crimes associated with racism.\n(a) In this context, discuss the ethical issues associated with the practice and acceptance of racial discrimination in India.\n(b) If you have been tasked to formulate a plan to combat hate crimes associated with racism in India and bring about an attitudinal change, what would be your suggestions?","20",""],[40,"a) Ethical issues involved with racial discrimination?","",""],[44,"10. You are the Superintendent of Police of a city where a large slum has developed in recent decades on the property of Indian Railways. The Indian Railways has prepared a plan for expansion of the city railway station for which they want to get the slums demolished. They have requested the assistance of local police for the same, however, the people residing in those slums have responded angrily to this step and have occupied the railway tracks, resisting any action by the officials. Slum dwellers are asking for a suitable rehabilitation, citing that the city is under the grip of a cold wave as the month of December is in progress. This has not only halted the railway traffic on the route causing immense hardships to railway passengers but also posing risk of violence between slum-dwellers and the police.\nGiven the situation\n(a) Identify various issues involved in the case along with different stakeholders.\n(b) What course of action would you follow to end this situation of confrontation and resume normal functioning of the Railways?","20",""],[49,"11 With its highly coveted line of consumer electronics, a multinational company 'A' has a cult following among loyal consumers and makes profits of crores of rupees. Recently, a report by an international non-governmental organisation has highlighted that in some overseas production centres of the company, the working conditions are hazardous for the labour, which include children also. In some centres, the international environmental standards are also flouted. The company's global head has defended their position by saying that they have little control over monitoring and regulating the entire supply chain due to internationalization of the production process. Based on the above information, answer the following:\n(a) Do you think company 'A' should be held responsible for ethical lapses made by individuals further down its supply chain?\n(b) Should customers be expected to take into account the ethical track record of companies while making purchases? Give reasons.","20",""],[54,"12. In a recent survey around social and economic indicators, a certain state in the country was found grossly underperforming. The state is marred with the issues of poverty, hunger, social backwardness, lawlessness and underdevelopment. In about seven decades since gaining independence, this state has continued to perform poorly across various indices. In the past, the Chief Minister had set up a fact finding Committee to report on the chief causes of the backwardness of the State. After years of ground research and surveying, it was found that the one of the main causes of the state's backwardness was its huge population that amplified resource scarcity to unimaginable proportions. Taking a clue from the facts presented in the report, the State Cabinet constitutes a panel of policy makers to consider this question of growing population and suggest suitable revisions to the State's Population Policy. The Panel recommends legislating a Population Control Bill that has a contentious provision in the form of 'One Child' norm. You are the Chief of this Panel and the recommendations of the Panel require your approval to be tabled in the Chief Minister's Office. In this context, answer the following questions:\n(a) What are the ethical issues related to population control of a compulsory nature that you would consider before approving or rejecting the recommendation?\n(b) What would be your course of action in the aforementioned case? Suggest reasons for the same.","20",""]]},{"i":147,"t":"Ajay R Raj","c":"Forumias","p":"GS1","y":2025,"r":109,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/AJAY-RAJ-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-109-Sample-MGP-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) Why is Indus Valley Civilization considered an urban civilization? Can you identify some of the elements of IVC that have influenced the present-day culture of the Indian subcontinent?","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Vijayanagar was syncretic society and it made immense contribution to the development of art and literature in the region. Substantiate with examples.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) Describe any three important problems that India faced during early years after independence. How were these problems resolved?","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) What are the criteria used to identify tribals in India? Assess the efforts made towards the integration of tribal communities after independence.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) Analyze the roots and manifestations of regionalism in India. Is regionalism always a threat to unity and integrity of the country?","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) Examine the influence of regional and local traditions on temple architecture of ancient India. Also explain how ancient temple architecture impacted the architectural style and design of later periods.","15","250"],[16,"Q.7 Gandhara art was a hybrid school that reflects the cultural contact between India and the Hellenistic world. Elaborate. Also discuss the unique features of Gandhara art viz-a-viz Mathura and Amaravati school of art.","15","250"],[17,"Q.8) Critically examine the conditions that necessitated the imposition of National Emergency in 1975. What were its short term and long-term impacts for the country?","15","250"],[20,"Q.9) Why is the decade of 1960 known as 'dangerous decade'? How did India surmount the challenges faced during this era?","15","250"],[23,"Q.10 Globalization has been selective of social sections and economic sectors in sharing its boons and banes. In light of this statement, discuss the impact of globalization on Indian society.","15","250"]]},{"i":151,"t":"Akansh Dhull","c":"Vision","p":"GS1","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/2ac99-661968_4510_akansh_dhull_rank_03.pdf","q":[[6,"1. Folk music serves as a repository of the cultural identity. Discuss the role of folk music in preserving cultural heritage and promoting social cohesion.","10","150"],[8,"2. How does the Vesara style of temple architecture represent a synthesis of the Nagara and Dravida styles? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[10,"3. Discuss the role played by Indians living abroad in advancing the cause of India's freedom struggle. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[12,"4. How did the Marshall Plan influence the economic recovery and political stability of post-war Europe? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[14,"5. Discuss the factors responsible for increased cyclonic activity in the Arabian Sea. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"6. How can technological interventions help in transforming the textile sector in India? What are the initiatives that the government has taken in this regard? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[18,"7. What is a seiche and how does it form? Discuss the geographical conditions under which seiches are most likely to occur. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[20,"8. How has rapid urbanisation affected the socio-cultural landscape of peri-urban regions in India? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[22,"9. Examine the role of historical and socio-political factors in driving communalism in Indian politics. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[24,"10. Globalization has significantly influenced the aspirations, lifestyle, and value systems of Indian youth. Discuss with suitable examples. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[26,"11. Examine how Chandragupta-II's reign symbolised a golden age of cultural development, laying the foundation for future advancements in Indian art and literature. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[29,"12. Evaluate the intended and unintended consequences of British educational policies for the Indian society in the colonial period. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[32,"13. India's territorial disputes after independence were not merely about borders, but also encompass issues of national identity, historical grievances, and geopolitical strategies. Discuss. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[35,"14. Discuss the geographical conditions responsible for the development of shola forests in the upper reaches of the Western Ghats. Highlight their ecological significance. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[38,"15. Discuss the potential of natural hydrogen as a fuel to meet growing global energy demands? Why is it still an untapped industry? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[39,"Why still untapped industry? Due to inherent challenges","",""],[41,"16 Why is there a shift of labour-intensive industries from China to South and Southeast Asia? Discuss the advantages and challenges for India in this context.","15","250"],[44,"17. Explain the socio-economic transformations resulting from women's migration to metropolitan areas in India. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[47,"18. The institution of marriage in India is increasingly becoming a site of conspicuous consumption and commodification. Critically examine the impact of this commercialisation on social equity and gender relations. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[50,"19. Analyse how recognizing, reducing, and redistributing care work can foster gender equality and promote inclusive development in India.","15","250"],[53,"20. Discuss the changing nature of family structures in urban India. How is it impacting elderly care and socialization of the youth? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"]]},{"i":148,"t":"Akansh Dhull","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2025,"r":3,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/AKANSH-DHULL-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-3-Sample-MGP-Copy-2.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) To what extent can the Jan Vishwas (Amendment of Provisions) Act 2023 help enhance trust-based governance for ease of living and doing business?","10","150"],[5,"Q.2 Fluctuations in the price of TOP (tomato, onion, potato) crops impact all strata of societies. Highlighting the reasons and implications of such fluctuations, evaluate the effectiveness of Operations Greens in stabilizing the otherwise restive horticulture sector.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) A focused and sustained promotion and pursuit of blue economy help meet the challenges of food security, national security, and climate security. Discuss.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) What advantages does Green Hydrogen and a hydrogen economy offer in addressing national and global concerns? Discuss the impediments in its adoption.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5 In what ways do plastics harm human, animal, and ocean health? Bring out the various domestic and international efforts that have been put in this regard in recent times?","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) Though spatially distributed across the length and breath of the country, incidents of cloud burst disproportionately impact the mountaneous regions. Comment","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) As the emerging technologies enhance their reach and extent, the amalgamation of real and virtual will become inevitable. In this perspective, discuss how metaverse will alter the lives of common man.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) What makes dark matter difficult to detect? Also, analyse how the search for the elusive dark matter has influenced the trailing of modern pursuits in science.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9 While AFSPA has been criticised for promoting excesses by the security forces, its profound utility to upkeep the security situation cannot be overstated. Comment.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10) Its not only the heft but also the agility, efficiency, and swiftness which will define the warfare in the contemporary times. In this context, discuss the relevance of the Agnipath scheme.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11 The path towards an Atmanirbhar Bharat traverses through an overhaul of industrial policies. Comment, with special reference to the Production Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12) Infrastructure investments are crucial for socio-economic development, as they have a multiplier effect on economy, however, concerns for safety must not be ignored. Discuss in the light of recent events","15","250"],[29,"Q.13) How will you explain the irony of poor adoption of millet crops despite their multifarious advantages? Also, recommend measures to curb this anomaly.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 Analyze the role Agri-tech can play in penetration of technology in agriculture. In what ways can Agristack help address the crisis in the farm sector.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 The objective of an inclusive clean energy transition will remain incomplete without leveraging the potential of the biofuels. Enumerating the seminal provisions of the National Biofuel Policy, analyze the possible challenges in its smooth implementation.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16 Despite having a robust legal architecture in the form of Disaster Management Act, 2005, a coordinated on ground response to disaster remains in a state of want. Comment.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 With suitable examples, throw light upon the use of disruptive technologies like Big Data and Artificial Intelligence (AI) in enhancing the service delivery component of good governance.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 Trace the evolution of Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) from its humble beginnings as the space agency of the government to becoming a technology behemoth, spearheading innovations with respect to satellites, launch vehicles, and planetary explorations.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 In what ways has Drug trafficking taken new forms and new routes in recent years. Elucidate the steps taken by the govt in this regard, with special reference to Operation Samudragupta.","15","250"],[50,"Q20 Why does the North East remain a hotbed of insurgency? With special emphasis on government measures, discuss the steps to ameliorate the situation.","15","250"],[54,"When must you seek mentorship?","",""]]},{"i":152,"t":"Akansh Dhull","c":"Vision","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/91774-661968_2929_akansh_dhull_rank_03.pdf","q":[[6,"1. Expression of dissent is central to the functioning of the Parliament. In light of this, discuss the role of the Leader of Opposition (LoP) in India's parliamentary system.","10","Answer in 150"],[8,"2. How can the integration of technology into judicial processes enhance accessibility, capability, and efficiency in justice delivery? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[10,"3. The Supreme Court of India has upheld unique asymmetry in India's federalism by intricately balancing centralized authority and regional autonomy. Discuss with the help of relevant case laws.","10","Answer in 150"],[12,"4. Evaluate the effectiveness of the National Commission for Scheduled Castes in safeguarding the interests of the Scheduled Castes in India. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[14,"5. Executive accountability to the legislature through Parliamentary Committees has been the hallmark of the Indian political system. Comment. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"6. How can India make Citizens' Charter a powerful tool for improving governance and empowering citizens? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[18,"7. How do corporate donors aid NGOs in facilitating holistic development in India? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[20,"8 Despite its merits, should the POCSO Act be revisited to correct the existing inadequacies? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[22,"9. China's acquisition of strategic ports globally has significant implications for international trade routes and economic relations. Discuss.","10","150"],[24,"10. What are the main functions of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)? How will its recent treaty on intellectual property, genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge benefit India?","10","Answer in 150"],[26,"11. While the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) plays a crucial role in combating corruption, its functioning is often criticized for being partisan and acting against the federal spirit. Discuss with the help of suitable examples.","15","Answer in 250"],[27,"Criticism :- Acting against federal spirit : why ?","",""],[29,"12. Governors in India often overstep their constitutional role and fail to act effectively when needed. Comment. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[32,"13. Both India and the USA adhere to democratic principles but their electoral systems exhibit significant differences. What are the key differences in electoral practices between the two countries? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[35,"14. How far do you agree with the view that the National Green Tribunal (NGT) has met its objective of ensuring environmental justice in India? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[38,"15. Though Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) have become a platform for competitive politics, they have not emerged as an agency of planning and service delivery. Why? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[41,"16. What do you understand by interoperability in e-governance? What steps have been taken by the government to ensure interoperability and integration of various e-governance systems? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[44,"17. When it comes to sexual and reproductive health of women in India, rights-based discourse has largely been bypassed not just by the societal norms but also by the legal norms. Discuss.","15","250"],[47,"18. How effective has India been in enhancing immunization coverage over the years? What challenges continue to affect immunization efforts in the country?","15","250"],[50,"19. India used its Presidency of the G20 to bring the voice of the Global South to the centre stage. Discuss with special reference to Africa.","15","250"],[53,"20. India's relationship with the UAE has witnessed a remarkable expansion across various domains in the last decade. Discuss.","15","Answer in 250"]]},{"i":149,"t":"Akansh Dhull","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/9cb98-661968_2931_akansh_dhull_rank_03.pdf","q":[[6,"1. (a) The end cannot justify the means, for the simple and obvious reason that the means employed determine the nature of the ends produced. Discuss with suitable examples.","10","150"],[8,"1. (b) Discuss how the relationship between law and ethics is dynamic and continuously shaped by societal changes. Provide examples to illustrate this dynamic relationship.","10","150"],[10,"2. (a) Differentiate between probity and integrity with suitable examples. How do these values contribute to ethical governance and decision-making in the civil services? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[12,"2. (b) Discuss the ethical implications of withholding information in public administration. How can transparency enhance accountability and reduce corruption in government institutions? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[14,"3 (a) What do each of the following quotations mean to you?\n \"There is no school equal to a decent home and no teacher equal to a virtuous parent.\" - Mahatma Gandhi (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"3. (b) \"Everyone thinks of changing the world, but no one thinks of changing himself.\" - Leo Tolstoy (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[18,"3. (c) \"To see what is right and not do it is a lack of courage.\" – Confucius (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[20,"4. (a) What factors lead to a positive attitude in a person? How does positive attitude enhance the effectiveness of civil servants in performing their duties? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[22,"4. (b) Discuss how emotional intelligence can influence ethical decision-making in the allocation of scarce public resources.","10","150"],[24,"5. (a) Various international humanitarian organizations provide emergency aid in conflict zones around the world. Highlight the ethical challenges faced by such organizations. What are the principles that guide international humanitarian work? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[26,"5. (b) Why is persuasion regarded as an important skill for civil servants? What are the key considerations that should guide persuasion in governance? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[28,"6. (a) What role can ethical leadership play in curbing corruption, especially in public service? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[30,"6. (b) What were the major teachings of Swami Dayanand Saraswati? Explain their relevance in addressing the current ethical and social challenges in India. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[33,"(a) Discuss the ethical dilemma Karan faces in deciding whether to report the incident against Mariyam's wishes.\n(b) Evaluate the options available to Karan. Which of these options should he choose and why?\n(c) What responsibilities do organizations like XYZ Corp have in preventing and addressing sexual harassment and creating inclusive workplace environments? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[36,"Why? Why?\n1 Compromise with injustice is injustice and has cascading effect","",""],[38,"8 (a) शिक्षा विभाग के आयुक्त के रूप में जय के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं? इनमें से प्रत्येक विकल्प का मूल्यांकन कीजिए।\n(b) जय को कौन-सा विकल्प अपनाना चाहिए और क्यों?\n(c) जय जैसे सिविल सेवकों को अपने दायित्वों के निर्वहन में नैतिक मानकों को बनाए रखने के प्रयास के दौरान बेहतर सुरक्षा कैसे प्रदान की जा सकती है? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)\na) शिक्षा विभाग के आयुक्त के रूप में जय के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं? इनमें से प्रत्येक विकल्प का मूल्यांकन कीजिए।\nb) जय को कौन-सा विकल्प अपनाना चाहिए और क्यों?\nc) जय जैसे सिविल सेवकों को अपने दायित्वों के निर्वहन में नैतिक मानकों को बनाए रखने के प्रयास के दौरान बेहतर सुरक्षा कैसे प्रदान की जा सकती है? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250 शब्दों में"],[39,"(a) What are the options available to Jay as the Commissioner of the Education Department? Evaluate each of these options.\n(b) What option should Jay adopt and why?\n(c) How can civil servants like Jay be better protected when they attempt to uphold ethical standards in their work? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[43,"9 As the District Magistrate of X city, you are responsible for overseeing the construction of a new metro depot in an urban forest area, which is a critical infrastructure project aimed at improving public transportation and reducing traffic congestion and air pollution. The project, however, requires the clearance of a substantial portion of the forest, which has triggered strong opposition from environmental activists, local residents, and NGOs. This forest is widely regarded as essential for the city's ecological balance, often referred to as the city's \"lungs.\" In addition to the environmental concerns, you are under considerable pressure from politicians at the state-level to expedite the project, given the upcoming elections in two years. The political leadership emphasizes the benefits of the metro project for the city's development and its potential to garner electoral support. The project is expected to significantly reduce travel time for thousands of commuters and potentially decrease overall vehicle emissions in the city. However, it would also lead to the loss of thousands of trees and disrupt local ecosystems. As you prepare to make a decision, you are aware that your choice will have far-reaching consequences for both the city's development and its environment.\n(a) Identify the ethical dilemmas involved in the above case.\n(b) Evaluate the options available to you in the above situation. Which of these would you choose and why?\n(c) Suggest some measures that could be implemented to balance urban development needs with environmental conservation in future projects. (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[48,"10 Dr. Mehra is a senior drug developer at a leading pharmaceutical company in India, renowned for producing various medications, including lifesaving drugs critical for treating chronic and rare diseases. Since its inception, the company has emphasized the quality and affordability of its drugs.\n\nRecently, under revised government guidelines, pharmaceutical companies are required to market a finished product only after obtaining \"satisfactory results\" from tests on the ingredients. Additionally, they must retain a sufficient quantity of samples of both intermediate and final products to allow repeated testing or verification of a batch.\n\nDr. Mehra's team is in the final stages of developing a new medication for a rare but life-threatening disease. This drug has shown promising results in clinical trials. However, there have been unresolved concerns about the long-term side effects of the drug, observed in a small percentage of trial subjects. Despite this, the company has not released any major drug in the past decade, leading to significant pressure from the board members to expedite the drug's release.\n(a) Identify the stakeholders in the above case study.\n(b) Discuss the ethical issues faced by Dr. Mehra.\n(c) Analyse the options available to Dr. Mehra in the above case. Which of these would you choose and why? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[51,"2 Withholding drug till final research happens\nMerit 1) Compliance to guideline\n2) No harm to goodwill if any failure\nDemerit 1) Board becoming restless\n2) Profitability of pharma company","",""],[53,"11 You have been appointed as the Under Secretary in the State Urban Development Department. The Department has been tasked with a prestigious project aimed at revitalizing the infrastructure of a city with deep historical significance. This project, which you are extremely passionate about, involves modernizing public transportation, restoring heritage buildings, and creating green spaces while preserving the city's cultural essence.\n\nExcited by the opportunity, you spent weeks researching and drafting a comprehensive proposal. Your plan included innovative ideas for sustainable development, community engagement, and leveraging technology for urban planning. You presented these initial plans in a departmental meeting, hoping to inspire your colleagues and kickstart the project.\n\nHowever, your enthusiasm was met with indifference. Your colleagues showed little interest, failing to contribute ideas or efforts towards the project. Concerned, you reported this lack of enthusiasm to your immediate superior, who is also the authority for this project. To your dismay,\n(a) इस प्रकरण में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\n(b) उपयुक्त कार्य संस्कृति कार्यस्थल पर मनोबल और उत्पादकता को किस प्रकार प्रभावित करती है?\n(c) आपके पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं और आप इस स्थिति का समाधान किस प्रकार करेंगे? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250 शब्दों में"],[54,"(a) Discuss the ethical issues involved in this case.\n(b) How does the above-mentioned work culture affect workplace morale and productivity?\n(c) What are the options available to you and how would you address the situation? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[58,"12 (a) उपयुक्त प्रकरण के आलोक में, कॉर्पोरेट, राजनीतिक और नौकरशाही के हितों के बीच गठजोड़ से उत्पन्न होने वाले नैतिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\n(b) एक कर्तव्यनिष्ठ सिविल सेवक के रूप में, अरुण के पास उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन कीजिए। उसे कौन-सा विकल्प चुनना चाहिए और क्यों? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)\na) उपयुक्त प्रकरण के आलोक में, कॉर्पोरेट, राजनीतिक और नौकरशाही के हितों के बीच गठजोड़ से उत्पन्न होने वाले नैतिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\nb) एक कर्तव्यनिष्ठ सिविल सेवक के रूप में, अरुण के पास उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन कीजिए। उसे कौन-सा विकल्प चुनना चाहिए और क्यों? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250 शब्दों में"],[59,"(a) and (b) (a) In light of the above case, discuss the ethical issues that may arise from the nexus between corporate, political, and bureaucratic interests.\n(b) As a conscientious civil servant, evaluate the options available to Arun. Which option should he choose and why? (Answer in 250 words)\na) In light of the above case, discuss the ethical issues that may arise from the nexus between corporate, political, and bureaucratic interests.\nb) As a conscientious civil servant, evaluate the options available to Arun. Which option should he choose and why? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"]]},{"i":150,"t":"Akansh Dhull","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/0ee89-661968_4513_akansh_dhull_rank_03.pdf","q":[[6,"1. (a) Compassion is the courageous choice to feel another's suffering as one's own, and to act upon it, even when silence is safer and indifference is easier. Examine the significance of compassion as an essential ethical value for civil servants in India. Illustrate your answer with suitable examples. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[8,"1. (b) Marriages in India are transitioning from traditional sacramental unions to more autonomous relationships, reflected in live-in relationships and rising divorce rates. Discuss the ethical dimensions of these changes. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[10,"2. (a) While accountability often necessitates documentation, an overemphasis on bureaucratic procedures and excessive paperwork can inadvertently silence the very voices that public policy intends to empower, particularly at the grassroots. Examine the above statement with suitable illustrations.","10","150"],[11,"2 Goal displacement\n(a) Not disbursing funds impacting millions due to document lapse. How silences voices that seeks to serve?\n(b) How to manage?","",""],[12,"2. (b) The principle of impartiality may conflict with the need for compassion towards marginalized communities. Discuss in the context of civil services in India. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[13,"How to bridge this gap?","",""],[14,"3 (a) What do each of the following quotations mean to you?\n(a) \"The strength of a nation derives from the integrity of the home.\" - Confucius (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"3. (b) \"Act only according to that maxim through which you can at the same time will that it become a universal law.\" - Immanuel Kant (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[18,"3. (c) \"We are not only responsible for what we do, but also for what we fail to do\" - Molière. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[20,"4. (a) Patriotism encourages ethical questioning, while nationalism often suppresses it. Discuss this statement in light of the formation of political attitudes during high-pressure national events. How can individuals develop moral attitudes that balance national interest with ethical reasoning? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[22,"4. (b) Discuss how employee well-being and fairness can be balanced with efficiency and profitability in private organisations. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[24,"5. (a) Do you agree that excessive use of social media and emerging AI technologies may lead to a decline in emotional regulation and moral sensitivity among adolescents? Justify your answer.","","150"],[26,"5. (b) In light of the increasing incidents of suicides among students in India, discuss how Emotional Intelligence (EI) can aid in managing stress and emotional challenges.","10","150"],[28,"6. (a) In public service, emotional intelligence is not about suppressing emotion, but mastering its purpose — to connect, to de-escalate, and to uplift others with empathy and strength. Do you agree with this view? Discuss.","10","150"],[30,"6. (b) An efficient work culture is built not only on rules, but on shared values. In this context, evaluate the role of leadership and team dynamics in transforming work culture within an organization.","10","150"],[32,"7 You are posted as the Joint Secretary in the Department of Information Technology of a state. The government recently implemented several citizen-centric digital services, collecting large volumes of personal data from residents. The Digital Personal Data Protection (DPDP) Act, 2023, requires that such data be processed only with explicit and informed consent, and mandates that processing must cease immediately upon withdrawal of consent.\n\nDuring an internal audit, you discover that the department continues to process and analyze personal data of several citizens even after they have formally withdrawn their consent. This data is being used for policy analytics and service improvement, purposes not explicitly disclosed at the time of data collection. When you bring this to the attention of your department head, you are informed that halting the processing will disrupt ongoing digital initiatives and may affect state-level performance metrics. Moreover, you find that the consent withdrawal process is cumbersome, and many citizens are unaware of their rights under the DPDP Act.\n\nYou also learn that a prominent social activist is planning to file a complaint with the Data Protection Board against involuntary use of personal data, which could attract public scrutiny and legal action against the department.\n(a) Identify and discuss the ethical issues involved in this case.\n(b) What are the potential consequences for the department if the issue is not addressed transparently?\n(c) How would you balance the need for efficient public service delivery with the obligation to protect citizens’ data rights? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[37,"8 You are an IAS officer, currently serving as the Secretary of the Public Works Department in a hill state. Recently, a disturbing incident has come to light involving a senior Cabinet Minister and two engineers of the National Highways Authority of India (NHAI). During an inspection of a critical highway project, the Minister was allegedly seen on video physically assaulting and verbally abusing the engineers in full public view. The video, recorded by bystanders, went viral on social media and was widely covered by television channels, sparking both outrage and support from different sections of society. The Minister later defended his actions, alleging that the officials were corrupt, unresponsive to local grievances, and responsible for inordinate delays in the project. He insisted that his actions were driven by public frustration and the urgency of delivering infrastructure to a remote region.\n\nHowever, the engineers have filed a police complaint and written to their superiors, claiming they were targeted for resisting political pressure to award contracts to specific local contractors linked to the Minister. As the situation escalated, a union of NHAI engineers declared a strike,\n(a) इस प्रकरण में शामिल प्रमुख नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं? हितधारकों और उनके परस्पर विरोधी हितों की पहचान कीजिए।\n(b) लोक निर्माण विभाग के सचिव के रूप में, आप उपयुक्त स्थिति में क्या कार्रवाई करेंगे?\n(c) ऐसी घटनाएं सिविल सेवकों के मनोबल और शासन में जनता के विश्वास को कैसे प्रभावित करती हैं? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250"],[38,"(a) What are the key ethical issues involved in this situation? Identify the stakeholders and their conflicting interests.\n(b) As the Secretary of the PWD, what actions will you take in above situation?\n(c) How do such incidents affect the morale of civil servants and public trust in governance? (Answer in 250 words)\na) What are the key ethical issues involved in this situation? Identify the stakeholders and their conflicting interests.\nb) As the Secretary of the PWD, what actions will you take in above situation?\nc) How do such incidents affect the morale of civil servants and public trust in governance?","20","250"],[42,"9 You are the Secretary in the Department of Personnel and Training (DoPT), Government of India. In recent years, an increasing number of civil servants, particularly younger officers from the IAS, IPS, and IRS, have begun maintaining personal YouTube channels and social media pages. On these platforms, they regularly post videos related to their official work — showcasing innovative projects, public outreach initiatives, inspection drives, and sometimes even day-to-day administrative duties.\n\nThese videos often receive widespread public attention, and many viewers express admiration, saying such content enhances transparency, motivates aspirants, and humanizes the bureaucracy. However, concerns have also emerged from various quarters. Senior officers argue that such content may blur the boundaries between personal branding and public service, while some citizens and media commentators point to instances where videos feature vulnerable beneficiaries without consent, raise concerns about misuse of official premises, or seem designed more for personal popularity than public accountability.\n\nYou have been asked to prepare a report, including recommendations on maintaining a balance between public interest, institutional integrity, and evolving modes of communication.\n(a) Identify the ethical issues involved in civil servants publicly showcasing their official work on social media platforms.\n(b) Do such initiatives promote awareness and motivation, or do they compromise anonymity, neutrality, and the collective spirit of public service? Justify your opinion.\n(c) As Secretary, what guiding principles and disciplinary measures would you suggest to ensure responsible digital participation by civil servants? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[43,"You have been asked to prepare a report with recommendations to balance public interest, institutional integrity, and evolving modes of communication.\n(a) Identify the ethical issues involved in civil servants publicly showcasing their official work on social media.\n(b) Do such practices promote awareness and motivation, or do they compromise the values of anonymity, neutrality, and collective service ethos? Give your opinion.\n(c) As the Secretary, what guiding principles and policy recommendations would you suggest to ensure responsible digital engagement by civil servants? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[45,"How to do if needed?","",""],[47,"10 You are the Director of the National Bioethics Commission who is responsible for assessing the ethical feasibility and oversight of a nationwide gene sequencing program. The project named GeneFuture, aims to sequence the DNA of every newborn child and store it in a centralized national database. The objective is to identify genetic predispositions to serious diseases early in life, allowing for preventive treatment and personalized medicine. Over 100,000 babies have already been enrolled in the pilot phase of the program. The government claims that this move is a landmark step in public health advancement.\n\nHowever, collection of newborn genetic data raises significant ethical concerns, particularly around informed consent, which may not fully capture parents' understanding of the long-term risks involved. Once gathered, this sensitive data could be misused for purposes such as surveillance, insurance discrimination, or commercial marketing by third parties. Uncertainty over data ownership—whether it lies with the state, parents, or the individual as they mature—further complicates the issue. The involvement of private tech and pharmaceutical companies heightens fears of commercial exploitation, especially in the absence of clear mechanisms for individuals to withdraw consent or delete their genetic information upon reaching adulthood.\n(a) What are the ethical issues you perceive in the implementation of the GeneFuture program?\n(b) Identify the conflicting interests of different stakeholders in this case.\n(c) What guiding ethical principles would you recommend for implementation of this project? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[52,"11 You are a dedicated District Health Officer (DHO) with a strong commitment to evidence-based public health practices, recently assigned to a remote district in India. Your immediate and most critical task is to lead a crucial district-wide Measles-Rubella (MR) vaccination drive, aimed at achieving 100% immunization coverage among children aged 9 months to 15 years. The success of this drive is vital for the collective health of thousands of children and for the district's overall health indicators, especially with the impending monsoon season posing additional health challenges.\n\nHowever, in one of the largest and most traditional villages in your district, you encounter formidable resistance. The villagers, deeply influenced by the pronouncements of a revered local\n(a) उपयुक्त प्रकरण में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\n(b) इस विरोध को शांत करने के लिए आपके पास तत्काल क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\n(c) अंधविश्वास के व्यापक प्रभाव को दूर करने और संधारणीय लोक स्वास्थ्य परिणामों हेतु वैज्ञानिक सोच को बढ़ावा देने के लिए आप कौन-सी दीर्घकालिक रणनीतियाँ और प्रणालीगत सुधारों का सुझाव देंगे? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250"],[53,"(a) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the above case.\n(b) What are the immediate options available to you to overcome this resistance?\n(c) What long-term strategies and systemic reforms would you suggest to address the pervasive influence of superstition and foster a scientific temperament for sustainable public health outcomes? (Answer in 250 words)\na) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the above case.\nb) What are the immediate options available to you to overcome this resistance?\nc) What long-term strategies and systemic reforms would you suggest to address the pervasive influence of superstition and foster a scientific temperament for sustainable public health outcomes?","20","250"],[57,"12 You are a highly motivated and principle-driven Gram Panchayat Secretary, recently posted in a large and socio-economically diverse village in a remote district. Your immediate and most critical task is the meticulous verification of beneficiaries for the 'Gramin Awas Yojana' – a flagship state housing scheme aimed at providing 'pucca' (brick) houses to the genuinely impoverished and landless households. The scheme is under tight deadlines, with funds\n(a) What are the possible administrative and ethical dilemmas you face?\n(b) Discuss all the options available to you.\n(c) While justifying the ethical propriety of your decision, what broad actions will you take? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[58,"(a) What are the potential administrative and ethical dilemmas you face?\n(b) Discuss all options available to you.\n(c) What comprehensive course of action would you choose to adopt, providing ethical justification for your decision? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"]]},{"i":153,"t":"Akarsh Dhull","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2025,"r":3,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/AKANSH-DHULL-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-3-Sample-MGP-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) Critically evaluate the significance of the Basic Structure Doctrine in the five decades since its judicial pronouncement.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Though defamation law is vital to protect one's reputation and dignity in society, weaponization of the same to curb dissent and free speech is antithetical in a constitutional democracy. Comment.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3 Explore the legal-constitutional basis for the conflicts between the elected government and the institution of the Lieutenant Governor over the governance process in the Union Territory of Delhi. Analyse the role that the Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi Act, 2023, can play in resolving it.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) The objective of the Mediation Bill, 2023 is to have a mediation first approach to civil and commercial disputes resolution, with the purpose of reducing the burden of litigation on Courts, providing alternate means of disputes resolution, and enhancing the country's reputation as an investor friendly destination. Comment, with special emphasis on the salient features of the bill.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) A middle point between socialism and capitalism, cooperatives bring the best of the both worlds. Assess the utility of the cooperative model in effecting rural prosperity.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6 Evaluate the efficacy of Forest Rights Act, 2006 (FRA) and Panchayat (Extension of the Scheduled Areas) Act, 1996 (PESA) in attaining their mandate. Also, recommend measures to make these legislations more effective in attaining their desired objectives.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) Differentiate between the legal and illegal means adopted by advocacy networks to advance their interests. What are the factors that limit their effectiveness as a pressure group?","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) Discuss the steps taken by the government in empowering Self Help Groups as a development partner in poverty alleviation. Also highlight the challenges in the working of SHGs.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9) Changing strategic realities come with their own constraints and possibilities. Describe briefly India's defense diplomacy in the context of contemporary geopolitics.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10 Explain the significance and implications of the China-brokered diplomatic accord between Iran and Saudi Arabia.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11 A key pillar of Constitutional morality is constitutional punctuality. Illustrate with suitable examples, how a lack of constitutional punctuality not only hinders democratic functioning of the State, but also goes against the spirit of the Constitution.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12 Free and fair elections are the lifeblood of a democracy, and electoral reforms are at the core of political reforms. In this context, highlighting the challenges to functioning of the Election Commission, suggest the necessary reforms needed, with special reference to the Chief Election Commissioner (CEC) and Other Election Commissioners ECs (Appointment, Conditions of Service and Term of Office) Bill, 2023.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13) Striking a fine balance between national security on one hand, and freedom of speech and expression on another is the key to democratic ethos. In light of this statement, write a critical note on the relevance and need for stringent laws like the National Security Act and Unlawful Activities Prevention Act (UAPA) in a vibrant democracy.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14) The overhaul of India's criminal justice system is not only a long due reform, it is also imperative for decolonizing India's penal system. Elucidate in the light of recently proposed trinity of Bhartiya Nyaya Sanhita Bill, 2023, Bharatiya Nagrik Suraksha Sanhita Bill, 2023 and Bharatiya Sakshya Bill, 2023.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 What ails institutions of Higher education? Bring out the possibilities and challenges that come with the entry and operation of foreign educational institutions seeking to impart higher education.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16 Partnership between the State and CSOs for delivering development, while promising at face value, is fraught with challenges. Discuss.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17) Critically analyse the working of the POCSO Act, 2012 in addressing the menace of child sex abuse in society in the 10 years since its enactment. How far has the National Commission for protection of child rights been successful in fulfilling its mandate?","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 Discuss the challenges that keep India multi-dimensionally poor with special reference to NITI Ayog's National Multidimensional Poverty Index Report.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 BRICS can serve as a platform for shaping a post-Western global order, but the potential of the grouping is held back by internal contradictions. Examine.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 \"WTO is dead! Long live WTO!\" In the context of this statement, account for the reasons behind why the WTO is dysfunctional. In your opinion, what reforms are needed to promote resilient, sustainable, and inclusive world trade.","15","250"]]},{"i":154,"t":"Akash Kumar","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2025,"r":101,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/AKASH-KUMARUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-101-Sample-MGP-Copy-2.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1 Reorganisation of States remains a parliamentary prerogative in India, with the Constitution assigning only a consultative role to State legislatures. Examine.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Explain the concept of residuary powers under the Indian Constitution. Why were they vested in the Parliament?","10","150"],[7,"Q.3 \"The expansive interpretation of Article 21 by the judiciary reflects its transformative role in safeguarding not just life, but also various facets of human well-being.\" Elucidate this statement with the help of relevant case laws.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) Why were the Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) made non-justiciable despite being fundamental to the governance of the country?","10","150"],[11,"Q.5 \"Structural weaknesses and implementation challenges continue to undermine the effectiveness of the Tenth Schedule of the Constitution\". Comment.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) Discuss the reasons for the limited success of Panchayati Raj Institutions in India. Also, recommend measures to strengthen the functioning of these institutions.","15","250"],[16,"Q.7) Right to freedom of speech and expression in India is both broad in interpretation and conditional in application. Discuss.","15","250"],[19,"Q.8 Critically discuss the need for the codification of parliamentary privileges in the country.","15","250"],[22,"Q.9 The Indian Constitution does not follow the doctrine of separation of powers in its strictest sense; instead, it adopts a model based on 'checks and balances'. Elucidate.","15","250"],[25,"Q.10 Discuss the role of the Vice-President as the Chairman of the Rajya Sabha. Also describe the procedure for his/her removal from office.","15","250"],[29,"When must you seek mentorship?","",""]]},{"i":155,"t":"Akash Kumar","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":2025,"r":101,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/AKASH-KUMARUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-101-Sample-MGP-Copy-3.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) The influence of ethical principles on shaping socially responsible behavior is widely acknowledged. How do ethical values facilitate individuals in cultivating a proactive and constructive attitude towards fulfilling their social responsibilities? Can the subjective nature of ethical principles lead to divergent attitudes regarding social responsibility?","10","150"],[5,"b) Write short notes on the following:\n(i) Moral equilibrium\n(ii) Emotional strength\n(iii) Ethical pluralism\n(iv) Moral courage\n(v) Ethical fading","10","150"],[7,"Q.2) a) Through their actions, interactions, and teachings, schools have the power to mold the moral compass of the next generation. In this perspective, discuss the significance of value-based education in preparing the youth to address the contemporary challenges of society.","10","150"],[9,"b) What do you understand by the term 'situation ethics'? Critically analyze its strengths and weaknesses in making moral judgements.","10","150"],[11,"Q.3) a) Maintaining traditional bonds and familial relationships in an increasingly globalized world requires personal relationships to be governed by ethical principles. Discuss.","10","150"],[13,"b) \"Why should a man be moral? Because it strengthens his will.\" - Swami Vivekanand. In this perspective, discuss the significance of morality for bringing efficiency and effectiveness in public administration. Do you think moral rigidity can be a hindrance in good governance?","10","150"],[15,"Q.4) a) Various practices and policies are implemented to uphold transparency, fairness, and accountability within administrative systems, encompassing both advantageous and disadvantageous aspects for the stakeholders involved and the overall administrative framework. Explore the ethical considerations that arise from the design and implementation of these administrative practices aiming to foster effective governance.","10","150"],[17,"b) Civil servants who embody emotional intelligence exhibit a profound understanding of the human aspect of governance, enabling them to cultivate meaningful relationships, foster cooperation, and drive positive change. Examine ways in which Emotional Intelligence can be inculcated in civil servants.","10","150"],[19,"Q.5) a) The challenges posed by the corporate sector's impact on climate, environmental sustainability, and living conditions has highlighted the need for responsible and inclusive business practices. In this direction, the contemporary discourse on corporate governance is emphasizing the interconnectedness of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors. Evaluate the ESG framework in equipping the corporate world with the capabilities to fulfill its social roles and responsibilities.","10","150"],[21,"b) Uniform Civil Code (UCC) aims to create a common set of laws governing personal matters, such as marriage, divorce, inheritance, and adoption, irrespective of individuals' religious affiliations. In the context of the ongoing discourse on UCC in India, examine the challenges that arise when attempting to reconcile legal principles with diverse moral considerations. To what extent should the law be influenced by moral/religious principles?","10","150"],[23,"Q.6 What does each of the following quotation mean to you?\na) \"When I do good, I feel good; when I do bad, I feel bad, and that is my religion\" - Abraham Lincoln.","10","150"],[25,"b) \"Real change, enduring change, happens one step at a time.\" - Ruth Bader Ginsburg.","10","150"],[27,"c) \"Happiness is that state of consciousness which proceeds from the achievement of one's values\" - Ayn Rand.","10","150"],[29,"Q.7 Jiya is a first-year student studying political science in a metropolitan city. Jiya belongs to Viddhi, a village located in the state of Satya Pradesh. Even though Jiya is very fond of her ancestral home, she has limited knowledge about the socio-cultural aspects of the region. One day, while talking to her father, Jiya expresses her desire to visit her ancestral place. Her father readily agrees, and advises Jiya to inform her paternal uncle, Suresh, who lives in Viddhi, about her travel plans. On the destined day, Jiya arrives at her village to a grand welcome organised by her uncle. Later in the day, Suresh informs Jiya that in the evening they were all to attend a marriage function in the village. At the function, while having dinner, Jiya noticed that a separate seating arrangement was being made for some people. Unlike others, these people were waiting for their meals sitting on the floor, at a substantial distance from the main dining area. This made Jiya curious. On enquiring, Alakh, a 15-year-old boy, told Jiya that the members of his communities were not allowed to sit on chairs in any public occasion in the village. Alakh also told Jiya that even though he did not like the idea of sitting down in front of his friends, his mother and father, both advised him to follow the norm. Jiya asked him as to why different treatment was meted out to some people despite belonging to the same place. Alakh informed Jiya that even though they all belonged to Viddhi, members of his communities lived in separate habitations; had separate wells; and even worshiped in separate places. He also told her that various prohibitions were put on them like they were not supposed to ride a horse as part of their wedding procession, not allowed to wear turbans, which was a common head gear for others etc. Upon returning from the function, Jiya talked to her uncle about the matter. Suresh told Jiya that it is an accepted practice in the region and it is not wise to question the age-old traditions. Next day, while going to the market with her aunt, Jiya passes by the local government school. She at once recognized Alakh in the school uniform. To her surprise, instead of studying inside with other students, he, along with some other students, was sweeping the school corridor. While Jiya was perplexed, her aunt passed it off as a routine affair and told her that it was not out of ordinary for the likes of Alakh to do such jobs. Though Jiya left for her home in a few days, the incidents in Viddhi left an indelible mark on her psyche. As a political science student, Jiya realised that such practices and traditions were a blatant violation of an individual's rights. However, what she did not understand was the reasons behind overt acceptance of such practices by the society. The things witnessed by Jiya at Viddhi are not isolated incidents, but a part of larger systematic cycle of exclusion, and marginalisation. Such incidents are commonplace in many parts of the country even today.\na) Discuss the role of various stakeholders in checking such biases and building an egalitarian order.\nb) Why do such discriminatory practices continue in the society?","20","250"],[30,"a) ऐसे पूर्वाग्रहों को रोकने और समतावादी व्यवस्था के निर्माण में विभिन्न हितधारकों की भूमिका पर चर्चा कीजिए।\nb) समाज में ऐसी भेदभावपूर्ण प्रथाएँ क्यों जारी हैं?\na) ऐसे पूर्वाग्रहों को रोकने और समतावादी व्यवस्था के निर्माण में विभिन्न हितधारकों की भूमिका पर चर्चा कीजिए।\nb) समाज में ऐसी भेदभावपूर्ण प्रथाएँ क्यों जारी हैं?","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[35,"Q.8) Pratap is a data engineer working in ABC infocom. Pratap is a sincere employee who is liked equally by his superiors, colleagues, and subordinates. One day, during the lunch hour, a few colleagues were discussing a news item. There was a rally/parade in support of the LGBTQIA+ community which was to be held on the coming Sunday. While the news item was a matter of intrigue and fun for all, Pratap was sensitive about the issue. He explained to his colleagues the importance of understanding the demands of the LGBTQIA+ for equal civil rights as enjoyed by others. Kamal, a colleague of Pratap, believed such tendencies are not in the favour of the traditional values of the society. Another employee, Sushma, said that she has heard some experts on various news channel talking about how the demands being raised by the LGBTQIA+ community are against the laws of nature. Bhanu, the sales team manager, too agreed with the majority opinion; Bhanu said that his parents believe that the inclinations of LGBTQIA+ people are a manifestation of mental illness. Pratap's reasoning in favour of equal rights for all was of no consequence to his colleagues who seemed to have a rigid attitudinal build up against the community as a whole. On the designated day when the rally was to take place, Kamal was watching the coverage of the parade live from his home. To his astonishment, he saw Pratap in the LGBTQIA+ rally. Next day at the office, when Kamal told Pratap that he saw him participating in the parade, Pratap agreed, and told Kamal that he was gay. After this incident Pratap began to see visible changes in the behaviour of not only his colleagues and subordinates but also the management of the office. While earlier all pestered Pratap to be present for various official and personal occasions, now he increasingly felt unwanted. Even his colleagues started taking their lunch separately. Pratap was earlier respected and revered by all for his sincerity and dedication. But now his professional qualities were overlooked and he became an object of amusement for all. He noticed that people started calling him by different names which he realized were a slur on his personality. Matters came to head when Pratap was overlooked for promotion. Earlier, Pratap's superiors on various occasions had told him that his good work has benefitted the organization immensely and he was due for promotion after the next appraisal. Therefore, this supersession came as a rude and disappointing shock to Pratap, and he fell into a mire of self-doubt and loathing. The conditions came to such a pass that, Pratap, who was earlier a happy go lucky, caring, and a self-aware person, started remaining depressed.\na) What are the qualities lacked by the colleagues and superiors of Pratap?\nb) What could be the possible reasons behind the negative attitude of office employees towards LGBTQIA+ community?\nc) As a friend of Pratap, what advice will you give him?","20","20"],[36,"a) प्रताप के सहकर्मियों और परिचितों में किन गुणों की कमी है? b) LGBTQIA+ समुदाय के प्रति कार्यालय कर्मचारियों के नकारात्मक रवैये के पीछे संभावित कारण क्या हो सकते हैं? c) प्रताप के मित्र होने के नाते आप उसे क्या सलाह देंगे?\na) प्रताप के सहकर्मियों और परिचितों में किन गुणों की कमी है?\nb) LGBTQIA+ समुदाय के प्रति कार्यालय कर्मचारियों के नकारात्मक रवैये के पीछे संभावित कारण क्या हो सकते हैं?\nc) प्रताप के मित्र होने के नाते आप उसे क्या सलाह देंगे?","20 अंक","250 शब्द"],[41,"Q.9 Prachinmath is a pilgrim town nestled in the laps of Himalayas. The town is part of one of the border states of the country. It serves as the base for a highly revered and well-known pilgrimage undertaken by millions of people every year. The people of Prachinmath, who are largely from a close-knit community of Pahadi tribe, have lived in the area for several generations. The Pahadi people, since many generations, have developed a lifestyle which is integral to the ecosystem of Prachinmath. The traditional knowledge of the tribe passed from one generation to other have helped the people in living with the environment in a sustainable manner. The people of Prachinmath worshipped the local deity, and believed it to be their destiny to live in the region in a peaceful and harmonious way.\nHowever, the increasing pace of unplanned development, uncontrolled religious tourism, creation of strategic infrastructure etc., in the contemporary times have fundamentally altered the minimalistic nature of relationship that the people of Prachinmath had with the local/fragile environment. Prachinmath Bachao Committee (PBC), a civil society organization of Pahadi tribals, has consistently opposed the unbridled and brazen exploitation of the resources of Prachinmath. They have through petitions, jan sabhas, nukkad nataks etc., highlighted the grave consequences of the unsustainable development model that the state and the Union governments were adopting for Prachinmath. However, their petitions had fallen on deaf ears. Moreover, the government justified the infrastructure creation in Prachinmath in order to cater to its strategic and religious significance.\nThe problems came to a head when the government decided to construct a tunnel in Prachinmath, in order to generate hydroelectricity. The PBC as well as prominent geologists of the country vehemently opposed the idea citing its negative impact upon the region. The scientific community was of the opinion that as Prachinmath sits on geological fault lines and is built on a debris of a landslide, any large-scale construction may cause irreparable damage to the environment. Nevertheless, the government went ahead with the project, constructing the tunnel in a record time, citing its necessity for the energy security of the country. Even many economists were of the opinion that increased energy capacity will help India curtail its import bill. Such steps were hailed by the government as the stepping stone of the country towards strategic autonomy.\nThe worst fears of the local and scientific communities came true when the houses in Prachinmath started showing large cracks. The reason for the crack, as found out after a detailed study, was attributed to the subsidence of land in Prachinmath. The sinking of the land, development of large cracks, collapsing of the buildings etc., caught the attention of social, electronic, and print media alike. Overnight, Prachinmath became the talk of the country. Even the international media highlighted the episode, and the existential threat that it posed to the local communities as well as the environment. The state and Union governments swung into action and formed an expert committee, comprising of scientists, bureaucrats, NDRF/SDRF personnel etc., to look into the matter. The committee advised the government to evacuate Prachinmath completely, as the sinking of the land was continuing. Working on the recommendations of the committee, government prepared a detailed resettlement and rehabilitation plan for the people of Prachinmath.\nThe Pahadi people, who squarely blamed the government for the crisis, felt cheated by the actions of the government and refused to evacuate from Prachinmath, the place of their ancestors.\na) What are the various conflicting interests in the above case study.\nb) As a DM of the district in which Prachinmath falls, how will you convince the people to evacuate from the area?\nc) What can we do to avoid such situations in the future.","20","250"],[42,"a) डगरोंक कैसे स्टडी में विभिन्न परस्पर विरोधी हित क्या हैं?\nb) जिस जिले में प्राचीनमठ पड़ता है, वहां के डीएम के रूप में आप लोगों को इलाका खाली करने के लिए कैसे मनाएंगे?\nc) भविष्य में ऐसी स्थितियों से बचने के लिए हम क्या कर सकते हैं? (20 अंक, 250 शब्द)\na) डगरोंक कैसे स्टडी में विभिन्न परस्पर विरोधी हित क्या हैं?\nb) जिस जिले में प्राचीनमठ पड़ता है, वहां के डीएम के रूप में आप लोगों को इलाका खाली करने के लिए कैसे मनाएंगे?\nc) भविष्य में ऐसी स्थितियों से बचने के लिए हम क्या कर सकते हैं?","20 अंक","250 शब्द"],[47,"Q.10 Vihar is a state in the Northern part of the country. Prohibition laws in the state completely ban the storage, possession, sale, and consumption of liquor in any form. Despite the ban, the liquor mafia in the state has succeeded in supplying spurious liquor through various illegal dens. The activities of liquor mafia flourish under the nose of both the civil administration and the police department. Many Civil Society Organizations, women organizations etc., on numerous occasions complained to the authorities about the illegal production, sale, and consumption of liquor, but their complaints have fallen on deaf ears, and no substantial action was taken by the government to curb the menace.\nAs fate would have it, one day there was an unfortunate incident when a large group of fifty construction labourers died after consuming spurious liquor from an illegal den being operated by the mafia. Many of the victims were sole bread winners of their families. While the state was clear on its position that consuming liquor in the state was an illegal activity that warrants no sympathy or compensation (for the next of kin) from the government, families of the victims and also many CSOs were demanding compensation for the families of the deceased construction laborers.\nThe incident got both national and international coverage in print, electronic, as well as the social media. The pressure on the state government was mounting to amicably resolve the issue.\nAnjali is posted as the Joint Secretary in the Secretariat. The CM has asked her to create a detailed report on how should the state government handle this crisis.\na) Under the given circumstances, what measures should Anjali recommend to handle the above crisis.\nb) Critically evaluate the decision of state government to not compensate the victims of spurious liquor.","20","250"],[52,"Q.11) Kamlesh is a civil servant who has been recently posted as Additional Chief Secretary in the education department of the state. Kamlesh has a meticulous service record and is well known for his honesty, and a no-nonsense attitude. After joining the new department, the first major task before Kamlesh was to conduct the recruitments for the post of lecturers in government schools. The posts were lying vacant for a long time, and the government wanted to fill up the vacancies without further delay as it was one of the poll promises made by the present government. The recruitment process took place successfully under the supervision of Kamlesh. The concerned minister congratulated Kamlesh and informed him that the appointment letters will be allocated to the successful candidates in a ceremony which will be presided by the CM himself. Kamlesh was happy that his work was getting recognition at the highest level. One day, Kamlesh was sitting in his office when his secretary brought him a letter from a leading investigative journalist of the state. The letter dealt with the recently conducted recruitment of the lecturers. Kamlesh was shocked at the content of the letter. The investigative journalist had alleged that the question paper of the exam was leaked to a few successful candidates, who had also forged their documents to appear in the exam. The letter also highlighted a nexus of middlemen, politicians, and civil servants who facilitate such illicit practices. Moreover, the investigative journalist had also attached credible proofs. Kamlesh corroborated the facts of the letters from his own sources and found the allegations to be true prima facie. Since the matter was serious and warranted immediate action, Kamlesh brought the matter to the notice of his minister. To his surprise, the minister asked him to sit over the matter for some time. Minister reasoned that bringing out this matter will bring ignominy not only to the department but also to the government. Further, the minister reasoned that cancelling the whole recruitment process will be detrimental for the education department, schools etc; also, the sincere and honest candidates who have invested a lot of time and money for preparation may also get affected negatively. He also reminded Kamlesh that the participation of the CM has already been announced. After leaving the minister's office, Kamlesh got a phone call from Minister's Personal Secretary (PS). The PS hinted to Kamlesh that the concerned candidates were closely connected to the ruling political party, and going against them may create professional troubles for Kamlesh. On the other hand, his cooperation in this matter, the PS assured, will not go unnoticed and will be handsomely rewarded. Kamlesh had just settled in his new posting. He knows that going against the wish of the Minister may cause him his present posting. What was more, Kamlesh's father is undergoing treatment in a local hospital. A shunting out from the district would mean that his father would have to be left alone to fend for himself. Further, Kamlesh's wife Priya, also a bureaucrat, is posted in the Chief Minister's Office (CMO). Kamlesh realises that his actions will also have a bearing on her career as well.\na) Bring out various ethical dilemmas faced by Kamlesh.\nb) Consider yourself in Kamlesh's position. What are the various options available to you?\nc) Critically evaluate each of the option listed by you.\nd) Which of the above option should Kamlesh adopt and why?","20","20"],[53,"a) कमलेश द्वारा सामना की गई विभिन्न नैतिक दुविधाओं को उजागर करें।\nb) अपने आप को कमलेश की स्थिति में समझें। आपके लिए विभिन्न विकल्प क्या उपलब्ध हैं?\nc) आपके द्वारा सूचित प्रत्येक विकल्प का आलोचनात्मक मूल्यांकन करें।\nd) कमलेश को उपरोक्त में से कौन सा विकल्प अपनाना चाहिए और क्यों?\na) कमलेश द्वारा सामना की गई विभिन्न नैतिक दुविधाओं को उजागर करें।\nb) अपने आप को कमलेश की स्थिति में समझें। आपके लिए विभिन्न विकल्प क्या उपलब्ध हैं?\nc) आपके द्वारा सूचित प्रत्येक विकल्प का आलोचनात्मक मूल्यांकन करें।\nd) कमलेश को उपरोक्त में से कौन सा विकल्प अपनाना चाहिए और क्यों?","20 अंक","250 शब्द"],[58,"Q.12) XYZ is a premiere coaching institute located in Chatterjee Nagar locality of Himnagar. XYZ specialises in the coaching for medical and engineering entrance examination. The main office of the coaching, where the daily classes are conducted, is located in a congested locality, from where several other coaching institutes also operate.\nOne day, while classes were in session in the top floor of the building and some 200 odd students were in attendance, a fire broke out in the premises of XYZ coaching. The fire incident created a commotion among those present in the building. Everyone, in a state of confusion, started running helter-skelter. Some students rushed to the very narrow stairs. Many stumbled and fell, hurting themselves. The emergency exit plan of the building was not suitable to cater to the large number of students and staff. In order to save themselves from asphyxiation, some students broke the window of the classroom. However, in absence of a fire stairs they had to climb down using the balcony ledge. In the process, many students had a free fall and hurt themselves badly. While two boys lost their life due to stampede caused while exiting the building, one girl got fatally injured while climbing down the ledge. The civil administration immediately started an audit of the building. Joseph is posted as the Municipal Commissioner of Himnagar. Chatarjee Nagar falls under his jurisdiction. Joseph has ordered an enquiry into the whole incident. Coincidentally, Joseph's younger brother, Frank, is also a student of XYZ coaching. He was not present in the coaching during the fateful day. The owner of the XYZ coaching approaches Joseph and requests him to be lenient in the enquiry report. They propose that looking at the good track record of Frank they are willing to give him a scholarship to fund not only his coaching fees but also his graduation from any college in the country. They also promise that since Frank is a sincere student, they will dedicate their top faculty to ensure that Frank comes out with flying colours in the coming under graduate entrance examination. Joseph knows that his brother has repeatedly failed in the entrance examinations earlier and a special focus will help him immensely. Also, Joseph himself was under student debt, which he was still paying in small instalments from his own salary. Recently married, and having risen from a poor family, Joseph has always worried about funding his brother's education.\na) Identify various ethical concerns in the case study.\nb) You are a friend of Joseph. Joseph turns to you for advice. What advice will you give to Joseph and why?","20","20"],[59,"a) मामले के अध्ययन में विभिन्न नैतिक चिंताओं की पहचान करें।\nb) आप जोसेफ के मित्र हैं। जोसेफ सलाह के लिए आपके पास आता है। आप जोसेफ को क्या सलाह देंगे और क्यों?\na) मामले के अध्ययन में विभिन्न नैतिक चिंताओं की पहचान करें।\nb) आप जोसेफ के मित्र हैं। जोसेफ सलाह के लिए आपके पास आता है। आप जोसेफ को क्या सलाह देंगे और क्यों?","","20 अंक"]]},{"i":156,"t":"Akshat Bakliwal","c":"Forumias","p":"Essay","y":2025,"r":219,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/AKSHAT-BAKLIWALAUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-219-Sample-ESSAY-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"1. We cannot solve our problems with the same thinking we used when we created them.\n2. The civilisation that doesn't adopt modern technologies becomes extinct.\n3. Data without wisdom and innovation without ethics are dangerous tools.\n4. The doubter is a true man of science.","",""],[16,"1. The empires of the future will be the empires of the mind.","",""]]},{"i":157,"t":"Akshat Bakliwal","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2025,"r":219,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/AKSHAT-BAKLIWALAUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-219-Sample-MGP-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) \"Extraordinary powers must be exercised with extraordinary care.\" Discuss in the context of Article 142 of the Indian Constitution.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Why are State Legislative Assemblies involved in the election of the President but excluded from the process of impeachment?","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) Private Member's Bills (PMBs) seldom become law in India, yet they are an important aspect of parliamentary democracy. Bring out their significance and suggest steps to strengthen the PMB process.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) Highlight the key points of convergence and divergence between the judicial systems of India and USA.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) The role of Election Commission of India has evolved beyond conducting elections to becoming a guardian of electoral democracy. Critically evaluate.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) What is the rationale behind the 'three-language formula' in India's education policy? Also highlight the challenges associated with its adoption and implementation across the country.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) 'Emerging environmental concerns and evolving ecosystem perspectives demand a reimagined approach to rural water governance.' Discuss the key interventions needed to recalibrate rural water policies with special emphasis on the role of communities.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) Identify and discuss the challenges hindering effective implementation of gender-sensitive policies and schemes in the country.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9 Effective transboundary water management can act as a catalyst for regional peace and cooperation. In light of this statement, bring out the opportunities and challenges for India in leveraging 'water diplomacy' in its neighbourhood.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10) What are the key areas of reform if the World Trade Organization (WTO) has to remain relevant in the present context of rising protectionism and trade wars?","10","150"],[23,"Q.11) The basic structure doctrine acts as a constitutional compass in balancing Parliament's legislative authority and constitutional supremacy. Comment.","15","250"],[24,"How Basic Structure balances Constitutional Supremacy and Parliament's Legislative Authority?","",""],[26,"Q.12 Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) are pivotal to inclusive and efficient urban governance, yet they remain fiscally constrained and institutionally weak. Analyze.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 \"The judiciary has functioned as an institutional corrective, redefining and refining the contours of the Governor's office to prevent its misuse and uphold constitutional principles.\" Discuss this statement with the help of relevant case laws.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 How is the 'vertical' and 'horizontal' devolution of taxes to the states decided? Highlighting the concerns raised by some states regarding the devolution of taxes, suggest corrective measures.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 What steps are required for the constitutionalization of a Commission? Do you think granting constitutional status to the Central Information Commission (CIC) would strengthen the RTI regime in India? Give reasons.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16 Even as India experiences consistent economic growth and has achieved self-sufficiency in food production, hunger and food insecurity remain pressing concerns. Examine the factors responsible for this paradox and suggest steps to improve the situation.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 The Union Government has recently announced that caste enumeration will be part of the upcoming census. Examine the opportunities and challenges associated with conducting a nationwide 'caste census'. Also, propose a framework for its seamless and effective conduct.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18) \"AI integration in governance is no longer a choice but a necessity.\" In light of this statement, discuss how AI can enhance education and healthcare governance","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 Providing a brief overview of the aims and objectives of BIMSTEC, explain its significance for India.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 India's approach to its relationship with China has evolved into what can be best described as 'competitive coexistence'. Discuss in light of recent developments. What should be the broad contours of India's future China policy?","15","250"],[54,"When must you seek mentorship?","",""]]},{"i":158,"t":"Akshat Bakliwal","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2025,"r":219,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/AKSHAT-BAKLIWALAUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-219-Sample-MGP-Copy-2.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1 \"India's democratic roots are deeply embedded in its ancient civilizational ethos.\" Discuss in the context of India being referred to as the 'Mother of Democracy'.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2 Elucidate the significance of tiger and elephant figures in Indian mythology, art and architecture.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3 The arrival of Lord William Bentinck marked a period of transformation in the British Indian State. Discuss.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4 Explain how the American War of Independence deprived Great Britain of one empire, but it strengthened the foundations of another.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5 What are Rare Earth Elements (REEs)? Discuss the multi-dimensional implications of uneven distribution of REEs in the world.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6 Highlight the salient differences between the Himalayan and the Peninsular drainage Systems.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) Describe the nature and mode of origin of the main types of rock at the earth's crust.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8 The alienation of modern lifestyles from nature has contributed to the ongoing environmental crisis in India. Examine.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9 What do you understand by the term 'urbanisation of poverty'? Also, explain how urban poverty differs from rural poverty in India?","10","150"],[21,"Q.10 Globalization has redefined the idea of community and kinship in Indian society. Do you agree? Justify your answer.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11 The flourishing of various art forms during the Kushana period reflects the rich and diverse cultural landscape of the time. What insights does this provide into the socio-cultural aspects of that era?","15","250"],[26,"Q.12 Trace the events that led to the Civil Disobedience Movement. What were its outcomes?","15","250"],[29,"Q.13) Mahatma Jyotirao Phule's reformist ideas played a significant role in shaping the social foundations of the Indian freedom movement. Elaborate.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 The interlinking of rivers offers several benefits, but also raises significant socio-economic and environmental concerns. Analyze.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 Explain the concept of rain shadow effect. How does it influence the distribution of precipitation and vegetation across mountain ranges?","15","250"],[38,"Q.16 Bring out the major features of the Indian monsoon and elaborate upon its causative factors.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 What are the geographical factors responsible for the growth of mangrove vegetation in India? Also highlight its role in coastal ecology.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 To what extent can the rise of 'Kidfluencers' be seen as a reflection of changing family structures and parental aspirations in Indian society?","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 Women often form the backbone of grassroots movements in India, yet they remain largely invisible and excluded from the decision-making process. Examine.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 Do you agree with the view that social media is a 'double edged sword'? Discuss in the context of its impact on Indian society.","15","250"]]},{"i":159,"t":"Akshat Bakliwal","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2025,"r":219,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/AKSHAT-BAKLIWALAUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-219-Sample-MGP-Copy-3.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) Rising influence of money power in Indian elections poses a serious challenge to transparency, fairness, and democratic accountability. How can ethical electoral funding be ensured to maintain the integrity of democracy?","10","150"],[5,"b) Explain the key dimensions of ethics that influence human behaviour. How do these dimensions shape ethical decision-making in private life?","10","150"],[7,"Q.2) a) \"Academic freedom is the bedrock of scholarly inquiry and intellectual progress.\" Examine the ethical issues that arise when educational institutions yield to political, social, or economic pressures and compromises academic freedom.","10","150"],[9,"b) Fortitude enables a civil servant to make difficult yet morally right decisions. Explain with reference to real-life examples.","10","150"],[11,"Q.3) Given below are the three quotations of great thinkers. What do each of these quotations convey to you in the present context?\na) \"When learning is purposeful, creativity blossoms. When creativity blossoms, thinking emanates. When thinking emanates, knowledge is fully lit. When knowledge is lit, the economy flourishes.\" - Abdul Kalam.","10","150"],[13,"b) \"The difference between what we do and what we are capable of doing would suffice to solve most of the world's problems.\" - Mahatma Gandhi","10","150"],[15,"c) \"Love and compassion are necessities, not luxuries. Without them, humanity cannot survive.\" - Dalai Lama","10","150"],[17,"Q.4) a) What do you understand by the term 'probity in governance'? Explain how probity acts as the foundation of ethical public administration.","10","150"],[19,"b) \"Starvation must not be used as a weapon of war.\" Yet, parties involved in conflicts often resort to the blockade of food and medical aid to civilians in conflict zones, deepening the humanitarian crisis. Powerful nations, despite their capacity to intervene, tend to prioritise strategic interests over humanitarian concerns. What ethical considerations should guide powerful nations in preventing such actions and ensuring unimpeded humanitarian access?","10","150"],[21,"Q.5) a) What teachings of Mahavira are most relevant today and why? Discuss.","10","150"],[23,"b) \"In contemporary times, social media platforms have emerged as powerful agents in shaping individual and societal attitudes.\" Do you agree with this view? Justify your answer.","10","150"],[25,"Q.6) a) What do you understand by the 'voice of conscience'? In what ways can you prepare yourself to listen to the voice of conscience?","10","150"],[27,"b) Examine the reasons for under-utilization and mis-utilization of public funds and their implications.","10","150"],[29,"Q.7 A rail overbridge (ROB) is being planned in the capital city of a central Indian state. The project aims to reduce traffic congestion and ease delays at railway crossings, which affect thousands of daily commuters. It had been a long-standing demand of local residents, and the government approved it to address persistent traffic bottlenecks in the area. The project is to be executed by the State Public Works Department (PWD), with a strict completion deadline of one year i.e. 31st July 2026. The PWD Minister, who is also the local MLA, is scheduled to inaugurate the project in the third week of August 2026. This is planned to take place shortly before the expected announcement of state elections. Ramesh has been selected as the project manager of this prestigious assignment on the basis of his professional competence and experience.\n\nWhile reviewing the approved design plans in preparation for execution, Ramesh identifies a serious flaw. The proposed alignment includes a sharp 90-degree turn, incorporated due to spatial constraints between an electrified railway line on one side and ongoing metro construction on the other. From a technical standpoint, Ramesh believes the design is unsafe. It increases the risk of vehicular accidents, especially for heavy vehicles, and may lead to long-term inconvenience for road users.\n\nRamesh promptly raises the issue with the Chief Engineer. However, the Chief Engineer overrules the concern. He states that the General Arrangement Drawing (GAD) has already been approved by the Bridge Engineering Department, in coordination with Indian Railways. He points out that revisiting the design at this stage shall result in project delays, increased expenditure, and unwanted political attention.\n\nSubsequently, Ramesh comes to know that the contractor awarded the tender to execute the project is a close relative of the PWD Minister. He also receives unofficial communication suggesting that his promotion to Additional Chief Engineer is under active consideration, but could be jeopardised if he creates \"unnecessary hurdles\" in the project's timely completion.\n\nThe incumbent state government is eager to complete the overbridge before the elections and present it as a major developmental achievement. This adds to the pressure on Ramesh to expedite project execution without raising further objections. Nonetheless, he remains convinced that the current design is flawed and could have grave implications for public safety if left unaddressed.\n\nMeanwhile, the bridge design has also attracted widespread public attention after being published in a leading local newspaper. Images of the sharp 90-degree turn went viral on social media, drawing criticism and ridicule. Several engineering experts have publicly flagged the alignment as a potential safety hazard, reinforcing Ramesh's concerns.\na) Under the given conditions, what are the options available to Ramesh as a project manager?\nb) What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by Ramesh?\nc) What are the professional challenges likely to be faced by Ramesh and his response to overcome such challenges?","20","20"],[30,"a) दी गई परिस्थितियों में, एक परियोजना प्रबंधक के रूप में रमेश के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\nb) रमेश को किन नैतिक दुविधाओं का सामना करना पड़ रहा है?\nc) रमेश को किन व्यावसायिक चुनौतियों का सामना करना पड़ सकता है तथा ऐसी चुनौतियों पर नियंत्रण पाने के लिए उसकी क्या प्रतिक्रिया होनी चाहिए?","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[34,"Q.8) Srushti is a young and dynamic IPS officer, posted as Assistant Superintendent of Police (ASP) in a communally sensitive district. Her husband, Arjun, is an IAS officer and posted as Sub-Divisional Magistrate (SDM) in the same district. Both are honest, sincere and deeply committed to their work. They have a daughter who is just four months old, and is looked after by a domestic helper. Srushti resumed duty just two weeks ago after six months of maternity leave.\n\nAt 9 PM on Saturday night, Srushti is in her office reviewing the security arrangements with her team for an upcoming local festival. The situation in the area has been tense throughout the week due to a flare-up between two communities over a petty issue. Around 9:30 PM, she gets a call from the Superintendent of Police. He asks her to prepare a detailed law and order brief for a high-level meeting the next morning.\n\nSrushti reaches home at 10 PM, feeling exhausted. She has not been getting proper sleep during the week due to frequent night patrolling. Arjun also returns around the same time after a long day in the field. Their daughter has been unwell and cried through most of the previous night. Arjun expresses concern about Srushti's heavy workload and the baby's condition. He tells her that she can not keep pushing herself like this and that the child needs more of her attention. Srushti replies that she cannot afford to step back. She adds that people are already judging her and questioning her commitment to work for availing maternity leave. The conversation gradually turns into an argument. Arjun feels Srushti is ignoring her health and family, while Srushti feels judged and unsupported.\n\nLater that night, as Srushti sits at her desk preparing the report, she pauses and reflects on the purpose of her work. She had joined the IPS to serve the people and protect the vulnerable. But now, she wonders if she is being fair to her own child and family. Even as recently as last week, she had to cancel the family dinner as she had to attend an urgent meeting at the SP office. She also feels the weight of expectations. Male officers with children are rarely questioned. But as a new mother, she is constantly under scrutiny. Many in the department believe that women, especially new mothers, are not suitable for field duty.\n\nSrushti starts thinking about her options. She knows that whatever decision she makes will not only impact her own future but also influence the expectations placed on other working mothers in uniform.\na) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\nb) Evaluate the options available to Srushti in the above situation.\nc) What suggestions would you make to help officers like Srushti maintain a healthy work-life balance.","20","250"],[35,"a) उपर्युक्त मामले में नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं?\nb) उपरोक्त स्थिति में सृष्टि के लिए उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन करें।\nc) सृष्टि जैसे अधिकारियों को स्वस्थ कार्य-जीवन संतुलन बनाए रखने में मदद करने के लिए आप क्या सुझाव देंगे?\na) उपर्युक्त मामले में नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं?\nb) उपर्युक्त स्थिति में सृष्टि के लिए उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन करें।\nc) सृष्टि जैसे अधिकारियों को स्वस्थ कार्य-जीवन संतुलन बनाए रखने में मदद करने के लिए आप क्या सुझाव देंगे?","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[39,"Q.9) A reputed Indian beauty & personal care company developed a herbal skin cream for the international market, claiming anti-ageing and skin-repair properties based on traditional Ayurvedic formulations. After obtaining the necessary approvals and export certifications, the company began exporting the product. The product received widespread positive feedback for its quality and natural formulation, and soon became a huge hit in international markets. Riding on this success, the company announced that the product would soon be made available to domestic consumers, with almost the same quality and health benefits.\n\nSubsequently, it secured approval from the domestic regulatory authority and launched the product in the Indian market. Over time, the brand gained a significant share of the domestic market and earned substantial revenues both nationally and internationally.\n\nHowever, during a random sample check, officials discovered that the cream sold in India differed from the version approved by the competent authority. The product failed to meet the claimed herbal composition and purity standards. Further investigation revealed that the company had often been distributing batches that had failed export quality checks.\n\nThe incident triggered widespread public criticism and regulatory scrutiny, leading to a sharp decline in the company's reputation and financial performance.\na) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the case.\nb) What actions should the competent regulatory authority take against the personal care company for violating domestic quality standards and distributing rejected export batches in the Indian market?\nc) What course of action is available to the company to manage the crisis and restore public trust and brand credibility?","20","250"],[43,"Q.10 A forest fire has broken out in a hilly district and is rapidly spreading toward an eco-sensitive area that includes four villages (ESA villages). These villages lie along the forest fringe and are surrounded by difficult terrain. The region is known for its biodiversity and traditional forest-based livelihoods. The inhabitants of these villages are mostly poor tribal communities, dependent on forest resources for their sustenance.\nYou, as the District Magistrate of the area, have rushed to the spot with a medical team, police personnel, NGOs, media, and support staff to oversee the rescue and containment operations. Your disaster response team on the ground is small and poorly equipped. Reinforcements from the district headquarter have been requested, but they may take several hours to arrive due to the remoteness and challenging terrain.\nIn the meantime, a group of trained ex-forest guards and local youth from the villages offer to help. They are experienced and familiar with the area. However, existing government rules do not permit the engagement of unofficial personnel in fire control operations without formal clearance and insurance coverage.\nYour team members are divided on this issue. Some members argue that volunteers should be engaged immediately to prevent the fire from spreading. Others caution that involving them without proper approval and safety cover could be risky and against protocol.\nAs the District Magistrate, you are also the Chairperson of the District Disaster Management Authority (DDMA). The fire is spreading at a very rapid rate, and immediate action is required to protect lives, property, and the environment. You are now in a dilemma.\na) What are the options available to you?\nb) Critically evaluate each of the options identified by you.\nc) What option would you adopt and why?\nd) What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by you?","20","250"],[47,"Q.11) In one of the government primary schools located in a rural block of a district, the newly appointed headmistress observed an unusual practice. The school had been preparing and serving mid-day meals separately to students belonging to different communities. Although the meals were cooked using a common gas connection, separate utensils, cooking areas, and serving arrangements had been in place for more than two decades. Students from the two communities had their food cooked and served by different cooks and ate in separate classrooms, despite attending classes together.\nAfter taking charge, the headmistress decided to discontinue this practice. She directed that food be prepared and served together for all students, using a common kitchen and utensils. However, the decision triggered backlash. A considerable number of parents across communities vehemently opposed the move and stopped sending their children to school. Consequently, attendance fell by almost 60 percent. This also raised concerns regarding the possible discontinuation of the mid-day meal scheme, withdrawal of teaching staff, and even closure of the school due to falling enrolment.\nThe issue has attracted attention from various political and social groups attempting to further polarise the situation and serve their vested interests.\nMarpi Apang, the District Education Officer (DEO), has been tasked by the Deputy Commissioner's office to amicably resolve the matter at the earliest. She has also been directed to submit a detailed report along with the Action Taken Report within a fortnight.\na) Identify the ethical issues involved in this case.\nb) What course of action should Marpi adopt and why?\nc) What should be the responsibilities of different social segments and agencies to create positive social ambiance for accepting such changes?","20","250"],[52,"Q.12) You are a Municipal Commissioner of a tier-2 city experiencing rapid urban expansion. Several high-rise residential and commercial buildings are under construction in the city to meet the growing demand for housing. One such luxury residential complex is being built, employing hundreds of daily-wage labourers, many of whom live in temporary settlements at the construction site. Late one night during the monsoon season, a large section of scaffolding and concrete slabs collapses from the upper floors of one of the under-construction buildings. Seven labourers, including two minors, die on the spot. Several others are critically injured and rushed to the hospital. The tragic incident results in public outrage, intense media scrutiny, and protests by a local NGO. The state government orders a formal inquiry and directs you to submit a report within a week. Your preliminary investigation reveals a series of irregularities. The construction material used is substandard and not in accordance with the National Building Code. Although the approved plan permits construction of fifteen floors, the builder has illegally added two extra floors. Moreover, the structure has encroached on land demarcated for a community park and a fire service lane under the city's Zonal Development Plan. These violations are not reported during site inspections conducted by the building inspector of the municipal corporation. The building clearance was granted during the tenure of your predecessor, who is not only your batchmate but also a close friend. Both of you were roommates during your training at LBSNAA. Prima facie, the case appears to involve a widespread nexus between officials of the Municipal Corporation and the builder. Your colleagues are putting pressure on you to go slow in the inquiry. Some of them suggest that holding the builder accountable could damage the city's image among investors and slow down urban development. Meanwhile, you come to know that the builder is the younger brother of a powerful minister in the state cabinet. One evening, his personal aide visits you privately. He suggests that the matter could be \"mutually settled\" and offers you a premium apartment worth ₹2 crore in the same residential complex. In the same breath, he hints that if the matter is not resolved swiftly in the builder's favour, someone in his office is prepared to file a complaint against you under the SC and ST (Prevention of Atrocities) Act.\na) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the case.\nb) What are the options available to you in this situation?\nc) Explain your selected course of action.","20","20"],[57,"When must you seek mentorship?","",""]]},{"i":937,"t":"Akshat Jain","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1zUjtJ_vmDKsimpZvlm1GaMTT2Ci6gsjv/view","q":[[3,"1. (a) Explain the significance of the following in the context of civil service:\n(i) Public trust\n(ii) Objectivity\n(iii) Strength of character\n(iv) Empathy\n(v) Selflessness","10","not more than 150 words each"],[5,"1. (b) Do you think nation states owe a responsibility towards asylum seekers? What are the considerations that should, in your opinion, go into the making of a refugee policy? Provide arguments with contemporary examples.","10",""],[7,"2. (a) Why do civil servants have a special obligation to uphold ethical standards? What are the main areas of concerns for implementation of an effective ethical standard in civil services? In this context, suggest measures to remedy these concerns.","10",""],[9,"2. (b) While families are the first socializing agents, which inculcate moral values in a child, the role played by schools in this regard is also indispensable. Discuss.","10",""],[11,"3. (a) What is the significance of morality in day-to-day life? Give an example from your own life where you chose moral action and elaborate the reasons for your choice of that action.","10",""],[13,"3. (b) Analyse the ethical dimensions of using nuclear deterrence as a self-defense strategy.","10",""],[15,"4. (a) We make a living by what we do, but we make a life by what we give.\n(i) Highlight the importance of value of altruism for a society.\n(ii) Discuss the role of education in imparting such values.","10",""],[17,"4. (b) Giving examples, examine the relationship between personal and professional ethics of civil servants.","10",""],[19,"5. Given below are two quotations of moral thinkers/ philosophers. For each of these, bring out what it means to you in the present context.\n(a) If people scrutinize their own faults as they do the faults of others, mankind will be freed of all evil.","10",""],[21,"5. (b) Courage is the first of human qualities because it's the quality that guarantees the others.","10",""],[23,"6. How do law and conscience act as source of ethical guidance? Explain with examples.","10",""],[25,"7. Differentiate between the following using examples:\n(i) Wants and Needs\n(ii) Ethics and Etiquette","10",""],[27,"8. Good corporate governance is not an end in itself. It is a means to support economic efficiency, sustainable growth and financial stability. Discuss.","10",""],[29,"9. A hilly state witnessed torrential rains leading to loss of life and property. Apart from the local inhabitants there were tourists stranded in large numbers. With the supply chains broken and increased demand, it was observed that local shopkeepers started selling essential goods at very high prices. With a very restricted possibility of being evacuated in the coming few days, the stranded people feel helpless. A crumbled governance infrastructure in remote areas has multiplied the extent of their agony. Given this situation, answer the following questions.\n(a) Identify the various stakeholders in the case and give a reasoned account of their interests. Given the administrative, market and ethical perspective of viewing the situation, do you think there is a conflict in the priorities of these stakeholders?\n(b) Suggest ways to harmonize competing interests in order to resolve the issues, provide relief and prevent escalation of conflict.","20","in around 250"],[35,"10. The steady decline in sex ratio suggests that marked improvement in the economy and literacy rates do not seem to have had any impact on this index. In fact, the availability of new technology and its easy access for the urban, wealthy and educated have worsened the trend and harmed the status of women in Indian society.\n(a) Explain why the phenomenon should not be simply viewed as a medical or legal issue and more attention should be given to the ethical issues involved.\n(b) Give some suggestions to tackle the problem of declining sex ratio.\n(c) Discuss the ethical dilemma involved in Right to abortion vs. Prevention of female foeticide. How can this be resolved?","20",""],[41,"11. You are the officer-in-charge responsible for monitoring allotment of foodgrains under the Public Distribution System to BPL families in a given district. A group of BPL families in the district claim that they have been denied ration from fair price shops due to non-linking of Aadhar card with their BPL cards. They remark that the government and officers concerned are not empathising with their situation and stage a silent protest. Further, the incident is also being linked to similar instances in other areas of the country where people were denied access to PDS benefits due to similar reasons. The government receives a lot of criticism for this incident on social media networks. You are now in a conundrum, as you are aware that the BPL families need to get foodgrains on time. However, as a government officer, you also need to follow the prescribed rules. Media scrutiny has further aggravated the situation and you realize you need to tread carefully. Based on the information above, answer the following:\n(a) List the issues in the given situation that the parties involved are facing.\n(b) What step(s) will you take in the situation to ensure that the demands of the aggrieved persons are met without violating the rules?\n(c) In this context, briefly discuss how the poor in the country currently face digital exclusion and its consequence(s).","20",""],[47,"12. You are working as a senior doctor in the oncology department of a super specialty hospital located in Delhi. While accessing the quotations from reputed pharmaceutical companies to hospitals, you unearth a nexus between pharma firms and the hospital administration. You get to know that they are hand-in glove with each other and trying to fleece cancer patients by selling drugs at exorbitant prices, even though low cost alternative drugs are available in the market. Being the head of Alliance of Doctors for Ethical Healthcare, who is working against the arbitrary price regime of life saving drugs, you get a chance to represent your case before the Health Minister of your state. However, certain other doctors of the Alliance have asked you to present a distorted reality in front of the Minister since they are obtaining pecuniary benefits from such a scheme of nexus, which would cease if the nexus gets exposed.\n(a) Identify the main stakeholders and ethical issues involved.\n(b) Analyse the possible solutions for addressing the issues.\n(c) What would be your final course of action and why?","20",""],[53,"13. You are working as a Manager who handles critical projects in a private firm. You have recently been issued a notice by the Human Resource department that categorically highlights gender imbalance in your team and instructs you to recruit more females. Realizing the importance of this matter you decide to roll out vacancy requirements on an urgent basis and close it within a week. You receive several applications and start interviewing female candidates. However, you realize that the top four candidates are married and two of them are expecting their child. During the interviews the candidates commit on their priority for the project, till it finishes and show willingness to work from home, afterwards. What is the course of action that you will take? Explain the factors that you will take into account and justify the merits of the course of action.","20",""],[59,"14. Mr. A is a senior most member of a highly reputed company with considerable customer interface. In recent months, the business of the company has been going down. On detailed analysis, it was found that some of the functionaries of the company have impulsive nature, which has many a times led to altercations with the customers and even among themselves. This has adversely affected the work culture and sullied the image of the company in the market. He seeks your advice, as you are his friend as well as a person who understands management.\n(a) What are the factors that you would consider in making your advice?\n(b) What steps will you suggest to deal with the situation that the company faces?","20",""]]},{"i":938,"t":"Akshat Jain","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1yigT7rrSg-mZpD4bChOlfcnHHooac-SK/view","q":[[3,"1. (a) Self doubt can both help and hinder leadership. Discuss with examples.","10","not more than 150"],[5,"1. (b) Bring out the significance of probity in public life. What are the requisites for ensuring probity in governance? Pointing out the key concerns in India in this context, suggest certain remedial measures.","10",""],[7,"2. (a) While the corrupt and dishonest should be punished swiftly, honest public servants need to be protected against malicious and motivated complaints to enhance efficiency and effectiveness of an organisation. Discuss. How can the two objectives be reconciled?","10",""],[9,"2. (b) The effective implementation of the Right to Information Act will create an environment of vigilance which will help in functioning of a more participatory democracy. Elaborate.","10",""],[11,"3. (a) The bureaucracy technically has been an efficient form of organisation but is seen to have exceeded its administrative powers due to its tendency towards self aggrandisement, permanence in employment, and nearness to the political executive. Discuss.","10",""],[13,"3. (b) Social media has played a key role in influencing political opinions and social attitudes in India. Comment.","10",""],[15,"4. (a) \"Nonviolence is not servile passivity but a powerful moral force which makes for social transformation\". Comment.","10",""],[17,"4. (b) It is at the interface of public action and private interest that the need arises for establishing not just a code of ethics but a code of conduct. In this context, highlight the need for drafting a code of ethics as well as a code of conduct.","10",""],[19,"5. (a) Income inequality is a matter of grave concern for the Indian society. In this context, examine the relevance of Gandhiji's concepts of 'Sarvodaya' and 'Trusteeship'.","10",""],[21,"5. (b) It does not take long for conflict to turn violent when deep seeded prejudices and discriminatory attitudes are not addressed. Discuss in the context of communal and caste-based violence in India. What role should the state play in this context?","10",""],[23,"6. Explain with examples how emotional intelligence increases the effectiveness of leadership skills in a civil servant.","10",""],[25,"7. A Citizens' Charter sees public services through the eyes of those who use them. In this context, analyze the importance of citizen charter in making public services citizen centric.","10",""],[27,"8. Given the effects that cultural attitudes about menstruation have on women, there is need to follow a strategic approach in combating these. Discuss.","10",""],[29,"9. As the District Magistrate you are posted in a district that had been infamous for girl-child marriages. The government introduced a contributory scheme two decades ago, where the government contributed the same amount as the parents, into an account, for their girl child of age 0 to 7 years. The total sum could be withdrawn only when the girl turns eighteen and is unmarried. Due to this scheme, a new pattern has emerged. All girls are married as soon as they turn eighteen and incidents of dowry have increased substantially – because the community customs require paying the sum commensurate to the age of the girl. Further, parents now tend to save money for the scheme instead of investing in girl’s education. As the local administration tries to tackle the current situation it looks up to you for ideas and leadership:\n(a) Identify the factors which have led to such outcomes.\n(b) Devise a strategy, keeping in mind the multiple aspects of the situation.","20","around 250"],[34,"10. While on the one hand, some state governments have implemented alcohol consumption prohibition laws, it is permitted in other states. Debates around this issue often involves aspects such as individual rights, cultural attitudes and social welfare. As a teacher you need to explain the key issues involved to a young audience. What are these? How would you conclude the lecture?","20",""],[39,"11. As a concerned citizen you have been engaged with the issue of persons employed in manual scavenging. You notice that despite laws and strictures from the highest court of the land the practice of employing human labour to clean sewers continues. While the administration has to ensure the cleanliness of the urban localities, those who are employed also have to earn to sustain themselves and their families. The death of few workers recently due to asphyxiation while cleaning a septic tank has caused much consternation in your locality. You would like to engage with the situation by writing to the administration, for which you need to find an answer to the following:\n(a) Identify the stakeholders involved and state their conflicting interests.\n(b) What challenges does the administration face in curbing this social evil?\n(c) Enumerate the steps to deal with the problem.","20",""],[44,"12. You are a teacher in the Science department of a reputed college. Your HoD (Head of Department) has been a good mentor to you and has guided your career progress. You get to know from one of your students that the HoD gives private tuitions at his residence, which is disliked by many others in the department. There are also rumours that he might be giving extra marks to the students taking his tuitions. When enquired, his reply is that he is not alone and a few other teachers are giving private tuitions as well. He assures you that it is beneficial for the students as some of them need extra attention. He advises you not to make a fuss about it and indirectly reminds you about the assessment rating, which is due this week. You are aware that a good rating will definitely get you the due promotion. The HoD is due to retire in 4 months.\n(a) What are the dilemmas that you face in this situation?\n(b) Highlight the course of action that you would adopt and give reasons for the same.","20",""],[49,"13. While stampedes and mishaps due to overcrowding have led to loss of lives on multiple occasions, it remains an issue discussed only when there is a tragedy. Recently you were assigned the responsibility of conducting a mela around a revered religious place, which attracts millions of devotees. Every year the numbers have been increasing and this year due to certain celestial alignments the crowd is expected to be unprecedented. In the previous year the officer in charge was criticised and transferred over allegations of hurting religious sensitivities by restricting access to the religious place. You have three months to prepare for the mela.\n(a) Identify the key areas you would focus on?\n(b) What are the challenges that you foresee?\n(c) How do you propose to overcome them?","20",""],[54,"14. You are a senior official at a government agency that is responsible for collection, storage and protection of biometric data of citizens. Due to the expanse of operations, the agency employs third parties for collection of data. There have been reports of security breach and leakage of data by third parties in exchange of money. A journalist from a prominent newspaper carries a sting operation and releases some data in the public to show the ongoing corruption and highlighting the inability of the agency in protecting public data. You are asked by the chairperson of the agency to file an FIR against the journalist and pursue criminal proceedings against him considering it an act of unauthorized access.\n(a) Do you agree with the action sought by the chairperson against the journalist? Give appropriate reasons for your answer.\n(b) If you disagree, what would be your course of action?\n(c) Do you think the action of the journalist is justified?","20",""]]},{"i":162,"t":"Akshit Bhardwaj","c":"Vision","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/2e9f1-45866015_2714_akshit_bhardwaj_rank_12.pdf","q":[[3,"Delegated legislation is a pragmatic response to the limitations of the legislature but poses challenges to the separation of powers in India. Examine.","10","150"],[5,"How does the federal structure of India differ from that of the United States? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[7,"The Chief Election Commissioner and Other Election Commissioners Act, 2023 has sparked concerns about the erosion of the Election Commission's autonomy. Critically examine.","10","150"],[9,"Discuss the key objectives of the e-Courts Project. How does it contribute to enhancing access to justice and improving judicial efficiency in India? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[11,"Discuss the role of digital platforms in empowering SHGs and enhancing their market linkage and credit access. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[13,"Analyze the potential of the Institutions of Eminence (IoE) scheme in elevating India's higher education to global standards. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[15,"While income poverty has declined, nutritional poverty persists in India. How can the present food security interventions of the government be restructured to address this concern holistically? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[17,"Discuss the significance of the SMILE scheme in addressing the vulnerabilities of transgender persons and beggars in India. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[19,"Whoever controls the oceans, runs the world. In this context, discuss the shift in India's maritime strategy from SAGAR to MAHASAGAR. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[21,"10 Evaluate the role of the India-UK FTA in facilitating greater market access and professional mobility. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[23,"Examine the role of inter-governmental institutions in facilitating cooperative dialogue and resolving critical governance challenges in India. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[25,"Challenges faced by Intergovernmental Institutions","",""],[26,"Q12. Despite being an important instrument of legislative initiative, Private Member's Bills rarely become laws in India. Examine the factors responsible for this trend. Also, suggest measures to strengthen the role of Private Members in the legislative process.","","250"],[29,"3. Discuss the major challenges in effective devolution of funds, functions, and functionaries to the Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) in India.","15","250"],[30,"5. Delays in appropriation of grants made by 15th Finance Commission (4.3 Lakh Crore Rupees)","",""],[32,"Q14 Lok Adalats and Alternate Dispute Resolution mechanisms have improved access to justice but face limitations in delivering substantive justice. Discuss.","15","250"],[35,"Critically evaluate the Smart Cities Mission in achieving sustainable urban development and enhancing quality of life in India.","15","250"],[38,"Q16. Assess the effectiveness of the Right to Information Act, 2005 in ensuring transparency and accountability in governance in the last two decades.","15","250"],[41,"7. Despite progress in healthcare infrastructure and policy reforms, India continues to face critical challenges in the primary healthcare sector. Discuss. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[44,"Q18. What are the key objectives of the Pradhan Mantri Van Dhan Yojana (PMVDY)? How does the scheme contribute to the economic empowerment of tribal communities in India? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[47,"119 India-Bangladesh relations, once marked by shared history and cultural proximity, are now shaped by strategic calculus, regional competition, and shifting domestic politics in both countries. Discuss.","15","250"],[50,"Q20. Critically examine the effectiveness of the UNSC in addressing contemporary crises related to international peace and security. What reforms are necessary to enhance its credibility and responsiveness?","15","250"]]},{"i":163,"t":"Akshit Bhardwaj","c":"Vision","p":"GS3","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/c95f3-45866015_2715_akshit_bhardwaj_rank_12.pdf","q":[[3,"How can food processing units based on regional agricultural specializations facilitate grassroots-level transformation? Discuss with suitable examples from different regions of India.","10","150"],[5,"Discuss how digitization has emerged as the primary driver of inclusive growth in India. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[7,"How does the Digital Agriculture Mission leverage technology to transform the lives of farmers in India? Substantiate your answer with relevant examples.","10","150"],[8,"4. Use of satellite technology for crop & yield estimation eg CROPC, YES-TECH\n5. Use of Blockchain for storage of data eg Vishwarya\n6. Cadastral Mapping for geo-reffered village maps eg DSLRMP\n7. Use of e-Tech solutions to boost productivity eg Krishi decision support system","",""],[9,"Setting up new industrial infrastructure for renewable energy in India is a daunting task. How does the government plan to encourage private sector participation in this emerging sector? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[11,"What are the key macroeconomic consequences of rising global crude oil prices for India? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[13,"E-waste management is not just a corporate responsibility, but it starts at home. Delineate the responsibilities of different stakeholders in this regard.","10","150"],[15,"How can emerging technologies be leveraged to strengthen drought mitigation efforts in India? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[17,"Briefly explain the 'Hoyle-Narlikar Theory of Gravity' developed by Prof. Jayant Narlikar and Sir Fred Hoyle. How did it impact the contemporary discourse on the origin and fate of the universe? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[19,"How does the spread of fake news pose a threat to national security? Discuss the measures to counter this challenge. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[20,"4. Can impact international image and Soft Power\n1. MHA's Cyber volunteers to tackle fake news\n2. Chakshu Facility on Sunchar Sathi portal to report fake news\n3. Employment of AI/ML techniques for deepfake detection\n4. Cooperation with social media platforms to takedown fake news\n5. Identifying fake news as a part of intelligence activities","",""],[21,"Explain how India faces numerous challenges in combating Transnational Organized Crime (TOC). Comment on the measures being taken to counter this threat.","10","150"],[23,"Examine the significance of pulses in ensuring dietary diversity, soil health, and sustainable agriculture. What challenges do farmers face in terms of production and marketing of these crops? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[26,"12. What are the safety challenges faced by the aviation sector in India? In this context, discuss the key provisions of The Bharatiya Vayuyan Adhiniyam, 2024.","15","Answer in 250"],[29,"What are the causes for sharp depreciation in the value of rupee in the last few years? Discuss the merits and demerits of rupee depreciation on the Indian economy. Highlight the tools used by the RBI to manage currency volatility.","15","250"],[32,"14. Examine the role of digitization of land records under the Digital India Land Records Modernization Programme (DILRMP) in improving land governance in India. What are the key challenges in its implementation?","","Answer in 250"],[35,"In the context of Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) agreement under the Nagoya Protocol to the Convention on Biological Diversity, what is Digital Sequence Information (DSI)? How does DSI complicate the traditional method of managing ABS? In this light, delineate the provisions of the new Biological Diversity (Access and Benefit Sharing) Regulation 2025.","15","250"],[38,"16. Urban fires are becoming difficult to control due to growing temperatures, failing infrastructure, and poor planning. Discuss the causes of this disaster. Mention the features of two such major fires in the last two decades in India. Describe the policies and frameworks in India that aim at tackling such fires.","15","250"],[41,"Uncrewed missions now accomplish most objectives at far lower cost and risk. In this backdrop, examine the rationale for continuing crewed spaceflight. Also assess how India's participation in the Axiom-4 mission could influence the development of the proposed Bharatiya Antariksh Station (BAS). (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[42,"4 India's participation in Axiom-1 in influencing BAS\n1. Spaceflight experience for Indian astronaut Captain Shukla\n2. Microgravity experiment conducted by ISRO to aid planning for BAS\n3. Training and Exposure at NASA & Yuri Gagarin space centre to aid in ISRO's spaceflight mission","",""],[44,"18. What is the low-Earth-orbit (LEO) constellation technology being employed for next-generation satellite internet services? Explain its working principle, enumerate its advantages over geostationary systems, and mention the major limitations it still faces.","15","250"],[47,"10. What is the role of the Multi-Agency Centre (MAC) and NATGRID in intelligence sharing? Assess their effectiveness in tackling real-time threats and propose measures to enhance both data security and inter-agency responsiveness.","15","250"],[50,"20. The convergence of peer-to-peer cryptocurrencies with traditional hawala has created an opaque transnational value-transfer network. Examine how this crypto-hawala nexus operates and why it poses challenges for India's anti-money-laundering and counter-terrorist-financing regime. Also, discuss the steps taken so far.","15","Answer in 250"],[51,"3. Challenges for India's Anti-Money Laundering & Counter-Terror Finance Regime\n1. No mention of Crypto or Virtual Assets in PMLA act\n2. Less traceability of money at placement stage due to crypto\n3. Use of ring signatures and 2k-snarks further increases opacity of transactions\n4. Anonymity of crypto-networks prevents identification","",""]]},{"i":160,"t":"Akshit Bhardwaj","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/0880c-45866015_2716_akshit_bhardwaj_rank_12.pdf","q":[[3,"The consequences of ethical actions are shaped by the intent behind them, but good intentions may lead to unintended harm. Examine this statement with suitable examples. Is it correct to decide rightness or wrongness of an act by looking at the intention of the person who carries it out? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[5,"The persistence of dowry in Indian society reflects deeper issues of lack of sensitivity as well as institutional apathy. Discuss how ethical transformation is more important than mere legal enforcement in such cases.","10","150"],[7,"Probity in governance is not just about laws, but about ethical leadership. Discuss this statement in the context of challenges faced by public officials in high-stakes situations. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[9,"Ethical governance is not merely about avoiding wrongdoing, it is about proactively fostering an environment where ethical conduct is the norm. Discuss.","10","150"],[11,"Given below are three quotations of great thinkers. What do each of these quotations convey to you in the present context?","10","Answer in 150"],[13,"\"Man is the master weaver both of the inner garment of character and the outer garment of circumstance.\" - James Allen (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[15,"\"The virtuous man is he who chooses the mean between excess and deficiency.\" - Aristotle (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[17,"In an age of hyper-digital activity and constant online presence, discuss the need for developing Digital Emotional Intelligence (DEI) among individuals, especially public servants. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[19,"In the context of climate change, how can value-based persuasion be more effective than rule-based enforcement in changing public behaviour? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[21,"A company is only as ethical as the decisions it makes when it's under pressure. In light of this statement, discuss the ethical dilemmas faced by organizations during economic downturns. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[23,"Discuss the ethical implications of war-induced displacement of refugees. How should countries balance national interest with their moral responsibility towards refugees? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[25,"What teachings of Vardhaman Mahavira are most relevant today and why? Discuss. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[27,"Dedication to public service forms one of the foundational values for a civil servant. Discuss how it goes beyond professional duty. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[29,"13 In the following questions, carefully study the cases presented and then answer the questions that follow (in around 250 words):\n(a) Discuss the key ethical issues involved in this case.\n(b) Analyze the role of peers in influencing adolescent decision-making.\n(c) Discuss the evolving nature of responsibilities of parents and schools in helping adolescents deal with situations of emotional distress.","20","around 250"],[32,"(c) Role of Peers in influencing adolescent decision making","",""],[34,"8 (a) इस मामले में मुख्य हितधारक कौन हैं? उनके दृष्टिकोण और परस्पर विरोधी हितों का विश्लेषण कीजिए।\n(b) जिला कलेक्टर के रूप में, इस स्थिति से निपटने के लिए आपके पास कौन-कौन से विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं? प्रत्येक विकल्प के गुण-दोषों का मूल्यांकन कीजिए।\n(c) आप क्या कदम उठाएंगे और क्यों? अपने निर्णय का औचित्य सिद्ध कीजिए।\na) इस मामले में मुख्य हितधारक कौन हैं? उनके दृष्टिकोण और परस्पर विरोधी हितों का विश्लेषण कीजिए।\nb) जिला कलेक्टर के रूप में, इस स्थिति से निपटने के लिए आपके पास कौन-कौन से विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं? प्रत्येक विकल्प के गुण-दोषों का मूल्यांकन कीजिए।\nc) आप क्या कदम उठाएंगे और क्यों? अपने निर्णय का औचित्य सिद्ध कीजिए।","",""],[35,"Local tensions rise as environmental NGOs begin posting satellite-based evidence of illegal trawling. Fishermen's cooperatives are protesting, arguing that they have no alternative source of income, and any seizure of boats will push hundreds into destitution. They threaten to block access to the district harbour and dump fish waste outside government offices if strict enforcement continues.\n(a) Who are the principal stakeholders in this case? Analyse their perspectives and conflicting interests.\n(b) As the District Collector, what are the various options available to you to address the situation? Evaluate the merits and demerits of each option.\n(c) What course of action would you take and why? Justify your decision.","20","Answer in 250"],[39,"(a) What are the key ethical dilemmas you face in using animals for cosmetic research?","",""],[40,"(b) and (c) (b) What are the options available to you in this scenario? Which option should you choose and why?\n(c) What measures can you propose to reduce the reliance on animal testing in the company's future research? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[44,"10. (a) मोहित को किन नैतिक दुविधाओं का सामना करना पड़ रहा है?\n(b) डिप्टी कमिश्नर के रूप में मोहित के लिए उपलब्ध सभी विकल्पों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\n(c) स्थिति की गंभीर प्रकृति को देखते हुए मोहित को क्या कदम उठाने चाहिए?\na) मोहित को किन नैतिक दुविधाओं का सामना करना पड़ रहा है?\nb) डिप्टी कमिश्नर के रूप में मोहित के लिए उपलब्ध सभी विकल्पों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\nc) स्थिति की गंभीर प्रकृति को देखते हुए मोहित को क्या कदम उठाने चाहिए?","",""],[45,"(a) What are the ethical dilemmas that Mohit faces?\n(b) Discuss all the options available to Mohit as the Deputy Commissioner.\n(c) What course of action should Mohit take given the critical nature of the situation? (Answer in 250 words)\na) What are the ethical dilemmas that Mohit faces?\nb) Discuss all the options available to Mohit as the Deputy Commissioner.\nc) What course of action should Mohit take given the critical nature of the situation? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[46,"3. Social safety vs Right to protest","",""],[47,"2. Let the protest continue","",""],[49,"You have recently been appointed as the Chief Secretary of a state. Soon after, you receive multiple reports highlighting instances of unprofessional conduct by several civil servants, including officers of the All India Services. These include publicly displaying political allegiance at government functions, engaging in culturally inappropriate gestures such as touching political leaders' feet, and posting controversial or sensitive opinions on social media platforms that could be interpreted as partisan and breach of civil service norms.\n\nThese actions have triggered criticism from the public and media, raising concerns about the erosion of the neutrality, integrity, and discipline expected of public servants. You believe that these actions, if left unchecked, could damage the credibility of the administration and the trust reposed in it by the people.\n\nYou now face the challenge of taking corrective measures to ensure that such incidents are not repeated, while also maintaining morale within the services and avoiding overly harsh or demotivating actions.\n(a) What are the ethical concerns in this case?\n(b) As the Chief Secretary, what steps should you take to address the situation?\n(c) How can a balance be maintained between respecting personal freedom and upholding professional standards of civil servants? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[54,"12. You are the newly appointed Superintendent of Police (SP) of Puri district, Odisha, brought in after a tragic stampede during the recent Rath Yatra festival that claimed three lives and injured over fifty devotees. An official inquiry cited serious lapses in crowd control, poor coordination among police units, and the controversial prioritization of VIP access over the safety of ordinary devotees as contributing factors.\n\nWith three more major rituals of the Rath Yatra scheduled over the next week, and a turnout expected to cross 10 lakh devotees, you are tasked with ensuring foolproof security and achieving zero casualties. As you prepare the revised plan\n(a) आप किन नैतिक दुविधाओं का सामना कर रहे हैं?\n(b) इस स्थिति से निपटने के लिए आपके पास कौन-से विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\n(c) आपके विचार से इनमें से कौन-सा विकल्प आपके लिए सबसे उपयुक्त होगा और क्यों?\n(d) बड़े धार्मिक समारोहों के प्रबंधन में विशेष रूप से वी.आई.पी. प्रवेश के साथ-साथ सार्वजनिक सुरक्षा से संबंधित चुनौतियों के दीर्घकालिक समाधान के लिए आप कौन-से प्रणालीगत सुधार सुझाएंगे?","",""],[55,"(a) What are the ethical dilemmas that you face?\n(b) What are the options available to you to cope with this situation?\n(c) Which of the options, do you think, would be the most appropriate for you to adopt and why?\n(d) What systemic reforms would you suggest for the long-term resolution of such challenges in managing large religious gatherings, particularly concerning VIP access as well as public safety? (Answer in 250 words)\na) What are the ethical dilemmas that you face?\nb) What are the options available to you to cope with this situation?\nc) Which of the options, do you think, would be the most appropriate for you to adopt and why?\nd) What systemic reforms would you suggest for the long-term resolution of such challenges in managing large religious gatherings, particularly concerning VIP access as well as public safety?","20","250"]]},{"i":161,"t":"Akshit Bhardwaj","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/b49e1-45866015_3612_akshit_bhardwaj_rank_12.pdf","q":[[3,"(a) As AI systems become deeply embedded in societal frameworks, it is imperative to ensure their design and deployment prioritize human well-being, equity, and fairness. In this context, what values should guide the development of trustworthy, human-centered AI systems? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[5,"(b) Ethical leadership is crucial for fostering good governance, as it emphasizes core values such as justice, accountability, and equity. In the face of diverse and challenging scenarios, how can ethical leadership drive transformative change in governance and decision-making? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[7,"Integrity and impartiality are cornerstones of ethical public service, ensuring that decisions are not influenced by personal gains or biases. Upholding these values becomes challenging in situations where external pressures conflict with administrative responsibilities. Examine the importance of integrity and impartiality in civil services. How can a civil servant navigate external pressures to maintain these values while delivering effective governance? (Answer in 150 words)","","150"],[8,"1 Importance of impartiality in civil service","",""],[9,"2, (b) Transparency is not just a tool to combat corruption but a fundamental practice that upholds the integrity and legitimacy of public institutions. Examine the above statement with suitable examples. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[11,"Given below are three quotations of great thinkers. What do each of these quotations convey to you in the present context?\n \"He who is not contented with what he has would not be contented with what he would like to have.\" - Socrates (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[13,"\"Cultivation of mind should be the ultimate aim of human existence\" - Dr. B.R. Ambedkar (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[15,"3. (c) \"The true measure of a man is how he treats someone who can do him absolutely no good.\" - Samuel Johnson (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[17,"4. (a) Examine the role of social media in shaping moral and political attitudes in contemporary society. Suggest guiding principles for fostering responsible and ethical social media usage. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[19,"4. (b) While Emotional Intelligence (EI) can be a powerful tool for strengthening interpersonal relationships and achieving goals, its misuse raises ethical concerns of manipulating emotions for personal or political advantage. Discuss the dual-edged nature of EI in this context.","10","150"],[20,"4. Impacts temperence in actions","",""],[21,"Preventive measures play a crucial role in curbing corruption in the long run. In this context, what are the existing preventive mechanisms that aim to prevent corruption? Do you think similar mechanisms should be institutionalized at the organizational level to ensure greater accountability and transparency? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[23,"(b) A public servant's primary duty is to recognise the importance of public interest and ensure that it is upheld. How can a public servant balance professional responsibilities while ensuring the public good is effectively served? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[25,"(a) With the increasing role of the corporate sector in wealth generation and employment, ethical governance has become essential. Identify and discuss the ethical principles that should guide the corporate sector to ensure the interests of stakeholders and societal well-being. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[27,"b) How does whistleblowing influence trust and accountability in governance? Analyse the ethical dilemmas involved in whistleblowing. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[29,"7. In the following questions, carefully study the cases presented and then answer the questions that follow (in around 250 words):\n(a) इस प्रकरण में शामिल प्रमुख हितधारकों की पहचान कीजिए और उनके संबंधित हितों का विश्लेषण कीजिए।\n(b) आर्थिक विकास, पर्यावरणीय स्थिरता और जनजातीय अधिकारों के बीच संतुलन बनाने में अधिकारी द्वारा सामना की जाने वाली नैतिक दुविधाओं पर चर्चा कीजिए। (उत्तर 250 शब्दों में दीजिए)","","around 250"],[30,"(a) Identify the key stakeholders involved in the case and analyze their respective interests.\n(b) Discuss the ethical dilemmas faced by the officer in balancing economic development, environmental sustainability, and tribal rights. (Answer in 250 words)\na) Identify the key stakeholders involved in the case and analyze their respective interests.\nb) Discuss the ethical dilemmas faced by the officer in balancing economic development, environmental sustainability, and tribal rights.","20","250"],[32,"6 Ethical dilemmas faced by the officer\n1. Economic growth vs Environmental stability - contrasting goals\n2. Utilitarian vs Deontological approaches\n3. Development vs Antyodaya - Development is not reaching everyone in this case","",""],[34,"8 (a) Identify and analyze the ethical issues involved in the case.\n(b) Discuss the possible courses of action available to Akshay. What would be the most ethical and appropriate course of action in this situation? Justify your response. (Answer in 250 words)\na Identify and analyze the ethical issues involved in the case.\nb Discuss the possible courses of action available to Akshay. What would be the most ethical and appropriate course of action in this situation? Justify your response. (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[39,"9 (a) Identify the ethical dilemmas faced by Ishita in dealing with the crisis related to misinformation.\n(b) What actions should Ishita take to balance freedom of expression, public order, and government directives? Justify your answer.\n(c) What steps can be taken to prevent misinformation during natural disasters? (Answer in 250 words)\na) Identify the ethical dilemmas faced by Ishita in dealing with the crisis related to misinformation.\nb) What actions should Ishita take to balance freedom of expression, public order, and government directives? Justify your answer.\nc) What steps can be taken to prevent misinformation during natural disasters? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[40,"(a) Identify the ethical dilemmas faced by Ishita in handling the misinformation crisis.\n(b) What should be Ishita's course of action in balancing freedom of speech, public order, and government directives? Justify your response.\n(c) What steps can be taken to prevent misinformation during natural disasters? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[41,"2. Balancing valid usage of social media with false news curbing\n3. Censorship vs Public safety in times of crisis\n4. Moral imperative vs Institutional pressure - by high ranking officer\n5. Politicisation of a natural disaster","",""],[44,"10 As a Quality Control Officer at the India unit of a multinational corporation (MNC), you uncover a serious ethical issue—products sold in India are of inferior quality compared to those in developed countries, potentially compromising consumer safety.\nWhen you escalate the issue to the Head of Quality Control, he dismisses your concerns, justifying the discrepancy by stating that different markets follow different standards. He further warns that exposing the issue could lead to job losses, possible closure of the India unit, and your own termination.\nYou now face a personal and professional dilemma. On one hand, your father is critically ill, and as the sole earning member, losing your job could jeopardize his treatment. On the other hand, staying silent would mean compromising professional integrity and endangering consumer safety.\na) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\nb) What are the options available to the Quality Control Officer to address this issue?\nc) What responsibilities do corporations have towards consumers in different markets?","","Answer in 250"],[45,"6 Ethical issues involved in this case\n1. Compromise on quality of products","",""],[47,"2) Options available to the quality control officer","",""],[49,"You are the District Magistrate of a district renowned as the hub for coaching centres specializing in engineering and medical entrance exams. Recently, the district has witnessed a tragic rise in student suicides, with five students in the age group of 15-18 years taking their own lives. These students, who came from various parts of the country, sought admission to prestigious institutions like IITs and AIIMS but were subjected to immense academic and social pressure. The coaching centres, which are largely managed by influential political figures from the ruling party, are reported to have prioritized rankings and revenue generation over the well-being of students.\n(a) Highlight the stakeholders involved and discuss the associated ethical issues in the given case.\n(b) Given the situation, what will be your course of action as the District Magistrate?\n(c) Discussing the various reasons for the increasing number of suicides among students, suggest long-term measures to address this issue. (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[54,"12. (a) Identify the key stakeholders involved in the case and analyze their respective interests.\n(b) Discuss the ethical dilemmas faced by Priya in balancing urban development, heritage conservation, and the rights of local communities. (Answer in 250 words)\na) Identify the key stakeholders involved in the case and analyze their respective interests.\nb) Discuss the ethical dilemmas faced by Priya in balancing urban development, heritage conservation, and the rights of local communities. (Answer in 250 words)","","250"]]},{"i":164,"t":"Alfred Thomas","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2024,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/ALFRED-THOMAS-UPSC-2024-Rank-33-MGP-Sample-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) The issues of local self-governance are primarily the issues of autonomy, authority, and accountability. Analyze.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Describe the legislative powers of the governor. Do you think the dual role of governor is justified in a federal country? Give arguments in support of your view.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) What is the process for amending the Constitution of India? Discuss the significance of the Kesavananda Bharati case in relation to the power of Parliament to amend the Constitution.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) Enumerate the challenges to cooperative federalism and critically examine the efficacy of various constitutional mechanisms for redressal of federal disputes.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) \"The Indian Independence Act 1947 changed the existing constitutional position, root and branch.\" Discuss the changes introduced by the Indian Independence Act 1947 and the immediate challenges that emerged as a result.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6 What are the key differences between a federal and a unitary system of government? Can the Indian constitution be considered federal in nature despite its unitary features? Critically examine.","15","250"],[16,"Q.7 \"Judicial activism is an effective way to promote democratic values and social justice, especially when the other two branches of the government fail to act.\" Critically examine.","15","250"],[19,"Q.8) \"Fraternity means a sense of brotherhood of all Indians - a feeling of oneness and commonness - despite the diversities of caste, creed, language or religion.\" Discuss the significance of the concept of fraternity in the Indian Constitution. How do the various constitutional provisions promote fraternity among all citizens?","15","250"],[20,"How various constitutional provisions promote fraternity among all citizens:\n1) Art 5-11: Common citizenship for all => no differences based on region, ethnicity etc.\n2) Art 14, 15, 16: Right to equality + prevent discrimination\n3) Art 17: Abolish untouchability so that traditional differences don't linger + dignity of individual preserved\n4) Art 25-28: Right to religion so that everyone feels valued despite differences","",""],[22,"Q.9 \"The Indian Constitution is not a mere lawyer's document, it is a vehicle of life, and its spirit is always the spirit of the age.\" How has the constitution of India adapted to changing socio-economic and political circumstances over the decades?","15","250"],[23,"How the constitution adapted to changing socio-economic and political circumstances:\n Amendments under Act 368\n Judicial Review by judiciary clarifying & moulding provisions","",""],[25,"Q.10 In a democratic society, individual rights and freedoms are always balanced against the larger interests of society and the state. To what extent do the constitutional restrictions on fundamental rights strike a balance between individual liberty and societal interests? What factors are considered in evaluating the reasonableness of such restrictions? Refer to the case laws.","15","250"],[26,"1) Does the executive's or legislature's action lie beyond their powers?","",""],[27,"3) Is there legitimate state interest involved?\n3) Is the restriction arbitrary?\n4) Is the restriction disproportionately strong compared to the need?","",""],[29,"When must you seek mentorship?","",""]]},{"i":165,"t":"Amrit Mahapatra","c":"Forumias","p":"Essay","y":2025,"r":121,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/AMRIT-MAHHAPATRA-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-121-Sample-ESSAY-Copy-2.pdf","q":[[3,"Write two essays, choosing one topic from each of the following Section A and B in about 1000 - 1200 words each. 125*2 = 250 Marks\nSECTION - A 1. In everything, there is a share of everything.\n2. Compassion is radicalism of our time.\n3. History repeats itself, first as a tragedy, second as a farce.\n4. The greatest acts of courage stem from the simplest choices.\nSECTION - B 1. A quiet conscience makes one strong.\n2. Good morals lead to good laws.\n3. Art will change society faster than politics.\n4. All ideas having large consequences are always simple.","125*2 = 250","about 1000 - 1200 words each"],[11,"Is this a one-way street? Do good laws shape morals of social order or not?","",""],[24,"How does one make choices which lead to beneficial acts of courage? How does one determine if one's acts are ethical or egoistical?","",""]]},{"i":166,"t":"Amrit Mahapatra","c":"Forumias","p":"GS1","y":2025,"r":121,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/AMRIT-MAHHAPATRA-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-121-Sample-MGP-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) The Indian monsoon is being increasingly characterized by extreme weather events ranging from prolonged dry spells to torrential precipitation. In this context, discuss the factors contributing to the variability of the Indian monsoon.","10","150"],[4,"Q.8) How is poverty intertwined with the structure of society? Explain this relationship with examples from Indian society.","10","150"],[5,"Q.16 What are the causes behind the rise in substance abuse in India? Also, throw light on its impact on individuals, families and society.","15","250"]]},{"i":167,"t":"Amrit Mahapatra","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2025,"r":121,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/AMRIT-MAHHAPATRA-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-121-Sample-MGP-Copy-3.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) To what extent, in your opinion, have the ideals of the Preamble been realised in the country’s 75-year constitutional journey?","10","150"],[4,"Q.7 \"India’s poverty lies in the eyes of the beholder.\" In light of this statement, examine the need for a credible and periodically updated poverty estimation framework in the country.","10","150"],[5,"Q.13 'The post of Deputy Speaker goes beyond ceremonial significance and is indispensable to Indian parliamentary democracy.' Discuss with relevant constitutional provisions and conventions. Also, examine the implications of the prolonged vacancy of the Deputy Speaker's post.","15","250"],[6,"Q.19 Examine the factors behind the growing salience of the Arctic region in international politics. Discuss, in this context, strategies for India to recalibrate its Arctic engagement.","15","250"]]},{"i":168,"t":"Amrit Mahhapatra","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":2025,"r":121,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/AMRIT-MAHHAPATRA-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-121-Sample-MGP-Copy-5.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) ‘Unconscious biases in parenting continue to shape gendered experiences in India.’ Do you agree with this view? Discuss.\nb) Distinguish between empathy and compassion. Why are they considered as foundational values in public services?","10","150"],[4,"Q.4) a) “With great power comes great responsibility.” In the present context, ‘Big Tech’ headquartered in developed countries wield disproportionate influence over digital infrastructure, personal data, and global narratives—often prioritising profit over ethical considerations. What ethical principles should guide such corporations in building a fair, inclusive, and just global digital framework?","10","150"],[5,"Q.6) a) Public spaces serve as arenas of democratic participation and civic expression. Yet in India, they remain deeply gendered, with many women largely confined to the private and domestic sphere. Examine the factors that restrict women’s access to public spaces. How can ethical governance help address the issue of gendered spatial control and promote inclusivity in public spaces?\nb) Write short notes on the following in 30 words each:\ni) Ethical fading\nii) Conflict of interest\niii) Persuasion\niv) Work culture\nv) Corporate governance","10 marks, 150","10"],[6,"Q.7) A State Government in the northeastern part of the country has launched a series of anti-encroachment drives across forest areas, wetlands, and revenue lands. Under the directions of the Chief Minister, the administration has intensified efforts to reclaim public land, particularly in areas reserved for ecological protection and critical infrastructure development. Most of the time, these actions have been backed by court orders and have resulted in the recovery of thousands of hectares of land. However, in certain regions, the implementation of such drives is fraught with social and political complexities. In several districts, settlements have existed for decades and are inhabited by marginalized communities with limited access to legal rights or formal rehabilitation measures. These areas are often politically sensitive and influenced by local leaders and pressure groups.\nSimanta is posted as Additional Deputy Commissioner (ADC) in one such district. Over the past year, the district administration has attempted to align eviction measures with welfare outreach, including the provision of temporary shelters, relocation assistance, and public consultations. Recently, a major operation was scheduled to clear encroachments from over 140 hectares of forest land within a Reserved Forest, primarily to curb rising instances of human-elephant conflict and to restore ecological balance. Anticipating eviction, some residents approached the High Court seeking a stay. However, the court refused to grant it and directed the administration to proceed with the eviction following due process. Notices were served, and a detailed roadmap was prepared to carry out the operation, which was expected to last 2–3 days due to the scale and remote location. On the first day, Simanta led a team comprising forest officials, municipal workers, and police personnel. Demolitions were conducted peacefully and without major resistance. However, on the second day, when the team returned to the site, a large group of agitated residents—primarily women and children—had gathered. They raised slogans and formed human chains to prevent further evictions. The atmosphere grew tense when some individuals began throwing stones, resulting in serious injury to a municipal worker. The crowd grew increasingly volatile and emotionally charged, demanding an immediate halt to the operation. The police contingent present on the ground was outnumbered by the crowd. Faced with this crisis, some team members pleaded with Simanta to call off the operation, fearing threats to their life and the possibility of a violent escalation. Simanta attempted to contact his superior officer (the Deputy Commissioner), but due to poor mobile connectivity in the forested area, communication could not be established. Meanwhile, several local journalists had arrived and begun reporting on the incident. Simanta is in a dilemma as to what to do.\na. Evaluate the options available with Simanta to cope with the situation.\nb. Which of the above options would be the most appropriate for Simanta and why?\nc. What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by Simanta?\nd. Examine the qualities of a public servant which will be required to manage such situations.","20","250"],[7,"a. स्थिति से निपटने के लिए सिमंता के पास उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन करें।\nb. सिमंता के लिए सबसे उपयुक्त होगा और क्यों?\nc. सिमंता को किन नैतिक दुविधाओं का सामना करना पड़ रहा है?\nd. ऐसी परिस्थितियों का प्रबंधन करने के लिए एक लोक सेवक के गुणों का परीक्षण करें।","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[8,"Q.9) Gopal is an 80-year-old man living in a remote and an underdeveloped village in a Central Indian state. He had been residing in a small mud house for years. When he came to know about the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana–Gramin (PMAY-G), he saw a glimmer of hope for a pucca house in the last phase of his life. However, the village sarpanch and panchayat secretary told him that to be eligible under the scheme, he must first demolish his existing house so that during a site inspection, no structure would be visible at the location. Subsequently, Gopal demolished his shelter and began living under a babool tree.\na) Examine the ethical issues involved in this case.\nb) Suggest a course of action for Gopal to get justice.\nc) What values should guide the officials involved in this case?","",""],[9,"a. Can you think of a rational way to resolve this dilemma?\nb. Give your reasons for it.\nc. What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\na Can you think of a rational way to resolve this dilemma?\nb Give your reasons for it.\nc What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?","20","250"],[10,"a. Discuss the ethical issues involved in the case.\nb. Examine the behavior of DPDO from an ethical point of view.\nc. How would you react to the situation?\na. Discuss the ethical issues involved in the case.\nb. Examine the behavior of DPDO from an ethical point of view.\nc. How would you react to the situation?","20","250"],[11,"a. Bring out the ethical issues involved in this case.\nb. What are the options available to Nithin?\nc. Critically examine each of the options identified by Nithin.\nd. Which of the options, do you think, would be more appropriate for Nithin to adopt and why?\na Bring out the ethical issues involved in this case.\nb What are the options available to Nithin?\nc Critically examine each of the options identified by Nithin.\nd Which of the options, do you think, would be more appropriate for Nithin to adopt and why?","","20"],[12,"Q.12 You are appointed as an officer heading the Air Quality Compliance Division of the Environment Pollution Control Board in Delhi-NCR. The region is witnessing alarming levels of air pollution, which typically worsen during the winter months due to various meteorological and anthropogenic factors. The situation has led to severe public health concerns, particularly affecting vulnerable groups such as the elderly, children, and those with respiratory illnesses. The Supreme Court has also raised serious concern over the deteriorating air quality in Delhi-NCR and has directed the administration to take immediate and effective measures to control pollution, especially during the winter months. Your jurisdiction has a large number of small and medium-scale industries that were granted environmental clearance over the years. These industries form the backbone of the local economy and provide employment to a significant number of migrant workers. However, recent inspections and air quality monitoring reports indicate that a significant number of these units are operating in violation of prescribed air emission norms. As part of targeted measures to curb air pollution, you issued notices to all identified polluting units, directing them to apply for fresh environmental clearance certificates from the competent authority. However, your decision triggered strong opposition from a section of industrial units, labour unions, and local politicians. Industrial owners argued that such action would lead to production shutdowns, financial losses, and shortages of their products in the market. Labour unions and workers also protested, fearing mass unemployment and livelihood insecurity. Local politicians and vested interests accused you of jeopardising the socio-economic stability of the region. You received representations from various quarters urging you to withdraw the notices and not initiate harsh measures, citing the interests of multiple stakeholders. Additionally, you began receiving anonymous threats, aimed at coercing you into reversing your decision. On the other hand, several of your colleagues supported your stance, encouraging you to act in the larger public interest. Several local NGOs and environmental groups rallied behind your actions, demanding the immediate closure of polluting units.\na. Under the given conditions, what are the options available to you?\nb. Critically evaluate each of the options listed by you.\nc. What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by you?","20","250"],[17,"How To Inculcate Empathy And Compassion?","",""],[49,"(b) Reasons For Above Course of Action","",""]]},{"i":170,"t":"Ananya Rana","c":"Forumias","p":"Essay","y":2025,"r":60,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/ANANYA-RANA-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-60-Sample-Essay-Copy-2.pdf","q":[[3,"1. Weakness of attitude becomes weakness of character.\n2. When the well is dry, we know the worth of water.\n3. Technology made large populations possible; large populations now make technology indispensable.\n4. Life shrinks or expands in proportion to one's courage.","",""],[4,"What does characterise an attitude? How does attitude reflect character? What leads to weak attitude and character? Can it be transformed? If yes, how?","",""],[16,"SECTION - B 1. A sailboat that sails backwards can never see the sun rise.\n2. Peace is not the absence of conflict, it's the presence of justice.\n3. The greatest threat to our planet is the belief that someone else will save it.\n4. The best things in life are free.","",""],[18,"Why peace is not the absence of conflict?","",""],[20,"How peace is presence of justice?","",""]]},{"i":171,"t":"Ananya Rana","c":"Vision","p":"Essay","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/80534-1055139_4514_ananya_rana_rank_60.pdf","q":[[5,"Write two essays, choosing one topic from each of the Sections A and B, in about 1000-1200 words each :\n1. You may have to fight a battle more than once to win it.\n2. In matters of conscience, the law of the majority has no place.\n3. He who opens a school door, closes a prison.\n4. Only in the depths of winter can we truly appreciate the warmth of spring.\n5. We cannot always build the future for our youth, but we can build our youth for the future.\n6. Copying is safe; innovation demands courage.\n7. The more we automate, the more human we must become.\n8. The pursuit of instant validation is creating a generation of restless minds.","125 x 2 = 250","1000-1200 words each"],[7,"1 Only in the depths of winter can we truly appreciate the warmth of spring.","",""],[13,"Appreciation of Spring - always in winter?","",""]]},{"i":173,"t":"Ananya Rana","c":"Vision","p":"GS1","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/26e96-1055139_4510_ananya_rana_rank_60.pdf","q":[[6,"1. Folk music serves as a repository of the cultural identity. Discuss the role of folk music in preserving cultural heritage and promoting social cohesion.","10","150"],[8,"2. How does the Vesara style of temple architecture represent a synthesis of the Nagara and Dravida styles? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[10,"3. Discuss the role played by Indians living abroad in advancing the cause of India's freedom struggle. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[12,"4. How did the Marshall Plan influence the economic recovery and political stability of post-war Europe? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[14,"5. Discuss the factors responsible for increased cyclonic activity in the Arabian Sea.","10","150"],[16,"6. How can technological interventions help in transforming the textile sector in India? What are the initiatives that the government has taken in this regard? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[18,"7. What is a seiche and how does it form? Discuss the geographical conditions under which seiches are most likely to occur.","10","150"],[20,"8. How has rapid urbanisation affected the socio-cultural landscape of peri-urban regions in India?","10","150"],[22,"9. Examine the role of historical and socio-political factors in driving communalism in Indian politics.","10","150"],[24,"10. Globalization has significantly influenced the aspirations, lifestyle, and value systems of Indian youth. Discuss with suitable examples.","10","Answer in 150"],[26,"11. Examine how Chandragupta-II's reign symbolised a golden age of cultural development, laying the foundation for future advancements in Indian art and literature. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[29,"12. Evaluate the intended and unintended consequences of British educational policies for the Indian society in the colonial period.","15","250"],[32,"13. India's territorial disputes after independence were not merely about borders, but also encompass issues of national identity, historical grievances, and geopolitical strategies. Discuss. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[35,"14. Discuss the geographical conditions responsible for the development of shola forests in the upper reaches of the Western Ghats. Highlight their ecological significance.","15","Answer in 250"],[38,"15. Discuss the potential of natural hydrogen as a fuel to meet growing global energy demands? Why is it still an untapped industry? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[41,"16. Why is there a shift of labour-intensive industries from China to South and Southeast Asia? Discuss the advantages and challenges for India in this context.","15","250"],[44,"17. Explain the socio-economic transformations resulting from women's migration to metropolitan areas in India. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[47,"18. The institution of marriage in India is increasingly becoming a site of conspicuous consumption and commodification. Critically examine the impact of this commercialisation on social equity and gender relations.","15","250"],[50,"19. Analyse how recognizing, reducing, and redistributing care work can foster gender equality and promote inclusive development in India.","15","250"],[53,"20. Discuss the changing nature of family structures in urban India. How is it impacting elderly care and socialization of the youth? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"]]},{"i":174,"t":"Ananya Rana","c":"Vision","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/3faed-1055139_4511_ananya_rana_rank_60.pdf","q":[[6,"1. How does the Supreme Court's recent decision on Aligarh Muslim University's minority status affect the interpretation of Article 30 of the Indian Constitution? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[8,"2. The Supreme Court, in a recent verdict, prescribed a time period for the Governor's assent to state legislative bills. What are the implications of this judgment for cooperative federalism and legislative accountability in India?","10","Answer in 150"],[10,"3. Discuss the recent changes and initiatives related to cooperatives that aim to smoothen the tussle between the Centre and States in the cooperative sector.","10","150"],[12,"4. In recent years, use of social media and digital mobilisation by civil society has emerged as a powerful form of pressure politics. Examine its impact on policymaking and democratic accountability.","10","150"],[14,"5. How is Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) emerging as a business-led solution for addressing development challenges in India? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"6. Discuss how mechanisms like public consultations and Jan Sunwais in India impact governance outcomes.","10","150"],[18,"7. How effective have the National Action Plan for Drug Demand Reduction (NAPDDR) and Nasha Mukt Bharat Abhiyaan been in addressing substance abuse in India? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[20,"8. Rote learning and neglect of creativity in foundational education setup in India make it less ready for marketplaces that are now driven by Artificial Intelligence. Do you agree with this view? Substantiate your argument.","10","150"],[22,"9. Analyze the transformation of the G7 from a symbol of Western strategic unity to a forum marked by internal contradictions. How should India navigate this changing dynamic to advance its strategic interests? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[24,"10. Discuss the role of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in the development of developing countries. What are the key criticisms associated with its approach? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[26,"11. The 103rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 2019 has introduced a new dimension to the principle of affirmative action in India. Critically examine its implications for the broader goal of social justice.","15","250"],[29,"12 The District Planning Committee (DPC) was envisioned as a key instrument to strengthen grassroots-level planning. How far has it succeeded in achieving this goal? Discuss the challenges faced by DPCs and suggest measures to make them more effective.","15","250"],[32,"13. The restrictions imposed under Article 293 of the Constitution on State borrowing powers, though constitutionally valid, may hinder fiscal autonomy of States and disrupt cooperative federalism. Discuss in the light of recent developments.","15","250"],[35,"14. Examine the tension between the right to contest elections and the need to uphold electoral ethics under the Representation of the People Act. Should there be a lifetime ban on convicted criminals? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[38,"15. To what extent has the Beti Bachao Beti Padhao (BBBP) scheme, launched in 2015, succeeded in addressing the declining child sex ratio and empowering the girl child? Suggest measures to enhance its impact at the grassroots level.","15","250"],[41,"16. Self-Help Groups (SHGs) are emerging as vehicles of socio-economic transformation in rural India. Examine the role of government in scaling their reach and effectiveness. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[44,"17. Despite economic growth, multidimensional poverty continues to persist in India. Analyse the underlying causes and discuss the measures taken by the government to address them. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[47,"18. India faces a paradox of food surplus and nutritional deficit. Analyse the structural reasons behind this paradox and suggest reform strategies.","15","250"],[50,"19. India's timely response during the economic crises in Sri Lanka and the Maldives reflects its \"Neighbourhood First\" policy in action. Examine how Indian aid has impacted bilateral ties with these nations. What steps can further be taken to promote sustainable economic cooperation in the Indian Ocean region? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[53,"20. Discuss the geostrategic significance of Afghanistan for India in the context of continental connectivity and access to Central Asia. How has the altered political landscape post-2021 affected India's connectivity and energy corridor ambitions?","15","250"]]},{"i":169,"t":"Ananya Rana","c":"Forumias","p":"GS3","y":2025,"r":60,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/ANANYA-RANA-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-60-Sample-AWFG-Copy-3.pdf","q":[[2,"Q.1) How do the changes in Himalayan glaciers reflect and contribute to the visible signs of climate change in the Indian subcontinent? Analyze with relevant examples.","10","150"],[3,"Q.6 Discuss the factors influencing the formation of soils. Also, throw light on distribution of major types of soil in India.","15","250"],[8,"3. The rate of cyclone formation in Arabian sea has nearly doubled in the last 15 years as compared to those in Bay of Bengal.","",""]]},{"i":175,"t":"Ananya Rana","c":"Vision","p":"GS3","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/6a2c5-1055139_4512_ananya_rana_rank_60.pdf","q":[[6,"1. Analyse the factors that have contributed to India's inclusive economic growth in the past decade. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[8,"2. The Reserve Bank of India's surplus transfers offer the government much-needed fiscal space, yet they are not without challenges. Critically examine the implications of the RBI's surplus transfers to the government.","10","Answer in 150"],[10,"3. To what extent was the first National Monetization Pipeline (NMP) able to meet its objectives? What are the objectives of the new Asset Monetization Plan 2025-30 as announced in the recent 2025 Budget?","10","Answer in 150"],[12,"4. Examine the major challenges hindering the Indian textile industry from achieving its full potential in the global value chain.","10","150"],[14,"5. Why has India become increasingly import-dependent for edible oils despite being a major agricultural economy? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"6. Air accidents are low-frequency but high-impact events. Examine the disaster management protocols in place for aviation-related emergencies in India. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[18,"7. Chemical pollution poses a grave threat to human health and the environment in India. Discuss the key sources contributing to pervasive chemical contamination and evaluate the effectiveness of existing environmental laws in curbing this problem.","10","Answer in 150"],[20,"8. Missile defence systems are becoming critical for national security in the face of evolving regional threats and advanced weapon technologies. Explain the working principle of missile defence systems. Critically assess India's progress in developing indigenous missile defence capabilities.","10","150"],[22,"9. Despite multiple resolutions and initiatives undertaken by the United Nations Security Council (UNSC), its efforts to counter terrorism have achieved limited success. Discuss the reasons for this limited effectiveness.","10","150"],[24,"10. India practices a ‘multi-alignment’ approach in its cyber diplomacy. How does this posture strengthen India’s internal security while maintaining strategic autonomy? (Answer in 150 words)","","150"],[26,"11. While examining the shortcomings of the land reforms in the past, elaborate what land reforms 2.0 should look like. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[29,"12. As NITI Aayog completes 10 years of its establishment, critically examine its role in the planning and development paradigm of governance in India.","15","250"],[32,"13. What are the primary causes of limited formal credit penetration among the rural and unbanked populations in India? Comment on the effectiveness of Small Finance Banks in addressing this gap and advancing inclusive financial growth.","","250"],[35,"14. To what extent has the Production Linked Incentive Scheme for the food processing industry facilitated value addition, employment generation, and global competitiveness in India's food processing industry? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[38,"15. Waste circularity is emerging as a sustainable solution to India's mounting solid waste crisis. Discuss the key principles of waste circularity and the government's initiative in this regard. How effective have these measures been in fostering a circular economy? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[41,"16. Discuss the importance of integrating traditional ecological knowledge of India's tribal communities with modern disaster management frameworks. Mention two examples where indigenous practices have contributed to disaster resilience. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[44,"17. CRISPR technology has rapidly advanced in recent years, with new tools and clinical breakthroughs. Highlight the recent developments in CRISPR-based gene editing technology applications. Discuss the opportunities and ethical challenges these advancements present for healthcare and society.","","250"],[47,"18. A credible semiconductor ecosystem is pivotal for India's economic security as much as for national security. Analyse the strategic objectives, incentives, and institutional architecture of the India Semiconductor Mission (ISM). Identify the major risks that could derail its timelines.","15","250"],[50,"19. Intricate inter-play of diverse factors has been the force multipliers for extremism in the North East. Discuss. Suggest a multilayered strategy to tackle the menace of extremism in this region.","15","250"],[53,"20. Despite recent steps towards inducting women into combat roles, their participation remains low. Examine the key challenges impeding the greater inclusion of women in the Indian armed forces. Also, suggest suitable measures to enhance their participation.","15","250"]]},{"i":172,"t":"Ananya Rana","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/2c91f-1055139_4513_ananya_rana_rank_60.pdf","q":[[6,"1. (a) Compassion is the courageous choice to feel another's suffering as one's own, and to act upon it, even when silence is safer and indifference is easier. Examine the significance of compassion as an essential ethical value for civil servants in India. Illustrate your answer with suitable examples.","10","150"],[8,"1. (b) Marriages in India are transitioning from traditional sacramental unions to more autonomous relationships, reflected in live-in relationships and rising divorce rates. Discuss the ethical dimensions of these changes.","10","150"],[10,"2. (a) While accountability often necessitates documentation, an overemphasis on bureaucratic procedures and excessive paperwork can inadvertently silence the very voices that public policy intends to empower, particularly at the grassroots. Examine the above statement with suitable illustrations.","10","150"],[12,"2. (b) The principle of impartiality may conflict with the need for compassion towards marginalized communities. Discuss in the context of civil services in India.","10","Answer in 150"],[14,"3 (a) What do each of the following quotations mean to you?\n \"The strength of a nation derives from the integrity of the home.\" - Confucius (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"3. (b) \"Act only according to that maxim through which you can at the same time will that it become a universal law.\" - Immanuel Kant (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[18,"3. (c) \"We are not only responsible for what we do, but also for what we fail to do\" - Molière. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[20,"4. (a) Patriotism encourages ethical questioning, while nationalism often suppresses it. Discuss this statement in light of the formation of political attitudes during high-pressure national events. How can individuals develop moral attitudes that balance national interest with ethical reasoning?","10","150"],[22,"4. (b) Discuss how employee well-being and fairness can be balanced with efficiency and profitability in private organisations.","10","150"],[24,"5. (a) Do you agree that excessive use of social media and emerging AI technologies may lead to a decline in emotional regulation and moral sensitivity among adolescents? Justify your answer.","10","150"],[26,"5. (b) In light of the increasing incidents of suicides among students in India, discuss how Emotional Intelligence (EI) can aid in managing stress and emotional challenges.","10","150"],[28,"6. (a) In public service, emotional intelligence is not about suppressing emotion, but mastering its purpose — to connect, to de-escalate, and to uplift others with empathy and strength. Do you agree with this view? Discuss.","10","150"],[30,"6. (b) An efficient work culture is built not only on rules, but on shared values. In this context, evaluate the role of leadership and team dynamics in transforming work culture within an organization.","10","150"],[32,"7 You are posted as the Joint Secretary in the Department of Information Technology of a state. The government recently implemented several citizen-centric digital services, collecting large volumes of personal data from residents. The Digital Personal Data Protection (DPDP) Act, 2023, requires that such data be processed only with explicit and informed consent, and mandates that processing must cease immediately upon withdrawal of consent.\nDuring an internal audit, you discover that the department continues to process and analyze personal data of several citizens even after they have formally withdrawn their consent. This data is being used for policy analytics and service improvement purposes not explicitly disclosed at the time of data collection. When you bring this to the attention of your department head, you are informed that halting the processing will disrupt ongoing digital initiatives and may affect state-level performance metrics. Moreover, you find that the consent withdrawal process is cumbersome, and many citizens are unaware of their rights under the DPDP Act.\nYou also learn that a prominent social activist is planning to file a complaint with the Data Protection Board against involuntary use of personal data, which could attract public scrutiny and legal action against the department.\n(a) Identify and discuss the ethical issues involved in this case.\n(b) What are the potential consequences for the department if the issue is not addressed transparently?\n(c) How would you balance the need for efficient public service delivery with the obligation to protect citizens' data rights? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[37,"8 (a) इस प्रकरण में शामिल प्रमुख नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं? हितधारकों और उनके परस्पर विरोधी हितों की पहचान कीजिए।\n(b) लोक निर्माण विभाग के सचिव के रूप में, आप उपयुक्त स्थिति में क्या कार्रवाई करेंगे?\n(c) ऐसी घटनाएं सिविल सेवकों के मनोबल और शासन में जनता के विश्वास को कैसे प्रभावित करती हैं? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)\na) इस प्रकरण में शामिल प्रमुख नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं? हितधारकों और उनके परस्पर विरोधी हितों की पहचान कीजिए।\nb) लोक निर्माण विभाग के सचिव के रूप में, आप उपयुक्त स्थिति में क्या कार्रवाई करेंगे?\nc) ऐसी घटनाएं सिविल सेवकों के मनोबल और शासन में जनता के विश्वास को कैसे प्रभावित करती हैं? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250 शब्दों में"],[38,"(a) What are the key ethical issues involved in this situation? Identify the stakeholders and their conflicting interests.\n(b) As the Secretary of the PWD, what actions will you take in above situation?\n(c) How do such incidents affect the morale of civil servants and public trust in governance? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[42,"9 You are the Secretary in the Department of Personnel and Training (DoPT), Government of India. In recent years, an increasing number of civil servants, particularly younger officers from the IAS, IPS, and IRS, have begun maintaining personal YouTube channels and social media pages. On these platforms, they regularly post videos related to their official work — showcasing innovative projects, public outreach initiatives, inspection drives, and sometimes even day-to-day administrative duties.\n\nThese videos often receive widespread public attention, and many viewers express admiration, saying such content enhances transparency, motivates aspirants, and humanizes the bureaucracy. However, concerns have also emerged from various quarters. Senior officers argue that such content may blur the boundaries between personal branding and public service, while some citizens and media commentators point to instances where videos feature vulnerable beneficiaries without consent, raise concerns about misuse of official premises, or seem designed more for personal popularity than public accountability.\n(a) लोक सेवकों द्वारा अपने आधिकारिक कार्यों को सोशल मीडिया पर सार्वजनिक रूप से प्रदर्शित करने के कृत्यों में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों की पहचान कीजिए।\n(b) क्या ऐसी प्रयास जागरूकता और प्रेरणा को प्रोत्साहित देती हैं या क्या ये अनामिता, तटस्थता और सामूहिक सेवा भावना के मूल्यों से समझौता करती हैं? अपना मत दीजिए।\n(c) सचिव के रूप में, लोक सेवकों की उत्तरदायिता डिजिटल सहभागिता सुनिश्चित करने के लिए आप कौन-से मार्गदर्शक सिद्धांत और नीतिगत अनुशासन सुझाएंगे? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250"],[43,"You have been asked to prepare a report with recommendations to balance public interest, institutional integrity, and evolving modes of communication.\n(a) Identify the ethical issues involved in civil servants publicly showcasing their official work on social media.\n(b) Do such practices promote awareness and motivation, or do they compromise the values of anonymity, neutrality, and collective service ethos? Give your opinion.\n(c) As the Secretary, what guiding principles and policy recommendations would you suggest to ensure responsible digital engagement by civil servants?","20","Answer in 250"],[47,"10. (a) What are the ethical issues you perceive in the implementation of the GeneFuture program?\n(b) Identify the conflicting interests of different stakeholders in this case.\n(c) What guiding ethical principles would you recommend for implementation of this project? (Answer in 250 words)\na) What are the ethical issues you perceive in the implementation of the GeneFuture program?\nb) Identify the conflicting interests of different stakeholders in this case.\nc) What guiding ethical principles would you recommend for implementation of this project? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[52,"11 You are a dedicated District Health Officer (DHO) with a strong commitment to evidence-based public health practices, recently assigned to a remote district in India. Your immediate and most critical task is to lead a crucial district-wide Measles-Rubella (MR) vaccination drive, aimed at achieving 100% immunization coverage among children aged 9 months to 15 years. The success of this drive is vital for the collective health of thousands of children and for the district's overall health indicators, especially with the impending monsoon season posing additional health challenges.\n\nHowever, in one of the largest and most traditional villages in your district, you encounter formidable resistance. The villagers, deeply influenced by the pronouncements of a revered local\n(a) उपयुक्त प्रकरण में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\n(b) इस विरोध को शांत करने के लिए आपके पास तत्काल क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\n(c) अंधविश्वास के व्यापक प्रभाव को दूर करने और संधारणीय लोक स्वास्थ्य परिणामों हेतु वैज्ञानिक सोच को बढ़ावा देने के लिए आप कौन-सी दीर्घकालिक रणनीतियाँ और प्रणालीगत सुधारों का सुझाव देंगे? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250"],[53,"(a) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the above case.\n(b) What are the immediate options available to you to overcome this resistance?\n(c) What long-term strategies and systemic reforms would you suggest to address the pervasive influence of superstition and foster a scientific temperament for sustainable public health outcomes? (Answer in 250 words)\na) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the above case.\nb) What are the immediate options available to you to overcome this resistance?\nc) What long-term strategies and systemic reforms would you suggest to address the pervasive influence of superstition and foster a scientific temperament for sustainable public health outcomes?","","250"],[57,"12 (a) आपके समक्ष विद्यमान संभावित प्रशासनिक और नैतिक दुविधाएं क्या हैं?\n(b) आपके लिए उपलब्ध सभी विकल्पों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\n(c) आप अपने निर्णय का नैतिक औचित्य सिद्ध करते हुए कौन-सी व्यापक कार्यवाही करेंगे? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)\na) आपके समक्ष विद्यमान संभावित प्रशासनिक और नैतिक दुविधाएं क्या हैं?\nb) आपके लिए उपलब्ध सभी विकल्पों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\nc) आप अपने निर्णय का नैतिक औचित्य सिद्ध करते हुए कौन-सी व्यापक कार्यवाही करेंगे? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250 शब्दों में"],[58,"(a) What are the potential administrative and ethical dilemmas you face?\n(b) Discuss all options available to you.\n(c) What comprehensive course of action would you choose to adopt, providing ethical justification for your decision? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"]]},{"i":176,"t":"Aniket Dnyaneshwar Hirde","c":"Nextias","p":"GS1","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/876453603529616100_PDF_ORIGINAL.pdf","q":[[6,"Q1 What do you understand by Windfall tax? Do you think that windfall taxes can effectively redistribute wealth and promote greater economic equality?","10","150"],[8,"2 Discuss the perceived successes and challenges of implementing inflation targeting under the new Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) regime.","10","150"],[10,"Q.3 Assess the potential of millet production in promoting sustainable agriculture and improving food security in India.","10","150"],[12,"4 Jal Jeevan Mission has the potential to end the regional disparity in the availability and accessibility of drinking water. Highlighting the significance of the mission, discuss the underlying impediments in achieving the desired objectives.","10","150"],[14,"What do you understand by Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS)? Discuss its applications and how it can revolutionize the energy program of India.","10","150"],[16,"Discuss in brief developments and challenges in the Gaganyaan mission of ISRO. What are the possible benefits of the mission for the society?","10","Answer in 150"],[18,"\"Green hydrogen can be the silver bullet in our quest to tackle climate change and pollution\". Critically analyze the statement in light of India's National Green Hydrogen mission.","10","150"],[20,"What are the key lessons for disaster management and environmental conservation in the Himalayan region, in light of the recent disaster in Joshimath, Uttarakhand?","10","Answer in 150"],[22,"\"The recent radical trends in Punjab show that the Khalistan issue is still simmering.\" Discuss the statement with respect to recent developments and suggest measures to handle it.","10","Answer in 150"],[24,"The anonymity and ease of drone operation contribute to the challenges of India's border security. Elaborate and give suggestions to tackle the drone problem in border areas.","10","150"],[26,"1 Electricity Amendment Bill, 2022 brings several advantages for consumers, DISCOMs as well as the environment. Elaborate. Also, list out its shortcomings and suggest some measures to overcome them.","15","Answer in 250"],[29,"Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) plays an important role in the regulation of the share market and safeguarding the interests of investors. In the light of given statement, highlight the challenges faced by the SEBI and suggest reforms in this regard.","15","Answer in 250"],[32,"13 Despite being a major contributor to the Indian economy, the agriculture sector is plagued by several constraints that impede its growth and development. Discuss the role of technology in overcoming these constraints.","15","250"],[35,"4 Evaluate the impact of irrigation on the environment and natural resources, and suggest measures to ensure the sustainability and equity of irrigation practices in agriculture.","15","250"],[38,"2.15 How India benefitted strategically from the contributions of Dr. Homi Jehangir Bhabha and Dr. Vikram Ambalal Sarabhai in the fields of atomic energy and space technology respectively?","15","Answer in 250"],[41,"Q.16 Generative AI holds the potential to push the boundaries of innovation in the near future, yet its societal impact raises substantial challenges. Elaborate.","15","250"],[43,"What is Needed","",""],[44,"Q.17 Explain the purpose of the \"Mangrove Alliance for Climate\" launched at the COP27 UN Climate Change Conference in Egypt in November 2022. Elaborate on the importance of mangroves in maintaining the coastal ecology of tropical nations.","15","250"],[47,"18 The Formation of the Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure brings more robustness to the Disaster Management approach in India. Comment and justify the need for a new strategy to tackle Disasters in India.","15","250"],[50,"Q.19 The recent rise in ransomware attacks targeting critical infrastructure and major corporations has highlighted the urgent need for stronger cybersecurity measures and policies. Discussing the key factors contributing to this trend, analyze the impact of these attacks on various sectors.","15","250"],[53,"In the context of border security, how can cooperation and coordination between different security agencies be improved to ensure effective and efficient management of coastal and terrestrial borders?","15","Answer in 250"]]},{"i":177,"t":"Aniket Dnyaneshwar Hirde","c":"Nextias","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":81,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/93393beb2b7e996905ce7ea7f8b78443/107/air-81-aniket-dnyaneshwar-hirde_test-2_gs2.pdf","q":[[6,"Q.1 There is a need to resolve the ambiguity in the disqualification provisions under section 8 of the Representation of People Act 1951, Discuss.","10","150"],[8,"Q.2 Constitution is a mere skeleton whereas constitutionalism is the soul of democracy. Discuss.","10","150"],[10,"Q.3 \"Electoral bonds are a double-edged sword, providing anonymity to donors while raising concerns about transparency in political funding.\" To what extent have electoral bonds further legitimized opacity in electoral funding?","10","150"],[12,"Q.4 The question of gender equality is central to the debate on Uniform Civil Code. In this light what are the challenges in reconciling UCC with gender equality as enshrined in the constitution?","10","150"],[14,"Q.5 'The Governor's office is neither decorative nor inconsequential, it assumes a constitutional role of profound essence' To what extent does the Governor actively contribute to the governance of a state and reinforce the principles of federalism in the country?","10","150"],[16,"Q.6 Recently demand has been rising in a state regarding the enactment of Social Accountability Law. How such a law can lead to good governance and boost citizens' participation in decision-making. Comment.","10","150"],[18,"Q.7 There is a need for convergence of 'nutrition-specific' and 'nutrition-sensitive' interventions to effectively tackle child undernutrition in India. Examine.","10","150"],[20,"Q.8 \"MGNREGA, the lynchpin of rural poverty alleviation, has become the victim of fiscal apathy.\" Critically analyze the statement in light of recent developments.","10","150"],[22,"Q.9 \"India must leverage, if not manage, the global divides\". How can the current geopolitical churn pave the way for India's rise to the global high table?","10","150"],[24,"Q.10 \"Berlin can be India's gateway to the European Union.\" Elaborate with respect to Germany's significance in India's relationship with the EU.","10","150"],[26,"Q.11 How has the Anti-Defection Law impacted the relationship between political parties and individual legislators in India? In light of the recent incidents also discuss the unintended consequences it has on the functioning of democracy in India.","15","250"],[29,"Q.12 Critics assert that limitless judicial authority rests on the structural ambiguity of the basic structure doctrine. Has the elastic nature of the basic structure doctrine made the judiciary more powerful than the executive?","15","250"],[32,"Q.13 Fundamental rights are not gifts bestowed upon by the state rather an individual possesses them independently of the state. In this context discuss the desirability of reasonable restrictions on various fundamental rights.","15","250"],[35,"Q.14 'S.R. Bommai v. Union of India signified a paradigm shift in the judicial interpretation of the union's authority to assume control of a state's administration.' In this context discuss the significance and impact of the judgement on cementing the federal structure.","15","250"],[37,"6 Courts have restricted discretion of governor to ensure stability. Eg:- Trust vote only on advice of council of ministers.\n What is Needed More?","",""],[38,"Q.15 The key to effective decentralization is, 'political decentralization should follow finance and functional decentralization'. Discuss in the context of impediments faced by local governance in India.","15","250"],[41,"Q.16 Multi-stakeholder partnerships are the key to leveraging collective expertise and networks. How can effective partnership and localized implementation efforts be fostered to accelerate the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in India?","15","250"],[44,"Q.17 How has the implementation of the POSH Act resulted in limited success in raising awareness about sexual harassment, and what factors have hindered its effective outreach to women employed in the unorganized sector? Propose strategies to bridge this gap and ensure comprehensive protection for women in the unorganized sector against workplace harassment.","15","250"],[47,"Q.18 'Neo-liberal reforms and globalization have deeply transformed the institutions of the welfare state and set the ground for a new type of civil services.' In this context examine the challenges faced in service delivery and suggest adequate reforms.","15","250"],[50,"Q.19 China views India as its \"Asian Rival\" with an innate ability to counter its hegemonistic goals in Asia. Despite these difficulties in India-China relations, there are also many areas of convergence. Discuss.","15","250"],[53,"Q.20 Indo-Pacific region in recent times has emerged as a zone of diverging interests and priorities. Discuss. Do you think the Global Security Initiative will supersede QUAD in the region?","15","Answer in 250"],[55,"Can GSI supersede Quad?","",""]]},{"i":178,"t":"Aniket Dnyaneshwor Hirde","c":"Nextias","p":"GS1","y":null,"r":81,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/93393beb2b7e996905ce7ea7f8b78443/108/air-81-aniket-dnyaneshwar-hirde_test-1_gs1.pdf","q":[[5,"Q.1 The fabric of Indian philosophical thought owes as much to Northern India as to Southern India. Elucidate.","10","150"],[7,"Q.2 The Indian society's impulse for social change and reform was a response to its opposition to colonial rule. Examine.","10","150"],[9,"Q.3 What are the factors that led to the Russian revolution and what are the consequences of this revolution? Discuss its influence on the Indian national movement.","10","150"],[11,"Q.4 Discuss the various factors responsible for the uneven temperature distribution on Earth's surface.","10","150"],[13,"Q.5 The melting of glaciers due to climate change has serious implications for the ecosystem and human society. Discuss the effects of melting glaciers on the environment and the measures that can be taken to address this issue.","10","150"],[15,"Q.6 The White Revolution was most successful in the Western part of India. Discuss the factors for this regional success of the White Revolution.","10","150"],[17,"Q.7 To what extent does seismic investigation contribute to our understanding of the Earth's interior structure? Analyze its significance in detail.","10","150"],[19,"Q.8 The pace of demographic transition varies across different states of India making population growth a double-edged sword. Comment.","10","150"],[21,"Q.9 The ethnic and cultural diversity in India has always been bound by the thread of unity. Discuss the major factors that have contributed to the cultural unity of India.","10","150"],[23,"Q.10 The dichotomy in public and private life in Indian society acts as a major barrier to the annihilation of caste. Justify.","10","150"],[25,"Q.11 India was forced into numerous wars post Independence. Highlight the causes and impact of the Indo-Pak and Indo-China wars on our bilateral relationships.","15","250"],[28,"Q.12 The process of consolidation of Bengal, which started after the Battle of Plassey culminated in the Battle of Buxar. Do you think the Battle of Buxar was more important for the British than Plassey?","15","250"],[31,"Q.13 Sanskrit literature in general and particularly in the Guptan age set a high watermark for the literary history of ancient India. Discuss.","15","250"],[34,"Q.14 The configuration of the ocean floor provides essential information about the geological processes that have shaped the Earth's surface. Discuss the major features of the ocean floor and their significance in the study of oceanography.","15","250"],[37,"Q.15 With the growing demand for rare earth elements, their distribution has become a critical aspect of the global economy. Discuss the distribution of rare earth elements across the world, their uses, and the environmental impact of their extraction.","15","250"],[40,"Q.16 Tourism in the hilly states is threatening to exceed the ecological carrying capacity of the region. Analyze the factors contributing to this trend and evaluate the potential Environmental impacts of this phenomenon. What measures can be taken to ensure sustainable tourism in these states?","15","250"],[43,"Q.17 The Indian monsoon is a complex phenomenon influenced by various climatic factors. Critically examine the role of oceanic and atmospheric factors in determining the intensity and distribution of monsoon rainfall in India.","15","250"],[46,"Q.18 Why do traditions in our society impede change? To what extent can social legislation be instrumental against old customary practices?","15","250"],[49,"Q.19 Slums are not 'problems' that have to be 'solved' - but are indeed a result of lopsided and vested urban policies covering infrastructure provision and socio-economic issues. Analyse.","15","Answer in 250"],[50,"What is Needed?","",""],[52,"Q.20 Communalism gains strength from economic deprivation, and thrives in environments of social exclusion, creating fertile ground for discontent and division. Comment.","15","250"]]},{"i":181,"t":"Aniket Ranjan","c":"Vision","p":"Essay","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/bd315-1135849_2319_aniket-ranjan_rank_48.pdf","q":[[9,"Why flaws are necessary?","",""]]},{"i":179,"t":"Aniket Ranjan","c":"Forumias","p":"GS1","y":2025,"r":48,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/ANIKET-RANJANUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-48-Sample-MGP-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) \"Nalanda is a symbol of India's academic heritage and vibrant cultural exchange\" Elucidate with special references to foreign travelers' accounts.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) The period of Delhi Sultans witnessed the emergence of Indo-Persian culture. Discuss the statement with reference to developments in the fields of literature, art and architecture.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) Give a brief account of the contributions of early nationalists to the Indian freedom struggle.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) The Vaikom Satyagraha marked a historic milestone in India's fight against social injustice demonstrating the power of non-violent resistance in dismantling oppressive caste barriers. Explain.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) The Oslo Accords, once hailed as a landmark diplomatic achievement failed to address key issues highlighting the challenges of achieving lasting peace between Israel and Palestine. Analyse.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) What are Northern and Southern lights? Explain the phenomenon and discuss their associated impacts on Earth's atmosphere and human activities.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) Identifying the major automobile clusters in India, enumerate the favourable factors for the location of the automobile industry.","10","150"],[16,"Factors responsible for location of Automobile industry","",""],[17,"Q.8) \"India's diversity is her greatest strength\" In light of the statement, explain how diversity has enriched and strengthened Indian society.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9) Critically examine the effects of globalization on the youth in India.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10) The recognition of LGBTQ rights in India marks significant progress but the journey towards full societal integration and acceptance remains arduous, necessitating a profound socio-cultural shift. Elaborate.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11) Throw light upon the importance of seals and sealings in the reconstruction of socio-economic and religious life of the Harappan people. Also, explain why many of the known Harappan settlements are in semi-arid regions.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12 Describe the significance of the Dandi March (1930) as the starting point of the Civil Disobedience Movement. Also, discuss the national and international reactions to the Dandi March and the Salt Satyagraha.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13) Give a reasoned account of the distribution of deserts across the earth with the help of relevant examples.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14) Discuss the impact of local winds on their associated regions, citing examples from different parts of the world.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 Rare Earths Elements (REE) are considered as 'Vitamins of Modern Industry'. In this context, bring out the multi-dimensional implications of uneven distribution of REE in the world.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16) Describe the various factors that influence ocean currents and discuss their multi-dimensional impact.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17) Briefly explain the process of tide formation and differentiate between tides and waves.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18) While social media facilitates unprecedented connectivity and self-expression, it can also widen social crevices and fractures. In this context, examine the impact of social media on Indian society.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 \"The regionalism in India is both a response to the failures in addressing regional aspirations and as an assertion of socio-cultural identity\" Comment.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20) Explain how traditional gender roles and responsibilities exacerbate the vulnerability of women to extreme heat conditions. Suggest strategies to mitigate these vulnerabilities.","15","250"],[54,"When must you seek mentorship?","",""]]},{"i":182,"t":"Aniket Ranjan","c":"Vision","p":"GS1","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/318a2-1135849_34899_aniket_ranjan_rank_48.pdf","q":[[1,"Discuss in detail the \"Seven Years\" Global War along with its result.","","150 - 170"]]},{"i":180,"t":"Aniket Ranjan","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2025,"r":48,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/ANIKET-RANJANUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-48-Sample-MGP-Copy-2.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) The Indian Constitution does not embody a strict separation of powers rather it introduces a system of checks and balances, with overlapping functions and interdependencies among the legislature, executive, and judiciary. Elaborate.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Recently, the Supreme Court has expanded the scope of Articles 14 and 21 to include the \"right against the adverse effects of climate change\". In this context, citing relevant case laws, discuss the role played by Indian judiciary in 'constitutionalization' of environmental issues.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) The Speaker's inclination to cater to party loyalties often undermines the dignity and impartiality of the office, eroding public trust in the legislative process. Analyse with the help of recent examples.","10","150"],[9,"2.4 Assess the effectiveness of SEBI in fulfilling its envisaged role of regulating the securities market, ensuring transparency, and protecting investors' interests.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5 The foundational strength of the Indian Constitution stems from its ability to integrate diverse socio-political perspectives. Elucidate.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) Parliamentary committees serve as vital tools for legislative oversight, ensuring accountability and transparency in governance processes. In light of the statement, examine the role of the Public Accounts Committee in establishing financial accountability of the executive.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) Without addressing the issues that hinder the full and effective participation of persons with disabilities in political and public life, the goal of achieving inclusiveness and their empowerment will remain unattainable. Analyze.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) What roles do community-based interventions play in enhancing access to preventive and promotive healthcare services in India?","10","150"],[19,"Q.9) The current composition of the UNSC, with under-representation and un-representation of key regions is detrimental to its legitimacy and effectiveness, underscoring the urgent need for reforms. Elaborate. Also, present a case for India's permanent membership in the UNSC.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10 \"The ongoing internal crisis in Myanmar is impeding India's Act East Policy.\" In light of the statement, discuss the measures taken by India to deal with the crisis and associated challenges.","10","150"],[22,"The efforts taken by India to deal with the crisis;","",""],[23,"Q.11) \"The Basic Structure Doctrine, lauded for safeguarding the core principles of the Constitution against majoritarian impulses, is also criticized for enabling judicial overreach and disturbing the balance of power as envisioned by the Constitution.\" Elaborate.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12 Enumerate the salient features of Representation of People's Act, 1951. In your opinion, what amendments are needed in the Act to further the cause of free and fair elections in light of contemporary challenges.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13) The cooperative nature of Indian federalism is being increasingly challenged by emerging differences in Centre-State relations. Discuss. What steps can be taken to strengthen the cooperative spirit of Indian federalism?","15","250"],[32,"Q.1 Parliamentary privileges are fundamental for lawmakers to discharge their duties without undue influence. However, ensuring the responsible exercise of these privileges is crucial for fostering public trust and ensuring the accountability of public institutions. Analyse.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 The Constitution of India provides several rights that empower the individual yet it balances these freedoms with reasonable restrictions in the larger public interest. Discuss how constitutional restrictions on fundamental rights strike a fine balance between individual interests and societal interests. Also, mention the principles that are considered in evaluating the reasonableness of restrictions with reference case laws.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16) Self-Help Groups (SHGs) can play a crucial role in alleviating rural poverty by providing women with access to microfinance, enabling them to start small businesses and improve their livelihoods. Examine.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17) Despite the implementation of numerous policies and schemes aimed at combating hunger and malnutrition in the country, their effectiveness remains limited. Analyse.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18) The true test of good governance is the degree to which it ensures accountability towards citizens and delivers on the promise of sustainable and inclusive human development. Discuss in the context of challenges to good governance in India.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 As the principal judicial organ of the United Nations, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) provides a judicial mechanism for the peaceful resolution of international disputes. In this context, throw light on the structure and mandate of ICJ. Also, highlight the challenges it faces in fulfilling its mandate.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 Geopolitical shifts pose challenges to India-Russia relations, yet the relationship remains robust, driven by deep-rooted trust and a shared commitment to sustain a multifaceted strategic partnership. Analyse.","15","250"],[54,"When must you seek mentorship?","",""]]},{"i":183,"t":"Animesh Jain","c":"Vision","p":"Essay","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/14e48-1305363_3280_animesh_jain_rank_63.pdf","q":[[12,"So, what is the reason for this paradox of happiness?","",""]]},{"i":185,"t":"Animesh Jain","c":"Vision","p":"GS1","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/a48af-1305363_2713_animesh_jain_rank_63.pdf","q":[[3,"1. Nalanda was not only a center of learning, but also a hub for scholars from across Asia. Comment.","10","Answer in 150"],[5,"2. Domingo Paes, a 16th-century Portuguese traveller, equated Vijayanagara to Rome, highlighting its architectural splendour. What made Vijayanagara the epitome of urbanisation in pre-modern South India? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[7,"3. What were the various ways in which nationalism manifested itself in India after the advent of Mahatma Gandhi? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[9,"4. How did the Emergency (1975-77) impact India's democratic institutions and political landscape? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[11,"5. Identify the major tsunamigenic zones in the Indian Ocean and explain the mechanism of tsunami wave propagation.","10","Answer in 150"],[13,"6. Discuss the factors responsible for the shift of the sugar industry from North to South India.","10","Answer in 150"],[15,"7. What is thermokarst? Analyse its growing relevance in the context of Arctic permafrost thawing and global climate change. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[17,"8. India's slow pace of urbanisation poses significant challenges to its economic and social progress. Examine the factors responsible for this trend. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[19,"9. How does India's diversity influence its democracy? Discuss the initiatives taken to leverage this diversity for national integration.","10","150"],[21,"10. Examine the role of grassroots women's organisations in transforming rural livelihoods and social attitudes.","","150"],[23,"11. Indian folk and tribal arts are vibrant, living traditions that are passed through generations. Discuss the role of women in preserving traditional knowledge and cultural heritage.","15","Answer in 250"],[26,"12. What were the causes and consequences of the Partition of Bengal in 1905? How did it reshape the nationalist strategy in the early 20th century? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[29,"13. How did the \"Century of Humiliation\" (1839-1949) shape modern China's national identity and its approach to foreign relations? Discuss with reference to key events. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[32,"11 Analyze the factors contributing to the concentration of the jute industry in eastern India. Also, discuss the key challenges currently faced by the jute industry. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[35,"15. Enumerate the environmental conditions conducive to the formation of coral reefs. Discuss the major natural and anthropogenic factors responsible for their degradation. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[38,"16. Discuss the factors contributing to the early onset of the monsoon in India. Analyze its socio-economic impacts. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[41,"17. What is Transit Oriented Development (TOD)? Discuss its relevance in addressing urban sprawl, mobility challenges, and inclusive growth in Indian cities.","15","Answer in 250"],[44,"18. Urban poverty in India persists despite high economic growth. What are the structural causes of urban poverty in India? Suggest appropriate measures to address the problem of urban poverty. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[47,"19. Evaluate the implications of rising divorce rates and delayed marriages on the family system in India. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[50,"20. Globalization has brought new opportunities as well as challenges for children in India. Examine. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"]]},{"i":186,"t":"Animesh Jain","c":"Vision","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/bc29d-1305363_2714_animesh_jain_rank_63.pdf","q":[[3,"Q1 Delegated legislation is a pragmatic response to the limitations of the legislature but poses challenges to the separation of powers in India. Examine. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[5,"Q2 How does the federal structure of India differ from that of the United States? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[7,"Q3 The Chief Election Commissioner and other Election Commissioners Act, 2023 has sparked concerns about the erosion of the Election Commission's autonomy. Critically examine. (Answer in 150 words)","70","150"],[9,"Q4 Discuss the key objectives of the e-Courts Project. How does it contribute to enhancing access to justice and improving judicial efficiency in India? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[11,"Q5 Discuss the role of digital platforms in empowering SHGs and enhancing their market linkage and credit access. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[13,"Q6. Analyze the potential of the Institutions of Eminence (IoE) scheme in elevating India's higher education to global standards. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[15,"Q7 While income poverty has declined, nutritional poverty persists in India. How can the present food security interventions of the government be restructured to address this concern holistically? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[17,"Q8 Discuss the significance of the SMILE scheme in addressing the vulnerabilities of transgender persons and beggars in India. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[19,"Q9 Whoever controls the oceans, runs the world. In this context, discuss the shift in India's maritime strategy from SAGAR to MAHASAGAR (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[21,"Q10. Evaluate the role of the India-UK FTA in facilitating greater market access and professional mobility. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[23,"Q11 Examine the role of inter-governmental institutions in facilitating cooperative dialogue and resolving critical governance challenges in India. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[26,"Q12 Despite being an important instrument of legislative initiative, Private Member's Bills rarely become laws in India. Examine the factors responsible for this trend. Also, suggest measures to strengthen the role of Private Members in the legislative process. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[29,"Q13 Discuss the major challenges in effective devolution of funds, functions, and functionaries to the Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) in India. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[32,"Q14 Lok Adalats and Alternate Dispute Resolution mechanisms have improved access to justice but face limitations in delivering substantive justice. Discuss. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[35,"Q15 Critically evaluate the Smart Cities Mission in achieving sustainable urban development and enhancing quality of life in India. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[38,"Q16. Assess the effectiveness of the Right to Information Act, 2005 in ensuring transparency and accountability in governance in the last two decades. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[41,"Q17. Despite progress in healthcare infrastructure and policy reforms, India continues to face critical challenges in the primary healthcare sector. Discuss. (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[44,"Q18 What are the key objectives of the Pradhan Mantri Van Dhan Yojana (PMVDY)? How does the scheme contribute to the economic empowerment of tribal communities in India? Answer in 250 words","15","250"],[47,"Q19 India-Bangladesh relations, once marked by shared history and cultural proximity, are now shaped by strategic calculus, regional competition and shifting domestic politics in both countries. Discuss. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[48,"Relations now shaped by strategic calculus, regional competition and shifting domestic politics:\n1) Bangladesh using China card to hedge against India & Bangladesh joining BRI.\n2) Strengthening Bangladesh-Pakistan ties eg recent meet of Bangladesh-China-Pakistan.\n3) Nationalist/Islamist upsurge in Bangladesh making resolution of contentious teesta issue difficult.\n4) Use of bilateral issues in domestic politics & victimisation of Bangladeshi immigrants has jeopardised ties.\n5) Role of state actors in bilateral ties of West Bengal in Bangladesh teesta issue.","",""],[49,"6) Role of outside powers like USA in domestic politics of Bangladesh\n7) Bangladesh diversifying its ties beyond India asserting its strategic autonomy.","",""],[50,"Q20. Critically examine the effectiveness of the UNSC in addressing contemporary crises related to international peace and security. What reforms are necessary to enhance its credibility and responsiveness? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"]]},{"i":187,"t":"Animesh Jain","c":"Vision","p":"GS3","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/7492c-1305363_3611_animesh_jain_rank_63.pdf","q":[[3,"How does the Unified Lending Interface (ULI) address the longstanding challenges of agricultural credit in India? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[5,"By focusing on creating sustainable livelihoods for members of Self-Help Groups (SHGs), the Lakhpati Didi scheme can become a milestone in women's economic upliftment. Discuss. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[7,"3. What are the key drivers behind the recent changes in cropping patterns across the country? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[9,"4. Mega Food Parks are emerging as job hubs and export engines for agricultural products. Discuss their role in empowering agriculture in India.","10","Answer in 150"],[11,"5. How have advancements in technology improved disaster management in India? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[13,"6. What are the objectives of the CAMPA fund? What are the challenges in its implementation? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[15,"7. Discuss the important contributions of Dr. C.V. Raman to science and technology.","10","Answer in 150"],[17,"8. Web 3.0 signals the next phase of web evolution and is expected to bring forth many new opportunities. Elaborate. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[19,"9. Money laundering poses a significant threat to the global financial system, undermining economic stability and security. In this context, discuss the role of the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) in combating money laundering.","10","150"],[20,"Q1 Role of FATF in combating money laundering:\n1) lays down standards for banks eg KYC norms\n2) capacity building of enforcement agencies eg ED in India\n3) sharing of intelligence across jurisdictions to tackle black money/money laundering\n4) use of grey list and black list to pressurise countries to change laws\n5) provide a standard for anti-money laundering legislations i.e. model laws\n6) work with financial institutions to fix loopholes in systems","",""],[21,"3(c) India's Special Operations Forces (SOF) are integral to achieving national security objectives. In light of this, discuss the role of India's SOF.","10","Answer in 150"],[23,"11. Why is there a need for innovative Public-Private Partnership (PPP) strategies to address the challenges in municipal infrastructure and service delivery in India?","15","Answer in 250"],[25,"12) Private sector brings best case studies from across globe eg China, sponge city model to tackle floods","",""],[26,"12. To what extent has the government aided the MSME sector in realizing its full potential as a powerhouse of the Indian economy? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[29,"Examine the importance of creating quality jobs in the formal sector for achieving better income distribution in India. In this context, discuss the role of expanding the manufacturing sector. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[32,"14. Critically examine the feasibility of implementing a legally guaranteed MSP for all crops across India. What challenges would the government face in ensuring procurement and financial sustainability? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[35,"15. Do you agree that India's port infrastructure has significantly transformed, demonstrating notable improvements in efficiency and competitiveness? Justify your answer.","15","250"],[38,"16. Why is strengthening Community-Based Disaster Management in India crucial for effectively mitigating disasters? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[40,"1) Community aware of local emergency routes and terrain for faster emergency rescue.\n1) Community aware of local emergency routes and terrain for faster emergency rescue.\n11) Making people eyes and ears of disaster management authorities by highlighting loopholes of risky bridge - can collapse.","",""],[41,"17. Plastic pollution is a significant environmental issue in India. Discuss the various mitigation measures to deal with this issue and also the government's initiatives in this regard.","15","250"],[42,"Mitigation measures to deal with this issue:\n1) Replacing plastics with alternatives like jute/coir etc.\n2) Use of technology like FAST PETase enzyme to degrade accumulated plastic.\n3) Disposing plastics using deep well injection or burning with carbon capture and storage.\n4) Removing single use plastics.\n5) Recycling plastics and reusing it in areas like road construction.\n6) Raising awareness among people to reduce reliance on plastics.\n7) Proper collection and segregation of plastic waste for proper disposal.","",""],[44,"8. Stem cell therapy, though, offering promising results for various health issues is fraught with certain concerns. Discuss. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[47,"Discuss the role played by various security agencies covered under Central Armed Police Forces in ensuring internal security and managing trans-border crimes in India. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[49,"8) Tackle human and animal trafficking along Bangladesh border.\n9) Check on organised crime groups operating in border areas based on drugs/trafficking.\n10) Tackle the flow of fake currency notes across borders.\n11) Provide security in high density and vulnerable routes like Amarnath Yatra.\n12) Deployed for along its duty security on festivals, special occasion across country.","",""],[50,"20. How do communication networks like the dark web facilitate cybercrime and terrorism? What steps should India take to address these challenges? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"]]},{"i":184,"t":"Animesh Jain","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/807d5-1305363_3612_animesh_jain_rank_63.pdf","q":[[3,"1. (a) As AI systems become deeply embedded in societal frameworks, it is imperative to ensure their design and deployment prioritize human well-being, equity, and fairness. In this context, what values should guide the development of trustworthy, human-centered AI systems? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[5,"1. (b) Ethical leadership is crucial for fostering good governance, as it emphasizes core values such as justice, accountability, and equity. In the face of diverse and challenging scenarios, how can ethical leadership drive transformative change in governance and decision-making? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[7,"2. (a) Integrity and impartiality are cornerstones of ethical public service, ensuring that decisions are not influenced by personal gains or biases. Upholding these values becomes challenging in situations where external pressures conflict with administrative responsibilities. Examine the importance of integrity and impartiality in civil services. How can a civil servant navigate external pressures to maintain these values while delivering effective governance? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[9,"2. (b) Transparency is not just a tool to combat corruption but a fundamental practice that upholds the integrity and legitimacy of public institutions. Examine the above statement with suitable examples.","10","150"],[11,"3 Given below are three quotations of great thinkers. What do each of these quotations convey to you in the present context?\n3 (a) \"He who is not contented with what he has would not be contented with what he would like to have\" - Socrates (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[13,"3. (b) \"Cultivation of mind should be the ultimate aim of human existence\" - Dr. B.R. Ambedkar (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[15,"3. (c) \"The true measure of a man is how he treats someone who can do him absolutely no good.\" - Samuel Johnson (Answer in 150 words)","","150"],[17,"4. (a) Examine the role of social media in shaping moral and political attitudes in contemporary society. Suggest guiding principles for fostering responsible and ethical social media usage.","10","150"],[19,"4. (b) While Emotional Intelligence (EI) can be a powerful tool for strengthening interpersonal relationships and achieving goals, its misuse raises ethical concerns of manipulating emotions for personal or political advantage. Discuss the dual-edged nature of EI in this context.","10","Answer in 150"],[21,"5. (a) Preventive measures play a crucial role in curbing corruption in the long run. In this context, what are the existing preventive mechanisms that aim to prevent corruption? Do you think similar mechanisms should be institutionalized at the organizational level to ensure greater accountability and transparency? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[23,"5. (b) A public servant's primary duty is to recognise the importance of public interest and ensure that it is upheld. How can a public servant balance professional responsibilities while ensuring the public good is effectively served? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[25,"6. (a) With the increasing role of the corporate sector in wealth generation and employment, ethical governance has become essential. Identify and discuss the ethical principles that should guide the corporate sector to ensure the interests of stakeholders and societal well-being. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[27,"6 (b) How does whistleblowing influence trust and accountability in governance? Analyse the ethical dilemmas involved in whistleblowing. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[29,"7. In the following questions, carefully study the cases presented and then answer the questions that follow (in around 250 words):\n(a) इस प्रकरण में शामिल प्रमुख हितधारकों की पहचान कीजिए और उनके संबंधित हितों का विश्लेषण कीजिए।\n(b) आर्थिक विकास, पर्यावरणीय संवेदनशीलता और जनजातीय अधिकारों के बीच संतुलन बनाने में अधिकारी द्वारा सामना की जाने वाली नैतिक दुविधाओं पर चर्चा कीजिए। (उत्तर 250 शब्दों में दीजिए)","","around 250"],[30,"(a) Identify the key stakeholders involved in the case and analyze their respective interests.\n(b) Discuss the ethical dilemmas faced by the officer in balancing economic development, environmental sustainability, and tribal rights. (Answer in 250 words)\na) Identify the key stakeholders involved in the case and analyze their respective interests.\nb) Discuss the ethical dilemmas faced by the officer in balancing economic development, environmental sustainability, and tribal rights. (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[32,"(b) Ethical dilemmas faced by officers\na. tribal rights vs economic growth\nb. growth vs environment sustainability\nc. utilitarianism vs tribal dignity\nd. Following rules vs using discretion","",""],[34,"8 Akshay, a junior officer in the Public Works Department (PWD), is part of the bid evaluation committee for a prestigious government contract to construct a large public hospital in a major city. During the evaluation, he observes that one of the leading bidders has strong connections to a senior politician's family. Despite the bidder's history of substandard construction work and project delays, several committee members appear to favor this bidder.\nUpon reviewing internal documents, Akshay uncovers evidence suggesting that the bidder's technical credentials have been exaggerated in the evaluation reports. Simultaneously, a more qualified construction company, with a smaller scale but a better track record, has been overlooked. Akshay is concerned that awarding the contract to the politically connected bidder would endanger public safety and lead to wasteful expenditure of taxpayer money.\nDespite his ethical concerns, Akshay fears that raising the issue may lead to retaliation from senior officials, potentially jeopardizing his career and standing within the department. He is thus caught in a moral conflict between his duty to the public and personal job security.\n(a) Identify and analyze the ethical issues involved in the case.\n(b) Discuss the possible courses of action available to Akshay. What would be the most ethical and appropriate course of action in this situation? Justify your response. (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[35,"(a) Ethical issues and analysis","",""],[37,"2. Recommend most qualified company for project merit\na) upheld objectivity in decision making.\nb) discharged my duty as conscientious public servant.\nc) safeguard public safety.\nd) political pressure feeding & tearing of job in PWD.","",""],[39,"(a) Identify the ethical dilemmas faced by Ishita in handling the misinformation crisis.\n(b) What should be Ishita's course of action in balancing freedom of speech, public order, and government directives? Justify your response.\n(c) What steps can be taken to prevent misinformation during natural disasters? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[41,"(c) 1 steps to prevent misinformation during disasters:\n1. surveillance on social media platforms - ensure immediate takedown of false information\n2. Appraise companies (social media) of repercussions of misinformation and seek their cooperation.\n3. proactive information and fact check cell to report factual and correct versions.\n4. flagging false news on social media by replying / answering with true facts","",""],[43,"10 As a Quality Control Officer at the India unit of a multinational corporation (MNC), you uncover a serious ethical issue—products sold in India are of inferior quality compared to those in developed countries, potentially compromising consumer safety. When you escalate the issue to the Head of Quality Control, he dismisses your concerns, justifying the discrepancy by stating that different markets follow different standards. He further warns that exposing the issue could lead to job losses, possible closure of the India unit, and your own termination. You now face a personal and professional dilemma. On one hand, your father is critically ill, and as the sole earning member, losing your job could jeopardize his treatment. On the other hand, staying silent would mean compromising professional integrity and endangering consumer safety.\n(a) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\n(b) What are the options available to the Quality Control Officer to address this issue?\n(c) What responsibilities do corporations have towards consumers in different markets?","","Answer in 250"],[46,"(c) Responsibility of corporations to consumers :-","",""],[48,"11. You are the District Magistrate of a district renowned as the hub for coaching centres specializing in engineering and medical entrance exams. Recently, the district has witnessed a tragic rise in student suicides, with five students in the age group of 15-18 years taking their own lives. These students, who came from various parts of the country, sought admission to prestigious institutions like IITs and AIIMS but were subjected to immense academic and social pressure. The coaching centres, which are largely managed by influential political figures from the ruling party, are reported to have prioritized rankings and revenue generation over the well-being of students.\nThe institutes are said to categorize students into high-performing and low-performing batches, creating additional stress. Many of these students, living in paying guest accommodations or hostels, face isolation, emotional strain, and mental health challenges. Moreover, investigations have uncovered the emergence of a black market for performance-enhancing drugs among students who, under extreme pressure, resort to unethical means to improve their academic standing.\n(a) Highlight the stakeholders involved and discuss the associated ethical issues in the given case.\n(b) Given the situation, what will be your course of action as the District Magistrate?\n(c) Discussing the various reasons for the increasing number of suicides among students, suggest long-term measures to address this issue. (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[52,"(c) Reasons for increasing suicides and measures:","",""],[53,"12. (a) Identify the key stakeholders involved in the case and analyze their respective interests.\n(b) Discuss the ethical dilemmas faced by Priya in balancing urban development, heritage conservation, and the rights of local communities. (Answer in 250 words)\na) Identify the key stakeholders involved in the case and analyze their respective interests.\nb) Discuss the ethical dilemmas faced by Priya in balancing urban development, heritage conservation, and the rights of local communities. (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"]]},{"i":939,"t":"Animesh Pradhan","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Skd0q-Fsc2jCQ9vAvOtIZ1OcmowtbPgq/view","q":[[6,"1. (a) For effective corporate governance to take place in the coming years, why is it important to integrate the ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) metrics with the multi-stakeholder approach? What benefits can be accrued by such integration? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[8,"1. (b) In acts of corruption, the focus is often only on the demand side of the equation, on public officials who abuse their office for private gain. Frequently, the supply side is given less attention. Those who pay bribes are sometimes depicted as innocent parties and victims of extortionary practices of wily public servants. Do you agree that 'collusive corruption', in which there is a willing bribe-giver, is a formidable challenge for institutions fighting corruption?","10","150"],[10,"2. (a) The Citizens' Charters initiative was a response to the quest for solving the problems, which a citizen encountered, day in and day out, while dealing with the organisations providing public services. But the introduction and implementation of Citizens' Charters in the government of India has been difficult due to the old bureaucratic set up and the rigid attitudes of the work force. Discuss the major obstacles that have been encountered in implementing the Citizens' Charter initiative.","10","150"],[12,"2. (b) Quality of public service delivery is a major determinant of the quality of life of vulnerable sections in a highly unequal society divided along the lines of class, caste, religion, etc. In this background, do you think that public service delivery is efficient and sufficient enough to improve the lives of vulnerable groups in India? Critically examine.","10","150"],[14,"3 (a) What do each of the following quotations mean to you?\n(a) \"The wise man does not lay up his own treasures. The more he gives to others, the more he has for his own.\" - Lao Tzu (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"3. (b) \"If ethics are poor at the top, that behavior is copied down through the organization.\" - Robert Noyce (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[18,"3. (c) \"The end of law is not to abolish or restrain, but to preserve and enlarge freedom.\" - John Locke (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[20,"4. (a) Wealthy CEOs and founders of successful businesses around the world are increasingly pledging to give away their wealth in philanthropy. Do you think that such a move is sufficient enough to bring about a positive change in the society? Critically examine.","10","150"],[22,"4. (b) As organizations across the globe begin their artificial intelligence (AI) transformation, the leap into the AI era is expected to be more challenging than any technology that businesses have grappled with yet. In this background, discuss the concerns around fairness, transparency, and job security that may arise. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[24,"5. (a) The emphasis of Swami Dayanand Saraswati on education, social equality, and ethical values continues to influence the socio-cultural discourse in contemporary India. Discuss with suitable examples. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[26,"5. (b) Write short notes on the following in 30 words each :\n(i) Dedication to public service\n(ii) Non-partisanship in civil service\n(iii) Objectivity in decision-making","2 x 5 = 10","30 words each"],[28,"6. (a) Emotional intelligence may not be singularly associated with emotions or intelligence. It can also include a broad range of personality characteristics that might predict success in professional and everyday life. Discuss.","10","150"],[30,"6. (b) Traditional forms of state-led accountability, also characterised as vertical and horizontal channels of accountability, are increasingly found to be inadequate, and a myriad of multi-stakeholder and bottom-up citizen directed approaches have come to the fore, to supplement or supplant them. Discuss with illustrations.","10","150"],[32,"7 In the context of this case, answer the following:\n(a) What are the issues involved in this case?\n(b) What measures can be taken to reduce the negative impacts of such technologies? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[33,"With reference to this case study, answer the following:\n(a) What are the issues involved in this case?\n(b) What measures can be taken to minimize the negative implications of adopting such technologies? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[35,"b Measures to be taken to minimise the negative implications of adopting such technology :","",""],[37,"8 दी गई स्थिति में:\n(a) रीना को किन दुविधाओं का सामना करना पड़ रहा है?\n(b) उसके पास क्या विकल्प हैं? प्रत्येक के गुण और दोष बताइए।\n(c) उसके द्वारा अपनाई जाने वाली कार्रवाई को रेखांकित कीजिए, साथ ही उसका औचित्य सिद्ध कीजिए।","","250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए"],[38,"In the given situation:\n(a) What dilemmas does Rina face?\n(b) What options does she have? Provide the merits and demerits of each.\n(c) Highlight the course of action she should adopt, along with justification for the same.","20","Answer in 250"],[42,"9 You have recently been posted as a Nodal Education Officer in one of the districts, where mass cheating in examinations is a regular phenomenon. Media reports have shown parents and relatives scaling school walls and buildings to pass answer chits to students taking secondary school examinations in the district. Moreover, with the advent of new technological devices, cheating in examinations has become more sophisticated and exam rules are flouted openly. On investigation, it has come to your notice that these rackets are run by many school authorities, including exam invigilators who are mostly teachers, and they are hand in glove for profits. With a shortage of staff, invigilators threaten go on mass strikes if any action is taken. Conducting the exams, cancelling them on account of cheating and having re-exams are a loss of time and money for the government and this vicious cycle goes on.\n\nAs the Nodal Education Officer of the district, address the following questions:\n(a) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\n(b) How will you resolve the issues in the given case?\n(c) What long-term strategy needs to be adopted to deal with the menace of cheating in various examinations? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[47,"10 उपयुक्त जानकारी के संदर्भ में, निम्नलिखित पर ध्यान दीजिए:\n(a) प्रस्तुत प्रकरण में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दे कौन-से हैं?\n(b) महासागरों की संधारणीयता पर प्रतिकूल प्रभाव डाले बिना किसी राष्ट्र के आर्थिक विकास के दृष्टिकोण को कैसे प्राप्त किया जा सकता है? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250"],[48,"In the context of the above-stated information, address the following:\n(a) What are the ethical issues in the given case study?\n(b) How can the vision of economic development of a nation be achieved without adversely affecting the sustainability of oceans? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[52,"11 (a) आप एक जिला मजिस्ट्रेट हैं और यह क्षेत्र आपके क्षेत्राधिकार में आता है। दोनों पक्षों के लोग अपनी शिकायतें लेकर आपके पास आए हैं। आप दोनों दृष्टिकोणों में सामंजस्य स्थापित करने के लिए क्या करेंगे?\n(b) कार्रवाई के निम्नलिखित संभावित तरीकों के गुण और दोषों का उल्लेख कीजिए:\n(1) क्षेत्र के निवासियों के विरोध को नजरअंदाज करना और धार्मिक पूजा स्थल को मौजूदा नियमों के अनुसार बनाने की अनुमति दे देना।\n(2) नए पूजा स्थल पर भरोसा करने वाले हजारों उपासकों को निराश करते हुए, निवासियों से सहमत होकर निर्माण पर रोक लगा देना।\n(3) एक समझौते के रूप में, आपके द्वारा पूजा स्थल पर भवन निर्माण संबंधी अतिरिक्त नियमों को लागू किया जाना या डिजाइन में संशोधन पर बल दिया जाना। (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250 शब्दों में"],[53,"(a) You are a District Magistrate and the area lies in your jurisdiction. People from both sides have approached you with their grievances. What would you do to reconcile the two points of view?\n(b) Mention the merits and demerits of the following potential courses of action:\n(1) Ignore the opposition from the residents of the area and allow the place of religious worship to be built in accordance with the existing regulations.\n(2) Prohibit the construction, agreeing with the residents while causing distress among the thousands of worshippers counting on the new place of worship.\n(3) As a compromise, you place additional building regulations on the worship place or insist on modifications to the design. (Answer in 250 words)\na) You are a District Magistrate and the area lies in your jurisdiction. People from both sides have approached you with their grievances. What would you do to reconcile the two points of view?\nb) Mention the merits and demerits of the following potential courses of action:\n(1) Ignore the opposition from the residents of the area and allow the place of religious worship to be built in accordance with the existing regulations.\n(2) Prohibit the construction, agreeing with the residents while causing distress among the thousands of worshippers counting on the new place of worship.\n(3) As a compromise, you place additional building regulations on the worship place or insist on modifications to the design.","20","250"],[57,"2 इस स्थिति को देखते हुए, निम्नलिखित का उत्तर दीजिए:\n(a) उपर्युक्त प्रकरण में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दे कौन-से हैं?\n(b) एक पिता और एक महत्वाकांक्षी राजनीतिज्ञ के रूप में आपके पास उपलब्ध विभिन्न विकल्प क्या हैं?\n(c) आपकी कार्रवाई का तरीका क्या होगा? उचित तर्क सहित पुष्टि कीजिए। (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250 शब्दों में"],[58,"Given this situation, answer the following:\n(a) What are the ethical issues in the above situation?\n(b) What are the various options that you have, as a father and an ambitious politician?\n(c) What will be your course of action? Justify with proper reasoning. (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"]]},{"i":188,"t":"Anindya Pandey","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2025,"r":158,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/ANINDYA-PANDEYUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-158-Sample-MGP-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) Rising influence of money power in Indian elections poses a serious challenge to transparency, fairness, and democratic accountability. How can ethical electoral funding be ensured to maintain the integrity of democracy?","10","150"],[5,"b) Explain the key dimensions of ethics that influence human behaviour. How do these dimensions shape ethical decision-making in private life?","10","150"],[7,"Q.2) a) \"Academic freedom is the bedrock of scholarly inquiry and intellectual progress.\" Examine the ethical issues that arise when educational institutions yield to political, social, or economic pressures and compromises academic freedom.","10","150"],[8,"1 What needs to be done?\n1 Ensure independence of higher education institution\n2 Ensure regular funding\n3 Collaborate with leading global institutes\n4 Focus on critical thinking & develop a questioning attitude\n5 Industry - Academia - Government linkage","",""],[9,"b) Fortitude enables a civil servant to make difficult yet morally right decisions. Explain with reference to real-life examples.","10","150"],[11,"Q.3 Given below are the three quotations of great thinkers. What do each of these quotations convey to you in the present context?\na) \"When learning is purposeful, creativity blossoms. When creativity blossoms, thinking emanates. When thinking emanates, knowledge is fully lit. When knowledge is lit, the economy flourishes.\" - Abdul Kalam","10","150"],[13,"b) “The difference between what we do and what we are capable of doing would suffice to solve most of the world's problems.” - Mahatma Gandhi","10","150"],[15,"c) \"Love and compassion are necessities, not luxuries. Without them, humanity cannot survive.\" - Dalai Lama","10","150"],[17,"Q.4) a) What do you understand by the term 'probity in governance'? Explain how probity acts as the foundation of ethical public administration.","10","150"],[19,"b) \"Starvation must not be used as a weapon of war.\" Yet, parties involved in conflicts often resort to the blockade of food and medical aid to civilians in conflict zones, deepening the humanitarian crisis. Powerful nations, despite their capacity to intervene, tend to prioritise strategic interests over humanitarian concerns. What ethical considerations should guide powerful nations in preventing such actions and ensuring unimpeded humanitarian access?","10","150"],[21,"Q.5) a) What teachings of Mahavira are most relevant today and why? Discuss.","10","150"],[23,"b) \"In contemporary times, social media platforms have emerged as powerful agents in shaping individual and societal attitudes.\" Do you agree with this view? Justify your answer.","10","150"],[25,"Q.6) a) What do you understand by the 'voice of conscience'? In what ways can you prepare yourself to listen to the voice of conscience?","10","150"],[27,"b) Effective utilisation of public funds is not merely an administrative requirement but a moral responsibility of those entrusted with public office. However, instances of funds allocated to government schemes lying idle or being diverted towards extraneous purposes continue to be reported across the country. Examine the reasons for under-utilization and mis-utilization of public funds and their implications.","10","150"],[29,"Q.7 A rail overbridge (ROB) is being planned in the capital city of a central Indian state. The project aims to reduce traffic congestion and ease delays at railway crossings, which affect thousands of daily commuters. It had been a long-standing demand of local residents, and the government approved it to address persistent traffic bottlenecks in the area. The project is to be executed by the State Public Works Department (PWD), with a strict completion deadline of one year i.e. 31st July 2026. The PWD Minister, who is also the local MLA, is scheduled to inaugurate the project in the third week of August 2026. This is planned to take place shortly before the expected announcement of state elections. Ramesh has been selected as the project manager of this prestigious assignment on the basis of his professional competence and experience.\n\nWhile reviewing the approved design plans in preparation for execution, Ramesh identifies a serious flaw. The proposed alignment includes a sharp 90-degree turn, incorporated due to spatial constraints between an electrified railway line on one side and ongoing metro construction on the other. From a technical standpoint, Ramesh believes the design is unsafe. It increases the risk of vehicular accidents, especially for heavy vehicles, and may lead to long-term inconvenience for road users.\n\nRamesh promptly raises the issue with the Chief Engineer. However, the Chief Engineer overrules the concern. He states that the General Arrangement Drawing (GAD) has already been approved by the Bridge Engineering Department, in coordination with Indian Railways. He points out that revisiting the design at this stage shall result in project delays, increased expenditure, and unwanted political attention.\n\nSubsequently, Ramesh comes to know that the contractor awarded the tender to execute the project is a close relative of the PWD Minister. He also receives unofficial communication suggesting that his promotion to Additional Chief Engineer is under active consideration, but could be jeopardised if he creates “unnecessary hurdles” in the project’s timely completion.\n\nThe incumbent state government is eager to complete the overbridge before the elections and present it as a major developmental achievement. This adds to the pressure on Ramesh to expedite project execution without raising further objections. Nonetheless, he remains convinced that the current design is flawed and could have grave implications for public safety if left unaddressed.\n\nMeanwhile, the bridge design has also attracted widespread public attention after being published in a leading local newspaper. Images of the sharp 90-degree turn went viral on social media, drawing criticism and ridicule. Several engineering experts have publicly flagged the alignment as a potential safety hazard, reinforcing Ramesh’s concerns.\na) Under the given conditions, what are the options available to Ramesh as a project manager?\nb) What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by Ramesh?\nc) What are the professional challenges likely to be faced by Ramesh and his response to overcome such challenges?","20","250"],[30,"a) दी गई परिस्थितियों में, एक परियोजना प्रबंधक के रूप में रमेश के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं? b) रमेश को किन नैतिक दुविधाओं का सामना करना पड़ रहा है? c) रमेश को किन व्यावसायिक चुनौतियों का सामना करना पड़ सकता है तथा ऐसी चुनौतियों पर नियंत्रण पाने के लिए उसकी क्या प्रतिक्रिया होनी चाहिए?\na) दी गई परिस्थितियों में, एक परियोजना प्रबंधक के रूप में रमेश के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\nb) रमेश को किन नैतिक दुविधाओं का सामना करना पड़ रहा है?\nc) रमेश को किन व्यावसायिक चुनौतियों का सामना करना पड़ सकता है तथा ऐसी चुनौतियों पर नियंत्रण पाने के लिए उसकी क्या प्रतिक्रिया होनी चाहिए?","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[34,"Q.8) Srushti is a young and dynamic IPS officer, posted as Assistant Superintendent of Police (ASP) in a communally sensitive district. Her husband, Arjun, is an IAS officer and posted as Sub-Divisional Magistrate (SDM) in the same district. Both are honest, sincere and deeply committed to their work. They have a daughter who is just four months old, and is looked after by a domestic helper. Srushti resumed duty just two weeks ago after six months of maternity leave.\nAt 9 PM on Saturday night, Srushti is in her office reviewing the security arrangements with her team for an upcoming local festival. The situation in the area has been tense throughout the week due to a flare-up between two communities over a petty issue. Around 9:30 PM, she gets a call from the Superintendent of Police. He asks her to prepare a detailed law and order brief for a high-level meeting the next morning.\nSrushti reaches home at 10 PM, feeling exhausted. She has not been getting proper sleep during the week due to frequent night patrolling. Arjun also returns around the same time after a long day in the field. Their daughter has been unwell and cried through most of the previous night. Arjun expresses concern about Srushti's heavy workload and the baby's condition. He tells her that she can not keep pushing herself like this and that the child needs more of her attention. Srushti replies that she cannot afford to step back. She adds that people are already judging her and questioning her commitment to work for availing maternity leave. The conversation gradually turns into an argument. Arjun feels Srushti is ignoring her health and family, while Srushti feels judged and unsupported.\nLater that night, as Srushti sits at her desk preparing the report, she pauses and reflects on the purpose of her work. She had joined the IPS to serve the people and protect the vulnerable. But now, she wonders if she is being fair to her own child and family. Even as recently as last week, she had to cancel the family dinner as she had to attend an urgent meeting at the SP office. She also feels the weight of expectations. Male officers with children are rarely questioned. But as a new mother, she is constantly under scrutiny. Many in the department believe that women, especially new mothers, are not suitable for field duty.\nSrushti starts thinking about her options. She knows that whatever decision she makes will not only impact her own future but also influence the expectations placed on other working mothers in uniform.\na) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\nb) Evaluate the options available to Srushti in the above situation.\nc) What suggestions would you make to help officers like Srushti maintain a healthy work-life balance.","20","250"],[35,"a) उपर्युक्त मामले में नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं?\nb) उपरोक्त स्थिति में सृष्टि के लिए उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन करें।\nc) सृष्टि जैसे अधिकारियों को स्वस्थ कार्य-जीवन संतुलन बनाए रखने में मदद करने के लिए आप क्या सुझाव देंगे?","20 अंक","250 शब्द"],[39,"Q.9) A reputed Indian beauty & personal care company developed a herbal skin cream for the international market, claiming anti-ageing and skin-repair properties based on traditional Ayurvedic formulations. After obtaining the necessary approvals and export certifications, the company began exporting the product. The product received widespread positive feedback for its quality and natural formulation, and soon became a huge hit in international markets. Riding on this success, the company announced that the product would soon be made available to domestic consumers, with almost the same quality and health benefits.\n\nSubsequently, it secured approval from the domestic regulatory authority and launched the product in the Indian market. Over time, the brand gained a significant share of the domestic market and earned substantial revenues both nationally and internationally.\n\nHowever, during a random sample check, officials discovered that the cream sold in India differed from the version approved by the competent authority. The product failed to meet the claimed herbal composition and purity standards. Further investigation revealed that the company had often been distributing batches that had failed export quality checks.\n\nThe incident triggered widespread public criticism and regulatory scrutiny, leading to a sharp decline in the company’s reputation and financial performance.\na) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the case.\nb) What actions should the competent regulatory authority take against the personal care company for violating domestic quality standards and distributing rejected export batches in the Indian market?\nc) What course of action is available to the company to manage the crisis and restore public trust and brand credibility?","20","250"],[43,"Q.10 A forest fire has broken out in a hilly district and is rapidly spreading toward an eco-sensitive area that includes four villages (ESA villages). These villages lie along the forest fringe and are surrounded by difficult terrain. The region is known for its biodiversity and traditional forest-based livelihoods. The inhabitants of these villages are mostly poor tribal communities, dependent on forest resources for their sustenance.\nYou, as the District Magistrate of the area, have rushed to the spot with a medical team, police personnel, NGOs, media, and support staff to oversee the rescue and containment operations. Your disaster response team on the ground is small and poorly equipped. Reinforcements from the district headquarter have been requested, but they may take several hours to arrive due to the remoteness and challenging terrain.\nIn the meantime, a group of trained ex-forest guards and local youth from the villages offer to help. They are experienced and familiar with the area. However, existing government rules do not permit the engagement of unofficial personnel in fire control operations without formal clearance and insurance coverage.\nYour team members are divided on this issue. Some members argue that volunteers should be engaged immediately to prevent the fire from spreading. Others caution that involving them without proper approval and safety cover could be risky and against protocol.\nAs the District Magistrate, you are also the Chairperson of the District Disaster Management Authority (DDMA). The fire is spreading at a very rapid rate, and immediate action is required to protect lives, property, and the environment. You are now in a dilemma.\na) What are the options available to you?\nb) Critically evaluate each of the options identified by you.\nc) What option would you adopt and why?\nd) What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by you?","20","250"],[44,"a) Options available & b) their critical evaluation","",""],[47,"Q.11) In one of the government primary schools located in a rural block of a district, the newly appointed headmistress observed an unusual practice. The school had been preparing and serving mid-day meals separately to students belonging to different communities. Although the meals were cooked using a common gas connection, separate utensils, cooking areas, and serving arrangements had been in place for more than two decades. Students from the two communities had their food cooked and served by different cooks and ate in separate classrooms, despite attending classes together.\nAfter taking charge, the headmistress decided to discontinue this practice. She directed that food be prepared and served together for all students, using a common kitchen and utensils. However, the decision triggered backlash. A considerable number of parents across communities vehemently opposed the move and stopped sending their children to school. Consequently, attendance fell by almost 60 percent. This also raised concerns regarding the possible discontinuation of the mid-day meal scheme, withdrawal of teaching staff, and even closure of the school due to falling enrolment.\nThe issue has attracted attention from various political and social groups attempting to further polarise the situation and serve their vested interests.\nMarpi Apang, the District Education Officer (DEO), has been tasked by the Deputy Commissioner's office to amicably resolve the matter at the earliest. She has also been directed to submit a detailed report along with the Action Taken Report within a fortnight.\na) Identify the ethical issues involved in this case.\nb) What course of action should Marpi adopt and why?\nc) What should be the responsibilities of different social segments and agencies to create positive social ambiance for accepting such changes?","20","250"],[52,"Q.12 You are a Municipal Commissioner of a tier-2 city experiencing rapid urban expansion. Several high-rise residential and commercial buildings are under construction in the city to meet the growing demand for housing. One such luxury residential complex is being built, employing hundreds of daily-wage labourers, many of whom live in temporary settlements at the construction site. Late one night during the monsoon season, a large section of scaffolding and concrete slabs collapses from the upper floors of one of the under-construction buildings. Seven labourers, including two minors, die on the spot. Several others are critically injured and rushed to the hospital. The tragic incident results in public outrage, intense media scrutiny, and protests by a local NGO. The state government orders a formal inquiry and directs you to submit a report within a week. Your preliminary investigation reveals a series of irregularities. The construction material used is substandard and not in accordance with the National Building Code. Although the approved plan permits construction of fifteen floors, the builder has illegally added two extra floors. Moreover, the structure has encroached on land demarcated for a community park and a fire service lane under the city's Zonal Development Plan. These violations are not reported during site inspections conducted by the building inspector of the municipal corporation. The building clearance was granted during the tenure of your predecessor, who is not only your batchmate but also a close friend. Both of you were roommates during your training at LBSNAA. Prima facie, the case appears to involve a widespread nexus between officials of the Municipal Corporation and the builder. Your colleagues are putting pressure on you to go slow in the inquiry. Some of them suggest that holding the builder accountable could damage the city's image among investors and slow down urban development. Meanwhile, you come to know that the builder is the younger brother of a powerful minister in the state cabinet. One evening, his personal aide visits you privately. He suggests that the matter could be \"mutually settled\" and offers you a premium apartment worth ₹2 crore in the same residential complex. In the same breath, he hints that if the matter is not resolved swiftly in the builder's favour, someone in his office is prepared to file a complaint against you under the SC and ST (Prevention of Atrocities) Act.\na) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the case.\nb) What are the options available to you in this situation?\nc) Explain your selected course of action.","20","250"],[53,"a) मामले में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा करें।\nb) इस स्थिति में आपके पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\nc) अपनी चुनी हुई कार्यवाही का विवरण दीजिए।","","20 अंक"]]},{"i":189,"t":"Anjali Thakur","c":"Nextias","p":"GS1","y":null,"r":43,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/93393beb2b7e996905ce7ea7f8b78443/2/air-43-thakur-anjali-ajay_test-5_gs1.pdf","q":[[6,"1. How did the ancient trade routes connecting India to foreign countries contribute to the exchange and dissemination of culture?","10","Answer in 150"],[8,"2. The Quit India movement was a people's movement cutting across the class divides but it was the women's leadership that left a clear mark. Analyse.","10","150"],[10,"3. 'The hallmark of post-independent India has been its remarkable strides in science and technology'. To what extent did scientific development during this period put India on the path of modernity?","10","150"],[12,"4. Discuss the feasibility of Interlinking rivers to resolve the issue of water stress in other regions.","10","150"],[14,"5. How will the structural shift from coal-based power plants to renewable energy generation impact human development in coal-bearing states?","10","150"],[16,"6. To what extent temperature and precipitation are the most important factors that determine soil properties?","10","150"],[18,"7. Why are severe and intense cyclones becoming a regular phenomenon in the Arabian Sea? Substantiate with examples.","10","150"],[20,"8. In the context of cultural diversity in India, can we consider Southern states as distinct cultural units in comparison to the rest of India? Substantiate your view.","10","150"],[22,"9. Poverty and population growth are locked in a vicious cycle, where poverty restricts individuals' ability to break free from the cycle, while population growth strains resources. Discuss.","10","150"],[24,"10. India has a rich heritage in the internationalization of education. In this context how will the recent push for the 'internationalization of education' impact society and foster cultural exchange?","10","Answer in 150"],[26,"11. 'Although there were many differences between the Gandhara and Mathura art, they considerably influenced the Amravati school of art.' Elaborate.","15","250"],[29,"15 'England's Industrial Revolution not only transformed the economic landscape but also had far-reaching social and cultural impacts'. Discuss.","15","250"],[32,"13. How did the social reform and ideological struggle against the backward traditional elements and hegemony of colonial culture in the nineteenth century influence the emergence of a distinct cultural identity and national consciousness?","15","250"],[35,"4. How does temperature inversion affect atmospheric conditions and what are its implications for local weather patterns and air pollution levels?","15","250"],[38,"15. What are the geographical factors responsible for mangrove vegetation in India? How does climate change pose a threat to mangrove vegetation in India?","15","250"],[41,"6. What are the geographical and economic factors that influence the location of the sugar industry, and how do they contribute to the growth of the industry in India and different parts of the world?","15","250"],[42,"How contribute to growth of industry?","",""],[44,"17. What are the key strategies used in dryland farming to overcome water scarcity and maximize agricultural productivity in arid and semi-arid regions? Also, discuss the need to promote dryland farming in India.","15","Answer in 250"],[47,"18. How has the contemporary women's movement encompassed diverse approaches beyond traditional methods? Also, highlight the unique contribution and challenges of the contemporary women's movement.","15","250"],[50,"19. Do you think that the forces of modernization that catalyzed the eradication of social evils in Indian society have also threatened our cultural values and ethos?","15","Answer in 150"],[53,"20. In the context of states in India evaluate the relationship between regional disparity and sentiments of regionalism. Is regionalism antagonistic to the idea of nationalism?","15","Answer in 150"]]},{"i":190,"t":"Anjali Thakur","c":"Nextias","p":"GS1","y":null,"r":43,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/93393beb2b7e996905ce7ea7f8b78443/3/air-43-thakur-anjali-ajay_test-1_gs1.pdf","q":[[5,"Q1 The fabric of Indian philosophical thought owes as much to Northern India as to Southern India. Elucidate.","10","Answer in 150"],[7,"Q.2 The Indian society's impulse for social change and reform was a response to its opposition to colonial rule. Examine.","10","150"],[9,"Q.3 What are the factors that led to the Russian revolution and what are the consequences of this revolution? Discuss its influence on the Indian national movement.","10","150"],[11,"Q.4 Discuss the various factors responsible for the uneven temperature distribution on Earth's surface.","10","150"],[13,"Q.5 The melting of glaciers due to climate change has serious implications for the ecosystem and human society. Discuss the effects of melting glaciers on the environment and the measures that can be taken to address this issue.","10","150"],[15,"Q.6 The White Revolution was most successful in the Western part of India. Discuss the factors for this regional success of the White Revolution.","10","150"],[17,"Q.7 To what extent does seismic investigation contribute to our understanding of the Earth's interior structure? Analyze its significance in detail.","10","150"],[19,"2.8 The pace of demographic transition varies across different states of India making population growth a double-edged sword. Comment. (Answer in 150 words) 10 Marks","10","150"],[21,"9 The ethnic and cultural diversity in India has always been bound by the thread of unity. Discuss the major factors that have contributed to the cultural unity of India.","10","150"],[23,"Q.10 The dichotomy in public and private life in Indian society acts as a major barrier to the annihilation of caste. Justify.","10","150"],[25,"Q.11 India was forced into numerous wars post Independence. Highlight the causes and impact of the Indo-Pak and Indo-China wars on our bilateral relationships.","15","Answer in 250"],[28,"Q.12 The process of consolidation of Bengal, which started after the Battle of Plassey culminated in the Battle of Buxar. Do you think the Battle of Buxar was more important for the British than Plassey?","15","Answer in 250"],[31,"13 Sanskrit literature in general and particularly in the Guptan age set a high watermark for the literary history of ancient India. Discuss.","15","250"],[34,"Q.14 The configuration of the ocean floor provides essential information about the geological processes that have shaped the Earth's surface. Discuss the major features of the ocean floor and their significance in the study of oceanography.","15","Answer in 250"],[37,"Q15 With the growing demand for rare earth elements, their distribution has become a critical aspect of the global economy. Discuss the distribution of rare earth elements across the world, their uses, and the environmental impact of their extraction.","15","250"],[40,"Q.16 Tourism in the hilly states is threatening to exceed the ecological carrying capacity of the region. Analyze the factors contributing to this trend and evaluate the potential Environmental impacts of this phenomenon. What measures can be taken to ensure sustainable tourism in these states?","15","250"],[43,"Q.17 The Indian monsoon is a complex phenomenon influenced by various climatic factors. Critically examine the role of oceanic and atmospheric factors in determining the intensity and distribution of monsoon rainfall in India.","15","250"],[46,"Q.18 Why do traditions in our society impede change? To what extent can social legislation be instrumental against old customary practices?","15","250"],[49,"Q.19 Slums are not 'problems' that have to be 'solved' - but are indeed a result of lopsided and vested urban policies covering infrastructure provision and socio-economic issues. Analyse.","15","Answer in 250"],[52,"Q.20 Communalism gains strength from economic deprivation, and thrives in environments of social exclusion, creating fertile ground for discontent and division. Comment.","15","250"]]},{"i":192,"t":"Anjali Thakur","c":"Nextias","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":43,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/ee21bf4c91767f03906ea17bc7230b10/134/air-43-thakur-anjali-ajay_test-6_gs2.pdf","q":[[6,"1. \"Interstate border disputes, if not promptly and impartially settled, can transform into persistent issues that impede development and generate friction\". Highlighting the constitutional and legal framework to resolve interstate disputes, explain why Independent India has failed to resolve inter-state border disputes.","10","150"],[8,"2. Examine the role of the Inter-state Council in promoting vertical (Centre-State) and horizontal (Inter-State) Intergovernmental cooperation and coordination.","10","150"],[10,"3. Discuss the key function of the Public Accounts Committee (PAC). What steps should be taken to revamp the Public Accounts Committee (PAC) in order to enhance its effectiveness as a true guardian of public funds?","10","150"],[12,"4. Recognizing the pivotal role of urbanization as a driver of national economic growth, the Fifteenth Finance Commission has suggested major reforms for Urban Local Bodies. Evaluate the recommendations put forward by the Fifteenth Finance Commission in promoting and revitalizing ULBs in India.","10","150"],[14,"5. Highlight the key differences in the scope of Freedom of speech and expression as provided under Parliamentary privileges vis a vis Fundamental rights. Why is it necessary to maintain a balance between parliamentary privilege and fundamental rights?","10","Answer in 150"],[16,"6. Civil society organizations, play a pivotal role in fostering \"collective private action for the public good\". What challenges do they face in local resource mobilization (LRM) and corporate funding through corporate social responsibility (CSR)? Also, suggest measures.","10","Answer in 150"],[18,"7. The first step to eradicating poverty is reliable poverty assessment for program design, implementation, and monitoring. In this context discuss the methodology and significance of NITI Aayog's National Multidimensional Poverty Index.","10","150"],[20,"8. In the context of India, despite the presence of constitutional provisions, legal precedents, and international commitments that establish a robust foundation for a right to health, why has there been a lack of explicit legal recognition of this right?","10","Answer in 150"],[22,"9. The collective strength of BRICS nations allows for meaningful cooperation on myriad issues, however, the platform's ability to influence the trajectory of bilateral relationships remains limited. Do you agree?","10","150"],[24,"10. In light of the recent demands to amend the Indus Waters Treaty, discuss the possible implications it could have on the water-sharing mechanism between India and Pakistan.","10","150"],[26,"11. The doctrine of Parliamentary sovereignty and judicial supremacy has exerted considerable influence in shaping the constitutional frameworks of India and the USA. Citing relevant case laws discuss the role of the judiciary in influencing the constitutions in these countries. Is the scope of judicial review wider in India?","15","Answer in 250"],[29,"2. Delimitation of seats is essential to ensure fair representation and uphold the principles of one vote, one value'. Highlighting the challenges posed by misrepresentation in constituencies analyze the ramifications of population-based delimitation in creating federal tension.","15","250"],[32,"13. Discuss the role of the Supreme Court of India in strengthening the hands of the Election Commission in the discharge of its constitutional responsibility of conducting free and fair elections in the country.","15","250"],[35,"4. 'The declining role of Parliament undermines the fundamental principle of separation of powers, as it diminishes the legislature's ability to serve as a check on the executive branch and ensure a balanced exercise of power.' Discuss.","15","250"],[36,"How declined role leads to lack of SoP?\n1 A vacuum created -> filled by judiciary -> judicial activism (eg Vishakha Guidelines)\n2 Reduced role of check & balance - Parliament + Executive (Art 75 - responsible to legislature) -> Judiciary (Removal of judges)\n3 Tyranny of Executives (eg frequent executive orders - ordinances without effort to getting it passed)\n4 Ordinance raj if dysfunction parliament","",""],[38,"15. Discuss the crucial role played by the National Commission of Women in shaping the discourse on gender-sensitive laws in India. To what extent the elevation of the National Commission for Women to a constitutional body would reinforce its authority?","15","Answer in 250"],[41,"6. Satisfactory and timely redressal of grievances is the cornerstone of 'minimum government, maximum governance.' In this context discuss the challenges associated with current grievance redress mechanisms and suggest measures to strengthen the process.","15","250"],[44,"17. 'Corruption corrodes the fabric of governance, eroding the public's faith in democratic institutions.' Examine the potential for harmonizing the Right to Information (RTI) Act, the Whistleblower Protection Act (WBPA), and the Lokpal & Lokayukta Act, 2013, to enhance the effectiveness of the anticorruption regime.","15","250"],[47,"15 Analyze the potential challenges and benefits involved in leveraging SHGs as platforms for skill development, entrepreneurship, and income generation among marginalized communities to effectively counter poverty.","15","250"],[50,"19. 'India is uniquely positioned on the world map for its rich culture.' In this context discuss the role of culture, diaspora, and democracy as instruments of India's soft power diplomacy. To what extent India has been able to position itself as a 'smart power'?","15","Answer in 250"],[53,"1 The synergy of shared values and vibrant people-to-people connections between India and Australia creates a fertile ground for fostering long-lasting trade relations and strategic collaboration between the two nations. Analyse.","15","Answer in 250"]]},{"i":191,"t":"Anjali Thakur","c":"Nextias","p":"GS3","y":null,"r":43,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/ee21bf4c91767f03906ea17bc7230b10/126/air-43-thakur-anjali-ajay_test-7_gs3.pdf","q":[[6,"1. Elaborate on the difference between Capital Account and Current Account as components of Balance of Payment (BOP). Suggest a few measures to balance the BOP deficit of India.","10","150"],[8,"2. The logistics sector is one of the important components of the growth of the manufacturing industry. Discuss. Also, mention various components of the recently announced National Logistics Policy 2022.","10","150"],[10,"3. What is India's stand on the New Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies under WTO? How is the Fisheries sector significant for India? Enumerate the steps taken by the Government to develop this sector.","10","Answer in 150"],[12,"4. Analyze the systemic and institutional constraints that continue to hinder land reform efforts in India and propose pragmatic solutions to ensure equitable distribution of land.","10","150"],[14,"5. What are the unique features and capabilities of the BrahMos supersonic cruise missile, and how has it contributed to India's defence capabilities and strategic position in the region?","10","Answer in 150"],[16,"a In line with the country's efforts to explore the depths of the ocean and harness the resources it holds, the Indian government has proposed a deep-sea exploration mission Samudrayaan. How can this mission contribute to the advancement of ocean science and technology in the country?","10","150"],[18,"7. What is Global Methane Pledge? Do you think the Global Methane Pledge is a positive step toward mitigating methane emissions? Explain India's stance on this issue.","10","150"],[20,"8. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of disaster management in public health. Discuss the key strategies and challenges for managing pandemics and other infectious disease outbreaks.","10","150"],[22,"9. \"The resource curse of Eastern and Central India has been a crucial driver of LWE\". Elaborate and suggest measures for sustainable and inclusive development of the region.","10","150"],[24,"10. In light of the declining trend of violence in the North East and J&K region do you think that AFSPA has lived its utility? Comment.","10","150"],[26,"11. International trade is centred on the dominant currency paradigm (DCM). Critically Analyze the importance of Hard currency in International trade and Discuss the potential of rupee acceptance in global trade as an alternative to dollar imperialism.","15","250"],[29,"12. A demographic Dividend does not ensure growth; it only generates potential. Discuss the steps made by the government to take advantage of the opportunities presented by the demographic transition.","15","Answer in 250"],[31,"3) Service sector\n3) Promoting tourism (PRAJHAD scheme)\n3) more formal educational training\n3) challenges exist\n3) How will demography get absorbed?","",""],[32,"13. 'Genome editing holds immense potential for crop improvement, but it also raises ethical and safety concerns'. How far do the new guidelines for the safety assessment of genome-edited plants in India, ensure the safety of genetically modified crops?","15","Answer in 250"],[35,"14 Discuss the impact of direct and indirect farm subsidies on the agriculture sector in India. How have Minimum Support Prices (MSP) affected the agricultural economy?","15","Answer in 250"],[38,"15. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a rapidly escalating crisis that poses a grave threat to public health worldwide. What are the major contributing factors to the growing problem of antimicrobial resistance, and what steps can be taken to address this global health threat?","15","Answer in 250"],[39,"what steps needed?\n1 fixed combined doses in case of TB where 6-7 tablets are to be taken causes compliance burden.\n2 FCD will make it one tablet easy to take regularly.","",""],[41,"10 What do you understand by Disruptive Innovations? What are some examples of disruptive innovation in recent times, and how have they changed the way industries operate?","15","250"],[44,"17. Trace the evolution of the Loss and Damage fund, What are the major development related to loss and damage funds in COP 27?, What are the commitments made by India in this conference?","15","Answer in 250"],[47,"Disaster management is not just about responding to emergencies but also about building resilient communities. Discuss the key strategies that can be used to build community resilience and reduce the impact of disasters.","15","250"],[50,"19. The transformation of terrorism through the use of new and emerging technologies like metaverse and virtual assets is a matter of concern. How can we counter the Use of New and Emerging Technologies for Terrorist Purposes and Elucidate the importance of the \"Delhi declaration\" in this regard?","15","Answer in 250"],[51,"7 How can we counter this?\n1 through strict legal frameworks\n2 creating a task force to have oversight on it\n3 international collaborations\n4 frequent conferences and meeting","",""],[53,"Q.0 \"The Agnipath scheme is a bitter pill needed for the resilience and efficacy of our armed forces.\" Critically Analyze the statement with relevant arguments.","15","250"]]},{"i":193,"t":"Anjali Thakur","c":"Nextias","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":43,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/ee21bf4c91767f03906ea17bc7230b10/139/air-43-thakur-anjali-ajay_test-8_gs4.pdf","q":[[6,"1. (a) \"The State took taxes from the people only to ensure their prosperity in return like the sun takes moisture from the earth only to give it back in thousandfold measure.\" Kalidasa.\n\nExplain the Indian concept of \"giving it back\" and its relevance as a guiding value for civil servants.","10","150"],[8,"(b) Public service takes place in a bureaucratic structure with clear lines of authority, value standardization, and accountability mechanisms. Working within such a structure, what do you think are the influences that impact the public servant's ethical decision-making?","10","150"],[9,"What influence/impact public servants ethical decision making?","",""],[10,"2 (a) What do you understand by the terms 'ethics' and 'integrity'? Do you think they are interrelated? Explain with examples the relationship between ethics and integrity in the context of public administration.","10","150"],[12,"(b) What do you understand by the terms ethical behavior' and 'emotionally intelligent behavior'? Identify the relevant emotional intelligence components that act as a reliable guide to ethical behavior.","10","150"],[14,"1 (a) \"To achieve a good life, duty is not sufficient, one needs to develop one's sympathetic feelings for others, and neither duty alone nor good will alone are sufficient to be moral.\" Do you agree with the above statement? Justify your position.","10","Answer in 150"],[16,"(b) Developing a Scientific temper, innovative mindset, and civic-conscious citizens are major objectives of higher educational institutions. Can higher educational institutions be instrumental in promoting integrity education among youth to establish a public culture of integrity and a corruption-free political culture? If yes, how?","10","Answer in 150"],[18,"4. Explain the meaning of the following quotations and discuss their contemporary relevance.\n(a) The senses deceive from time to time, and it is prudent never to trust wholly those who have deceived us even once. (Answer in 150 words) 10 Marks","10","150"],[19,"why not to trust completely?\n1 Against the principle of person who upholds integrity; Accountability\n2 Lack of objectivity defines relationship and if trust is broken - its difficult to reestablish.","",""],[20,"(b) \"The price good men pay for indifference to public affairs is to be ruled by evil men.\"","10","150"],[22,"(c) \"Men must have corrupted nature a little, for they were not born wolves, and they have become wolves.\" (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[24,"5. (a) As professionals, civil servants are career focused and are also self-interested. At the same time, their service ethos imposes an obligation to serve the public interest selflessly. Is it possible for a civil servant to reconcile career and service obligation? Explain your position.","10","150"],[26,"(b) \"While competence without compassion can be brutal and inhumane; similarly, compassion without competence can be meaningless for persons seeking help.\" Explain the above with the help of a suitable illustration in the context of public services.","10","150"],[28,"6. (a) Does the suffering of individuals in one part of the world generate moral demands of assistance on those foreigners who live far away from them? Are these moral demands of assistance justified? Can governments be held morally responsible for failing to help the international community in times of deprivation? Discuss.","10","Answer in 150"],[29,"Is it justified?","",""],[30,"(b) Civil Services ethics has everything to do with management. It is as much a Departmental as a personal issue. Leaders who fail to create systems that facilitate ethical conduct are equally to blame as much as those who indulge in ethical misconduct. Do you think the Departmental culture leads to ethical misconduct or is the individual with weak willpower culpable? Discuss.","10","150"],[32,"2 You are posted as a District Development officer in a district with a low literacy rate and poor health indicators. As you took charge, your Health Secretary had given express instructions that your priority is to improve health indicators by enhancing the delivery of healthcare services.\n\nAfter taking over, you traveled around the district to study and identify ways of improving healthcare services. During your field trip, you discovered that the issue was not the accessibility of services; it was something else. You found the problem was the myths, misconceptions, and malpractices that hindered the uptake of health care services. For instance, people believed that vaccines caused impotence, immunization was equivalent to birth control, using antenatal care was counterproductive to the health of the mother and baby, and so on.\n\nYou realize that these beliefs were the behavioral barriers that stood in the way of health and nutrition services. And these behavioral barriers made it difficult for front-line workers to reach out.\n\nYou discussed your observations with the Health Secretary, and he advised you to seek inputs from the neighboring district DDO who was doing some good work. When you met with the neighboring DDO, you learned he was experimenting with using the Faith leader's influence and reach to persuade people. You were unsure about roping in faith leaders to help you overcome the behavioral barriers. As a civil servant, you felt it would be a mistake to involve faith leaders in health service schemes. When you shared your apprehensions with the Secretary, he firmly instructed you to try and innovate.\n(a) What are the issues involved in the above case?\n(b) What are the advantages and disadvantages of using Faith leaders as influencers and persuaders?","20","250"],[33,"(c) and (d) (c) If not faith leaders, what are your other options for breaking the behavioral barriers?\n(d) Do you think it is ethically right for a civil servant to involve faith leaders in promoting government schemes? (Answer in 250 words) 20 Marks","20","250"],[37,"(a) What are the issues involved in the above case?\n(b) What are the action options available to you?\na) What are the issues involved in the above case?\nb) What are the action options available to you?","",""],[38,"(d) What do you understand by dignity? Distinguish between human and social dignity? Identify the common dignity violations that one notices in government departments.","20","Answer in 250"],[42,"9. (a) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case? (50 words) 5 marks\n(b) Ethically analyze the company's position on paying damages and justify why/why not the company should be liable for damages. (120 words) 10 marks.\n(c) What do you understand by the term moral responsibility? When do you think a person or an entity becomes morally responsible for actions committed or omitted? (80 words) 5 marks\na) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case? (50 words) 5 marks\nb) Ethically analyze the company's position on paying damages and justify why/why not the company should be liable for damages. (120 words) 10 marks.\nc) What do you understand by the term moral responsibility? When do you think a person or an entity becomes morally responsible for actions committed or omitted? (80 words) 5 marks","",""],[47,"(a) उपरोक्त मामले में कौन से नैतिक मुद्दे और दुविधाएँ शामिल हैं? (b) आपके पास कौन से विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं? (c) विकल्पों का विश्लेषण करने के बाद अपनी चुनी हुई कार्रवाई का चयन करें। (d) उपरोक्त मामले में आपकी नैतिक प्रेरणा क्या होनी चाहिए? क्या यह कर्तव्य, दायित्व या परिणाम होना चाहिए?\na) उपरोक्त मामले में कौन से नैतिक मुद्दे और दुविधाएँ शामिल हैं?\nb) आपके पास कौन से विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\nc) विकल्पों का विश्लेषण करने के बाद अपनी चुनी हुई कार्रवाई का चयन करें।\nd) उपरोक्त मामले में आपकी नैतिक प्रेरणा क्या होनी चाहिए? क्या यह कर्तव्य, दायित्व या परिणाम होना चाहिए?","20 अंक","250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए"],[48,"(a) What are the ethical issues and dilemmas involved in the above case?\n(b) What are the options available to you?\n(c) Select your chosen course of action after analyzing the options.\n(d) What must be your moral motivation in the above case? Should it be duty, care, or consequences?","20","Answer in 250"],[52,"11. You are a young police officer undergoing field training along with some of your batchmates. You and Vikas are spending two weeks in a police station learning the nitty gritty and nuances of field-level policing. Every day there was something new to learn.\n\nOne afternoon the Station received a distress call from a beat constable working the wholesale market beat. A quarrel had broken out between two groups of traders and which soon turned violent. He tried intervening with his colleague, but they failed to keep things in control. Some traders turned against the constables and started beating them with iron rods. The call came in when one of the constables had taken severe blows to the head, and he needed emergency attention.\n\nA team rushed to the spot to help and take charge of the situation. By the time the team reached, the miscreants had fled the scene. The injured constable was rushed to the hospital in a very precarious condition. A team reached the spot and assessed the situation. By then the miscreants had fled. The constable was taken to hospital in a critical condition. The police station was in turmoil and the police team was determined to catch the culprits. The arrested miscreants were kept in custody overnight and were to be produced in court the next day. You and Vikas saw some senior police officers beating the miscreants to teach them a lesson and keep other police personnel away from the miscreants. This continued for several hours. One of the miscreants was shivering badly due to a history of heart disease and was taken to hospital and survived. The incident was reported to the headquarters.\n\nDuring interrogation, all present at the police station were called for questioning. Everyone present said that the miscreants were beaten but no more than a few slaps and nothing else. You and Vikas informally requested to downplay the incident. Vikas was calm but you felt that the truth was being compromised. You are thinking whether the police is for security, custody security or the abuse of service values. You are under stress and thinking about options.\n(a) Which ethical issues are involved in the above case?\n(b) According to you, what should be done with police personnel who follow principles, obedience and discipline in the above case and why? Argue.\n(c) According to you, what priority should be given in civil service, impartiality towards the department, or impartiality towards your decisions and service values? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[53,"(a) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\n(b) What do you think principle-oriented and rule-abiding police personnel must do in the above case? Why? Justify\n(c) What do you think must assume priority in civil service, loyalty to the department, or being impartial and non-partisan in your decisions and service values?","20","Answer in 250"],[57,"(a), (b), (c) (a) उपरोक्‍त मामले में कौन-कौन से मुद्दे शामिल हैं ?\n(b) क्या आप प्रवासी भारतीयों की मदद के बजाय अर्थनीति को प्राथमिकता देने के राजदूत के रूप से सहमत हैं? अगर हाँ तो क्यों, अगर नहीं तो क्यों नहीं?\n(c) दायित्व, परिणामवाद और कर्तव्य के बीच, आपके अनुसार भारतीय विदेश नीति का मार्गदर्शन करने के लिए उपयुक्त परिप्रेक्ष्य क्या है? तर्क दीजिए।\na) उपरोक्‍त मामले में कौन-कौन से मुद्दे शामिल हैं ?\nb) क्या आप प्रवासी भारतीयों की मदद के बजाय अर्थनीति को प्राथमिकता देने के राजदूत के रूप से सहमत हैं? अगर हाँ तो क्यों, अगर नहीं तो क्यों नहीं?\nc) दायित्व, परिणामवाद और कर्तव्य के बीच, आपके अनुसार भारतीय विदेश नीति का मार्गदर्शन करने के लिए उपयुक्त परिप्रेक्ष्य क्या है? तर्क दीजिए।","20 अंक","250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए"],[58,"(a) What are the issues involved in the above case?\n(b) Do you agree with the Ambassador's position of prioritizing economics over helping the diaspora? Why/why not?\n(c) Among Care, Consequentialism, and Duty, what do you think is the appropriate perspective to guide Indian Foreign policy? Justify.\na) What are the issues involved in the above case?\nb) Do you agree with the Ambassador's position of prioritizing economics over helping the diaspora? Why/why not?\nc) Among Care, Consequentialism, and Duty, what do you think is the appropriate perspective to guide Indian Foreign policy? Justify.","20","Answer in 250"]]},{"i":940,"t":"Anjali Thakur","c":"Nextias","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1imZz8T2RCRDoKRxMwZ85JCVb99xNkE02/view","q":[[6,"1. (a) \"The State took taxes from the people only to ensure their prosperity in return like the sun takes moisture from the earth only to give it back in thousandfold measure.\" Kalidasa.\n\nExplain the Indian concept of \"giving it back\" and its relevance as a guiding value for civil servants.","10","150"],[8,"(b) Public service takes place in a bureaucratic structure with clear lines of authority, value standardization, and accountability mechanisms. Working within such a structure, what do you think are the influences that impact the public servant's ethical decision-making?","10","Answer in 150"],[9,"What influence/impact public servants ethical decision making?","",""],[10,"2 (a) What do you understand by the terms 'ethics' and 'integrity'? Do you think they are interrelated? Explain with examples the relationship between ethics and integrity in the context of public administration.","10","150"],[12,"(b) What do you understand by the terms ethical behavior' and 'emotionally intelligent behavior'? Identify the relevant emotional intelligence components that act as a reliable guide to ethical behavior.","10","150"],[14,"1 (a) \"To achieve a good life, duty is not sufficient, one needs to develop one's sympathetic feelings for others, and neither duty alone nor good will alone are sufficient to be moral.\" Do you agree with the above statement? Justify your position.","10","Answer in 150"],[16,"Developing a Scientific temper, innovative mindset, and civic-conscious citizens are major objectives of higher educational institutions. Can higher educational institutions be instrumental in promoting integrity education among youth to establish a public culture of integrity and a corruption-free political culture? If yes, how?","10","Answer in 150"],[18,"4. Explain the meaning of the following quotations and discuss their contemporary relevance.\n(a) The senses deceive from time to time, and it is prudent never to trust wholly those who have deceived us even once. (Answer in 150 words) 10 Marks","10","150"],[20,"(b) \"The price good men pay for indifference to public affairs is to be ruled by evil men.\"","10","150"],[22,"(c) \"Men must have corrupted nature a little, for they were not born wolves, and they have become wolves.\" (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[23,"How they have become wolves?","",""],[24,"5. (a) As professionals, civil servants are career focused and are also self-interested. At the same time, their service ethos imposes an obligation to serve the public interest selflessly. Is it possible for a civil servant to reconcile career and service obligation? Explain your position.","10","150"],[26,"(b) \"While competence without compassion can be brutal and inhumane; similarly, compassion without competence can be meaningless for persons seeking help.\" Explain the above with the help of a suitable illustration in the context of public services.","10","150"],[28,"6. (a) Does the suffering of individuals in one part of the world generate moral demands of assistance on those foreigners who live far away from them? Are these moral demands of assistance justified? Can governments be held morally responsible for failing to help the international community in times of deprivation? Discuss.","10","Answer in 150"],[29,"Is it justified?","",""],[30,"(b) Civil Services ethics has everything to do with management. It is as much a Departmental as a personal issue. Leaders who fail to create systems that facilitate ethical conduct are equally to blame as much as those who indulge in ethical misconduct. Do you think the Departmental culture leads to ethical misconduct or is the individual with weak willpower culpable? Discuss.","10","150"],[32,"7 You are posted as a District Development officer in a district with a low literacy rate and poor health indicators. As you took charge, your Health Secretary had given express instructions that your priority is to improve health indicators by enhancing the delivery of healthcare services.\n\nAfter taking over, you traveled around the district to study and identify ways of improving healthcare services. During your field trip, you discovered that the issue was not the accessibility of services; it was something else. You found the problem was the myths, misconceptions, and malpractices that hindered the uptake of health care services. For instance, people believed that vaccines caused impotence, immunization was equivalent to birth control, using antenatal care was counterproductive to the health of the mother and baby, and so on.\n\nYou realize that these beliefs were the behavioral barriers that stood in the way of health and nutrition services. And these behavioral barriers made it difficult for front-line workers to reach out.\n\nYou discussed your observations with the Health Secretary, and he advised you to seek inputs from the neighboring district DDO who was doing some good work. When you met with the neighboring DDO, you learned he was experimenting with using the Faith leader's influence and reach to persuade people. You were unsure about roping in faith leaders to help you overcome the behavioral barriers. As a civil servant, you felt it would be a mistake to involve faith leaders in health service schemes. When you shared your apprehensions with the Secretary, he firmly instructed you to try and innovate.\n(a) What are the issues involved in the above case?\n(b) What are the advantages and disadvantages of using Faith leaders as influencers and persuaders?","20","250"],[33,"(c) and (d) (c) If not faith leaders, what are your other options for breaking the behavioral barriers?\n(d) Do you think it is ethically right for a civil servant to involve faith leaders in promoting government schemes? (Answer in 250 words) 20 Marks","20","250"],[37,"(a) What are the issues involved in the above case?\n(b) What are the action options available to you?\na) What are the issues involved in the above case?\nb) What are the action options available to you?","",""],[38,"(d) What do you understand by dignity? Distinguish between human and social dignity? Identify the common dignity violations that one notices in government departments.","20","Answer in 250"],[42,"9 (a) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case? (50 words) 5 marks\n(b) Ethically analyze the company's position on paying damages and justify why/why not the company should be liable for damages. (120 words) 10 marks.\n(c) What do you understand by the term moral responsibility? When do you think a person or an entity becomes morally responsible for actions committed or omitted? (80 words) 5 marks\na What are the ethical issues involved in the above case? (50 words) 5 marks\nb Ethically analyze the company's position on paying damages and justify why/why not the company should be liable for damages. (120 words) 10 marks.\nc What do you understand by the term moral responsibility? When do you think a person or an entity becomes morally responsible for actions committed or omitted? (80 words) 5 marks","",""],[47,"(a) उपरोक्त मामले में कौन से नैतिक मुद्दे और दुविधाएँ शामिल हैं? (b) आपके पास कौन से विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं? (c) विकल्पों का विश्लेषण करने के बाद अपनी चुनी हुई कार्रवाई का चयन करें। (d) उपरोक्त मामले में आपकी नैतिक प्रेरणा क्या होनी चाहिए? क्या यह कर्तव्य, दायित्व या परिणाम होना चाहिए?\na) उपरोक्त मामले में कौन से नैतिक मुद्दे और दुविधाएँ शामिल हैं?\nb) आपके पास कौन से विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\nc) विकल्पों का विश्लेषण करने के बाद अपनी चुनी हुई कार्रवाई का चयन करें।\nd) उपरोक्त मामले में आपकी नैतिक प्रेरणा क्या होनी चाहिए? क्या यह कर्तव्य, दायित्व या परिणाम होना चाहिए?","20 अंक","250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए"],[48,"(a) What are the ethical issues and dilemmas involved in the above case?\n(b) What are the options available to you?\n(c) Select your chosen course of action after analyzing the options.\n(d) What must be your moral motivation in the above case? Should it be duty, care, or consequences?","20","Answer in 250"],[52,"11. You are a young police officer undergoing field training along with some of your batchmates. You and Vikas are spending two weeks in a police station learning the nitty gritty and nuances of field-level policing. Every day there was something new to learn.\n\nOne afternoon the Station received a distress call from a beat constable working the wholesale market beat. A quarrel had broken out between two groups of traders and which soon turned violent. He tried intervening with his colleague, but they failed to keep things in control. Some traders turned against the constables and started beating them with iron rods. The call came in when one of the constables had taken severe blows to the head, and he needed emergency attention.\n\nA team rushed to the spot to help and take charge of the situation. By the time the team reached, the miscreants had fled the scene. The injured constable was rushed to the hospital in a very precarious condition. A team reached the spot and assessed the situation. By then the miscreants had fled. The constable was taken to hospital in a critical condition. The police station team arrested some miscreants but some were still missing. The arrested miscreants were kept in custody overnight and presented in court the next day. That night you and Vikas saw some senior police officers beating the miscreants to teach them a lesson and keep other police personnel away from the miscreants. This continued for several hours. One of the miscreants was shivering badly due to a history of heart disease and mild stroke. He was taken to hospital and survived. The incident was reported to the headquarters.\n\nDuring interrogation, all present at the police station were called for questioning. Everyone present said that the miscreants were only slapped and not beaten. You and Vikas informally requested them to admit the truth but they refused. You think about whether police security is for custody security and what happened is misconduct and against service values. You are under stress and thinking about options.\n(a) Which ethical issues are involved in the above case?\n(b) According to you, what should be done with police personnel who follow principles, discipline and rules in the above case and why? Give reasons.\n(c) According to you, what priority should be given in civil service, impartiality towards department, or impartiality towards your decisions and service values? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[53,"(a) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\n(b) What do you think principle-oriented and rule-abiding police personnel must do in the above case? Why? Justify\n(c) What do you think must assume priority in civil service, loyalty to the department, or being impartial and non-partisan in your decisions and service values?\na) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\nb) What do you think principle-oriented and rule-abiding police personnel must do in the above case? Why? Justify\nc) What do you think must assume priority in civil service, loyalty to the department, or being impartial and non-partisan in your decisions and service values?","20","Answer in 250"],[57,"(a) उपरोक्‍त मामले में कौन-कौन से मुद्दे शामिल हैं ?\n(b) क्या आप प्रवासी भारतीयों की मदद के बजाय अर्थनीति को प्राथमिकता देने के राजदूत के रूप से सहमत हैं ? अगर हाँ तो क्यों, अगर नहीं तो क्यों नहीं ?\n(c) दायित्व, परिणामवाद और कर्तव्य के बीच, आपके अनुसार भारतीय विदेश नीति का मार्गदर्शन करने के लिए उपयुक्त परिप्रेक्ष्य क्या है ? तर्क दीजिए।\na) उपरोक्‍त मामले में कौन-कौन से मुद्दे शामिल हैं ?\nb) क्या आप प्रवासी भारतीयों की मदद के बजाय अर्थनीति को प्राथमिकता देने के राजदूत के रूप से सहमत हैं ? अगर हाँ तो क्यों, अगर नहीं तो क्यों नहीं ?\nc) दायित्व, परिणामवाद और कर्तव्य के बीच, आपके अनुसार भारतीय विदेश नीति का मार्गदर्शन करने के लिए उपयुक्त परिप्रेक्ष्य क्या है ? तर्क दीजिए।","20 अंक","250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए"],[58,"(a) What are the issues involved in the above case?\n(b) Do you agree with the Ambassador's position of prioritizing economics over helping the diaspora? Why/why not?\n(c) Among Care, Consequentialism, and Duty, what do you think is the appropriate perspective to guide Indian Foreign policy? Justify.\na) What are the issues involved in the above case?\nb) Do you agree with the Ambassador's position of prioritizing economics over helping the diaspora? Why/why not?\nc) Among Care, Consequentialism, and Duty, what do you think is the appropriate perspective to guide Indian Foreign policy? Justify.","20","Answer in 250"]]},{"i":197,"t":"Ankit Jarwal","c":"Forumias","p":"GS1","y":2025,"r":205,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/ANKIT-JARWALUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-205-Sample-MGP-Copy-4.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) Why has public bathing been a recurring practice across cultures and societies? Discuss with examples.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Estimate the contributions of Chalukyas of Badami to Indian heritage and culture.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3 Mahatma Gandhi and Dr. B.R. Ambedkar had contrasting philosophies and approaches on caste and social reform. Examine.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) What factors can be attributed to the rising incidents of Glacial Lake Outburst Floods (GLOFs) in the Himalayan region? Discuss with examples.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5 \"Migration is a vital livelihood strategy for rural households in developing countries like India.\" Elucidate.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) Bring out the interdependence between physical and chemical weathering with suitable examples.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) Discuss how social media is reshaping identity formation and self-worth among adolescents in contemporary Indian society.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) The disproportionate preference for government jobs in certain Indian states is not merely a matter of personal aspiration. Analyze.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9 Explain the significance of population education in light of India's status as the world's most populous nation.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10) Globalization has infused Indian festivals with commercial elements, while also helping preserve and popularize them in new ways. Do you agree? Justify your answer.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11 India has a rich tradition of diverse dance forms, encompassing both classical and folk styles. Illustrate how they reflect the country's rich spiritual, cultural, and social life.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12) The third decade of the 20th century witnessed the emergence of new forces and ideological currents that influenced the character of the Indian national movement. Elaborate.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13) Analyse the circumstances that led to Simla Agreement in 1972. Discuss the significance of the agreement.","15","250"],[30,"Significance of Shimla agreement","",""],[32,"Q.14 \"The Vietnam War was a proxy conflict rooted in the ideological rivalry of the Cold War.\" Comment.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 Discuss the concept of isostasy and explain its role in shaping Earth's major landforms.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16) The Indian Ocean is warming at an alarming rate. How may it affect the food security of India?","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 Describing the distribution of sugarcane producing countries, examine the major environmental challenges associated with its cultivation.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 The richness and diversity of Indian society find vivid expression in the unique culture of its tribal communities. Elucidate.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 Why is it essential to focus on health in the context of urban planning and reforms? How can this be achieved?","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 Analyze the socio-cultural factors contributing to the high attrition rate among women in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) careers in India. Suggest measures to improve their retention in STEM.","15","250"]]},{"i":194,"t":"Ankit Jarwal","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2025,"r":205,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/ANKIT-JARWALUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-205-Sample-MGP-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1 \"India's democratic roots are deeply embedded in its ancient civilizational ethos.\" Discuss in the context of India being referred to as the 'Mother of Democracy'.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Elucidate the significance of tiger and elephant figures in Indian mythology, art and architecture.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3 The arrival of Lord William Bentinck marked a period of transformation in the British Indian State. Discuss.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4 Explain how the American War of Independence deprived Great Britain of one empire, but it strengthened the foundations of another.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5 What are Rare Earth Elements (REEs)? Discuss the multi-dimensional implications of uneven distribution of REEs in the world.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) Highlight the salient differences between the Himalayan and the Peninsular drainage Systems.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) Describe the nature and mode of origin of the main types of rock at the earth's crust.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8 The alienation of modern lifestyles from nature has contributed to the ongoing environmental crisis in India. Examine.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9 What do you understand by the term 'urbanisation of poverty'? Also, explain how urban poverty differs from rural poverty in India?","10","150"],[21,"Q.10) Globalization has redefined the idea of community and kinship in Indian society. Do you agree? Justify your answer.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11) The flourishing of various art forms during the Kushana period reflects the rich and diverse cultural landscape of the time. What insights does this provide into the socio-cultural aspects of that era?","15","250"],[26,"Q.12) Trace the events that led to the Civil Disobedience Movement. What were its outcomes?","15","250"],[29,"Q.13) Mahatma Jyotirao Phule's reformist ideas played a significant role in shaping the social foundations of the Indian freedom movement. Elaborate.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 The interlinking of rivers offers several benefits, but also raises significant socio-economic and environmental concerns. Analyze.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 Explain the concept of rain shadow effect. How does it influence the distribution of precipitation and vegetation across mountain ranges?","15","250"],[38,"Q.16) Bring out the major features of the Indian monsoon and elaborate upon its causative factors.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 What are the geographical factors responsible for the growth of mangrove vegetation in India? Also highlight its role in coastal ecology.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 To what extent can the rise of 'Kidfluencers' be seen as a reflection of changing family structures and parental aspirations in Indian society?","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 Women often form the backbone of grassroots movements in India, yet they remain largely invisible and excluded from the decision-making process. Examine.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20) Do you agree with the view that social media is a 'double edged sword'? Discuss in the context of its impact on Indian society.","15","250"]]},{"i":195,"t":"Ankit Jarwal","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2025,"r":205,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/ANKIT-JARWALUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-205-Sample-MGP-Copy-2.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1 To what extent, in your opinion, have the ideals of the Preamble been realised in the country's 75-year constitutional journey?","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) The evolution of property rights in India reflects an intricate relationship that exists between individual rights and public welfare. Discuss this statement with the help of relevant constitutional provisions and case laws.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3 Under what conditions can the 'National' Emergency be proclaimed by the President of India? What are the consequences when such a proclamation remains in force? When was it last imposed in the country?","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) 'Lack of a binding framework for pre-legislative consultations in India limits citizen engagement in the lawmaking.' Propose measures to strengthen the role of public consultation in the legislative process.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5 'The recommendations of the 15th Finance Commission have enabled the States to improve their fiscal conditions.' Comment.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) In what ways do industry and business associations contribute to socio-economic development in the country? Explain with suitable examples.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7 \"India's poverty lies in the eyes of the beholder.\" In light of this statement, examine the need for a credible and periodically updated poverty estimation framework in the country.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8 The Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act, 2012 falls short of achieving its intended objectives. Comment.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9 'Starved of funds, shackled by geopolitics, WHO is facing a crisis of capacity and credibility.' Discuss the statement in the light of USA's withdrawal and its accusation of the health body of being 'biased towards China and mishandling the COVID-19 pandemic'.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10 The world continues to operate in a ‘my terrorist’ versus ‘your terrorist’ paradigm. Explain. What strategies would you suggest to develop a unified, comprehensive, and rules-based global approach to tackle the menace of terrorism?","10","150"],[23,"Q.11 Briefly explain the procedure laid down in the Representation of the People Act (RPA), 1951 for the registration of political parties with the Election Commission of India (ECI). What are Registered Unrecognised Political Parties (RUPPs)? What concerns are associated with them? Does the ECI have powers to de-register a political party?","15","250"],[26,"Q.12) Assess the role of NITI Aayog over the past decade in promoting cooperative and competitive federalism.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 'The post of Deputy Speaker goes beyond ceremonial significance and is indispensable to Indian parliamentary democracy.' Discuss with relevant constitutional provisions and conventions. Also, examine the implications of the prolonged vacancy of the Deputy Speaker's post.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 Is the growing demand for stricter regulation of online content justified, or does it pose a threat to the right to freedom of speech and expression? Examine in light of recent judicial pronouncements.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 Critically examine the 'in-house procedure' adopted by the Apex Court to inquire into allegations of misconduct against judges of constitutional courts in India.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16 Recent controversies over alleged malpractices in the electoral rolls have renewed demands for the mandatory linkage of Aadhaar with Voter ID. What is your opinion? Give reasons in support of your answer.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 Lateral entry into civil services is seen as a reformative step, yet it continues to attract criticism and controversy. Discuss.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18) While rankings aim to benchmark the performance of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs), concerns remain about whether current ranking frameworks reflect the broader goals of education. Suggest measures to make the ranking system more objective, inclusive, and aligned with educational and societal outcomes.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 Examine the factors behind the growing salience of the Arctic region in international politics. Discuss, in this context, strategies for India to recalibrate its Arctic engagement.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 Bangladesh is a key pillar of India's Neighborhood First policy, but recent developments on both sides threaten to disrupt the 'Sonali Adhyay' in bilateral relations. Analyze.","15","250"],[54,"When must you seek mentorship?","",""]]},{"i":196,"t":"Ankit Jarwal","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2025,"r":205,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/ANKIT-JARWALUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-205-Sample-MGP-Copy-3.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) Rising influence of money power in Indian elections poses a serious challenge to transparency, fairness, and democratic accountability. How can ethical electoral funding be ensured to maintain the integrity of democracy?","10","150"],[5,"b) Explain the key dimensions of ethics that influence human behaviour. How do these dimensions shape ethical decision-making in private life?","10","150"],[6,"6 cosmopolitan moral theory explain political boundary relevant in ethics and action","",""],[7,"Q.2) a) “Academic freedom is the bedrock of scholarly inquiry and intellectual progress.” Examine the ethical issues that arise when educational institutions yield to political, social, or economic pressures and compromises academic freedom.","10","150"],[9,"b) Fortitude enables a civil servant to make difficult yet morally right decisions. Explain with reference to real-life examples.","10","150"],[11,"Q.3 Given below are the three quotations of great thinkers. What do each of these quotations convey to you in the present context?\na) “When learning is purposeful, creativity blossoms. When creativity blossoms, thinking emanates. When thinking emanates, knowledge is fully lit. When knowledge is lit, the economy flourishes.”- Abdul Kalam.","10","150"],[13,"b) \"The difference between what we do and what we are capable of doing would suffice to solve most of the world's problems.\" - Mahatma Gandhi","10","150"],[15,"c) \"Love and compassion are necessities, not luxuries. Without them, humanity cannot survive.\" - Dalai Lama","10","150"],[17,"Q.4) a) What do you understand by the term 'probity in governance'? Explain how probity acts as the foundation of ethical public administration.","10","150"],[19,"b) \"Starvation must not be used as a weapon of war.\" Yet, parties involved in conflicts often resort to the blockade of food and medical aid to civilians in conflict zones, deepening the humanitarian crisis. Powerful nations, despite their capacity to intervene, tend to prioritise strategic interests over humanitarian concerns. What ethical considerations should guide powerful nations in preventing such actions and ensuring unimpeded humanitarian access?","10","150"],[21,"Q.5) a) What teachings of Mahavira are most relevant today and why? Discuss.","10","150"],[23,"b) \"In contemporary times, social media platforms have emerged as powerful agents in shaping individual and societal attitudes.\" Do you agree with this view? Justify your answer.","10","150"],[25,"Q.6) a) What do you understand by the ‘voice of conscience’? In what ways can you prepare yourself to listen to the voice of conscience?","10","150"],[27,"b) Effective utilisation of public funds is not merely an administrative requirement but a moral responsibility of those entrusted with public office. However, instances of funds allocated to government schemes lying idle or being diverted towards extraneous purposes continue to be reported across the country. Examine the reasons for under-utilization and mis-utilization of public funds and their implications.","10","150"],[29,"Q.7 A rail overbridge (ROB) is being planned in the capital city of a central Indian state. The project aims to reduce traffic congestion and ease delays at railway crossings, which affect thousands of daily commuters. It had been a long-standing demand of local residents, and the government approved it to address persistent traffic bottlenecks in the area. The project is to be executed by the State Public Works Department (PWD), with a strict completion deadline of one year i.e. 31st July 2026. The PWD Minister, who is also the local MLA, is scheduled to inaugurate the project in the third week of August 2026. This is planned to take place shortly before the expected announcement of state elections. Ramesh has been selected as the project manager of this prestigious assignment on the basis of his professional competence and experience.\n\nWhile reviewing the approved design plans in preparation for execution, Ramesh identifies a serious flaw. The proposed alignment includes a sharp 90-degree turn, incorporated due to spatial constraints between an electrified railway line on one side and ongoing metro construction on the other. From a technical standpoint, Ramesh believes the design is unsafe. It increases the risk of vehicular accidents, especially for heavy vehicles, and may lead to long-term inconvenience for road users.\n\nRamesh promptly raises the issue with the Chief Engineer. However, the Chief Engineer overrules the concern. He states that the General Arrangement Drawing (GAD) has already been approved by the Bridge Engineering Department, in coordination with Indian Railways. He points out that revisiting the design at this stage shall result in project delays, increased expenditure, and unwanted political attention.\n\nSubsequently, Ramesh comes to know that the contractor awarded the tender to execute the project is a close relative of the PWD Minister. He also receives unofficial communication suggesting that his promotion to Additional Chief Engineer is under active consideration, but could be jeopardised if he creates \"unnecessary hurdles\" in the project's timely completion.\n\nThe incumbent state government is eager to complete the overbridge before the elections and present it as a major developmental achievement. This adds to the pressure on Ramesh to expedite project execution without raising further objections. Nonetheless, he remains convinced that the current design is flawed and could have grave implications for public safety if left unaddressed.\n\nMeanwhile, the bridge design has also attracted widespread public attention after being published in a leading local newspaper. Images of the sharp 90-degree turn went viral on social media, drawing criticism and ridicule. Several engineering experts have publicly flagged the alignment as a potential safety hazard, reinforcing Ramesh's concerns.\na) Under the given conditions, what are the options available to Ramesh as a project manager?\nb) What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by Ramesh?\nc) What are the professional challenges likely to be faced by Ramesh and his response to overcome such challenges?","20","250"],[30,"a) दी गई परिस्थितियों में, एक परियोजना प्रबंधक के रूप में रमेश के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\nb) रमेश को किन नैतिक दुविधाओं का सामना करना पड़ रहा है?\nc) रमेश को किन व्यावसायिक चुनौतियों का सामना करना पड़ सकता है तथा ऐसी चुनौतियों पर नियंत्रण पाने के लिए उसकी क्या प्रतिक्रिया होनी चाहिए?\na) दी गई परिस्थितियों में, एक परियोजना प्रबंधक के रूप में रमेश के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\nb) रमेश को किन नैतिक दुविधाओं का सामना करना पड़ रहा है?\nc) रमेश को किन व्यावसायिक चुनौतियों का सामना करना पड़ सकता है तथा ऐसी चुनौतियों पर नियंत्रण पाने के लिए उसकी क्या प्रतिक्रिया होनी चाहिए?","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[34,"Q.8) Srushti is a young and dynamic IPS officer, posted as Assistant Superintendent of Police (ASP) in a communally sensitive district. Her husband, Arjun, is an IAS officer and posted as Sub-Divisional Magistrate (SDM) in the same district. Both are honest, sincere and deeply committed to their work. They have a daughter who is just four months old, and is looked after by a domestic helper. Srushti resumed duty just two weeks ago after six months of maternity leave.\n\nAt 9 PM on Saturday night, Srushti is in her office reviewing the security arrangements with her team for an upcoming local festival. The situation in the area has been tense throughout the week due to a flare-up between two communities over a petty issue. Around 9:30 PM, she gets a call from the Superintendent of Police. He asks her to prepare a detailed law and order brief for a high-level meeting the next morning.\n\nSrushti reaches home at 10 PM, feeling exhausted. She has not been getting proper sleep during the week due to frequent night patrolling. Arjun also returns around the same time after a long day in the field. Their daughter has been unwell and cried through most of the previous night. Arjun expresses concern about Srushti's heavy workload and the baby's condition. He tells her that she can not keep pushing herself like this and that the child needs more of her attention. Srushti replies that she cannot afford to step back. She adds that people are already judging her and questioning her commitment to work for availing maternity leave. The conversation gradually turns into an argument. Arjun feels Srushti is ignoring her health and family, while Srushti feels judged and unsupported.\n\nLater that night, as Srushti sits at her desk preparing the report, she pauses and reflects on the purpose of her work. She had joined the IPS to serve the people and protect the vulnerable. But now, she wonders if she is being fair to her own child and family. Even as recently as last week, she had to cancel the family dinner as she had to attend an urgent meeting at the SP office. She also feels the weight of expectations. Male officers with children are rarely questioned. But as a new mother, she is constantly under scrutiny. Many in the department believe that women, especially new mothers, are not suitable for field duty.\n\nSrushti starts thinking about her options. She knows that whatever decision she makes will not only impact her own future but also influence the expectations placed on other working mothers in uniform.\na) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\nb) Evaluate the options available to Srushti in the above situation.\nc) What suggestions would you make to help officers like Srushti maintain a healthy work-life balance.","20","20"],[35,"a) उपर्युक्त मामले में नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं?\nb) उपरोक्त स्थिति में सृष्टि के लिए उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन करें।\nc) सृष्टि जैसे अधिकारियों को स्वस्थ कार्य-जीवन संतुलन बनाए रखने में मदद करने के लिए आप क्या सुझाव देंगे?\na) उपर्युक्त मामले में नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं?\nb) उपर्युक्त स्थिति में सृष्टि के लिए उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन करें।\nc) सृष्टि जैसे अधिकारियों को स्वस्थ कार्य-जीवन संतुलन बनाए रखने में मदद करने के लिए आप क्या सुझाव देंगे?","20 अंक","250 शब्द"],[39,"Q.9) A reputed Indian beauty & personal care company developed a herbal skin cream for the international market, claiming anti-ageing and skin-repair properties based on traditional Ayurvedic formulations. After obtaining the necessary approvals and export certifications, the company began exporting the product. The product received widespread positive feedback for its quality and natural formulation, and soon became a huge hit in international markets. Riding on this success, the company announced that the product would soon be made available to domestic consumers, with almost the same quality and health benefits.\n\nSubsequently, it secured approval from the domestic regulatory authority and launched the product in the Indian market. Over time, the brand gained a significant share of the domestic market and earned substantial revenues both nationally and internationally.\n\nHowever, during a random sample check, officials discovered that the cream sold in India differed from the version approved by the competent authority. The product failed to meet the claimed herbal composition and purity standards. Further investigation revealed that the company had often been distributing batches that had failed export quality checks.\n\nThe incident triggered widespread public criticism and regulatory scrutiny, leading to a sharp decline in the company's reputation and financial performance.\na) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the case.\nb) What actions should the competent regulatory authority take against the personal care company for violating domestic quality standards and distributing rejected export batches in the Indian market?\nc) What course of action is available to the company to manage the crisis and restore public trust and brand credibility?","20","250"],[43,"Q.10 A forest fire has broken out in a hilly district and is rapidly spreading toward an eco-sensitive area that includes four villages (ESA villages). These villages lie along the forest fringe and are surrounded by difficult terrain. The region is known for its biodiversity and traditional forest-based livelihoods. The inhabitants of these villages are mostly poor tribal communities, dependent on forest resources for their sustenance.\nYou, as the District Magistrate of the area, have rushed to the spot with a medical team, police personnel, NGOs, media, and support staff to oversee the rescue and containment operations. Your disaster response team on the ground is small and poorly equipped. Reinforcements from the district headquarter have been requested, but they may take several hours to arrive due to the remoteness and challenging terrain.\nIn the meantime, a group of trained ex-forest guards and local youth from the villages offer to help. They are experienced and familiar with the area. However, existing government rules do not permit the engagement of unofficial personnel in fire control operations without formal clearance and insurance coverage.\nYour team members are divided on this issue. Some members argue that volunteers should be engaged immediately to prevent the fire from spreading. Others caution that involving them without proper approval and safety cover could be risky and against protocol.\nAs the District Magistrate, you are also the Chairperson of the District Disaster Management Authority (DDMA). The fire is spreading at a very rapid rate, and immediate action is required to protect lives, property, and the environment. You are now in a dilemma.\na) What are the options available to you?\nb) Critically evaluate each of the options identified by you.\nc) What option would you adopt and why?\nd) What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by you?","20","250"],[47,"Q.11) In one of the government primary schools located in a rural block of a district, the newly appointed headmistress observed an unusual practice. The school had been preparing and serving mid-day meals separately to students belonging to different communities. Although the meals were cooked using a common gas connection, separate utensils, cooking areas, and serving arrangements had been in place for more than two decades. Students from the two communities had their food cooked and served by different cooks and ate in separate classrooms, despite attending classes together.\nAfter taking charge, the headmistress decided to discontinue this practice. She directed that food be prepared and served together for all students, using a common kitchen and utensils. However, the decision triggered backlash. A considerable number of parents across communities vehemently opposed the move and stopped sending their children to school. Consequently, attendance fell by almost 60 percent. This also raised concerns regarding the possible discontinuation of the mid-day meal scheme, withdrawal of teaching staff, and even closure of the school due to falling enrolment. The issue has attracted attention from various political and social groups attempting to further polarise the situation and serve their vested interests.\nMarpi Apang, the District Education Officer (DEO), has been tasked by the Deputy Commissioner's office to amicably resolve the matter at the earliest. She has also been directed to submit a detailed report along with the Action Taken Report within a fortnight.\na) Identify the ethical issues involved in this case.\nb) What course of action should Marpi adopt and why?\nc) What should be the responsibilities of different social segments and agencies to create positive social ambiance for accepting such changes?","20","250"],[52,"Q.12 You are a Municipal Commissioner of a tier-2 city experiencing rapid urban expansion. Several high-rise residential and commercial buildings are under construction in the city to meet the growing demand for housing. One such luxury residential complex is being built, employing hundreds of daily-wage labourers, many of whom live in temporary settlements at the construction site. Late one night during the monsoon season, a large section of scaffolding and concrete slabs collapses from the upper floors of one of the under-construction buildings. Seven labourers, including two minors, die on the spot. Several others are critically injured and rushed to the hospital. The tragic incident results in public outrage, intense media scrutiny, and protests by a local NGO. The state government orders a formal inquiry and directs you to submit a report within a week. Your preliminary investigation reveals a series of irregularities. The construction material used is substandard and not in accordance with the National Building Code. Although the approved plan permits construction of fifteen floors, the builder has illegally added two extra floors. Moreover, the structure has encroached on land demarcated for a community park and a fire service lane under the city's Zonal Development Plan. These violations are not reported during site inspections conducted by the building inspector of the municipal corporation. The building clearance was granted during the tenure of your predecessor, who is not only your batchmate but also a close friend. Both of you were roommates during your training at LBSNAA. Prima facie, the case appears to involve a widespread nexus between officials of the Municipal Corporation and the builder. Your colleagues are putting pressure on you to go slow in the inquiry. Some of them suggest that holding the builder accountable could damage the city's image among investors and slow down urban development. Meanwhile, you come to know that the builder is the younger brother of a powerful minister in the state cabinet. One evening, his personal aide visits you privately. He suggests that the matter could be \"mutually settled\" and offers you a premium apartment worth ₹2 crore in the same residential complex. In the same breath, he hints that if the matter is not resolved swiftly in the builder's favour, someone in his office is prepared to file a complaint against you under the SC and ST (Prevention of Atrocities) Act.\na) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the case.\nb) What are the options available to you in this situation?\nc) Explain your selected course of action.","20","20 marks; 250"],[53,"a) मामले में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा करें।\nb) इस स्थिति में आपके पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\nc) अपनी चुनी हुई कार्यवाही का विवरण दीजिए।","20 अंक","20 अंक"]]},{"i":198,"t":"Ankit Raushan","c":"Forumias","p":"Essay","y":2025,"r":255,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/ANKIT-RAUSHANUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-255-Sample-Essay-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"1. The glass ceiling is not invisible, it is just too high for many to see.\n2. Social justice is not charity, it is structural rebalancing.\n3. A nation's greatness is measured by how it treats its weakest members, and that includes its children.\n4. When we speak of 'Inclusive India', we must ask: Inclusive for whom?","",""],[16,"2. The age of smart devices and the decline of wise choices.","",""],[17,"Has our advancement in technologies has started to enslaving us? Is smart devices forcing or nudging us to take unsmart decisions? Are we truly lost in the network of Internet of Things?","",""]]},{"i":199,"t":"Ankit Raushan","c":"Forumias","p":"Essay","y":2025,"r":255,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/ANKIT-RAUSHANUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-255-Sample-Essay-Copy-2.pdf","q":[[3,"1. Glaciers are the canaries in the coal mine of climate change.\n2. To be content with little is difficult; to be content with much, impossible.\n3. The true cost of economic and leadership gaps is deferred growth and skewed transitions.\n4. An India that is not pluralist is not India at all.","",""],[16,"2. The saddest aspect of life right now is that science gathers knowledge faster than society gathers wisdom.","",""],[26,"humanity is going? Can technology will always be the Frankenstein monster which will devour us? Or can the knowledge of science walk in hand in hand with wisdom?","",""]]},{"i":200,"t":"Ankit Raushan","c":"Forumias","p":"GS1","y":2025,"r":255,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/ANKIT-RAUSHANUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-255-Sample-MGP-Copy-2.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1 \"Nalanda is a symbol of India's academic heritage and vibrant cultural exchange\". Elucidate with special references to foreign travelers' accounts.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) The period of Delhi Sultans witnessed the emergence of Indo-Persian culture. Discuss the statement with reference to developments in the fields of literature, art and architecture.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) Give a brief account of the contributions of early nationalists to the Indian freedom struggle.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) The Vaikom Satyagraha marked a historic milestone in India's fight against social injustice, demonstrating the power of non-violent resistance in dismantling oppressive caste barriers. Explain.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5 The Oslo Accords, once hailed as a landmark diplomatic achievement, failed to address key issues, highlighting the challenges of achieving lasting peace between Israel and Palestine. Analyse.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) What are Northern and Southern lights? Explain the phenomenon and discuss their associated impacts on Earth's atmosphere and human activities.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) Identifying the major automobile clusters in India, enumerate the favourable factors for the location of the automobile industry.","10","150"],[17,"Q.B) \"India's diversity is her greatest strength.\" In light of the statement, explain how diversity has enriched and strengthened Indian society.","10","150"],[18,"India must remember that unity in Diversity has always been its strength, and hence \"Ek Bharat Shreshtha Bharat\"?","",""],[19,"Q.9 Critically examine the effects of globalization on the youth in India.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10 The recognition of LGBTQ rights in India marks significant progress, but the journey towards full societal integration and acceptance remains arduous, necessitating a profound socio-cultural shift. Elaborate.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11) Throw light upon the importance of seals and sealings in the reconstruction of socio-economic and religious life of the Harappan people. Also, explain why many of the known Harappan settlements are in semi-arid regions.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12 Describe the significance of the Dandi March (1930) as the starting point of the Civil Disobedience Movement. Also, discuss the national and international reactions to the Dandi March and the Salt Satyagraha.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13) Give a reasoned account of the distribution of deserts across the earth with the help of relevant examples.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 Discuss the impact of local winds on their associated regions, citing examples from different parts of the world.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 Rare Earths Elements (REE) are considered as 'Vitamins of Modern Industry'. In this context, bring out the multi-dimensional implications of uneven distribution of REE in the world.","15","250"],[38,"Describe the various factors that influence ocean currents and discuss their multi-dimensional impact.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17) Briefly explain the process of tide formation and differentiate between tides and waves.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18) While social media facilitates unprecedented connectivity and self-expression, it can also widen social crevices and fractures. In this context, examine the impact of social media on Indian society.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 \"The regionalism in India is both a response to the failures in addressing regional aspirations and as an assertion of socio-cultural identity in the face of perceived marginalization.\" Comment.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 Explain how traditional gender roles and responsibilities exacerbate the vulnerability of women to extreme heat conditions. Suggest strategies to mitigate these vulnerabilities.","15","250"],[54,"When must you seek mentorship?","",""]]},{"i":201,"t":"Ankit Raushan","c":"Forumias","p":"GS3","y":2025,"r":255,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/ANKIT-RAUSHANUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-255-Sample-MGP-Copy-3.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) Why has there been an increased focus on negotiating, renegotiating and concluding Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) by India in recent years?","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) A well-designed fiscal policy can serve as a vital instrument to facilitate the equitable distribution of resources and ensure the welfare of all sections of society. Elaborate.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) What are the primary factors contributing to India's significant reliance on imported edible oils? What measures do you suggest to increase domestic production and to reduce India's reliance on imported edible oils?","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) With the growing water crisis in India, micro irrigation offers a sustainable solution for water conservation; however, its adoption remains skewed and below its potential. Discuss.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) The recurring railway accidents highlight the urgent necessity for addressing the myriad challenges related to safety, undercapacity and lack of modernization within Indian Railways. Analyse.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) How does NISAR mission exemplify international cooperation in space exploration and scientific research? In what ways will it help in climate change monitoring and natural hazard management?","10","150"],[15,"Q.7 Nuclear technology can play a transformative role in enhancing food security and agricultural sustainability. Discuss.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) Increasing frequency of forest fires in India underscores the urgent need for sustainable forest management practices. In light of the statement, bring out the causes and multidimensional impact of forest fires. Also, suggest measures for their prevention and management.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9) What reasons can be attributed to the recent surge in terror related violence in Jammu and Kashmir? What strategies would you suggest to counter it?","10","150"],[21,"Q.10 In the light of recent events, throw light on the possible implications of 'cyber slavery' on internal security of India.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11) \"The liberalization policies of 1991 significantly enhanced India's economic dynamism, but the evolving global and domestic landscape necessitates 'Reforms 2.0' for sustained economic development and prosperity.\" Comment.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12) Infrastructure development is essential not just for economic transformation but also for sustainable development and societal well-being. Elaborate with examples.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 Bring out the significance of aquaculture towards nutrition security, livelihood generation, and economic growth. Also, mention various measures taken by the government to promote aquaculture in the country.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14) The MSP system, though well-intentioned, has led to market distortions and ecological stress, necessitating reforms to make it more inclusive and efficient. Examine.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 Biotechnology holds immense potential for achieving sustainable food production, efficient waste management and significant advancements in human health. Elucidate.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16 Climate change is leading to significant alterations in ecosystems, resulting in cascading effects on biodiversity, ecosystem services, and human livelihoods, necessitating integrated approaches to conservation and climate adaptation. Analyse.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17) Urban areas, often referred to as the cradle of civilization and growth engines, are increasingly experiencing various natural and man-made disasters. Discuss in the Indian context. Also, suggest suitable mitigation and management strategies.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 \"India's disaster management framework has made significant progress in the 21st century, yet challenges persist in ensuring timely response and effective coordination during crises.\" Comment.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 Explain how the symbiotic relationship between organized crime and terrorism further aggravates internal security concerns. What steps can be taken to address this linkage and the threats emerging from it?","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 Strengthening security apparatus in border areas and forging developmental partnerships with the locals are essential components of a robust and effective border management strategy. Discuss, with initiatives taken by the government in this regard.","15","250"]]},{"i":941,"t":"Ankita Jain","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1pLs3lYsbKQpy4MZi9yHv3e_II7fFur2v/view","q":[[3,"1. (a) Highlighting the attributes of leadership, analyse why it is important for a civil servant.","10","not more than 150"],[5,"1. (b) A civil servant needs to be objective as well as empathetic. What do you understand by objectivity? Discuss its relationship with empathy.","10",""],[7,"2. (a) With rapidly increasing use of information technology, what according to you is the role of ethics in cyber space?","10",""],[9,"2. (b) Transparency in government organisations is an essential pre-condition for good governance. Elucidate.","10",""],[10,"Therefore, transparency is a precondition to good governance and it is ensured in the present system through various laws and acts like RTI, POGA etc. which helps in achieving ideals of the constitution like empowerment of citizen and Government - of the people, by the people, for the people?","",""],[11,"3. Given below are quotations of moral thinkers/philosophers. Bring out what they mean to you in the present context:\n(a) A nation should not be judged by how it treats its highest citizens, but its lowest ones. [Nelson Mandela]","10",""],[13,"3. (b) The highest education is that which does not merely give us information but makes our life in harmony with all existence. Rabindranath Tagore (10)","10",""],[15,"4. (a) For achieving success, attitude is equally, if not more important than ability. Discuss with the help of examples from your daily life.","10",""],[17,"4. (b) The core of high Emotional Intelligence is self-awareness. If you don't understand your own motivations and behaviours, it is nearly impossible to develop an understanding of others. Discuss with the help of appropriate examples.","10",""],[19,"5. (a) What do you understand by Integrity Pacts? Highlight the role they can play in bringing transparency in allotment of public contracts and ensuring proper utilization of public funds in India.","10",""],[21,"5. (b) In the context of rapid technological change, discuss the significance of inculcating moral and spiritual values in educational institutions.","10",""],[23,"6. Explain the main elements of integral humanism as propounded by Deen Dayal Upadhyay and highlight its contemporary relevance.","10",""],[25,"7. It is imperative for a country like India, that code of ethics should be implemented for civil servants on social media platforms as well. Discuss.","10",""],[27,"8. Discuss how effective corporate governance can ensure the equitable treatment of all stakeholders.","10",""],[29,"9. You are posted as the Superintendent of Police (SP) in a district of a state where alcohol prohibition has been imposed recently. The District Excise department has conducted many raids and seized liquor in large quantities, for which it has received state-wide public appreciation. A few months later reports surface in the media that in this district, hundreds of seized bottles of illicit liquor are missing from the government malkhanas or stores. As a result, the government is left red-faced. You are asked by the DM, who is the overall in-charge of the district excise setup, to investigate the matter. Upon investigation, you unearth a nexus of politicians and government officials who smuggled seized liquor and sold it through spurious means both inside and outside the state. In this context, evaluate these options:\n1. Report your findings to the DM and seek instructions for further actions, stating clearly the criminal offences committed prima facie.\n2. Charge all accused under legal provisions and let the law take its own course.\n3. Being aware of the seriousness of the matter, discretely put the detailed investigation report in the public domain and expose the nexus.","20","in around 250"],[34,"10. You are posted as a District Magistrate in a Left Wing Extremism (LWE) affected district. The district has witnessed many instances of violence by the naxalites in the past. It has been observed that instances of violence increase as the elections approach. You, as a Returning Officer, are responsible for the smooth conduct of elections. Soon after the announcement of elections, the naxalites gave a call for their boycott and have been threatening people to stay away from them. The people of the district are eager to exercise their voting rights but are scared of the impending acts of violence. Further, with threat to their lives and a low expected turnout, the other electoral officers are also reluctant to go to these areas. In this context, answer the following:\n(a) Identify the civil service values that are crucial for working in such adversities.\n(b) Suggest a plan of action to ensure the conduct of free and fair elections in such a situation.","20",""],[35,"(a) Civil services values that are crucial for such scenarios:","",""],[39,"11. You are posted as a District Magistrate in a district, where many large factories and commercial establishments are located. One such factory is owned by one of your close friends. You visit each other's home frequently and are often seen in public together. Recently, media reported about poor working conditions in your friend's factory. Upon enquiry with the labor office, you come to know that the factory has witnessed frequent labour unrests in the past as well. However, the labour officer told you that he was hesitating to take any action due to your proximity with the owner of the factory. With reference to the facts of the case, answer the following questions:\n(a) Identifying the stakeholders and public cause, discuss the ethical issues involved in the case.\n(b) As the District Magistrate, what appropriate course of action will you take? Give reasons for the same.","20",""],[44,"12. You are a resident of a remote tribal district, where there is high incidence of malnutrition. As a remedial measure, the District Magistrate has initiated a programme to promote millet cultivation, especially on the lands currently lying fallow in the district. However, this well-intentioned move of the officer receives flak from the local tribals as this may not only change their age-old food habits, but also alter their traditional agricultural practices. They further cite lower remunerative prices of millets as another reason for continuing with their existing crop production pattern. As a civil servant aspirant, who has a keen interest in development of tribal areas, answer the following questions:\n(a) What according to you are the key issues and challenges involved in the above situation?\n(b) Identify the key stakeholders and their respective interests.\n(c) Suggest a course of action that the District Magistrate can take keeping in mind the larger tribal interests.","20",""],[49,"13. You have recently been posted as a District Labour Officer in a state, which derives a substantial revenue from tourism. You come to know that a big hotel in the area has not been paying wages as per the Minimum Wages Act. The hotel owner is a powerful local leader having contacts with many influential officials of the state. You have the power to take sou-moto cognizance of such violations and accordingly you initiate a preliminary enquiry into the matter. However, no worker is willing to come forward to lodge a formal complaint because they fear loss of employment. Meanwhile, your action has attracted notice of the higher authorities, and you are advised to drop the matter altogether. You are deeply concerned about the situation as it involves not only violation of the Minimum Wages Act but also denial of basic human rights of the worker.\n(a) Identify the issues involved in the given case.\n(b) Consider the options given below:\n1. Follow the informal advise of the higher authorities.\n2. Convince the owner of the hotel to take note of these violations and take appropriate remedial measures.\n3. Submit a detailed report on the matter highlighting violations of workers' rights and seek formal directions from the competent authority.\n4. Serve a notice to the hotel owner and initiate action as per your powers under the Minimum Wages Act.\n\nEvaluate the merits and demerits of each of these options and suggest your preferred course of action, giving reasons.","20",""],[50,"4. होटल स्वामी को नोटिस जारी करेंगे और न्यूनतम मजदूरी अधिनियम के अंतर्गत अपनी शक्तियों के अनुसार कार्यवाही करेंगे। इनमें से प्रत्येक विकल्प के गुणों और दोषों का मूल्यांकन कीजिए तथा कारण प्रस्तुत करते हुए अपनी पसंद की कार्यवाही का सुझाव दीजिए।","",""],[54,"14. You are the Chairman of a Committee, constituted by the government, to suggest measures to improve the quality of education in state-run schools. In view of the increasing dropout rate and the widening gap between students' learning ability in state-run and private schools, answer the following questions:\n(a) Examine the role of government in the education sector, especially providing primary and secondary education through state-run schools.\n(b) Identify the principles and values that would guide your recommendations in this regard.\n(c) Suggest some ways in which quality of education in state-run schools can be improved.","20",""],[57,"10) Ways to improve Education quality\n(1) better infrastructure\n(2) Regulation in Teacher training programs\n(3) promoting girls education\n(4) State level Board exam after every (3-4) grades, eg. one at Grade 1, then Grade 5, 8, 10 and 12","",""]]},{"i":942,"t":"Ankita Jain","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1plfnSdKbBl4AR89lzij7xFh6rqbdiPgW/view","q":[[3,"1 Norms of social morality should not be applied to acts of civil servants while they are carrying out their professional roles and responsibilities to further the common good. Critically analyze.","",""],[4,"(4) Hero-worship by society starts influencing opinion & decisions of civil servants. What should civil servant do?","",""],[5,"1 (b) Determination of ethics in state policies and actions is not easy because every policy and action has both positive and negative aspects viewed from different stakeholders' perspectives. Discuss with suitable examples.","",""],[7,"2(a) What do you understand by Global ethics in today's world? Highlight the role that global ethics can play in achieving universally accepted goals.","",""],[8,"How Global ethics can help?","",""],[9,"2(b) Highlight the important teachings of Swami Vivekananda relevant to the youth of today.","",""],[11,"3 Bring out meaning of below quotations:\n(a) Courage is the most important of all virtues because without courage, you can't practice any other virtue consistently.","",""],[15,"41(a) Can a war ever be justified on moral grounds? Support your answer with suitable arguments.","",""],[17,"41b) Do you think that ethical principles are universal in nature? Justify your answer with relevant examples.","",""],[19,"5(a) For civil servants, both professional competence and commitment to ethics are equally important. Analyze.","",""],[21,"5(b) Despite changing family structures, it still plays an important role in nurturing core societal values. Discuss.","",""],[23,"6 Impartiality as a core value of civil servants should not become a hurdle in showing compassion towards weaker section of the society. Examine.","",""],[25,"1 Tolerance is not enough, it is the idea of acceptance that accommodates diversities and make a society inclusive. Elaborate.","",""],[27,"8 Companies adhering to the norms of corporate governance emerge as winners in the long run. Evaluate with the help of suitable examples.","",""],[29,"9. You are posted as a DCP in the national capital of the country. In a locality which falls under your jurisdiction, protests have been going on for the last one month against a decision taken by the government. While these protests have been non-violent in nature and are being led by women, the protesters have blocked a major road which connects a number of satellite cities. This has led to traffic jams and congestion causing inconvenience to people who use this road for commuting to work, causing hardships and a loss to the economy. A number of people filed complaints in this regard and also approached the courts. The High Court has directed the police to keep larger public interest in mind and take appropriate action.\n\nIn light of the information given above, answer the following questions:\n(a) While highlighting the significance of right to protest in a democratic setup, discuss the limitations on this right, even if the protests are non-violent, as in this case.\n(b) What are the options available to you?\n(c) Evaluate each of these options and choose the option you would adopt, giving reasons.","20","in around 250"],[34,"10. You are a sportsman who has been recently included in the national team squad for an upcoming international tournament. Many others are fighting for the same position and you would like to cement your place in the team as soon as possible. While you are practicing at a training session for the tournament with your fellow team mates, one amongst them offers you a prohibited substance. He claims that it will help you in improving your performance in the tournament. He also informs you that a lot of other team mates also use performance enhancing drugs or PEDs to improve their performance in tournaments.\nIn this context, answer the following questions:\n(a) What are the options available to you in the above case? Which amongst these will you choose and why?\n(b) Discuss the ethical issues involved in doping by sportspersons.","","20"],[40,"Why is it that people applaud these actions of the police? Do you share such sentiments? Justify with relevant arguments.","20",""],[41,"11 Why do people applaud?\n(i) Justice is seen to be achieved by such encounters.\n(ii) Retributive justice is achieved. That is punishment in proportion to the crime.\n(iii) Pendency in courts - JUSTICE DELAYED IS JUSTICE DENIED.","",""],[45,"12 In this context, answer the following questions:\n(a) Giving examples, illustrate the difference between enforced change and 'Nudge' techniques?\n(b) Identify the ethical concerns associated with the nudge technique. Also, suggest ways for using nudging theory ethically.","20",""],[51,"(a) What are the administrative challenges that you face in such a situation to restore the credibility of the administration?\n(b) Given the resources and command of the government, what short-term and long-term measures can be taken to earn back the trust of the people and their willing cooperation?","20",""],[56,"14 In contemporary times, disruptions have become an endemic feature of the functioning of Indian Parliament. Though it is not a new phenomenon, disruptions, which were an exception earlier, seem to have become the new normal. The years gone by have seen MPs raise slogans, snatch papers from ministers and indulge in theatrics. Crucial time of the Parliament, which ought to have been spent in debating appropriateness of legislation or other important issues, is getting unnecessarily wasted.\n\nIn this context, answer the following:\n(a) Identify the ethical issues involved from the point of view of different stakeholders?\n(b) What are the reasons behind such a scenario?\n(c) Is merely having a code of conduct or ethics sufficient to resolve this situation?","20",""]]},{"i":943,"t":"Ankita Jain","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1H7Fx2c0em9EA-vWjQk7QF7rZWytdotWn/view","q":[[3,"1. (a) Highlighting the attributes of leadership, analyse why it is important for a civil servant.","10","not more than 150"],[5,"1. (b) A civil servant needs to be objective as well as empathetic. What do you understand by objectivity? Discuss its relationship with empathy.","10",""],[7,"2. (a) With rapidly increasing use of information technology, what according to you is the role of ethics in cyber space?","10",""],[9,"2. (b) Transparency in government organisations is an essential pre-condition for good governance. Elucidate.","10",""],[10,"Therefore, transparency is a precondition to Good Governance and it is ensured in the present system through various laws and acts like RTI, POGA etc. which helps in achieving ideals of the constitution like empowerment of citizen and Government - of the people, by the people, for the people?","",""],[11,"3 Given below are quotations of moral thinkers/philosophers. Bring out what they mean to you in the present context:\n(a) A nation should not be judged by how it treats its highest citizens, but its lowest ones. [Nelson Mandela]","10",""],[13,"3. (b) The highest education is that which does not merely give us information but makes our life in harmony with all existence. Rabindranath Tagore (10)","10",""],[15,"4. (a) For achieving success, attitude is equally, if not more important than ability. Discuss with the help of examples from your daily life.","10",""],[17,"4. (b) The core of high Emotional Intelligence is self-awareness. If you don't understand your own motivations and behaviours, it is nearly impossible to develop an understanding of others. Discuss with the help of appropriate examples.","10",""],[19,"5. (a) What do you understand by Integrity Pacts? Highlight the role they can play in bringing transparency in allotment of public contracts and ensuring proper utilization of public funds in India.","10",""],[21,"5. (b) In the context of rapid technological change, discuss the significance of inculcating moral and spiritual values in educational institutions.","10",""],[23,"6. Explain the main elements of integral humanism as propounded by Deen Dayal Upadhyay and highlight its contemporary relevance.","10",""],[25,"7. It is imperative for a country like India, that code of ethics should be implemented for civil servants on social media platforms as well. Discuss.","10",""],[27,"8. Discuss how effective corporate governance can ensure the equitable treatment of all stakeholders.","10",""],[29,"9. You are posted as the Superintendent of Police (SP) in a district of a state where alcohol prohibition has been imposed recently. The District Excise department has conducted many raids and seized liquor in large quantities, for which it has received state-wide public appreciation. A few months later reports surface in the media that in this district, hundreds of seized bottles of illicit liquor are missing from the government malkhanas or stores. As a result, the government is left red-faced. You are asked by the DM, who is the overall in-charge of the district excise setup, to investigate the matter. Upon investigation, you unearth a nexus of politicians and government officials who smuggled seized liquor and sold it through spurious means both inside and outside the state. In this context, evaluate these options:\n1. Report your findings to the DM and seek instructions for further actions, stating clearly the criminal offences committed prima facie.\n2. Charge all accused under legal provisions and let the law take its own course.\n3. Being aware of the seriousness of the matter, discretely put the detailed investigation report in the public domain and expose the nexus.","20","in around 250"],[34,"10. You are posted as a District Magistrate in a Left Wing Extremism (LWE) affected district. The district has witnessed many instances of violence by the naxalites in the past. It has been observed that instances of violence increase as the elections approach. You, as a Returning Officer, are responsible for the smooth conduct of elections. Soon after the announcement of elections, the naxalites gave a call for their boycott and have been threatening people to stay away from them. The people of the district are eager to exercise their voting rights but are scared of the impending acts of violence. Further, with threat to their lives and a low expected turnout, the other electoral officers are also reluctant to go to these areas. In this context, answer the following:\n(a) Identify the civil service values that are crucial for working in such adversities.\n(b) Suggest a plan of action to ensure the conduct of free and fair elections in such a situation.","20",""],[35,"(a) Civil services values that are crucial for such scenarios:","",""],[39,"11. You are posted as a District Magistrate in a district, where many large factories and commercial establishments are located. One such factory is owned by one of your close friends. You visit each other's home frequently and are often seen in public together. Recently, media reported about poor working conditions in your friend's factory. Upon enquiry with the labor office, you come to know that the factory has witnessed frequent labour unrests in the past as well. However, the labour officer told you that he was hesitating to take any action due to your proximity with the owner of the factory. With reference to the facts of the case, answer the following questions:\n(a) Identifying the stakeholders and public cause, discuss the ethical issues involved in the case.\n(b) As the District Magistrate, what appropriate course of action will you take? Give reasons for the same.","20",""],[44,"12. You are a resident of a remote tribal district, where there is high incidence of malnutrition. As a remedial measure, the District Magistrate has initiated a programme to promote millet cultivation, especially on the lands currently lying fallow in the district. However, this well-intentioned move of the officer receives flak from the local tribals as this may not only change their age-old food habits, but also alter their traditional agricultural practices. They further cite lower remunerative prices of millets as another reason for continuing with their existing crop production pattern. As a civil servant aspirant, who has a keen interest in development of tribal areas, answer the following questions:\n(a) What according to you are the key issues and challenges involved in the above situation?\n(b) Identify the key stakeholders and their respective interests.\n(c) Suggest a course of action that the District Magistrate can take keeping in mind the larger tribal interests.","20",""],[49,"13. You have recently been posted as a District Labour Officer in a state, which derives a substantial revenue from tourism. You come to know that a big hotel in the area has not been paying wages as per the Minimum Wages Act. The hotel owner is a powerful local leader having contacts with many influential officials of the state. You have the power to take (sou-moto) cognizance of such violations and accordingly you initiate a preliminary enquiry into the matter. However, no worker is willing to come forward to lodge a formal complaint because they fear loss of employment. Meanwhile, your action has attracted notice of the higher authorities, and you are advised to drop the matter altogether. You are deeply concerned about the situation as it involves not only violation of the Minimum Wages Act but also denial of basic human rights of the worker.\n(a) Identify the issues involved in the given case.\n(b) Consider the options given below:\n1. Follow the informal advise of the higher authorities.\n2. Convince the owner of the hotel to take note of these violations and take appropriate remedial measures.\n3. Submit a detailed report on the matter highlighting violations of workers' rights and seek formal directions from the competent authority.\n4. Serve a notice to the hotel owner and initiate action as per your powers under the Minimum Wages Act.","20",""],[50,"4. होटल स्वामी को नोटिस जारी करेंगे और न्यूनतम मजदूरी अधिनियम के अंतर्गत अपनी शक्तियों के अनुसार कार्यवाही करेंगे। इनमें से प्रत्येक विकल्प के गुणों और दोषों का मूल्यांकन कीजिए तथा कारण प्रस्तुत करते हुए अपनी पसंद की कार्यवाही का सुझाव दीजिए।","",""],[54,"14. You are the Chairman of a Committee, constituted by the government, to suggest measures to improve the quality of education in state-run schools. In view of the increasing dropout rate and the widening gap between students' learning ability in state-run and private schools, answer the following questions:\n(a) Examine the role of government in the education sector, especially providing primary and secondary education through state-run schools.\n(b) Identify the principles and values that would guide your recommendations in this regard.\n(c) Suggest some ways in which quality of education in state-run schools can be improved.","20",""]]},{"i":202,"t":"Ankita Patil","c":"Forumias","p":"Essay","y":2025,"r":140,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/ANKITA-ANIL-PATIL-RANKUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-140-Sample-ESSAY-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"(1) TRUE LEADERSHIP LIES IN SERVING NOT RULING","",""],[5,"Does a true king always reside in palaces?","",""],[7,"What other reasons can contribute to such a charitable attitude?","",""],[13,"1 THE GREAT AIM OF EDUCATION IS NOT KNOWLEDGE BUT ACTION","",""]]},{"i":204,"t":"Ankita Patil","c":"Forumias","p":"GS1","y":2025,"r":140,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/ANKITA-ANIL-PATIL-RANKUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-140-Sample-MGP-Copy-3.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) Why has public bathing been a recurring practice across cultures and societies? Discuss with examples.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Estimate the contributions of Chalukyas of Badami to Indian heritage and culture.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) Mahatma Gandhi and Dr. B.R. Ambedkar had contrasting philosophies and approaches on caste and social reform. Examine.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) What factors can be attributed to the rising incidents of Glacial Lake Outburst Floods (GLOFs) in the Himalayan region? Discuss with examples.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) \"Migration is a vital livelihood strategy for rural households in developing countries like India.\" Elucidate.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) Bring out the interdependence between physical and chemical weathering with suitable examples.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7 Discuss how social media is reshaping identity formation and self-worth among adolescents in contemporary Indian society.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) The disproportionate preference for government jobs in certain Indian states is not merely a matter of personal aspiration. Analyze.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9 Explain the significance of population education in light of India's status as the world's most populous nation.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10) Globalization has infused Indian festivals with commercial elements, while also helping preserve and popularize them in new ways. Do you agree? Justify your answer.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11 India has a rich tradition of diverse dance forms, encompassing both classical and folk styles. Illustrate how they reflect the country's rich spiritual, cultural, and social life.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12 The third decade of the 20th century witnessed the emergence of new forces and ideological currents that influenced the character of the Indian national movement. Elaborate.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13) Analyse the circumstances that led to Simla Agreement in 1972. Discuss the significance of the agreement.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 \"The Vietnam War was a proxy conflict rooted in the ideological rivalry of the Cold War\" Comment.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15) Discuss the concept of isostasy and explain its role in shaping Earth's major landforms.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16 The Indian Ocean is warming at an alarming rate. How may it affect the food security of India?","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 Describing the distribution of sugarcane producing countries, examine the major environmental challenges associated with its cultivation.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 The richness and diversity of Indian society find vivid expression in the unique culture of its tribal communities. Elucidate.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 Why is it essential to focus on health in the context of urban planning and reforms? How can this be achieved?","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 Analyze the socio-cultural factors contributing to the high attrition rate among women in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) careers in India; suggest measures to improve their retention in STEM.","15","250"]]},{"i":205,"t":"Ankita Patil","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2025,"r":140,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/ANKITA-ANIL-PATIL-RANKUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-140-Sample-MGP-Copy-4.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) The contributions of the \"founding mothers\" of the Indian Republic are often under-acknowledged, yet they are crucial to understanding the evolution of gender-sensitive constitutional jurisprudence.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) How has asymmetric federalism helped India accommodate its diverse regional needs? Discuss with suitable examples.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) The collegium system of judicial appointments remains the best mechanism to safeguard the judiciary's independence. Critically examine.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) Explain how the terms 'socialist' and 'secular' in the Preamble embody specific meanings in the Indian context.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) The role of State Finance Commissions in building regional equity and strengthening the federal link has largely been underutilized. Discuss.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6 \"Right to vote is fundamental to democracy, and depriving undertrial prisoners of this right while allowing contesting elections reflects a flawed legal framework.\" Comment.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) In what ways can community-based interventions improve access to preventive and promotive healthcare services in the country?","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) The increasing elderly population in India faces numerous challenges highlighting the need for a comprehensive policy framework to manage this demographic transition. Analyse.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9) Discuss the role of the International Atomic Energy Association (IAEA) towards promoting safe and peaceful use of nuclear technologies in the world.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10) The rapidly escalating tensions between Israel and Iran in West Asia can have significant economic and geopolitical repercussions for India. Explain with suitable examples.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11 Simultaneous elections are advocated as a step towards reforming the electoral process and streamlining governance; however, their broader implications for democracy and federalism remain contentious. Discuss.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12) Bring out the rationale behind the introduction and implementation of the three new criminal laws. Highlighting key features of the laws, state the associated concerns.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13) Examine the role of the National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT) in ensuring corporate governance and addressing insolvency issues in India.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14) Differentiate between the clemency powers of the Presidents of India and the USA. Also, critically examine the vesting of clemency power in the executive.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 \"Rape is a rape; it cannot be condoned on the basis of the marital relationship between the victim and the accused.\" In light of the statement, throw light on the ongoing debate regarding the criminalization of marital rape.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16 Discuss the role played by the Swachh Bharat Mission over the past decade in bringing a positive change in life of women, children and marginalized communities.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 How do Centrally Sponsored Schemes differ from Central Sector Schemes? Highlighting the concerns raised by some states regarding Centrally Sponsored Schemes, suggest remedial measures.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 The Doctrine of Democratic Governance makes it necessary that the public perception of the integrity and commitment of civil servants becomes absolutely positive. Discuss","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 While BRICS and Quad may have different priorities, both have their salience in advancing India's strategic interests. Elaborate.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 \"The strategic competition between India and China is determining India's foreign policy towards its South Asian neighbors.\" Comment.","15","250"]]},{"i":203,"t":"Ankita Patil","c":"Forumias","p":"GS3","y":2025,"r":140,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/ANKITA-ANIL-PATIL-RANKUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-140-Sample-MGP-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) While the Employment Linked Incentive (ELI) scheme and the Production Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme are both designed to boost economic growth, they employ different approaches and focus on distinct outcomes. Elaborate.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) What do you understand by 'Reverse Brain Drain'? Identify the key drivers of the rising trend of this phenomenon in the country.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) The Dedicated Freight Corridor (DFC) not only enhances logistics efficiency but also represents a pivotal milestone in the country's infrastructure development and economic growth. In this context, describe the significance of the Dedicated Freight Corridor.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) Define precision agriculture. How can it help in optimizing crop production and resource management?","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) Why has rice not seen similar innovation in processed food products compared to wheat, despite being a staple in many regions of the country?","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) Explain the working principle of the pumped storage hydropower system. What are the key advantages it offers compared to other power storage technologies?","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) Describe the major outcomes of the 29th session of the Conference of Parties (COP) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) How can emerging solar technologies address the twin challenges of resource scarcity and environmental degradation? Illustrate your answer with recent innovations in the field.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9 What is 'research security'? What are the key hurdles in ensuring research security in India?","10","150"],[21,"Q.10 The Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act, 1958 (AFSPA) is necessary for maintaining peace and stability in the 'disturbed areas'. Critically examine.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11 How has inadequate progress on factor market reforms impacted India's double-digit growth aspirations? What measures has the government taken in this regard?","15","15"],[26,"Q.12 What are the factors responsible for the recent depreciation of the Indian Rupee? Discuss its implications for the economy and suggest policy measures to stabilize the currency.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13) While Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs) can resolve the issues of small farmers and boost agrarian economy, the realization of their potential is hindered by a multitude of factors. Analyze.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 Discuss the significance of aquaculture towards nutrition security, livelihood generation, and economic growth. Also mention various initiatives taken by the government to promote sustainable aquaculture in the country.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 What is gene therapy? What makes it a better treatment option than the conventional approaches?","15","250"],[38,"Q.16) Why are countries keen on developing their own space stations? What obstacles do they face in the process, and how can these be overcome?","15","250"],[41,"Q.17) Climate change is causing profound alterations in ecosystems, triggering cascading impacts on biodiversity, ecosystem services, and human livelihoods, which demands integrated approaches to conservation and climate adaptation. Analyse.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18) Often referred to as the 'cradle of civilization' and 'growth engines', urban areas are increasingly experiencing various natural and man-made disasters. Discuss in the Indian context. Also, suggest suitable mitigation and management strategies.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 How does India's geographical location heighten its vulnerability to drug trafficking? Also, analyze various internal security risks linked to drug trafficking.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20) The increasing frequency and sophistication of cyberattacks pose a significant threat to national security. Discuss the major challenges in ensuring cybersecurity in the country and enumerate the measures taken by the government in this regard.","15","250"]]},{"i":207,"t":"Ankur Tripathi","c":"Nextias","p":"Essay","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/4/essay-test-1-ankur-tripathi-1745478304325.pdf","q":[[6,"Q.2 In the flood of data, the thirst still remains.","",""],[17,"Q.8 Present demonstrates the lessons of history, albeit the hard way.","",""]]},{"i":208,"t":"Ankur Tripathi","c":"Nextias","p":"Essay","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/4/essay-test-2-ankur-tripathi-1745478370133.pdf","q":[[7,"Q.1 The function of education is to teach one to think intensively and to think critically.","",""],[18,"Q.7 TO BE OR NOT TO BE, THAT IS THE QUESTION","",""],[22,"NOT TO BE - IS THAT AN OPTION?","",""]]},{"i":206,"t":"Ankur Tripathi","c":"Nextias","p":"GS2","y":2024,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/4/ankur-tripathi-gs-mains-advanced-course-2024-1745409460709.pdf","q":[[4,"A \"It is wrong to assume that ethical decisions are, can or should be purely rational and principled. Human feelings are an inseparable part of our ethical life.\" In what way do feelings impact our ethical decisions? Illustrate with examples.","10","150"],[7,"Is Code of Ethics & Code of Conduct sufficient?","",""],[8,"Q.2 A. While traditional ethics has focussed on notions of justice, fair allocation and obligations, ethics of care emphasise maintaining connectedness and promoting care. Which of the above two ethical perspectives is more suitable for guiding ethical decision making in the context of public services. Explain your position with suitable examples.","10","150"],[11,"A In the context of public service, what does public service attitude mean? Discuss the attitude biases that affects a public servants on field decision making? Explain how a public servant can overcome such attitude biases?","10","150"],[15,"A \"There is only one responsibility of business, namely to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase profits.\" Do you think corporations, by indulging in social responsibilities, are compromising their core resource utilisation and production responsibility by diverting resources into unproductive social endeavours?","10","150"],[19,"A Explain the difference between conflict among interests and conflict among various sources of authority. Illustrate with relevant examples.","10","150"],[21,"B Governance by virtue of being a creative process is filled with uncertainties, ambiguities & paradoxes, which needs to be reviewed for Good Governance","",""],[23,"Given below are three quotations of philosophers. What do each of the quotations convey to you in the present context?\nA \"To feel for others, and little for ourselves; to restrain our selfish, and exercise our benevolent affections, constitutes the perfection of human nature.\" Adam Smith (150 words, 10 marks)\nB \"Virtue lies in our power, and so does vice; because where it is in our power to act, it is also in our power not to act.\" Aristotle (150 words, 10 marks)\nC \"I know that I am intelligent, because I know that I know nothing.\" Socrates (150 words, 10 marks)","10","150"],[29,"1 What are the ethical issues and dilemmas that confronts you in the above case?\n2 Discuss the available options along with its merits and demerits.\n3 What will be your chosen course of action? Why","20","250"],[34,"Case Study 2 You are the District Collector of a rural district where traditional social customs and religious practices strongly influence daily life. Recently, a case has emerged involving a local temple and its long-standing tradition of excluding women from certain religious rituals and spaces.\n\nA group of educated young women from the village, inspired by the increasing national dialogue on gender equality, has petitioned for the right to participate in these religious rituals. They argued that excluding women is discriminatory and violates their constitutional rights. However, the temple authorities and a significant portion of the local community vehemently oppose this change, citing religious texts and long-standing customs.\n\nAs the District Collector, you face a complex ethical dilemma. Legally, you are obliged to uphold the Indian Constitution, which guarantees equality and prohibits gender-based discrimination. However, enforcing this law could lead to significant unrest in the community, where traditional customs and religious beliefs are deeply entrenched. And you are aware that the district has a history of unrest on religious matters, and local politicians did not mind stoking the unrest for political gains.\n\nThe moral argument for gender equality clashes with the community's religious sentiments. The temple authorities believe that altering the rituals would desecrate their sacred traditions. Meanwhile, the women demanding entry see this as a moral and legal fight for their rights. You as a district collector was in a precarious dilemma, one on hand being a progressive officer you knew what is the right thing to do but on the other as an administrative professional you didn't want an unrest with religious tone at your hands.\n1. Who all are involved in the administrative and ethical issues in the above situation?\n2. What are the alternatives available to you in the above situation?\n3. Discuss the merits and demerits of each alternative and explain the action chosen by you with reasons.","20","250"],[35,"1, 2, 3 1. What are the administrative and ethical issues involved in the above situation?\n2. What are the options available to you in the above situation?\n3. Discuss the merits and demerits of each option and explain your chosen course of action along with reasons.","20","250"],[36,"4 What constitutes essential religious practices of a religion.\n5 Value conflict - customary vs constitutional.\n2 Options available in this case\n3 Demerits & merits of each option","",""],[37,"2) Go for allowing women to take part in ritual","",""],[39,"What are the issues involved in the above case?\n2. Is it ethically justified to be devoted to duty at the cost of the personal safety of the staff? Discuss.\n3. How will you go about doing your election duties without compromising the safety of your staff? Explain.","20","250"],[41,"2 Devotion to duty at cost of safety of staff?","",""],[44,"1. Do you think the above case involves a conflict of interest or there are more issues? Explain\n2. Keeping the above case in perspective, discuss the relevance of impartiality and non-partisanship as professional value.\n3. In hindsight, how do you think you could have avoided the above unpleasant situation?","20","250"],[47,"3 How this situation might have been avoided","",""],[49,"1. Discuss the administrative and ethical issues involved in the above case.\n2. Do you think it was morally right on your part to write to the minister? Justify.\n3. How will you respond to the action initiated against you? Discuss the available options and justify your selected course of action.","20","250"],[51,"2 Was I justified in writing to minister","",""],[54,"1. What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\n2. What are the options available to you?\n3. Identify and explain your chosen course of action after evaluating the merits and demerits of each option.","20","250"]]},{"i":209,"t":"Annaburna Singh","c":"Nextias","p":"GS3","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/022c58f3f0988adf83a584c53e9d0ac5/111/pttp220600_tc073-test-03-gs-03.pdf","q":[[6,"Q.1 What do you understand by Windfall tax? Do you think that windfall taxes can effectively redistribute wealth and promote greater economic equality?","10","Answer in 150"],[8,"Q.2 Discuss the perceived successes and challenges of implementing inflation targeting under the new Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) regime.","10","150"],[10,"Q.3 Assess the potential of millet production in promoting sustainable agriculture and improving food security in India.","10","Answer in 150"],[12,"Q.4 Jal Jeevan Mission has the potential to end the regional disparity in the availability and accessibility of drinking water. Highlighting the significance of the mission, discuss the underlying impediments in achieving the desired objectives.","10","150"],[14,"Q.5 What do you understand by Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS)? Discuss its applications and how it can revolutionize the energy program of India.","10","150"],[16,"Q.6 Discuss in brief developments and challenges in the Gaganyaan mission of ISRO. What are the possible benefits of the mission for the society?","10","Answer in 150"],[18,"Q.7 \"Green hydrogen can be the silver bullet in our quest to tackle climate change and pollution\". Critically analyze the statement in light of India's National Green Hydrogen mission.","10","150"],[20,"Q.8 What are the key lessons for disaster management and environmental conservation in the Himalayan region, in light of the recent disaster in Joshimath, Uttarakhand?","10","150"],[22,"Q.9 \"The recent radical trends in Punjab show that the Khalistan issue is still simmering.\" Discuss the statement with respect to recent developments and suggest measures to handle it.","10","150"],[24,"Q.10 The anonymity and ease of drone operation contribute to the challenges of India's border security. Elaborate and give suggestions to tackle the drone problem in border areas.","10","Answer in 150"],[26,"Q.11 Electricity Amendment Bill, 2022 brings several advantages for consumers, DISCOMs as well as the environment. Elaborate. Also, list out its shortcomings and suggest some measures to overcome them.","15","Answer in 250"],[28,"3. Explore power grid options to sustained supply.\n4. Behavioral change promotion (LIFE approach) as long term measure","",""],[29,"Q.12 Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) plays an important role in the regulation of the share market and safeguarding the interests of investors. In the light of given statement, highlight the challenges faced by the SEBI and suggest reforms in this regard.","15","250"],[32,"Q.13 Despite being a major contributor to the Indian economy, the agriculture sector is plagued by several constraints that impede its growth and development. Discuss the role of technology in overcoming these constraints.","15","Answer in 250"],[35,"Q.14 Evaluate the impact of irrigation on the environment and natural resources and suggest measures to ensure the sustainability and equity of irrigation practices in agriculture.","15","250"],[38,"Q.15 How India benefitted strategically from the contributions of Dr. Homi Jehangir Bhabha and Dr. Vikram Ambalal Sarabhai in the fields of atomic energy and space technology respectively?","15","Answer in 250"],[40,"Q.16 Generative AI holds the potential to push the boundaries of innovation in the near future, yet its societal impact raises substantial challenges. Elaborate.","15","Answer in 250"],[43,"Q.17 Explain the purpose of the \"Mangrove Alliance for Climate\" launched at the COP27 UN Climate Change Conference in Egypt in November 2022. Elaborate on the importance of mangroves in maintaining the coastal ecology of tropical nations.","15","250"],[46,"Q.18 The Formation of the Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure brings more robustness to the Disaster Management approach in India. Comment and justify the need for a new strategy to tackle Disasters in India.","15","Answer in 250"],[49,"Q.19 The recent rise in ransomware attacks targeting critical infrastructure and major corporations has highlighted the urgent need for stronger cybersecurity measures and policies. Discussing the key factors contributing to this trend, analyze the impact of these attacks on various sectors.","15","250"],[52,"Q.20 In the context of border security, how can cooperation and coordination between different security agencies be improved to ensure effective and efficient management of coastal and terrestrial borders?","15","Answer in 250"]]},{"i":210,"t":"Annapurna Singh","c":"Nextias","p":"GS1","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/022c58f3f0988adf83a584c53e9d0ac5/109/pttp220600_tc071-test-01-gs-01.pdf","q":[[6,"Q.1 The fabric of Indian philosophical thought owes as much to Northern India as to Southern India. Elucidate.","10","Answer in 150"],[8,"Q.2 The Indian society's impulse for social change and reform was a response to its opposition to colonial rule. Examine.","10","150"],[10,"Q.3 What are the factors that led to the Russian revolution and what are the consequences of this revolution? Discuss its influence on the Indian national movement.","10","Answer in 150"],[12,"Q.4 Discuss the various factors responsible for the uneven temperature distribution on Earth's surface.","10","150"],[14,"Q.5 The melting of glaciers due to climate change has serious implications for the ecosystem and human society. Discuss the effects of melting glaciers on the environment and the measures that can be taken to address this issue.","10","Answer in 150"],[16,"Q.6 The White Revolution was most successful in the Western part of India. Discuss the factors for this regional success of the White Revolution.","10","Answer in 150"],[18,"Q.7 To what extent does seismic investigation contribute to our understanding of the Earth's interior structure? Analyze its significance in detail.","10","150"],[20,"Q.8 The pace of demographic transition varies across different states of India making population growth a double-edged sword. Comment.","10","Answer in 150"],[22,"Q.9 The ethnic and cultural diversity in India has always been bound by the thread of unity. Discuss the major factors that have contributed to the cultural unity of India.","10","150"],[24,"Q.10 The dichotomy in public and private life in Indian society acts as a major barrier to the annihilation of caste. Justify.","10","150"],[26,"Q.11 India was forced into numerous wars post Independence. Highlight the causes and impact of the Indo-Pak and Indo-China wars on our bilateral relationships.","15","Answer in 250"],[29,"Q.12 The process of consolidation of Bengal, which started after the Battle of Plassey culminated in the Battle of Buxar. Do you think the Battle of Buxar was more important for the British than Plassey?","15","Answer in 250"],[30,"II Culmination in Battle of Buxar\n1) Battle of Buxar acted as the final nail in\n4) Battle of Plassey provided for","",""],[32,"Q.13 Sanskrit literature in general and particularly in the Guptan age set a high watermark for the literary history of ancient India. Discuss.","15","Answer in 250"],[35,"Q.14 The configuration of the ocean floor provides essential information about the geological processes that have shaped the Earth's surface. Discuss the major features of the ocean floor and their significance in the study of oceanography.","15","250"],[38,"Q.15 With the growing demand for rare earth elements, their distribution has become a critical aspect of the global economy. Discuss the distribution of rare earth elements across the world, their uses and the environmental impact of their extraction.","15","250"],[41,"Q.16 Tourism in the hilly states is threatening to exceed the ecological carrying capacity of the region. Analyze the factors contributing to this trend and evaluate the potential Environmental impacts of this phenomenon. What measures can be taken to ensure sustainable tourism in these states?","15","250"],[44,"Q.17 The Indian monsoon is a complex phenomenon influenced by various climatic factors. Critically examine the role of oceanic and atmospheric factors in determining the intensity and distribution of monsoon rainfall in India.","15","250"],[47,"Q.18 Why do traditions in our society impede change? To what extent can social legislation be instrumental against old customary practices?","15","250"],[50,"Q.19 Slums are not 'problems' that have to be 'solved' -- but are indeed a result of lopsided and vested urban policies covering infrastructure provision and socio-economic issues. Analyse.","15","Answer in 250"],[53,"Q.20 Communalism gains strength from economic deprivation, and thrives in environments of social exclusion, creating fertile ground for discontent and division. Comment.","15","250"]]},{"i":211,"t":"Annapurna Singh","c":"Nextias","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/022c58f3f0988adf83a584c53e9d0ac5/110/pttp220600_tc072-test-02-gs02.pdf","q":[[6,"Q.1 There is a need to resolve the ambiguity in the disqualification provisions under section 8 of the Representation of People Act 1951. Discuss.","10","150"],[8,"Q.2 Constitution is a mere skeleton whereas constitutionalism is the soul of democracy. Discuss.","10","150"],[10,"Q.3 \"Electoral bonds are a double-edged sword, providing anonymity to donors while raising concerns about transparency in political funding.\" To what extent have electoral bonds further legitimized opacity in electoral funding?","10","150"],[12,"Q.4 The question of gender equality is central to the debate on Uniform Civil Code. In this light what are the challenges in reconciling UCC with gender equality as enshrined in the constitution?","10","150"],[14,"Q.5 The Governor's office is neither decorative nor inconsequential, it assumes a constitutional role of profound essence. To what extent does the Governor actively contribute to the governance of a state and reinforce the principles of federalism in the country?","10","150"],[16,"Q.6 Recently demand has been rising in a state regarding the enactment of Social Accountability Law. How such a law can lead to good governance and boost citizens' participation in decision-making.","10","150"],[18,"Q.7 There is a need for convergence of 'nutrition-specific' and 'nutrition-sensitive' interventions to effectively tackle child undernutrition in India. Examine.","10","Answer in 150"],[20,"Q.8 \"MGNREGA, the lynchpin of rural poverty alleviation, has become the victim of fiscal apathy.\" Critically analyze the statement in light of recent developments.","10","150"],[22,"Q.9 \"India must leverage, if not manage, the global divides\". How can the current geopolitical churn pave the way for India's rise to the global high table?","10","150"],[24,"Q.10 \"Berlin can be India's gateway to the European Union.\" Elaborate with respect to Germany's significance in India's relationship with the EU.","10","150"],[26,"Q.11 How has the Anti-Defection Law impacted the relationship between political parties and individual legislators in India? In light of the recent incidents also discuss the unintended consequences it has on the functioning of democracy in India.","15","250"],[29,"Q.12 Critics assert that limitless judicial authority rests on the structural ambiguity of the basic structure doctrine. Has the elastic nature of the basic structure doctrine made the judiciary more powerful than the executive?","15","250"],[32,"Q.13 Fundamental rights are not gifts bestowed upon by the state rather an individual possesses them independently of the state. In this context discuss the desirability of reasonable restrictions on various fundamental rights.","15","250"],[35,"Q.14 'S.R. Bommai v. Union of India signified a paradigm shift in the judicial interpretation of the union's authority to assume control of a state's administration.' In this context discuss the significance and impact of the judgement on cementing the federal structure.","15","250"],[38,"Q.15 The key to effective decentralization is, 'political decentralization should follow finance and functional decentralization'. Discuss in the context of impediments faced by local governance in India.","15","250"],[41,"Q.16 Multi-stakeholder partnerships are the key to leveraging collective expertise and networks. How can effective partnership and localized implementation efforts be fostered to accelerate the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in India?","15","Answer in 250"],[44,"Q.17 How has the implementation of the POSH Act resulted in limited success in raising awareness about sexual harassment, and what factors have hindered its effective outreach to women employed in the unorganized sector? Propose strategies to bridge this gap and ensure comprehensive protection for women in the unorganized sector against workplace harassment.","15","250"],[47,"Q.18 Neo-liberal reforms and globalization have deeply transformed the institutions of the welfare state and set the ground for a new type of civil services. In this context examine the challenges faced in service delivery and suggest adequate reforms.","15","250"],[50,"Q.19 China views India as its \"Asian Rival\" with an innate ability to counter its hegemonistic goals in Asia. Despite these difficulties in India-China relations, there are also many areas of convergence. Discuss.","15","Answer in 250"],[53,"Q.20 Indo-Pacific region in recent times has emerged as a zone of diverging interests and priorities. Discuss. Do you think the Global Security Initiative will supersede QUAD in the region?","15","Answer in 250"]]},{"i":212,"t":"Annapurna Singh","c":"Nextias","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/022c58f3f0988adf83a584c53e9d0ac5/112/pttp220600_tc074-test-04-gs-04.pdf","q":[[5,"1. (a) Public service requires not merely legal but also morally principled action. Public service requires the public servant to place loyalty to the constitution, laws, and ethical principles. Among the three, which do you think must acquire primacy while carrying out official functions? Why? Discuss.","10","150"],[7,"(b) What do you understand by \"integrity-based civil disobedience\"? Do you think a challenge to personal integrity can be a justifiable cause for responsible disobedience in civil services? Explain.","10","150"],[9,"2. (a) Recent research has shown that emotions significantly impact personal and professional lives. What are the primary emotions that negatively and positively impact workplace productivity? Explain with relevant examples.","10","150"],[11,"(b) Technical efficiency ensures resource utilization and social efficiency ensures fulfillment of social needs, what does ethical efficiency ensure? Do you think ethical efficiency is more important than technical and social efficiency? Why/Why not?","10","Answer in 150"],[13,"3 (a) \"Man cannot do right in one department of life whilst he is occupied in doing wrong in any other department.\" Gandhi.\nDo you think an individual's personal ethics impacts professional life or they both can be compartmentalized? Explain your position with relevant examples.","10","150"],[15,"(b) Goodness is the result of internal imperatives to do what is right, not sanctions from moral rules or rewards from expected consequences. Do you agree? Discuss.","10","150"],[17,"4. Explain the meaning of the following quotations and discuss their contemporary relevance.\n(a) \"To tolerate is purely an act of the mind. That is the essence of virtue. To tolerate is a strength.\" (Answer in 150 words) 10 Marks","10","150"],[19,"(b) \"It is our first duty to serve society, and after we have done that, we may attend wholly to the salvation of our souls.\"","10","150"],[21,"(c) \"Periods of peace are the empty pages in the history books\" (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[23,"5 (a) In the context of civil service, distinguish between moral and nonmoral values. Identify 5 basic moral values that can serve as foundational values for all service irrespective of the department. Give reasons why those values can be considered foundational.","10","150"],[26,"(b) Citizens' involvement in decision-making is critical to ethics in governance. Do you agree that effective civic engagement mechanisms can facilitate an ethics-driven administration? What do you think are the mechanisms that citizens can use for ensuring ethics in governance?","10","150"],[28,"6. (a) Social transformation programs such as \"beti bachao and beti padhao\" believes in using advice, counseling, and persuasion but sometimes a little force is also necessary for getting the desired response. Do you think it is a good idea to mix little force with persuasion by public administrators while implementing social schemes of transformation? Explain with relevant examples.","10","150"],[30,"(b) Ultimately foreign policy of every country hinges upon the strength which the nation possesses. Strength may be military or financial and may be also moral. Do you think ethical strength without military or financial muscle will be respected in today's world? Explain your position.","10","150"],[32,"7 You are a young officer working with the Municipal Corporation of an industrial city. The city was known for manufacturing ball bearings and auto parts. Most manufacturing units were small-scale units with very little production process automation. The units relied on manual labor, which was in abundance due to the villages close by. As the number of manufacturing units grew, the demand for labor increased, bringing in a steady inflow of laborers into the city. This influx of people into the town led to a mushrooming of slums and encroachments on the sidewalks. Once in a while, the Corporation conducted drives to clear out the slums but after a time, the slums came back. The illegal slums had become an urban nightmare. You were given the responsibility of clearing out the encroachments and slums with the help of Police authorities. As you started the drive, you realized that the people living by the sidewalks were vulnerable compared to the slum dwellers. Many sidewalk dwellers had recently come to the city after selling their properties in their villages. Now if you drive them out, they have no place to go. Your heart went out to them, and you felt that your departmental action was inhumane, but your official responsibilities demanded stern impartial action. You are desperate to find a way to help the sidewalk dwellers without compromising your official duties.\n(a) What value conflicts do you notice in the above situation?\n(b) Can an administrator compromise the value of impartiality for empathy? Discuss.\n(c) What are the options available in the above situation?\n(d) Suggest viable solutions for tackling illegal slums and encroachments in urban areas.","20","Answer in 250"],[37,"8 A certain State government was running a welfare scheme for promoting safe motherhood among rural landless laborers' families. The scheme involves the transfer of funds to the beneficiaries to enable them to mitigate income loss due to maternal care responsibilities. Since its implementation, the scheme has done reasonably well on maternal health and economic indicators. You are the Director of the Department responsible for implementing and operating the scheme. Recently you have been receiving reports of welfare fraud being committed by families by producing fake bona fide. The families committed the fraud with the help of local officials responsible for scrutinizing the bonafide. You were concerned because the fraud was seriously undermining the scheme's efficiency. You called for a departmental meeting to discuss and find a solution to the problem. In the meeting, it was decided to merge several available government data sets such as Aadhar cards, voter ID cards, marriage certificates, birth certificates, bank details, and other personal assets. By merging all the data sets, the department would be able to develop the beneficiary's economic profile. And this will help the department scrutinize the documents and detect fraud. This was a comprehensive strategy, but it risked violating an individual's data privacy. As a Department head, you wanted to detect and prevent fraud, but at the same time, you were apprehensive about violating the Data privacy of the stakeholders.\n(a) What are the issues involved in the above case?\n(b) Do you think violating data privacy is justified to prevent welfare fraud? Why/ Why not?\n(c) What, according to you, can be the reasons for such welfare frauds happening in the country?\n(d) Are there any ways and means to prevent such fraud? Give your suggestions.","20","Answer in 250"],[42,"9 You are posted in the Department of Mines, and one of your roles is to help your Department Head negotiate mining leases with private contractors. Recently, the state government demarcated a new mining zone and planned to invite bids for the mining blocs. You were instructed to oversee the bidding process and speed up the contract negotiations. As planned, the tenders were released, bids came in, and tenders were allocated as per the norms. All this happened at a breakneck speed. You wondered, why the hurry? But it was not your place to think and question; you quietly went about your work.\nAs the contractors were about to start operations, you had to instruct them on environmental concerns to watch out for. And to do that, you read the environmental impact assessment report submitted by a consulting firm hired by the department. To your surprise, the report was shoddy and looked cooked up. You got suspicious and raised the issue with your Head, who politely instructed you to do what you were told, and he reminded you that the Department had revenue targets and was under pressure from the Ministry.\nAfter the meeting, you, on your own accord, did some digging and found out that the report was fraudulent and the mining activity that was about to start would lead to a massive environmental disaster which the State could not afford.\n(a) What are the issues and value violations you notice in the above case?\n(b) What are the options available to you?\n(c) Discuss the advantage and disadvantages of each option and identify your chosen course of action.\n(d) Do you think that environmental considerations are sometimes overrated at the cost of development?","20","Answer in 250"],[47,"(a) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\n(a) उपरोक्त मामले में कौन-कौन से नैतिक मुद्दे शामिल हैं?\n(b) क्या आपको लगता है कि GAMA जैसे कॉर्पोरेट व्यवसायों को व्यावसायिक हितों को आगे बढ़ाते समय अंतरराष्ट्रीय नैतिकता पर विचार करना चाहिए? अगर हाँ तो क्यों, अगर नहीं तो क्यों नहीं?\n(c) क्या आपको लगता है कि एक कॉर्पोरेट की सामाजिक जिम्मेदारी उसके निकट समुदाय से कहीं बढ़कर अंतरराष्ट्रीय समुदाय तक फैली हुई है? अगर हाँ तो क्यों, अगर नहीं तो क्यों नहीं?\n(d) क्या आपको लगता है कि संवेदनशील प्रौद्योगिकियों का विपणन करने वाली रक्षा क्षेत्र की कंपनियों को उनकी संबंधित सरकारों द्वारा विनियमित किया जाना चाहिए, या विनियम उनकी उद्यमशीलता और नवाचार ऊर्जा को कम कर सकता है? चर्चा कीजिए।","20 अंक","250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए"],[48,"(b), (c), (d) (b) Do you think corporate businesses such as GAMA must consider international ethics while pursuing business interests? Why/why not?\n(c) Do you think a corporate's social responsibility extends beyond one's immediate community to the international community? Why/Why not?\n(d) Do you think the Defence sector companies marketing sensitive technologies must be regulated by their respective governments, or regulation may curtail their entrepreneurial and innovation energy? Discuss.","20","Answer in 250"],[49,"b International ethics while business interest","",""],[52,"11 (a) इस मामले में कौन-से नैतिक और व्यावसायिक मुद्दे शामिल हैं?\n(b) श्री शर्मा और सीईओ के पास कौन-कौन से विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\n(c) क्या आपको लगता है कि बिक्री कार्यबल को स्वतंत्रता देने की संगठनात्मक संस्कृति के कारण समस्या उत्पन्न हुई या व्यक्ति की भ्रष्ट प्रवृत्ति के कारण समस्या उत्पन्न हुई? चर्चा कीजिए।\n(d) जैसा कि इस मामले में बताया गया है, ऐसे अनैतिक व्यवहार को रोकने के लिए कंपनी कौन-से नैतिक तंत्र और उपाय निर्माण और कार्यान्वित कर सकती है? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)\na) इस मामले में कौन-से नैतिक और व्यावसायिक मुद्दे शामिल हैं?\nb) श्री शर्मा और सीईओ के पास कौन-कौन से विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\nc) क्या आपको लगता है कि बिक्री कार्यबल को स्वतंत्रता देने की संगठनात्मक संस्कृति के कारण समस्या उत्पन्न हुई या व्यक्ति की भ्रष्ट प्रवृत्ति के कारण समस्या उत्पन्न हुई? चर्चा कीजिए।\nd) जैसा कि इस मामले में बताया गया है, ऐसे अनैतिक व्यवहार को रोकने के लिए कंपनी कौन-से नैतिक तंत्र और उपाय निर्माण और कार्यान्वित कर सकती है?","20 अंक","250 शब्दों में"],[53,"(a) What are the ethical and business issues involved in the case?\n(b) What are the options available to Mr. Sharma and the CEO?\n(c) Do you think the organizational culture of giving freedom to the sales force led to the issue or was the individual's corrupt nature that led to the problem? Discuss.\n(d) What ethics mechanisms and steps can the company create and implement to prevent unethical behavior, as mentioned in the case?","20","Answer in 250"],[57,"12 (a) उपरोक्त मामले में कौन-कौन से मुद्दे शामिल हैं?\n(b) आपको क्या लगता है रश्मि को क्या करना चाहिए? क्या रश्मि के लिए स्थानीय प्रशासन को शामिल करना अच्छा विचार होगा? कार्यान्वयन योग्य कार्यवाही का सुझाव दीजिए।\n(c) क्या आपको लगता है कि कंपनियों को उस क्षेत्र की सामाजिक समस्याओं के लिए भी जिम्मेदारी स्वीकार करनी चाहिए जहाँ वे अपना कार्य करती हैं? अगर हाँ तो क्यों, अगर नहीं तो क्यों नहीं?\n(d) श्रमिक संघ की इतनी आक्रामक प्रतिक्रिया के क्या कारण हो सकते हैं? आपके अनुसार रश्मि को कर्मचारी संघ को कैसे संभालना चाहिए? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए) 20 अंक\na) उपरोक्त मामले में कौन-कौन से मुद्दे शामिल हैं?\nb) आपको क्या लगता है रश्मि को क्या करना चाहिए? क्या रश्मि के लिए स्थानीय प्रशासन को शामिल करना अच्छा विचार होगा? कार्यान्वयन योग्य कार्यवाही का सुझाव दीजिए।\nc) क्या आपको लगता है कि कंपनियों को उस क्षेत्र की सामाजिक समस्याओं के लिए भी जिम्मेदारी स्वीकार करनी चाहिए जहाँ वे अपना कार्य करती हैं? अगर हाँ तो क्यों, अगर नहीं तो क्यों नहीं?\nd) श्रमिक संघ की इतनी आक्रामक प्रतिक्रिया के क्या कारण हो सकते हैं? आपके अनुसार रश्मि को कर्मचारी संघ को कैसे संभालना चाहिए? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए) 20 अंक","20 अंक","250 शब्दों में"],[58,"(a) What are the issues involved in the above case?\n(b) What do you think Rashmi should do? Would it be a good idea for Rashmi to involve local administration? Suggest an implementable course of action.\n(c) Do you think companies should also accept responsibility for the social problems of the region where they operate? Why/why not?\n(d) What could be the reasons for such an aggressive reaction from the workers union? How do you think Rashmi should handle the workers union?\na) What are the issues involved in the above case?\nb) What do you think Rashmi should do? Would it be a good idea for Rashmi to involve local administration? Suggest an implementable course of action.\nc) Do you think companies should also accept responsibility for the social problems of the region where they operate? Why/why not?\nd) What could be the reasons for such an aggressive reaction from the workers union? How do you think Rashmi should handle the workers union?","20","Answer in 250"]]},{"i":214,"t":"Anshul","c":"Nextias","p":"GS1","y":null,"r":22,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/ee21bf4c91767f03906ea17bc7230b10/20/air-22-anshul-bhatt_test-5_gs1.pdf","q":[[21,"9 David E. Bloom in his work 'Demographic transition in East Asia' has show the positive relation between development and population","",""],[34,"Ans4 \"Does flapping of wings of a butterfly in Brazil affects the storm in Texas\" - Lorenzo.","",""],[40,"1b Geographical and Economic factors that influence the location of sugar industry","",""],[43,"Qn. 1 Dry land farming refers to production\na) ways in areas deficient in water.","",""]]},{"i":216,"t":"Anshul","c":"Nextias","p":"GS1","y":null,"r":22,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/ee21bf4c91767f03906ea17bc7230b10/23/air-22-anshul-bhatt_test-1_gs1.pdf","q":[[35,"Features of ocean floor and their significance in the study of oceanography","",""]]},{"i":213,"t":"Anshul","c":"Nextias","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":22,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/ee21bf4c91767f03906ea17bc7230b10/19/air-22-anshul-bhatt_test-6_gs2.pdf","q":[[5,"Why independent India failed to solve disputes","",""],[18,"Reason for law's explicit mention of Right to Health","",""],[28,"Ramification of population based ramification in federal tensions","",""],[42,"Transparency International describes corruption as the abuse of entrusted power for private gain?","",""]]},{"i":215,"t":"Anshul","c":"Nextias","p":"GS3","y":null,"r":22,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/ee21bf4c91767f03906ea17bc7230b10/22/air-22-anshul-bhatt_test-3_gs3.pdf","q":[[34,"Impact of irrigation on environment and natural resources","",""],[44,"Importance of Mangrove in maintaining tropical ecology","",""]]},{"i":217,"t":"Anupriya Rai","c":"Forumias","p":"Essay","y":2025,"r":258,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/ANUPRIYA-RAIUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-258-Sample-Essay-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"1. Happiness is nothing more than good health and a bad memory.","",""],[17,"2. Energy drives economies and sustains societies.","",""]]},{"i":219,"t":"Anupriya Rai","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2025,"r":258,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/ANUPRIYA-RAIUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-258-Sample-MGP-Copy-2.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1 Fundamental rights chapter of the constitution is the \"north star\" of the universe of constitutionalism. Examine.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Just because a person is offended by someone's speech or word; it does not mean that an offence has been committed. In this context, discuss the issues surrounding the use of the section 295A and 153A of IPC.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3 Present a comparative analysis of political system of India and Sri-Lanka. How far do you agree that the reason for the economic crisis in Sri-Lanka lies in its political structure?","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) The changed nature of civil society due to its professionalization has helped in deepening of democracy but at the cost of participation and accountability. Discuss.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) While National Green Tribunal (NGT) has made immense contribution to protection of environment, various structural and functional issues have limited its effectiveness. Comment.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) Policy of reservation, started to provide equality of opportunities, has fallen victim to political opportunism. Critically examine the success of affirmative actions in the country.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7 Unless the factors that prevent effective and full participation of persons with disability in political and public life are addressed, the goal of inclusiveness and empowerment will remain elusive. Analyze.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8 The criminal justice system has made the process itself a punishment leading to the prolonged incarceration of undertrials. Highlighting the reasons for the large number of undertrial prisoners, examine the desirability of a dedicated bail law.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9) China's interest in Russia is not only that of a strategic partner, but also for it being a strategic diversion for the west. Analyze.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10 Appraise the role of Indian diaspora in the economies of West Asia and Africa. What initiatives can be taken to address the issues faced by the diaspora in these regions?","10","150"],[23,"Q.11) Electoral reform is a continuous effort to make election funding transparent, election process inclusive, and political parties accountable. Discuss issues related to election funding, proposal for remote voting and regulation of Registered Unrecognized Political Parties (RUPPs).","15","250"],[26,"Q.12 Judicial accountability and independence are mutually reinforcing. Do you agree? In what ways can judicial accountability be enhanced without impinging on its independence?","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 Ordinances deny legislative legitimacy to executive actions and weakens democratic accountability of elected government. Discuss the rationale behind inclusion of ordinance making power in the constitution and various safeguards against its misuse. Has the ordinance making power outlived its utility in present times? Justify.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14) Multiplicity of central investigative agencies leads to not only problems of overlapping jurisdiction and duplication of functions but also dilution of federal principles. Highlighting various issues related to the functioning of central investigating agencies, argue the case for an independent umbrella body for their regulation.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 The achievement of Sustainable Development Goals by 2030 can happen only if we consider local context and situations. In light of this statement, examine the critical role as well as capabilities of PRIs in meeting the SDGs.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16 Ayushman Bharat is a revolutionary intervention but falls short of recognizing the right to health as a universal basic right. In this perspective, discuss the need for and impediments in ensuring the right to health for all in the country.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 Assess the performance of MGNREGA in generation of sustainable employment and creation of durable assets in rural India. Can this model be replicated in urban areas as well?","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 Poverty is driving women into the workforce, while education seems to drive them out of it. What explains this anomaly? How can Self Help Groups (SHGs) correct this aberration?","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 Rather than seeing it as a replacement for SAARC, BIMSTEC must be appreciated for its critical role as a bridge between South Asia and ASEAN. Analyze.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 Compare the aims and objectives of I2U2 and Quad. What importance does I2U2 hold for India?","15","250"]]},{"i":218,"t":"Anupriya Rai","c":"Forumias","p":"GS3","y":2025,"r":258,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/ANUPRIYA-RAIUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-258-Sample-MGP-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) Open Network for Digital Commerce (ONDC) seeks to democratize the nation's online market by catalysing a shift from a platform centric to an open model of e-commerce. Enumerate the issues in platform centric e-commerce model and discuss the significance of ONDC.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Highlighting the existing bottlenecks in infrastructure development in the country, examine the role of PM Gati Shakti-National Master Plan for Multi-Modal Connectivity to overcome these challenges.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) Often cited as responsible for many of the agriculture's maladies, Minimum Support Price (MSP) policy can also provide their remedies. Analyze the statement with special reference to issues related to mono-cropping and climate change.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4 Explain the critical role of the fisheries sector for development of coastal areas. Describing the major outcomes of the 12th ministerial of WTO, discuss India's concerns related to the impact of these outcomes on fisheries sector in the country.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) What are the advantages of liquid nano urea over conventional fertilizers? Also bring out other applications of nanotechnology in the agriculture sector.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) Discuss the reasons for rising anti-microbial resistance (AMR) in India and the efforts to control it. Can traditional medicine help in controlling AMR in the country?","10","150"],[15,"Q.7 Critically evaluate the various government initiatives to promote renewable energy in the country. How far can the Energy Conservation (Amendment) Bill, 2022 contribute towards the objective of decarbonizing the economy?","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) Frequent sea incursions and accelerated coastal erosion pose a grave threat to our environment. Analyzing their impacts, propose some corrective measures.","10","150"],[19,"Q9 Emerging internal security threats of the 21st century call for a modern, efficient and responsive police force. In this perspective, present a case for well-rounded police reforms.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10) Money laundering undermines the integrity of the financial system and threatens national security. Elaborate. How effective has Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002 (PMLA) been in checking the problem of money laundering in the country?","10","150"],[23,"Q11 In the five years since its launch to create \"One Nation, One Tax, One Market\", Goods and Services Tax (GST) has been a cause of celebration as well as a source of worry for the stakeholders. In light of this statement, assess the performance of GST.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12 Discussing the reasons for high Non-Performing Assets (NPAs) in Indian banking sector, critically examine the utility of Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC) and National Asset Reconstruction Company Ltd (NARCL) for reducing financial stress on banks.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 While post-independence policies have transformed India from a 'ship to mouth' economy to a net exporter of agri-products, nutrition security is yet an unrealized objective. Analyze.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 Examine the critical role of Food Corporation of India (FCI) in food management in the country. Highlight various challenges faced by the FCI and suggest reforms to make it more effective in its functioning.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15) What do you understand by Artificial Intelligence (AI)? Analyze its predictive and prescriptive applications to improve governance in the country and list out the challenges inherent in AI.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16 How is 5G different from previous generations of tele-communication technology? Underlining the transformative application of 5G technology, discuss various challenges in its roll-out.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 Why is Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) seen as a regulatory hurdle to development rather than an integral part of developmental planning? How far can the recently proposed ranking system for State EIA Authorities (SEIAA) help in changing this perception?","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 Unscientific, unmindful and unregulated tourism in the ecologically fragile areas has increased the vulnerabilities of these regions towards a plethora of disasters. Examine the statement and suggest strategies for sustainable tourism.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 How are 'hybrid-militants' different from militants and Over Ground Workers (OGW)? In what ways have hybrid-militants changed the security concerns in Jammu and Kashmir? Also recommend effective measures to counter them.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20) Explain the linkages of human trafficking with other illicit activities such as drug trafficking, gun-running, and terrorism. Discuss the measures to tackle the menace of human trafficking with special reference of draft Trafficking in Persons (Prevention, Care & Rehabilitation) Bill 2021.","15","250"]]},{"i":220,"t":"Anupriya Rai","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":2025,"r":258,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/ANUPRIYA-RAIUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-258-Sample-MGP-Copy-3.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) Ethical governance is the foundation of a welfare state. Identify essential ethical traits of a welfare state. Discuss ways and means to promote ethics in governance.","10","150"],[5,"b) While one group considers abortion as unmitigated evil, the other sees it as morally acceptable. Analyse various ethical concerns related to abortion and give your opinion on the issue.","10","150"],[7,"Q.2) a) Conscience keeps ethics from fading when faced with a tough decision. Discuss in context of civil servants.","10","150"],[9,"b) What are the various conflicts of values that civil servants face while performing their duty? How can such conflicts be resolved? Discuss with illustrations.","10","150"],[11,"Q.3) a) Emotional intelligence (EI) not only helps in managing stress but also transforms distress into eustress. Elaborate with relevant examples.","10","150"],[13,"b) Differentiate between the following:\ni. Gratitude and Gratification\nii. Moral myopia vs Moral muteness","10","150"],[15,"Q.4) a) Although attitude and behaviour are interrelated, the former is a predisposition while the latter is an option. Discuss the structure of attitude and explain the relationship between attitude and behaviour.","10","150"],[17,"b) Civil servants should work for a cause and not for applause. In light of this statement, examine why bureaucratic anonymity is considered a foundational value for a civil servant. How far do you agree that the principle of bureaucratic anonymity has been diluted in the age of social media?","10","150"],[19,"Q.5) What does each of the following quotation mean to you?\na) A man can give up a right, but he may not give up a duty without being guilty of a grave dereliction.","10","150"],[21,"b) Justice without force is futile, force without justice is tyrannical.","10","150"],[23,"Q.6) a) Ethics in international relations is a myth, only national interest determines the foreign policy. How far do you agree with this statement? Discuss with suitable illustrations.","10","150"],[25,"b) It is not power, but fear that corrupts. Fear of losing power corrupts those who wield it and fear of the scourge of power corrupts those who are subject to it. Examine the statement in context of political corruption.","10","150"],[27,"c) Education is the kindling of a flame, not the filling of a vessel. What do you understand by this statement? In your opinion, which five values should Indian education system inculcate in every student? Justify your choice.","10","150"],[29,"Q.7 Based on this case study, answer the following:\na) Identify various ethical issues involved in this incident.\nb) In your opinion, whether vaccine mandates are a violation of individual liberty or a reasonable restriction on personal freedom. Justify.\nc) Discuss the ethical responsibility of famous personalities while conducting themselves in public.","20","250"],[30,"इस केस स्टडी के आधार पर, निम्नलिखित के उत्तर दें :\na) इस घटना में शामिल विभिन्न नैतिक मुद्दों की पहचान करें।\nb) आपकी राय में, क्या वैक्सीन अधिनियम व्यक्तिगत स्वतंत्रता का उल्लंघन है या व्यक्तिगत स्वतंत्रता पर उचित प्रतिबंध है। औचित्य सिद्ध करें।\nc) सार्वजनिक रूप से स्वयं का संचालन करते समय प्रसिद्ध व्यक्तियों की नैतिक जिम्मेदारी पर चर्चा करें।","","20 अंक"],[34,"Q.8 You are an IFS officer who heads a diplomatic mission in a European country. You live there with your wife and children. Your parents and few of your relatives are also visiting you for vacation. The country is known for its scenic mountains and it is a popular destination for tourists. In an unexpected turn of events, the country in which you are posted has been attacked by its neighbour due to some unresolved bilateral issues. All the major transportation channels have been adversely impacted by the attack. Flights have been cancelled and airspace above the country has been declared unsafe for commercial aircrafts. You have received an urgent communication from New Delhi asking you to prepare a plan for evacuation of Indians from the besieged country. You have been informed that a friendly neighbouring country of India has sought India's help to evacuate its citizens. Due to war, only a limited number of people can be evacuated in one go and multiple rounds would be required for evacuating everyone. You have identified following groups of people who are to be evacuated:\ni You, your wife, children, parents and relatives.\nii Diplomatic staff at the mission.\niii Indian tourists visiting the country.\niv Indian students studying in the country.\nv A film crew and actors who were shooting a film in the country. These include some of the biggest names of Bollywood.\nvi Citizens of the friendly neighbouring country that has requested India's help.\n As a civil services officer of the state, what would be the order in which you would evacuate these people and why? Give Justifications.","20","250"],[39,"Q.9) Rashmi is a young IPS officer who is posted as the SP law and order in a district that has a history of communal clashes. During a cultural event, a political leader made certain controversial comments regarding the religion of another community that can potentially harm communal harmony in the district. The representatives of the aggrieved community met Rashmi with their complaint. An FIR was registered in the matter and the police department promptly started an investigation. During questioning, the accused political leader denied the charges. He claimed that he was exercising his right to freedom of expression and had no intention of hurting anyone's feelings. He even offered to tender an apology if his statement had hurt someone's religious feelings. However, the aggrieved community was not satisfied with this apology and demanded strict action against the accused. The next day, a video went viral on social media in which the accused political leader can be seen making derogatory statements against another religious faith. However, Rashmi suspects that the video going viral on the internet is a doctored video and someone has mischievously edited it to make it more vitriolic and inflammatory. The video has ignited communal tensions in the district. The accused political leader belongs to an influential community and his community has put their support behind him. Local intelligence has warned that some anti-social elements are trying to use this opportunity to create communal riot in the district. The entire matter has been politicized and is being covered by the national media. In this situation answer the following:\na) What differentiates a hate speech from a free speech?\nb) Why does social media have a very strong influence over the actions and thoughts of its users?\nc) What is the most suitable course of action for Rashmi in this situation? Justify.","20","250"],[40,"a) Hate speech and triggering of communal sentiments have in recent years caused disruption in community harmony and spirit of brotherhood.","",""],[41,"b) Social media have strong influence over its users because:-\n1 Serve as a quick and mass-coverage tool of communication Eg- Facebook\n2 Allow spread of hate content with speed of a wildfire - Zakir Naik speech\n3 Influential personalities misuse social media to spread disharmony","",""],[44,"Q.10) In this scenario, answer the following:\na) Why do doctors face violence in the country?\nb) Identify various moral-ethical and administrative lapses in this case.\nc) What would you recommend in this case? Give rationale behind giving those recommendations.","20","250"],[45,"a) देश में डॉक्टरों को हिंसा का सामना क्यों करना पड़ता है?\nb) इस मामले में विभिन्न नैतिक-नीति विषयक और प्रशासनिक खामियों की पहचान करें।\nc) इस मामले में आप क्या सुझाव देंगे? उन सुझावों को देने के पीछे तर्क दीजिए।","","20 अंक"],[49,"Q.11 On the basis of above case study, answer the following:\na) Identify various ethical dilemmas involved in this case study.\nb) What can be the other options to achieve justice in the given case, apart from demolition of the illegal towers? Evaluate each of these options and suggest the most suitable option.","20","250"],[54,"Q.12) Lithium is emerging as the new gold in the modern world. It is used extensively in making rechargeable batteries that are used across phones, laptops, electric vehicles etc. As the world is transitioning towards clean energy, demand for lithium is rising exponentially. India is dependent on imports for her lithium needs. Recently, a large lithium deposit has been found during a geological survey in Central India. According to initial estimates, the reserve is large enough to not only fulfill domestic requirements but also leave enough surplus for India to export lithium to other countries. The news of this discovery is covered by national media. This reserve can provide much needed impetus to adoption and development of green energy technologies in the country. Many prominent union ministers have expressed their desire for timely development of lithium mines and claimed that this discovery to be an outcome of their far-sighted governance and development model.\n\nAmit is a senior government official who has been appointed as project development officer for this mining project. During initial assessment of the project, Amit found that the discovered reserve lies inside a forest inhabited by tribals. This is a pristine forest, hitherto untouched by humans, other than indigenous tribal communities. This forest hosts a wide variety of flora and fauna, many of which are endemic. Further, the lithium reserve lies at the foothill of a hillock. This hillock has a small shrine where the deity worshipped by the tribals is located. Lithium mining in this area would mean destruction of forest, blasting of the mountain where shrine of the tribal deity is located and displacement of tribals. The tribal population is against this mining project; They consider this project as an assault on their way of life and culture. Intelligence report suggests that if these tribals are forcefully displaced and their shrine destroyed, they can become easy targets for the Naxal indoctrination and create a security nightmare for the state. On the other hand, Amit is facing political pressure for execution of this project and has been repeatedly reminded that not only this project is of national importance but also can be a stepping stone for his career.\n\nAmit is your colleague and a close friend. He asks you for your advice in this matter. Based on the described situation, help Amit identify various ethical dilemmas in this case. In your opinion, what is the most suitable course of action for Amit? Justify your choice.","20","250"]]},{"i":221,"t":"Anushtha Kalia","c":"Forumias","p":"Essay","y":2025,"r":228,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/ANUSHTHA-KALIAUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-228-Sample-ESSAY-1.pdf","q":[[5,"Were women missing historically?","",""],[6,"Today's missing women: where and why?","",""],[9,"Are all women MISSING?","",""],[21,"How can leaders become empowering?","",""]]},{"i":944,"t":"Apala Mishra","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/188aYtJtZ4OuIEHs3R5pi7SKIjguCZfZF/view","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) What do you understand by \"public\" in public service? List out the principles of Public Life as recommended by the Nolan Committee in this context.","10","150"],[5,"b) Public funds suffers from three problems - Misutilisation, Underutilisation and misappropriation. Examine.","10","150"],[7,"Q.2) a) It is said that everyone has a conscience. What then explains immoral acts by people?","10","150"],[9,"b) Discuss the inherent contradictions in synthesising Law and Compassion. How can law be made more compassionate?","10","150"],[11,"Q.3) a) Amendments to the RTI Act are said to completely undermine the original purpose of the Act. Do you agree with this view?","10","150"],[13,"b) The recent cases of businesses indulging in loot of public money is a sign that business and ethics are incompatible. Give your views?","10","150"],[15,"Q.4) What do each of the following quotations mean to you?\na) \"An unexamined life is not worth living\". - Socrates.","10","150"],[17,"b) \"A man is but the product of his thoughts. What he thinks he becomes.\" - M.K. Gandhi","10","150"],[19,"Q.5) a) Distinguish between a) Persuasion and Manipulation, b) Persuasion and Propaganda.","10","150"],[21,"b) Discuss how attitude is formed. Why is it difficult to change attitude once formed?","10","150"],[23,"Q.6) a) Critically examine the role of family and society in inculcating values in an individual.","10","150"],[25,"b) What role does Emotional Intelligence play in the personal and professional life of a Civil Servant?","10","150"],[27,"c) What is the role of neutrality in building good relations between the Minister and the Civil Servant?","10","150"],[29,"Q.7) You are an anthropologist assigned to stay with a tribe which lives in deep forests. You should prepare a case study regarding their ways of living and culture. You have been asked to study them without interfering in their rituals and culture. You realize that the tribe practices selective infanticide based on their religious beliefs, and have unintentionally been a witness to it. Some people from the adjoining areas have filed a complaint against this to the police. You have been summoned to the Police Station for questioning.\nAnswer the below questions based on the information provided above.\na) What choices do you have?\nb) Every choice that you make will have a negative and a positive impact. Analyse the consequences of each of your choices.","20","250"],[33,"Q.8) You are working a Sub Divisional Magistrate in a district with natural resources. A powerful organized mafia in the district has come under your scanner which has been indulging in illegal mining. You want to act, but you have received direct threats from them. You have also been promised incentives for not taking any action. On seeking advice from your immediate superior, you are advised to turn a blind eye to the whole issue. You contacted the mining department head in the state capital for the same reporting both - the issue and the advice of your superior. Your department head advises you to listen to your superior or seek a transfer.\n\nYou once again take up this issue with your superior. Your superior tells you that many people are employed as labourers and daily wage workers by the illegal mining industry. This will ruin livelihoods and lead to local unrest.\na) What are the possible courses of actions for you in the given circumstances?\nb) What course of action will you finally choose and why?","20","250"],[37,"Q.9) You are leading a rescue operation in a flood affected area. The flood has wreaked havoc and thousands of people and their homes are stranded in deep water. There has been a severe shortage of food and drinking water since the last few days. Because of the difficult topography of the area and heavy rainfall, the rescue operation is taking a lot of time. You have also lost information about one of your rescue team members who has become untraceable. It has been one of the most challenging assignments of your life. When your team finally reaches one of the rescue spots, the people there abuse and assault your man because of the pent-up anger. The remaining team members are now requesting you to call off the rescue operation as they are worried about their own safety. Also, your efforts are being shown in a negative light by the print and electronic media.\n\nIdentify the ethical dilemma involved. How will you handle the situation in such circumstances? List the qualities which should be at display by the officer in such circumstances.","20","250"],[41,"Q.10 In a modern democratic polity, there is a concept of the political executive and permanent executive elected people's representatives forms the political executive and bureaucracy form the permanent executive. Ministers frame policy decisions and bureaucrats execute these. In the initial decades after independence, the relationship between the permanent executives and the political executives were characterized by mutual understanding, respect, and cooperation, without encroaching upon each other's domain.\n\nHowever, in subsequent decades, the situation has changed. There are instances of the political executive insisting upon the permanent executives to follow its agenda. Respect for an appreciation of upright bureaucrats has declined. There is an increasing tendency among the political executive to get involved in routine administrative matters such as transfers, posting etc. Under this scenario, there is a definitive trend towards 'politicization of bureaucracy'. The rising materialism and acquisitiveness in social life has also adversely impacted upon the ethical values of both the permanent executive and the political executive.\n\nWhat are the consequences of this 'politicization of bureaucracy'? Discuss.","20","250"],[45,"Q.11 In one of the districts of a frontier state, narcotics menace has been rampant. This has resulted in money laundering, mushrooming of poppy farming, arms smuggling and near stalling of education. The system is on the verge of collapse. The situation has been further worsened by unconfirmed reports that local politicians, as well as some senior police officers, are providing surreptitious patronage to the drug mafia. At that point of time a woman police officer, known for her skills in handling such situations is appointed as superintendent of police to bring the situation to normalcy.\n\nIf you are the same police officer, identify the various dimensions of the crisis. Based on your understanding, suggest measures to deal with the crisis.","20","250"],[49,"Q.12 In recent times, there has been an increasing concern in India to develop effective civil service ethics, code of conduct, transparency measures, ethics and integrity systems and anti-corruption agencies. In view of this, there is a need being felt to focus on three specific areas, which are directly relevant to the problems of internalizing integrity and ethics in the civil services. These are as follows:\na) Anticipating specific threats to ethical standards and integrity in the civil services,\nb) Strengthening the ethical competence of civil servant and\nc) Developing administrative processes and practices which promote ethical values and integrity in civil services.\n Suggest institutional measures to address the above three issues.","20","250"]]},{"i":223,"t":"Apurva Verma","c":"Vision","p":"GS3","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/327fc-623655_4512_apurva-verma_rank_42.pdf","q":[[6,"1. Analyse the factors that have contributed to India's inclusive economic growth in the past decade. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[8,"2. The Reserve Bank of India's surplus transfers offer the government much-needed fiscal space, yet they are not without challenges. Critically examine the implications of the RBI's surplus transfers to the government.","10","150"],[10,"3. To what extent was the first National Monetization Pipeline (NMP) able to meet its objectives? What are the objectives of the new Asset Monetization Plan 2025-30 as announced in the recent 2025 Budget? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[12,"4. Examine the major challenges hindering the Indian textile industry from achieving its full potential in the global value chain. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[14,"5. Why has India become increasingly import-dependent for edible oils despite being a major agricultural economy? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"6. Air accidents are low-frequency but high-impact events. Examine the disaster management protocols in place for aviation-related emergencies in India. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[18,"7. Chemical pollution poses a grave threat to human health and the environment in India. Discuss the key sources contributing to pervasive chemical contamination and evaluate the effectiveness of existing environmental laws in curbing this problem.","10","150"],[20,"8. Missile defence systems are becoming critical for national security in the face of evolving regional threats and advanced weapon technologies. Explain the working principle of missile defence systems. Critically assess India's progress in developing indigenous missile defence capabilities.","10","150"],[22,"9. Despite multiple resolutions and initiatives undertaken by the United Nations Security Council (UNSC), its efforts to counter terrorism have achieved limited success. Discuss the reasons for this limited effectiveness.","10","150"],[24,"10. India practices a ‘multi-alignment’ approach in its cyber diplomacy. How does this posture strengthen India’s internal security while maintaining strategic autonomy? (Answer in 150 words)","","150"],[26,"11. While examining the shortcomings of the land reforms in the past, elaborate what land reforms 2.0 should look like. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[29,"12. As NITI Aayog completes 10 years of its establishment, critically examine its role in the planning and development paradigm of governance in India.","15","250"],[32,"13. What are the primary causes of limited formal credit penetration among the rural and unbanked populations in India? Comment on the effectiveness of Small Finance Banks in addressing this gap and advancing inclusive financial growth.","","250"],[35,"14. To what extent has the Production Linked Incentive Scheme for the food processing industry facilitated value addition, employment generation, and global competitiveness in India's food processing industry? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[38,"15. Waste circularity is emerging as a sustainable solution to India's mounting solid waste crisis. Discuss the key principles of waste circularity and the government's initiative in this regard. How effective have these measures been in fostering a circular economy? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[41,"16. Discuss the importance of integrating traditional ecological knowledge of India's tribal communities with modern disaster management frameworks. Mention two examples where indigenous practices have contributed to disaster resilience. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[44,"17. CRISPR technology has rapidly advanced in recent years, with new tools and clinical breakthroughs. Highlight the recent developments in CRISPR-based gene editing technology applications. Discuss the opportunities and ethical challenges these advancements present for healthcare and society.","15","250"],[47,"18 A credible semiconductor ecosystem is pivotal for India's economic security as much as for national security. Analyse the strategic objectives, incentives, and institutional architecture of the India Semiconductor Mission (ISM). Identify the major risks that could derail its timelines.","15","Answer in 250"],[50,"19. Intricate inter-play of diverse factors has been the force multipliers for extremism in the North East. Discuss. Suggest a multilayered strategy to tackle the menace of extremism in this region. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[53,"20. Despite recent steps towards inducting women into combat roles, their participation remains low. Examine the key challenges impeding the greater inclusion of women in the Indian armed forces. Also, suggest suitable measures to enhance their participation. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"]]},{"i":222,"t":"Apurva Verma","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/d70d5-623655_4513_apurva-verma_rank_42.pdf","q":[[6,"1. (a) Compassion is the courageous choice to feel another's suffering as one's own, and to act upon it, even when silence is safer and indifference is easier. Examine the significance of compassion as an essential ethical value for civil servants in India. Illustrate your answer with suitable examples.","10","150"],[8,"1. (b) Marriages in India are transitioning from traditional sacramental unions to more autonomous relationships, reflected in live-in relationships and rising divorce rates. Discuss the ethical dimensions of these changes.","10","150"],[10,"2. (a) While accountability often necessitates documentation, an overemphasis on bureaucratic procedures and excessive paperwork can inadvertently silence the very voices that public policy intends to empower, particularly at the grassroots. Examine the above statement with suitable illustrations.","10","Answer in 150"],[12,"2. (b) The principle of impartiality may conflict with the need for compassion towards marginalized communities. Discuss in the context of civil services in India.","10","150"],[14,"3 (a) What do each of the following quotations mean to you?\n(a) \"The strength of a nation derives from the integrity of the home.\" - Confucius (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"3. (b) \"Act only according to that maxim through which you can at the same time will that it become a universal law.\" - Immanuel Kant (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[18,"3. (c) \"We are not only responsible for what we do, but also for what we fail to do\"- Molière. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[20,"4. (a) Patriotism encourages ethical questioning, while nationalism often suppresses it. Discuss this statement in light of the formation of political attitudes during high-pressure national events. How can individuals develop moral attitudes that balance national interest with ethical reasoning?","10","150"],[22,"4. (b) Discuss how employee well-being and fairness can be balanced with efficiency and profitability in private organisations.","10","150"],[24,"5. (a) Do you agree that excessive use of social media and emerging AI technologies may lead to a decline in emotional regulation and moral sensitivity among adolescents? Justify your answer.","10","150"],[26,"5. (b) In light of the increasing incidents of suicides among students in India, discuss how Emotional Intelligence (EI) can aid in managing stress and emotional challenges.","10","150"],[28,"6. (a) In public service, emotional intelligence is not about suppressing emotion, but mastering its purpose — to connect, to de-escalate, and to uplift others with empathy and strength. Do you agree with this view? Discuss.","10","150"],[30,"6. (b) An efficient work culture is built not only on rules, but on shared values. In this context, evaluate the role of leadership and team dynamics in transforming work culture within an organization.","10","150"],[32,"7 You are posted as the Joint Secretary in the Department of Information Technology of a state. The government recently implemented several citizen-centric digital services, collecting large volumes of personal data from residents. The Digital Personal Data Protection (DPDP) Act, 2023, requires that such data be processed only with explicit and informed consent, and mandates that processing must cease immediately upon withdrawal of consent.\n\nDuring an internal audit, you discover that the department continues to process and analyze personal data of several citizens even after they have formally withdrawn their consent. This data is being used for policy analytics and service improvement, purposes not explicitly disclosed at the time of data collection. When you bring this to the attention of your department head, you are informed that halting the processing will disrupt ongoing digital initiatives and may affect state-level performance metrics. Moreover, you find that the consent withdrawal process is cumbersome, and many citizens are unaware of their rights under the DPDP Act.\n\nYou also learn that a prominent social activist is planning to file a complaint with the Data Protection Board against involuntary use of personal data, which could attract public scrutiny and legal action against the department.\n(a) Identify and discuss the ethical issues involved in this case.\n(b) What are the potential consequences for the department if the issue is not addressed transparently?\n(c) How would you balance the need for efficient public service delivery with the obligation to protect citizens’ data rights? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[37,"8 You are an IAS officer, currently serving as the Secretary of the Public Works Department in a hill state. Recently, a disturbing incident has come to light involving a senior Cabinet Minister and two engineers of the National Highways Authority of India (NHAI). During an inspection of a critical highway project, the Minister was allegedly seen on video physically assaulting and verbally abusing the engineers in full public view. The video, recorded by bystanders, went viral on social media and was widely covered by television channels, sparking both outrage and support from different sections of society. The Minister later defended his actions, alleging that the officials were corrupt, unresponsive to local grievances, and responsible for inordinate delays in the project. He insisted that his actions were driven by public frustration and the urgency of delivering infrastructure to a remote region.\n\nHowever, the engineers have filed a police complaint and written to their superiors, claiming they were targeted for resisting political pressure to award contracts to specific local contractors linked to the Minister. As the situation escalated, a union of NHAI engineers declared a strike,\n(a) इस प्रकरण में शामिल प्रमुख नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं? हितधारकों और उनके परस्पर विरोधी हितों की पहचान कीजिए।\n(b) लोक निर्माण विभाग के सचिव के रूप में, आप उपयुक्त स्थिति में क्या कार्रवाई करेंगे?\n(c) ऐसी घटनाएं सिविल सेवकों के मनोबल और शासन में जनता के विश्वास को कैसे प्रभावित करती हैं? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250"],[38,"(a) What are the key ethical issues involved in this situation? Identify the stakeholders and their conflicting interests.\n(b) As the Secretary of the PWD, what actions will you take in above situation?\n(c) How do such incidents affect the morale of civil servants and public trust in governance? (Answer in 250 words)\na) What are the key ethical issues involved in this situation? Identify the stakeholders and their conflicting interests.\nb) As the Secretary of the PWD, what actions will you take in above situation?\nc) How do such incidents affect the morale of civil servants and public trust in governance?","","250"],[42,"9 You are the Secretary in the Department of Personnel and Training (DoPT), Government of India. In recent years, an increasing number of civil servants, particularly younger officers from the IAS, IPS, and IRS, have begun maintaining personal YouTube channels and social media pages. On these platforms, they regularly post videos related to their official work — showcasing innovative projects, public outreach initiatives, inspection drives, and sometimes even day-to-day administrative duties.\n\nThese videos often receive widespread public attention, and many viewers express admiration, saying such content enhances transparency, motivates aspirants, and humanizes the bureaucracy. However, concerns have also emerged from various quarters. Senior officers argue that such content may blur the boundaries between personal branding and public service, while some citizens and media commentators point to instances where videos feature vulnerable beneficiaries without consent, raise concerns about misuse of official premises, or seem designed more for personal popularity than public accountability.\n\nYou have been asked to prepare a report, including recommendations, to maintain a balance between public interest, institutional integrity, and evolving modes of communication.\n(a) Identify the ethical issues involved in civil servants publicly showcasing their official work on social media platforms.\n(b) Do such efforts promote awareness and motivation, or do they compromise anonymity, neutrality, and the values of collective service? Give your opinion.\n(c) As Secretary, what guiding principles and policy measures would you suggest to ensure digital accountability of civil servants? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[43,"You have been asked to prepare a report with recommendations to balance public interest, institutional integrity, and evolving modes of communication.\n(a) Identify the ethical issues involved in civil servants publicly showcasing their official work on social media.\n(b) Do such practices promote awareness and motivation, or do they compromise the values of anonymity, neutrality, and collective service ethos? Give your opinion.\n(c) As the Secretary, what guiding principles and policy recommendations would you suggest to ensure responsible digital engagement by civil servants? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[47,"10 You are the Director of the National Bioethics Commission who is responsible for assessing the ethical feasibility and oversight of a nationwide gene sequencing program. The project named GeneFuture, aims to sequence the DNA of every newborn child and store it in a centralized national database. The objective is to identify genetic predispositions to serious diseases early in life, allowing for preventive treatment and personalized medicine. Over 100,000 babies have already been enrolled in the pilot phase of the program. The government claims that this move is a landmark step in public health advancement.\n\nHowever, collection of newborn genetic data raises significant ethical concerns, particularly around informed consent, which may not fully capture parents' understanding of the long-term risks involved. Once gathered, this sensitive data could be misused for purposes such as surveillance, insurance discrimination, or commercial marketing by third parties. Uncertainty over data ownership—whether it lies with the state, parents, or the individual as they mature—further complicates the issue. The involvement of private tech and pharmaceutical companies heightens fears of commercial exploitation, especially in the absence of clear mechanisms for individuals to withdraw consent or delete their genetic information upon reaching adulthood.\n(a) What are the ethical issues you perceive in the implementation of the GeneFuture program?\n(b) Identify the conflicting interests of different stakeholders in this case.\n(c) What guiding ethical principles would you recommend for implementation of this project? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[52,"11. You are a dedicated District Health Officer (DHO) with a strong commitment to evidence-based public health practices, recently assigned to a remote district in India. Your immediate and most critical task is to lead a crucial district-wide Measles-Rubella (MR) vaccination drive, aimed at achieving 100% immunization coverage among children aged 9 months to 15 years. The success of this drive is vital for the collective health of thousands of children and for the district's overall health indicators, especially with the impending monsoon season posing additional health challenges.\n\nHowever, in one of the largest and most traditional villages in your district, you encounter formidable resistance. The villagers, deeply influenced by the pronouncements of a revered local spiritual leader, strongly believe that vaccination is an attack on evil spirits and that traditional herbal remedies and blessings provide sufficient protection. This spiritual leader, who is actually a well-intentioned but rigid individual, publicly advises his followers to oppose vaccination. As a result, vaccination camps in the village have been almost completely boycotted. Your health workers, some of whom are local and face social ostracism or even threats of physical harm, are struggling to overcome this resistance. The state health department is under intense pressure to meet vaccination targets and has warned against using force, as it could lead to public unrest. Meanwhile, a large annual fair is about to be held, attracting people from many villages and areas. If this village remains unvaccinated, the spread of MR could become a serious and immediate threat to the entire district and beyond.\n(a) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the above scenario.\n(b) What immediate alternatives do you have to peacefully address this resistance?\n(c) Suggest long-term strategies and systemic improvements to scientifically counter widespread superstition and enhance community health outcomes. (Answer in about 250 words)","","250"],[53,"(a) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the above case.\n(b) What are the immediate options available to you to overcome this resistance?\n(c) What long-term strategies and systemic reforms would you suggest to address the pervasive influence of superstition and foster a scientific temperament for sustainable public health outcomes? (Answer in 250 words)\na) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the above case.\nb) What are the immediate options available to you to overcome this resistance?\nc) What long-term strategies and systemic reforms would you suggest to address the pervasive influence of superstition and foster a scientific temperament for sustainable public health outcomes?","20","250"],[54,"(a) Ethical issues involved:\n1 Consensus-based vaccination in a vaccine-dissent population\n2 Lack of education fuelling misinformation and fake news\n3 Chances of a wide outbreak vs Right to choice of people\n4 Blind faith vs scientific evidence\n5 Social ostracization vs violent behaviour\n6 Target sampling vs People's hesitancy","",""],[57,"12. You are a highly motivated and principle-driven Gram Panchayat Secretary, recently posted in a large and socio-economically diverse village in a remote district. Your immediate and most critical task is the meticulous verification of beneficiaries for the 'Gramin Awas Yojana' – a flagship state housing scheme aimed at providing 'pucca' (brick) houses to the genuinely impoverished and landless households. The scheme is under tight deadlines, with funds ...\n(a) आपके समक्ष विद्यमान संभावित प्रशासनिक और नैतिक दुश्विधाएं क्या हैं?\n(b) आपके लिए उपलब्ध सभी विकल्पों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\n(c) आप अपने निर्णय का नैतिक औचित्य सिद्ध करते हुए कौन-सी व्यापक कार्यवाही करेंगे? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250"],[58,"(a) What are the potential administrative and ethical dilemmas you face?\n(b) Discuss all options available to you.\n(c) What comprehensive course of action would you choose to adopt, providing ethical justification for your decision? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"]]},{"i":224,"t":"Archit Dongre","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/48cd5-1138117_2070_dongre_archit_parag_rank_03.pdf","q":[[3,"1. (a) Differentiating between courage and bravery, discuss why courage is often thought of as the first of all virtues.","10","150"],[5,"1. (b) Discuss how social, cultural and religious factors act as determinants of ethics.","10","150"],[7,"2. (a) Bring out the relevance of the teachings of Gautam Buddha in contemporary times.","10","150"],[9,"2. (b) If one takes care of the means the end will take care of itself. Discuss.","10","150"],[11,"3. (a) Explain the relevance of the following in the context of civil services:\n(i) Impersonality\n(ii) Anonymity\n(iii) Perseverance\n(iv) Fairness","10","150"],[13,"3. (b) With the help of relevant examples, bring out the difference between the following:\n(i) Intelligence Quotient and Emotional Quotient\n(ii) Attitude and Aptitude","10","150"],[15,"4. (a) What do you understand by political neutrality? Explain its significance in public service.","10","150"],[17,"4. (b) There is more to integrity than honesty. Illustrate with examples. Also, suggest ways to inculcate integrity as a value in civil services.","10","150"],[19,"4. (c) What do you understand by probity? Why is it considered essential for good governance?","10","150"],[21,"5. (a) Although utilitarianism is arguably the most reason-based approach to determining right and wrong, it has obvious limitations. Discuss.","10","150"],[23,"5. (b) What do you understand by ethical dilemma? Explain with examples, how it can lead to crisis of conscience.","10","150"],[25,"6. (a) What is code of conduct? How is it different from code of ethics?","10","150"],[27,"6. (b) Bring out the relevance of the seven principles of public life stated by the Nolan Committee in the Indian context, with the help of examples.","10","150"],[29,"7. The Right to Information (RTI) Act is one of the most important reforms brought by the government. You have recently been transferred as the Public Information Officer (PIO) in the irrigation department of a district. While inspecting the RTI applications, you find that many of these applications relate to information on the recruitment of staff in your department. Your juniors point out that all of these have been filed by an aspiring local politician who may be trying to create an issue related to irregularities in recruitment in the department. The department fears that he is filing RTI applications for political gains in the upcoming state elections.\nIn this context, answer the following questions:\n(a) Identify the stakeholders and the issues involved in the case.\n(b) What measures will you take to handle the situation?","20","around 250"],[34,"8. You are the managing director of a pharmaceutical company. Your company has won a tender for supply of generic affordable medicines to the state health department. In order to win the tender, you had kept the profit margins very low. However, after winning the tender, you got a call from the Officer on Special Duty (OSD) to the Health Minister for a 2% cut in the total purchase of goods. You tried to meet the Health Minister in this respect, but he also hinted at doing the job as per the instructions of the OSD. You cannot refuse to go ahead with the tender because of the risk of losing your 5% security deposit. Further, the firm can be blacklisted for not fulfilling the obligations of the approved tender.\nSome of the options to deal with the situation are given below. Evaluate the merits and demerits of each of these options.\n(a) Follow the advice of the minister and comply with the demands of the OSD.\n(b) File a police complaint against the OSD for corruption.\n(c) Tip the media anonymously about the issue to build pressure on the concerned Minister.\n(d) Leave the allotted tender.","20",""],[39,"9. The promotion of harmful products like liquor, tobacco, etc. through mass media and advertisements have been banned in India. However, many companies are roping in big celebrities to promote these harmful products and brands through surrogate advertisement. In the disguise of another product, surrogate advertising is used to promote regulated products, like cigarettes and alcohol. There have been many debates on this issue, particularly in recent times, with many arguing that such advertisements should be banned altogether.\n\nIn this context, answer the following:\n(a) What are the ethical issues involved in surrogate advertising?\n(b) Suggest steps that can be taken to address these type of advertisements in India.","20",""],[44,"10. You are a young officer who has recently been posted as the District Magistrate in a district where power cuts are a regular phenomenon. A thermal power plant is proposed in your district, which has the potential to not only meet the energy demand of yours but also that of neighbouring districts, and also provide employment opportunities for the people of your district. However, a few people from the district are protesting against it because of the concerns of displacement and the potential pollution issue that the project may lead to. It is brought to your notice that prominent local leaders have mobilized a large crowd and are planning to march towards the Collectorate. You have also received information that the crowd may turn violent due to the presence of miscreants. In the context of this situation, address the following:\n(a) Identify the stakeholders and highlight the issues involved in the above case.\n(b) State the measures that you would take as the District Magistrate.","20",""],[49,"11. Today, digital games and gameful interactions with a digital dimension are rapidly becoming pervasive in society. It is a highly engaging pastime and also a vehicle for acquiring knowledge and/or modifying attitudes and behaviours at various levels, whether by explicit intention or otherwise. Online games' increasingly important role in society brings about ethical implications that cannot be ignored, and have sometimes been the object of heated public and academic debate.\n(a) Discuss the various social and psychological issues involved in online gaming.\n(b) Give some suggestions to address the harmful impact of online gaming on the society.","20",""],[54,"12. Climate change and environmental degradation have caused havoc globally. It has repercussions on the life and livelihood of each and every individual on the planet. Despite its huge impact, climate change and environmental conservation have not become an electoral issue in India. Globally, green parties are making strides, albeit gradually. In countries like Netherlands, Sweden and Australia, they have begun to make a mark in electoral politics. In India, however, there is no such development.\n(a) In your view, why has politics in India not seen it's 'green moment' yet?\n(b) Do you think people in India are generally apathetic to climate change and environment related issues? Suggest some initiatives to bring about a change in the attitude of the people towards the issue.","20",""]]},{"i":225,"t":"Archit Dongre","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/cfdc4-1138117_2425_dongre_archit_parag_rank_03.pdf","q":[[6,"1. (a) For effective corporate governance to take place in the coming years, why is it important to integrate the ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) metrics with the multi-stakeholder approach? What benefits can be accrued by such integration? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[8,"1. (b) In acts of corruption, the focus is often only on the demand side of the equation, on public officials who abuse their office for private gain. Frequently, the supply side is given less attention. Those who pay bribes are sometimes depicted as innocent parties and victims of extortionary practices of wily public servants. Do you agree that 'collusive corruption', in which there is a willing bribe-giver, is a formidable challenge for institutions fighting corruption?","10","150"],[10,"2. (a) The Citizens' Charters initiative was a response to the quest for solving the problems, which a citizen encountered, day in and day out, while dealing with the organisations providing public services. But the introduction and implementation of Citizens' Charters in the government of India has been difficult due to the old bureaucratic set up and the rigid attitudes of the work force. Discuss the major obstacles that have been encountered in implementing the Citizens' Charter initiative.","10","150"],[12,"2. (b) Quality of public service delivery is a major determinant of the quality of life of vulnerable sections in a highly unequal society divided along the lines of class, caste, religion, etc. In this background, do you think that public service delivery is efficient and sufficient enough to improve the lives of vulnerable groups in India? Critically examine.","10","150"],[14,"3 (a) What do each of the following quotations mean to you?\n(a) \"The wise man does not lay up his own treasures. The more he gives to others, the more he has for his own.\" - Lao Tzu (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"3. (b) \"If ethics are poor at the top, that behavior is copied down through the organization.\" - Robert Noyce (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[18,"3. (c) \"The end of law is not to abolish or restrain, but to preserve and enlarge freedom.\" - John Locke (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[20,"4. (a) Wealthy CEOs and founders of successful businesses around the world are increasingly pledging to give away their wealth in philanthropy. Do you think that such a move is sufficient enough to bring about a positive change in the society? Critically examine.","","150"],[22,"4. (b) As organizations across the globe begin their artificial intelligence (AI) transformation, the leap into the AI era is expected to be more challenging than any technology that businesses have grappled with yet. In this background, discuss the concerns around fairness, transparency, and job security that may arise.","10","150"],[24,"5. (a) The emphasis of Swami Dayanand Saraswati on education, social equality, and ethical values continues to influence the socio-cultural discourse in contemporary India. Discuss with suitable examples.","10","150"],[26,"5. (b) Write short notes on the following in 30 words each :\n(i) Dedication to public service\n(ii) Non-partisanship in civil service\n(iii) Objectivity in decision-making","2 x 5 = 10","30 words each"],[28,"6. (a) Emotional intelligence may not be singularly associated with emotions or intelligence. It can also include a broad range of personality characteristics that might predict success in professional and everyday life. Discuss.","10","150"],[30,"6. (b) Traditional forms of state-led accountability, also characterised as vertical and horizontal channels of accountability, are increasingly found to be inadequate, and a myriad of multi-stakeholder and bottom-up citizen directed approaches have come to the fore, to supplement or supplant them. Discuss with illustrations.","10","150"],[32,"7 In the context of this case, answer the following:\n(a) What are the issues involved in this case?\n(b) What measures can be taken to reduce the adverse effects of such technologies? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[33,"With reference to this case study, answer the following:\n(a) What are the issues involved in this case?\n(b) What measures can be taken to minimize the negative implications of adopting such technologies? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[37,"8 Rina and her friends from the college were working as interns with a company for the last few months. On completion of their internship, some of them, including Rina, have been offered full-time jobs in the company. Being a reputed company, she and her friends accepted the offer. Rina is enthusiastic about her new job and has even established good relationship with some of her company co-workers during her internship. However, during her tenure as an intern, Rina had begun to notice that one of the Vice-Presidents (VPs) of the company was giving her too much attention. He used to make an extra effort to stop by Rina's cubicle and chat, something he was not doing with any of the other interns. He had even tried to connect with Rina over social networking sites. Some of her co-interns also noticed this and began to make offhand comments to Rina about the extra attention being given by the VP.\n\nNow that she was has been hired for a full time position, she is fearful that she might have to work with this VP directly. While he has not done or said anything explicitly inappropriate, the extra attention and the fact that her co-workers noticed it, made her very uncomfortable and undermined her concentration at work.\n\nThe company encourages an open and friendly atmosphere and when she was hired, it was communicated to her that she should always speak to her Manager whenever faced with any uncomfortable work related issues. However, she is concerned to speak about it officially, as the VP has not explicitly done anything wrong.\n(a) रीना को किन दुविधाओं का सामना करना पड़ रहा है?\n(b) उसके पास क्या विकल्प हैं? प्रत्येक के गुण और दोष बताइए।\n(c) उसके द्वारा अपनाई जाने वाली कार्रवाई को रेखांकित कीजिए, साथ ही उसका औचित्य सिद्ध कीजिए। (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250"],[38,"In the given situation:\n(a) What dilemmas does Rina face?\n(b) What options does she have? Provide the merits and demerits of each.\n(c) Highlight the course of action she should adopt, along with justification for the same.","20","Answer in 250"],[42,"9 As the Nodal Education Officer of the district, address the following questions:\n(a) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\n(b) How will you resolve the issues in the given case?\n(c) What long-term strategy needs to be adopted to deal with the menace of cheating in various examinations? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[47,"उपयुक्त जानकारी के संदर्भ में, निम्नलिखित पर ध्यान दीजिए:\n(a) प्रस्तुत प्रकरण में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दे कौन-से हैं?\n(b) महासागरों की संधारणीयता पर प्रतिकूल प्रभाव डाले बिना किसी राष्ट्र के आर्थिक विकास के दृष्टिकोण को कैसे प्राप्त किया जा सकता है? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250"],[48,"In the context of the above-stated information, address the following:\n(a) What are the ethical issues in the given case study?\n(b) How can the vision of economic development of a nation be achieved without adversely affecting the sustainability of oceans? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[52,"11 (a) आप एक जिला मजिस्ट्रेट हैं और यह क्षेत्र आपके क्षेत्राधिकार में आता है। दोनों पक्षों के लोग अपनी शिकायतें लेकर आपके पास आए हैं। आप दोनों दृष्टिकोणों में सामंजस्य स्थापित करने के लिए क्या करेंगे?\n(b) कारवाई के निम्नलिखित संभावित तरीकों के गुण और दोषों का उल्लेख कीजिए:\n(1) क्षेत्र के निवासियों के विरोध को नजरअंदाज करना और धार्मिक पूजा स्थल को मौजूदा नियमों के अनुसार बनाने की अनुमति दे देना।\n(2) नए पूजा स्थल पर भरोसा करने वाले हजारों उपासकों को निराश करते हुए, निवासियों से सहमत होकर निर्माण पर रोक लगा देना।\n(3) एक समझौते के रूप में, आपके द्वारा पूजा स्थल पर भवन निर्माण संबंधी अतिरिक्त नियमों को लागू किया जाना या डिजाइन में संशोधन पर बल दिया जाना। (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250"],[53,"(a) You are a District Magistrate and the area lies in your jurisdiction. People from both sides have approached you with their grievances. What would you do to reconcile the two points of view?\n(b) Mention the merits and demerits of the following potential courses of action:\n(1) Ignore the opposition from the residents of the area and allow the place of religious worship to be built in accordance with the existing regulations.\n(2) Prohibit the construction, agreeing with the residents while causing distress among the thousands of worshippers counting on the new place of worship.\n(3) As a compromise, you place additional building regulations on the worship place or insist on modifications to the design. (Answer in 250 words)\na) You are a District Magistrate and the area lies in your jurisdiction. People from both sides have approached you with their grievances. What would you do to reconcile the two points of view?\nb) Mention the merits and demerits of the following potential courses of action:\n(1) Ignore the opposition from the residents of the area and allow the place of religious worship to be built in accordance with the existing regulations.\n(2) Prohibit the construction, agreeing with the residents while causing distress among the thousands of worshippers counting on the new place of worship.\n(3) As a compromise, you place additional building regulations on the worship place or insist on modifications to the design.","","250"],[57,"12 You are a public representative, elected on the ticket of a political party, considered as conservative by many. Your daughter, who has returned years after studying abroad, has conveyed to you her choice of marrying a person from another community. You personally do not consider anything wrong in her choice, and convey your assent to her. You also discuss it with many among your friends and family, and inform them of a grand wedding ceremony you are planning for your daughter. However, a few days after you have shared the news of the forthcoming grand wedding with many, you are informed by your political secretary about an issue being made of the same. He informs you that there are whispers among many people in your constituency about it, and indications of a sense of unease among some prominent citizens. While most of them are enamoured by your plans for a grand wedding ceremony for your daughter, they are unhappy about the bridegroom being from another community. You also get to know through your sources in the party, that your assent to the choice of the bridegroom may lead to a denial of ticket by the high command in the forthcoming elections. You are not only an ambitious politician and a rising star in your political party but also an open-minded, loving and doting father. But howsoever much you love your daughter's freedom and choices, you do not want her decision to adversely affect your political journey. This is more so, when you had been eagerly looking forward to greater responsibilities and a higher stature in the party, given the years of hardwork you have put in, as a politician. Your daughter, on the other hand, is firm with her choice and does not want her impending grand wedding to be affected in any way. She is adamant\n(a) उपयुक्त प्रकरण में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दे कौन-से हैं?\n(b) एक पिता और एक महत्वाकांक्षी राजनीतिज्ञ के रूप में आपके पास उपलब्ध विभिन्न विकल्प क्या हैं?\n(c) आपकी कार्रवाई का तरीका क्या होगा? उचित तर्क सहित पुष्टि कीजिए। (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250"],[58,"Given this situation, answer the following:\n(a) What are the ethical issues in the above situation?\n(b) What are the various options that you have, as a father and an ambitious politician?\n(c) What will be your course of action? Justify with proper reasoning. (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"]]},{"i":226,"t":"Arfa Usmani","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/6ccf8-719762_2220_arfa-usmani_rank_124.pdf","q":[[6,"1. (a) The logic of limitless wealth lies in the basic human instinct for furthering self-interest in the form of profit. In this context, do you think there is a possibility of pursuing ethical capitalism? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[8,"1. (b) If a law is unjust, a man is not only right to disobey it, he is obligated to do so. Discuss.","10","150"],[10,"2. (a) The capacity of Citizens' Charter to initiate any transformative process is conditioned upon it being appropriately designed and effectively executed. Discuss. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[12,"2. (b) The moral fiber and ethical conduct of public officials not only influence the standard of governance but also their own interests and performance. Elaborate.","10","150"],[14,"3. (a) The ongoing debate on euthanasia poses several ethical questions. Discuss.","10","150"],[16,"3. (b) Foreign aid is a form of neo-colonialism, as the economically wealthier countries can exploit the developing countries under the cloak of aid. Examine. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[18,"4. (a) Throwing light on the idea of Universal Humanism propounded by Rabindranath Tagore, discuss its contemporary relevance. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[20,"4. (b) Do you agree with the view that it is nature and not nurture which determines the emotional intelligence of a person? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[22,"5. (a) Values that guide public administrators can often compete with each other, owing to their relative importance to the larger public interest. Discuss with examples. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[24,"5. (b) Is it justifiable to say that corruption is a social phenomenon? What are the various ways through which administrative corruption can be tackled? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[26,"6 (a) What do each of the following quotations mean to you?\n(a) \"Overcoming poverty is not a task of charity; it is an act of justice.\" Nelson Mandela (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[28,"6. (b) \"I do believe that, where there is only a choice between cowardice and violence, I would advise violence.\"- Mahatma Gandhi (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[30,"6. (c) \"Change does not roll in on the wheels of inevitability, but comes through continuous struggle.\" Martin Luther King Jr (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[32,"7 You are posted as the Commissioner of Police in a metropolitan city where a visiting foreign dignitary, with President-level security cover, is scheduled to visit for an official function. As a part of the security preparedness, it has been decided that no vehicular traffic will be allowed on the route which will be taken by the foreign dignitary to reach the venue of the function in the city. However, just 15 minutes before the scheduled arrival of the dignitary, you are informed that a critically-ill patient is stuck on the way to the hospital in a private car along with his family.\n\nIn this situation, answer the following:\n(a) Discuss the issues involved in halting traffic for VIP movement.\n(b) List the options available to you in this situation with their merits and demerits.\n(c) What will be your course of action? Justify with proper reasoning. (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[37,"8 In light of the above, answer the following:\n(a) Identify the challenges faced by transgenders during the different stages of their life.\n(b) Discuss the reasons for the continuing discrimination against transgenders in India despite several initiatives for their upliftment in recent times. (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[42,"9 In the given scenario, answer the following questions:\n(a) Identify the stakeholders and the ethical issues involved in the case.\n(b) What steps will you take to ensure that the enquiry is seen to be fair and impartial?\n(c) Given the challenges that the police forces in India operate under in their day-to-day functioning, suggest some initiatives to address them. (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[47,"(a), (b), (c) (a) Discuss the importance of including climate change strategies and diversity and inclusion in a business organisation?\n(b) In your opinion, what matters more for a business organisation - socio-environmental concerns or shareholder profit?\n(c) How can the two above-mentioned issues be reconciled? (Answer in 250 words)\n(a) Discuss the importance of including climate change strategies and diversity and inclusion in a business organisation?\n(b) In your opinion, what matters more for a business organisation - socio-environmental concerns or shareholder profit?\n(c) How can the two above-mentioned issues be reconciled? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[52,"11 You are posted as a Superintendent of Police (SP) in a district where people of different religious communities are living together peacefully. The district is also famous for its architectural heritage and is regularly visited by tourists from all around the world. However, there has been an incident in the nearby state where people of two different communities have started fighting over religious issues. This incident has a spillover effect over the whole country. In your own area of jurisdiction, you have come to know from various sources about circulation of some hate speech videos, which have the potential to destabilise the law and order situation. You are also aware that some outsiders with dubious intentions have started pouring in your district. In one locality, a shopkeeper who had earlier filed a complaint regarding threats he received for posting something on the internet, is found murdered in cold blood. This incident has stunned the nation. You are being informed that hundreds of people of the community to which the shopkeeper belonged are planning to stage a massive protest in your district.\n(a) In the given situation, what are the options available to you to ensure that the law and order situation in the district remains stable. Provide a detailed account of your course of action.\n(b) Do you think the present legal and institutional mechanisms are sufficient to tackle the menace of hate speech in the society? (Answer in 250 words)","",""],[57,"12 The Indian education system suffers from many ills. One of the major issues is the focus on 'rote learning', which has been the staple of the Indian education system for many years. While many Indians have attained success despite this system, simply being able to recall information is not enough in today's world when that information is instantly available to anyone on a mobile phone. A survey of 200 Indian and foreign companies found that only 14% of Indian graduates were prepared for the workforce, largely because most graduates were unable to apply their knowledge to solve real-world problems.\n\nIn this context, answer the following questions:\n(a) What are the consequences of 'rote learning' on the educational development of young students in the country?\n(b) Suggest measures that can be taken to address this issue. (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"]]},{"i":945,"t":"Artika Shukla","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1iKN6fVbJxMHEcJq9ohCRKCAs7n-q1BfV/view","q":[[3,"1. (a) Even though women may have equal skills, qualifications and commitment as men, they face much more difficulty in rising up the leadership hierarchy. Discuss the reasons for the same. Also, explain the importance of having gender parity in positions of leadership.","10","not more than 150"],[5,"1. (b) All correct decisions are honest and all incorrect decisions are dishonest. Do you agree? How should the correctness and incorrectness of a decision be decided?","10",""],[7,"2. (a) Should birth control be a voluntary exercise or a government policy in a country? In this regard, examine the ethical dimensions of having a One Child Policy in India.","10",""],[9,"2. (b) An organisation consists of a variety of individuals with varying values and degrees of motivation. What challenges do leaders face when forging a harmonious work culture in such an organisation? How can leaders engender a sense of inclusion in face of such diversity?","10",""],[11,"3. (a) Notwithstanding compassion and morality, it is national interest that ultimately determines a country's decisions in international relations. Discuss this statement in the context of the current refugee crisis.","10",""],[13,"3. (b) What are the ethical issues involved in climate change negotiations? Suggest some strategies to address the divergence in ethical positions of different nations.","10",""],[15,"4. (a) Why is there a need for Performance Management System in an outcome oriented government? Evaluate the feasibility of peer review in context of Indian civil services.","10",""],[17,"4. (b) Discretionary power in the hands of public servants is a necessary evil. Discuss.","10",""],[19,"5. (a) The landmark judgment by the Supreme Court of India recognized the transgender as a third sex. What attitudes do you notice towards the transgender people in India? Discuss some steps to facilitate a dignified life for the transgender people.","10",""],[21,"5. (b) What key characteristics of a person conveying a message make it more persuasive? When celebrities endorse a product, they do so knowing that their endorsement will persuade people to buy it. What duty do they have towards the consumers?","10",""],[23,"6. It is said that child labor cannot be ethical at all. Do you agree? Discuss with respect to the proposed amendments to the Child Labour Act.","10",""],[25,"7. Are emotions an inhibiting factor in effective decision-making? Discuss in the context of public services.","10",""],[27,"8. What do you understand by the Sarvodaya philosophy of Gandhiji? Why is Sarvodaya relevant for civil servants in India?","10",""],[29,"9. You are the leader of a 5 member team that has been assigned to carry out social impact assessment of a project proposed in a Naxal area. Members have been allotted a remote village each to conduct surveys and ascertain views of local people. You are under strict instructions not to disclose the identity of respondents outside the project. While compiling data, you are puzzled by the responses from one of the villages. You accompany the point-person for that village next day for verification. You randomly pick a person from the list of respondents and ask her for clarification of the response she had given earlier. She seems confused and denies any knowledge of the survey being conducted, let alone she being questioned. You try to verify this from other respondents and get similar replies. This raises serious doubts about the integrity and credibility of the survey process.\n(a) What are the ethical issues involved in the situation?\n(b) As a team leader accountable for credibility of the survey and working on a hard timeline, what are the possible options before you? List their merits and demerits.\n(c) Giving reasons, state the course of action you would follow.","20","in around 250"],[34,"10. Gajendra, once a struggling film actor, was accused and later exonerated of rape charges, which the jury found out to be motivated and fake. Not able to cope up with the situation, he changed profession and moved on. Thirty years later, while his closest friends know about the incident but his co-workers do not. One day, out of curiosity, he searches for his name on the internet, and to his surprise, finds that the third entry that comes up is an old report in a local newspaper about the rape charges he faced. Gajendra is upset; after all these years, he would like to be able to disclose the event only to whomever he wants. He has heard about the decision of European Court of Justice which allows individuals to submit requests to a search engine to remove certain results from searches on their names, and citing the same, requests the search engine and media outlet to remove the results.\n Valid arguments can be advanced for making the Right to be Forgotten a fundamental right? What those arguments could be? What limitations, if any, can it be subjected to? Should there be any obligations on the search engines regarding cases which are no longer relevant, as the one mentioned above?","20",""],[39,"11. You are the officer in charge of overseeing refugees' related issues in a multilateral humanitarian organisation. There is an ethnicity based civil war going on in a region and as a result, many people are being displaced. Hitherto, the economically better-off neighbouring countries have accommodated the streams of migrants with financial support from your organisation. The violence in the region has increased recently and the flux of people seeking refuge has grown substantially. With countries sealing their borders, the refugees are left in a vulnerable situation. You are sent to negotiate for humanitarian settlement of refugees with the neighbouring countries, who also happen to be a powerful economic bloc. However, they refuse any more accommodation on the following grounds:\n(a) Drainage of resources in face of subdued economic conditions.\n(b) Domestic political repercussions.\n(c) Rehabilitation will encourage more influx and indirectly fuel the persecutors.\n(d) Permanency of settlement in face of better prospects than at home.","20",""],[44,"12. You are a Divisional Forest Officer (DFO) in an urban district. The forest cover in the district is as low as 11% and it needs to be increased as per government guidelines. By ecological and environmental perspective also it is imperative that more trees should be planted. However, you find out that while there is a grant of Rs. 1.5 crore for your division to plant trees under the Hariyali Scheme, most of this fund is lying unused. Since, it is December and as per government rules all the unused grant should be returned to the government as the financial year closes, it seems you will have to return the money completely. Also, there are strong indications from the ministry that government is mulling over a budgetary cut on Hariyali mission because most of the funds go unused. There is a strong possibility that if you return the money in this financial year you wont get it in the next financial year and even if you get, it will be a very insignificant amount. Indicate various options that you think are available in this situation. Evaluate these options and choose the most appropriate path to be adopted?","20",""],[49,"13. You, an anthropologist, have developed cordial relations with a tribal community which was hitherto isolated from rest of the humanity. Notwithstanding increased interest of researchers and media for the newly discovered tribe, you are the only person from outside whom they trust. They are ardent believers in their goddess and, trusting you, take you to her abode on a holy mountain. To your surprise, you find that the mountain is a reservoir of Uranium that can be used in your power-starved country's nuclear power plants. Besides, you are aware that Uranium being radioactive, it is highly risky to go near the mountain. You try to convince the people about harmful effects it can have and the utilitarian value that it possess for the country. However, they are in no mood to argue and politely ask you to leave. You fear that very soon the outside world will find about this and the vulnerable tribe would be displaced from their land.\n(a) Evaluate the following courses of action which you can take for their ethical merits and demerits:\ni. You would continue to convince the people yourself about the possible consequences and urge them to relocate.\nii. You would call in local and national NGOs for protecting the rights of the people against the State and file a PIL in Supreme Court if the State proceeds with dispossession.\niii. You would yourself tell the government and the scientific community about the reserves and let them proceed in their own way.\n(b) Without restricting yourself to the above options, state the course of action that you would take and why?","",""],[54,"14. A junior member of staff has just returned to work after taking special leave to care for her elderly mother. For financial reasons she needs to work full-time. She has been having difficulties with her mother's home care arrangements, causing her to miss a number of team meetings (which usually take place at the beginning of each day) and to leave work early. She is very competent in her work but her absences are putting pressure on her and her overworked colleagues. You are her manager, and you are aware that the flow of work through the practice is coming under pressure. One of her male colleagues is beginning to make comments such as \"a woman's place is in the home\", and is undermining her at every opportunity, putting her under even greater stress.\nWhat possible steps can you take to ensure that the work of the team does not suffer while also taking other humanitarian considerations into account.","",""]]},{"i":227,"t":"Aryan Kumar Singh","c":"Vision","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/2627e-45815385_2929_aryan-kumar-singh_rank_104.pdf","q":[[6,"1. Expression of dissent is central to the functioning of the Parliament. In light of this, discuss the role of the Leader of Opposition (LoP) in India's parliamentary system. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[8,"2. How can the integration of technology into judicial processes enhance accessibility, capability, and efficiency in justice delivery? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[10,"3. The Supreme Court of India has upheld unique asymmetry in India's federalism by intricately balancing centralized authority and regional autonomy. Discuss with the help of relevant case laws.","10","150"],[12,"4. Evaluate the effectiveness of the National Commission for Scheduled Castes in safeguarding the interests of the Scheduled Castes in India. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[14,"5. Executive accountability to the legislature through Parliamentary Committees has been the hallmark of the Indian political system. Comment.","10","Answer in 150"],[16,"6. How can India make Citizens' Charter a powerful tool for improving governance and empowering citizens? (Answer in 150 words)","","150"],[18,"7. How do corporate donors aid NGOs in facilitating holistic development in India? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[20,"8. Despite its merits, should the POCSO Act be revisited to correct the existing inadequacies? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[22,"9. China's acquisition of strategic ports globally has significant implications for international trade routes and economic relations. Discuss.","10","150"],[24,"10. What are the main functions of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)? How will its recent treaty on intellectual property, genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge benefit India?","10","Answer in 150"],[26,"11. While the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) plays a crucial role in combating corruption, its functioning is often criticized for being partisan and acting against the federal spirit. Discuss with the help of suitable examples.","15","250"],[29,"12. Governors in India often overstep their constitutional role and fail to act effectively when needed. Comment. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[32,"13. Both India and the USA adhere to democratic principles but their electoral systems exhibit significant differences. What are the key differences in electoral practices between the two countries? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[35,"14. How far do you agree with the view that the National Green Tribunal (NGT) has met its objective of ensuring environmental justice in India?","15","250"],[38,"15. Though Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) have become a platform for competitive politics, they have not emerged as an agency of planning and service delivery. Why? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[41,"16. What do you understand by interoperability in e-governance? What steps have been taken by the government to ensure interoperability and integration of various e-governance systems? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[44,"17. When it comes to sexual and reproductive health of women in India, rights-based discourse has largely been bypassed not just by the societal norms but also by the legal norms. Discuss. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[47,"18. How effective has India been in enhancing immunization coverage over the years? What challenges continue to affect immunization efforts in the country? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[50,"19. India used its Presidency of the G20 to bring the voice of the Global South to the centre stage. Discuss with special reference to Africa. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[53,"20. India's relationship with the UAE has witnessed a remarkable expansion across various domains in the last decade. Discuss.","15","Answer in 250"]]},{"i":228,"t":"Aryan Kumar Singh","c":"Vision","p":"GS3","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/e40de-45815385_2930_aryan-kumar-singh_rank_104.pdf","q":[[6,"1. How is the rapid growth of the food processing industry leading to food safety challenges in India? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[8,"2. Under the Public Distribution System of India, the Fair Price Shop (FPS) transformation is an evolving process. Discuss.","10","150"],[10,"3. How are agri-tech startups in India helping farmers in enhancing farm productivity and market access? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[12,"4. Discuss the role of digitization of land records in the effective implementation of land reforms in India. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[14,"5. To fully exploit its demographic dividend and accelerate economic growth, India needs to adopt a manufacturing-led growth model. Discuss.","10","Answer in 150"],[16,"6. How can the resilience of Indian coastal communities be strengthened to tackle the growing natural hazards resulting from climate change?","10","150"],[18,"7. How does the Green Credit Programme extend beyond carbon management to promote a more sustainable environment in India? What are the various concerns about its implementation?","10","150"],[20,"8. What is the need for NavIC when existing satellite navigation systems are already available?","10","150"],[22,"9. Cyber-enabled financial crime has emerged as the new frontier of global money laundering. Discuss. How can the government address this issue? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[24,"10. The Indian Army is observing the year 2024 as the 'Year of Technology Absorption'. In light of this, explain why there is a need for technology absorption in the defence sector of India. What challenges can India face in this initiative? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[26,"11. What are the issues faced in the development of trade and industries in the North-Eastern Region (NER) of India? Comment on the measures that have been taken to tackle these issues.","15","250"],[29,"12. In the era of climate change and growing water scarcity, how can micro-irrigation systems contribute to sustainable agricultural practices in India? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[32,"13. What strategies can be adopted to overcome the issues pertaining to freight transportation in the Indian Railways and increase its share in the domestic freight? (Answer 250 words)","15","250"],[35,"14. Discuss the factors that have aided India in making impressive strides in the renewable energy sector and establishing itself as a frontrunner in the global renewable energy transition. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[38,"15. How does agricultural runoff containing fertilizers and pesticides contribute to environmental pollution? What measures can be taken to mitigate the impact of agricultural runoff? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[41,"16. The growing influx of tourists in Himalayan states has breached their ecological carrying capacity, leading to significant man-made disasters. What measures can be implemented to prevent such disasters while promoting sustainable tourism? Discuss with relevant examples.","15","250"],[44,"17. How do superconductors fuel innovation in diverse fields of science and technology? Illustrate with examples.","15","250"],[47,"18. While India has laws covering almost all types of intellectual property rights, numerous enforcement, regulatory and administrative challenges hamper the commercialisation of IPRs in India. Elaborate.","15","Answer in 250"],[50,"19. Keeping in view the challenges in creating integrated theatre commands, examine how the theaterisation of commands can lead to greater integration and rationalisation of manpower and resources among the three services.","15","250"],[53,"20. Treating border villages as first villages not just geographically but also in terms of facilities can be a key strategy for enhancing border security. Discuss. Also, highlight the measures being taken by the government in this regard. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"]]},{"i":229,"t":"Aryan Sirsikar","c":"Forumias","p":"Essay","y":2025,"r":175,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/ARYAN-SIRSIKAR-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-175-Sample-Essay-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[2,"Write two essays, choosing one topic from each of the following Section A and B in about 1000 - 1200 words each. 125*2 = 250 Marks\nSECTION - A 1. We cannot solve our problems with the same thinking we used when we created them.\n 2. The civilisation that doesn't adopt modern technologies becomes extinct.\n 3. Data without wisdom and innovation without ethics are dangerous tools.\n 4. The doubter is a true man of science.\nSECTION - B 1. The empires of the future will be the empires of the mind.\n 2. Responsibility is the invisible thread that holds freedom together.\n 3. You may not be able to do everything, but do something.\n 4. Behavior is the mirror in which everyone shows their image.","125*2 = 250","about 1000 - 1200 words each"],[5,"The Civilisation That Doesn't Adopt Modern Technology Becomes Extinct","",""],[6,"2 John Marshall and E. Mackay studied this spectacular fall of the Harappans. They believed that despite great civilisational advance, the \"suicidal weakness\" of the Harappans was their 'inflexibility to modern technology and new ideas'. This is evident from the fact that despite periodic flooding and earthquakes in various cities not much was done to counter the same. On the other hand, Mesopotamia with its flood protection technology flourished. What does this tell us?","",""],[7,"What is civilisation?","",""],[8,"What is technology?","",""],[13,"But is it a panacea?","",""],[17,"You May Not Be Able To Do Everything, But Do Something","",""]]},{"i":230,"t":"Aryan Sirsikar","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2025,"r":175,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/ARYAN-SIRSIKAR-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-175-Sample-MGP-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) \"India's democratic roots are deeply embedded in its ancient civilizational ethos.\" Discuss in the context of India being referred to as the 'Mother of Democracy'.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Elucidate the significance of tiger and elephant figures in Indian mythology, art and architecture.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) The arrival of Lord William Bentinck marked a period of transformation in the British Indian State. Discuss.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) Explain how the American War of Independence deprived Great Britain of one empire, but it strengthened the foundations of another.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) What are Rare Earth Elements (REEs)? Discuss the multi-dimensional implications of uneven distribution of REEs in the world.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) Highlight the salient differences between the Himalayan and the Peninsular drainage Systems.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) Describe the nature and mode of origin of the main types of rock at the earth's crust.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) The alienation of modern lifestyles from nature has contributed to the ongoing environmental crisis in India. Examine.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9) What do you understand by the term 'urbanisation of poverty'? Also, explain how urban poverty differs from rural poverty in India?","10","150"],[21,"Q.10) Globalization has redefined the idea of community and kinship in Indian society. Do you agree? Justify your answer.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11) The flourishing of various art forms during the Kushana period reflects the rich and diverse cultural landscape of the time. What insights does this provide into the socio-cultural aspects of that era?","15","250"],[26,"Q.12) Trace the events that led to the Civil Disobedience Movement. What were its outcomes?","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 Mahatma Jyotirao Phule's reformist ideas played a significant role in shaping the social foundations of the Indian freedom movement. Elaborate.","15","250"],[30,"Phule's role in shaping social foundation of Freedom Movement\n(i) Give view to origin of Dalit leaders such as Gopal Baba Walangkar, Dr Ambedkar etc.\n(ii) Increasing participation of women in freedom struggle.\n(iii) Leaders like Kanchan Devi.\n(iv) Combining freedom struggle with demand for social reform.\n(v) Indian social congress by MG Ranade.\n(vi) Organisations like Social Service League and Lokhatal's servant of India society based on Phule's idea of social.","",""],[32,"Q.14) The interlinking of rivers offers several benefits, but also raises significant socio-economic and environmental concerns. Analyze.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 Explain the concept of rain shadow effect. How does it influence the distribution of precipitation and vegetation across mountain ranges?","15","250"],[36,"Rain Shadow Effect on Various Mountain Ranges","",""],[38,"Q.16) Bring out the major features of the Indian monsoon and elaborate upon its causative factors.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17) What are the geographical factors responsible for the growth of mangrove vegetation in India? Also highlight its role in coastal ecology.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 To what extent can the rise of 'Kidfluencers' be seen as a reflection of changing family structures and parental aspirations in Indian society?","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 Women often form the backbone of grassroots movements in India, yet they remain largely invisible and excluded from the decision-making process. Examine.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20) Do you agree with the view that social media is a 'double edged sword'? Discuss in the context of its impact on Indian society.","15","250"]]},{"i":231,"t":"Aryan Sirsikar","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2025,"r":175,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/ARYAN-SIRSIKAR-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-175-Sample-MGP-Copy-2.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) To what extent, in your opinion, have the ideals of the Preamble been realised in the country's 75-year constitutional journey?","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) The evolution of property rights in India reflects an intricate relationship that exists between individual rights and public welfare. Discuss this statement with the help of relevant constitutional provisions and case laws.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) Under what conditions can the 'National' Emergency be proclaimed by the President of India? What are the consequences when such a proclamation remains in force? When was it last imposed in the country?","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) 'Lack of a binding framework for pre-legislative consultations in India limits citizen engagement in the lawmaking.' Propose measures to strengthen the role of public consultation in the legislative process.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) 'The recommendations of the 15th Finance Commission have enabled the States to improve their fiscal conditions.' Comment.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) In what ways do industry and business associations contribute to socio-economic development in the country? Explain with suitable examples.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) \"India's poverty lies in the eyes of the beholder.\" In light of this statement, examine the need for a credible and periodically updated poverty estimation framework in the country.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) The Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act, 2012 falls short of achieving its intended objectives. Comment.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9 'Starved of funds, shackled by geopolitics, WHO is facing a crisis of capacity and credibility'. Discuss the statement in the light of USA's withdrawal and its accusation of the health body of being 'biased towards China and mishandling the COVID-19 pandemic'.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10) The world continues to operate in a 'my terrorist' versus 'your terrorist' paradigm. Explain. What strategies would you suggest to develop a unified, comprehensive, and rules-based global approach to tackle the menace of terrorism?","10","150"],[23,"Q.11 Briefly explain the procedure laid down in the Representation of the People Act (RPA), 1951 for the registration of political parties with the Election Commission of India (ECI). What are Registered Unrecognised Political Parties (RUPPs)? What concerns are associated with them? Does the ECI have powers to de-register a political party?","15","250"],[26,"Q.12) Assess the role of NITI Aayog over the past decade in promoting cooperative and competitive federalism.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 'The post of Deputy Speaker goes beyond ceremonial significance and is indispensable to Indian parliamentary democracy.' Discuss with relevant constitutional provisions and conventions. Also, examine the implications of the prolonged vacancy of the Deputy Speaker's post.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14) Is the growing demand for stricter regulation of online content justified, or does it pose a threat to the right to freedom of speech and expression? Examine in light of recent judicial pronouncements.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15) Critically examine the 'in-house procedure' adopted by the Apex Court to inquire into allegations of misconduct against judges of constitutional courts in India.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16) Recent controversies over alleged malpractices in the electoral rolls have renewed demands for the mandatory linkage of Aadhaar with Voter ID. What is your opinion? Give reasons in support of your answer.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 Lateral entry into civil services is seen as a reformative step, yet it continues to attract criticism and controversy. Discuss.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18) While rankings aim to benchmark the performance of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs), concerns remain about whether current ranking frameworks reflect the broader goals of education. Suggest measures to make the ranking system more objective, inclusive, and aligned with educational and societal outcomes.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 Examine the factors behind the growing salience of the Arctic region in international politics. Discuss, in this context, strategies for India to recalibrate its Arctic engagement.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 Bangladesh is a key pillar of India's Neighborhood First policy, but recent developments on both sides threaten to disrupt the 'Sonali Adhyay' in bilateral relations. Analyze.","15","250"]]},{"i":233,"t":"Aryan Sirsikar","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2025,"r":175,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/ARYAN-SIRSIKAR-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-175-Sample-MGP-Copy-4.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) How has the evolution of data-driven targeting from service personalization to behavioral prediction created new ethical challenges for society? Discuss with examples.","10","150"],[5,"b) Even with legal safeguards in place, instances of sexual violence against women persist. How can a \"change in attitude\" help address this issue?","10","150"],[7,"Q.2) a) What is meant by 'parliamentary ethics'? Discuss its significance in maintaining democratic values in the context of recent developments in Indian politics.","10","150"],[9,"b) A \"non-absolutist approach\" has been a defining feature of ethical considerations in Indian society and its philosophical traditions. Do you agree? Justify your answer.","10","150"],[11,"Q.3) Given below are three quotations of great thinkers. What do each of these quotations convey to you in the present context?\na) \"You may never know what results come from your action. But if you do nothing, there will be no result\" Mahatma Gandhi","10","150"],[13,"b) \"Our lives begin to end the day we become silent about things that matter.\" Martin Luther King Jr.","10","150"],[15,"c) \"Experience is the only teacher we have. We may talk and reason all our lives, but we shall not understand a word of truth, until we experience it ourselves\". Swami Vivekananda","10","150"],[17,"Q.4) a) The interplay between laws and conscience is subtle; their synergy encourages ethical conduct, while dissonance can give rise to significant ethical dilemmas. Illustrate with examples.","10","150"],[19,"b) \"In post-conflict rehabilitation, the pursuit of justice must be balanced with the need for reconciliation.\" Examine this statement in the context of addressing ethnic violence.","10","150"],[21,"Q.5) a) What do you understand by the term \"Conflict of Interest\"? How does it manifest in the decision making by public servants? In what ways can it be minimized?","10","150"],[23,"b) The utilitarian principle of 'the greatest happiness of the greatest number' should guide decision-making and public policy formulation. What is your opinion in this regard? Discuss.","10","150"],[25,"Q.6) a) The risks to civilian aviation in conflict zones underscore the need for an ethical framework prioritizing human lives. Yet, the interplay of state interests and sovereignty complicates global responses. What ethical principles should guide nations in addressing aviation safety and how can the international community address these risks?","10","150"],[27,"b) \"Knowing yourself is the beginning of all wisdom\" Bring out the importance of emotional intelligence (EI) in self-realisation. How can it be developed?","10","150"],[29,"Q.7 Prateek Kumar, the Project Manager, is in charge of the construction of a highly anticipated highway that is expected to drive regional development. The project aims to enhance connectivity, boost trade, and create substantial employment opportunities. Given its importance, it has become a focal point for the ruling party, which is actively promoting it as a symbol of progress ahead of the upcoming state elections next year. The timely completion of the highway is crucial, as the Chief Minister is scheduled to inaugurate it upon completion. This has led to added pressure on Prateek and his team to meet the approaching deadline, which is set for next month.\nDuring a routine inspection, Prateek discovers that a particular stretch of the highway has been built with substandard materials. This section fails to meet the required safety and durability standards, posing a serious threat to public safety and lives. If left unresolved, the compromised quality could lead to accidents, undermining both the project's credibility and the government's promises for safe and reliable infrastructure. Concerned, Prateek raises the issue with the contractor, but the contractor downplays the severity, claiming that minor adjustments will fix the problem without causing major delays.\nIn a subsequent team meeting, some senior members suggest that Prateek overlook the quality concerns to ensure the project remains on schedule. They argue that the majority of the highway meets standards and emphasize the severe economic and political consequences of delays. With elections approaching, they stress the importance of the Chief Minister's inauguration as a key political event. They warn that any delay could damage the ruling party's image, harm its electoral prospects, and potentially have repercussions for the team and the organization.\nLater, the contractor privately approaches Prateek with a substantial bribe, urging him to ignore the issue and allow the project to proceed. The contractor justifies his actions by citing financial pressures and the need to complete the project on time. Prateek is an honest and upright officer, but he understands that addressing the problem would delay the project, making it impossible to meet the deadline.\na Discuss the ethical issues involved in the case.\nb Under the given conditions, what are the options available to Prateek as the Project Manager? Critically evaluate each of the options.\nc What option should Prateek adopt and why?","20","20"],[30,"a. मामले में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा करें।\nb. दी गई परिस्थितियों में, प्रोजेक्ट मैनेजर के रूप में प्रतीक के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं? प्रत्येक विकल्प का आलोचनात्मक मूल्यांकन करें।\nc. प्रतीक को कौन सा विकल्प अपनाना चाहिए और क्यों?","","20 अंक"],[35,"Q.8 Ramesh is a ninth-class student of Shiksha Public School from a lower-middle-class family in a tier-3 city. He had a deep interest in creative arts like music and dance and had always excelled in them. Teachers and friends often praised his talent, and Ramesh dreamed of pursuing a career in performing arts. However, his parents envisioned a different path for him, which was becoming an engineer. Coming from modest backgrounds and facing financial difficulties, Ramesh's parents were banking on his engineering career to secure a stable and prosperous future. When Ramesh shared his dream with his parents, they strongly opposed it, as expected. His father dismissed his passion as unrealistic and said music and dance were not respectable professions. He also compared Ramesh to his cousin Mahesh, who had secured a high-paying job after graduating from a top engineering college. Ramesh felt pressured and reluctantly agreed to pursue science in school. After completing his board exams, his parents sent him to Kotanagar, a coaching hub known for engineering entrance exam preparation. To finance Ramesh's coaching fees, his parents mortgaged their only ancestral property, emphasizing the importance of Ramesh's success in the upcoming engineering entrance exams. Ramesh, torn between his dreams and his family's expectations, resolved to work hard. However, the demanding coaching schedule, coupled with his lack of interest in the subjects, began to take a toll on his mental health. Far from home, Ramesh felt isolated and depressed. He missed his friends, school environment, and the hobbies that once brought him joy. The pressure to perform was immense, with his mock test results consistently falling short of expectations. Over time, he began withdrawing from others, even avoiding phone calls with his parents. After two years of grueling preparation, Ramesh appeared for the entrance exam under the weight of crushing expectations. When the results were declared, he was unable to secure admission to a prestigious engineering college. The disappointment in his parents' voices further deepened his guilt and sense of failure. Feeling like a burden and unable to bear the weight of unmet expectations, Ramesh took a drastic step and ended his life by jumping from his hostel building. In his final note, Ramesh apologized to his parents for failing to meet their aspirations and expressed his regret for letting them down.\na Based on the above case study, discuss the ethical issues with the education system.\nb What are the qualities lacked by Ramesh's parents?\nc What qualities in a person can prevent them from taking the extreme step of suicide?","20","250"],[36,"a. उपरोक्‍त केस स्‍टडी के आधार पर शिक्षा प्रणाली से जुड़े नैतिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा करें।\nb. रमेश के माता-पिता में कौन से गुणों का अभाव है?\nc. किसी व्यक्ति के कौन से गुण उसे आत्महत्या जैसा चरम कदम उठाने से रोक सकते हैं?\na उपरोक्‍त केस स्‍टडी के आधार पर शिक्षा प्रणाली से जुड़े नैतिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा करें।\nb रमेश के माता-पिता में कौन से गुणों का अभाव है?\nc किसी व्यक्ति के कौन से गुण उसे आत्महत्या जैसा चरम कदम उठाने से रोक सकते हैं?","20 अंक","250 शब्द"],[41,"Q.9 Inside a busy city administration office, Joint Municipal Commissioner Keerthi, who also serves as the Public Information Officer (PIO), faces a challenging situation. Recently, an RTI application has been received, demanding details about public infrastructure projects initiated during her tenure. Upon reviewing the requested information, Keerthi discovers that certain decisions made regarding these projects were not entirely sound in hindsight. These decisions, although taken in good faith and after due diligence, failed to realize promised outcomes. There were other employees also who were party to this decision. The disclosure of this information could potentially lead to scrutiny and backlash against herself, the employees, and contractors involved. Known for her integrity and commitment to public service, Keerthi finds herself at a crossroads. The RTI Act has served as a critical check against administrative arbitrariness, ensuring transparency and accountability. However, she also observes a troubling trend. RTI applications are often used by vested interests and activists seeking personal gain rather than genuine public interest. Some activists even resort to threats or extortion tactics, undermining the integrity of the RTI process. She fears the requested RTI information could be similarly exploited. Moreover, the employees involved are requesting her to withhold the information. In navigating this situation, Keerthi weighs her options carefully.\na. Critically examine the options available to Keerthi in the above situation.\nb. Which of the above would be the most appropriate for Keerthi and why?","20","250"],[46,"Q.10) Littering at popular tourist destinations has become a significant environmental and ethical concern in India. A recent incident highlighted this issue when tourists were observed throwing tissue papers and a cake box on the road after celebrating a birthday. When a local politely requested them to use a nearby dustbin just 5 feet away, the tourists dismissed the appeal, claiming no dustbin was available. The situation escalated when their driver threw a plastic bag into the adjacent valley. Public reactions to the incident were divided. Some individuals commended the intervention as an effort to promote civic responsibility, emphasizing the need to protect fragile ecosystems like hill stations. Many argued that tourists must adhere to basic environmental ethics and that public spaces are a shared responsibility. Critics also highlighted the broader implications of such irresponsible behavior on the environment and local livelihoods. On the other hand, the tourists involved accused those intervening of interfering in their personal affairs, claiming their privacy was being violated. The argument that the tourists were being publicly shamed through the viral video added another layer to the ethical debate. Many questioned whether posting such incidents online, even for a social cause, was appropriate or necessary. The debate continues, with one side emphasizing the collective responsibility to preserve public spaces and the environment, while the other raises concerns about individual privacy and autonomy.\na. What are the ethical concerns associated with tourists littering at public destinations?\nb. How can ethical tourism practices be integrated into policies to address issues like littering at tourist destinations?\nc. Suggest a course of action that balances environmental responsibility and individual rights. Justify your answer.","20","250"],[51,"Q.11 With multipronged strategy of the Central and State Governments, especially in the last few years, the Naxalite problem has been resolved to a large extent in the affected states of the country. However, there are a few pockets in certain states where the naxalite problem still persists, mainly due to the involvement of foreign countries. Rohit is posted as SP (Special Operations) for the last one year, in one of the districts which is still affected by the naxalite problem. The district administration has taken a lot of developmental works in the recent past in the naxalite-affected areas to win the hearts and minds of the people. Over a period of time, Rohit has established an excellent intelligence network to get real-time information regarding the movement of naxalite cadre. To instill confidence in the public and have moral ascendancy over the naxalites, a number of cordon and search operations are being conducted by the police. Rohit, who himself was leading one of the contingents, got a message through his intelligence source that about ten hardcore naxalites were hiding in a particular village with sophisticated weapons. Without wasting any time, Rohit reached the target village with his team and laid out a foolproof cordon and started carrying out a systematic search. During the search, his team managed to overpower all the naxalites along with their automatic weapons. However, in the meantime, more than a hundred tribal women surrounded the village and started marching towards the target house. They were shouting and demanding the immediate release of insurgents since they are their protectors and saviors. The situation on the ground was becoming very critical as the tribal women were extremely agitated and aggressive. Rohit tried to contact his superior officer (IG Special Operations) of the state on the radio set and on mobile phone, but failed to do so due to poor connectivity. Rohit was in great dilemma since out of the naxalites apprehended, two were not only hardcore top insurgents with prize money of ₹10 lakhs on their heads, but were also involved in a recent ambush on the security forces. However, if he did not release the naxalites, the situation could get out of control since the tribal women were aggressively charging towards them. In that case, to control the situation, Rohit might have to resort to firing, which may lead to valuable loss of lives of civilians and would further complicate the situation.\na What are the options available with Rohit to cope with the situation?\nb What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by Rohit?\nc Which of the options, do you think, would be more appropriate for Rohit to adopt and why?\nd In the present situation, what are the extra precautionary measures to be taken by the police in dealing with women protesters?","20","20"],[56,"Q.12 In the lush green expanse of the Eastern Ghats, a significant change is underway. The state government has announced a new infrastructure project — a highway connecting City A and City B. This project, envisioned as a catalyst for economic growth and enhanced connectivity, also promises to attract significant investments, including from a major semiconductor company. The semiconductor company is important for strategic purposes, given the growing importance of semiconductors in defense, space, and communications sectors. However, the proposed highway passes through a densely forested tribal area, home to an indigenous community deeply connected to the land. The local tribal community, reliant on the forest for their livelihood and cultural practices, is alarmed by the prospect of displacement and the extensive forest clearance required by the project. The forest is not just their home but a crucial part of their identity and source of livelihood. It is where their ancestors are buried, where they grow medicinal plants, and where their children play. The community's leaders, including Meera, a respected elder, are determined to protect their land. They fear losing their ancestral lands and the destruction of their way of life. Determined to make their voices heard, the community organizes a protest march to the office of the District Magistrate and seeks time to meet the DM. The DM, Vikash known for his fair and balanced approach, listens intently as Meera and other leaders explain their fears. They asserted their legally protected right to manage and protect the forest. Meanwhile, in the corporate offices of M&T Infrastructure Ltd., CEO Sunil is grappling with the growing unrest. The company has been contracted to build the highway, but the resistance from the tribal community poses a significant challenge. Delays could lead to escalating costs and potential project failure. Sunil decides to seek a meeting with Saritha, the Chief Secretary of State, to discuss the situation. Saritha, overseeing the project from the state secretariat, is aware of the delicate balance needed. The project is crucial for the state's development and aligns with the policy of promoting ease of doing business. Moreover, the potential investment from the semiconductor company is strategically important for both the state and the nation. Any delay or hindrance could tarnish the state's reputation and dissuade future investments. When Sunil meets Saritha, he lays out his concerns. \"Madam Secretary, the protests are intensifying. If this continues, we might have to consider withdrawing from the project. The financial risks are becoming untenable.\" The ruling party, keen to maintain its pro-development image, wants early completion of the project and the materialization of the semiconductor manufacturing plant to fulfill its poll promises. The Chief Secretary conveys the policy of the state government and the concerns of M&T Infrastructure Ltd. to the District Magistrate of the district concerned. As the administrative head of the district, the responsibility for maintaining law and order and facilitating development projects rests upon him.\na. What are the ethical issues involved in the case?\nb. Evaluate the options available to Vikash being District Magistrate of the area.\nc. What course of action should Vikash adopt and why?","","20"],[57,"a. इस मामले में नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं?\nb. क्षेत्र के जिला मजिस्ट्रेट होने के नाते विकास के लिए उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन करें।\nc. विकास को क्या कार्यवाही अपनानी चाहिए और क्यों?\na इस मामले में नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं?\nb क्षेत्र के जिला मजिस्ट्रेट होने के नाते विकास के लिए उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन करें।\nc विकास को क्या कार्यवाही अपनानी चाहिए और क्यों?","20 अंक","20 अंक"]]},{"i":232,"t":"Aryan Sirsikar","c":"Forumias","p":"GS3","y":2025,"r":175,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/ARYAN-SIRSIKAR-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-175-Sample-MGP-Copy-3.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) Explain the significance of the recent changes made to the Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) with respect to labour market data estimation in the country.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Discuss the implications of the rising trend of protectionism and tariff wars in global trade for India's macroeconomic stability.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) \"Genome-edited crops have the potential to strengthen food and nutritional security in the country.\" Examine.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) Assess the role of Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY) in expanding irrigation coverage and improving on-farm water use efficiency.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5 Starlink, a satellite internet service provider, has recently been granted a license to operate in India. What is satellite internet? How does it work? What are its advantages and limitations?","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) What is a Geographical Indication (GI)? What are the legal frameworks governing it? How does it differ from a trademark? How can GI infringement be tackled?","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) What are the salient features of Mission Mausam launched by the Government of India? Why is such a mission needed? What are the likely challenges in its effective implementation?","10","150"],[17,"Q.8 Highlight the key provisions of the Disaster Management (Amendment) Act, 2025. How would the amendment help strengthen the disaster management framework in the country?","10","150"],[19,"Q.9) 'Operation Sindoor' signals a strategic evolution in India's approach to cross-border terrorism. Analyze.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10) 'Cyberspace has emerged as a distinct domain of warfare, posing serious threats to national security.' Discuss this statement and suggest counter-measures.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11 What are the key objectives of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC), 2016? To what extent has it been successful in achieving them?","15","250"],[26,"Q.12) Despite phenomenal growth in recent years, India's startup ecosystem lags in innovation across strategic sectors. Identify the factors responsible for this inadequate focus on deep-tech and suggest strategies to bridge this gap.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13) What is floriculture? How is it helpful in enhancing farm income and boosting agri-exports?","15","250"],[30,"1 Floriculture Boosting Farm Income & Agriculture Exports","",""],[32,"Q.14 \"Women play a crucial role in Indian agriculture, yet continue to face systemic exclusion.\" Discuss with reference to land ownership, access to credit, and agri-extension services. What initiatives has the government taken in this regard?","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 Launched on 25th June 2025, the Axiom-4 (Ax-04) mission has been much in the news since then. What are the key features of the mission? What significance does it hold for the Gaganyaan project and India's long-term space ambitions?","15","250"],[38,"Q.16) Energy storage technology is one of the major components of renewable energy integration and decarbonization of world energy systems. Briefly discuss any three such technologies, citing their key merits and demerits.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17) Global Pandemic Agreement (2025) recognizes the 'One Health' approach as critical to pandemic prevention, preparedness, and response. Highlight the key features of the agreement and elaborate on how the One Health approach can help in preventing future pandemics. What steps are needed to integrate this approach into India's environmental and health governance?","15","250"],[44,"Q.18) The frequency and intensity of heatwaves, particularly in urban centres, have increased in recent years. Describe the various causes and effects of heatwaves. What policies and frameworks have been adopted in India towards extreme heat risk management?","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 Discuss how emerging technologies and globalization contribute to terror financing. Elaborate measures to tackle the menace of terror financing both at national and international levels.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20) Explain the key components of the National Policy and Action Plan (2015) that have contributed to the significant decline of Left-Wing Extremism (LWE). What additional steps would you suggest to eliminate LWE in the near future?","15","250"]]},{"i":235,"t":"Aryan Yadav","c":"Visionias","p":"Essay","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/c86d7-1537720_4514_aryan_yadav_rank_31.pdf","q":[[5,"Write two essays, choosing one topic from each of the Sections A and B, in about 1000-1200 words each :\n1. You may have to fight a battle more than once to win it.\n2. In matters of conscience, the law of the majority has no place.\n3. He who opens a school door, closes a prison.\n4. Only in the depths of winter can we truly appreciate the warmth of spring.\n5. We cannot always build the future for our youth, but we can build our youth for the future.\n6. Copying is safe; innovation demands courage.\n7. The more we automate, the more human we must become.\n8. The pursuit of instant validation is creating a generation of restless minds.","125 x 2 = 250","1000-1200 words each"],[14,"What then can we do to truly appreciate the warmth of the spring?","",""]]},{"i":234,"t":"Aryan Yadav","c":"Forumias","p":"GS1","y":2025,"r":31,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/ARYAN-YADAVUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-31-Sample-MGP-Copy-2.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) What are the main features of Vedic society and religion? Do you think some of the features are still prevailing in Indian society?","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) The synthesis of Islamic architectural styles with elements from local Indian traditions contributed to the development of Indo-Islamic architecture in India. Discuss.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) What were the reasons behind the relative peace and lack of major international conflicts during the 1920s?","10","150"],[9,"Q.4 Discuss the significance of the 1998 Pokhran nuclear tests as a transformative moment in India's post-independence history.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) What were the reasons that the British emerged as the preeminent power after succeeding against other European powers in the Indian subcontinent?","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) \"The very policy that was meant to further subjugate Indians catalyzed free thought and questioned the notion of British superiority.\" Discuss in the context of British education policy in colonial India.","10","150"],[14,"How British Education policy catalysed free thought","",""],[15,"Q.7 How far do you agree with the view that Stalinism was just a continuation of Leninism?","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) The revolt of 1857 was far more than a mutiny, yet much less than the first war of independence. Do you agree? Substantiate your views.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9) Unemployment is not just an economic challenge, but a social one with far-reaching consequences. In this context, discuss the social impact of unemployment in the country.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10 \"The socio-cultural consequences of the contact between tribal and non-tribal populations are complex and multifaceted.\" Examine.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11 Differentiate between the Nagara and Dravida styles of temple architecture. Explain how the Vesara architectural style creatively amalgamated architectural elements of both, while introducing innovative elements of its own.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12 Identify the key reasons behind British colonial intervention in Malaya in the 19th century. How did Malaya react to British colonial rule?","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 The integration of the Princely States into the Indian Union after partition involved overcoming significant administrative and socio-cultural hurdles. Discuss the statement with special emphasis on the integration of Hyderabad. Also, throw light on the role of Sardar Patel in the integration process.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 Non-Cooperation-Khilafat Movement was a watershed event in the Indian freedom struggle, but it suffered from inherent limitations. Elaborate.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 The Bhakti movement, emphasizing 'personal connection' to the DIVINE, had a profound impact on various aspects of Indian society. Highlighting the main features of the Bhakti movement, discuss its contribution towards the development of vernacular languages across the country.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16) Discuss the developments in the field of art and architecture during the Mauryan period.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 The German unification was achieved more by 'coal and iron' than by 'blood and iron'. Examine.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 How do conventional gender roles and responsibilities make women more susceptible to the impacts of extreme heat conditions? What measures would you suggest reducing these vulnerabilities?","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 \"The changing nature of revolutionary extremism in the Indian national movement reflects a broader shift in political consciousness.\" Substantiate.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 While there are extensive policies focused on equity and social justice, yet the underprivileged sections are deprived of full benefits of affirmative action guaranteed by the Constitution. Comment.","15","250"]]},{"i":237,"t":"Aryan Yadav","c":"Vision","p":"GS1","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/11d9d-1537720_4510_aryan_yadav_rank_31.pdf","q":[[6,"1. Folk music serves as a repository of the cultural identity. Discuss the role of folk music in preserving cultural heritage and promoting social cohesion.","10","150"],[8,"2. How does the Vesara style of temple architecture represent a synthesis of the Nagara and Dravida styles? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[10,"3. Discuss the role played by Indians living abroad in advancing the cause of India's freedom struggle. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[12,"4. How did the Marshall Plan influence the economic recovery and political stability of post-war Europe? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[14,"5. Discuss the factors responsible for increased cyclonic activity in the Arabian Sea. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"6. How can technological interventions help in transforming the textile sector in India? What are the initiatives that the government has taken in this regard? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[18,"7. What is a seiche and how does it form? Discuss the geographical conditions under which seiches are most likely to occur. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[20,"8. How has rapid urbanisation affected the socio-cultural landscape of peri-urban regions in India? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[22,"9. Examine the role of historical and socio-political factors in driving communalism in Indian politics. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[24,"10. Globalization has significantly influenced the aspirations, lifestyle, and value systems of Indian youth. Discuss with suitable examples. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[26,"11. Examine how Chandragupta-II's reign symbolised a golden age of cultural development, laying the foundation for future advancements in Indian art and literature.","15","Answer in 250"],[27,"How it laid foundation for future advancements of art & literature in India","",""],[29,"12. Evaluate the intended and unintended consequences of British educational policies for the Indian society in the colonial period. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[32,"13. India's territorial disputes after independence were not merely about borders, but also encompass issues of national identity, historical grievances, and geopolitical strategies. Discuss. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[35,"14. Discuss the geographical conditions responsible for the development of shola forests in the upper reaches of the Western Ghats. Highlight their ecological significance.","15","Answer in 250"],[38,"15. Discuss the potential of natural hydrogen as a fuel to meet growing global energy demands? Why is it still an untapped industry? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[41,"16. Why is there a shift of labour-intensive industries from China to South and Southeast Asia? Discuss the advantages and challenges for India in this context. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[44,"17. Explain the socio-economic transformations resulting from women's migration to metropolitan areas in India. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[47,"18. The institution of marriage in India is increasingly becoming a site of conspicuous consumption and commodification. Critically examine the impact of this commercialisation on social equity and gender relations. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[50,"19. Analyse how recognizing, reducing, and redistributing care work can foster gender equality and promote inclusive development in India. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[53,"20. Discuss the changing nature of family structures in urban India. How is it impacting elderly care and socialization of the youth? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"]]},{"i":238,"t":"Aryan Yadav","c":"Vision","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/64531-1537720_4511_aryan_yadav_rank_31.pdf","q":[[6,"1. How does the Supreme Court’s recent decision on Aligarh Muslim University’s minority status affect the interpretation of Article 30 of the Indian Constitution? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[8,"2. The Supreme Court, in a recent verdict, prescribed a time period for the Governor's assent to state legislative bills. What are the implications of this judgment for cooperative federalism and legislative accountability in India? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[10,"3. Discuss the recent changes and initiatives related to cooperatives that aim to smoothen the tussle between the Centre and States in the cooperative sector. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[12,"4. In recent years, use of social media and digital mobilisation by civil society has emerged as a powerful form of pressure politics. Examine its impact on policymaking and democratic accountability.","10","150"],[14,"5. How is Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) emerging as a business-led solution for addressing development challenges in India? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"6. Discuss how mechanisms like public consultations and Jan Sunwais in India impact governance outcomes. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[18,"7. How effective have the National Action Plan for Drug Demand Reduction (NAPDDR) and Nasha Mukt Bharat Abhiyaan been in addressing substance abuse in India? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[20,"8. Rote learning and neglect of creativity in foundational education setup in India make it less ready for marketplaces that are now driven by Artificial Intelligence. Do you agree with this view? Substantiate your argument.","10","150"],[22,"9. Analyze the transformation of the G7 from a symbol of Western strategic unity to a forum marked by internal contradictions. How should India navigate this changing dynamic to advance its strategic interests? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[24,"10. Discuss the role of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in the development of developing countries. What are the key criticisms associated with its approach? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[26,"11. The 103rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 2019 has introduced a new dimension to the principle of affirmative action in India. Critically examine its implications for the broader goal of social justice.","15","250"],[29,"12. The District Planning Committee (DPC) was envisioned as a key instrument to strengthen grassroots-level planning. How far has it succeeded in achieving this goal? Discuss the challenges faced by DPCs and suggest measures to make them more effective.","15","250"],[32,"13. The restrictions imposed under Article 293 of the Constitution on State borrowing powers, though constitutionally valid, may hinder fiscal autonomy of States and disrupt cooperative federalism. Discuss in the light of recent developments. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[35,"14. Examine the tension between the right to contest elections and the need to uphold electoral ethics under the Representation of the People Act. Should there be a lifetime ban on convicted criminals? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[38,"15. To what extent has the Beti Bachao Beti Padhao (BBBP) scheme, launched in 2015, succeeded in addressing the declining child sex ratio and empowering the girl child? Suggest measures to enhance its impact at the grassroots level.","15","Answer in 250"],[41,"16. Self-Help Groups (SHGs) are emerging as vehicles of socio-economic transformation in rural India. Examine the role of government in scaling their reach and effectiveness.","15","Answer in 250"],[44,"17. Despite economic growth, multidimensional poverty continues to persist in India. Analyse the underlying causes and discuss the measures taken by the government to address them. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[47,"18. India faces a paradox of food surplus and nutritional deficit. Analyse the structural reasons behind this paradox and suggest reform strategies. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[50,"19. India's timely response during the economic crises in Sri Lanka and the Maldives reflects its \"Neighbourhood First\" policy in action. Examine how Indian aid has impacted bilateral ties with these nations. What steps can further be taken to promote sustainable economic cooperation in the Indian Ocean region? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[53,"20. Discuss the geostrategic significance of Afghanistan for India in the context of continental connectivity and access to Central Asia. How has the altered political landscape post-2021 affected India's connectivity and energy corridor ambitions? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"]]},{"i":239,"t":"Aryan Yadav","c":"Vision","p":"GS3","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/4d1bd-1537720_4512_aryan_yadav_rank_31.pdf","q":[[6,"1. Analyse the factors that have contributed to India's inclusive economic growth in the past decade.","10","150"],[8,"2. The Reserve Bank of India's surplus transfers offer the government much-needed fiscal space, yet they are not without challenges. Critically examine the implications of the RBI's surplus transfers to the government. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[10,"3. To what extent was the first National Monetization Pipeline (NMP) able to meet its objectives? What are the objectives of the new Asset Monetization Plan 2025–30 as announced in the recent 2025 Budget? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[12,"4. Examine the major challenges hindering the Indian textile industry from achieving its full potential in the global value chain. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[14,"5. Why has India become increasingly import-dependent for edible oils despite being a major agricultural economy? (Answer in 150 words)","'10","150"],[16,"6. Air accidents are low-frequency but high-impact events. Examine the disaster management protocols in place for aviation-related emergencies in India. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[18,"7. Chemical pollution poses a grave threat to human health and the environment in India. Discuss the key sources contributing to pervasive chemical contamination and evaluate the effectiveness of existing environmental laws in curbing this problem. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[20,"8. Missile defence systems are becoming critical for national security in the face of evolving regional threats and advanced weapon technologies. Explain the working principle of missile defence systems. Critically assess India's progress in developing indigenous missile defence capabilities.","10","150"],[22,"9. Despite multiple resolutions and initiatives undertaken by the United Nations Security Council (UNSC), its efforts to counter terrorism have achieved limited success. Discuss the reasons for this limited effectiveness.","10","150"],[24,"10. India practices a ‘multi-alignment’ approach in its cyber diplomacy. How does this posture strengthen India’s internal security while maintaining strategic autonomy? (Answer in 150 words)","","150"],[26,"11. While examining the shortcomings of the land reforms in the past, elaborate what land reforms 2.0 should look like. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[29,"12. As NITI Aayog completes 10 years of its establishment, critically examine its role in the planning and development paradigm of governance in India. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[32,"13. What are the primary causes of limited formal credit penetration among the rural and unbanked populations in India? Comment on the effectiveness of Small Finance Banks in addressing this gap and advancing inclusive financial growth.","","250"],[35,"14. To what extent has the Production Linked Incentive Scheme for the food processing industry facilitated value addition, employment generation, and global competitiveness in India's food processing industry? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[38,"15. Waste circularity is emerging as a sustainable solution to India's mounting solid waste crisis. Discuss the key principles of waste circularity and the government's initiative in this regard. How effective have these measures been in fostering a circular economy? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[41,"16. Discuss the importance of integrating traditional ecological knowledge of India's tribal communities with modern disaster management frameworks. Mention two examples where indigenous practices have contributed to disaster resilience. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[44,"17 CRISPR technology has rapidly advanced in recent years, with new tools and clinical breakthroughs. Highlight the recent developments in CRISPR-based gene editing technology applications. Discuss the opportunities and ethical challenges these advancements present for healthcare and society.","15","250"],[47,"18. A credible semiconductor ecosystem is pivotal for India's economic security as much as for national security. Analyse the strategic objectives, incentives, and institutional architecture of the India Semiconductor Mission (ISM). Identify the major risks that could derail its timelines.","15","250"],[50,"19. Intricate inter-play of diverse factors has been the force multipliers for extremism in the North East. Discuss. Suggest a multilayered strategy to tackle the menace of extremism in this region.","15","250"],[53,"20. Despite recent steps towards inducting women into combat roles, their participation remains low. Examine the key challenges impeding the greater inclusion of women in the Indian armed forces. Also, suggest suitable measures to enhance their participation. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"]]},{"i":236,"t":"Aryan Yadav","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/872d7-1537720_4513_aryan_yadav_rank_31.pdf","q":[[6,"1. (a) Compassion is the courageous choice to feel another's suffering as one's own, and to act upon it, even when silence is safer and indifference is easier. Examine the significance of compassion as an essential ethical value for civil servants in India. Illustrate your answer with suitable examples.","10","150"],[8,"1. (b) Marriages in India are transitioning from traditional sacramental unions to more autonomous relationships, reflected in live-in relationships and rising divorce rates. Discuss the ethical dimensions of these changes. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[10,"2. (a) While accountability often necessitates documentation, an overemphasis on bureaucratic procedures and excessive paperwork can inadvertently silence the very voices that public policy intends to empower, particularly at the grassroots. Examine the above statement with suitable illustrations.","10","150"],[12,"2. (b) The principle of impartiality may conflict with the need for compassion towards marginalized communities. Discuss in the context of civil services in India. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[14,"3 (a) What do each of the following quotations mean to you?\na \"The strength of a nation derives from the integrity of the home.\" - Confucius (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"3. (b) \"Act only according to that maxim through which you can at the same time will that it become a universal law.\" - Immanuel Kant (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[18,"3. (c) \"We are not only responsible for what we do, but also for what we fail to do\" - Molière. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[20,"4. (a) Patriotism encourages ethical questioning, while nationalism often suppresses it. Discuss this statement in light of the formation of political attitudes during high-pressure national events. How can individuals develop moral attitudes that balance national interest with ethical reasoning?","10","150"],[22,"4. (b) Discuss how employee well-being and fairness can be balanced with efficiency and profitability in private organisations.","10","150"],[24,"5. (a) Do you agree that excessive use of social media and emerging AI technologies may lead to a decline in emotional regulation and moral sensitivity among adolescents? Justify your answer.","10","150"],[26,"5. (b) In light of the increasing incidents of suicides among students in India, discuss how Emotional Intelligence (EI) can aid in managing stress and emotional challenges.","10","150"],[28,"6. (a) In public service, emotional intelligence is not about suppressing emotion, but mastering its purpose — to connect, to de-escalate, and to uplift others with empathy and strength. Do you agree with this view? Discuss.","10","150"],[30,"6. (b) An efficient work culture is built not only on rules, but on shared values. In this context, evaluate the role of leadership and team dynamics in transforming work culture within an organization.","10","150"],[32,"7 You are posted as the Joint Secretary in the Department of Information Technology of a state. The government recently implemented several citizen-centric digital services, collecting large volumes of personal data from residents. The Digital Personal Data Protection (DPDP) Act, 2023, requires that such data be processed only with explicit and informed consent, and mandates that processing must cease immediately upon withdrawal of consent.\n\nDuring an internal audit, you discover that the department continues to process and analyze personal data of several citizens even after they have formally withdrawn their consent. This data is being used for policy analytics and service improvement, purposes not explicitly disclosed at the time of data collection. When you bring this to the attention of your department head, you are informed that halting the processing will disrupt ongoing digital initiatives and may affect state-level performance metrics. Moreover, you find that the consent withdrawal process is cumbersome, and many citizens are unaware of their rights under the DPDP Act.\n\nYou also learn that a prominent social activist is planning to file a complaint with the Data Protection Board against involuntary use of personal data, which could attract public scrutiny and legal action against the department.\n(a) Identify and discuss the ethical issues involved in this case.\n(b) What are the potential consequences for the department if the issue is not addressed transparently?\n(c) How would you balance the need for efficient public service delivery with the obligation to protect citizens’ data rights? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[37,"8 You are an IAS officer, currently serving as the Secretary of the Public Works Department in a hill state. Recently, a disturbing incident has come to light involving a senior Cabinet Minister and two engineers of the National Highways Authority of India (NHAI). During an inspection of a critical highway project, the Minister was allegedly seen on video physically assaulting and verbally abusing the engineers in full public view. The video, recorded by bystanders, went viral on social media and was widely covered by television channels, sparking both outrage and support from different sections of society. The Minister later defended his actions, alleging that the officials were corrupt, unresponsive to local grievances, and responsible for inordinate delays in the project. He insisted that his actions were driven by public frustration and the urgency of delivering infrastructure to a remote region.\n\nHowever, the engineers have filed a police complaint and written to their superiors, claiming they were targeted for resisting political pressure to award contracts to specific local contractors linked to the Minister. As the situation escalated, a union of NHAI engineers declared a strike,\n(a) इस प्रकरण में शामिल प्रमुख नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं? हितधारकों और उनके परस्पर विरोधी हितों की पहचान कीजिए।\n(b) लोक निर्माण विभाग के सचिव के रूप में, आप उपयुक्त स्थिति में क्या कार्रवाई करेंगे?\n(c) ऐसी घटनाएं सिविल सेवकों के मनोबल और शासन में जनता के विश्वास को कैसे प्रभावित करती हैं? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250"],[38,"(a) What are the key ethical issues involved in this situation? Identify the stakeholders and their conflicting interests.\n(b) As the Secretary of the PWD, what actions will you take in above situation?\n(c) How do such incidents affect the morale of civil servants and public trust in governance? (Answer in 250 words)\na) What are the key ethical issues involved in this situation? Identify the stakeholders and their conflicting interests.\nb) As the Secretary of the PWD, what actions will you take in above situation?\nc) How do such incidents affect the morale of civil servants and public trust in governance?","20","250"],[42,"9 You are the Secretary in the Department of Personnel and Training (DoPT), Government of India. In recent years, an increasing number of civil servants, particularly younger officers from the IAS, IPS, and IRS, have begun maintaining personal YouTube channels and social media pages. On these platforms, they regularly post videos related to their official work — showcasing innovative projects, public outreach initiatives, inspection drives, and sometimes even day-to-day administrative duties.\n\nThese videos often receive widespread public attention, and many viewers express admiration, saying such content enhances transparency, motivates aspirants, and humanizes the bureaucracy. However, concerns have also emerged from various quarters. Senior officers argue that such content may blur the boundaries between personal branding and public service, while some citizens and media commentators point to instances where videos feature vulnerable beneficiaries without consent, raise concerns about misuse of official premises, or seem designed more for personal popularity than public accountability.\n(a) लोक सेवकों द्वारा अपने आधिकारिक कार्यों को सोशल मीडिया पर सार्वजनिक रूप से प्रदर्शित करने के कृत्यों में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों की पहचान कीजिए।\n(b) क्या ऐसी प्रयासें जागरूकता और प्रेरणा को प्रोत्साहन देती हैं या क्या ये अनामिता, तटस्थता और सामूहिक सेवा भावना के मूल्यों से समझौता करती हैं? अपना मत दीजिए।\n(c) सचिव के रूप में, लोक सेवकों की उत्तरदायित्व डिजिटल सहभागिता सुनिश्चित करने के लिए आप कौन-से मार्गदर्शक सिद्धांत और नीतिगत अनुशासन सुझाएंगे? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250 शब्दों में"],[43,"In one case, a district magistrate was seen filming a surprise school inspection in which teachers were scolded on camera — the video was later posted to his personal YouTube channel that is also monetized. While some praised the officer's strictness, others criticized the public shaming of teachers and the breach of service dignity. In another case, a police officer was seen directing a flood rescue operation while his staff filmed drone footage, later edited into a motivational video for social media. You have been asked to prepare a report with recommendations to balance public interest, institutional integrity, and evolving modes of communication.\n(a) Identify the ethical issues involved in civil servants publicly showcasing their official work on social media.\n(b) Do such practices promote awareness and motivation, or do they compromise the values of anonymity, neutrality, and collective service ethos? Give your opinion.\n(c) As the Secretary, what guiding principles and policy recommendations would you suggest to ensure responsible digital engagement by civil servants? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[47,"10 You are the Director of the National Bioethics Commission who is responsible for assessing the ethical feasibility and oversight of a nationwide gene sequencing program. The project named GeneFuture, aims to sequence the DNA of every newborn child and store it in a centralized national database. The objective is to identify genetic predispositions to serious diseases early in life, allowing for preventive treatment and personalized medicine. Over 100,000 babies have already been enrolled in the pilot phase of the program. The government claims that this move is a landmark step in public health advancement.\n\nHowever, collection of newborn genetic data raises significant ethical concerns, particularly around informed consent, which may not fully capture parents' understanding of the long-term risks involved. Once gathered, this sensitive data could be misused for purposes such as surveillance, insurance discrimination, or commercial marketing by third parties. Uncertainty over data ownership—whether it lies with the state, parents, or the individual as they mature—further complicates the issue. The involvement of private tech and pharmaceutical companies heightens fears of commercial exploitation, especially in the absence of clear mechanisms for individuals to withdraw consent or delete their genetic information upon reaching adulthood.\n(a) What are the ethical issues you perceive in the implementation of the GeneFuture program?\n(b) Identify the conflicting interests of different stakeholders in this case.\n(c) What guiding ethical principles would you recommend for implementation of this project? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[52,"11 You are a dedicated District Health Officer (DHO) with a strong commitment to evidence-based public health practices, recently assigned to a remote district in India. Your immediate and most critical task is to lead a crucial district-wide Measles-Rubella (MR) vaccination drive, aimed at achieving 100% immunization coverage among children aged 9 months to 15 years. The success of this drive is vital for the collective health of thousands of children and for the district's overall health indicators, especially with the impending monsoon season posing additional health challenges.\n\nHowever, in one of the largest and most traditional villages in your district, you encounter formidable resistance. The villagers, deeply influenced by the pronouncements of a revered local\n(a) उपयुक्त प्रकरण में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\n(b) इस विरोध को शांत करने के लिए आपके पास तत्काल क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\n(c) अंधविश्वास के व्यापक प्रभाव को दूर करने और संधारणीय लोक स्वास्थ्य परिणामों हेतु वैज्ञानिक सोच को बढ़ावा देने के लिए आप कौन-सी दीर्घकालिक रणनीतियाँ और प्रणालीगत सुधारों का सुझाव देंगे? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250"],[53,"(a) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the above case.\n(b) What are the immediate options available to you to overcome this resistance?\n(c) What long-term strategies and systemic reforms would you suggest to address the pervasive influence of superstition and foster a scientific temperament for sustainable public health outcomes? (Answer in 250 words)\na) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the above case.\nb) What are the immediate options available to you to overcome this resistance?\nc) What long-term strategies and systemic reforms would you suggest to address the pervasive influence of superstition and foster a scientific temperament for sustainable public health outcomes?","20","250"],[57,"12 (a) आपके समक्ष विद्यमान संभावित प्रशासनिक और नैतिक दुविधाएं क्या हैं?\n(b) आपके लिए उपलब्ध सभी विकल्पों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\n(c) आप अपने निर्णय का नैतिक औचित्य सिद्ध करते हुए कौन-सी व्यापक कार्यवाही करेंगे? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)\na) आपके समक्ष विद्यमान संभावित प्रशासनिक और नैतिक दुविधाएं क्या हैं?\nb) आपके लिए उपलब्ध सभी विकल्पों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\nc) आप अपने निर्णय का नैतिक औचित्य सिद्ध करते हुए कौन-सी व्यापक कार्यवाही करेंगे? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250 शब्दों में"],[58,"(a) What are the potential administrative and ethical dilemmas you face?\n(b) Discuss all options available to you.\n(c) What comprehensive course of action would you choose to adopt, providing ethical justification for your decision? (Answer in 250 words)\na) What are the potential administrative and ethical dilemmas you face?\nb) Discuss all options available to you.\nc) What comprehensive course of action would you choose to adopt, providing ethical justification for your decision? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"]]},{"i":240,"t":"Asad Aqeel","c":"Forumias","p":"Essay","y":2025,"r":321,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/ASAD-AQEELUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-321-Sample-ESSAY-COPY-1.pdf","q":[[3,"1. Modern day charity is not mere donation.\n2. No man is good enough to govern another man without that man's consent.\n3. The philosophy that all creatures have a purpose needs due attention.\n4. An administrator does the thing right, while a leader does the right thing.","",""]]},{"i":241,"t":"Asad Aqeel","c":"Forumias","p":"Essay","y":2025,"r":321,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/ASAD-AQEELUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-321-Sample-ESSAY-COPY-2.pdf","q":[[3,"1. Gender related movements and their manifestations vary across time and space.","",""],[12,"Globalising impact on entrepreneurship led inclusion","",""]]},{"i":243,"t":"Asad Aqeel","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2025,"r":321,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/ASAD-AQEELUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-321-Sample-MGP-COPY-2.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) How will you explain that the Government of India Act 1935 was seminal in giving shape to the Indian constitution?","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) The constitution of India is not a bag of borrowing, but a 'beautiful patchwork' that aptly mirrors the nation's diversity. Comment.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3 In what ways does the preamble reflect the ideals and aspirations of the Indian Constitution? To what extent have these aspirations been realised?","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) Strengthening the National Commission of Scheduled Tribes (NCST) through various complementary mechanisms can go a long way towards mainstreaming the welfare of the tribals. Explain.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) What is the process for amending the Constitution of India? Discuss the significance of the Kesavananda Bharati case in relation to the power of Parliament to amend the Constitution.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) Though President of India is the constitutional head of the state, he is only a nominal executive and not a real executive. Comment.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7 Analyze the process of delimiting constituencies, highlighting its significance as well as the challenges.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8 The ordinance-making power of the executive is antithetical to the principles of accountability and democratic consensus. Examine with suitable illustrations.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9) How will you explain that Indian federalism is a happy mix of Unitarianism and confederalism?","10","150"],[21,"Q.10 \"The Attorney General of India holds a pivotal position in the legal system and represents the interests of the government.\" Explain how this is reflected in the method and terms of appointment as well as the scope of her powers and responsibilities.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11 Evaluate the first-past-the-post (FPTP) system in ensuring a representative polity. Can a move towards a proportional electoral system address the limitations of the first-past-the-post system?","15","250"],[26,"Q.12) The Indian constitution is unique in the sense that it not only creates a limited government but also establishes a welfare state. Explain with suitable examples.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 Though importance of executive agencies in checking corruption and impropriety cannot be overstated, their misuse for political ends is anathema to the rule of law. Comment, with special reference to Enforcement Directorate (ED).","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 Throwing light on the constitutional provisions for safeguarding the autonomy of the Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG), recommend measures to enhance its role as the conscience keeper of the government.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 In a democratic society, individual rights and freedoms are always balanced against the larger interests of society and the state. To what extent do the constitutional restrictions on fundamental rights strike a balance between individual liberty and societal interests? What factors are considered in evaluating the reasonableness of such restrictions? Refer to the case laws.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16 The 69th constitutional amendment provides special provisions for the governance of the Union Territory of Delhi. Discuss and analyse the implications of divergences on various issues between the elected government and the Lieutenant Governor.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 Examine the role of the National Commission for Women (NCW) in protecting and promoting the rights of women in India.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 The tenets of independent judiciary, life-breath of constitutional democracy, stand perpetually undermined by the executive encroachment into the judicial domain. Discuss.","15","250"],[47,"19) Despite constitutional backing, urban planning and governance have given limited dividends on the ground. Enumerating the reasons for the same, suggest measures to ameliorate the situation.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 \"Amidst the clamor of competing interests, the government's wisdom lies in striking a fine balance, harnessing the energies of pressure groups while staying steadfast in its commitment to uphold the broader public interest.\" How do pressure groups influence public affairs? How can the government strike a balance between accommodating the demands of pressure groups while ensuring the overall public interest is upheld?","15","250"]]},{"i":242,"t":"Asad Aqeel","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":2025,"r":321,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/ASAD-AQEELUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-321-Sample-MGP-COPY-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) It is often said that politics and ethics belong to different worlds. What is your opinion in this regard? Justify your answer with illustration. Also, highlight the consequences of divergence between politics and ethics.","10","150"],[5,"b) \"Those who are ready to purchase a little temporary safety, deserve neither liberty nor safety.\" In the context of this statement, bring out the ethical issues involved with creating a surveillance state for the sake of national security.","10","150"],[7,"Q.2) a) Family plays a prominent role in the value development of an individual. Elucidate. Also, examine the impact of the changing nature of families on children's moral development.","10","150"],[9,"b) Different individuals have different conceptions of patriotism. What does patriotism mean to you? Narrate in brief any two real-life incidents when you displayed patriotism.","10","150"],[11,"Q.3) a) Moral behaviour is not only good for the community in which one is a part but also for the individuals who profess it. Comment.","10","150"],[13,"b) Discuss the important teachings of Swami Vivekananda. Bring out their relevance in the contemporary world.","10","150"],[15,"Q.4) a) \"Knowing yourself is the beginning of all wisdom.\" Discuss the importance of emotional intelligence in self-realisation. Do you think emotional intelligence can be learned?","10","150"],[17,"b) What do you understand by environmental ethics? Examine the ethical concerns in 'phase-down versus phase out debate' in the use of coal by developing countries.","10","150"],[19,"Q.5) a) \"Two things define you: Your patience when you have nothing and your attitude when you have everything.\" What roles do attitude and patience play in the personal and professional lives of civil servants?","10","150"],[21,"b) Gendered attitudes convert differences in sexes into discriminations. Examine the factors responsible for negative attitudes toward women in the Indian society. How can these attitudes be changed?","10","150"],[23,"Q.6 What does each of the following quotation mean to you?\na) \"Happiness is when what you think, what you say, and what you do are in harmony.\" - Mahatma Gandhi. (10 marks, 150 words)","10","150"],[25,"b) \"The price good men pay for indifference to public affairs is to be ruled by evil men.\" - Plato.","10","150"],[27,"c) \"Whatever is begun in anger, ends in shame\" - Benjamin Franklin.","10","150"],[29,"Q.7 Prahlad is a climate conscious and responsible citizen, who left his well-paying job as a senior manager in a multinational company to start a small firm that would manufacture eco-friendly products. The motto of his company is \"no waste, all green\". His firm makes bio-degradable polymer which can be used as an alternative to plastic bags, bottles, plates etc. Prahlad thinks that this will promote a healthier environment and will have a positive impact on people's health. It will also help address the problem of climate change by reducing one's carbon footprint. For this to be achieved, he believes that not just products, but the process too should be less polluting. This is why, he invested heavily in non-polluting machinery. These machines are certified as \"green machines\". In fact, some of them were even imported from other countries. All of this has gained him a good reputation in the eyes of critics and environmentalists. But as the technology used in manufacturing these products is new, imported and expensive, the products made by Prahlad's firm is costlier than conventional plastic products. Prahlad has proved that his product is environmentally benign, but he was unable to scale up production because of he ran out of funds. Prahlad knows that if he could start manufacturing the polymer at a large scale and leverage economies of scale his product would become more price competitive to conventional plastics. Prahlad used last of his funds to publicize his product. Prahlad thought that with this publicity, raising funds from the market would be easy. Prahlad reached out to many investors, and they showed great interest in Prahlad's product. But none of them were willing to invest money in this product. They feared that this new product, being much expensive, would not be able to compete with the conventional plastic products. Prahlad's firm is also losing his existing customer who complain about very high cost of his products. Both Prahlad's prospective investors and past customers know that this technology is less polluting and environmentally benign and has a positive attitude towards it. But consumer concern and attitude about the environment does not readily translate into the purchase of environmentally friendly products. Academic research has also identified this gap between purchase intentions and behaviors. Prahlad knows that if he changes the production procedure, things can look better for the company on the financial front, but that can take away his reputation and will also be against his own beliefs. The only possible hope is to expand his consumer base, sell his products at full capacity and convince investors to invest in his eco-friendly venture to keep his green industry running. Consider yourself in Prahlad's position and answer the following questions:\na) How will you induce behavioral change to nudge people to move towards eco-friendly products?\nb) What factors will you have to consider while inspiring such a change?","20","20"],[30,"खुद को प्रहलाद की स्थिति में रखें और निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर दें:\na) आप लोगों को पर्यावरण-अनुकूल उत्पादों की ओर बढ़ने के लिए प्रेरित करने के लिए व्यवहार में बदलाव कैसे लाएंगे?\nb) इस तरह के बदलाव को प्रेरित करते समय आपको किन कारकों पर विचार करना होगा?","","20 अंक"],[35,"Q.8) A gaming website dedicated to chess has gained popularity in recent times due to its online lessons and tips for improving skills in the game. You have recently started playing chess at the platform. The platform provides you analysis of your games and suggests areas of improvement. The online lessons have helped you improve your game a lot over a very short time. You are amazed at the ability of competing with players of all levels of skills from across the world. While testing and improving your chess skills on the platform, you have made friendship and acquaintances with many competitive chess players from different parts of the world. Recently, you have been encountering racial, religious and stereotypical remarks during the games from the other players. Initially you ignored such things as childish tactics by an opponent to distract you from your gameplay. Later you would try to engage with such people to dispel stereotypes. But increasingly such experiences are making you sad and bitter. Now you block such people as you encounter them.\n\nWhat started as a fun and stimulating experience for you has become a source of negativity in your life. In your discussions with other people, you come to realize that they have also experienced similar racial and religious slurs, and many people have left the platform to avoid the abusive experience. You also sense that this is not an issue specific to this gaming website but is part of the generally seen behaviour on social media. You used to consider online trolling as harmless puns that could not create actual harm, but after experiencing its dark side as a victim you are realizing its negative impact.\n\nGiven this information, what are your thoughts on the following :\na) How should one deal with the issues of on-line abuse such as in the case above? What options are available to you?\nb) What values should guide online behaviour? Do these values differ from values governing offline conduct?","20","250"],[36,"a) किसी को ऑनलाइन दुरव्यवहार के मुद्दों से कैसे निपटना चाहिए, जैसा कि ऊपर के केस अध्ययन में है? आपके पास कौन से विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\nb) ऑनलाइन व्यवहार को किन मूल्यों द्वारा निर्देशित किया जाना चाहिए? क्या ये मूल्य ऑफ़लाइन आचरण को नियंत्रित करने वाले मूल्यों से भिन्न हैं?\na) किसी को ऑनलाइन दुरव्यवहार के मुद्दों से कैसे निपटना चाहिए, जैसा कि ऊपर के केस अध्ययन में है? आपके पास कौन से विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\nb) ऑनलाइन व्यवहार को किन मूल्यों द्वारा निर्देशित किया जाना चाहिए? क्या ये मूल्य ऑफ़लाइन आचरण को नियंत्रित करने वाले मूल्यों से भिन्न हैं?","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[41,"Q.9) You are working as Director (Human Resource) in a software company. Various factors such as economic slowdown in some of the major trade partners of India and disruptive technological changes like generative Artificial Intelligence require rapid adaptive measures from businesses to survive. The marketing department has reported that there is lack of demand for the services provided by your company in the market and business-as-usual scenario could spell doom for the company. Your company has decided to take a slew of measures to tread through a tough phase of the business which include technological rejuvenation of the company and streamlining the workforce. A significant number of employees in your organization are above fifty years of age and are finding it difficult to adapt to the new working conditions and the rapid upskilling required by the company. After proper training, the employees were subjected to a test, and a list was prepared of those who are above fifty years of age and who did not do well in the test. You have been told by the board of directors that they have plans to lay off approximately 25% of the employees. This is essential for the efficiency and survival of the company. You have been given a list of employees who are to be laid off and you have been told to communicate to them the decision of the company to terminate them.\n\nIn the above list, there is an employee who has been working in the company for twenty years. He is known for his discipline, integrity, and loyalty to the company. His financial situation is not good at present as he applied for personal loan a few months ago in order to meet the expenses of his ailing father who was hospitalized. He is sole breadwinner of the family and has two dependent daughters. Marriage of one of the daughters is scheduled for next month.\na) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\nb) As the head of the HR department, what ethical dilemma do you face?\nc) Do you think that the company's decision is appropriate? According to you what should have been the ideal course of action in the given scenario?","20","250"],[42,"a) उपरोक्त केस अध्ययन में नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं?\nb) मानव संसाधन विभाग के प्रमुख के रूप में, आपको किस नैतिक दुश्वार का सामना करना पड़ता है?\nc) क्या आपको लगता है कि कंपनी का निर्णय उचित है? आपके अनुसार दिए गए परिदृश्य में कार्रवाई का आदर्श तरीका क्या होना चाहिए था?","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[47,"Q.10) Mr. A is travelling by road with his family to attend a marriage ceremony. His grandfather, who is the head of the family, is also travelling with him. On the way to their destination, all of them stop at a roadside restaurant for lunch. This is a well-known restaurant owned by one of the friends of Mr. A. The place is known for its tasty and hygienic food.\n\nHowever, the grandfather notices a picture on the wall of the restaurant and enquires about the religion of the restaurant owner. Mr. A's friend belongs to a religion different from his grandfather's religion. The grandfather has a negative attitude towards the religion of Mr. A's friend, and he insists that he will not eat in that restaurant. He demands that the entire family leave the restaurant immediately, as they are travelling for a happy occasion and eating at this particular restaurant will pollute them. Mr. A tries to calm down his grandfather and explain to him that religion has nothing to do with purity or pollution. He also reasons that several travel magazines have rated the restaurant highly, especially for its superior hygiene standards. Also, he points out that there is no restaurant in the way for the next 100 km, and it will be difficult for all to make do without food for that long. However, his arguments fall on deaf ears, and more specifically, his grandfather admonishes him for bringing the family to the restaurant despite being aware of the religion of the owner. Mr. A's friend feels insulted and discriminated against due to his religion. Mr. A's father is upset but refuses to say anything out of respect for the grandfather. The entire family is embarrassed by the attitude of the grandfather, and they are getting ready to leave the restaurant. Mr. A is confused regarding how he should act in this situation.\na) What are the various ethical issues in the above case study?\nb) Imagine yourself in the place of Mr. A. Evaluate the different courses of action available to you. What is the most suitable course of action?","20","250"],[48,"a) उपरोक्त केस अध्ययन में विभिन्न नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं?\nb) खुद को श्री A की जगह पर रखकर कल्पना कीजिए। दी गई विभिन्न कार्यवाही का मूल्यांकन कीजिए। सबसे उपयुक्त कार्यवाही क्या है?","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[52,"Q.11 On a cold and foggy night in December, Arun and Seema, both unknown to each other, boarded a train for Lucknow at the Delhi junction. Both were going to their home town on the weekend. It was supposed to be a routine train journey of 7-8 hours. Arun, a first-year graduate from a reputed institute in Delhi, aspires to join DRDO and make a career in the R&D field. Seema, a national-level volleyball player, had dreams of joining the paramilitary forces. Both checked their tickets and got comfortable in their respective seats in the coach S7.\nThe train gave the final horn and slowly started leaving the station. Amidst the chugging of the engine and the train wheels clacking on the tracks, both Arun and Seema fall asleep. But as fate would have it that night, a routine train journey turned out to be a nightmare for the passengers of coach S7, including Arun and Seema. The train was on its scheduled two-minute halt at an outskirt station when suddenly 4-5 robbers entered the coach S7. They asked all the passengers to hand over their valuables without any fuss. None of the passengers could gather the courage to confront them, as they had country-made pistols and sharp-edged weapons. But somehow, Arun and Seema mustered the courage and resisted the robbers. The robbers threatened them with dire consequences and asked them to comply with their command. But both remained adamant and even refused to hand over their valuables to the robbers. To teach them a lesson and set an example for the other passengers, both Arun and Seema were thrown out of the moving train. At that very moment, another train was approaching on the parallel track, and both were hit by it; Arun lost his right arm, Seema lost her left leg, and she had multiple fractures in the spinal cord.\nBoth met somewhat similar fates that night, but both faced the 'tragedy' that unfolded with them in a completely different manner. In spite of full support from his family, Arun lost all hope and got disenchanted with life. He couldn't accept the new reality and went into depression. Also, the thoughts of committing suicide would often come into his mind. Seema, on the other hand, after completing her treatment, decided to pursue her dreams. She was also encouraged by his family and friends to start a new life. She started training with a prosthetic leg and resumed playing volleyball. Not only this, she decided to push boundaries and chose mountaineering. And around two years later, she became the world's first female amputee to scale Mount Everest.\nThe stories of Arun and Seema highlight the importance of the adversity quotient. But it is also evident that different people possess different levels of adversity quotient. Based on your understanding of the above case study, answer the following:\na) Examine the importance of the adversity quotient in life, citing examples. How can the adversity quotient be developed?\nb) As a friend of Arun, what suggestions would you give to him to overcome the aftermath of the tragedy?","","20"],[53,"a) उदाहरण देते हुए जीवन में प्रतिकूलता के महत्व की परिक्षण कीजिए। एडवर्सिटी कोषंट (AQ) को कैसे विकसित किया जा सकता है?\nb) अरुण के मित्र के रूप में, आप उसे संकट के बाद के परिणामों से उबरने के लिए क्या सुझाव देंगे?\na) उदाहरण देते हुए जीवन में प्रतिकूलता के महत्व की परिक्षण कीजिए। एडवर्सिटी कोषंट (AQ) को कैसे विकसित किया जा सकता है?\nb) अरुण के मित्र के रूप में, आप उसे संकट के बाद के परिणामों से उबरने के लिए क्या सुझाव देंगे?","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[58,"Q.12 Nestled in the lap of the Himalayas, Purabkashi is a town located on the way to major pilgrimage destinations. The town is traversed by a section of the Panch-Dham Road Project, whose objective is to improve connectivity to the five major pilgrimage centers in the region. The project aims to develop and widen nearly 900 km of national highways in the Himalayas, making journeys to these centers safer, faster, and more convenient. The project is being constructed at a very high cost and is expected to boost tourism in the region and reduce road accidents occurring in the hilly region. The project is also important from a security point of view, as these roads can act as strategic feeder roads that connect the border with the Army camps in the nearby areas. The roads may facilitate quicker movement of troops and supplies and can serve as a strategic asset in connecting the border regions. However, from the conception stage of the project itself, various NGOs have raised several fault lines regarding its environmental sustainability. It has been noted that the project may destroy about 690 hectares of forests, and an estimated 20 million cubic meters of soil need to be removed. Experts raise concern that such a high-impact activity may aggravate erosion and destabilize the slopes. Large-scale uprooting of vegetation can prove to be perilous for biodiversity and regional ecology. Indiscriminate blasting during road construction creates cracks in soil and rocks that may enhance the possibility of landslides and associated disasters in the future. In 2018, the project was challenged in the Supreme Court by an NGO for its potential impact on the Himalayan ecology due to felling trees, cutting hills, and dumping excavated material. The Supreme Court then constituted a high-powered committee that warned against widening the road by 12 meters. It had suggested that the widening stay between 5.5 and 7 meters. However, this recommendation by independent experts was opposed by government officials and ultimately sidelined. The worst fears of the local and scientific communities came true when about 40 workers got trapped inside a tunnel after the under-construction tunnel structure collapsed in Purabkashi. Overnight, Purabkashi became the talk of the country. The project was awarded to the contractor, PQR Enterprises. Mr. Vinay Kumar, who has experience completing many such projects in the past, was appointed as Project Director, overseeing the smooth completion of the project and monitoring the contractor's work. Mr. Vinay is known for his honesty and dedication. Prior to the mishap, he had successfully overseen this project to meet its timeline. But after the mishap, the higher authorities are privately requesting the project director, Mr. Vinay, to take responsibility for the mishap. To manage the growing resentment in the locality and nationwide, he is being asked to step down as project director. But Mr. Vinay feels that he is being unfairly blamed. To alleviate the pressure from the public, he is being scapegoated. The project had issues right from the conception stage, given the ecological fragility of the region. Various ecological experts and geological scientists think that the incident has exposed not only the project's vulnerabilities but also the lapses in the safe tunnel construction mechanisms carried out, like the failure to construct an escape tunnel. Several experts have pointed out this incident as a warning for future disasters, as now questions have been raised about the fragility of the Himalayas in sustaining massive infrastructure projects like the Panch-Dham project. The government, despite many voices against the project, is treating the incident as an isolated incident and moving on with the further construction of the project. There is a protest happening in the state with a demand by the people to consider the project's environmental consequences and also the operations of the contractor, PQR Enterprises, in the particular project.\na) What are the various ethical issues involved in the above case study?\nb) As the head of the Panch-Dham Project, what are the options available to Mr. Vinay? Analyze the advantages and disadvantages of each.\nc) In your opinion, between the twin objectives of development and conservation, what should be given more priority and why?","20","20"]]},{"i":946,"t":"Asad Zuberi","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1doaLAYQZeJtfeOoaXG4v50XT3dwFghPT/view","q":[[3,"1. (a) Do laws need to be consistent with the prevalent moral norms? Discuss with examples.","10","150"],[5,"1. (b) \"People's indifference is the best breeding ground for corruption to grow\". Comment.","10","150"],[7,"2. (a) In the context of COVID-19 pandemic, discuss the importance of Emotional Intelligence among healthcare workers.","10","150"],[9,"2. (b) It is the 'spirit of service' that motivates a public servant to serve the country's interests and address people's issues. Discuss.","10","150"],[11,"3. (a) Ethics does its work in the world by granting and withdrawing legitimacy. Discuss in the context of role of ethics in international relations.","10","150"],[13,"3. (b) Sustainable growth of an organisation can result only by aligning its decisions to the interests of all stakeholders, not merely its shareholders. Do you agree? Justify with logical arguments.","10","150"],[15,"4. (a) Shri Lal Bahadur Shastri's life exemplifies value-driven public service of the highest order. What are the values one can learn from his life to be a good citizen and a good administrator?","10","150"],[17,"4. (b) There is a view that the institutional mechanisms to ensure accountability of civil servants have weakened over time. In this context, discuss the need of a social accountability law in India.","10","150"],[19,"5. (a) Why has anonymity of civil servants traditionally been seen as an important arrangement? In this context, discuss your opinion on the doctrine of facelessness in civil services.","10","150"],[21,"5. (b) In the age of social media, influencers have a huge following and have gained prominent marketing roles. In this context, discuss the ethical issues involved in influencer marketing.","10","150"],[23,"6. What do each of the following quotations mean to you?\n(a) Every man must decide whether he will walk in the light of creative altruism or the darkness of destructive selfishness. – Martin Luther King Jr.","10","150"],[25,"6. (b) Let us sacrifice our today so that our children can have a better tomorrow. - A.P.J. Abdul Kalam","10","150"],[27,"6. (c) I measure the progress of a community by the degree of progress which women have achieved. - B.R. Ambedkar","10","150"],[29,"7 You are a young officer posted as the Sub Divisional Magistrate in a district which houses factories for making match boxes and fire crackers. It is brought to your notice that a large number of children are working in these hazardous activities. The government had previously released a notification that owners of these manufacturing units need to report on the profiles of their employees annually to prevent child labour. These manufacturing units, abiding by the directives of the government, publish such reports annually and claim to have successfully put an end to employment of child labour. However, there are reports that these units are taking advantage of loopholes in the law. They are using contractors to continue to indirectly hire children without them officially being on the payroll of the units. Families of these child labourers are poor and see this as an essential source of income. An influential local politician also owns some of these manufacturing units and is known to put pressure on the officers involved for not taking any action against child labour.\n(a) Identify the stakeholders and ethical issues in this case.\n(b) How would you approach the problem and what would be the main elements of your action?\n(c) What medium to long-term measures will you propose to tackle the problem of child labour in the district?","20","around 250"],[34,"8. Many states in India have experimented with prohibition of liquor at various times. However, it is common knowledge that many such states have a thriving illegal liquor industry. Moreover, it is ironical that while many political parties have prohibition prominently mentioned in their manifestos, it is politicians who distribute alcohol among voters during their election campaigns. This also gives rise to illicit liquor trade and many people lose their lives to it.\n(a) What are the socio-economic problems that are widely attributed to alcoholism?\n(b) Do you think prohibiting liquor creates more problems than it proposes to solve?\n(c) Short of prohibition, what can be done to tackle the problem of rising alcoholism, particularly among the youth of the country?","20",""],[39,"9. You are posted as a District Magistrate (DM) of a district where residents are facing the menace of stray dogs. Instances of dogs chasing two-wheelers, cyclists and attacking pedestrians are on the rise. Elderly persons as well as children are the worst-hit and recently, an 8 year old girl was severely injured by a pack of dogs. The perceived magnanimity of the problem and inaction from government authorities have prompted vigilante groups to cull dogs in mass numbers. However, local NGOs have come out against such a practice of mass culling and are calling for stringent action against those killing stray dogs.\n(a) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\n(b) As the DM, suggest short-term and long-term measures to tackle the above issue.","20",""],[44,"10. You are a young officer posted as the Superintendent of Police (SP) in a district. You have received information that at a party some people were harassed by your subordinate police officer. On further inquiry, you came to know that two complaints have been filed - one by the police and the other by people who organised the party. According to the police, people had gathered without permission and were not following COVID-19 appropriate behaviour and social distancing norms. But on the other hand, the complaint filed by the party organisers says that police entered the private venue due to loud noise and harassed everyone at the party including women guests. According to them, your subordinate police officer even tore apart the document, which granted permission to organise the party. A video of this incident, showing your subordinate officer tearing off a document, is being widely circulated on social media platforms. Due to this, social activists want you to take strict action against your subordinate police officer.\n(a) Identify the ethical issues in the case.\n(b) What are the factors that can influence decision by competent authorities in such instances? Do you think mobilising public opinion through social media is a fair way to influence the decision in such cases?\n(c) As the SP, what will be your course of action in this situation?","20",""],[49,"11. As India's vaccination drive against the COVID-19 pandemic breaches the 100 crore inoculation mark, some of the most backward tribal districts of the country still remain unvaccinated. You are the new District Magistrate (DM) in one such tribal district. The vaccination drive has been unsuccessful in the district so far despite imminent threats of the virus. It is believed that the tribals of the district refuse to get vaccinated due to their personal beliefs regarding immunization. Further, the community doctor who works in geriatrics and has almost daily contact with members of the district, too has refused to be vaccinated based on his personal beliefs. This has made the people more adamant about their decision to remain unvaccinated. Additionally, rumours of a few deaths post-vaccination have spread in the district. There is also a high risk of rising cases in the nearby districts spilling over to your district. There is a dire need for assuaging the fear of people and extreme pressure on the administration to take action and conduct the vaccination drive smoothly.\n(a) What are the ethical issues in the given case?\n(b) As the DM in charge, what steps will you take to tackle the issues?\n(c) Discuss how persuasion can be used to convince people to voluntarily get vaccinated.","20",""],[54,"12. In India, there exists a huge gap between demand for organ transplants and available donors, both living and cadaver. Besides a lack of awareness on organ donation, the rise of non-communicable and lifestyle diseases, such as hypertension and diabetes have led to increased instances of organ failure, in turn putting even more pressure on the demand for vital organs. According to reports, an estimated four lakh people die in India every year waiting for an organ transplant. Other than the legal and administrative issues, there are various ethical issues related to organ donation and transplantation in India. Provide an account of these ethical issues in detail. Also, discuss how the gap between demand and supply of organs in India can be closed.","20",""]]},{"i":947,"t":"Asad Zuberi","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1QtAj4dJhAQhwvQH3dx7rRTm2vMGGXfcA/view","q":[[3,"1. (a) An ethical action is rooted in the temporal and spatial dimensions of societies. Discuss with adequate examples.","10","150"],[5,"1. (b) Unstable marriages and families can lead to failures of moral development in children and overall moral decline in the society. Discuss.","10","150"],[7,"2. (a) An ethical work culture is a prerequisite for sustainable growth of an organization. Discuss and suggest some measures to build an ethical work culture in an organization.","10","150"],[9,"2. (b) Crises, humanitarian or economic, often create the perfect storm for corruption to thrive. Discuss with examples. What measures can be taken to mitigate corruption during a crisis?","10","150"],[11,"3. (a) Discuss the various ethical concerns associated with vaccine passport for international travel. Also, suggest the measures that can be taken to deal with these concerns.","10","150"],[13,"3. (b) The edifice of good corporate governance is dependent on the efficacy and effectiveness of independent directors. Discuss.","10","150"],[15,"4. What do each of the following quotations mean to you?\n(a) \"Enlightenment is man's emergence from his self-incurred immaturity.\" - Immanuel Kant","10","150"],[17,"4. (b) 'Knowledge gives us power, love gives us fullness.' - Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan","10","150"],[19,"5. (a) The issue of marital rape is often ignored due to the belief that marriage is a sacred institution. In this context, discuss whether marital rape should be criminalised.","10","150"],[21,"5. (b) Students should be taught the importance of \"doing what's right\" at a young age. Discuss how the New Education Policy seeks to impart value based education to students of all age groups.","10","150"],[23,"6. (a) The role of emotional intelligence is crucial for public servants in overcoming adversity. Discuss.","10","150"],[25,"6. (b) What are the important learnings from the life and teachings of Sri Adi Shankaracharya that can help public servants in their personal and professional lives.","10","150"],[27,"6. (c) Citizen's Charters are tools that help conventional organizations develop socially sensitive and ethically oriented professional conduct. Elaborate.","10","150"],[29,"7. You are working as the Head of the Human Resources Department in a consultancy firm ABC Corp. A female employee of the firm comes to you complaining about sexual harassment in the company premise at the hands of the CEO of one of your clients, XYZ Corp., when the latter visited your firm for a client interaction. XYZ Corp. happens to be a major source of revenue for your company. Also, the CEO of XYZ Corp. is considered as a very reputed professional and is highly regarded by the senior management of your firm. In the past, you have witnessed members of your senior management praise the professional and no-nonsense attitude of the CEO of XYZ Corp. However, the female employee, who has approached you, is also sure that the CEO knowingly misbehaved with her. In light of the situation:\n(a) Discuss the issues involved in this case.\n(b) What are the options available to you and what course of action would you take? Give logical arguments to support your answer.","20","in around 250"],[34,"8 Records show that there have been numerous cases of custodial deaths in the last 20 years in India. Very few policeman have been convicted so far in such cases. Recently, you come across the case of custodial death of a youth in one of the backward districts of the country. It has been reported that the youth was detained on frivolous grounds of kidnapping a girl from another community. As a young graduate student, preparing for the civil services examination conducted by the UPSC, answer the following:\n(a) Why is there a frequent violation of the code of conduct and abuse of authority by law enforcement officers at various levels in India?\n(b) Is the use of violence and show of 'quick justice' by the policemen increasingly becoming acceptable by the society? Justify your stand with relevant arguments.\n(c) What can be done to comprehensively deal with the issue of torture and custodial deaths in India?","20",""],[35,"a) Reasons for frequent violations of COC\n1 concentration of authority in few hands and intense power at hands of police","",""],[39,"9. A prominent stand-up comedian from your country has recently delivered a performance at an event in another country. Owing to the fame and hype associated with this event, the performance has been broadcast across the globe to millions of viewers. In the performance, the comedian brings up the dichotomy and paradoxes associated with the society and culture of your country. He brings up issues like status of women, violence against women, caste, politics etc. in his monologue. The performance touches upon such sensitive issues that it has polarised the audience. A vast section of people are affected by this and have organized huge demonstrations and have appealed the government to direct the broadcasting platform to remove this content from their platform. They are also pushing the government to take action against the comedian. An FIR too has been filed against him. On the other hand, there is also a significant outpour of support for the comedian.\n(a) What are the core ethical issues arising from this case?\n(b) The recent spate of FIRs against show creators, artists etc. highlight the need of regulation of content that is circulated online. Should such a step be taken by the government? Substantiate with reasons.","20",""],[44,"10. You are a District Magistrate posted in a backward district of the country. You are responsible for getting an Atal Residential School built on the village land in your district. The contract for the construction of the school has been assigned to a popular local leader's son. This land is presently occupied by tribal communities but they cannot produce any ownership records. They claim that they have resided on the land for generations. They also allege that the administration is pressurising them to vacate their land to build the school and have assured that they will be relocated elsewhere. However, they are hesitant to do so as it will uproot them from their homes and will affect their livelihood. One of the prominent tribal leaders has highlighted this issue and it has caught the attention of the mainstream media. In the light of the situation, answer the following:\n(a) Identify the stakeholders involved in the case and their respective interests.\n(b) Discuss the various ethical concerns in the given case.\n(c) What are the options available to you and which of these options you will choose? Justify.","20",""],[49,"11. Across the world, there is often a taxing demand on correct manners, etiquettes and moral responsibility by celebrities and public figures and there is huge public outrage if they act carelessly. Even for small mistakes, public figures have to apologise, or take an early retirement out of shame. This is often aggravated by the media, which relentlessly reports on the issue and the public who enjoy the voyeurism offered by entertainment – footage of star cars being chased, leaked WhatsApp chats etc. Further, there is hardly any unbiased and civil debate when it comes to celebrities and their social responsibilities. In most cases, the argument does not even centre around the actual issue and gets subsumed by overarching subplots. Messy trolling, often misdirected, is a common feature in all. Even serious issues like suicide and drug use are reduced to parenting problems and witch-hunt is often seen. In this context:\n(a) Is there any difference between a public figure and private person when it comes to privacy? Should public figures also have some reasonable amount of privacy?\n(b) Do you think it is fair to expect role models, such as celebrities and public figures, to act more responsibly as compared to ordinary citizens?\n(c) Discuss the importance of responsible journalism in this context.","20",""],[50,"(a) Difference between Public-Private\n1) Actions of Public figures are widely seen by all.","",""],[53,"(c) Importance of Responsible Journalism","",""],[54,"12. You are the Municipal Commissioner of a large city, which has witnessed unprecedented increase in biomedical waste. Recently, 15 sanitation workers lost their lives and close to 100 have been seriously infected owing to this increase in waste. Apart from biomedical waste, the city is also facing a major problem in management of household waste. There is a view that the COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated the problems of the waste management sector. Despite the fact that the government has notified rules regarding disposal, collection and treatment of waste and has initiated numerous awareness campaigns in the past, still, the problem does not seem to be getting under control. In view of this, answer the following questions:\n(a) Identify the stakeholders and the significance of their involvement in addressing the issue.\n(b) In your opinion, what are the reasons behind apathy of people towards issues like waste disposal that affect the larger interests of the society?\n(c) As the Municipal Commissioner, suggest some practical techniques to bring about an attitudinal change among residents of the city towards this issue.","20",""]]},{"i":948,"t":"Asad Zuberi","c":"Nextias","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1DRveh0RRNbf6zb52YjZTekEKYi6ykeYR/view","q":[[5,"Q.1 (a) Identify five important sources of ethical guidance to a public servant. Substantiate how these sources can be helpful to a public servant in observing the basic principles of public life.","10","150"],[7,"2.1 (b) The civil servants of 21st century are responsible for creation of New India and thus needs to be administratively sound, ethically responsible and technologically savvy. Comment.","10","150"],[9,"(a) Discuss the importance of persuasive communication as a tool for social change and how it can be used in motivating people for public health initiatives.","10","150"],[11,"2.2 (b) What is the difference between attitude and aptitude? Which of the two according to you holds more importance in the life of a civil servant? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[13,"Q.3 (a) What does each of the following quotations mean to you? \"Look at a stone cutter hammering away at his rock, perhaps a hundred times without as much as a crack showing in it, Yet at the hundred-and-first blow it will split in two and I know it was not the last blow that did it, but all that had gone before.\" - Jacob A. Riis","10","150"],[15,"(b) \"Peace is a daily, a weekly, a monthly process, gradually changing opinions, slowly eroding old barriers, quietly building new structures.\" - John F. Kennedy. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[17,"(c) \"You don't teach morals and ethics and empathy and kindness in the schools. You teach that at home and children learn by example\". Judy Sheindlin.","10","Answer in 150"],[19,"(a) To become an asset to our country, its youth needs to be instilled with the right values and the right attitude. Discuss. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[21,"2.4 (b) Evaluate how the concept of emotional intelligence as ingrained in Indian philosophical traditions is relevant today for a public servant?","10","150"],[23,"Q.5 (a) Abandoning of Ethics in International Relations directly impinges on the Greatest Good of Greatest Number. Do you agree? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[25,"Q.5 (b) Differentiate between the terms impartiality and non-partisanship. Explain the significance of these values for the civil servant.","10","150"],[27,"Q.6 (a) Laws and rules are necessary but not sufficient directives for observation of Ethics in public life. Analyse with the help of examples.","10","150"],[29,"Q.6 (b) \"The most important persuasion tool you have in your entire arsenal is integrity.\" In the context of given statement, explain how integrity helps in public services?","10","150"],[31,"Q.7 A. Identify the ethical dilemmas involved in the case?\nB. What are the possible solutions available? What solution will you choose? (Answer in 250 words)\nA Identify the ethical dilemmas involved in the case?\nB What are the possible solutions available? What solution will you choose?","20","250"],[36,"Q.8 Suppose, you are appointed as the head of the committee formed by the government:\nA. What will be your immediate action plan to diffuse the tension? Explain.\nB. What long term measures would you recommend in your report to avoid any such tension in future? Give details.","20","Answer in 250"],[41,"Q.9 Discuss the following with reference to this case:\nA. Identify the civil service values that are crucial for working in such situations.\nB. Given the need for proper utilization of funds and functionaries for the welfare and development of the society, discuss the options available to you. Is resigning a worthy option?","20","Answer in 250"],[46,"Q.10 You are the same police officer, identify the various dimensions of the crisis. Based on your understanding suggest measures to deal with the crisis.","20","250"],[51,"Q.11 Based on the above case study, answer the following questions:\nA Identify the ethical dilemmas faced by you?\nB What values, in your opinion, organization's workforce contribute to the business and its success?\nC Discuss the course of action that you will adopt? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[56,"Q.12 Manual scavenging is the practice of removing human excreta by hand from sewers or septic tanks. India banned the practice under the Prohibition of Employment as Manual Scavengers and their Rehabilitation Act, 2013 (PEMSR). The Act bans the use of any individual for manually cleaning, carrying, disposing of or otherwise handling in any manner, human excreta till its disposal. In 2013, the definition of manual scavengers was also broadened to include people employed to clean septic tanks, ditches, or railway tracks. The Act recognizes manual scavenging as a \"dehumanizing practice,\" and cites a need to \"correct the historical injustice and indignity suffered by the manual scavengers. Yet, manual scavenging remains an embodiment of injustice and failure of India to follow Gandhian ideas and rethink the manual scavenger as a creative archetype for social change. The status of the scavenger shows the emptiness of current Gandhian thought and its alienation from justice. The tragedy of scavenging as a manual task begins in this failure of possibilities. Instead of being a life-giving hypothesis, it has become a necrophilic ritual and a great failure to Gandian principles. It is a reminder that democracy has a deodorised conscience. When it wears out, it stinks. You are DM of a very poor district in the hinterland of India. It has come to your notice that manual scavenging is widely prevalent in the district even though the new law prohibits manual scavenging in any form. Upon enquiry, you have found that the number of manual scavengers has been reported to be very low, however, hundreds of dry latrines in the district depict a different picture. You have also noticed two more important trends: first, most of the manual scavengers are Dalits, and second, in many of the cases they themselves go to the houses and request the owners to clean their toilets manually, as it would provide monetary benefits. The entire district administration has been criticized by the media and there is political pressure on you to manipulate the data in a way that it shows less number of manual scavengers in the district. Based on the given information answer the following:\nA. Analysing the reasons, why manual scavenging continues to be prevalent in India?\nB. List the options available to you in the given case. Evaluate the merits and demerits of each.\nC. Discuss some feasible steps that you can take to control this serious problem.","20","Answer in 250"]]},{"i":244,"t":"Ashi","c":"Unknown","p":"Essay","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/4/ashi-essay-test-2-1745478478186.pdf","q":[[13,"Q7 To be or not to be that is the question.","",""]]},{"i":245,"t":"Ashi","c":"Iasprepkit","p":"Essay","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/4/ashi-essay-test-3-1745478494924.pdf","q":[[5,"Case for a risk appetite\nThus there are serious concerns associated with not taking risks in life. This underscores the need to cultivate some courage and a risk appetite. But what good does this do for us?","",""],[12,"3 Why is it risky to play safe?\n (consequences)","",""],[13,"05 \"Geopolitics affects every country whether at war or peace\"","",""],[19,"Countries as change makers\n\nThus we have seen geopolitics is all pervasive. It is impartial in the sense that it affects everybody in myriad ways. But is the interaction always unidirectional?","",""]]},{"i":246,"t":"Ashi","c":"Nextias","p":"Essay","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/4/ashi-essay-test-4-1745478511649.pdf","q":[[1,"Q4 The profits accrue most who serves the best.","",""],[13,"1 Why serve?","",""]]},{"i":251,"t":"Ashi Sharma","c":"Nextias","p":"GS1","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/4/test-2-ashi-sharma-1745407636142.pdf","q":[[1,"Q1. Role of Numismatics in understanding Ancient India","",""],[3,"Q2 The socio-religious reforms of the 20th century gave an impetus for formation of women organisations to fight for gender equality.","",""],[7,"Q4 Recent volcanic eruptions in Italy and Hawaii have gained attention towards the phenomenon of volcanism","",""],[11,"Q6 Recently the year 2023 was celebrated as the International Year of Millets, highlighting the importance of the nutri cereals.","",""],[24,"Q12. Recently the PM Modi inaugurated the campus of Nalanda University highlighting the rich history of higher education in India.","",""],[30,"4. The recent glacial lake outburst in Uttarakhand has increased interest in glacial landforms in the Indian Himalayas","",""],[41,"Q18 Article 38 states the imperative to ensure justice (social, economical and political) which can be made possible by social mobility in our society.","",""]]},{"i":249,"t":"Ashi Sharma","c":"Nextias","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/4/gs-mac-test-6-ashi-sharma-1745408061832.pdf","q":[[4,"1. Federal governance is characterised by institutionalized arrangements for solving problems generated by pluralism based on consultation and mutual consent. How have Zonal Councils evolved from merely advisory bodies to proactive platforms for action?","10","150"],[6,"2. Secularism under the Indian constitution is encapsulated in the broader concept of constitutional commitment to equality. Discuss.","10","150"],[8,"3. 'There is a need to shift the focus of Section 8 of the Representation of People Act, 1951 from the duration of the sentence to the gravity of the offence. Comment on how the current classification under Section 8 leads to arbitrary categorisation of offences. Also, mention the remedies available to a person disqualified under this section.","10","150"],[10,"4. What is the significance of the Leader of Opposition in the Indian parliamentary system? How does the role of the opposition contribute to the checks and balances in a democracy?","10","150"],[12,"5. \"The core ideals of the Preamble – sovereignty, socialism, secularism, and democracy – form the bedrock of India's constitutional framework\" Elucidate.","10","150"],[14,"6. Assess the implications of the 103rd Constitutional Amendment, which introduced a ten per cent reservation for Economically Weaker Sections (EWS), on the principle of social justice in India.","10","150"],[16,"7. The focus of welfare schemes in India is shifting from \"well-being\" towards \"over-dependency\". In light of this, do you agree that welfare schemes have inculcated a \"freebies culture\" in India leading to a divergence of focus from poverty and hunger alleviation?","10","150"],[18,"8. E-governance is not just about efficiency; it's about making governance accessible and inclusive for every citizen. Explain.","10","150"],[20,"9. With the advent of new regional and multilateral agreements like QUAD, AUKUS, I2U2 etc the old world order represented by organizations like NAM, Davos, and G77 is losing its relevance. Discuss.","10","150"],[22,"10. The island states and territories from the South Pacific to the African coast have become new nodes in India's changing strategic geography. In this context, highlight the importance of these island states for India and also throw light upon the initiatives taken by India to strengthen ties with these states.","10","150"],[24,"11. Electoral funding in India is fraught with the double whammy of legal loopholes and political inefficiencies. In this context, discuss the challenges to electoral funding. What lessons can India draw from global best practices in this regard?","15","250"],[27,"12. Pressure groups form the social foundation of a democracy. In this context, discuss pressure groups' key contributions in promoting social security measures for workers in India and how they address the gaps in existing policies","15","250"],[30,"13. The Constitution envisages the principle of federal supremacy in the executive space of Indian federal polity. Discuss while referring to the relevant Constitutional provisions and case laws. How are contentious issues regarding the distribution of powers resolved?","15","250"],[33,"14. Delimitation of seats is essential to ensure fair representation and uphold the principles of one vote, one value. Highlighting the challenges posed by misrepresentation in constituencies analyse the ramifications of population-based delimitation in creating federal tension.","15","250"],[36,"15. To what extent can the PIL system be held responsible for shifting the focus of the higher Courts from \"constitutional matters\" to day-to-day matters? What role can the trial Courts play in reducing the overall burden on higher Courts?","15","250"],[39,"16. India's higher education system needs significant reforms to align with global standards. How does the New Education Policy (NEP) 2020 aim to address these challenges, and what lessons can India learn from international practices to enhance its higher education system? Discuss.","15","250"],[42,"17. The Right to Information (RTI) Act is hailed for its transformative impact on the quest for transparency and accountability in Indian governance. However, multifaceted challenges and systemic limitations impede its effective implementation. Discuss. Also, suggest measures for its effective implementation.","15","250"],[45,"18. Discuss the unique challenges and opportunities Self Help Groups (SHGs) encounter in urban areas compared to rural ones and how can microfinance be adapted to tackle urban poverty.","15","250"],[48,"19. Highlight the significance of the recently envisaged India-Middle East-Europe corridor for India's connectivity with the world, especially the West. Do you think, in recent times, transport and energy initiatives have taken precedence in India's foreign policy?","15","250"],[51,"20. Despite the recent rise in politically contentious issues, the India-Canada bilateral relationship has remained committed to shared values of democracy, pluralism, expanding economic engagement and long-standing people-to-people ties. Highlighting the significant pillars of the India-Canada relationship, discuss the potential areas of cooperation and collaboration between India and Canada.","15","250"]]},{"i":248,"t":"Ashi Sharma","c":"Nextias","p":"GS3","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/4/gs-mac-test-5-ashi-sharma-1745407968767.pdf","q":[[4,"Q.1 Highlighting the elements of urbanization discuss how agriculture played a pivotal role in the enduring success and longevity of the Harrapan Civilization.","10","150"],[6,"Q.2 The Quit India Movement marked the awakening of the nation's soul and brought diverse sections together in a unified vision of Independence. Discuss","10","150"],[8,"Q.3 Analyze the impact of World War II in accelerating the process of decolonization in Asia and Africa.","10","150"],[10,"Q.4 Discuss the various types of sedimentary rocks and their formation processes. What is the economic significance of sedimentary rocks?","10","150"],[12,"Q.5 What are the characteristics of anticyclonic circulations, and how do they influence weather patterns over the Indian subcontinent?","10","150"],[14,"Q.6 What is coral bleaching, and what are its main causes? Also, evaluate the role of marine protected areas (MPAs) in the conservation of coral reefs.","10","150"],[16,"Q.7 Discuss the role of economic corridors in fostering regional economic integration and development. How do projects like the Chennai-Bengaluru Industrial Corridor (CBIC) align with India's broader economic growth strategies?","10","150"],[18,"Q.8 What is gender fluid identity, and what are the LGBTQ community's ongoing challenges to full societal inclusion and equal treatment?","10","150"],[20,"Q.9 How does the interplay between regional and national identities fuel the emergence of regionalistic sentiments? How can we balance regional identities with broader national identity?","10","150"],[22,"Q.10 How do various cultural practices and traditions contribute to the idea of Unity in Diversity? Provide examples to support your argument.","10","150"],[24,"Q.11 What is the significance of Stupa art in the context of Buddhist architecture and culture? Discuss its various elements and symbolism and their role in conveying Buddhist beliefs.","15 marks, 250","15"],[27,"Q.12 \"The dual struggle against entrenched social customs and colonial dominance was a prominent feature of socio-religious reform movements in 19th century India.\" How did the socio-religious reform movements of 19th century India respond to colonial cultural and ideological hegemony?","15","250"],[30,"Q.13 How did the British policies contribute to the de-industrialization of India and how did this process affect the lives of Indian artisans and the broader economy?","15","250"],[33,"Q.14 What are the factors that lead to the formation of local winds? Discuss their impact on the weather and climate in various regions, providing relevant examples.","15","250"],[36,"Q.15 What are the primary drivers of freshwater scarcity in megacities like Bangalore and Hyderabad? Suggest comprehensive solutions that address both supply and demand aspects of urban water management.","15","250"],[39,"Q.16 What is the Blue Revolution? What are the significant hurdles in aquaculture development, and what comprehensive strategies can be implemented to address them?","15","250"],[42,"Q.17 What are the key factors influencing the establishment of large-scale solar farms in India, and what are their environmental and social impacts? How can India balance the expansion of solar energy with the need to protect biodiversity and local ecosystems?","15","250"],[45,"Q.18 In what ways do social media platforms perpetuate and challenge social inequalities and power structures? Provide a critical analysis.","15","250"],[48,"Q.19 Give a comparative analysis of the tribal and mainstream societies. Is tribal society more progressive than mainstream society? Argue with examples.","15","250"],[51,"Q.20 In what ways does poverty intersect with other social problems like caste, social stratification, and gender inequality? What comprehensive strategies do you suggest to address these interrelated issues?","15","250"]]},{"i":250,"t":"Ashi Sharma","c":"Nextias","p":"GS3","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/4/gs-test-3-ashi-sharma-1745407770302.pdf","q":[[24,"Q13 The Govt announces MSP upon the recommendations of the CCAP as a price stabilisation measure, but during the recent farmer protests there have been demands to provide MSP as a legal entitlement.","",""]]},{"i":247,"t":"Ashi Sharma","c":"Nextias","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/4/ethics-enhancer-test-1-ashi-sharma-1745407520398.pdf","q":[[4,"1. (a) Explain the relationship between Public Service Values and Public Administration Ethics. Do you think public service values are only eloquent statements for glorifying the Department's mission, or do they have any utility for public servants? Discuss.","10","150"],[6,"1. (b) How does the conscientious public servant sort through competing considerations and determine \"the right thing to do\"? When it comes to serving the public, how does one put one's values into practice? Illustrate with examples.","10","150"],[8,"2. (a) What do you understand by good governance in public administration and corporations? How do they differ? Identify and explain three principles that can act as a foundation for good governance in a corporate setting.","10","150"],[10,"2 (b) One hallmark of good governance is government departments' adherence to strict ethical standards when procuring goods and services for public programmes. Identify and explain the ethical principles that must be respected to maintain the integrity of the procurement process.","10","150"],[12,"3. (a) How should public servants ethically balance stakeholder interests, official obligations and regime values when making administrative decisions, and which of these should be given the most moral weight?","10","150"],[14,"3. (b) Recent researchers have argued that the government's health and social-based interventions are significantly less effective without the emotional skills of self-awareness and empathy. Do you agree? Justify your answer with relevant examples.","10","150"],[16,"4 (a) Discuss with relevant examples how civil servants' political and moral attitudes impact their work ethics and daily administrative decision-making.","10","150"],[18,"4. (b) \"The motive has nothing to do with the morality of the action.\" In light of the above statement, do you think motive is irrelevant in determining the morality of an action? Explain your position with relevant examples.","10","Answer in 150"],[20,"5. (a) Explain the contemporary relevance of Jain Tirthankaras' vow-based moral philosophy.","10","150"],[22,"5. (b) What ethical dilemmas arise from the use of economic sanctions in international relations, and how can policymakers balance these concerns with the need to punish illegal behaviours and compel political change?","10","Answer in 150"],[24,"6. Discuss the relevance of the following quotes to the present times.\n(a) \"Wars begin in the minds of men, and in those minds, love and compassion would have built the defences of peace\"","10","150"],[26,"6. (b) \"May you live your life as if the maxim of your actions were to become universal law.\"","10","150"],[28,"6. (c) आचरण का सुनहरा नियम (the golden rule of conduct) पारस्परिक सहिष्णुता (mutual toleration) है, यह देखते हुए कि हम सभी कभी एक जैसा नहीं सोचेंगे और हम हमेशा सत्य को टुकड़ों में देखेंगे और दृष्टि के विभिन्न दृष्टिकोण बनाएंगे।\n(150 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए) 10 अंक\n\nThe golden rule of conduct is mutual toleration seeing that we will never all think alike and we shall always see Truth in fragment and form different angles of vision.","10","150"],[30,"7 As a new CEO:\n(a) What decision options are available to you?\n(b) What are the issues involved in the above case?\n(c) What will be your chosen course of action and Why?","20","250"],[35,"8 (a) उपरोक्त मामले में नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं? (b) एक डी डी ओ के रूप में, आपके पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं? (c) अपनी चुनी हुए कार्य-विधि के साथ-साथ अपने कारणों की व्याख्या कीजिए। (d) उपरोक्त मामले को देखते हुए, मानवीय संकट की स्थितियों से निपटने के लिए सबसे अच्छा नैतिक सिद्धांत क्या होगा? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए) 20 अंक\na) उपरोक्त मामले में नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं?\nb) एक डी डी ओ के रूप में, आपके पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\nc) अपनी चुनी हुए कार्य-विधि के साथ-साथ अपने कारणों की व्याख्या कीजिए।\nd) उपरोक्त मामले को देखते हुए, मानवीय संकट की स्थितियों से निपटने के लिए सबसे अच्छा नैतिक सिद्धांत क्या होगा?","20 अंक","250 शब्दों में"],[36,"(a) What are the ethical issues in the above case?\n(b) As a DDO, what are the options available to you?\n(c) Explain your chosen course of action, along with your reasons.\n(d) Given the above case, what would be the best ethical theory for handling human distress situations?\na) What are the ethical issues in the above case?\nb) As a DDO, what are the options available to you?\nc) Explain your chosen course of action, along with your reasons.\nd) Given the above case, what would be the best ethical theory for handling human distress situations?","20","Answer in 250"],[40,"9 (a) उपरोक्त मामले में नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं?\n(b) एक एसपी के रूप में आपके पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\n(c) अपनी चुनी हुई कार्रवाई के तरीके की व्याख्या कीजिए।\n(d) यदि आपको बीमा योजना को बढ़ावा देने का कोई बेहतर तरीका सुझाना हो, तो वह क्या होगा?\na) उपरोक्त मामले में नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं?\nb) एक एसपी के रूप में आपके पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\nc) अपनी चुनी हुई कार्रवाई के तरीके की व्याख्या कीजिए।\nd) यदि आपको बीमा योजना को बढ़ावा देने का कोई बेहतर तरीका सुझाना हो, तो वह क्या होगा?","20 अंक","250 शब्दों में"],[41,"You were wondering about the course of action, as the deductions were legal, and the agents were technically following instructions. But, in the process, they were exploiting the poor villagers.\n(a) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\n(b) What are the options available to you as an SP?\n(c) Explain your chosen course of an action.\n(d) If you have to recommend a better way of promoting the bima yojna, what would that be?","20","Answer in 250"],[45,"10. (a) उपरोक्त स्थिति में आपके पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\n(b) आप किस तरह की कार्रवाई चुनेंगे?\n(c) मामले में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों की पहचान कीजिए।\n(d) लोगों की जरूरतों का फायदा उठाने वाले कार्टेल से निपटने के लिए कुछ उपाय सुझाएं।\na) उपरोक्त स्थिति में आपके पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\nb) आप किस तरह की कार्रवाई चुनेंगे?\nc) मामले में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों की पहचान कीजिए।\nd) लोगों की जरूरतों का फायदा उठाने वाले कार्टेल से निपटने के लिए कुछ उपाय सुझाएं।","20 अंक","250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए"],[46,"(a) What are the options available to you in the above situation?\n(b) What will be your chosen course of action?\n(c) Identify the ethical issues involved in the case\n(d) Suggest some measures for handling cartels who prey on people's needs.\na) What are the options available to you in the above situation?\nb) What will be your chosen course of action?\nc) Identify the ethical issues involved in the case\nd) Suggest some measures for handling cartels who prey on people's needs.","20","Answer in 250"],[50,"11 (a) If you are the ethics officer of AquaTech enquiring, who will you hold responsible for the fatality? Why?\n(b) Discuss some common ethical issues that arise while using artificial intelligence.\na) If you are the ethics officer of AquaTech enquiring, who will you hold responsible for the fatality? Why?\nb) Discuss some common ethical issues that arise while using artificial intelligence.","20","Answer in 250"],[54,"12 (a) उपरोक्त मामले में क्या मुद्दे शामिल हैं?\n(b) आपके पास सीमित बजट होने के बावजूद, आपने जादू-टोना से संबंधित अंधविश्वासों से निपटने के लिए धन आवंटित करने का फैसला किया। आप समुदाय और हितधारकों के समक्ष अपने निर्णय को कैसे उचित ठहराएंगे?\n(c) यह देखते हुए कि जादू-टोना से संबंधित अपराधों की शुरुआत में बीडीओ द्वारा रिपोर्ट नहीं की गई थी, आप इस संचार की कमी को कैसे दूर करेंगे और कैसे आगे चलकर बेहतर रिपोर्टिंग और पारदर्शिता सुनिश्चित करेंगे?\na) उपरोक्त मामले में क्या मुद्दे शामिल हैं?\nb) आपके पास सीमित बजट होने के बावजूद, आपने जादू-टोना से संबंधित अंधविश्वासों से निपटने के लिए धन आवंटित करने का फैसला किया। आप समुदाय और हितधारकों के समक्ष अपने निर्णय को कैसे उचित ठहराएंगे?\nc) यह देखते हुए कि जादू-टोना से संबंधित अपराधों की शुरुआत में बीडीओ द्वारा रिपोर्ट नहीं की गई थी, आप इस संचार की कमी को कैसे दूर करेंगे और कैसे आगे चलकर बेहतर रिपोर्टिंग और पारदर्शिता सुनिश्चित करेंगे?","20 अंक","250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए"],[55,"(a) What are the issues involved in the above case?\n(b) With a limited budget at your disposal, you decide to allocate funds to tackle witchcraft-related superstitions. How would you justify your decision to the community and stakeholders?\n(c) Given that witchcraft-related crimes were not initially reported by the BDOs, how would you address this lack of communication and ensure better reporting and transparency moving forward? (Answer in 250 words) 20 marks","20","250"]]},{"i":949,"t":"Ashish Kumar","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1D6Gm6CxQcEkoQq20sZ49GR1f9v3XBOv0/view","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) It is often said that politics and ethics belong to different worlds. What is your opinion in this regard? Justify your answer with illustration. Also, highlight the consequences of divergence between politics and ethics.","10","150"],[5,"2) \"Integrity is telling the truth to other people.\" Examine the importance of integrity and honesty for a public servant. Also, suggest measures to cultivate these attributes.","10","150"],[7,"2 (2) a) Discuss the importance of emotional intelligence in self-realisation. Do you think emotional intelligence can be learned?","10","150"],[9,"b) Differentiate between:\n(i) Rules and Laws\n(ii) Attitude and Belief","10","150"],[11,"a) \"Human behaviour flows from three main sources: desire, emotions, and knowledge\" - Plato","10","150"],[13,"a) \"There is a higher court than courts of justice and that is the court of conscience. It supersedes all other courts.\" - Mahatma Gandhi","10","150"],[17,"2. 4) a) Write short notes on the following in about 150 words each: (10 marks, 150 words)\n(i) Ethical governance\n(ii) compassion in public life\n(iii) Selflessness\n(iv) Crisis of conscience\n(v) Non-partisanship","10","150"],[19,"b) Work culture of an organization also plays an important role in harnessing positive outcomes. Discuss the statement in light of the work culture in government organizations.","10","150"],[21,"With the help of suitable examples, illustrate how it affects the working of public servants. In what ways can conflict of interest be minimised?","10","150"],[23,"\"Those who would give up essential liberty to purchase a little temporary safety, deserve neither liberty nor safety.\" In the context of this statement, bring out the ethical issues involved with creating a surveillance state for the sake of national security.","10","150"],[25,"Explaining the statement, evaluate various measures available to ensure transparency and accountability in the governance process.","10","150"],[27,"b) In your opinion, what qualities make a person a 'good person'? Do you think all good persons share similar traits or do their qualities change with 'stan, kal, patra' (place, time and role)?","10","150"],[29,"Q.7 a) Why are the incidents of petty corruption trivialized? According to you, is it justifiable to ignore small incidents of corruption?\nb) What are various ethical dilemmas in the above case study?\na) Why are the incidents of petty corruption trivialized? According to you, is it justifiable to ignore small incidents of corruption?\nb) What are various ethical dilemmas in the above case study?","",""],[30,"c) Discuss the merits and demerits of various options available to Suresh. Also, what, according to you, will be the ideal course of action and why?\na) छोटे-छोटे भ्रष्टाचार की घटनाओं को तुच्छ क्यों समझा जाता है? आपके हिसाब से क्या भ्रष्टाचार की छोटी-छोटी घटनाओं को नजरअंदाज करना जायज है?\nb) उपरोक्त केस स्टडी में विभिन्न नैतिक दुविधाएं क्या हैं?\nc) सुरेश के लिए उपलब्ध विभिन्न विकल्पों के गुण-दोषों की चर्चा कीजिए। साथ ही, आपके अनुसार आदर्श कार्यवाही क्या होगी और क्यों?","20","250"],[35,"a) What are various ethical issues in the above case study?\nb) What explains the bureaucratic apathy as highlighted in the above instances? How can the same be corrected?\nc) What virtues in a civil servant/public official could have prevented the above incidents?\na) What are various ethical issues in the above case study?\nb) What explains the bureaucratic apathy as highlighted in the above instances? How can the same be corrected?\nc) What virtues in a civil servant/public official could have prevented the above incidents?","20","250"],[36,"a) उपर्युक्त केस स्टडी में विभिन्न नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं?\nb) उपयुक्त उदाहरणों में उजागर की गई नौकरशाही की उदासीनता या निष्क्रियता की क्या व्याख्या है? इसे कैसे ठीक किया जा सकता है?\nc) एक सिविल सेवक / लोक अधिकारी में कौन से गुण उपर्युक्त घटनाओं को रोक सकते थे?\na) उपर्युक्त केस स्टडी में विभिन्न नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं?\nb) उपयुक्त उदाहरणों में उजागर की गई नौकरशाही की उदासीनता या निष्क्रियता की क्या व्याख्या है? इसे कैसे ठीक किया जा सकता है?\nc) एक सिविल सेवक / लोक अधिकारी में कौन से गुण उपर्युक्त घटनाओं को रोक सकते थे?","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[41,"On the basis of the above case, answer the following questions:\na) Who are the different stakeholders involved in this case? Also, identify their interests/concerns.\nb) What should be the course of action of the new CEO to handle the situation at hand? Which ethical principles should guide his actions? Explain.","20","250"],[47,"Q.10 The national capital has been under the grip of an outbreak of dengue fever which has affected many areas in the city. Negligent administration and ignorance of the general public have led to water logging in various places in the capital, which has become the breeding grounds for mosquitos. Comprehensive coverage of the issue in national and international media has become an embarrassment for the ruling dispensation in the capital.\n\nTo control the outbreak, the administration swung into action and a taskforce was created to control the situation in the city. The Chief Minister visited many areas which were hot spots of the dengue outbreak and announced that all the victims of dengue would be provided free treatment and be paid a government allowance to make up for the wage loss due to dengue. To identify the beneficiaries of the government's plan, Rajesh, a member of the taskforce, was given the responsibility of conducting a survey and recording the names of the victims.\na) Based on this case study, identify the various ethical dilemmas faced by Rajesh.\nb) If you were in Rajesh's shoes, what would you have done? Present an assessment and justification of your suggested course of action.","20","250"],[48,"a) इस केस स्टडी के आधार पर, राकेश के सामने आने वाली विभिन्न नैतिक दुविधाओं की पहचान करें।\nb) यदि आप राकेश के स्थान पर होते, तो क्या करते? अपनी सुझाई गई कार्रवाई का मूल्यांकन और औचित्य प्रस्तुत करें।\na) इस केस स्टडी के आधार पर, राकेश के सामने आने वाली विभिन्न नैतिक दुविधाओं की पहचान करें।\nb) यदि आप राकेश के स्थान पर होते, तो क्या करते? अपनी सुझाई गई कार्रवाई का मूल्यांकन और औचित्य प्रस्तुत करें।","20 अंक","250 शब्द"],[53,"a) Examine various ethical issues involved in the case presented above.\nb) Do you think the actions of Satish were ethically justified? Justify your opinion.\nc) What should Satish do in this situation for handling the allegations of corruption levelled against him?\na) Examine various ethical issues involved in the case presented above.\nb) Do you think the actions of Satish were ethically justified? Justify your opinion.\nc) What should Satish do in this situation for handling the allegations of corruption levelled against him?","20","250"],[54,"a) ऊपर प्रस्तुत मामले में शामिल विभिन्न नैतिक मुद्दों की जांच करें।\nb) क्या आपको लगता है कि सतीश के कार्य को नैतिक रूप से औचित्यपूर्ण ठहराया जा सकता है? अपने मत का औचित्य सिद्ध कीजिए।\nc) सतीश को इस स्थिति में अपने ऊपर लगे भ्रष्टाचार के आरोपों से निपटने के लिए क्या करना चाहिए?","","20 अंक"],[59,"Analyze the various ethical issues involved in the case of moonlighting.\n Do you think Comsoft's decision to terminate the employment of Arvind is justified? Why or why not?\n Identify various qualities which could help Arvind handle this situation.","20","250"]]},{"i":252,"t":"Ashmil","c":"Forumias","p":"Essay","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/MOHAMMED-ASHMIL-SHAHUPSC_IAS_2025_Toppers_AIR_382_Sample_ESSAY_2.pdf","q":[[3,"1. We cannot solve our problems with the same thinking we used when we created them.","",""],[16,"1. The empires of the future will be the empires of the mind.","",""]]},{"i":253,"t":"Ashmil","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/MOHAMMED-ASHMIL-SHAHUPSC_IAS_2025_Toppers_AIR_382_Sample_MGP_2.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1 To what extent in your opinion, have the ideals of the Preamble been realised in the country's 75-year constitutional journey?","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) The evolution of property rights in India reflects an intricate relationship that exists between individual rights and public welfare. Discuss this statement with the help of relevant constitutional provisions and case laws.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3 Under what conditions can the 'National' Emergency be proclaimed by the President of India? What are the consequences when such a proclamation remains in force? When was it last imposed in the country?","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) 'Lack of a binding framework for pre-legislative consultations in India limits citizen engagement in the lawmaking.' Propose measures to strengthen the role of public consultation in the legislative process.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5 'The recommendations of the 15th Finance Commission have enabled the States to improve their fiscal conditions.' Comment.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) In what ways do industry and business associations contribute to socio-economic development in the country? Explain with suitable examples.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) \"India's poverty lies in the eyes of the beholder\" In light of this statement, examine the need for a credible and periodically updated poverty estimation framework in the country.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) The Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act, 2012 falls short of achieving its intended objectives. Comment.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9) 'Starved of funds, shackled by geopolitics WHO is facing a crisis of capacity and credibility'. Discuss the statement in the light of USA's withdrawal and its accusation of the health body of being 'biased towards China and mishandling the COVID-19 pandemic'.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10 The world continues to operate in a 'my terrorist' versus 'your terrorist' paradigm. Explain. What strategies would you suggest to develop a unified, comprehensive, and rules-based global approach to tackle the menace of terrorism?","10","150"],[23,"Q.11 Briefly explain the procedure laid down in the Representation of the People Act (RPA) 1951 for the registration of political parties with the Election Commission of India (ECI). What are Registered Unrecognised Political Parties (RUPPs)? What concerns are associated with them? Does the ECI have powers to de-register a political party?","","15"],[26,"Q.12 Assess the role of NITI Aayog over the past decade in promoting cooperative and competitive federalism.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13) 'The post of Deputy Speaker goes beyond ceremonial significance and is indispensable to Indian parliamentary democracy.' Discuss with relevant constitutional provisions and conventions. Also, examine the implications of the prolonged vacancy of the Deputy Speaker's post.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 Is the growing demand for stricter regulation of online content justified, or does it pose a threat to the right to freedom of speech and expression? Examine in light of recent judicial pronouncements.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15) Critically examine the 'in-house procedure' adopted by the Apex Court to inquire into allegations of misconduct against judges of constitutional courts in India.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16) Recent controversies over alleged malpractices in the electoral rolls have renewed demands for the mandatory linkage of Aadhaar with Voter ID. What is your opinion? Give reasons in support of your answer.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17) Lateral entry into civil services is seen as a reformative step, yet it continues to attract criticism and controversy. Discuss.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18) While rankings aim to benchmark the performance of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs), concerns remain about whether current ranking frameworks reflect the broader goals of education. Suggest measures to make the ranking system more objective, inclusive and aligned with educational and societal outcomes.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 Examine the actors behind the growing salience of the Arctic region in international politics. Discuss, in this context, strategies for India to recalibrate its Arctic engagement","15","250"],[50,"Q.20) Bangladesh is a key pillar of India's Neighborhood First policy, but recent developments on both sides threaten to disrupt the Sonali Adhyay in bilateral relations. Analyze.","15","250"]]},{"i":254,"t":"Ashmil Shah","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/MOHAMMED-ASHMIL-SHAHUPSC_IAS_2025_Toppers_AIR_382_Sample_MGP_3.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) Rising influence of money power in Indian elections poses a serious challenge to transparency, fairness, and democratic accountability. How can ethical electoral funding be ensured to maintain the integrity of democracy?","10","150"],[5,"b) Explain the key dimensions of ethics that influence human behaviour. How do these dimensions shape ethical decision-making in private life?","10","150"],[7,"Q.2) a) \"Academic freedom is the bedrock of scholarly inquiry and intellectual progress.\" Examine the ethical issues that arise when educational institutions yield to political, social, or economic pressures and compromises academic freedom.","10","150"],[9,"b) Fortitude enables a civil servant to make difficult yet morally right decisions. Explain with reference to real-life examples","10","150"],[11,"Q.3 Given below are the three quotations of great thinkers. What do each of these quotations convey to you in the present context?\na) \"When learning is purposeful, creativity blossoms. When creativity blossoms, thinking emanates. When thinking emanates, knowledge is fully lit. When knowledge is lit, the economy flourishes.\" - Abdul Kalam (10 marks, 150 words)","10","150"],[13,"b) \"The difference between what we do and what we are capable of doing would suffice to solve most of the world's problems.\" - Mahatma Gandhi","10","150"],[15,"Q1 Love and compassion are necessities, not luxuries. Without them, humanity cannot survive. Discuss.","10","150"],[17,"Q.4) a) What do you understand by the term 'probity in governance'? Explain how probity acts as the foundation of ethical public administration.","10","150"],[19,"b) \"Observation must not be used as a weapon of war\" Yet, parties involved in conflicts often resort to the blockade of food and medical aid to civilians in conflict zones, deepening the humanitarian crisis. Powerful nations, despite their capacity to intervene, tend to prioritize strategic interests over humanitarian concerns. What ethical considerations should guide powerful nations in preventing such actions and ensuring unimpeded humanitarian access?","10","150"],[21,"Q.5) a) What teachings of Mahavira are most relevant today and why? Discuss.","10","150"],[23,"b) \"In contemporary times, social media platforms have emerged as powerful agents in shaping individual and societal attitudes.\" Do you agree with this view? Justify your answer.","10","150"],[25,"Q.6) a) What do you understand by the 'voice of conscience'? In what ways can you prepare yourself to listen to the voice of conscience?","10","150"],[27,"b) Effective utilisation of public funds is not merely an administrative requirement but a moral responsibility of those entrusted with public office. However, instances of funds allocated to government schemes lying idle or being diverted towards extraneous purposes continue to be reported across the country. Examine the reasons for under-utilization and mis utilization of public funds and their implications","10","150"],[29,"Q.7 A rail overbridge (ROB) is being planned in the capital city of a central Indian state. The project aims to reduce traffic congestion and ease delays at railway crossings, which affect thousands of daily commuters. It had been a long-standing demand of local residents, and the government approved it to address persistent traffic bottlenecks in the area. The project is to be executed by the State Public Works Department (PWD), with a strict completion deadline of one year i.e. 31st July 2026. The PWD Minister, who is also the local MLA, is scheduled to inaugurate the project in the third week of August 2026. This is planned to take place shortly before the expected announcement of state elections. Ramesh has been selected as the project manager of this prestigious assignment on the basis of his professional competence and experience.\nWhile reviewing the approved design plans in preparation for execution, Ramesh identifies a serious flaw. The proposed alignment includes a sharp 90-degree turn, incorporated due to spatial constraints between an electrified railway line on one side and ongoing metro construction on the other. From a technical standpoint, Ramesh believes the design is unsafe. It increases the risk of vehicular accidents, especially for heavy vehicles, and may lead to long-term inconvenience for road users.\nRamesh promptly raises the issue with the Chief Engineer. However, the Chief Engineer overrules the concern. He states that the General Arrangement Drawing (GAD) has already been approved by the Bridge Engineering Department, in coordination with Indian Railways. He points out that revisiting the design at this stage shall result in project delays, increased expenditure, and unwanted political attention.\nSubsequently, Ramesh comes to know that the contractor awarded the tender to execute the project is a close relative of the PWD Minister. He also receives unofficial communication suggesting that his promotion to Additional Chief Engineer is under active consideration, but could be jeopardised if he creates \"unnecessary hurdles\" in the project’s timely completion.\nThe incumbent state government is eager to complete the overbridge before the elections and present it as a major developmental achievement. This adds to the pressure on Ramesh to expedite project execution without raising further objections. Nonetheless, he remains convinced that the current design is flawed and could have grave implications for public safety if left unaddressed.\nMeanwhile, the bridge design has also attracted widespread public attention after being published in a leading local newspaper. Images of the sharp 90-degree turn went viral on social media, drawing criticism and ridicule. Several engineering experts have publicly flagged the alignment as a potential safety hazard, reinforcing Ramesh’s concerns.\na) Under the given conditions, what are the options available to Ramesh as a project manager?\nb) What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by Ramesh?\nc) What are the professional challenges likely to be faced by Ramesh and his response to overcome such challenges?","20","20"],[30,"a) दी गई परिस्थितियों में, एक परियोजना प्रबंधक के रूप में रमेश के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\nb) रमेश को किन नैतिक दुविधाओं का सामना करना पड़ रहा है?\nc) रमेश को किन व्यावसायिक चुनौतियों का सामना करना पड़ सकता है तथा ऐसी चुनौतियों पर नियंत्रण पाने के लिए उसकी क्या प्रतिक्रिया होनी चाहिए?\na) दी गई परिस्थितियों में, एक परियोजना प्रबंधक के रूप में रमेश के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\nb) रमेश को किन नैतिक दुविधाओं का सामना करना पड़ रहा है?\nc) रमेश को किन व्यावसायिक चुनौतियों का सामना करना पड़ सकता है तथा ऐसी चुनौतियों पर नियंत्रण पाने के लिए उसकी क्या प्रतिक्रिया होनी चाहिए?","20 अंक","250 शब्द"],[35,"Q.8 Srushti is a young and dynamic IPS officer, posted as Assistant Superintendent of Police (ASP) in a communally sensitive district. Her husband, Arjun, is an IAS officer and posted as Sub-Divisional Magistrate (SDM) in the same district. Both are honest, sincere and deeply committed to their work. They have a daughter who is just four months old, and is looked after by a domestic helper. Srushti resumed duty just two weeks ago after six months of maternity leave.\n\nAt 9 PM on Saturday night, Srushti is in her office reviewing the security arrangements with her team for an upcoming local festival. The situation in the area has been tense throughout the week due to a flare-up between two communities over a petty issue. Around 9:30 PM, she gets a call from the Superintendent of Police. He asks her to prepare a detailed law and order brief for a high-level meeting the next morning.\n\nSrushti reaches home at 10 PM, feeling exhausted. She has not been getting proper sleep during the week due to frequent night patrolling. Arjun also returns around the same time after a long day in the field. Their daughter has been unwell and cried through most of the previous night. Arjun expresses concern about Srushti's heavy workload and the baby's condition. He tells her that she can not keep pushing herself like this and that the child needs more of her attention. Srushti replies that she cannot afford to step back. She adds that people are already judging her and questioning her commitment to work for availing maternity leave. The conversation gradually turns into an argument. Arjun feels Srushti is ignoring her health and family, while Srushti feels judged and unsupported.\n\nLater that night, as Srushti sits at her desk preparing the report, she pauses and reflects on the purpose of her work. She had joined the IPS to serve the people and protect the vulnerable. But now, she wonders if she is being fair to her own child and family. Even as recently as last week, she had to cancel the family dinner as she had to attend an urgent meeting at the SP office. She also feels the weight of expectations. Male officers with children are rarely questioned. But as a new mother, she is constantly under scrutiny. Many in the department believe that women, especially new mothers, are not suitable for field duty.\n\nSrushti starts thinking about her options. She knows that whatever decision she makes will not only impact her own future but also influence the expectations placed on other working mothers in uniform.\na) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\nb) Evaluate the options available to Srushti in the above situation.\nc) What suggestions would you make to help officers like Srushti maintain a healthy work-life balance.","20","250"],[36,"a) उपयुक्त मामले में नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं?\nb) उपरोक्त स्थिति में सृष्टि के लिए उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन करें।\nc) सृष्टि जैसे अधिकारियों को स्वस्थ कार्य-जीवन संतुलन बनाए रखने में मदद करने के लिए आप क्या सुझाव देंगे?\na) उपयुक्त मामले में नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं?\nb) उपरोक्त स्थिति में सृष्टि के लिए उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन करें।\nc) सृष्टि जैसे अधिकारियों को स्वस्थ कार्य-जीवन संतुलन बनाए रखने में मदद करने के लिए आप क्या सुझाव देंगे?","20 अंक","250 शब्द"],[41,"Q 8 A reputed Indian beauty & personal care company developed a herbal skin cream for the external home market, claiming anti-ageing and skin repair properties based on traditional Ayurvedic formulae. After obtaining the necessary approvals and export certifications, the company began exporting the product. The product received widespread positive feedback for its quality and natural formula base and soon became a huge hit in international markets. Riding on this success, the company announced that the product would soon be made available to domestic consumers, with almost the same quality and health benefits.\n\nSubsequently, it secured approval from the domestic regulatory authority and launched the product in the Indian market. Over time, the brand gained a significant share of the domestic market and earned substantial revenues both nationally and internationally.\n\nHowever, during a random sample check, officials discovered that the cream sold in India differed from the version approved by the competent authority. The product failed to meet the claimed herbal composition and purity standards. Further investigation revealed that the company had often been distributing batches that had failed export quality checks.\n\nThe incident triggered widespread public criticism and regulatory scrutiny, leading to a sharp decline in the company's reputation and financial performance.\na) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the case.\nb) What actions should the competent regulatory authority take against the personal care company for violating domestic quality standards and distributing rejected export batches in the Indian market?\nc) What course of action is available to the company to manage the crisis and restore public trust and brand credibility?","20","250"],[46,"Q. 10) A forest fire has broken out in a hilly district and is rapidly spreading toward an eco-sensitive area that includes four villages (ESA villages). These villages lie along the forest fringe and are surrounded by difficult terrain. The region is known for its biodiversity and traditional forest-based livelihoods. The inhabitants of these villages are mostly poor tribal communities, dependent on forest resources for their sustenance.\nYou, as the District Magistrate of the area, have rushed to the spot with a medical team, police personnel, NGOs, media, and support staff to oversee the rescue and containment operations. Your disaster response team on the ground is small and poorly equipped. Reinforcements from the district headquarter have been requested, but they may take several hours to arrive due to the remoteness and challenging terrain.\nIn the meantime, a group of trained ex-forest guards and local youth from the villages offer to help. They are experienced and familiar with the area. However, existing government rules do not permit the engagement of unofficial personnel in fire control operations without formal clearance and insurance coverage.\nYour team members are divided on this issue. Some members argue that volunteers should be engaged immediately to prevent the fire from spreading. Others caution that involving them without proper approval and safety cover could be risky and against protocol.\nAs the District Magistrate, you are also the Chairperson of the District Disaster Management Authority (DDMA). The fire is spreading at a very rapid rate, and immediate action is required to protect lives, property, and the environment. You are now in a dilemma.\na) What are the options available to you?\nb) Critically evaluate each of the options identified by you.\nc) What option would you adopt and why?\nd) What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by you?","20","250"],[48,"2) Do the operations involving the ex-forest guards","",""],[49,"(a) Do the quick analysis of the issue: if it demands immediate & difficult process -> include ex-forept guards.","",""],[51,"Q.11 In one of the government primary schools located in a rural block of a district, the newly appointed headmistress observed an unusual practice. The school had been preparing and serving mid-day meals separately to students belonging to different communities. Although the meals were cooked using a common gas connection, separate utensils, cooking areas, and serving arrangements had been in place for more than two decades. Students from the two communities had their food cooked and served by different cooks and ate in separate classrooms, despite attending classes together.\nAfter taking charge, the headmistress decided to discontinue this practice. She directed that food be prepared and served together for all students, using a common kitchen and utensils. However, the decision triggered backlash. A considerable number of parents across communities vehemently opposed the move and stopped sending their children to school. Consequently, attendance fell by almost 60 percent. This also raised concerns regarding the possible discontinuation of the mid-day meal scheme, withdrawal of teaching staff, and even closure of the school due to falling enrolment.\nThe issue has attracted attention from various political and social groups attempting to polarise the situation and serve their vested interests.\nMarpi Apang, the District Education Officer (DEO), has been tasked by the Deputy Commissioner's office to amicably resolve the matter at the earliest. She has also been directed to submit a detailed report along with the Action Taken Report within a fortnight.\na) Identify the ethical issues involved in this case.\nb) What course of action should Marpi adopt and why?\nc) What should be the responsibilities of different social segments and agencies to create positive social ambiance for accepting such changes?","20","20"],[56,"Q.12) You are a Municipal Commissioner of a tier-2 city experiencing rapid urban expansion. Several high-rise residential and commercial buildings are under construction in the city to meet the growing demand for housing. One such luxury residential complex is being built, employing hundreds of daily-wage labourers, many of whom live in temporary settlements at the construction site. Late one night during the monsoon season, a large section of scaffolding and concrete slabs collapses from the upper floors of one of the under-construction buildings. Seven labourers, including two minors, die on the spot. Several others are critically injured and rushed to the hospital. The tragic incident results in public outrage, intense media scrutiny, and protests by a local NGO. The state government orders a formal inquiry and directs you to submit a report within a week. Your preliminary investigation reveals a series of irregularities. The construction material used is substandard and not in accordance with the National Building Code. Although the approved plan permits construction of fifteen floors, the builder has illegally added two extra floors. Moreover, the structure has encroached on land demarcated for a community park and a fire service lane under the city’s Zonal Development Plan. These violations are not reported during site inspections conducted by the building inspector of the municipal corporation. The building clearance was granted during the tenure of your predecessor, who is not only your batchmate but also a close friend. Both of you were roommates during your training at LBSNAA. Prima facie, the case appears to involve a widespread nexus between officials of the Municipal Corporation and the builder. Your colleagues are putting pressure on you to go slow in the inquiry. Some of them suggest that holding the builder accountable could damage the city’s image among investors and slow down urban development. Meanwhile, you come to know that the builder is the younger brother of a powerful minister in the state cabinet. One evening, his personal aide visits you privately. He suggests that the matter could be “mutually settled” and offers you a premium apartment worth ₹2 crore in the same residential complex. In the same breath, he hints that if the matter is not resolved swiftly in the builder’s favour, someone in his office is prepared to file a complaint against you under the SC and ST (Prevention of Atrocities) Act.\na) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the case.\nb) What are the options available to you in this situation?\nc) Explain your selected course of action.","20","250"],[57,"a) मामले में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा करें।\nb) इस स्थिति में आपके पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध है?\nc) अपनी चुनी हुई कार्यवाही का विवरण दीजिए।","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[62,"1 How to bring creativity in Case studies?\n2 Quote based question - how to address effectively?","",""]]},{"i":255,"t":"Astha","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":2025,"r":9,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/ASTHA-JAIN-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-9-Sample-MGP-Copy-5.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) The increasing use of digital surveillance technologies for maintaining law and order is a debatable issue. Critically examine the statement from the ethical point of view.","10","150"],[5,"b) Knowledge and skills are important, but they must be grounded in ethical principles for true success. In this context, discuss the importance of ethics in education and the role of educational institutions in imparting ethical values.","10","150"],[7,"Q.2) a) How does persuasion help achieve a desired change in attitude? What are the elements of an effective persuasive approach?","10","150"],[9,"b) While scientific research drives technological progress and societal development, its funding often raises ethical questions. What ethical concerns arise from corporate sponsorship of scientific research, and how can these be addressed?","10","150"],[11,"Q.3) Given below are three quotations of great thinkers. What do each of these quotations convey to you in the present context?\na) \"Where do the evils like corruption arise from? It comes from the never-ending greed. The fight for corruption-free ethical society will have to be fought against this greed and replace it with 'what can I give' spirit.\" - A.P.J. Abdul Kalam","10","150"],[13,"b) \"The greatest glory in living lies not in never failing, but in rising every time we fail.\" - Nelson Mandela","10","150"],[15,"c) \"Your goodness is an impediment in your way, so let your eyes be red with anger, and try to fight the injustice with a firm hand.\" - Sardar Patel","10","150"],[17,"Q.4) a) What do you understand by the term \"Conflict of Interest\"? How does it manifest in the decision making by public servants? In what ways can it be minimized?","10","150"],[19,"b) \"In post-conflict rehabilitation, the pursuit of justice must be balanced with the need for reconciliation.\" Examine this statement in the context of addressing ethnic violence.","10","150"],[21,"Q.5) a) In the ever-evolving landscape of academic institutions, administrators must not only manage academic issues but also emotional and interpersonal dynamics. In this context, discuss the significance of emotionally intelligent administrators in higher education.","10","150"],[23,"b) \"The recognition of the horrors of nuclear weapons should compel nations to move towards meaningful disarmament. However, geopolitical interests continue to hinder genuine progress in this direction. What are the ethical considerations of nuclear states to pursue global disarmament, and how can the international community balance security concerns with the moral imperative of a nuclear-free world?\"","10","150"],[25,"Q.6) a) \"Probity in governance is an essential and vital requirement for an efficient and effective system of governance and for socio-economic development.\" Discuss the statement with examples.","10","150"],[27,"b) How can responsible and informed social media use be nurtured among children to make the internet a safer space for them?","10","150"],[29,"Q.7 Arushi is a young IPS officer known for her competence, integrity, and relentless dedication to challenging tasks. Recognizing her excellent track record, her superiors have chosen her to handle a sensitive assignment in a tribal-dominated district notorious for illegal bauxite mining. Here, the mafia mines bauxite from mineral-rich lands, transports it by truck, and sells it on the black market. This illegal operation thrives with the support of certain local officials and tribal musclemen who intimidate the local population and bribe select poor tribals to maintain control and silence.\n\nUpon assuming the new role, Arushi quickly grasps the ground realities and identifies the mafia's modus operandi, characterized by a series of devious tactics. Her inquiries reveal that several employees in her office are colluding with the mafia, forming an unholy nexus that enables these illegal operations. Determined to dismantle this network, she initiates strict actions, including raids on trucks transporting illegally mined bauxite. These actions significantly disrupt the mafia's operations, unsettling criminals unaccustomed to such resistance. Some office employees allegedly allied with the mafia inform the criminals of her determination to dismantle their operations, posing a serious threat to their profits. In response, the mafia adopts a counter-offensive strategy. Tribal strongmen and mafia operatives begin issuing direct threats to her, warning of severe consequences if the raids continue. Her family (husband and elderly mother) are stalked and placed under virtual surveillance, causing mental anguish and stress for them all. Matters assume serious propositions when a muscleman appears in her office and threatens that if she does not halt raids, etc., she will suffer the same fate as a predecessor officer who was killed by the mafia a decade earlier.\na) Discuss the ethical issues involved in this case.\nb) Identify and evaluate the different options available to Arushi under the given situation.\nc) Which option would she adopt and why?","20","250"],[34,"Q.8 The Siang Upper Multipurpose Project (SUMP) is proposed on a river in a northeastern state of India, a recognized biodiversity hotspot. Covered in dense forests, this region harbors a rich diversity of flora and fauna, including numerous endemic species. Although sparsely populated, the region's communities have livelihoods and cultural practices deeply intertwined with the natural landscape. Its ecological wealth has been preserved over the years due to its environmental significance and cultural heritage. Additionally, the Upper Siang basin holds immense strategic importance due to its proximity to international borders, offering potential leverage in regional security and resource management.\nThe SUMP aims to harness the river's energy for economic growth, proposing infrastructure that includes an 11,000 MW “mega dam,” power stations, and transmission lines that could transform the state into a renewable energy hub. Proponents argue that the project will boost the state's economy through power generation, employment, and enhanced infrastructure while also helping meet the country's clean energy targets.\nHowever, a local NGO has raised concerns about the ecological and social costs of SUMP. The project would require extensive forest clearance, which plays a crucial role in carbon sequestration. Additionally, experts warn that construction activities could disturb the region's delicate ecosystems. This may affect riverine biodiversity and increase the risk of soil erosion and sedimentation, with potential downstream effects on agriculture and water quality. Another major issue raised is the potential displacement and cultural impact on local communities. This could threaten their subsistence-based livelihoods and disrupt their way of life. Critics also highlight that the project may contradict India's commitments to sustainable development.\nDespite these concerns, supporters of the project argue that SUMP's strategic importance and clean energy potential cannot be ignored. Moreover, they emphasize the project's strategic location, which would strengthen energy security, reduce regional inequalities, and contribute to the country's long-term development goals. They argue that amidst rising energy demands, the country cannot afford to forgo such an opportunity, especially given the presence of hydroelectric projects across borders that could shift regional control over water resources.\n(a) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\n(b) In your opinion, which should take priority between development and conservation, and why?","20","250"],[35,"(a) उपर्युक्त परिस्थिति में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों का वर्णन कीजिए?\n(b) आपकी राय में विकास और संरक्षण में से किसे प्राथमिकता दी जानी चाहिए और क्यों?\na) उपर्युक्त परिस्थिति में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों का वर्णन कीजिए?\nb) आपकी राय में विकास और संरक्षण में से किसे प्राथमिकता दी जानी चाहिए और क्यों?","20 अंक","250 शब्द"],[39,"Q.9) Inside a busy city administration office, Joint Municipal Commissioner Keerthi, who also serves as the Public Information Officer (PIO), faces a challenging situation. Recently, an RTI application has been received, demanding details about public infrastructure projects initiated during her tenure. Upon reviewing the requested information, Keerthi discovers that certain decisions made regarding these projects were not entirely sound in hindsight. These decisions, although taken in good faith and after due diligence, failed to realize promised outcomes. There were other employees also who were party to this decision. The disclosure of this information could potentially lead to scrutiny and backlash against herself, the employees, and contractors involved. Known for her integrity and commitment to public service, Keerthi finds herself at a crossroads. The RTI Act has served as a critical check against administrative arbitrariness, ensuring transparency and accountability. However, she also observes a troubling trend. RTI applications are often used by vested interests and activists seeking personal gain rather than genuine public interest. Some activists even resort to threats or extortion tactics, undermining the integrity of the RTI process. She fears the requested RTI information could be similarly exploited. Moreover, the employees involved are requesting her to withhold the information. In navigating this situation, Keerthi weighs her options carefully.\n(a) Critically examine the options available to Keerthi in the above situation.\n(b) Which of the above would be the most appropriate for Keerthi and why?","20","20"],[44,"Q.10 Littering at popular tourist destinations has become a significant environmental and ethical concern in India. A recent incident highlighted this issue when tourists were observed throwing tissue papers and a cake box on the road after celebrating a birthday. When a local politely requested them to use a nearby dustbin just 5 feet away, the tourists dismissed the appeal, claiming no dustbin was available. The situation escalated when their driver threw a plastic bag into the adjacent valley.\n\nPublic reactions to the incident were divided. Some individuals commended the intervention as an effort to promote civic responsibility, emphasizing the need to protect fragile ecosystems like hill stations. Many argued that tourists must adhere to basic environmental ethics and that public spaces are a shared responsibility. Critics also highlighted the broader implications of such irresponsible behavior on the environment and local livelihoods.\n\nOn the other hand, the tourists involved accused those intervening of interfering in their personal affairs, claiming their privacy was being violated. The argument that the tourists were being publicly shamed through the viral video added another layer to the ethical debate. Many questioned whether posting such incidents online, even for a social cause, was appropriate or necessary.\n\nThe debate continues, with one side emphasizing the collective responsibility to preserve public spaces and the environment, while the other raises concerns about individual privacy and autonomy.\n(a) What are the ethical concerns associated with tourists littering at public destinations?\n(b) How can ethical tourism practices be integrated into policies to address issues like littering at tourist destinations?\n(c) Suggest a course of action that balances environmental responsibility and individual rights. Justify your answer.","20","250"],[49,"Q.11 You are the Operations Manager at a fast-growing technology startup, NexGen Solutions, known for its innovative projects and timely delivery. The startup's environment is fast-paced, with tight deadlines and high expectations from clients and investors. Your current project, creating a cutting-edge AI based application, is critical for securing upcoming funding and partnerships. Your small, capable team includes four software developers and two project coordinators, with an equal number of men and women.\nRecently, the team has encountered major challenges. Priya, one of the female developers, has requested leave to care for her ailing mother. Meanwhile, another team member, Ayesha, is struggling to manage her workload along with caring for her infant child. As a result, other team members have taken on extra tasks, impacting their work-life balance and causing heightened stress. With the project deadline looming, tensions in the team have become visible. During a crucial project meeting, Karan, a senior developer, voices his frustration, saying, \"Perhaps it's not ideal to have team members who can't fully commit during critical stages.\"\nKaran's remark triggers an immediate reaction. Neha, a project coordinator, finds his comment offensive and reports it to the Human Resources (HR) Department. She also hints that she might bring the issue to social media, which could harm the startup's image. The HR Department, located at the company's headquarters, investigates and recommends disciplinary action against Karan, emphasizing the importance of a respectful, inclusive workplace. Their recommendation puts you in a difficult situation. The project is already delayed, and losing a senior developer like Karan could jeopardize its timely completion.\nYou are now faced with a complex dilemma. On one hand, it's vital to address the inappropriate comment and ensure a respectful work culture. On the other hand, you must keep the project on track without further demotivating your team.\n(a) Discuss the ethical issues involved in this case.\n(b) As the Operations Manager, how would you deal with the given situation?\n(c) Based on the case study, discuss the challenges faced by women at workplace. How can such challenges be addressed?","20","250"],[54,"Q.12 Prateek Kumar, the Project Manager, is in charge of the construction of a highly anticipated highway that is expected to drive regional development. The project aims to enhance connectivity, boost trade, and create substantial employment opportunities. Given its importance, it has become a focal point for the ruling party, which is actively promoting it as a symbol of progress ahead of the upcoming state elections next year. The timely completion of the highway is crucial, as the Chief Minister is scheduled to inaugurate it upon completion. This has led to added pressure on Prateek and his team to meet the approaching deadline, which is set for next month.\nDuring a routine inspection, Prateek discovers that a particular stretch of the highway has been built with substandard materials. This section fails to meet the required safety and durability standards, posing a serious threat to public safety and lives. If left unresolved, the compromised quality could lead to accidents, undermining both the project's credibility and the government's promises for safe and reliable infrastructure. Concerned, Prateek raises the issue with the contractor, but the contractor downplays the severity, claiming that minor adjustments will fix the problem without causing major delays.\nIn a subsequent team meeting, some senior members suggest that Prateek overlook the quality concerns to ensure the project remains on schedule. They argue that the majority of the highway meets standards and emphasize the severe economic and political consequences of delays. With elections approaching, they stress the importance of the Chief Minister's inauguration as a key political event. They warn that any delay could damage the ruling party's image, harm its electoral prospects, and potentially have repercussions for the team and the organization.\nLater, the contractor privately approaches Prateek with a substantial bribe, urging him to ignore the issue and allow the project to proceed. The contractor justifies his actions by citing financial pressures and the need to complete the project on time. Prateek is an honest and upright officer, but he understands that addressing the problem would delay the project, making it impossible to meet the deadline.\n(a) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the case.\n(b) Under the given conditions, what are the options available to Prateek as the Project Manager? Critically evaluate each of the options.\n(c) What option should Prateek adopt and why?","20","20"]]},{"i":256,"t":"Astha Jain","c":"Forumias","p":"Essay","y":2025,"r":9,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/ASTHA-JAIN-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-9-Sample-Essay-Copy-1-1.pdf","q":[[3,"1. Glaciers are the canaries in the coal mine of climate change.","",""],[16,"1. True peace is not merely the absence of tension; it is the presence of justice.\n2. The saddest aspect of life right now is that science gathers knowledge faster than society gathers wisdom.\n3. Human development suffers when interdependence is mismanaged.\n4. No one can make you feel inferior without your consent.","",""],[17,"What finally worked for them?","",""]]},{"i":258,"t":"Astha Jain","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2025,"r":9,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/ASTHA-JAIN-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-9-Sample-MGP-Copy-2.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) Examine the scope and significance of the Supreme Court's advisory jurisdiction under Article 143 of the Constitution.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) What is delimitation; and why is it important? What challenges are associated with the delimitation exercise in India?","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) How has asymmetric federalism helped India accommodate its diverse regional needs? Discuss with suitable examples.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) Explain how the terms 'socialist' and 'secular' in the Preamble embody specific meanings in the Indian context.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) The role of State Finance Commissions in building regional equity and strengthening the federal link has largely been underutilized. Discuss.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) How far do you think has the National Commission for Protection of Child Rights (NCPCR) been successful in protecting and promoting child rights in India?","10","150"],[15,"Q.7 Outline the salient features of New Education Policy (NEP) 2020 related to school education. What does it state about the medium of instruction in schools?","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) Throw light on the legal frameworks that are in place to ensure women's safety in India. What further steps are needed to enhance their safety and well-being?","10","150"],[19,"Q.9 \"A multipolar world order is not merely an option but a necessity\". Elaborate. How can India leverage its position to strengthen multipolarity in the global arena?","10","150"],[21,"Q.10 \"ASEAN is the cornerstone of India's Act East Policy and its Indo-Pacific vision.\" Elucidate.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11 Discuss the various administrative challenges faced by local self-governments (LSGs). What measures do you suggest for devolving administrative powers to LSGs, enabling them to function as institutions of genuine self-governance?","15","250"],[26,"Q.12 In light of recent developments, the Collegium system and the Supreme Court's decision to strike down the National Judicial Appointments Commission (NJAC) Act, 2014 have once again come under scrutiny. Do you think that a NJAC-like body can make judicial appointments more transparent, broad-based, and accountable? Justify your answer.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 Differentiate between the clemency powers of the Presidents of India and the USA. Also, critically examine the vesting of clemency power in the executive.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14) What constitutes corrupt practices under the Representation of the People Act, 1951? Also, discuss the challenges in curbing such malpractices and suggest remedial measures.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 Discuss the role of the Vice-President as the Chairman of the Rajya Sabha. Also describe the procedure for his/her removal from office.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16 \"Universal Basic Income (UBI) is a viable solution to eradicate extreme poverty in India.\" Critically discuss the statement.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17) What are the key determinants of malnutrition among under-five children in the country? Also, elaborate on the role of nutrition-specific and nutrition-sensitive interventions in addressing this issue.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 \"Data is the raw material of Artificial Intelligence.\" In this context, discuss the need for transparent and accountable data governance frameworks in India. What steps has the government taken in this regard?","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 Critically examine the role of International Monetary Fund (IMF) in addressing debt distress in the Global South. How can India use its post-G20 presidency momentum to push IMF reforms?","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 \"In a fluid geopolitical arena, engagement without formal endorsement is a pragmatic middle path.\" Do you agree? Explain in the context of India's current approach towards the Taliban regime in Afghanistan.","15","250"]]},{"i":259,"t":"Astha Jain","c":"Forumias","p":"GS3","y":2025,"r":9,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/ASTHA-JAIN-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-9-Sample-MGP-Copy-3.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) What is a 'Census'? Discuss the importance of Census for the economy and policy making.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2 Assess the role of NITI Aayog over the past decade in transforming the country's approach to planning and development.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3 Discuss various measures taken by the Government to strengthen the Cooperative movement and ensure \"Sahakar Se Samriddhi\".","10","150"],[9,"Q.4 India remains significantly dependent on imports to meet its pulses demand. Examine the key challenges in achieving self-reliance in pulses. Also, mention the major government initiatives taken in this regard.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5 What is a 'Black box'? Explain its significance in flight safety and airplane crash investigations.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) How does NISAR mission exemplify international cooperation in space exploration and scientific research? In what ways will it help in climate change monitoring and natural hazard management?","10","150"],[15,"Q.7 While oceans are considered among mankind's best allies in the fight against climate change, they are themselves heavily impacted by the same. Discuss.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8 \"Disasters cannot be managed by a single agency, department, or ministry on its own. It requires a whole-of-government and whole-of-society approach.\" Elucidate.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9) The convergence of organized crime and terrorism presents a formidable challenge to the country's internal security. Analyse.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10 In an era of complex security challenges, examine the ways in which the private sector can contribute to strengthening India's internal security.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11 Recently, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) announced a transfer of surplus to the Union Government for the financial year 2024-25. What does 'surplus' mean in this context? How does the RBI generate it, and what is its significance for the country's fiscal policy?","15","250"],[26,"Q.12 Examine the role of Public-Private Partnership (PPP) model in the development of ports in India.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 \"Legalizing the Minimum Support Price (MSP) would create more challenges than it resolves.\" Comment.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 Why does India's agricultural export performance remain weak despite high production levels? What measures would you suggest to improve agri-export competitiveness?","15","250"],[35,"Q.15) How the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) can help India in its socio-economic development? Identify the hurdles in its large-scale adoption and suggest corrective measures.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16 What is a Geographical Indication (GI)? What are the legal frameworks governing it? How does it differ from a trademark? How can GI infringement be tackled?","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 \"Mangroves contribute significantly to the coastal economy and ecology, but they are threatened by numerous factors\". Elaborate. Also, state the measures taken by the government for mangrove conservation and restoration.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 What is oil pollution? What are its impacts on the marine ecosystem? In what way is oil pollution particularly harmful for a country like India?","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have become an integral aspect of modern conflict and warfare, employed by both state and non-state actors. Discuss its implications for India's security architecture and state the measures being taken to address them. Also suggest other steps to tackle the threats emanating from UAVs.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 Maritime security challenges are complex, driven by both conventional and non-conventional threats. In this context, discuss the key maritime security challenges in India. Also, highlight the measures taken by the government in this regard.","15","250"]]},{"i":257,"t":"Astha Jain","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":2025,"r":9,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/ASTHA-JAIN-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-9-Sample-MGP-Copy-1-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1 \"Bhagavad Gita and Natyashastra are not merely texts; they exemplify the timeless wisdom, richness and diversity of Indian knowledge traditions.\" Elaborate.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) The Harappan civilization was a \"technological powerhouse\" that laid the foundation for sophisticated urban living in ancient South Asia. In light of this statement, discuss the key technological breakthroughs and contributions of this Bronze Age culture.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) Why is the First World War considered as the first 'total' war in modern history?","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) Highlight the differences in the approach of Bhagat Singh and Mahatma Gandhi in the struggle for freedom.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) Briefly explain the processes through which the earth-atmosphere system maintains heat balance.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6 What characteristics of the monsoon climate play a crucial role in sustaining agriculture in Monsoon Asia?","10","150"],[15,"Q.7 Account for the factors influencing the location of semiconductor industries across the world.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) Unemployment is not just an economic challenge, but a social one with far-reaching consequences. In this context, discuss the social impact of unemployment in the country.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9) Globalization has facilitated the influx of global brands and multinational corporations into the Indian market, significantly altering the consumer behaviour. Do you agree? Justify your answer.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10 Discuss how social media is reshaping identity formation and self-worth among adolescents in contemporary Indian society.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11) The fusion of Islamic architectural styles with indigenous Indian traditions played a key role in the evolution of Indo-Islamic architecture in the country. Discuss with examples.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12 'Emergency' is one of the most controversial and widely debated events in Indian politics. How far do you agree with the view that it was imposed to fulfil individual political goals rather than serve national interests? Also, discuss the short-term and long-term impacts of the Emergency.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 What are 'atmospheric rivers'? How do they influence global weather patterns and impact human settlements?","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 Despite sharing a similar latitude, why does the Mediterranean climate vary from the China-type climate? How do the differences in climate affect life and economic activities in the region?","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 \"The tropical Indian Ocean is likely to be in a near-permanent heatwave state.\" Discuss the factors responsible for the rapid warming of the Indian Ocean along with its multi-dimensional impacts.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16 How can the demographic transition in the southern states, marked by low fertility rates and an aging population, impact the region's economic growth and social welfare policies?","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 Incidence of extreme rainfall events and flash floods in recent times has led to devastating consequences for major cities of India. Analyse.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 \"Air pollution is as much an issue of equity and justice as it is an environmental one.\" Elaborate with examples.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 Analyze the socio-cultural factors contributing to the high attrition rate among women in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) careers in India. Suggest measures to improve their retention in STEM.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20) “Caste census is relevant and necessary for any well-designed policy to reduce social inequality”. Comment.","15","250"]]},{"i":260,"t":"Astha Jain","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":2025,"r":9,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/ASTHA-JAIN-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-9-Sample-MGP-Copy-4.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) 'Unconscious biases in parenting continue to shape gendered experiences in India.' Do you agree with this view? Discuss.","10","150"],[5,"b) Distinguish between empathy and compassion. Why are they considered as foundational values in public services?","10","150"],[7,"Q.2) a) The current society is witnessing rising levels of intolerance. What are the consequences of this situation for personal well-being and for societal well-being? What can one do at the personal level to become tolerant?","10","150"],[9,"b) What are the main components of emotional intelligence and how does it help an individual in taking ethical decisions?","10","150"],[11,"Q.3 Given below are the three quotations of great thinkers. What do each of these quotations convey to you in the present context?\na) \"This life is short, the vanities of the world are transient, but they alone live who live for others, the rest are more dead than alive.\" - Swami Vivekanand","10","150"],[13,"b) \"If you cry because the sun has gone out of your life, your tears will prevent you from seeing the stars.\" - Rabindranath Tagore","10","150"],[15,"c) \"Two ways of building character - cultivating strength to challenge oppression, and tolerate the resultant hardships that give rise to courage and awareness.\" - Sardar Patel","10","150"],[17,"Q.4) a) \"With great power comes great responsibility.\" In the present context, 'Big Tech' headquartered in developed countries wield disproportionate influence over digital infrastructure, personal data, and global narratives—often prioritising profit over ethical considerations. What ethical principles should guide such corporations in building a fair, inclusive, and just global digital framework?","10","150"],[19,"b) What do you understand by the term ‘crisis of conscience’? Describe an incident from your life where you experienced such a crisis. How did you deal with it?","10","150"],[21,"Q.5) a) \"A politics of confession that encourages politicians and parties to confess and offer regret for their errors can surely be a cathartic experience.\" Examine the statement from the ethical point of view.","10","150"],[23,"b) What are the key objectives of the Right to Information Act, 2005? Examine the ethical concerns associated with certain provisions of the Digital Personal Data Protection Act in realizing the objectives of the RTI Act.","10","150"],[25,"Q.6) a) Public spaces serve as arenas of democratic participation and civic expression. Yet in India, they remain deeply gendered, with many women largely confined to the private and domestic sphere. Examine the factors that restrict women's access to public spaces. How can ethical governance help address the issue of gendered spatial control and promote inclusivity in public spaces?","10","150"],[27,"b) Write short notes on the following in 30 words each:\ni) Ethical fading\nii) Conflict of interest\niii) Persuasion\niv) Work culture\nv) Corporate governance","10 marks, 150","30 words each"],[29,"Q.7 A State Government in the northeastern part of the country has launched a series of anti-encroachment drives across forest areas, wetlands, and revenue lands. Under the directions of the Chief Minister, the administration has intensified efforts to reclaim public land, particularly in areas reserved for ecological protection and critical infrastructure development. Most of the time, these actions have been backed by court orders and have resulted in the recovery of thousands of hectares of land. However, in certain regions, the implementation of such drives is fraught with social and political complexities. In several districts, settlements have existed for decades and are inhabited by marginalized communities with limited access to legal rights or formal rehabilitation measures. These areas are often politically sensitive and influenced by local leaders and pressure groups. Simanta is posted as Additional Deputy Commissioner (ADC) in one such district. Over the past year, the district administration has attempted to align eviction measures with welfare outreach, including the provision of temporary shelters, relocation assistance, and public consultations. Recently, a major operation was scheduled to clear encroachments from over 140 hectares of forest land within a Reserved Forest, primarily to curb rising instances of human-elephant conflict and to restore ecological balance. Anticipating eviction, some residents approached the High Court seeking a stay. However, the court refused to grant it and directed the administration to proceed with the eviction following due process. Notices were served, and a detailed roadmap was prepared to carry out the operation, which was expected to last 2-3 days due to the scale and remote location. On the first day, Simanta led a team comprising forest officials, municipal workers, and police personnel. Demolitions were conducted peacefully and without major resistance. However, on the second day, when the team returned to the site, a large group of agitated residents—primarily women and children—had gathered. They raised slogans and formed human chains to prevent further evictions. The atmosphere grew tense when some individuals began throwing stones, resulting in serious injury to a municipal worker. The crowd grew increasingly volatile and emotionally charged, demanding an immediate halt to the operation. The police contingent present on the ground was outnumbered by the crowd. Faced with this crisis, some team members pleaded with Simanta to call off the operation, fearing threats to their life and the possibility of a violent escalation. Simanta attempted to contact his superior officer (the Deputy Commissioner), but due to poor mobile connectivity in the forested area, communication could not be established. Meanwhile, several local journalists had arrived and begun reporting on the incident. Simanta is in a dilemma as to what to do.\na. Evaluate the options available with Simanta to cope with the situation.\nb. Which of the above options would be the most appropriate for Simanta and why?\nc. What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by Simanta?\nd. Examine the qualities of a public servant which will be required to manage such situations.","20","250"],[30,"a. स्थिति से निपटने के लिए सिमंता के पास उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन करें।\nb. सिमंता के लिए सबसे उपयुक्त होगा और क्यों?\nc. सिमंता को किन नैतिक दुविधाओं का सामना करना पड़ रहा है?\nd. ऐसी परिस्थितियों का प्रबंधन करने के लिए एक लोक सेवक के गुणों का परीक्षण करें।\na स्थिति से निपटने के लिए सिमंता के पास उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन करें।\nb सिमंता के लिए सबसे उपयुक्त होगा और क्यों?\nc सिमंता को किन नैतिक दुविधाओं का सामना करना पड़ रहा है?\nd ऐसी परिस्थितियों का प्रबंधन करने के लिए एक लोक सेवक के गुणों का परीक्षण करें।","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[34,"Q.8 Megha is a first-year sociology student at a reputed college in the national capital. She is originally from Tadchiroli, a tribal village in a western Indian state. Megha's family migrated to the city when she was seven years old and had not visited their village since. Though Megha has fond memories of her childhood there, she never deeply understood the customs and traditions of the region. One day, Megha expresses her wish to visit Tadchiroli. Her father agrees and asks her to inform Ratan, her paternal uncle, who still lives in the village with his family. Megha informs Ratan and travels to the village during a semester break. Upon arrival, she receives a warm welcome from Ratan and his family. Later, Ratan invites her to attend a local festival. During the event, Megha notices that her cousin Rinki is missing. Curious, she asks Ratan's wife Ratna why Rinki is not at the festival. Ratna explains that Rinki is on her period, and as per tradition, menstruating girls must stay separately in small huts built specifically for the purpose. Locally known as 'kurma ghars', they are generally located on the periphery of the village, near a river or pond. She further adds that these girls are not allowed to enter the main house or participate in any social or religious activities. Megha is taken aback. She asks whether all women follow this practice. Ratna nods and says it has been the custom for generations. Even schoolgirls stay in these huts and miss classes during their periods. Ratna admits that many in the village, including herself, never questioned the practice. The explanation unsettles Megha. She finds it hard to believe that a natural biological function leads to such exclusion. Before returning to the city, Megha observes that even educated family members seem to accept and follow these customs. The experience leaves a deep impact on her. She starts reading more about menstrual taboos and their impact on women's health, dignity, and education. As a sociology student, she recognises how such traditions are linked to patriarchy and social stigma. She begins to reflect on what she can do at her level to improve the current situation, without alienating the community or disrespecting its traditions.\na. Suggest a course of action Megha can take to sensitize her village community without appearing disrespectful or confrontational.\nb. What ethical principles and methods should guide her actions while engaging with the community?\nc. How is menstruation related to human rights?","20","250"],[35,"a. मेधा द्वारा अपने गांव के समुदाय को असम्मानजनक या टकरावपूर्ण व्यवहार किए बिना संवेदनशील बनाने के लिए अपनाई जा सकने वाली कार्यवाही का सुझाव दीजिए।\nb. समुदाय के साथ जुड़ते समय उसके कार्यों को किन नैतिक सिद्धांतों और तरीकों से निर्देशित किया जाना चाहिए?\nc. मासिक धर्म मानव अधिकारों से किस प्रकार संबंधित है?","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[39,"Q.9 Gopal is an 80-year-old man living in a remote and an underdeveloped village in a Central Indian state. He had been residing in a small mud house for years. When he came to know about the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana–Gramin (PMAY-G), he saw a glimmer of hope for a pucca house in the last phase of his life. However, the village sarpanch and panchayat secretary told him that to be eligible under the scheme, he must first demolish his existing house so that during a site inspection, no structure would be visible at the location. Subsequently, Gopal demolished his shelter and began living under a babool tree. For nearly six months, he has been staying in the open, braving harsh weather conditions. During this time, he has repeatedly visited the panchayat office but has been told that his application cannot be processed as he lacks the necessary documents.\nYou are the officer-in-charge of implementing PMAY-G in the district. The case of Gopal reaches you through a prominent newspaper report. You personally visit him to understand the situation on the ground. After meeting him and listening to his account, you feel that he certainly needs support. Your enquiries confirm that he is truly destitute and living in a pitiable condition under the open sky. It is also established that he demolished his house based on a faulty interpretation of the scheme by panchayat officials. However, he has no documents to show that he fulfils the eligibility criteria under the scheme.\nNow you are in a dilemma. Including him under the scheme without the necessary documents would clearly be a violation of rules. But denying him support would be cruel and inhuman.\na. Can you think of a rational way to resolve this dilemma?\nb. Give your reasons for it.\nc. What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?","20","250"],[44,"Q.10 You are working as an Assistant Section Officer in the District Development and Panchayat Office. One day, one of your close colleagues approaches you in deep distress. She tells you that her father is suffering from a severe liver condition, and the doctors have clearly stated that he must undergo liver transplant immediately in order to survive. She shares that she has no health insurance, and the surgery would cost around Rs 15 lakh. You are aware that her husband passed away a few years ago, and that she also has a four-year-old son with special needs. Just a few weeks ago, she also lost all her savings in a digital arrest scam. As a widow from a lower middle-class family, her options are extremely limited. Although you feel deeply empathetic, you are unable to offer financial assistance, as you do not have the resources to help. A few weeks later, you enquire about her father's health. She informs you that the liver transplant surgery was successful and that her father is now recovering steadily. Relieved, you ask how she managed to arrange the funds. Hesitantly, she confides that the District Development and Panchayat Officer (DDPO) helped her. Moved by her situation, the DDPO facilitated the release of Rs 15 lakh from the fund allocated to a rural sanitation scheme. The implementation of this scheme had been put on hold for a year due to technical issues and pending site approvals. She explains that the amount was provided on the assurance of strict confidentiality and with a commitment to repay it at the earliest. She expresses deep gratitude for the DDPO's timely help, which she believes saved her father's life. She has already begun repaying the money and will continue to do so until it is all returned.\na. Discuss the ethical issues involved in the case.\nb. Examine the behavior of DPDO from an ethical point of view.\nc. How would you react to the situation?","20","250"],[49,"Q.11 Nithin is the head of the Marketing Department at Pehnava Clothings Ltd., a reputed apparel manufacturing company with a strong global presence. Known for its professionalism and consistent performance, the company had earned a credible name in both domestic and international markets. However, the firm was going through difficult times. For three consecutive quarters, it had witnessed a steep decline in sales. This trend had raised serious concerns among the top management regarding the company's competitiveness, profitability, and long-term stability. To address the situation, the leadership decided to restructure the marketing division and bring in dynamic leadership. A senior marketing executive, Mr. A, was hired after a rigorous selection process. He had an impressive career record and was known for turning around sales performance in other firms and building strong brand identities. With high expectations placed upon him, Mr. A was seen as the key figure to steer the company out of crisis. Mr. A soon began delivering results. Within a year, the company's revenue had almost doubled, and its brand visibility had increased significantly. His bold marketing strategies, proactive outreach, and innovative campaigns received appreciation from various quarters within the company. His performance drew the attention of the top management. There were deliberations about assigning him a larger role within the company, with a focus on long-term business strategy. He was also being considered for an internal award for 'Excellence in Leadership and Innovation'. However, alongside professional success of Mr. A, Nithin began receiving troubling feedback about his conduct in the workplace. Informal reports indicated that he frequently made inappropriate comments about women. In addition, he regularly sent indecent messages via social media apps to all team members, including his female colleagues. Although no formal complaint was lodged initially, Nithin could sense tension within the team, and signs of discomfort were becoming increasingly apparent. Some employees even started avoiding direct interaction with Mr. A. Team morale and interpersonal trust were gradually eroding, but employees remained hesitant to speak openly. The matter escalated one evening when Mrs. X, one of Mr. A's team members approached Nithin. Visibly disturbed and emotionally shaken, she disclosed that Mr. A had repeatedly engaged in inappropriate behavior towards her. She added that Mr. A had been making undesirable advances towards her and had even tried to touch her inappropriately in his cabin. She urged Nithin to take appropriate action in the matter, or else she would have no option but to resign from her position.\na. Bring out the ethical issues involved in this case.\nb. What are the options available to Nithin?\nc. Critically examine each of the options identified by Nithin.\nd. Which of the options, do you think, would be more appropriate for Nithin to adopt and why?","20","20"],[50,"a. इस मामले में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों को स्पष्ट करें।\nb. नितिन के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\nc. नितिन द्वारा पहचाने गए प्रत्येक विकल्प का आलोचनात्मक परीक्षण करें।\nd. नितिन के लिए कौन सा विकल्प अपनाना अधिक उपयुक्त होगा और क्यों?","","20 अंक"],[55,"Q.12) You are appointed as an officer heading the Air Quality Compliance Division of the Environment Pollution Control Board in Delhi-NCR. The region is witnessing alarming levels of air pollution, which typically worsen during the winter months due to various meteorological and anthropogenic factors. The situation has led to severe public health concerns, particularly affecting vulnerable groups such as the elderly, children, and those with respiratory illnesses. The Supreme Court has also raised serious concern over the deteriorating air quality in Delhi-NCR and has directed the administration to take immediate and effective measures to control pollution, especially during the winter months. Your jurisdiction has a large number of small and medium-scale industries that were granted environmental clearance over the years. These industries form the backbone of the local economy and provide employment to a significant number of migrant workers. However, recent inspections and air quality monitoring reports indicate that a significant number of these units are operating in violation of prescribed air emission norms. As part of targeted measures to curb air pollution, you issued notices to all identified polluting units, directing them to apply for fresh environmental clearance certificates from the competent authority. However, your decision triggered strong opposition from a section of industrial units, labour unions, and local politicians. Industrial owners argued that such action would lead to production shutdowns, financial losses, and shortages of their products in the market. Labour unions and workers also protested, fearing mass unemployment and livelihood insecurity. Local politicians and vested interests accused you of jeopardising the socio-economic stability of the region. You received representations from various quarters urging you to withdraw the notices and not initiate harsh measures, citing the interests of multiple stakeholders. Additionally, you began receiving anonymous threats, aimed at coercing you into reversing your decision. On the other hand, several of your colleagues supported your stance, encouraging you to act in the larger public interest. Several local NGOs and environmental groups rallied behind your actions, demanding the immediate closure of polluting units.\na. Under the given conditions, what are the options available to you?\nb. Critically evaluate each of the options listed by you.\nc. What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by you?","20","250"]]},{"i":261,"t":"Avani Lekhara","c":"Nextias","p":"Essay","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/844233c60d0563afaf56a5f899c17647/6/pttp220996_tc062.pdf","q":[[1,"Q.1 If you look into someone's face long enough, eventually you feel that you are looking into yourself.\nQ.2 We can easily forgive a child who is afraid of the dark; the real tragedy of life is when men are afraid of the light.\nQ.3 It is the province of knowledge to speak and it is the privilege of wisdom to listen.\nQ.4 Drop the question what tomorrow may bring, and count as profit every day that fate allows you.","",""],[2,"4. Drop the question what tomorrow may bring, and count as profit every day that fate allows you.","",""],[12,"Q.5 Truth, like a torch, the more it is shook, it shines.\nQ.6 Art is I; science is We.\nQ.7 Only the dead have seen the end of the war.\nQ.8 Act as if it were impossible to fail.","",""],[17,"Now the question arises how one can shake truth? What is the way to do this to ensure that truth shines brighter?","",""]]},{"i":262,"t":"Avdhija Gupta","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":2024,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/AVDHIJA-GUPTA-UPSC-2024-Rank-43-MGP-Sample-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) It is often said that politics and ethics belong to different worlds. What is your opinion in this regard? Justify your answer with illustration. Also, highlight the consequences of divergence between politics and ethics.","10","150"],[5,"b) \"Integrity is telling myself the truth and honesty is telling the truth to other people.\" Examine the importance of integrity and honesty for a public servant. Also, suggest measures to cultivate these attributes.","10","150"],[7,"Q.2) a) \"Knowing yourself is the beginning of all wisdom.\" Discuss the importance of emotional intelligence in self-realisation. Do you think emotional intelligence can be learned?","10","150"],[9,"b) Differentiate between the following:\n(i) Rules and Laws\n(ii) Attitude and Belief","10","150"],[11,"Q.3) What does each of the following quotations mean to you?\na) \"Human behaviour flows from three main sources: desire, emotions, and knowledge\" - Plato","10","150"],[13,"b) \"There is a higher court than courts of justice and that is the court of conscience. It supersedes all other courts.\" - Mahatma Gandhi","10","150"],[15,"c) \"Tolerance implies no lack of commitment to one's own beliefs. Rather it condemns the oppression or persecution of others.\" - John F. Kennedy","10","150"],[17,"Q.4) a) Write short notes on the following in about 30-50 words each:\n(i) Ethical governance\n(ii) compassion in public life\n(iii) Selflessness\n(iv) Crisis of conscience\n(v) Non-partisanship","10 marks, 150","30-50 words each"],[19,"b) In tandem with the individual merits of employees, the work culture of an organization also plays an important role in harnessing positive outcomes. Discuss the statement in light of the work culture in government organizations.","10","150"],[21,"Q5) a) What do you understand from conflict of interest? With the help of suitable examples, illustrate how it affects the working of public servants. In what ways can conflict of interest be minimised?","10","150"],[23,"b) \"Those who would give up essential liberty to purchase a little temporary safety, deserve neither liberty nor safety.\" In the context of this statement, bring out the ethical issues involved with creating a surveillance state for the sake of national security.","10","150"],[25,"Q.6) a) If corruption is a disease, transparency and accountability are essentially its antidote. Explaining the statement, evaluate various measures available to ensure transparency and accountability in the governance process.","10","150"],[27,"b) In your opinion, what qualities make a person a 'good person'? Do you think all good persons share similar traits or do their qualities change with 'stan, kal, patra' (place, time and role)?","10","150"],[29,"Q.7 Anand Singh is a government bus conductor working with the Nav Pradesh Transport Corporation. Anand has completed 35 years of service and is due for retirement next year. Anand is happy because he is hopeful of getting his daughter, Madhvi, married from the money he will receive as his retirement benefits. However, Anand's wife pesters him to earn more money in one way or the other. Anand likes his job, and all the passengers in his route vouch for his good nature and helpful behaviour.\n\nOne day, Suresh, Anand's boss, called Anand in his cabin. He told Anand that a complaint has been filed against him by a person for illegally taking the ticket money from him without issuing the receipt for the ticket. Suresh explained to Anand that this act amounted to misappropriation of government money. Suresh always saw Anand as a decent individual and he asked him as to why he indulged in such an act? Anand, visibly disturbed, told Suresh that as the conductor of a government bus he receives a meagre salary, grossly insufficient to meet the needs of his family. He told him that his younger daughter, Sarita, suffers from chronic kidney ailment, and requires dialysis twice a week. A huge chunk of his paltry salary goes towards the cost of Sarita's treatment. Moreover, as a single bread-winner of the family, he has to cater to the needs of his elderly parents. Anand further tells Suresh that since last one year a substantial portion of his income goes towards repaying the loan that he took for his elder daughter's college education. Anand laments that even after working for 35 long years, he is unable to provide for his family beyond the bare basic necessities. He tells Suresh that he is aware of many incidents of large-scale corruption in the road transport department that go virtually unnoticed. Further, Anand justifies his act of taking money by highlighting that almost every colleague of his indulges in such practices, and in comparison, to them, what he took, just fifty rupees, is ignorable and paltry. Further, he brought to light the fact that at times they, the conductors, were expected to give their immediate superiors a bribe in the name of convenience fees for various official tasks.\n\nWhile listening to Anand, Suresh feels compassion for him. He decides to verify the veracity of Anand's claim with regard to the dire straits of his financial conditions. On enquiry, all the workers in the office attested to the fact that Anand is going through a very bad phase and that he frequently resorts to short term loans in order to meet his financial requirements. Moreover, the office employees requested Suresh to take a lenient view of Anand's case. They were of the view that if a strong action is taken over such a trivial incident, then it would be highly unjust and unfair towards Anand. On reaching his home, Suresh shared the whole occurrence and Anand's story with his wife. To his surprise, his wife too agreed with the employees of the office. She told him that such small incidents are a routine matter. Also, with rising inflation and increasing obligations, this is the only way for people like Anand to make their ends meet. She asks Suresh to not waste his time and energy over such a small matter.\na) Why are the incidents of petty corruption trivialized? According to you, is it justifiable to ignore small incidents of corruption?\nb) What are various ethical dilemmas in the above case study?","",""],[30,"a) छोटे-छोटे भ्रष्टाचार की घटनाओं को तुच्छ क्यों समझा जाता है? आपके हिसाब से क्या भ्रष्टाचार की छोटी-छोटी घटनाओं को नजरअंदाज करना जायज है?\nb) उपरोक्त केस स्टडी में विभिन्न नैतिक दुविधाएं क्या हैं?\nc) सुरेश के लिए उपलब्ध विभिन्न विकल्पों के गुण-दोषों की चर्चा कीजिए। साथ ही, आपके अनुसार आदर्श कार्यवाही क्या होगी और क्यों? (20 अंक, 250 शब्द)\na) छोटे-छोटे भ्रष्टाचार की घटनाओं को तुच्छ क्यों समझा जाता है? आपके हिसाब से क्या भ्रष्टाचार की छोटी-छोटी घटनाओं को नजरअंदाज करना जायज है?\nb) उपरोक्त केस स्टडी में विभिन्न नैतिक दुविधाएं क्या हैं?\nc) सुरेश के लिए उपलब्ध विभिन्न विकल्पों के गुण-दोषों की चर्चा कीजिए। साथ ही, आपके अनुसार आदर्श कार्यवाही क्या होगी और क्यों? (20 अंक, 250 शब्द)","20 अंक","250"],[35,"Q.8 a) What are various ethical issues in the above case study?\nb) What explains the bureaucratic apathy as highlighted in the above instances? How can the same be corrected?\nc) What virtues in a civil servant/public official could have prevented the above incidents?\na) What are various ethical issues in the above case study?\nb) What explains the bureaucratic apathy as highlighted in the above instances? How can the same be corrected?\nc) What virtues in a civil servant/public official could have prevented the above incidents?","20","250"],[36,"a) उपरोक्त केस स्टडी में विभिन्न नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं?\nb) उपरोक्त उदाहरण में उत्पन्न की गई नौकरशाही की उदासीनता या निष्क्रियता की क्या व्याख्या है? इसे कैसे ठीक किया जा सकता है?\nc) एक ईमानदार सेवक/लोक अधिकारी में कौन से गुण उपरोक्त घटनाओं को रोक सकते थे?","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[41,"Q.9 On the basis of the above case, answer the following questions:\na) Who are the different stakeholders involved in this case? Also, identify their interests/concerns.\nb) What should be the course of action of the new CEO to handle the situation at hand? Which ethical principles should guide his actions? Explain.","20","250"],[42,"उपरोक्त मामले के आधार पर, निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर दें:\na) इस मामले में शामिल विभिन्न हितधारक कौन हैं? साथ ही, उनके हितों/चिंताओं की पहचान करें।\nb) स्थिति को संभालने के लिए नए सीईओ की कार्रवाई का तरीका क्या होना चाहिए? कौन से नैतिक सिद्धांतों को उसके कार्यों का मार्गदर्शन करना चाहिए? व्याख्या कीजिए।","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[47,"Q.10) The national capital has been under the grip of an outbreak of dengue fever which has affected many in the city. Unseasonal rainfall, clogged drains, negligent administration and ignorance of the general public have led to water logging in various places in the capital, which has become the breeding grounds for mosquitos. Comprehensive coverage of the issue in national and international media has become an embarrassment for the ruling dispensation in the capital.\nTo control the outbreak, the administration swung into action and a taskforce was created to control the situation in the city. The Chief Minister visited many areas which were hot spots of the dengue outbreak and announced that all the victims of dengue would be provided free treatment and be paid a government allowance to make up for the wage loss due to dengue. To identify the beneficiaries of the government's plan, Rajesh, a member of the taskforce, was given the responsibility of conducting a survey and recording the names of the victims.\nRajesh conducted the survey diligently, working beyond his normal duty hours, to prepare the list of beneficiaries. Based on the survey, Rajesh prepared a draft list and submitted it to the head of the taskforce. Rajesh's list contained thousands of names and it was realized that the number of victims was much larger than originally anticipated. The head of the task force appreciated the hard work of Rajesh, but told him that such a long list of victims was unacceptable. He explained to Rajesh that giving government aid to such a large number of people was beyond the financial capacity of the state and presenting such a long list would only add to the embarrassment of the government. When Rajesh raised the contention that it was the order of the Chief Minister to give aid to every victim, the head of the taskforce further explained that it was the political expediency of the CM, as assembly elections are due in the next six months. He hinted that Rajesh should modify his list and include only those names who form the electorate of the capital and leave out others from the list as they are politically 'irrelevant'. He also indirectly told Rajesh that by giving a shorter list he could gain some political brownie points that could help him advance his career, while if he insisted on giving the complete list, he could land at the cross hairs of the ruling party. Rajesh understood that if he obliged the request of the head of the taskforce, it would mean leaving out the migrant population who are the most vulnerable section. Rajesh's mind tells him to follow what the head of the task force has asked him to do, but his conscience is exhorting him to say no.\na) Based on this case study, identify the various ethical dilemmas faced by Rajesh.\nb) If you were in Rajesh's shoes, what would you have done? Present an assessment and justification of your suggested course of action.","20","20"],[48,"a) इस केस स्टडी के आधार पर, राकेश के सामने आने वाली विभिन्न नैतिक दुविधाओं की पहचान करें।\nb) यदि आप राकेश के स्थान पर होते, तो क्या करते? अपनी सुझाई गई कार्रवाई का मूल्यांकन करें और उचित तर्क दें।","","20 अंक"],[52,"Q.11 Satish is a young IAS officer who has been appointed as the collector of a district in a South Indian state. Satish is known for his empathetic and compassionate attitude towards weaker sections. During his last posting as collector of another district in the same state, his work has earned him the name 'compassionate collector'. As collector, he quickly started taking people-oriented actions. He started 'janta darbar' (open house) on every Friday, so that people can directly approach him with their grievances and concerns. In one such Janta darbar, a distressed couple came to him with the plight of their sick daughter. The couple informed that their daughter was suffering from a rare heart condition and undergoing treatment in a private hospital, however, her survival requires immediate surgery. They further told him that they were able to raise substantial money through crowd funding and donations, but were still short of 2 lakhs. They showed some medical reports from a private hospital and recommendations of doctors from the same hospital prescribing immediate surgery. They begged Satish to help them arrange the remaining amount for the surgery. Moved by the pain of the couple and on the basis of the reports from the private hospital, Satish decided to give 2 lakhs for the Collector's discretionary fund and accordingly 2 lakhs were released to the private hospital. After a few weeks, an investigative journalist busted a scam where a private hospital, XYZ, was generating spurious reports and bills for treatments of fake patients. These bills were being paid by the government under the scheme for reimbursement of medical expenditure for treatment of weaker sections of the society. The name XYZ struck him and he recalled that the couple also gave him medical reports from the same hospital. The report of the journalist further added that the scam was going on for quite some time in connivance with the government officials. The news item reported Satish's name as an accomplice of the hospital and accused him of swindling public resources by giving money to XYZ out of the collector's discretionary fund. Taking note of the report, the state government has sent a show cause notice to Satish and an enquiry has been ordered to investigate the matter.\na) Examine various ethical issues involved in the case presented above.\nb) Do you think the actions of Satish were ethically justified? Justify your opinion.\nc) What should Satish do in this situation for handling the allegations of corruption levelled against him?","20","250"],[53,"a) ऊपर प्रस्तुत मामले में शामिल विभिन्न नैतिक मुद्दों की जांच करें।\nb) क्या आपको लगता है कि सतीश के कार्य को नैतिक रूप से औचित्यपूर्ण ठहराया जा सकता है? अपने मत को औचित्य सिद्ध कीजिए।\nc) सतीश को इस स्थिति में अपने ऊपर लगे भ्रष्टाचार के आरोपों से निपटने के लिए क्या करना चाहिए?","","20 अंक"],[57,"Q.12 Moonlighting refers to doing a second job, typically at night and secretly, in addition to one's regular employment. With work from home becoming a new feature of many jobs, it has become easy for many people to moonlight.\n\nArvind is a software engineer in Comsoft, an MNC, and he works from home for his firm. Arvind has received only meagre salary hikes in the last two years as the business of Comsoft has suffered due to the pandemic. However, his expenditure has increased substantially as he got married and had a child in these two years. Arvind was finding it difficult to make his ends meet and decided to take up another job, apart from his regular job in Comsoft. He got his second gig at Mocsoft, who happened to be a competitor of Comsoft, and thus, started moonlighting. This side gig was very helpful for Arvind and his financial condition started improving. Arvind found that in Mocsoft, his role and responsibilities were quite similar to that in his regular employment at Comsoft. This meant that he could easily manoeuvre between two jobs without compromising the quality of work in either company. Shift timing of both the jobs were also different. To keep the two jobs separate, he used his official computer to work for Comsoft and his personal computer for Mocsoft. Two jobs gave Arvind financial space to save for buying a house, something the couple had always dreamt of. However, all his plans shattered and his world came crashing down when Arvind received an official mail from Comsoft informing him of his termination with immediate effect citing his second job as the reason for termination. Arvind was clueless as to what to do now and how to tell his wife about his termination. Similar is the story of hundreds of Arvind, who were terminated for moonlighting.\na) Analyze the various ethical issues involved in the case of moonlighting.\nb) Do you think Comsoft's decision to terminate the employment of Arvind is justified? Why or why not?\nc) Identify various qualities which could help Arvind handle this situation.","20","250"],[58,"a) मूनलाइटिंग के मामले में शामिल विभिन्न नैतिक मुद्दों का विश्लेषण करें।\nb) क्या आपको लगता है कि कॉन्पसेंट का अरविंद के रोजगार को समाप्त करने का निर्णय उचित है? क्यों या क्यों नहीं?\nc) विभिन्न गुणों की पहचान करें जो अरविंद को इस स्थिति से निपटने में मदद कर सकते हैं। (20 अंक, 250 शब्द)","20 अंक","250"]]},{"i":263,"t":"Ayush Pathak","c":"Forumias","p":"GS3","y":2025,"r":215,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/AYUSH-PATHAKUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-215-Sample-MGP-Copy-2.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) What is a 'Census'? Discuss the importance of Census for the economy and policy making.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Assess the role of NITI Aayog over the past decade in transforming the country's approach to planning and development.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3 Discuss various measures taken by the Government to strengthen the Cooperative movement and ensure \"Sahakar Se Samriddhi\".","10","150"],[9,"Q.4 India remains significantly dependent on imports to meet its pulses demand. Examine the key challenges in achieving self-reliance in pulses. Also, mention the major government initiatives taken in this regard.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) What is a 'Black box'? Explain its significance in flight safety and airplane crash investigations.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) How does NISAR mission exemplify international cooperation in space exploration and scientific research? In what ways will it help in climate change monitoring and natural hazard management?","10","150"],[15,"Q.7 While oceans are considered among mankind's best allies in the fight against climate change, they are themselves heavily impacted by the same. Discuss.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) \"Disasters cannot be managed by a single agency, department, or ministry on its own. It requires a whole-of-government and whole-of-society approach.\" Elucidate.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9 The convergence of organized crime and terrorism presents a formidable challenge to the country's internal security. Analyse.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10 In an era of complex security challenges, examine the ways in which the private sector can contribute to strengthening India's internal security.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11 Recently, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) announced a transfer of surplus to the Union Government for the financial year 2024-25. What does 'surplus' mean in this context? How does the RBI generate it, and what is its significance for the country's fiscal policy?","15","250"],[26,"Q.12) Examine the role of Public-Private Partnership (PPP) model in the development of ports in India.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 \"Legalizing the Minimum Support Price (MSP) would create more challenges than it resolves.\" Comment.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 Why does India's agricultural export performance remain weak despite high production levels? What measures would you suggest to improve agri-export competitiveness?","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 How the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) can help India in its socio-economic development? Identify the hurdles in its large-scale adoption and suggest corrective measures.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16 What is a Geographical Indication (GI)? What are the legal frameworks governing it? How does it differ from a trademark? How can GI infringement be tackled?","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 \"Mangroves contribute significantly to the coastal economy and ecology, but they are threatened by numerous factors\". Elaborate. Also, state the measures taken by the government for mangrove conservation and restoration.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 What is oil pollution? What are its impacts on the marine ecosystem? In what way is oil pollution particularly harmful for a country like India?","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have become an integral aspect of modern conflict and warfare, employed by both state and non-state actors. Discuss its implications for India's security architecture and state the measures being taken to address them. Also suggest other steps to tackle the threats emanating from UAVs.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 Maritime security challenges are complex, driven by both conventional and non-conventional threats. In this context, discuss the key maritime security challenges in India. Also, highlight the measures taken by the government in this regard.","15","250"]]},{"i":264,"t":"Ayush Pathak","c":"Forumias","p":"GS3","y":2025,"r":215,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/AYUSH-PATHAKUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-215-Sample-MGP-Copy-3.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) The Union Budget 2025-26 outlines a shift towards the 'debt-to-GDP ratio' as the fiscal anchor starting from FY 2026-27. Discuss the rationale behind this shift.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Why does India need to transition from a 'build to print' to a 'build to design' model in manufacturing? What steps has been taken by the government in this regard?","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) Explain the concept of a nutrition-sensitive food system and suggest strategies to achieve it in the country.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) Give a brief overview of the 'Digital Agriculture Mission'. How can it benefit the agriculture sector?","10","150"],[11,"Q.5 Rare earths are not just elements; they are foundational inputs that act like 'seeds of technology'. Elaborate.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6 Why retrofitting Electrostatic Precipitators (ESPs) in Indian thermal power plants is a more viable and effective option compared to the installation of flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems?","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) 'The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) regime in India remains weak and is often reduced to a procedural formality.' In light of this statement, examine the key challenges in EIA implementation and suggest reforms.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) Plastic pollution is emerging as a serious environmental threat in India. Discuss the various mitigation measures to address this problem and also the government's initiatives in this regard.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9) Amid evolving threats, there is a need to blend private sector capabilities with India's current internal security architecture. In this context, elaborate on the ways in which the private sector can contribute to strengthening internal security.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10 'Radicalisation in Jammu and Kashmir is driven as much by socio-economic factors as by external influences.' Discuss how education and youth engagement can play a role in countering radicalisation in J&K.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11) Outlining the key characteristics of the care economy, discuss how India can better integrate the value of unpaid and underpaid care work into its economic framework.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12 'The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) presents both unprecedented opportunities and significant challenges for India's labour market.' Examine. Also suggest strategies to align AI adoption with inclusive and resilient labour market outcomes.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 Why does India's agricultural export performance remain weak despite high production levels? What measures would you suggest to improve agri-export competitiveness?","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 \"The agricultural subsidy regime in the country needs reforms to address the distortions it causes.\" Comment.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 How can biomanufacturing transform today's consumptive manufacturing paradigm to the one based on regenerative principles? Also discuss how BioE3 Policy (Biotechnology for Economy, Environment, and Employment) aims to foster biomanufacturing in the country.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16) The future of digital innovation depends on self-reliant, domain-specific AI capabilities. In this context, bring out the key considerations in developing indigenous AI models and tools. Suggest measures to build an enabling ecosystem for AI innovation in India. What initiatives have been taken by the government in this regard?","15","250"],[41,"Q.19 Marine oil spills are a form of environmental disaster, with far-reaching consequences for biodiversity and coastal livelihoods; however, India's preparedness to prevent such incidents and mitigate their impact has significant gaps. Analyze.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 'The United Nations has declared 2025 as the International Year of Glacier Preservation.' Bring out the ecological and socio-economic significance of glaciers. What are the key challenges in preserving them? What measures have been taken at national and international levels towards preservation of glaciers?","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 What are the determinants of insurgency in the north-eastern region of India? What strategy should the Government of India, civil administration and security forces adopt to counter the threat in the affected areas?","15","250"],[50,"Q.20) Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have become an integral aspect of modern conflict and warfare, employed by both state and non-state actors. Discuss its implications for India's security architecture and state the measures being taken to address them. Also suggest other steps to tackle the threats emanating from UAVs.","15","250"]]},{"i":265,"t":"Ayush Pathak","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":2025,"r":215,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/AYUSH-PATHAKUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-215-Sample-MGP-Copy-4.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) 'Unconscious biases in parenting continue to shape gendered experiences in India.' Do you agree with this view? Discuss.","10","150"],[5,"b) Distinguish between empathy and compassion. Why are they considered as foundational values in public services?","10","150"],[7,"Q.2) a) The current society is witnessing rising levels of intolerance. What are the consequences of this situation for personal well-being and for societal well-being? What can one do at the personal level to become tolerant?","10","150"],[9,"b) What are the main components of emotional intelligence and how does it help an individual in taking ethical decisions?","10","150"],[11,"Q.3) Given below are the three quotations of great thinkers. What do each of these quotations convey to you in the present context?\na) \"This life is short, the vanities of the world are transient, but they alone live who live for others, the rest are more dead than alive.\" - Swami Vivekanand","10","150"],[13,"b) \"If you cry because the sun has gone out of your life, your tears will prevent you from seeing the stars.\" - Rabindranath Tagore","10","150"],[15,"c) \"Two ways of building character - cultivating strength to challenge oppression, and tolerate the resultant hardships that give rise to courage and awareness.\" - Sardar Patel","10","150"],[17,"Q.4) a) \"With great power comes great responsibility.\" In the present context, 'Big Tech' headquartered in developed countries wield disproportionate influence over digital infrastructure, personal data, and global narratives—often prioritising profit over ethical considerations. What ethical principles should guide such corporations in building a fair, inclusive, and just global digital framework?","10","150"],[19,"b) What do you understand by the term 'crisis of conscience'? Describe an incident from your life where you experienced such a crisis. How did you deal with it?","10","150"],[21,"Q.5) a) \"A politics of confession that encourages politicians and parties to confess and offer regret for their errors can surely be a cathartic experience.\" Examine the statement from the ethical point of view.","10","150"],[23,"b) What are the key objectives of the Right to Information Act, 2005? Examine the ethical concerns associated with certain provisions of the Digital Personal Data Protection Act in realizing the objectives of the RTI Act.","10","150"],[25,"Q.6) a) Public spaces serve as arenas of democratic participation and civic expression. Yet in India, they remain deeply gendered, with many women largely confined to the private and domestic sphere. Examine the factors that restrict women's access to public spaces. How can ethical governance help address the issue of gendered spatial control and promote inclusivity in public spaces?","10","150"],[27,"b) Write short notes on the following in 30 words each:\ni) Ethical fading\nii) Conflict of interest\niii) Persuasion\niv) Work culture\nv) Corporate governance","10 marks, 150","30 words each"],[29,"Q.7) A State Government in the northeastern part of the country has launched a series of anti-encroachment drives across forest areas, wetlands, and revenue lands. Under the directions of the Chief Minister, the administration has intensified efforts to reclaim public land, particularly in areas reserved for ecological protection and critical infrastructure development. Most of the time, these actions have been backed by court orders and have resulted in the recovery of thousands of hectares of land. However, in certain regions, the implementation of such drives is fraught with social and political complexities. In several districts, settlements have existed for decades and are inhabited by marginalized communities with limited access to legal rights or formal rehabilitation measures. These areas are often politically sensitive and influenced by local leaders and pressure groups.\nSimanta is posted as Additional Deputy Commissioner (ADC) in one such district. Over the past year, the district administration has attempted to align eviction measures with welfare outreach, including the provision of temporary shelters, relocation assistance, and public consultations. Recently, a major operation was scheduled to clear encroachments from over 140 hectares of forest land within a Reserved Forest, primarily to curb rising instances of human-elephant conflict and to restore ecological balance. Anticipating eviction, some residents approached the High Court seeking a stay. However, the court refused to grant it and directed the administration to proceed with the eviction following due process. Notices were served, and a detailed roadmap was prepared to carry out the operation, which was expected to last 2-3 days due to the scale and remote location. On the first day, Simanta led a team comprising forest officials, municipal workers, and police personnel. Demolitions were conducted peacefully and without major resistance. However, on the second day, when the team returned to the site, a large group of agitated residents—primarily women and children—had gathered. They raised slogans and formed human chains to prevent further evictions. The atmosphere grew tense when some individuals began throwing stones, resulting in serious injury to a municipal worker. The crowd grew increasingly volatile and emotionally charged, demanding an immediate halt to the operation. The police contingent present on the ground was outnumbered by the crowd. Faced with this crisis, some team members pleaded with Simanta to call off the operation, fearing threats to their life and the possibility of a violent escalation. Simanta attempted to contact his superior officer (the Deputy Commissioner), but due to poor mobile connectivity in the forested area, communication could not be established. Meanwhile, several local journalists had arrived and begun reporting on the incident. Simanta is in a dilemma as to what to do.\na. Evaluate the options available with Simanta to cope with the situation.\nb. Which of the above options would be the most appropriate for Simanta and why?\nc. What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by Simanta?\nd. Examine the qualities of a public servant which will be required to manage such situations.","20","250"],[30,"a. स्थिति से निपटने के लिए सिमंता के पास उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन करें।\nb. सिमंता के लिए सबसे उपयुक्त होगा और क्यों?\nc. सिमंता को किन नैतिक दुविधाओं का सामना करना पड़ रहा है?\nd. ऐसी परिस्थितियों का प्रबंधन करने के लिए एक लोक सेवक के गुणों का परीक्षण करें।\na स्थिति से निपटने के लिए सिमंता के पास उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन करें।\nb सिमंता के लिए सबसे उपयुक्त होगा और क्यों?\nc सिमंता को किन नैतिक दुविधाओं का सामना करना पड़ रहा है?\nd ऐसी परिस्थितियों का प्रबंधन करने के लिए एक लोक सेवक के गुणों का परीक्षण करें।","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[34,"Q.8) Megha is a first-year sociology student at a reputed college in the national capital. She is originally from Tadchiroli, a tribal village in a western Indian state. Megha's family migrated to the city when she was seven years old and had not visited their village since. Though Megha has fond memories of her childhood there, she never deeply understood the customs and traditions of the region. One day, Megha expresses her wish to visit Tadchiroli. Her father agrees and asks her to inform Ratan, her paternal uncle, who still lives in the village with his family. Megha informs Ratan and travels to the village during a semester break. Upon arrival, she receives a warm welcome from Ratan and his family. Later, Ratan invites her to attend a local festival. During the event, Megha notices that her cousin Rinki is missing. Curious, she asks Ratan's wife Ratna why Rinki is not at the festival. Ratna explains that Rinki is on her period, and as per tradition, menstruating girls must stay separately in small huts built specifically for the purpose. Locally known as 'kurma ghars', they are generally located on the periphery of the village, near a river or pond. She further adds that these girls are not allowed to enter the main house or participate in any social or religious activities. Megha is taken aback. She asks whether all women follow this practice. Ratna nods and says it has been the custom for generations. Even schoolgirls stay in these huts and miss classes during their periods. Ratna admits that many in the village, including herself, never questioned the practice. The explanation unsettles Megha. She finds it hard to believe that a natural biological function leads to such exclusion. Before returning to the city, Megha observes that even educated family members seem to accept and follow these customs. The experience leaves a deep impact on her. She starts reading more about menstrual taboos and their impact on women's health, dignity, and education. As a sociology student, she recognises how such traditions are linked to patriarchy and social stigma. She begins to reflect on what she can do at her level to improve the current situation, without alienating the community or disrespecting its traditions.\na. Suggest a course of action Megha can take to sensitize her village community without appearing disrespectful or confrontational.\nb. What ethical principles and methods should guide her actions while engaging with the community?\nc. How is menstruation related to human rights?","20","20"],[35,"a. मेघा द्वारा अपने गांव के समुदाय को असम्मानजनक या टकरावपूर्ण व्यवहार किए बिना संवेदनशील बनाने के लिए अपनाई जा सकने वाली कार्यवाही का सुझाव दीजिए।\nb. समुदाय के साथ जुड़ते समय उसके कार्यों को किन नैतिक सिद्धांतों और तरीकों से निर्देशित किया जाना चाहिए?\nc. मासिक धर्म मानव अधिकारों से किस प्रकार संबंधित है?","","20 अंक"],[39,"Q9 Gopal is an 80-year-old man living in a remote and an underdeveloped village in a Central Indian state. He had been residing in a small mud house for years. When he came to know about the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana-Gramin (PMAY-G), he saw a glimmer of hope for a pucca house in the last phase of his life. However, the village sarpanch and panchayat secretary told him that to be eligible under the scheme, he must first demolish his existing house so that during a site inspection, no structure would be visible at the location. Subsequently, Gopal demolished his shelter and began living under a bamboo tree. For nearly six months, he has been staying in the open, braving harsh weather conditions. During this time, he has repeatedly visited the panchayat office but has been told that his application cannot be processed as he lacks the necessary documents.\nYou are the officer-in-charge of implementing PMAY-G in the district. The case of Gopal reaches you through a prominent newspaper report. You personally visit him to understand the situation on the ground. After meeting him and listening to his account, you feel that he certainly needs support. Your enquiries confirm that he is truly destitute and living in a pitiable condition under the open sky. It is also established that he demolished his house based on a faulty interpretation of the scheme by panchayat officials. However, he has no documents to show that he fulfils the eligibility criteria under the scheme.\nNow you are in a dilemma. Including him under the scheme without the necessary documents would clearly be a violation of rules. But denying him support would be cruel and inhuman.\na. Can you think of a rational way to resolve this dilemma?\nb. Give your reasons for it.\nc. What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?","20","20"],[44,"Q.10 You are working as an Assistant Section Officer in the District Development and Panchayat Office. One day, one of your close colleagues approaches you in deep distress. She tells you that her father is suffering from a severe liver condition, and the doctors have clearly stated that he must undergo liver transplant immediately in order to survive. She shares that she has no health insurance, and the surgery would cost around Rs 15 lakh. You are aware that her husband passed away a few years ago, and that she also has a four-year-old son with special needs. Just a few weeks ago, she also lost all her savings in a digital arrest scam. As a widow from a lower middle-class family, her options are extremely limited. Although you feel deeply empathetic, you are unable to offer financial assistance, as you do not have the resources to help. A few weeks later, you enquire about her father's health. She informs you that the liver transplant surgery was successful and that her father is now recovering steadily. Relieved, you ask how she managed to arrange the funds. Hesitantly, she confides that the District Development and Panchayat Officer (DDPO) helped her. Moved by her situation, the DDPO facilitated the release of Rs 15 lakh from the fund allocated to a rural sanitation scheme. The implementation of this scheme had been put on hold for a year due to technical issues and pending site approvals. She explains that the amount was provided on the assurance of strict confidentiality and with a commitment to repay it at the earliest. She expresses deep gratitude for the DDPO's timely help, which she believes saved her father's life. She has already begun repaying the money and will continue to do so until it is all returned.\na Discuss the ethical issues involved in the case.\nb Examine the behavior of DPDO from an ethical point of view.\nc How would you react to the situation?","20","250"],[49,"Q.11 Nithin is the head of the Marketing Department at Pehnava Clothings Ltd., a reputed apparel manufacturing company with a strong global presence. Known for its professionalism and consistent performance, the company had earned a credible name in both domestic and international markets. However, the firm was going through difficult times. For three consecutive quarters, it had witnessed a steep decline in sales. This trend had raised serious concerns among the top management regarding the company's competitiveness, profitability, and long-term stability. To address the situation, the leadership decided to restructure the marketing division and bring in dynamic leadership. A senior marketing executive, Mr. A, was hired after a rigorous selection process. He had an impressive career record and was known for turning around sales performance in other firms and building strong brand identities. With high expectations placed upon him, Mr. A was seen as the key figure to steer the company out of crisis. Mr. A soon began delivering results. Within a year, the company's revenue had almost doubled, and its brand visibility had increased significantly. His bold marketing strategies, proactive outreach, and innovative campaigns received appreciation from various quarters within the company. His performance drew the attention of the top management. There were deliberations about assigning him a larger role within the company, with a focus on long-term business strategy. He was also being considered for an internal award for 'Excellence in Leadership and Innovation'. However, alongside professional success of Mr. A, Nithin began receiving troubling feedback about his conduct in the workplace. Informal reports indicated that he frequently made inappropriate comments about women. In addition, he regularly sent indecent messages via social media apps to all team members, including his female colleagues. Although no formal complaint was lodged initially, Nithin could sense tension within the team, and signs of discomfort were becoming increasingly apparent. Some employees even started avoiding direct interaction with Mr. A. Team morale and interpersonal trust were gradually eroding, but employees remained hesitant to speak openly. The matter escalated one evening when Mrs. X, one of Mr. A's team members approached Nithin. Visibly disturbed and emotionally shaken, she disclosed that Mr. A had repeatedly engaged in inappropriate behavior towards her. She added that Mr. A had been making undesirable advances towards her and had even tried to touch her inappropriately in his cabin. She urged Nithin to take appropriate action in the matter, or else she would have no option but to resign from her position.\na Bring out the ethical issues involved in this case.\nb What are the options available to Nithin?\nc Critically examine each of the options identified by Nithin.\nd Which of the options, do you think, would be more appropriate for Nithin to adopt and why?","20","250"],[50,"a. इस मामले में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों को स्पष्ट करें।\nb. नितिन के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\nc. नितिन द्वारा पहचाने गए प्रत्येक विकल्प का आलोचनात्मक परीक्षण करें।\nd. नितिन के लिए कौन सा विकल्प अपनाना अधिक उपयुक्त होगा और क्यों?\na इस मामले में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों को स्पष्ट करें।\nb नितिन के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\nc नितिन द्वारा पहचाने गए प्रत्येक विकल्प का आलोचनात्मक परीक्षण करें।\nd नितिन के लिए कौन सा विकल्प अपनाना अधिक उपयुक्त होगा और क्यों?","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[55,"Q.12) You are appointed as an officer heading the Air Quality Compliance Division of the Environment Pollution Control Board in Delhi-NCR. The region is witnessing alarming levels of air pollution, which typically worsen during the winter months due to various meteorological and anthropogenic factors. The situation has led to severe public health concerns, particularly affecting vulnerable groups such as the elderly, children, and those with respiratory illnesses. The Supreme Court has also raised serious concern over the deteriorating air quality in Delhi-NCR and has directed the administration to take immediate and effective measures to control pollution, especially during the winter months. Your jurisdiction has a large number of small and medium-scale industries that were granted environmental clearance over the years. These industries form the backbone of the local economy and provide employment to a significant number of migrant workers. However, recent inspections and air quality monitoring reports indicate that a significant number of these units are operating in violation of prescribed air emission norms. As part of targeted measures to curb air pollution, you issued notices to all identified polluting units, directing them to apply for fresh environmental clearance certificates from the competent authority. However, your decision triggered strong opposition from a section of industrial units, labour unions, and local politicians. Industrial owners argued that such action would lead to production shutdowns, financial losses, and shortages of their products in the market. Labour unions and workers also protested, fearing mass unemployment and livelihood insecurity. Local politicians and vested interests accused you of jeopardising the socio-economic stability of the region. You received representations from various quarters urging you to withdraw the notices and not initiate harsh measures, citing the interests of multiple stakeholders. Additionally, you began receiving anonymous threats, aimed at coercing you into reversing your decision. On the other hand, several of your colleagues supported your stance, encouraging you to act in the larger public interest. Several local NGOs and environmental groups rallied behind your actions, demanding the immediate closure of polluting units.\na. Under the given conditions, what are the options available to you?\nb. Critically evaluate each of the options listed by you.\nc. What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by you?","20","250"]]},{"i":266,"t":"Ayush Pathak","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":2025,"r":215,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/AYUSH-PATHAKUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-215-Sample-MGP-Copy-5.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) The increasing use of digital surveillance technologies for maintaining law and order is a debatable issue. Critically examine the statement from the ethical point of view.","10","150"],[5,"b) Knowledge and skills are important, but they must be grounded in ethical principles for true success. In this context, discuss the importance of ethics in education and the role of educational institutions in imparting ethical values.","10","150"],[7,"Q.2) a) How does persuasion help achieve a desired change in attitude? What are the elements of an effective persuasive approach?","10","150"],[9,"b) While scientific research drives technological progress and societal development, its funding often raises ethical questions. What ethical concerns arise from corporate sponsorship of scientific research, and how can these be addressed?","10","150"],[11,"Q.3) Given below are three quotations of great thinkers. What do each of these quotations convey to you in the present context?\na) “Where do the evils like corruption arise from? It comes from the never-ending greed. The fight for corruption-free ethical society will have to be fought against this greed and replace it with 'what can I give' spirit.” - A.P.J. Abdul Kalam","10","150"],[13,"b) \"The greatest glory in living lies not in never failing, but in rising every time we fail.\" - Nelson Mandela","10","150"],[15,"c) \"Your goodness is an impediment in your way, so let your eyes be red with anger, and try to fight the injustice with a firm hand.\" - Sardar Patel","10","150"],[16,"Why goodness is impediment?","",""],[17,"Q.4) a) What do you understand by the term \"Conflict of Interest\"? How does it manifest in the decision making by public servants? In what ways can it be minimized?","10","150"],[19,"b) \"In post-conflict rehabilitation, the pursuit of justice must be balanced with the need for reconciliation.\" Examine this statement in the context of addressing ethnic violence.","10","150"],[21,"Q.5) a) In the ever-evolving landscape of academic institutions, administrators must not only manage academic issues but also emotional and interpersonal dynamics. In this context, discuss the significance of emotionally intelligent administrators in higher education.","10","150"],[23,"b) \"The recognition of the horrors of nuclear weapons should compel nations to move towards meaningful disarmament. However, geopolitical interests continue to hinder genuine progress in this direction. What are the ethical considerations of nuclear states to pursue global disarmament, and how can the international community balance security concerns with the moral imperative of a nuclear-free world?\"","10","150"],[25,"Q.6) a) \"Probity in governance is an essential and vital requirement for an efficient and effective system of governance and for socio-economic development.\" Discuss the statement with examples.","10","150"],[27,"b) How can responsible and informed social media use be nurtured among children to make the internet a safer space for them?","10","150"],[29,"Q.7) Arushi is a young IPS officer known for her competence, integrity, and relentless dedication to challenging tasks. Recognizing her excellent track record, her superiors have chosen her to handle a sensitive assignment in a tribal-dominated district notorious for illegal bauxite mining. Here, the mafia mines bauxite from mineral-rich lands, transports it by truck, and sells it on the black market. This illegal operation thrives with the support of certain local officials and tribal musclemen who intimidate the local population and bribe select poor tribals to maintain control and silence.\nUpon assuming the new role, Arushi quickly grasps the ground realities and identifies the mafia's modus operandi, characterized by a series of devious tactics. Her inquiries reveal that several employees in her office are colluding with the mafia, forming an unholy nexus that enables these illegal operations. Determined to dismantle this network, she initiates strict actions, including raids on trucks transporting illegally mined bauxite. These actions significantly disrupt the mafia's operations, unsettling criminals unaccustomed to such resistance. Some office employees allegedly allied with the mafia inform the criminals of her determination to dismantle their operations, posing a serious threat to their profits. In response, the mafia adopts a counter-offensive strategy. Tribal strongmen and mafia operatives begin issuing direct threats to her, warning of severe consequences if the raids continue. Her family (husband and elderly mother) are stalked and placed under virtual surveillance, causing mental anguish and stress for them all. Matters assume serious propositions when a muscleman appears in her office and threatens that if she does not halt raids, etc., she will suffer the same fate as a predecessor officer who was killed by the mafia a decade earlier.\na) Discuss the ethical issues involved in this case.\nb) Identify and evaluate the different options available to Arushi under the given situation.\nc) Which option would she adopt and why?","20","250"],[34,"Q.8) The Siang Upper Multipurpose Project (SUMP) is proposed on a river in a northeastern state of India, a recognized biodiversity hotspot. Covered in dense forests, this region harbors a rich diversity of flora and fauna, including numerous endemic species. Although sparsely populated, the region's communities have livelihoods and cultural practices deeply intertwined with the natural landscape. Its ecological wealth has been preserved over the years due to its environmental significance and cultural heritage. Additionally, the Upper Siang basin holds immense strategic importance due to its proximity to international borders, offering potential leverage in regional security and resource management.\nThe SUMP aims to harness the river's energy for economic growth, proposing infrastructure that includes an 11,000 MW \"mega dam,\" power stations, and transmission lines that could transform the state into a renewable energy hub. Proponents argue that the project will boost the state's economy through power generation, employment, and enhanced infrastructure while also helping meet the country's clean energy targets.\nHowever, a local NGO has raised concerns about the ecological and social costs of SUMP. The project would require extensive forest clearance, which plays a crucial role in carbon sequestration. Additionally, experts warn that construction activities could disturb the region's delicate ecosystems. This may affect riverine biodiversity and increase the risk of soil erosion and sedimentation, with potential downstream effects on agriculture and water quality. Another major issue raised is the potential displacement and cultural impact on local communities. This could threaten their subsistence-based livelihoods and disrupt their way of life. Critics also highlight that the project may contradict India's commitments to sustainable development.\nDespite these concerns, supporters of the project argue that SUMP's strategic importance and clean energy potential cannot be ignored. Moreover, they emphasize the project's strategic location, which would strengthen energy security, reduce regional inequalities, and contribute to the country's long-term development goals. They argue that amidst rising energy demands, the country cannot afford to forgo such an opportunity, especially given the presence of hydroelectric projects across borders that could shift regional control over water resources.\n(a) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\n(b) In your opinion, which should take priority between development and conservation, and why?","","20"],[35,"(a) उपयुक्त परिस्थिति में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों का वर्णन कीजिए?\n(b) आपकी राय में विकास और संरक्षण में से किसे प्राथमिकता दी जानी चाहिए और क्यों?\na) उपयुक्त परिस्थिति में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों का वर्णन कीजिए?\nb) आपकी राय में विकास और संरक्षण में से किसे प्राथमिकता दी जानी चाहिए और क्यों?","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[39,"Q.9 Inside a busy city administration office, Joint Municipal Commissioner Keerthi, who also serves as the Public Information Officer (PIO), faces a challenging situation. Recently, an RTI application has been received, demanding details about public infrastructure projects initiated during her tenure. Upon reviewing the requested information, Keerthi discovers that certain decisions made regarding these projects were not entirely sound in hindsight. These decisions, although taken in good faith and after due diligence, failed to realize promised outcomes. There were other employees also who were party to this decision. The disclosure of this information could potentially lead to scrutiny and backlash against herself, the employees, and contractors involved. Known for her integrity and commitment to public service, Keerthi finds herself at a crossroads. The RTI Act has served as a critical check against administrative arbitrariness, ensuring transparency and accountability. However, she also observes a troubling trend. RTI applications are often used by vested interests and activists seeking personal gain rather than genuine public interest. Some activists even resort to threats or extortion tactics, undermining the integrity of the RTI process. She fears the requested RTI information could be similarly exploited. Moreover, the employees involved are requesting her to withhold the information. In navigating this situation, Keerthi weighs her options carefully.\n(a) Critically examine the options available to Keerthi in the above situation.\n(b) Which of the above would be the most appropriate for Keerthi and why?","20","250"],[44,"Q.10) Littering at popular tourist destinations has become a significant environmental and ethical concern in India. A recent incident highlighted this issue when tourists were observed throwing tissue papers and a cake box on the road after celebrating a birthday. When a local politely requested them to use a nearby dustbin just 5 feet away, the tourists dismissed the appeal, claiming no dustbin was available. The situation escalated when their driver threw a plastic bag into the adjacent valley.\n\nPublic reactions to the incident were divided. Some individuals commended the intervention as an effort to promote civic responsibility, emphasizing the need to protect fragile ecosystems like hill stations. Many argued that tourists must adhere to basic environmental ethics and that public spaces are a shared responsibility. Critics also highlighted the broader implications of such irresponsible behavior on the environment and local livelihoods.\n\nOn the other hand, the tourists involved accused those intervening of interfering in their personal affairs, claiming their privacy was being violated. The argument that the tourists were being publicly shamed through the viral video added another layer to the ethical debate. Many questioned whether posting such incidents online, even for a social cause, was appropriate or necessary.\n\nThe debate continues, with one side emphasizing the collective responsibility to preserve public spaces and the environment, while the other raises concerns about individual privacy and autonomy.\n(a) What are the ethical concerns associated with tourists littering at public destinations?\n(b) How can ethical tourism practices be integrated into policies to address issues like littering at tourist destinations?\n(c) Suggest a course of action that balances environmental responsibility and individual rights. Justify your answer.","20","20"],[49,"Q.11 You are the Operations Manager at a fast-growing technology startup, NexGen Solutions, known for its innovative projects and timely delivery. The startup’s environment is fast-paced, with tight deadlines and high expectations from clients and investors. Your current project, creating a cutting-edge AI based application, is critical for securing upcoming funding and partnerships. Your small, capable team includes four software developers and two project coordinators, with an equal number of men and women. Recently, the team has encountered major challenges. Priya, one of the female developers, has requested leave to care for her ailing mother. Meanwhile, another team member, Ayesha, is struggling to manage her workload along with caring for her infant child. As a result, other team members have taken on extra tasks, impacting their work-life balance and causing heightened stress. With the project deadline looming, tensions in the team have become visible. During a crucial project meeting, Karan, a senior developer, voices his frustration, saying, “Perhaps it’s not ideal to have team members who can’t fully commit during critical stages.” Karan’s remark triggers an immediate reaction. Neha, a project coordinator, finds his comment offensive and reports it to the Human Resources (HR) Department. She also hints that she might bring the issue to social media, which could harm the startup’s image. The HR Department, located at the company’s headquarters, investigates and recommends disciplinary action against Karan, emphasizing the importance of a respectful, inclusive workplace. Their recommendation puts you in a difficult situation. The project is already delayed, and losing a senior developer like Karan could jeopardize its timely completion. You are now faced with a complex dilemma. On one hand, it’s vital to address the inappropriate comment and ensure a respectful work culture. On the other hand, you must keep the project on track without further demotivating your team.\n(a) Discuss the ethical issues involved in this case.\n(b) As the Operations Manager, how would you deal with the given situation?\n(c) Based on the case study, discuss the challenges faced by women at workplace. How can such challenges be addressed?","20","250"],[54,"Q.12 Prateek Kumar, the Project Manager, is in charge of the construction of a highly anticipated highway that is expected to drive regional development. The project aims to enhance connectivity, boost trade, and create substantial employment opportunities. Given its importance, it has become a focal point for the ruling party, which is actively promoting it as a symbol of progress ahead of the upcoming state elections next year. The timely completion of the highway is crucial, as the Chief Minister is scheduled to inaugurate it upon completion. This has led to added pressure on Prateek and his team to meet the approaching deadline, which is set for next month.\nDuring a routine inspection, Prateek discovers that a particular stretch of the highway has been built with substandard materials. This section fails to meet the required safety and durability standards, posing a serious threat to public safety and lives. If left unresolved, the compromised quality could lead to accidents, undermining both the project's credibility and the government's promises for safe and reliable infrastructure. Concerned, Prateek raises the issue with the contractor, but the contractor downplays the severity, claiming that minor adjustments will fix the problem without causing major delays.\nIn a subsequent team meeting, some senior members suggest that Prateek overlook the quality concerns to ensure the project remains on schedule. They argue that the majority of the highway meets standards and emphasize the severe economic and political consequences of delays. With elections approaching, they stress the importance of the Chief Minister's inauguration as a key political event. They warn that any delay could damage the ruling party's image, harm its electoral prospects, and potentially have repercussions for the team and the organization.\nLater, the contractor privately approaches Prateek with a substantial bribe, urging him to ignore the issue and allow the project to proceed. The contractor justifies his actions by citing financial pressures and the need to complete the project on time. Prateek is an honest and upright officer, but he understands that addressing the problem would delay the project, making it impossible to meet the deadline.\n(a) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the case.\n(b) Under the given conditions, what are the options available to Prateek as the Project Manager? Critically evaluate each of the options.\n(c) What option should Prateek adopt and why?","20","20"]]},{"i":267,"t":"Banna Venkatesh","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2024,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/BANNA-VENKATESH-UPSC-2024-Rank-15-MGP-Sample-Copy-1-2.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) How will you explain that the Government of India Act 1935 was seminal in giving shape to the Indian constitution?","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Strengthening the National Commission of Scheduled Tribes (NCST) through various complementary mechanisms can go a long way towards mainstreaming the welfare of the tribals. Explain.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) In what ways does the preamble reflect the ideals and aspirations of the Indian Constitution? To what extent have these aspirations been realised?","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) How will you explain that Indian federalism is a happy mix of Unitarianism and confederalism?","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) Leveraging real-time data in policymaking has become indispensable for achieving good governance. In this context, analyse the role of e-governance in enhancing the effectiveness of developmental policies.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) Critically assess the role of microfinance in satisfactorily addressing the interconnected challenges of poverty and unemployment.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) What are the reasons behind the limited success of the co-operative movement? How can co-operatives be made more effective in fostering rural development?","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) The principles of accountability and participation are vital to ensure the smooth implementation of welfare schemes, ensuring their success in reaching the last mile. Examine.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9) The realization of a successful Asian century is premised upon stable India-China relations. Comment.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10 ASEAN serves the twin purpose of developing India's Northeast and augmenting the country's reach in the Southeast Asian region. Comment.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11 The tenets of independent judiciary, life-breath of constitutional democracy, stand perpetually undermined by the executive encroachment into the judicial domain. Discuss.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12) Highlight the shortcomings in the Representation of People's Act. Also, recommend corrective measures to make it more effective.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 Examine the role of the National Commission for Women (NCW) in protecting and promoting the rights of women in India.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14) Despite constitutional backing, urban planning and governance have given limited dividends on the ground. Enumerating the reasons for the same, suggest measures to ameliorate the situation.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 The role of the civil service is not limited to the mere welfare of the people but extends to the realm of upholding the spirit of the constitution. Elaborate.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16 The distinct characteristics of the Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) and the government create a unique symbiosis in improving the governance and developmental process in the country. Discuss.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17) Evaluate the efficacy of digital interventions in transforming the educational infrastructure of the country.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 Enumerating the challenges faced by the elderlies in India, discuss ways for mainstreaming the paradigm for geriatric care.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 India has a pride of place among the comity of nations with strong credentials in the arena of soft power. Identifying the key attributes of India's soft power, assess the extent to which it has been leveraged in India's foreign policy matrix.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 The latent potential of the India-EU strategic partnership is deterred due to a slew of factors. Elaborate.","15","250"]]},{"i":268,"t":"Bhavesh Jaglan","c":"Forumias","p":"Essay","y":2025,"r":128,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/BHAVESH-JAGLANUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-128-Sample-ESSAY-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"3. The philosophy that all creatures have a purpose needs due attention.","",""],[7,"(1) and (2) Through elaboration on two facets -\n(1) What are the benefits of giving due attention to this philosophy?\n(2) What are the perils of ignoring this philosophy?","",""]]},{"i":269,"t":"Bhavesh Jaglan","c":"Forumias","p":"GS1","y":2025,"r":128,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/BHAVESH-JAGLANUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-128-Sample-MGP-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1 \"Nalanda is a symbol of India's academic heritage and vibrant cultural exchange\". Elucidate with special references to foreign travelers' accounts.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) The period of Delhi Sultans witnessed the emergence of Indo-Persian culture. Discuss the statement with reference to developments in the fields of literature, art and architecture.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) Give a brief account of the contributions of early nationalists to the Indian freedom struggle.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4 The Vaikom Satyagraha marked a historic milestone in India's fight against social injustice, demonstrating the power of non-violent resistance in dismantling oppressive caste barriers. Explain.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) The Oslo Accords, once hailed as a landmark diplomatic achievement, failed to address key issues highlighting the challenges of achieving lasting peace between Israel and Palestine. Analyse.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) What are Northern and Southern lights? Explain the phenomenon and discuss their associated impacts on Earth's atmosphere and human activities.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7 Identifying the major automobile clusters in India, enumerate the favourable factors for the location of the automobile industry.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8 \"India's diversity is her greatest strength.\" In light of the statement, explain how diversity has enriched and strengthened Indian society.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9 Critically examine the effects of globalization on the youth in India.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10 The recognition of LGBTQ rights in India marks significant progress, but the journey towards full societal integration and acceptance remains arduous, necessitating a profound socio-cultural shift. Elaborate.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11 Throw light upon the importance of seals and sealings in the reconstruction of socio-economic and religious life of the Harappan people. Also explain why many of the known Harappan settlements are in semi-arid regions.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12 Describe the significance of the Dandi March (1930) as the starting point of the Civil Disobedience Movement. Also discuss the national and international reactions to the Dandi March and the Salt Satyagraha.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13) Give a reasoned account of the distribution of deserts across the earth with the help of relevant examples.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14) Discuss the impact of local winds on their associated regions, citing examples from different parts of the world.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 Rare Earths Elements (REE) are considered as 'Vitamins of Modern Industry'. In this context, bring out the multi-dimensional implications of uneven distribution of REE in the world.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16) Describe the various factors that influence ocean currents and discuss their multi-dimensional impact.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 Briefly explain the process of tide formation and differentiate between tides and waves.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18) While social media facilitates unprecedented connectivity and self-expression, it can also widen social crevices and fractures. In this context, examine the impact of social media on Indian society.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 The regionalism in India is both a response to the failures in addressing regional aspirations and as an assertion of socio-cultural identity in the face of perceived marginalization. Comment.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 Explain how traditional gender roles and responsibilities exacerbate the vulnerability of women to extreme heat conditions. Suggest strategies to mitigate these vulnerabilities.","15","250"]]},{"i":271,"t":"Bhavesh Jaglan","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2025,"r":128,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/BHAVESH-JAGLANUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-128-Sample-MGP-Copy-4.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) The Indian Constitution does not embody a strict separation of powers rather it introduces a system of checks and balances, with overlapping functions and interdependencies among the legislature, executive, and judiciary. Elaborate.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Recently, the Supreme Court has expanded the scope of Articles 14 and 21 to include the \"right against the adverse effects of climate change\". In this context, citing relevant case laws, discuss the role played by Indian judiciary in 'constitutionalization' of environmental issues.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) The Speaker's inclination to cater to party loyalties often undermines the dignity and impartiality of the office, eroding public trust in the legislative process. Analyse with the help of recent examples.","10 marks, 150","10"],[9,"Q.4) Assess the effectiveness of SEBI in fulfilling its envisaged role of regulating the securities market, ensuring transparency, and protecting investors' interests.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) The foundational strength of the Indian Constitution stems from its ability to integrate diverse socio-political perspectives. Elucidate.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) Parliamentary committees serve as vital tools for legislative oversight, ensuring accountability and transparency in governance processes. In light of the statement, examine the role of the Public Accounts Committee in establishing financial accountability of the executive.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) Without addressing the issues that hinder the full and effective participation of persons with disabilities in political and public life, the goal of achieving inclusiveness and their empowerment will remain unattainable. Analyze.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) What roles do community-based interventions play in enhancing access to preventive and promotive healthcare services in India?","10","150"],[19,"Q.9 The current composition of the UNSC, with under-representation and un-representation of key regions is detrimental to its legitimacy and effectiveness, underscoring the urgent need for reforms. Elaborate. Also, present a case for India's permanent membership in the UNSC.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10) \"The ongoing internal crisis in Myanmar is impeding India's Act East Policy.\" In light of the statement, discuss the measures taken by India to deal with the crisis and associated challenges.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11 \"The Basic Structure Doctrine, lauded for safeguarding the core principles of the Constitution against majoritarian impulses, is also criticized for enabling judicial overreach and disturbing the balance of power as envisioned by the Constitution.\" Elaborate","15","250"],[26,"Q.12) Enumerate the salient features of Representation of People's Act, 1951. In your opinion, what amendments are needed in the Act to further the cause of free and fair elections in light of contemporary challenges.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 The cooperative nature of Indian federalism is being increasingly challenged by emerging differences in Centre-State relations. Discuss. What steps can be taken to strengthen the cooperative spirit of Indian federalism?","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 Parliamentary privileges are fundamental for lawmakers to discharge their duties without undue influence. However ensuring the responsible exercise of these privileges is crucial for fostering public trust and ensuring the accountability of public institutions. Analyse.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 The Constitution of India provides several rights that empower the individual, yet it balances these freedoms with reasonable restrictions in the larger public interest. Discuss how constitutional restrictions on fundamental rights strike a fine balance between individual interests and societal interests. Also, mention the principles that are considered in evaluating the reasonableness of restrictions with reference case laws.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16) Self-Help Groups (SHGs) can play a crucial role in alleviating rural poverty by providing women with access to microfinance, enabling them to start small businesses and improve their livelihoods. Examine","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 Despite the implementation of numerous policies and schemes aimed at combating hunger and malnutrition in the country, their effectiveness remains limited. Analyse.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18) The true test of good governance is the degree to which it ensures accountability towards citizens and delivers on the promise of sustainable and inclusive human development. Discuss in the context of challenges to good governance in India.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19) As the principal judicial organ of the United Nations, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) provides a judicial mechanism for the peaceful resolution of international disputes. In this context, throw light on the structure and mandate of ICJ. Also, highlight the challenges it faces in fulfilling its mandate.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 Geopolitical shifts pose challenges to India-Russia relations, yet the relationship remains robust, driven by deep-rooted trust and a shared commitment to sustain a multifaceted strategic partnership. Analyse.","15","250"]]},{"i":270,"t":"Bhavesh Jaglan","c":"Forumias","p":"GS3","y":2025,"r":128,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/BHAVESH-JAGLANUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-128-Sample-MGP-Copy-3.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) Achieving inclusive growth requires a multidimensional approach that goes beyond economic growth. Discuss in context of India.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Examine the implications of the expansion of gig workforce on economic growth and employment scenario in the country.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) What is precision agriculture? How can precision agriculture help in optimizing crop production and resource management?","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) While MSMEs are the backbone of the Indian economy, they encounter various hurdles in their operation and expansion. Discuss. Also, suggest steps to support the growth of the MSME sector.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) Explain the significance of Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) in transforming India into a knowledge-based and innovation-driven economy. Also, mention various government initiatives aimed at strengthening the protection and enforcement of IPRs in India.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6 Gaganyaan mission is a landmark endeavour for India, marking significant advancements in space exploration and contributing to broader national objectives; however, overcoming the associated technical and safety challenges is crucial for its success. Analyse.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) What are the challenges in the safe management of e-waste in India? How can collaboration among multiple stakeholders help in sustainable e-waste management?","10","150"],[17,"Q.8 Define Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and mention its various stages. Also, highlight the significance of EIA in balancing developmental needs with environmental conservation in the country.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9 Integrated Theatre Commands shall bring jointness in operation, synergy of resources and enable armed forces in carrying out swift, effective, and decisive actions. Do you agree with this view? Justify your answer.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10) India's internal security dynamics is inextricably linked with the peace and stability in the neighborhood. Explain with special reference to instability on the eastern border.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11 The introduction of Goods and Services Tax (GST) was hailed as a transformative fiscal reform; however, the journey of GST has been a mixed bag of successes and challenges. Analyse.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12) Discuss the potential of food processing sector in addressing the issues of low value addition, high post-harvest losses and disguised unemployment plaguing Indian agriculture. Also, explain why the sector has underperformed despite its significant potential.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 Despite the government's ambitious targets, rooftop solar installations in India are hindered by multiple factors. Elaborate. How far do you think that PM Surya Ghar Yojana can incentivise the adoption of rooftop solar installations?","15","250"],[32,"Q.14) Agricultural marketing reforms are imperative for addressing market inefficiencies and boosting farm incomes. Analyse.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 Discuss the contribution of livestock sector to the rural economy and the empowerment of women. Also, highlight main challenges faced by the livestock sector in the country and suggest strategies to overcome these challenges.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16) Generative AI holds immense potential to transform various aspects of daily life, offering both benefits and challenges. Elaborate. What policy measures do you suggest to maximize its benefits and mitigate its risks?","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 Describe the major outcomes of the 28th session of the Conference of Parties (COP) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). What were the major engagements of India in this conference?","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 Explain the causes and impacts of landslides. Also, discuss the various measures to mitigate their impact, with a special emphasis on National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) guidelines.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 Left-Wing Extremism (LWE) is showing a downward trend but still affects many parts of the country. Highlighting the reasons for the continuance of LWE in certain pockets, suggest strategies to deal with this menace.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20) Analyse how the adoption of emerging and disruptive technologies for money laundering is adding new layers of complexity to an already intricate issue. Also, highlight the measures taken to tackle the problem of money laundering both at national and international levels.","15","250"]]},{"i":274,"t":"Bhavika Chopra","c":"Vision","p":"Essay","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/416d4-1217831_4514_bhavika_chopra_rank_25.pdf","q":[[5,"Write two essays, choosing one topic from each of the Sections A and B, in about 1000-1200 words each :\n1. You may have to fight a battle more than once to win it.\n2. In matters of conscience, the law of the majority has no place.\n3. He who opens a school door, closes a prison.\n4. Only in the depths of winter can we truly appreciate the warmth of spring.\n5. We cannot always build the future for our youth, but we can build our youth for the future.\n6. Copying is safe; innovation demands courage.\n7. The more we automate, the more human we must become.\n8. The pursuit of instant validation is creating a generation of restless minds.","125 x 2 = 250","about 1000-1200 words each"]]},{"i":277,"t":"Bhavika Chopra","c":"Vision","p":"GS1","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/20e28-1217831_2422_bhavika_chopra_rank_25.pdf","q":[[6,"1. The traditional theatre forms of India reflect the ideals and emotions of the society, and an individual's role in the community. Discuss with examples.","10","150"],[8,"2. Provide an account of the historical and architectural importance of the Sanchi Stupa. Also, discuss how it inspired the future architecture in India.","10","150"],[10,"3. Bhagat Singh made a real breakthrough in terms of revolutionary ideology, the goals of revolution and forms of revolutionary struggle. Elucidate.","10","150"],[12,"4. Bringing out the factors that led to the Meiji restoration, discuss its significance for Japan.","10","150"],[14,"5. It is believed that a nation is an \"imagined community\" held together by common beliefs, history, political aspirations etc. In this context, discuss what the basis of India as a nation is. Also, bring out the threats to the concept of Indian nationhood. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"6. State the key factors behind the growth of the pharmaceutical industry in India. Additionally, discuss its significance with regard to India's economy and public health.","10","150"],[18,"7. Discuss why the Bay of Bengal is more prone to cyclones than the Arabian Sea. Also, explain the reasons for the decrease in frequency of tropical cyclones during the Southwest monsoon season.","10","150"],[20,"8. Despite being destructive in nature, volcanoes are critical for the existence of human life on earth. Elucidate.","10","Answer in 150"],[22,"9. The existence of relative deprivation is an important aspect in constructing the argument for regionalism. Explain with examples. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[24,"10. If India is to realise the goal of 'education for all', the issue of rising cases of bullying and other forms of school violence needs to be addressed immediately. Discuss.","10","150"],[26,"11. Bring out the role played by the Ahom Kingdom in shaping the cultural and historical identity of North-East India, and discuss its legacy in contemporary times.","15","Answer in 250"],[29,"12. The capitalist class generally remained ambivalent in their support to the Indian National Congress until 1940s. In this context, analyse the varying positions of the Indian capitalists throughout the national movement. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[32,"13. Trace the evolution of the press in India. Also, discuss the instrumental impact it had during various stages of the Indian freedom struggle despite the repressive policies of the British.","15","250"],[35,"14. Highlighting the factors behind the formation of different types of deserts, give a brief account of the major landforms found in them. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[38,"15. Mountains are fragile ecosystems vulnerable to the adverse impact of climate change and other anthropogenic interventions. Illustrate with examples. Also, highlight the initiatives taken for their sustainable management. (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[41,"16. Discuss the reasons behind unsustainable management of sand resources in India. Highlighting its impact, enumerate the remedial measures taken in this context.","15","250"],[44,"17. Giving an account of the major lithium-producing countries, discuss the geo-political aspects of lithium production and its environmental implications. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[47,"18. The youth are capable of identifying themselves with a global identity and connecting with events and experiences outside their countries. In this context, discuss the impact of globalization on the various aspects of youth identity.","15","250"],[50,"19. As fertility rates decline in India, future demographic concerns center around an ageing population and a weak social security system. Discuss.","15","250"],[53,"20. With a significant proportion of India's population expected to live in urban areas by 2030, the welfare of the urban poor needs to take centre-stage in public policy. Discuss. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"]]},{"i":272,"t":"Bhavika Chopra","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2025,"r":25,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/BHAVIKA-CHOPRA-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-25-Sample-AWFG-Copy-1-1.pdf","q":[[2,"Q.1) Write a short note on the following:\na) Balfour Declaration\nb) Cuban Missile Crisis\nc) October revolution","10","150"],[3,"Q.5) Examine the philosophical, scientific, and rational advancements of the 14th-17th centuries in Europe and their direct role in catalyzing the Industrial Revolution.","15","250"],[15,"Q.6) The first world war ended in the Treaty of Versailles, in which Germany had to pay reparations and lost its productive coal fields.","",""],[16,"8. Clash of ideologies of axis and allied powers. (democracy v/s authoritarianism)\n1. Rise of USA as a superpower on the global stage. (entered WW II after Pearl Harbour attacks in 1941)\n2. Beginning of cold war - USSR and USA based on (communist v/s capitalist ideologies)\n3. Risk of de-colonisation process - independent nation states arose in South Asia\n4. Fall in the British Empire's hegemony\n5. Berlin stand off - east and west Germany partitioned\n6. myth of 'white man's burden' of civilisation busted.","",""]]},{"i":278,"t":"Bhavika Chopra","c":"Vision","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/28194-1217831_4511_bhavika_chopra_rank_25.pdf","q":[[6,"1. How does the Supreme Court's recent decision on Aligarh Muslim University's minority status affect the interpretation of Article 30 of the Indian Constitution? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[8,"2. The Supreme Court, in a recent verdict, prescribed a time period for the Governor's assent to state legislative bills. What are the implications of this judgment for cooperative federalism and legislative accountability in India? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[10,"3. Discuss the recent changes and initiatives related to cooperatives that aim to smoothen the tussle between the Centre and States in the cooperative sector.","10","150"],[12,"4. In recent years, use of social media and digital mobilisation by civil society has emerged as a powerful form of pressure politics. Examine its impact on policymaking and democratic accountability.","10","150"],[14,"5. How is Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) emerging as a business-led solution for addressing development challenges in India? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"6. Discuss how mechanisms like public consultations and Jan Sunwais in India impact governance outcomes.","10","150"],[18,"7. How effective have the National Action Plan for Drug Demand Reduction (NAPDDR) and Nasha Mukt Bharat Abhiyaan been in addressing substance abuse in India? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[20,"8. Rote learning and neglect of creativity in foundational education setup in India make it less ready for marketplaces that are now driven by Artificial Intelligence. Do you agree with this view? Substantiate your argument.","10","150"],[22,"9. Analyze the transformation of the G7 from a symbol of Western strategic unity to a forum marked by internal contradictions. How should India navigate this changing dynamic to advance its strategic interests? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[24,"10. Discuss the role of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in the development of developing countries. What are the key criticisms associated with its approach? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[26,"11. The 103rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 2019 has introduced a new dimension to the principle of affirmative action in India. Critically examine its implications for the broader goal of social justice. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[29,"12. The District Planning Committee (DPC) was envisioned as a key instrument to strengthen grassroots-level planning. How far has it succeeded in achieving this goal? Discuss the challenges faced by DPCs and suggest measures to make them more effective.","15","Answer in 250"],[32,"13. The restrictions imposed under Article 293 of the Constitution on State borrowing powers, though constitutionally valid, may hinder fiscal autonomy of States and disrupt cooperative federalism. Discuss in the light of recent developments. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[35,"14. Examine the tension between the right to contest elections and the need to uphold electoral ethics under the Representation of the People Act. Should there be a lifetime ban on convicted criminals? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[38,"15. To what extent has the Beti Bachao Beti Padhao (BBBP) scheme, launched in 2015, succeeded in addressing the declining child sex ratio and empowering the girl child? Suggest measures to enhance its impact at the grassroots level.","15","Answer in 250"],[41,"16 Self-Help Groups (SHGs) are emerging as vehicles of socio-economic transformation in rural India. Examine the role of government in scaling their reach and effectiveness.","15","250"],[44,"17. Despite economic growth, multidimensional poverty continues to persist in India. Analyse the underlying causes and discuss the measures taken by the government to address them. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[47,"18. India faces a paradox of food surplus and nutritional deficit. Analyse the structural reasons behind this paradox and suggest reform strategies. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[50,"19. India's timely response during the economic crises in Sri Lanka and the Maldives reflects its \"Neighbourhood First\" policy in action. Examine how Indian aid has impacted bilateral ties with these nations. What steps can further be taken to promote sustainable economic cooperation in the Indian Ocean region? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[53,"20. Discuss the geostrategic significance of Afghanistan for India in the context of continental connectivity and access to Central Asia. How has the altered political landscape post-2021 affected India's connectivity and energy corridor ambitions? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"]]},{"i":279,"t":"Bhavika Chopra","c":"Vision","p":"GS3","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/c8dfb-1217831_4512_bhavika_chopra_rank_25.pdf","q":[[6,"1. Analyse the factors that have contributed to India's inclusive economic growth in the past decade. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[8,"2. The Reserve Bank of India's surplus transfers offer the government much-needed fiscal space, yet they are not without challenges. Critically examine the implications of the RBI's surplus transfers to the government.","10","150"],[10,"3. To what extent was the first National Monetization Pipeline (NMP) able to meet its objectives? What are the objectives of the new Asset Monetization Plan 2025–30 as announced in the recent 2025 Budget? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[12,"4. Examine the major challenges hindering the Indian textile industry from achieving its full potential in the global value chain. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[14,"5. Why has India become increasingly import-dependent for edible oils despite being a major agricultural economy? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"6. Air accidents are low-frequency but high-impact events. Examine the disaster management protocols in place for aviation-related emergencies in India. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[18,"7. Chemical pollution poses a grave threat to human health and the environment in India. Discuss the key sources contributing to pervasive chemical contamination and evaluate the effectiveness of existing environmental laws in curbing this problem.","10","150"],[20,"8. Missile defence systems are becoming critical for national security in the face of evolving regional threats and advanced weapon technologies. Explain the working principle of missile defence systems. Critically assess India's progress in developing indigenous missile defence capabilities. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[22,"9. Despite multiple resolutions and initiatives undertaken by the United Nations Security Council (UNSC), its efforts to counter terrorism have achieved limited success. Discuss the reasons for this limited effectiveness.","10","150"],[24,"10. India practices a ‘multi-alignment’ approach in its cyber diplomacy. How does this posture strengthen India’s internal security while maintaining strategic autonomy? (Answer in 150 words)","","150"],[26,"11. While examining the shortcomings of the land reforms in the past, elaborate what land reforms 2.0 should look like. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[29,"12. As NITI Aayog completes 10 years of its establishment, critically examine its role in the planning and development paradigm of governance in India.","15","250"],[32,"13. What are the primary causes of limited formal credit penetration among the rural and unbanked populations in India? Comment on the effectiveness of Small Finance Banks in addressing this gap and advancing inclusive financial growth.","","250"],[35,"14. To what extent has the Production Linked Incentive Scheme for the food processing industry facilitated value addition, employment generation, and global competitiveness in India's food processing industry? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[38,"15. Waste circularity is emerging as a sustainable solution to India's mounting solid waste crisis. Discuss the key principles of waste circularity and the government's initiative in this regard. How effective have these measures been in fostering a circular economy? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[41,"16. Discuss the importance of integrating traditional ecological knowledge of India's tribal communities with modern disaster management frameworks. Mention two examples where indigenous practices have contributed to disaster resilience.","15","250"],[44,"17. CRISPR technology has rapidly advanced in recent years, with new tools and clinical breakthroughs. Highlight the recent developments in CRISPR-based gene editing technology applications. Discuss the opportunities and ethical challenges these advancements present for healthcare and society.","15","250"],[47,"18. A credible semiconductor ecosystem is pivotal for India's economic security as much as for national security. Analyse the strategic objectives, incentives, and institutional architecture of the India Semiconductor Mission (ISM). Identify the major risks that could derail its timelines.","15","Answer in 250"],[50,"19. Intricate inter-play of diverse factors has been the force multipliers for extremism in the North East. Discuss. Suggest a multilayered strategy to tackle the menace of extremism in this region.","15","250"],[53,"20 Despite recent steps towards inducting women into combat roles, their participation remains low. Examine the key challenges impeding the greater inclusion of women in the Indian armed forces. Also, suggest suitable measures to enhance their participation.","15","250"]]},{"i":273,"t":"Bhavika Chopra","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":2025,"r":25,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/BHAVIKA-CHOPRA-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-25-Sample-MGP-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) It is often said that politics and ethics belong to different worlds. What is your opinion in this regard? Justify your answer with illustration. Also, highlight the consequences of divergence between politics and ethics.","10","150"],[5,"b) \"Those who would give up essential liberty to purchase a little temporary safety, deserve neither liberty nor safety.\" In the context of this statement, bring out the ethical issues involved with creating a surveillance state for the sake of national security.","10","150"],[7,"Q.2) a) Family plays a prominent role in the value development of an individual. Elucidate. Also, examine the impact of the changing nature of families on children's moral development.","10","150"],[9,"b) Different individuals have different conceptions of patriotism. What does patriotism mean to you? Narrate in brief any two real-life incidents when you displayed patriotism","10","150"],[11,"Q.3) a) Moral behaviour is not only good for the community in which one is a part but also for the individuals who profess it. Comment.","10","150"],[13,"b) Discuss the important teachings of Swami Vivekananda. Bring out their relevance in the contemporary world.","10","150"],[15,"Q.4) a) \"Knowing yourself is the beginning of all wisdom.\" Discuss the importance of emotional intelligence in self-realisation. Do you think emotional intelligence can be learned?","10","150"],[16,"4. Aids in regulation of inter-personal and intra-personal relationship","",""],[17,"b) What do you understand by environmental ethics? Examine the ethical concerns in 'phase-down versus phase out debate' in the use of coal by developing countries.","10","150"],[19,"Q.5) a) \"Two things define you: Your patience when you have nothing and your attitude when you have everything.\" What roles do attitude and patience play in the personal and professional lives of civil servants?","10","150"],[21,"b) Gendered attitudes convert differences in sexes into discriminations. Examine the factors responsible for negative attitudes toward women in the Indian society. How can these attitudes be changed?","10","150"],[23,"Q.6) What does each of the following quotation mean to you?\na) \"Happiness is when what you think, what you say, and what you do are in harmony.\" - Mahatma Gandhi.","10","150"],[25,"b) \"The price good men pay for indifference to public affairs is to be ruled by evil men.\" - Plato.","10","150"],[27,"c) \"Whatever is begun in anger, ends in shame\" - Benjamin Franklin.","10","150"],[29,"Q.7 Consider yourself in Prahlad's position and answer the following questions:\na) How will you induce behavioral change to nudge people to move towards eco-friendly products?\nb) What factors will you have to consider while inspiring such a change?","20","250"],[30,"खुद को प्रहलाद की स्थिति में रखें और निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर दें:\na) आप लोगों को पर्यावरण-अनुकूल उत्पादों की ओर बढ़ने के लिए प्रेरित करने के लिए व्यवहार में बदलाव कैसे लाएंगे?\nb) इस तरह के बदलाव को प्रेरित करते समय आपको किन कारकों पर विचार करना होगा?","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[35,"Q.8 A gaming website dedicated to chess has gained popularity in recent times due to its online lessons and tips for improving skills in the game. You have recently started playing chess at the platform. The platform provides you analysis of your games and suggests areas of improvement. The online lessons have helped you improve your game a lot over a very short time. You are amazed at the ability of competing with players of all levels of skills from across the world. While testing and improving your chess skills on the platform, you have made friendship and acquaintances with many competitive chess players from different parts of the world. Recently, you have been encountering racial, religious and stereotypical remarks during the games from the other players. Initially you ignored such things as childish tactics by an opponent to distract you from your gameplay. Later you would try to engage with such people to dispel stereotypes. But increasingly such experiences are making you sad and bitter. Now you block such people as you encounter them. What started as a fun and stimulating experience for you has become a source of negativity in your life. In your discussions with other people, you come to realize that they have also experienced similar racial and religious slurs, and many people have left the platform to avoid the abusive experience. You also sense that this is not an issue specific to this gaming website but is part of the generally seen behaviour on social media. You used to consider online trolling as harmless puns that could not create actual harm, but after experiencing its dark side as a victim you are realizing its negative impact. Given this information, what are your thoughts on the following:\na) How should one deal with the issues of on-line abuse such as in the case above? What options are available to you?\nb) What values should guide online behaviour? Do these values differ from values governing offline conduct?","20","250"],[36,"a) किसी को ऑनलाइन दुरुपयोग के मुद्दों से कैसे निपटना चाहिए, जैसा कि ऊपर के केस अध्ययन में है? आपके पास कौन से विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\nb) ऑनलाइन व्यवहार को किन मूल्यों द्वारा निर्देशित किया जाना चाहिए? क्या ये मूल्य ऑफलाइन आचरण को निर्देशित करने वाले मूल्यों से भिन्न हैं?","20 अंक, 250 शब्द","20 अंक"],[41,"Q.9 You are working as Director (Human Resource) in a software company. Various factors such as economic slowdown in some of the major trade partners of India and disruptive technological changes like generative Artificial Intelligence require rapid adaptive measures from businesses to survive. The marketing department has reported that there is lack of demand for the services provided by your company in the market and business-as-usual scenario could spell doom for the company. Your company has decided to take a slew of measures to tread through a tough phase of the business which include technological rejuvenation of the company and streamlining the workforce. A significant number of employees in your organization are above fifty years of age and are finding it difficult to adapt to the new working conditions and the rapid upskilling required by the company. After proper training, the employees were subjected to a test, and a list was prepared of those who are above fifty years of age and who did not do well in the test. You have been told by the board of directors that they have plans to lay off approximately 25% of the employees. This is essential for the efficiency and survival of the company. You have been given a list of employees who are to be laid off and you have been told to communicate to them the decision of the company to terminate them.\na) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\nb) As the head of the HR department, what ethical dilemma do you face?\nc) Do you think that the company's decision is appropriate? According to you what should have been the ideal course of action in the given scenario?","20","250"],[42,"a) उपरोक्त केस अध्ययन में नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं?\nb) मानव संसाधन विभाग के प्रमुख के रूप में, आपको किस नैतिक दुविधा का सामना करना पड़ता है?\nc) क्या आपको लगता है कि कंपनी का निर्णय उचित है? आपके अनुसार दिए गए परिदृश्य में कार्रवाई का आदर्श तरीका क्या होना चाहिए था?","20 अंक","250 शब्द"],[47,"Q.10) Mr. A is travelling by road with his family to attend a marriage ceremony. His grandfather, who is the head of the family, is also travelling with him. On the way to their destination, all of them stop at a roadside restaurant for lunch. This is a well-known restaurant owned by one of the friends of Mr. A. The place is known for its tasty and hygienic food.\n\nHowever, the grandfather notices a picture on the wall of the restaurant and enquires about the religion of the restaurant owner. Mr. A's friend belongs to a religion different from his grandfather's religion. The grandfather has a negative attitude towards the religion of Mr. A's friend, and he insists that he will not eat in that restaurant. He demands that the entire family leave the restaurant immediately, as they are travelling for a happy occasion and eating at this particular restaurant will pollute them. Mr. A tries to calm down his grandfather and explain to him that religion has nothing to do with purity or pollution. He also reasons that several travel magazines have rated the restaurant highly, especially for its superior hygiene standards. Also, he points out that there is no restaurant in the way for the next 100 km, and it will be difficult for all to make do without food for that long. However, his arguments fall on deaf ears, and more specifically, his grandfather admonishes him for bringing the family to the restaurant despite being aware of the religion of the owner. Mr. A's friend feels insulted and discriminated against due to his religion. Mr. A's father is upset but refuses to say anything out of respect for the grandfather. The entire family is embarrassed by the attitude of the grandfather, and they are getting ready to leave the restaurant. Mr. A is confused regarding how he should act in this situation.\na) What are the various ethical issues in the above case study?\nb) Imagine yourself in the place of Mr. A. Evaluate the different courses of action available to you. What is the most suitable course of action?","20","250"],[48,"a) and b) a) उपरोक्त केस अध्ययन में विभिन्न नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं?\nb) खुद को श्री A की जगह पर रखकर कल्पना कीजिए। दी गई विभिन्न कार्यवाही का मूल्यांकन कीजिए। सबसे उपयुक्त कार्यवाही क्या है?","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[53,"Q.11) Based on your understanding of the above case study, answer the following:\na) Examine the importance of the adversity quotient in life, citing examples. How can the adversity quotient be developed?\nb) As a friend of Arun, what suggestions would you give to him to overcome the aftermath of the tragedy?","20","250"],[54,"निम्नलिखित का उत्तर दें:\na) उदाहरण देते हुए जीवन में प्रतिकूलता के महत्व की परिभाषा कीजिए। एडवर्सिटी कोटेंट (AQ) को कैसे विकसित किया जा सकता है?\nb) अरुण के मित्र के रूप में, आप उसे संकट के बाद के परिणामों से उबरने के लिए क्या सुझाव देंगे?","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[59,"Q.12 Nested in the lap of the Himalayas, Purabkashi is a town located on the way to major pilgrimage destinations. The town is traversed by a section of the Panch-Dham Road Project, whose objective is to improve connectivity to the five major pilgrimage centers in the region. The project aims to develop and widen nearly 900 km of national highways in the Himalayas, making journeys to these centers safer, faster, and more convenient. The project is being constructed at a very high cost and is expected to boost tourism in the region and reduce road accidents occurring in the hilly region. The project is also important from a security point of view, as these roads can act as strategic feeder roads that connect the border with the Army camps in the nearby areas. The roads may facilitate quicker movement of troops and supplies and can serve as a strategic asset in connecting the border regions. However, from the conception stage of the project itself, various NGOs have raised several fault lines regarding its environmental sustainability. It has been noted that the project may destroy about 690 hectares of forests, and an estimated 20 million cubic meters of soil need to be removed. Experts raise concern that such a high-impact activity may aggravate erosion and destabilize the slopes. Large-scale uprooting of vegetation can prove to be perilous for biodiversity and regional ecology. Indiscriminate blasting during road construction creates cracks in soil and rocks that may enhance the possibility of landslides and associated disasters in the future. In 2018, the project was challenged in the Supreme Court by an NGO for its potential impact on the Himalayan ecology due to felling trees, cutting hills, and dumping excavated material. The Supreme Court then constituted a high-powered committee that warned against widening the road by 12 meters. It had suggested that the widening stay between 5.5 and 7 meters. However, this recommendation by independent experts was opposed by government officials and ultimately sidelined. The worst fears of the local and scientific communities came true when about 40 workers got trapped inside a tunnel after the under-construction tunnel structure collapsed in Purabkashi. Overnight, Purabkashi became the talk of the country. The project was awarded to the contractor, PQR Enterprises. Mr. Vinay Kumar, who has experience completing many such projects in the past, was appointed as Project Director, overseeing the smooth completion of the project and monitoring the contractor's work. Mr. Vinay is known for his honesty and dedication. Prior to the mishap, he had successfully overseen this project to meet its timeline. But after the mishap, the higher authorities are privately requesting the project director, Mr. Vinay, to take responsibility for the mishap. To manage the growing resentment in the locality and nationwide, he is being asked to step down as project director. But Mr. Vinay feels that he is being unfairly blamed. To alleviate the pressure from the public, he is being scapegoated. The project had issues right from the conception stage, given the ecological fragility of the region. Various ecological experts and geological scientists think that the incident has exposed not only the project's vulnerabilities but also the lapses in the safe tunnel construction mechanisms carried out, like the failure to construct an escape tunnel. Several experts have pointed out this incident as a warning for future disasters, as now questions have been raised about the fragility of the Himalayas in sustaining massive infrastructure projects like the Panch-Dham project. The government, despite many voices against the project, is treating the incident as an isolated incident and moving on with the further construction of the project. There is a protest happening in the state with a demand by the people to consider the project's environmental consequences and also the operations of the contractor, PQR Enterprises, in the particular project.\na) What are the various ethical issues involved in the above case study?\nb) As the head of the Panch-Dham Project, what are the options available to Mr. Vinay? Analyze the advantages and disadvantages of each.\nc) In your opinion, between the twin objectives of development and conservation, what should be given more priority and why?","20 marks, 250","20"],[61,"a) उपरोक्त केस अध्ययन में शामिल विभिन्न नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं?\nb) पंच-धाम परियोजना के प्रमुख के रूप में, श्री विनय के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं? प्रत्येक के फायदे और नुकसान का विश्लेषण कीजिए\nc) आपकी राय में, विकास और संरक्षण के दोहरे उद्देश्यों के बीच, किसे अधिक प्राथमिकता दी जानी चाहिए और क्यों? (20 अंक, 250 शब्द)","20 अंक","250 शब्द"],[63,"3. 'Sunlight is the best disinfectant'","",""]]},{"i":275,"t":"Bhavika Chopra","c":"Visionias","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/c9647-1217831_2425_bhavika_chopra_rank_25.pdf","q":[[6,"1. (a) For effective corporate governance to take place in the coming years, why is it important to integrate the ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) metrics with the multi-stakeholder approach? What benefits can be accrued by such integration? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[8,"1. (b) In acts of corruption, the focus is often only on the demand side of the equation, on public officials who abuse their office for private gain. Frequently, the supply side is given less attention. Those who pay bribes are sometimes depicted as innocent parties and victims of extortionary practices of wily public servants. Do you agree that 'collusive corruption', in which there is a willing bribe-giver, is a formidable challenge for institutions fighting corruption?","10","150"],[10,"2. (a) The Citizens' Charters initiative was a response to the quest for solving the problems, which a citizen encountered, day in and day out, while dealing with the organisations providing public services. But the introduction and implementation of Citizens' Charters in the government of India has been difficult due to the old bureaucratic set up and the rigid attitudes of the work force. Discuss the major obstacles that have been encountered in implementing the Citizens' Charter initiative.","10","150"],[12,"2. (b) Quality of public service delivery is a major determinant of the quality of life of vulnerable sections in a highly unequal society divided along the lines of class, caste, religion, etc. In this background, do you think that public service delivery is efficient and sufficient enough to improve the lives of vulnerable groups in India? Critically examine.","10","150"],[14,"3 (a) What do each of the following quotations mean to you?\n(a) \"The wise man does not lay up his own treasures. The more he gives to others, the more he has for his own.\" - Lao Tzu (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"3. (b) \"If ethics are poor at the top, that behavior is copied down through the organization.\" - Robert Noyce (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[18,"3. (c) \"The end of law is not to abolish or restrain, but to preserve and enlarge freedom.\" - John Locke (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[20,"4. (a) Wealthy CEOs and founders of successful businesses around the world are increasingly pledging to give away their wealth in philanthropy. Do you think that such a move is sufficient enough to bring about a positive change in the society? Critically examine.","10","150"],[22,"4. (b) As organizations across the globe begin their artificial intelligence (AI) transformation, the leap into the AI era is expected to be more challenging than any technology that businesses have grappled with yet. In this background, discuss the concerns around fairness, transparency, and job security that may arise.","10","150"],[24,"5. (a) The emphasis of Swami Dayanand Saraswati on education, social equality, and ethical values continues to influence the socio-cultural discourse in contemporary India. Discuss with suitable examples.","10","150"],[26,"5. (b) Write short notes on the following in 30 words each :\n(i) Dedication to public service\n(ii) Non-partisanship in civil service\n(iii) Objectivity in decision-making","2 x 5 = 10","30 words each"],[28,"6. (a) Emotional intelligence may not be singularly associated with emotions or intelligence. It can also include a broad range of personality characteristics that might predict success in professional and everyday life. Discuss.","10","150"],[30,"6. (b) Traditional forms of state-led accountability, also characterised as vertical and horizontal channels of accountability, are increasingly found to be inadequate, and a myriad of multi-stakeholder and bottom-up citizen directed approaches have come to the fore, to supplement or supplant them. Discuss with illustrations.","10","150"],[32,"7 In the context of this case, answer the following:\n(a) What are the issues involved in this case?\n(b) What measures can be taken to reduce the negative impacts of such technologies? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[33,"With reference to this case study, answer the following:\n(a) What are the issues involved in this case?\n(b) What measures can be taken to minimize the negative implications of adopting such technologies? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[37,"8 दी गई स्थिति में:\n(a) रीना को किन दुविधाओं का सामना करना पड़ रहा है?\n(b) उसके पास क्या विकल्प हैं? प्रत्येक के गुण और दोष बताइए।\n(c) उसके द्वारा अपनाई जाने वाली कार्रवाई को रेखांकित कीजिए, साथ ही उसका औचित्य सिद्ध कीजिए। (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250"],[38,"In the given situation:\n(a) What dilemmas does Rina face?\n(b) What options does she have? Provide the merits and demerits of each.\n(c) Highlight the course of action she should adopt, along with justification for the same. (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[42,"9 You have recently been posted as a Nodal Education Officer in one of the districts, where mass cheating in examinations is a regular phenomenon. Media reports have shown parents and relatives scaling school walls and buildings to pass answer chits to students taking secondary school examinations in the district. Moreover, with the advent of new technological devices, cheating in examinations has become more sophisticated and exam rules are flouted openly. On investigation, it has come to your notice that these rackets are run by many school authorities, including exam invigilators who are mostly teachers, and they are hand in glove for profits. With a shortage of staff, invigilators threaten go on mass strikes if any action is taken. Conducting the exams, cancelling them on account of cheating and having re-exams are a loss of time and money for the government and this vicious cycle goes on.\n\nAs the Nodal Education Officer of the district, address the following questions:\n(a) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\n(b) How will you resolve the issues in the given case?\n(c) What long-term strategy needs to be adopted to deal with the menace of cheating in various examinations? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[47,"10 उपयुक्त जानकारी के संदर्भ में, निम्नलिखित पर ध्यान दीजिए:\n(a) प्रस्तुत प्रकरण में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दे कौन-से हैं?\n(b) महासागरों की संधारणीयता पर प्रतिकूल प्रभाव डाले बिना किसी राष्ट्र के आर्थिक विकास के दृष्टिकोण को कैसे प्राप्त किया जा सकता है? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250"],[48,"In the context of the above-stated information, address the following:\n(a) What are the ethical issues in the given case study?\n(b) How can the vision of economic development of a nation be achieved without adversely affecting the sustainability of oceans? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[52,"11 (a) आप एक जिला मजिस्ट्रेट हैं और यह क्षेत्र आपके क्षेत्राधिकार में आता है। दोनों पक्षों के लोग अपनी शिकायतें लेकर आपके पास आए हैं। आप दोनों दृष्टिकोणों में सामंजस्य स्थापित करने के लिए क्या करेंगे?\n(b) कार्रवाई के निम्नलिखित संभावित तरीकों के गुण और दोषों का उल्लेख कीजिए:\n(1) क्षेत्र के निवासियों के विरोध को नजरअंदाज करना और धार्मिक पूजा स्थल को मौजूदा नियमों के अनुसार बनाने की अनुमति दे देना।\n(2) नए पूजा स्थल पर भरोसा करने वाले हजारों उपासकों को निराश करते हुए, निवासियों से सहमत होकर निर्माण पर रोक लगा देना।\n(3) एक समझौते के रूप में, आपके द्वारा पूजा स्थल पर भवन निर्माण संबंधित अतिरिक्त नियमों को लागू किया जाना या डिजाइन में संशोधन पर बल दिया जाना। (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250 शब्दों में"],[53,"(a) You are a District Magistrate and the area lies in your jurisdiction. People from both sides have approached you with their grievances. What would you do to reconcile the two points of view?\n(b) Mention the merits and demerits of the following potential courses of action:\n(1) Ignore the opposition from the residents of the area and allow the place of religious worship to be built in accordance with the existing regulations.\n(2) Prohibit the construction, agreeing with the residents while causing distress among the thousands of worshippers counting on the new place of worship.\n(3) As a compromise, you place additional building regulations on the worship place or insist on modifications to the design. (Answer in 250 words)\na) You are a District Magistrate and the area lies in your jurisdiction. People from both sides have approached you with their grievances. What would you do to reconcile the two points of view?\nb) Mention the merits and demerits of the following potential courses of action:\n1) Ignore the opposition from the residents of the area and allow the place of religious worship to be built in accordance with the existing regulations.\n2) Prohibit the construction, agreeing with the residents while causing distress among the thousands of worshippers counting on the new place of worship.\n3) As a compromise, you place additional building regulations on the worship place or insist on modifications to the design.","","250"],[57,"12 You are a public representative, elected on the ticket of a political party, considered as conservative by many. Your daughter, who has returned years after studying abroad, has conveyed to you her choice of marrying a person from another community. You personally do not consider anything wrong in her choice, and convey your assent to her. You also discuss it with many among your friends and family, and inform them of a grand wedding ceremony you are planning for your daughter. However, a few days after you have shared the news of the forthcoming grand wedding with many, you are informed by your political secretary about an issue being made of the same. He informs you that there are whispers among many people in your constituency about it, and indications of a sense of unease among some prominent citizens. While most of them are enamoured by your plans for a grand wedding ceremony for your daughter, they are unhappy about the bridegroom being from another community. You also get to know through your sources in the party, that your assent to the choice of the bridegroom may lead to a denial of ticket by the high command in the forthcoming elections. You are not only an ambitious politician and a rising star in your political party but also an open-minded, loving and doting father. But howsoever much you love your daughter's freedom and choices, you do not want her decision to adversely affect your political journey. This is more so, when you had been eagerly looking forward to greater responsibilities and a higher stature in the party, given the years of hardwork you have put in, as a politician. Your daughter, on the other hand, is firm with her choice and does not want her impending grand wedding to be affected in any way.\n(a) उपयुक्त प्रकरण में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दे कौन-से हैं?\n(b) एक पिता और एक महत्वाकांक्षी राजनीतिज्ञ के रूप में आपके पास उपलब्ध विभिन्न विकल्प क्या हैं?\n(c) आपकी कार्रवाई का तरीका क्या होगा? उचित तर्क सहित पुष्टि कीजिए। (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250"],[58,"Given this situation, answer the following:\n(a) What are the ethical issues in the above situation?\n(b) What are the various options that you have, as a father and an ambitious politician?\n(c) What will be your course of action? Justify with proper reasoning. (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"]]},{"i":276,"t":"Bhavika Chopra","c":"Visionias","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/36644-1217831_4513_bhavika_chopra_rank_25.pdf","q":[[6,"1. (a) Compassion is the courageous choice to feel another's suffering as one's own, and to act upon it, even when silence is safer and indifference is easier. Examine the significance of compassion as an essential ethical value for civil servants in India. Illustrate your answer with suitable examples.","10","150"],[8,"1. (b) Marriages in India are transitioning from traditional sacramental unions to more autonomous relationships, reflected in live-in relationships and rising divorce rates. Discuss the ethical dimensions of these changes.","10","Answer in 150"],[10,"2. (a) While accountability often necessitates documentation, an overemphasis on bureaucratic procedures and excessive paperwork can inadvertently silence the very voices that public policy intends to empower, particularly at the grassroots. Examine the above statement with suitable illustrations.","10","150"],[12,"2. (b) The principle of impartiality may conflict with the need for compassion towards marginalized communities. Discuss in the context of civil services in India.","10","150"],[14,"3 (a) What do each of the following quotations mean to you?\n \"The strength of a nation derives from the integrity of the home.\" - Confucius (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"3. (b) \"Act only according to that maxim through which you can at the same time will that it become a universal law.\" - Immanuel Kant (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[18,"3. (c) \"We are not only responsible for what we do, but also for what we fail to do\" - Molière. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[20,"4. (a) Patriotism encourages ethical questioning, while nationalism often suppresses it. Discuss this statement in light of the formation of political attitudes during high-pressure national events. How can individuals develop moral attitudes that balance national interest with ethical reasoning?","10","150"],[22,"4. (b) Discuss how employee well-being and fairness can be balanced with efficiency and profitability in private organisations.","10","150"],[24,"5. (a) Do you agree that excessive use of social media and emerging AI technologies may lead to a decline in emotional regulation and moral sensitivity among adolescents? Justify your answer.","10","150"],[26,"5. (b) In light of the increasing incidents of suicides among students in India, discuss how Emotional Intelligence (EI) can aid in managing stress and emotional challenges.","10","150"],[28,"6. (a) In public service, emotional intelligence is not about suppressing emotion, but mastering its purpose — to connect, to de-escalate, and to uplift others with empathy and strength. Do you agree with this view? Discuss.","10","150"],[30,"6. (b) An efficient work culture is built not only on rules, but on shared values. In this context, evaluate the role of leadership and team dynamics in transforming work culture within an organization.","10","150"],[32,"7 You are posted as the Joint Secretary in the Department of Information Technology of a state. The government recently implemented several citizen-centric digital services, collecting large volumes of personal data from residents. The Digital Personal Data Protection (DPDP) Act, 2023, requires that such data be processed only with explicit and informed consent, and mandates that processing must cease immediately upon withdrawal of consent.\n\nDuring an internal audit, you discover that the department continues to process and analyze personal data of several citizens even after they have formally withdrawn their consent. This data is being used for policy analytics and service improvement, purposes not explicitly disclosed at the time of data collection. When you bring this to the attention of your department head, you are informed that halting the processing will disrupt ongoing digital initiatives and may affect state-level performance metrics. Moreover, you find that the consent withdrawal process is cumbersome, and many citizens are unaware of their rights under the DPDP Act.\n\nYou also learn that a prominent social activist is planning to file a complaint with the Data Protection Board against involuntary use of personal data, which could attract public scrutiny and legal action against the department.\n(a) Identify and discuss the ethical issues involved in this case.\n(b) What are the potential consequences for the department if the issue is not addressed transparently?\n(c) How would you balance the need for efficient public service delivery with the obligation to protect citizens' data rights? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[37,"8 You are an IAS officer, currently serving as the Secretary of the Public Works Department in a hill state. Recently, a disturbing incident has come to light involving a senior Cabinet Minister and two engineers of the National Highways Authority of India (NHAI). During an inspection of a critical highway project, the Minister was allegedly seen on video physically assaulting and verbally abusing the engineers in full public view. The video, recorded by bystanders, went viral on social media and was widely covered by television channels, sparking both outrage and support from different sections of society. The Minister later defended his actions, alleging that the officials were corrupt, unresponsive to local grievances, and responsible for inordinate delays in the project. He insisted that his actions were driven by public frustration and the urgency of delivering infrastructure to a remote region. However, the engineers have filed a police complaint and written to their superiors, claiming they were targeted for resisting political pressure to award contracts to specific local contractors linked to the Minister. As the situation escalated, a union of NHAI engineers declared a strike.\n(a) इस प्रकरण में शामिल प्रमुख नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं? हितधारकों और उनके परस्पर विरोधी हितों की पहचान कीजिए।\n(b) लोक निर्माण विभाग के सचिव के रूप में, आप उपयुक्त स्थिति में क्या कार्रवाई करेंगे?\n(c) ऐसी घटनाएं सिविल सेवकों के मनोबल और शासन में जनता के विश्वास को कैसे प्रभावित करती हैं? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250"],[38,"(a) What are the key ethical issues involved in this situation? Identify the stakeholders and their conflicting interests.\n(b) As the Secretary of the PWD, what actions will you take in above situation?\n(c) How do such incidents affect the morale of civil servants and public trust in governance? (Answer in 250 words)\na) What are the key ethical issues involved in this situation? Identify the stakeholders and their conflicting interests.\nb) As the Secretary of the PWD, what actions will you take in above situation?\nc) How do such incidents affect the morale of civil servants and public trust in governance?","20","250"],[42,"9. You are the Secretary in the Department of Personnel and Training (DoPT), Government of India. In recent years, an increasing number of civil servants, particularly younger officers from the IAS, IPS, and IRS, have begun maintaining personal YouTube channels and social media pages. On these platforms, they regularly post videos related to their official work — showcasing innovative projects, public outreach initiatives, inspection drives, and sometimes even day-to-day administrative duties.\n\nThese videos often receive widespread public attention, and many viewers express admiration, saying such content enhances transparency, motivates aspirants, and humanizes the bureaucracy. However, concerns have also emerged from various quarters. Senior officers argue that such content may blur the boundaries between personal branding and public service, while some citizens and media commentators point to instances where videos feature vulnerable beneficiaries without consent, raise concerns about misuse of official premises, or seem designed more for personal popularity than public accountability.\n\nYou have been asked to prepare a report, including recommendations with regard to maintaining a balance between public interest, institutional integrity, and evolving modes of communication.\n(a) Identify the ethical issues involved in civil servants publicly showcasing their official work on social media platforms.\n(b) Do such efforts promote awareness and inspiration, or do they compromise anonymity, neutrality, and the spirit of public service? Give your opinion.\n(c) As Secretary, what guiding principles and ethical disciplines would you suggest to ensure responsible digital engagement by civil servants? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[43,"You have been asked to prepare a report with recommendations to balance public interest, institutional integrity, and evolving modes of communication.\n(a) Identify the ethical issues involved in civil servants publicly showcasing their official work on social media.\n(b) Do such practices promote awareness and motivation, or do they compromise the values of anonymity, neutrality, and collective service ethos? Give your opinion.\n(c) As the Secretary, what guiding principles and policy recommendations would you suggest to ensure responsible digital engagement by civil servants?","20","Answer in 250"],[47,"(a) (b) (c) You are the Director of the National Bioethics Commission who is responsible for assessing the ethical feasibility and oversight of a nationwide gene sequencing program. The project named GeneFuture, aims to sequence the DNA of every newborn child and store it in a centralized national database. The objective is to identify genetic predispositions to serious diseases early in life, allowing for preventive treatment and personalized medicine. Over 100,000 babies have already been enrolled in the pilot phase of the program. The government claims that this move is a landmark step in public health advancement.\n\nHowever, collection of newborn genetic data raises significant ethical concerns, particularly around informed consent, which may not fully capture parents' understanding of the long-term risks involved. Once gathered, this sensitive data could be misused for purposes such as surveillance, insurance discrimination, or commercial marketing by third parties. Uncertainty over data ownership—whether it lies with the state, parents, or the individual as they mature—further complicates the issue. The involvement of private tech and pharmaceutical companies heightens fears of commercial exploitation, especially in the absence of clear mechanisms for individuals to withdraw consent or delete their genetic information upon reaching adulthood.\n(a) What are the ethical issues you perceive in the implementation of the GeneFuture program?\n(b) Identify the conflicting interests of different stakeholders in this case.\n(c) What guiding ethical principles would you recommend for implementation of this project? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[52,"11 You are a dedicated District Health Officer (DHO) with a strong commitment to evidence-based public health practices, recently assigned to a remote district in India. Your immediate and most critical task is to lead a crucial district-wide Measles-Rubella (MR) vaccination drive, aimed at achieving 100% immunization coverage among children aged 9 months to 15 years. The success of this drive is vital for the collective health of thousands of children and for the district's overall health indicators, especially with the impending monsoon season posing additional health challenges.\n\nHowever, in one of the largest and most traditional villages in your district, you encounter formidable resistance. The villagers, deeply influenced by the pronouncements of a revered local\n(a) उपयुक्त प्रकरण में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\n(b) इस विरोध को शांत करने के लिए आपके पास तत्काल क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\n(c) अंधविश्वास के व्यापक प्रभाव को दूर करने और संधारणीय लोक स्वास्थ्य परिणामों हेतु वैज्ञानिक सोच को बढ़ावा देने के लिए आप कौन-सी दीर्घकालिक रणनीतियाँ और प्रणालीगत सुधारों का सुझाव देंगे? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250"],[53,"(a) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the above case.\n(b) What are the immediate options available to you to overcome this resistance?\n(c) What long-term strategies and systemic reforms would you suggest to address the pervasive influence of superstition and foster a scientific temperament for sustainable public health outcomes? (Answer in 250 words)\na) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the above case.\nb) What are the immediate options available to you to overcome this resistance?\nc) What long-term strategies and systemic reforms would you suggest to address the pervasive influence of superstition and foster a scientific temperament for sustainable public health outcomes?","20","250"],[57,"2 (a) आपके समक्ष विद्यमान संभावित प्रशासनिक और नैतिक दुविधाएं क्या हैं?\n(b) आपके लिए उपलब्ध सभी विकल्पों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\n(c) आप अपने निर्णय का नैतिक औचित्य सिद्ध करते हुए कौन-सी व्यापक कार्यवाही करेंगे? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)\na) आपके समक्ष विद्यमान संभावित प्रशासनिक और नैतिक दुविधाएं क्या हैं?\nb) आपके लिए उपलब्ध सभी विकल्पों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\nc) आप अपने निर्णय का नैतिक औचित्य सिद्ध करते हुए कौन-सी व्यापक कार्यवाही करेंगे? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250 शब्दों में"],[58,"(a) What are the potential administrative and ethical dilemmas you face? (b) Discuss all options available to you. (c) What comprehensive course of action would you choose to adopt, providing ethical justification for your decision? (Answer in 250 words)\na) What are the potential administrative and ethical dilemmas you face?\nb) Discuss all options available to you.\nc) What comprehensive course of action would you choose to adopt, providing ethical justification for your decision?","","250"]]},{"i":280,"t":"Bhoomika Jain","c":"Forumias","p":"Essay","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/BHOOMIKA_JAINUPSC_IAS_2025_Toppers_AIR_331_Sample_ESSAY_COPY_2.pdf","q":[[3,"1. In everything, there is a share of everything","",""],[16,"3. Art will change society faster than politics.","",""],[27,"\"The world is a stage where every man must play his part.\" What would your part be?","",""]]},{"i":281,"t":"Bhoomika Jain","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/BHOOMIKA_JAINUPSC_IAS_2025_Toppers_AIR_331_Sample_MGP_COPY_1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1 To what extent, in your opinion, have the ideals of the Preamble been realised in the country's 75-year constitutional journey?","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) The evolution of property rights in India reflects an intricate relationship that exists between individual rights and public welfare. Discuss this statement with the help of relevant constitutional provisions and case laws.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) Under what conditions can the 'National' Emergency be proclaimed by the President of India? What are the consequences when such a proclamation remains in force? When was it last imposed in the country?","10","150"],[9,"Q.4 'Lack of a binding framework for pre-legislative consultations in India limits citizen engagement in the lawmaking.' Propose measures to strengthen the role of public consultation in the legislative process.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) 'The recommendations of the 15th Finance Commission have enabled the States to improve their fiscal conditions. Comment.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) In what ways do industry and business associations contribute to socio-economic development in the country? Explain with suitable examples.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) \"India's poverty lies in the eyes of the beholder.\" In light of this statement, examine the need for a credible and periodically updated poverty estimation framework in the country.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) The Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act, 2012 falls short of achieving its intended objectives. Comment.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9 'Starved of funds, shackled by geopolitics, WHO is facing a crisis of capacity and credibility.' Discuss the statement in the light of USA's withdrawal and its accusation of the health body of being biased towards China and mishandling the COVID-19 pandemic.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10 The world continues to operate in a 'my terrorist' versus 'your terrorist' paradigm. Explain. What strategies would you suggest to develop a unified, comprehensive, and rules-based global approach to tackle the menace of terrorism?","10","150"],[23,"Q.11 Briefly explain the procedure laid down in the Representation of the People Act (RPA), 1951 for the registration of political parties with the Election Commission of India (ECI). What are Registered Unrecognised Political Parties (RUPPs)? What concerns are associated with them? Does the ECI have powers to de-register a political party?","15","250"],[26,"Q.12) Assess the role of NITI Aayog over the past decade in promoting cooperative and competitive federalism.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 'The post of Deputy Speaker goes beyond ceremonial significance and is indispensable to Indian parliamentary democracy.' Discuss with relevant constitutional provisions and conventions. Also, examine the implications of the prolonged vacancy of the Deputy Speaker's post.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14) Is the growing demand for stricter regulation of online content justified, or does it pose a threat to the right to freedom of speech and expression? Examine in light of recent judicial pronouncements.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 Critically examine the 'in-house procedure' adopted by the Apex Court to inquire into allegations of misconduct against judges of constitutional courts in India.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16 Recent controversies over alleged malpractices in the electoral rolls have renewed demands for the mandatory linkage of Aadhaar with Voter ID. What is your opinion? Give reasons in support of your answer.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 Lateral entry into civil services is seen as a reformative step, yet it continues to attract criticism and controversy. Discuss.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18) While rankings aim to benchmark the performance of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs), concerns remain about whether current ranking frameworks reflect the broader goals of education. Suggest measures to make the ranking system more objective, inclusive, and aligned with educational and societal outcomes.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 Examine the factors behind the growing salience of the Arctic region in international politics. Discuss, in this context, strategies for India to recalibrate its Arctic engagement.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 Bangladesh is a key pillar of India's Neighborhood First policy, but recent developments on both sides threaten to disrupt the 'Sonali Adhyay' in bilateral relations. Analyze.","15","250"]]},{"i":282,"t":"Bhoomika Jain","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/BHOOMIKA_JAINUPSC_IAS_2025_Toppers_AIR_331_Sample_MGP_COPY_2.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1 \"India's democratic roots are deeply embedded in its ancient civilizational ethos.\" Discuss in the context of India being referred to as the 'Mother of Democracy'.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2 Elucidate the significance of tiger and elephant figures in Indian mythology, art and architecture.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3 The arrival of Lord William Bentinck marked a period of transformation in the British Indian State. Discuss.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4 Explain how the American War of Independence deprived Great Britain of one empire, but it strengthened the foundations of another.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) What are Rare Earth Elements (REEs)? Discuss the multi-dimensional implications of uneven distribution of REEs in the world.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) Highlight the salient differences between the Himalayan and the Peninsular drainage Systems.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) Describe the nature and mode of origin of the main types of rock at the earth's crust.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8 The alienation of modern lifestyles from nature has contributed to the ongoing environmental crisis in India. Examine.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9) What do you understand by the term urbanisation of poverty? Also, explain how urban poverty differs from rural poverty in India?","10","150"],[21,"Q.10) Globalization has redefined the idea of community and kinship in Indian society. Do you agree? Justify your answer.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11 The flourishing of various art forms during the Kushana period reflects the rich and diverse cultural landscape of the time. What insights does this provide into the socio-cultural aspects of that era?","15","250"],[26,"Q.12) Trace the events that led to the Civil Disobedience Movement. What were its outcomes?","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 Mahatma Jyotirao Phule's reformist ideas played a significant role in shaping the social foundations of the Indian freedom movement. Elaborate.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 The interlinking of rivers offers several benefits, but also raises significant socio-economic and environmental concerns. Analyze.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 Explain the concept of rain shadow effect. How does it influence the distribution of precipitation and vegetation across mountain ranges?","15","250"],[38,"Q.16 Bring out the major features of the Indian monsoon and elaborate upon its causative factors.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 What are the geographical factors responsible for the growth of mangrove vegetation in India? Also highlight its role in coastal ecology.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 To what extent can the rise of 'Kidfluencers' be seen as a reflection of changing family structures and parental aspirations in Indian society?","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 Women often form the backbone of grassroots movements in India, yet they remain largely invisible and excluded from the decision-making process. Examine.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 Do you agree with the view that social media is a ‘double edged sword’? Discuss in the context of its impact on Indian society.","15","250"]]},{"i":283,"t":"Bhoomika Jain","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/BHOOMIKA_JAINUPSC_IAS_2025_Toppers_AIR_331_Sample_MGP_COPY_3.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) Rising influence of money power in Indian elections poses a serious challenge to transparency, fairness, and democratic accountability. How can ethical electoral funding be ensured to maintain the integrity of democracy?","10","150"],[5,"b) Explain the key dimensions of ethics that influence human behaviour. How do these dimensions shape ethical decision-making in private life?","10","150"],[7,"Q.2) a) \"Academic freedom is the bedrock of scholarly inquiry and intellectual progress.\" Examine the ethical issues that arise when educational institutions yield to political, social, or economic pressures and compromises academic freedom.","10","150"],[9,"b) Fortitude enables a civil servant to make difficult yet morally right decisions. Explain with reference to real-life examples.","10","150"],[11,"Q.3) Given below are the three quotations of great thinkers. What do each of these quotations convey to you in the present context?\na) \"When learning is purposeful, creativity blossoms. When creativity blossoms, thinking emanates. When thinking emanates, knowledge is fully lit. When knowledge is lit, the economy flourishes.\" - Abdul Kalam","10","150"],[13,"b) \"The difference between what we do and what we are capable of doing would suffice to solve most of the world's problems.\" - Mahatma Gandhi","10","150"],[15,"c) \"Love and compassion are necessities, not luxuries. Without them, humanity cannot survive.\" - Dalai Lama","10","150"],[17,"Q.4) a) What do you understand by the term 'probity in governance'? Explain how probity acts as the foundation of ethical public administration.","10","150"],[19,"b) \"Starvation must not be used as a weapon of war.\" Yet, parties involved in conflicts often resort to the blockade of food and medical aid to civilians in conflict zones, deepening the humanitarian crisis. Powerful nations, despite their capacity to intervene, tend to prioritise strategic interests over humanitarian concerns. What ethical considerations should guide powerful nations in preventing such actions and ensuring unimpeded humanitarian access?","10","150"],[21,"Q.5) a) What teachings of Mahavira are most relevant today and why? Discuss.","10","150"],[23,"b) \"In contemporary times, social media platforms have emerged as powerful agents in shaping individual and societal attitudes.\" Do you agree with this view? Justify your answer.","10","150"],[25,"Q.6) a) What do you understand by the ‘voice of conscience’? In what ways can you prepare yourself to listen to the voice of conscience?","10","150"],[27,"b) Effective utilisation of public funds is not merely an administrative requirement but a moral responsibility of those entrusted with public office. However, instances of funds allocated to government schemes lying idle or being diverted towards extraneous purposes continue to be reported across the country. Examine the reasons for under-utilization and mis-utilization of public funds and their implications.","10","150"],[29,"Q.7 A rail overbridge (ROB) is being planned in the capital city of a central Indian state. The project aims to reduce traffic congestion and ease delays at railway crossings, which affect thousands of daily commuters. It had been a long-standing demand of local residents, and the government approved it to address persistent traffic bottlenecks in the area. The project is to be executed by the State Public Works Department (PWD), with a strict completion deadline of one year i.e. 31st July 2026. The PWD Minister, who is also the local MLA, is scheduled to inaugurate the project in the third week of August 2026. This is planned to take place shortly before the expected announcement of state elections. Ramesh has been selected as the project manager of this prestigious assignment on the basis of his professional competence and experience.\n\nWhile reviewing the approved design plans in preparation for execution, Ramesh identifies a serious flaw. The proposed alignment includes a sharp 90-degree turn, incorporated due to spatial constraints between an electrified railway line on one side and ongoing metro construction on the other. From a technical standpoint, Ramesh believes the design is unsafe. It increases the risk of vehicular accidents, especially for heavy vehicles, and may lead to long-term inconvenience for road users.\n\nRamesh promptly raises the issue with the Chief Engineer. However, the Chief Engineer overrules the concern. He states that the General Arrangement Drawing (GAD) has already been approved by the Bridge Engineering Department, in coordination with Indian Railways. He points out that revisiting the design at this stage shall result in project delays, increased expenditure, and unwanted political attention.\n\nSubsequently, Ramesh comes to know that the contractor awarded the tender to execute the project is a close relative of the PWD Minister. He also receives unofficial communication suggesting that his promotion to Additional Chief Engineer is under active consideration, but could be jeopardised if he creates \"unnecessary hurdles\" in the project's timely completion.\n\nThe incumbent state government is eager to complete the overbridge before the elections and present it as a major developmental achievement. This adds to the pressure on Ramesh to expedite project execution without raising further objections. Nonetheless, he remains convinced that the current design is flawed and could have grave implications for public safety if left unaddressed.\n\nMeanwhile, the bridge design has also attracted widespread public attention after being published in a leading local newspaper. Images of the sharp 90-degree turn went viral on social media, drawing criticism and ridicule. Several engineering experts have publicly flagged the alignment as a potential safety hazard, reinforcing Ramesh's concerns.\na) Under the given conditions, what are the options available to Ramesh as a project manager?\nb) What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by Ramesh?\nc) What are the professional challenges likely to be faced by Ramesh and his response to overcome such challenges?","20","20"],[30,"a) दी गई परिस्थितियों में, एक परियोजना प्रबंधक के रूप में रमेश के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\nb) रमेश को किन नैतिक दुविधाओं का सामना करना पड़ रहा है?\nc) रमेश को किन व्यावसायिक चुनौतियों का सामना करना पड़ सकता है तथा ऐसी चुनौतियों पर नियंत्रण पाने के लिए उसकी क्या प्रतिक्रिया होनी चाहिए?","","20 अंक"],[32,"3) Persuade PWD minister about serious concerns regarding project and need to rectify it with quantitative data on investigation\n Make him aware of threats to political position if mishap occurs\n If not agreed by minister, act as whistleblower and seek support to stop the project with media and civil society.","",""],[34,"Q.8 Srushti is a young and dynamic IPS officer, posted as Assistant Superintendent of Police (ASP) in a communally sensitive district. Her husband, Arjun, is an IAS officer and posted as Sub-Divisional Magistrate (SDM) in the same district. Both are honest, sincere and deeply committed to their work. They have a daughter who is just four months old, and is looked after by a domestic helper. Srushti resumed duty just two weeks ago after six months of maternity leave.\nAt 9 PM on Saturday night, Srushti is in her office reviewing the security arrangements with her team for an upcoming local festival. The situation in the area has been tense throughout the week due to a flare-up between two communities over a petty issue. Around 9:30 PM, she gets a call from the Superintendent of Police. He asks her to prepare a detailed law and order brief for a high-level meeting the next morning.\nSrushti reaches home at 10 PM, feeling exhausted. She has not been getting proper sleep during the week due to frequent night patrolling. Arjun also returns around the same time after a long day in the field. Their daughter has been unwell and cried through most of the previous night. Arjun expresses concern about Srushti's heavy workload and the baby's condition. He tells her that she can not keep pushing herself like this and that the child needs more of her attention. Srushti replies that she cannot afford to step back. She adds that people are already judging her and questioning her commitment to work for availing maternity leave. The conversation gradually turns into an argument. Arjun feels Srushti is ignoring her health and family, while Srushti feels judged and unsupported.\nLater that night, as Srushti sits at her desk preparing the report, she pauses and reflects on the purpose of her work. She had joined the IPS to serve the people and protect the vulnerable. But now, she wonders if she is being fair to her own child and family. Even as recently as last week, she had to cancel the family dinner as she had to attend an urgent meeting at the SP office. She also feels the weight of expectations. Male officers with children are rarely questioned. But as a new mother, she is constantly under scrutiny. Many in the department believe that women, especially new mothers, are not suitable for field duty.\nSrushti starts thinking about her options. She knows that whatever decision she makes will not only impact her own future but also influence the expectations placed on other working mothers in uniform.\na) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\nb) Evaluate the options available to Srushti in the above situation.\nc) What suggestions would you make to help officers like Srushti maintain a healthy work-life balance.","20","250"],[35,"a) उपर्युक्त मामले में नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं?\nb) उपरोक्त स्थिति में सृष्टि के लिए उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन करें।\nc) सृष्टि जैसे अधिकारियों को स्वस्थ कार्य-जीवन संतुलन बनाए रखने में मदद करने के लिए आप क्या सुझाव देंगे?\na) उपर्युक्त मामले में नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं?\nb) उपर्युक्त स्थिति में सृष्टि के लिए उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन करें।\nc) सृष्टि जैसे अधिकारियों को स्वस्थ कार्य-जीवन संतुलन बनाए रखने में मदद करने के लिए आप क्या सुझाव देंगे?","20 अंक","250 शब्द"],[37,"3) Discuss concerns with Aeyjin explaining her work position to ask him to contribute in taking care of baby.\na) Fulfilling childcare responsibilities\nb) Ensuring availability to work\nc) Resolving conflict through integration\nd) Own satisfaction through self-fulfillment\ne) Better workplace environment","",""],[39,"Q.9 A reputed Indian beauty & personal care company developed a herbal skin cream for the international market, claiming anti-ageing and skin-repair properties based on traditional Ayurvedic formulations. After obtaining the necessary approvals and export certifications, the company began exporting the product. The product received widespread positive feedback for its quality and natural formulation, and soon became a huge hit in international markets. Riding on this success, the company announced that the product would soon be made available to domestic consumers, with almost the same quality and health benefits.\n\nSubsequently, it secured approval from the domestic regulatory authority and launched the product in the Indian market. Over time, the brand gained a significant share of the domestic market and earned substantial revenues both nationally and internationally.\n\nHowever, during a random sample check, officials discovered that the cream sold in India differed from the version approved by the competent authority. The product failed to meet the claimed herbal composition and purity standards. Further investigation revealed that the company had often been distributing batches that had failed export quality checks.\n\nThe incident triggered widespread public criticism and regulatory scrutiny, leading to a sharp decline in the company’s reputation and financial performance.\na) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the case.\nb) What actions should the competent regulatory authority take against the personal care company for violating domestic quality standards and distributing rejected export batches in the Indian market?\nc) What course of action is available to the company to manage the crisis and restore public trust and brand credibility?","20","250"],[43,"Q.10) A forest fire has broken out in a hilly district and is rapidly spreading toward an eco-sensitive area that includes four villages (ESA villages). These villages lie along the forest fringe and are surrounded by difficult terrain. The region is known for its biodiversity and traditional forest-based livelihoods. The inhabitants of these villages are mostly poor tribal communities, dependent on forest resources for their sustenance.\nYou, as the District Magistrate of the area, have rushed to the spot with a medical team, police personnel, NGOs, media, and support staff to oversee the rescue and containment operations. Your disaster response team on the ground is small and poorly equipped. Reinforcements from the district headquarter have been requested, but they may take several hours to arrive due to the remoteness and challenging terrain.\nIn the meantime, a group of trained ex-forest guards and local youth from the villages offer to help. They are experienced and familiar with the area. However, existing government rules do not permit the engagement of unofficial personnel in fire control operations without formal clearance and insurance coverage.\nYour team members are divided on this issue. Some members argue that volunteers should be engaged immediately to prevent the fire from spreading. Others caution that involving them without proper approval and safety cover could be risky and against protocol.\nAs the District Magistrate, you are also the Chairperson of the District Disaster Management Authority (DDMA). The fire is spreading at a very rapid rate, and immediate action is required to protect lives, property, and the environment. You are now in a dilemma.\na) What are the options available to you?\nb) Critically evaluate each of the options identified by you.\nc) What option would you adopt and why?\nd) What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by you?","20","20"],[47,"Q.11) In one of the government primary schools located in a rural block of a district, the newly appointed headmistress observed an unusual practice. The school had been preparing and serving mid-day meals separately to students belonging to different communities. Although the meals were cooked using a common gas connection, separate utensils, cooking areas, and serving arrangements had been in place for more than two decades. Students from the two communities had their food cooked and served by different cooks and ate in separate classrooms, despite attending classes together.\nAfter taking charge, the headmistress decided to discontinue this practice. She directed that food be prepared and served together for all students, using a common kitchen and utensils. However, the decision triggered backlash. A considerable number of parents across communities vehemently opposed the move and stopped sending their children to school. Consequently, attendance fell by almost 60 percent. This also raised concerns regarding the possible discontinuation of the mid-day meal scheme, withdrawal of teaching staff, and even closure of the school due to falling enrolment.\nThe issue has attracted attention from various political and social groups attempting to further polarise the situation and serve their vested interests.\nMarpi Apang, the District Education Officer (DEO), has been tasked by the Deputy Commissioner's office to amicably resolve the matter at the earliest. She has also been directed to submit a detailed report along with the Action Taken Report within a fortnight.\na) Identify the ethical issues involved in this case.\nb) What course of action should Marpi adopt and why?\nc) What should be the responsibilities of different social segments and agencies to create positive social ambiance for accepting such changes?","20","20"],[50,"c) Responsibilities of different agencies to create positive ambience for change.","",""],[52,"Q.12) You are a Municipal Commissioner of a tier-2 city experiencing rapid urban expansion. Several high-rise residential and commercial buildings are under construction in the city to meet the growing demand for housing. One such luxury residential complex is being built, employing hundreds of daily-wage labourers, many of whom live in temporary settlements at the construction site. Late one night during the monsoon season, a large section of scaffolding and concrete slabs collapses from the upper floors of one of the under-construction buildings. Seven labourers, including two minors, die on the spot. Several others are critically injured and rushed to the hospital. The tragic incident results in public outrage, intense media scrutiny, and protests by a local NGO. The state government orders a formal inquiry and directs you to submit a report within a week. Your preliminary investigation reveals a series of irregularities. The construction material used is substandard and not in accordance with the National Building Code. Although the approved plan permits construction of fifteen floors, the builder has illegally added two extra floors. Moreover, the structure has encroached on land demarcated for a community park and a fire service lane under the city's Zonal Development Plan. These violations are not reported during site inspections conducted by the building inspector of the municipal corporation. The building clearance was granted during the tenure of your predecessor, who is not only your batchmate but also a close friend. Both of you were roommates during your training at LBSNAA. Prima facie, the case appears to involve a widespread nexus between officials of the Municipal Corporation and the builder. Your colleagues are putting pressure on you to go slow in the inquiry. Some of them suggest that holding the builder accountable could damage the city's image among investors and slow down urban development. Meanwhile, you come to know that the builder is the younger brother of a powerful minister in the state cabinet. One evening, his personal aide visits you privately. He suggests that the matter could be \"mutually settled\" and offers you a premium apartment worth ₹2 crore in the same residential complex. In the same breath, he hints that if the matter is not resolved swiftly in the builder's favour, someone in his office is prepared to file a complaint against you under the SC and ST (Prevention of Atrocities) Act.\na) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the case.\nb) What are the options available to you in this situation?\nc) Explain your selected course of action.","20","20"]]},{"i":286,"t":"Bipul Gupta","c":"Vision","p":"Essay","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/0e96d-1343696_3128_bipul_gupta_rank_103.pdf","q":[[5,"Write two essays, choosing one topic from each of the Sections A and B, in about 1000-1200 words each :\n1. The world must learn to work together, or finally it will not work at all.\n2. Technology, like art, is a soaring exercise of the human imagination.\n3. We've begun to raise daughters more like sons, but few have the courage to raise our sons more like our daughters.\n4. The will of the people cannot make just that which is unjust.\n5. It is the mark of an educated mind to be able to entertain a thought without accepting it.\n6. To be yourself in a world that is constantly trying to make you something else is the greatest accomplishment.\n7. We don't see things as they are, we see them as we are.\n8. A lie can travel half way around the world while the truth is putting on its shoes.","125 x 2 = 250","1000-1200 words each"]]},{"i":288,"t":"Bipul Gupta","c":"Vision","p":"GS1","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/10abf-1343696_2089_bipul-gupta_rank_103.pdf","q":[[3,"1. With the elephant being a vital part of the Buddhist faith, it was widely represented in its sculptures as well. Discuss.","10","150"],[5,"2. India's war of independence was won by the efforts and sacrifices of different sections of the society. In this context, discuss the contributions made by tribal women in the national freedom struggle.","10","150"],[7,"3. Bring out the key principles underlying Rabindranath Tagore's vision of nationalism during the Indian freedom struggle.","10","150"],[9,"4. The combination of internal pulls coupled with external pressure as well as colonial resistance prompted the European powers to relinquish their claim over colonies. Elaborate.","10","150"]]},{"i":284,"t":"Bipul Gupta","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2025,"r":103,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/BIPUL-GUPTA-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-103-Sample-MGP-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) \"Extraordinary powers must be exercised with extraordinary care.\" Discuss in the context of Article 142 of the Indian Constitution.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Why are State Legislative Assemblies involved in the election of the President but excluded from the process of impeachment?","10","150"],[7,"Private Member's Bills (PMBs) seldom become law in India, yet they are an important aspect of parliamentary democracy. Bring out their significance and suggest steps to strengthen the PMB process.","10","150"],[9,"Highlight the key points of convergence and divergence between the judicial systems of India and US","10","150"],[10,"5 No provision for judicial review points of divergence","",""],[11,"The role of Election Commission of India has evolved beyond conducting elections to becoming a guardian of electoral democracy. Critically evaluate.","10","150"],[13,"What is the rationale behind the 'three-language formula' in India's education policy? Also highlight the challenges associated with its adoption and implementation across the country.","10","150"],[15,"7) Emerging environmental concerns and evolving ecosystem perspectives demand a reimagined approach to rural water governance. Discuss the key interventions needed to recalibrate rural water policies with special emphasis on the role of communities.","10","150"],[17,"a) Identify and discuss the challenges hindering effective implementation of gender-sensitive policies and schemes in the country.","10","150"],[19,"Effective transboundary water management can act as a catalyst for regional peace and cooperation. In light of this statement, bring out the opportunities and challenges for India in leveraging 'water diplomacy' in its neighbourhood.","10","150"],[21,"What are the key areas of reform if the World Trade Organization (WTO) has to remain relevant in present context of rising protectionism and trade wars?","10","150"],[22,"2) Objective definition of developing country.","",""],[23,"11) The basic structure doctrine acts as a constitutional compass in balancing Parliament's legislative authority and constitutional supremacy. Comment.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12 Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) are pivotal to inclusive and efficient urban governance, yet they remain fiscally constrained and institutionally weak. Analyze.","15","250"],[29,"3) \"The judiciary has functioned as an institutional corrective, redefining and refining the contours the Governor's office to prevent its misuse and uphold constitutional principles.\" Discuss this statement with the help of relevant case laws.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 How is the 'vertical' and 'horizontal' devolution of taxes to the states decided? Highlighting the concerns raised by some states regarding the devolution of taxes, suggest corrective measures.","15","250"],[35,"1 What steps are required for the constitutionalization of a Commission? Do you think granting constitutional status to the Central Information Commission (CIC) would strengthen the RTI regime in India? Give reasons.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16 Even as India experiences consistent economic growth and has achieved self-sufficiency in food production, hunger and food insecurity remain pressing concerns. Examine the factors responsible for this paradox and suggest steps to improve the situation.","15","250"],[41,"7) The Union Government has recently announced that caste enumeration will be part of the coming census. Examine the opportunities and challenges associated with conducting a nationwide caste census. Also, propose a framework for its seamless and effective conduct.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 \"AI integration in governance is no longer a choice but a necessity.\" In light of this statement, discuss how AI can enhance education and healthcare governance.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 Providing a brief overview of the aims and objectives of BIMSTEC, explain its significance for India.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20) India's approach to its relationship with China has evolved into what can be best described as 'competitive coexistence'. Discuss in light of recent developments. What should be the broad contours of India's future China policy?","15","250"]]},{"i":285,"t":"Bipul Gupta","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":2025,"r":103,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/BIPUL-GUPTA-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-103-Sample-MGP-Copy-4.pdf","q":[[3,"1) a) 'Unconscious biases in parenting continue to shape gendered experiences in India.' Do you agree with this view? Discuss.","10","150"],[5,"b) Distinguish between empathy and compassion. Why are they considered as foundational values in public services?","10","150"],[7,"Q.2) a) The current society is witnessing rising levels of intolerance. What are the consequences of this situation for personal well-being and for societal well-being? What can one do at the personal level to become tolerant?","10","150"],[9,"b) What are the main components of emotional intelligence and how does it help an individual in taking ethical decisions?","10","150"],[11,"3) Given below are the three quotations of great thinkers. What do each of these quotations convey to you in the present context?","10","150"],[13,"\"If you cry because the sun has gone out of your life, your tears will prevent you from seeing the stars.\" - Rabindranath Tagore","10","150"],[15,"\"Two ways of building character - cultivating strength to challenge oppression, and tolerate the resultant hardships that give rise to courage and awareness.\" - Sardar Patel","10","150"],[17,"4) a) \"With great power comes great responsibility.\" In the present context, 'Big Tech' headquartered developed countries wield disproportionate influence over digital infrastructure, personal data, and global narratives—often prioritising profit over ethical considerations. What ethical principles should guide such corporations in building a fair, inclusive, and just global digital framework?","10","150"],[19,"3) What do you understand by the term 'crisis of conscience'? Describe an incident from your life where you experienced such a crisis. How did you deal with it?","10","150"],[21,"5) a) \"A politics of confession that encourages politicians and parties to confess and offer regret for their errors can surely be a cathartic experience.\" Examine the statement from the ethical point of view.","10","150"],[23,"5) What are the key objectives of the Right to Information Act, 2005? Examine the ethical concerns associated with certain provisions of the Digital Personal Data Protection Act in realizing the objectives of the RTI Act.","10","150"],[25,"6) a) Public spaces serve as arenas of democratic participation and civic expression. Yet in India, they remain deeply gendered, with many women largely confined to the private and domestic sphere. Examine the factors that restrict women's access to public spaces. How can ethical governance help address the issue of gendered spatial control and promote inclusivity in public spaces?","10","150"],[27,"3) Write short notes on the following in 30 words each:\ni) Ethical fading\nii) Conflict of interest\niii) Persuasion\niv) Work culture\nv) Corporate governance","10 marks, 150","30 words each"],[29,"2.7 Evaluate the options available with Simanta to cope with the situation.\nWhich of the above options would be the most appropriate for Simanta and why?\nWhat are the ethical dilemmas being faced by Simanta?\nExamine the qualities of a public servant which will be required to manage such situations.","20","20"],[30,"a. स्थिति से निपटने के लिए सीमांत के पास उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन करें।\nb. सीमांत के लिए सबसे उपयुक्त होगा और क्यों?\nc. सीमांत को किन नैतिक दुविधाओं का सामना करना पड़ रहा है?\nd. ऐसी परिस्थितियों का प्रबंधन करने के लिए एक लोक सेवक के गुणों का परीक्षण करें।\na स्थिति से निपटने के लिए सीमांत के पास उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन करें।\nb सीमांत के लिए सबसे उपयुक्त होगा और क्यों?\nc सीमांत को किन नैतिक दुविधाओं का सामना करना पड़ रहा है?\nd ऐसी परिस्थितियों का प्रबंधन करने के लिए एक लोक सेवक के गुणों का परीक्षण करें।","20 अंक","250 शब्द"],[34,"Q.8) Megha is a first-year sociology student at a reputed college in the national capital. She is originally from Tadchiroli, a tribal village in a western Indian state. Megha's family migrated to the city when she was seven years old and had not visited their village since. Though Megha has fond memories of her childhood there, she never deeply understood the customs and traditions of the region. One day, Megha expresses her wish to visit Tadchiroli. Her father agrees and asks her to inform Ratan, her paternal uncle, who still lives in the village with his family. Megha informs Ratan and travels to the village during a semester break. Upon arrival, she receives a warm welcome from Ratan and his family. Later, Ratan invites her to attend a local festival. During the event, Megha notices that her cousin Rinki is missing. Curious, she asks Ratan's wife Ratna why Rinki is not at the festival. Ratna explains that Rinki is on her period, and as per tradition, menstruating girls must stay separately in small huts built specifically for the purpose. Locally known as 'kurma ghars', they are generally located on the periphery of the village, near a river or pond. She further adds that these girls are not allowed to enter the main house or participate in any social or religious activities. Megha is taken aback. She asks whether all women follow this practice. Ratna nods and says it has been the custom for generations. Even schoolgirls stay in these huts and miss classes during their periods. Ratna admits that many in the village, including herself, never questioned the practice. The explanation unsettles Megha. She finds it hard to believe that a natural biological function leads to such exclusion. Before returning to the city, Megha observes that even educated family members seem to accept and follow these customs. The experience leaves a deep impact on her. She starts reading more about menstrual taboos and their impact on women's health, dignity, and education. As a sociology student, she recognises how such traditions are linked to patriarchy and social stigma. She begins to reflect on what she can do at her level to improve the current situation, without alienating the community or disrespecting its traditions.\na. Suggest a course of action Megha can take to sensitize her village community without appearing disrespectful or confrontational.\nb. What ethical principles and methods should guide her actions while engaging with the community?\nc. How is menstruation related to human rights?","20","250"],[35,"मेघा द्वारा अपने गांव के समुदाय को असम्मानजनक या टकरावपूर्ण व्यवहार किए बिना संवेदनशील बनाने के लिए अपनाई जाने वाली कार्यवाही का सुझाव दीजिए। समुदाय के साथ जुड़ते समय उसके कार्यों को किन नैतिक सिद्धांतों और तरीकों से निर्देशित किया जाना चाहिए? मासिक धर्म मानव अधिकारों से किस प्रकार संबंधित है?","20 अंक","250 शब्द"],[39,"Q.9 Gopal is an 80-year-old man living in a remote and an underdeveloped village in a Central Indian state. He had been residing in a small mud house for years. When he came to know about the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana-Gramin (PMAY-G), he saw a glimmer of hope for a pucca house in the last phase of his life. However, the village sarpanch and panchayat secretary told him that to be eligible under the scheme, he must first demolish his existing house so that during a site inspection, no structure would be visible at the location. Subsequently, Gopal demolished his shelter and began living under a babool tree. For nearly six months, he has been staying in the open, braving harsh weather conditions. During this time, he has repeatedly visited the panchayat office but has been told that his application cannot be processed as he lacks the necessary documents. You are the officer-in-charge of implementing PMAY-G in the district. The case of Gopal reaches you through a prominent newspaper report. You personally visit him to understand the situation on the ground. After meeting him and listening to his account, you feel that he certainly needs support. Your enquiries confirm that he is truly destitute and living in a pitiable condition under the open sky. It is also established that he demolished his house based on a faulty interpretation of the scheme by panchayat officials. However, he has no documents to show that he fulfils the eligibility criteria under the scheme. Now you are in a dilemma. Including him under the scheme without the necessary documents would clearly be a violation of rules. But denying him support would be cruel and inhuman.\na. Can you think of a rational way to resolve this dilemma?\nb. Give your reasons for it.\nc. What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?","20","250"],[44,"Q.10) You are working as an Assistant Section Officer in the District Development and Panchayat Office. One day, one of your close colleagues approaches you in deep distress. She tells you that her father is suffering from a severe liver condition, and the doctors have clearly stated that he must undergo liver transplant immediately in order to survive. She shares that she has no health insurance, and the surgery would cost around Rs 15 lakh. You are aware that her husband passed away a few years ago, and that she also has a four-year-old son with special needs. Just a few weeks ago, she also lost all her savings in a digital arrest scam. As a widow from a lower middle-class family, her options are extremely limited. Although you feel deeply empathetic, you are unable to offer financial assistance, as you do not have the resources to help. A few weeks later, you enquire about her father's health. She informs you that the liver transplant surgery was successful and that her father is now recovering steadily. Relieved, you ask how she managed to arrange the funds. Hesitantly, she confides that the District Development and Panchayat Officer (DDPO) helped her. Moved by her situation, the DDPO facilitated the release of Rs 15 lakh from the fund allocated to a rural sanitation scheme. The implementation of this scheme had been put on hold for a year due to technical issues and pending site approvals. She explains that the amount was provided on the assurance of strict confidentiality and with a commitment to repay it at the earliest. She expresses deep gratitude for the DDPO's timely help, which she believes saved her father's life. She has already begun repaying the money and will continue to do so until it is all returned.\na. Discuss the ethical issues involved in the case.\nb. Examine the behavior of DDPO from an ethical point of view.\nc. How would you react to the situation?","20","250"],[49,"Q.11) Nithin is the head of the Marketing Department at Pehnava Clothings Ltd., a reputed apparel manufacturing company with a strong global presence. Known for its professionalism and consistent performance, the company had earned a credible name in both domestic and international markets. However, the firm was going through difficult times. For three consecutive quarters, it had witnessed a steep decline in sales. This trend had raised serious concerns among the top management regarding the company's competitiveness, profitability, and long-term stability. To address the situation, the leadership decided to restructure the marketing division and bring in dynamic leadership. A senior marketing executive, Mr. A, was hired after a rigorous selection process. He had an impressive career record and was known for turning around sales performance in other firms and building strong brand identities. With high expectations placed upon him, Mr. A was seen as the key figure to steer the company out of crisis. Mr. A soon began delivering results. Within a year, the company's revenue had almost doubled, and its brand visibility had increased significantly. His bold marketing strategies, proactive outreach, and innovative campaigns received appreciation from various quarters within the company. His performance drew the attention of the top management. There were deliberations about assigning him a larger role within the company, with a focus on long-term business strategy. He was also being considered for an internal award for 'Excellence in Leadership and Innovation'. However, alongside professional success of Mr. A, Nithin began receiving troubling feedback about his conduct in the workplace. Informal reports indicated that he frequently made inappropriate comments about women. In addition, he regularly sent indecent messages via social media apps to all team members, including his female colleagues. Although no formal complaint was lodged initially, Nithin could sense tension within the team, and signs of discomfort were becoming increasingly apparent. Some employees even started avoiding direct interaction with Mr. A. Team morale and interpersonal trust were gradually eroding, but employees remained hesitant to speak openly. The matter escalated one evening when Mrs. X, one of Mr. A's team members approached Nithin. Visibly disturbed and emotionally shaken, she disclosed that Mr. A had repeatedly engaged in inappropriate behavior towards her. She added that Mr. A had been making undesirable advances towards her and had even tried to touch her inappropriately in his cabin. She urged Nithin to take appropriate action in the matter, or else she would have no option but to resign from her position.\n Bring out the ethical issues involved in this case.\n What are the options available to Nithin?\n Critically examine each of the options identified by Nithin.\n Which of the options, do you think, would be more appropriate for Nithin to adopt and why?","20","20"],[50,"a. इस मामले में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों को स्पष्ट करें।\nb. नितिन के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\nc. नितिन द्वारा पहचाने गए प्रत्येक विकल्प का आलोचनात्मक परीक्षण करें।\nd. नितिन के लिए कौन सा विकल्प अपनाना अधिक उपयुक्त होगा और क्यों?\na इस मामले में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों को स्पष्ट करें।\nb नितिन के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\nc नितिन द्वारा पहचाने गए प्रत्येक विकल्प का आलोचनात्मक परीक्षण करें।\nd नितिन के लिए कौन सा विकल्प अपनाना अधिक उपयुक्त होगा और क्यों?","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[55,"Q.12) You are appointed as an officer heading the Air Quality Compliance Division of the Environment Pollution Control Board in Delhi-NCR. The region is witnessing alarming levels of air pollution, which typically worsen during the winter months due to various meteorological and anthropogenic factors. The situation has led to severe public health concerns, particularly affecting vulnerable groups such as elderly, children, and those with respiratory illnesses. The Supreme Court has also raised serious concern over the deteriorating air quality in Delhi-NCR and has directed the administration to take immediate and effective measures to control pollution, especially during the winter months. Your jurisdiction has a large number of small and medium-scale industries that were granted environmental clearance over the years. These industries form the backbone of the local economy and provide employment to a significant number of migrant workers. However, recent inspections and air quality monitoring reports indicate that a significant number of these units are operating in violation of prescribed air emission norms. As part of targeted measures to curb air pollution, you issued notices to all identified polluting units, directing them to apply for fresh environmental clearance certificates from the competent authority. However, your decision triggered strong opposition from a section of industrial units, labour unions, and local politicians. Industrial owners argued that such action would lead to production shutdowns, financial losses, and shortages of their products in the market. Labour unions and workers also protested, fearing mass unemployment and livelihood insecurity. Local politicians and vested interests accused you of jeopardising the socio-economic stability of the region. You received representations from various quarters urging you to withdraw the notices and not initiate harsh measures, citing the interests of multiple stakeholders. Additionally, you began receiving anonymous threats, aimed at coercing you into reversing your decision. On the other hand, several of your colleagues supported your stance, encouraging you to act in the larger public interest. Several local NGOs and environmental groups rallied behind your actions, demanding the immediate closure of polluting units.\na. Under the given conditions, what are the options available to you?\nb. Critically evaluate each of the options listed by you.\nc. What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by you?","20","250"]]},{"i":287,"t":"Bipul Gupta","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/8ef5d-1343696_2931_bipul-gupta_rank_103.pdf","q":[[6,"1. (a) The end cannot justify the means, for the simple and obvious reason that the means employed determine the nature of the ends produced. Discuss with suitable examples.","10","150"],[8,"1. (b) Discuss how the relationship between law and ethics is dynamic and continuously shaped by societal changes. Provide examples to illustrate this dynamic relationship.","10","Answer in 150"],[10,"2. (a) Differentiate between probity and integrity with suitable examples. How do these values contribute to ethical governance and decision-making in the civil services?","10","150"],[12,"2. (b) Discuss the ethical implications of withholding information in public administration. How can transparency enhance accountability and reduce corruption in government institutions? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[14,"3 (a) What do each of the following quotations mean to you?","10","Answer in 150"],[16,"3. (b) \"Everyone thinks of changing the world, but no one thinks of changing himself.\" - Leo Tolstoy (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[18,"3. (c) \"To see what is right and not do it is a lack of courage\" - Confucius (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[20,"4. (a) What factors lead to a positive attitude in a person? How does positive attitude enhance the effectiveness of civil servants in performing their duties? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[22,"4. (b) Discuss how emotional intelligence can influence ethical decision-making in the allocation of scarce public resources.","10","150"],[24,"5. (a) Various international humanitarian organizations provide emergency aid in conflict zones around the world. Highlight the ethical challenges faced by such organizations. What are the principles that guide international humanitarian work?","10","150"],[26,"5. (b) Why is persuasion regarded as an important skill for civil servants? What are the key considerations that should guide persuasion in governance? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[28,"6. (a) What role can ethical leadership play in curbing corruption, especially in public service? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[30,"6. (b) What were the major teachings of Swami Dayanand Saraswati? Explain their relevance in addressing the current ethical and social challenges in India.","10","150"],[33,"(a) Discuss the ethical dilemma Karan faces in deciding whether to report the incident against Mariyam's wishes.\n(b) Evaluate the options available to Karan. Which of these options should he choose and why?\n(c) What responsibilities do organizations like XYZ Corp have in preventing and addressing sexual harassment and creating inclusive workplace environments? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[36,"II. File a complaint on behalf of Marian","",""],[38,"8 (a) शिक्षा विभाग के आयुक्त के रूप में जय के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं? इनमें से प्रत्येक विकल्प का मूल्यांकन कीजिए।\n(b) जय को कौन-सा विकल्प अपनाना चाहिए और क्यों?\n(c) जय जैसे सिविल सेवकों को अपने दायित्वों के निर्वहन में नैतिक मानकों को बनाए रखने के प्रयास के दौरान बेहतर सुरक्षा कैसे प्रदान की जा सकती है? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)\na) शिक्षा विभाग के आयुक्त के रूप में जय के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं? इनमें से प्रत्येक विकल्प का मूल्यांकन कीजिए।\nb) जय को कौन-सा विकल्प अपनाना चाहिए और क्यों?\nc) जय जैसे सिविल सेवकों को अपने दायित्वों के निर्वहन में नैतिक मानकों को बनाए रखने के प्रयास के दौरान बेहतर सुरक्षा कैसे प्रदान की जा सकती है? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250 शब्दों में"],[39,"(a) What are the options available to Jay as the Commissioner of the Education Department? Evaluate each of these options.\n(b) What option should Jay adopt and why?\n(c) How can civil servants like Jay be better protected when they attempt to uphold ethical standards in their work? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[43,"9 As the District Magistrate of X city, you are responsible for overseeing the construction of a new metro depot in an urban forest area, which is a critical infrastructure project aimed at improving public transportation and reducing traffic congestion and air pollution. The project, however, requires the clearance of a substantial portion of the forest, which has triggered strong opposition from environmental activists, local residents, and NGOs. This forest is widely regarded as essential for the city's ecological balance, often referred to as the city's \"lungs.\" In addition to the environmental concerns, you are under considerable pressure from politicians at the state-level to expedite the project, given the upcoming elections in two years. The political leadership emphasizes the benefits of the metro project for the city's development and its potential to garner electoral support. The project is expected to significantly reduce travel time for thousands of commuters and potentially decrease overall vehicle emissions in the city. However, it would also lead to the loss of thousands of trees and disrupt local ecosystems. As you prepare to make a decision, you are aware that your choice will have far-reaching consequences for both the city's development and its environment.\n(a) Identify the ethical dilemmas involved in the above case.\n(b) Evaluate the options available to you in the above situation. Which of these would you choose and why?\n(c) Suggest some measures that could be implemented to balance urban development needs with environmental conservation in future projects. (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[46,"VII carry out a robust CIL and evaluate compensatory afforestation plan","",""],[48,"10 (a) Identify the stakeholders in the above case study.\n(b) Discuss the ethical issues faced by Dr. Mehra.\n(c) Analyse the options available to Dr. Mehra in the above case. Which of these would you choose and why? (Answer in 250 words)\na) Identify the stakeholders in the above case study.\nb) Discuss the ethical issues faced by Dr. Mehra.\nc) Analyse the options available to Dr. Mehra in the above case. Which of these would you choose and why? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[53,"11 You have been appointed as the Under Secretary in the State Urban Development Department. The Department has been tasked with a prestigious project aimed at revitalizing the infrastructure of a city with deep historical significance. This project, which you are extremely passionate about, involves modernizing public transportation, restoring heritage buildings, and creating green spaces while preserving the city's cultural essence.\n\nExcited by the opportunity, you spent weeks researching and drafting a comprehensive proposal. Your plan included innovative ideas for sustainable development, community engagement, and leveraging technology for urban planning. You presented these initial plans in a departmental meeting, hoping to inspire your colleagues and kickstart the project.\n\nHowever, your enthusiasm was met with indifference. Your colleagues showed little interest, failing to contribute ideas or efforts towards the project. Concerned, you reported this lack of enthusiasm to your immediate superior, who is also the authority for this project. To your dismay,\n(a) इस प्रकरण में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\n(b) उपयुक्त कार्य संस्कृति कार्यस्थल पर मनोबल और उत्पादकता को किस प्रकार प्रभावित करती है?\n(c) आपके पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं और आप इस स्थिति का समाधान किस प्रकार करेंगे? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250"],[54,"(a) Discuss the ethical issues involved in this case.\n(b) How does the above-mentioned work culture affect workplace morale and productivity?\n(c) What are the options available to you and how would you address the situation? (Answer in 250 words)\na) Discuss the ethical issues involved in this case.\nb) How does the above-mentioned work culture affect workplace morale and productivity?\nc) What are the options available to you and how would you address the situation?","","250"],[58,"12 (a) उपयुक्त प्रकरण के आलोक में, कॉर्पोरेट, राजनीतिक और नौकरशाही के हितों के बीच गठजोड़ से उत्पन्न होने वाले नैतिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\n(b) एक कर्तव्यनिष्ठ सिविल सेवक के रूप में, अरुण के पास उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन कीजिए। उसे कौन-सा विकल्प चुनना चाहिए और क्यों? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)\na) उपयुक्त प्रकरण के आलोक में, कॉर्पोरेट, राजनीतिक और नौकरशाही के हितों के बीच गठजोड़ से उत्पन्न होने वाले नैतिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\nb) एक कर्तव्यनिष्ठ सिविल सेवक के रूप में, अरुण के पास उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन कीजिए। उसे कौन-सा विकल्प चुनना चाहिए और क्यों? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250 शब्दों में"],[59,"(a) In light of the above case, discuss the ethical issues that may arise from the nexus between corporate, political, and bureaucratic interests.\n(b) As a conscientious civil servant, evaluate the options available to Arun. Which option should he choose and why? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"]]},{"i":290,"t":"Ch Aswani Kumar","c":"Forumias","p":"GS3","y":2025,"r":256,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/CHEJARLA-ASWANI-KUMARUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-256-Sample-MGP-COPY-2.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) Open Network for Digital Commerce (ONDC) seeks to democratize the nation's online market by catalysing a shift from a platform centric to an open model of e-commerce. Enumerate the issues in platform centric e-commerce model and discuss the significance of ONDC.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Highlighting the existing bottlenecks in infrastructure development in the country, examine the role of PM Gati Shakti-National Master Plan for Multi-Modal Connectivity to overcome these challenges.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) Often cited as responsible for many of the agriculture's maladies, Minimum Support Price (MSP) policy can also provide their remedies. Analyze the statement with special reference to issues related to mono-cropping and climate change.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) Explain the critical role of the fisheries sector for development of coastal areas. Describing the major outcomes of the 12th ministerial of WTO, discuss India's concerns related to the impact of these outcomes on fisheries sector in the country.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) What are the advantages of liquid nano urea over conventional fertilizers? Also bring out other applications of nanotechnology in the agriculture sector.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) Discuss the reasons for rising anti-microbial resistance (AMR) in India and the efforts to control it. Can traditional medicine help in controlling AMR in the country?","10","350"],[14,"How can Traditional Medicine help?","",""],[15,"Q.7) Critically evaluate the various government initiatives to promote renewable energy in the country. How far can the Energy Conservation (Amendment) Bill, 2022 contribute towards the objective of decarbonizing the economy?","10","150"],[16,"How Energy Conservation Bill, 2022 can help?","",""],[17,"Q.8) Frequent sea incursions and accelerated coastal erosion pose a grave threat to our environment. Analyzing their impacts, propose some corrective measures.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9) Emerging internal security threats of the 21st century call for a modern, efficient and responsive police force. In this perspective, present a case for well-rounded police reforms.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10 Money laundering undermines the integrity of the financial system and threatens national security. Elaborate. How effective has Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002 (PMLA) been in checking the problem of money laundering in the country?","10","150"],[23,"Q.1) In the five years since its launch to create 'One Nation, One Tax, One Market', Goods and Services Tax (GST) has been a cause of celebration as well as a source of worry for the stakeholders. In light of this statement, assess the performance of GST.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12) Discussing the reasons for high Non-Performing Assets (NPAs) in Indian banking sector, critically examine the utility of Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC) and National Asset Reconstruction Company Ltd (NARCL) for reducing financial stress on banks.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13) While post-independence policies have transformed India from a 'ship to mouth' economy to a net exporter of agri-products, nutrition security is yet an unrealized objective. Analyze.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 Examine the critical role of Food Corporation of India (FCI) in food management in the country. Highlight various challenges faced by the FCI and suggest reforms to make it more effective in its functioning.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 What do you understand by Artificial Intelligence (AI)? Analyze its predictive and prescriptive applications to improve governance in the country and list out the challenges inherent in AI.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16) How is 5G different from previous generations of tele-communication technology? Underlining the transformative application of 5G technology, discuss various challenges in its roll-out.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17) Why is Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) seen as a regulatory hurdle to development rather than an integral part of developmental planning? How far can the recently proposed ranking system for State EIA Authorities (SEIAA) help in changing this perception?","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 Unscientific, unmindful and unregulated tourism in the ecologically fragile areas has increased the vulnerabilities of these regions towards a plethora of disasters. Examine the statement and suggest strategies for sustainable tourism.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 How are 'hybrid-militants' different from militants and Over Ground Workers (OGW)? In what ways have hybrid militants changed the security concerns in Jammu and Kashmir? Also recommend effective measures to counter them.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20) Explain the linkages of human trafficking with other illicit activities such as drug trafficking, gun-running, and terrorism. Discuss the measures to tackle the menace of human trafficking with special reference of draft Trafficking in Persons (Prevention, Care & Rehabilitation) Bill 2021.","15","250"]]},{"i":289,"t":"Ch Aswani Kumar","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":2025,"r":256,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/CHEJARLA-ASWANI-KUMARUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-256-Sample-MGP-COPY-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) Successful people are not those who did not fail, but those who persisted in turbulent times and kept moving after a failure. In light of this statement, examine the importance of adversity quotient in life. How can adversity quotient be developed?","10","150"],[5,"b) 'Strength does not come from physical capacity but from an incontrollable will.' - Gandhi. What does strength mean to you and how far do you agree with the given statement? Discuss with suitable example.","10","150"],[7,"Q.2) a) Differentiate between the following\ni) Conscientiousness Vs. Conscience\nii) Guilt Vs. Remorse","10","150"],[9,"b) Good governance does not depend on laws, but upon the personal qualities of those who administer the law. Do you agree with this statement? Justify your view.","10","150"],[11,"Q.3) a) An active civil service is necessary but not sufficient; India also requires civil service activism for fulfilling the vision of justice, liberty and equality for all. Analyze the statement citing relevant examples","10","150"],[13,"b) Educational institutions complement the role of the family and the society in shaping our values. Discuss. Can digital education perform this value inculcation function effectively?","10","150"],[14,"4. Role modelling & social persuasion in college due to helps in shaping values, Can Digital Education perform this?","",""],[15,"Q.4) a) Gendered attitudes convert differences in sexes into discriminations. Examine the factors responsible for negative attitudes toward women in the Indian society. How can these attitudes be changed?","10","150"],[17,"b) How are ethical concerns and work culture of public institutions different from those of private institutions? Examine the desirability of adoption of work culture similar to private institutions in public institutions.","10","150"],[19,"Q.5) a) Besides objectivity, civil servants also need empathy and compassion to effectively resolve various ethical dilemmas they face while discharging their responsibilities. Discuss with suitable examples.","10","150"],[21,"b) Leadership is essentially a task of persuasion. How does ability to persuade others help civil servants in performing their duty? Identify five qualities that make civil servants effective agents of persuasion. Justify your choice.","10","150"],[23,"Q.6) a) What does each of the following quotations mean to you? 'Peace is not mere absence of war; it is presence of justice'","10","150"],[25,"b) The world will not be destroyed by those who do evil, but by those who watch them without doing anything","10","150"],[27,"c) Happiness is a mysterious thing, to be found somewhere between too little and too much.","10","150"],[29,"Q.7) Sunshine electronics is a domestic mobile manufacturer and you are its CEO. Sunshine electronics has made an affordable 5g phone with over 80% domestically sourced components. It has spent a large amount of money for promotion of the phone. General public is excited about the new phone and the company has already received over 1 lakh pre-launch orders from various online shopping portals. The achievement of the company has also received recognition from the highest political level and has been cited as a successful example of Atma-Nirbhar Bharat. The Central Minister of Electronics and Information Technology is the chief guest in the launch event of the new mobile phone.\nJust a day before the launch of the new phone, you received a call from the Chief Technology Officer (CTO) of your company. He informs you that the US has banned Huwu Technologies Pvt. Ltd. from doing business in the USA and a similar ban is expected to be imposed by the EU in the next few days. The ban on Huwu is based on a report claiming that Huwu has been working very closely with the Chinese government and there are technical 'backdoors' in the components made by Huwu that allows it to spy on users of the devices that have these components.\nThe new phone made by your company also uses a chip manufactured by Huwu. To fulfil the pre-orders in the shortest possible time, Sunshine Electronics has also manufactured around fifty thousand devices. Cancelling or postponing the launch event would be embarrassing for political dispensation and financially disastrous for your company. On the other hand, going ahead with the launch would mean potentially risking the privacy and security of your customers.\n1) On the basis of this case, identify the various ethical dilemmas involved.\n2) What principles of corporate ethics would you consider while taking the decision in this case?\n3) Examine various options available with you for handling the issue at hand. What will you do in the given case?","20","20"],[30,"1) इस मामले के आधार पर, इसमें शामिल विभिन्न नैतिक दुविधाओं को पहचान करें।\n2) इस मामले में निर्णय लेते समय आप कॉर्पोरेट नैतिकता की किन सिद्धांतों पर विचार करेंगे?\n3) समस्या से निपटने के लिए आपके पास उपलब्ध विभिन्न विकल्पों की जांच करें। दिए गए मामले में आप क्या करेंगे?","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[34,"Q.8 Asanpur is a beautiful small district in Northern part of India. It used to be the hub of stone mining activity. However, excessive mining led to environmental degradation and rapid soil erosion while cutting of stone created air pollution hazard. Due to various detrimental impacts, NGT has imposed a ban on stone mining in Asanpur. Despite this ban, the mining mafia has been able to operate with connivance of corrupt government officials and politicians. Many officers have tried to stop this illegal mining, but the powerful mafia has either forced them to submit through force or bribed them or got them transferred through their political contacts. Last week, a DSP lost his life when he was trying to stop a truck carrying illegally mined stones.\nYou recently got promoted and made the SP of Asanpur. Upon taking the charge, you quickly realized the gravity of the problem. Illegal mining was run by organized gangs in the district. It was also linked to other crimes in your city ranging from petty crimes like pick pocketing to serious offenses like kidnapping and murders. Illegal mining and related crime have negatively impacted socio-economic development of the district as youth are increasingly getting involved in the illegal activities and businesses are leaving the district due to high crime rates. You created a special task force and started taking stringent actions against the illegal mining in your district. In a short span of a few weeks you seized thirty dumpers carrying illegally mined stones. Public appreciated your stringent actions while the corrupt ecosystem created by illegal miners was rattled.\nOne day, a junior officer approached you and informed you that he has been receiving threats from the illegal stone miners. He also informs you that others in the task force are also facing problems like someone in the task force is being harassed by reopening an old settled case against him while someone else has received a transfer order to a remote district. This has demotivated the taskforce and reminded them of the connections of illegal miners in the district. The same day, when you reach home, your wife tells you that she got a call from an unknown number threatening her of dire consequences if you do not stop your investigation. You fear that the call was from a member of the organized crime syndicate involved in the illegal mining activity. Your wife is worried about the safety of the family and requests you to be lenient in your work. In this situation, answer the following questions:\n1) How will you motivate the task force to work with honesty in this adverse condition?\n2) How would you justify putting your family at risk in line of your duty?\n3) Identify the various dimensions of the crisis. Based on your understanding, suggest measures to deal with the crisis.","20","250"],[35,"1) इस वर्तमान परिस्थिति में आप टास्क फोर्स को दंगाइयों से काम करने के लिए कैसे प्रेरित करेंगे?\n2) आप अपने कार्यों के क्रम में अपने परिवार को जोखिम में डालने को कैसे उचित ठहराएंगे?\n3) संकट के विभिन्न आयामों की पहचान करें। उनकी गंभीरता के आधार पर संकट से निपटने के उपाय सुझाएं।","","20 अंक"],[36,"2) How to justify family at Risk","",""],[39,"Q.9 Under the Mid-Day Meal (MDM) scheme, children are served cooked food in their school. It has been revolutionary in not only improving the nutritional status of children but also increasing the retention ratio in schools. However, the quality of food has been a cause of concern.\n\nIn one of the unfortunate incidents, two students lost their lives and over thirty children fell ill after eating the MDM in their school. The district administration was quick in its action and fired the cook (bhojan-mata) of the concerned school. The bhojan-mata, who belongs to a backward caste, is the sole breadwinner in her family after her husband passed away. In an TV interview related to the incident, Bhojan-mata claimed that she is being made a scapegoat and being targeted only because she belongs to a backward caste. This created a political storm in the state. Opposition parties picked up the issue of social discrimination and started state-wide protest demanding justice for the bhojan-mata. The protest found resonance with masses and the ruling party was severely criticized.\n\nTo win back the confidence of the public, the government has constituted a commission to investigate the matter in an impartial manner. You are a joint secretary level officer and have been appointed as a member of the commission. During the investigation, you found that bhojan-mata was indeed not at fault. It was the contractor who was supplying poor quality raw materials to the school that caused the food poisoning in children. You also found that the food contractor was the brother of a powerful cabinet minister. You suspect that the district administration was hand-in-glove with the contractor and they connived to implicate bhojan-mata and exonerate the contractor.\n\nYou brought these findings before the head of the commission. To your surprise, the head of the commission informs you that he was already aware of these facts. He informs you that the minister has asked him to make a report that vindicates the bhojan-mata and reinstates her in order to subdue the opposition led agitations. He asks you to find someone else who can be blamed to ensure that the government is able to save its face as declaring the brother of a sitting cabinet minister responsible would push the government further in trouble. He also tells you that helping the ruling dispensation would ultimately help you, subtly giving hints of getting a 'plum posting' and also warns you that going against the wish of the minister can attract the wrath of the minister that can be disastrous for your career.\n1) What are the various ethical dilemmas that you face in this situation?\n2) What are the different courses of action that you can take? Identify the most suitable course of action and justify your choice.","20","250"],[40,"1) इस स्थिति में आप किन विभिन्न नैतिक दुविधाओं का सामना करते हैं? 2) कार्रवाई के विभिन्न कदम क्या हैं जो आप ले सकते हैं? कार्रवाई के सबसे उपयुक्त कदम की सिफारिश करें और अपनी पसंद का औचित्य सारगर्भित करें।","","20 अंक"],[44,"Q.10 Rashmi and other corona warriors have started protesting near the health ministry, demanding permanent government employment. On the basis of this case, answer the following questions:\n1) What are the various ethical issues involved in this case?\n2) Do you think Rashmi is justified in demanding a permanent government job?\n3) Do you think the government is justified in terminating the contracts of corona warriors?\n4) Consider yourself in the position of Health secretary in the concerned state. What would you do to address the issue at hand?","20","250"],[49,"Q.11 Abha is currently working as the DM of a district. One day, she went to a village for inspecting the progress of a certain village development project. Abha was not satisfied with the pace of the work and wanted to talk with the Sarpanch of the village about the same. Abha went to the panchayat office where she found the Sarpanch standing just outside the office. The Sarpanch greeted Abha and offered her a seat. Abha sat down and started discussing the matter with the Sarpanch. She noticed that Sarpanch was still standing. She thought that Sarpanch was not sitting because of hesitation or out of respect for the officer. She requested him to take a seat but he reluctantly sat on a wooden stool. Abha jokingly asked him if he liked the stool so much that he chose it instead of a chair, to which the Sarpanch replied that he was not allowed to sit on a chair as he belonged to a Dalit community. Abha was taken aback by this response. Abha enquired further about the issue. The sarpanch explained that since the Sarpanch position was reserved for SC community, he won the election. But despite being the official head of the panchayat, he did not have any power. He was neither allowed to enter the panchayat office nor was given access to official documents. A separate water pot was kept for him outside the office and he was not allowed to use the common water pot. He worked as a rubber stamp who merely signed the given document. He went on to tell Abha that last year he was not even allowed to hoist the national flag during the Independence Day celebration. Abha was shocked about hearing the kind of discrimination that the Sarpanch faced. On the basis of this case study answer the following questions:\n1) Why do caste-based discriminations still persist even after 75 years of independence?\n2) Examine the various ethical issues involved in this case.\n3) Identify various stakeholders and their responsibilities for creating an egalitarian society.","20","250"],[50,"Why do they still happen after 75 years","",""],[52,"3 Stakeholders & their Responsibilities","",""],[54,"Q.12) Jayant is a hard-working and dedicated IAS officer. He is currently posted in a remote district in North-East India. Jayant is married to Sarita who used to work as a software engineer before her marriage. Sarita is a well-educated and ambitious woman who wants to be known by her name and not only as the wife of IAS officer Jayant. Sarita wants to restart her career and has been searching for a suitable job for some time. She has found a good job in an MNC that pays well, but she will have to move to Bangalore for it. Sarita wants to take up this opportunity but Jayant's mother does not want Sarita to move to Bangalore. Jayant also wants Sarita to stay with him so that they can have kids and start their family. Sarita proposes that Jayant move with him to Bangalore as she will get a salary that is substantially more than Jayant's. Jayant and his mother found this proposal offending. Further, Jayant does not want to leave the job that he has dreamed of since his childhood and for which he has toiled hard. The entire issue has become a reason for daily fights between Sarita and Jayant, and has taken a toll on their married life.\n\nThe issues in personal life of Jayant have creeped into his professional life as well. He is not able to concentrate on his work which has resulted in his poor performance. Just a few days back, Jayant made a blunder and was scolded by his senior for being absent-minded in his work. His behaviour in office has also changed. Now Jayant gets easily irritated and often talks rudely with the staff in the office. This is negatively impacting the motivation level of his subordinates. Jayant is aware of his degrading performance and he thinks that he is failing both in his personal and professional life.\n\nYou are a mutual friend of Jayant and Sarita. One day you received a call from a distressed Jayant and he asks you for your advice on this issue.\n1) Help Jayant identify different options available with him to cope with the crisis? Discuss the merits and demerits of each of these options.\n2) As a mutual friend, what advice would you give to Jayant and Sarita in this case so that they can return back to being a happy couple?\n3) How can Jayant develop the qualities that are required to handle such crisis situations in life?","20","250"],[55,"1) संकट से निपटने के लिए यथासंभव उपलब्ध विभिन्न विकल्पों की पहचान करने में गलती करें? इनमे से प्रत्येक विकल्प के गुण दोषों की विवेचना कीजिए।\n2) एक पारंपरिक मित्र के रूप में, आप इस मामले में जयंत और सरिता को क्या सलाह देंगे ताकि वे एक खुशहाल दंपती के रूप में वापिस आ सकें?\n3) व्यावय जीवन में ऐसी संकट स्थितियों को संभालने के लिए आवश्यक गुणों को कैसे विकसित कर सकता है? (20 अंक, 250 शब्द)","20 अंक","250 शब्द"]]},{"i":291,"t":"Chinmaiee P","c":"Forumias","p":"Essay","y":2025,"r":310,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/CHINMAIEE-PUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-310-Sample-Essay-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"1. Poetry is the voice of the unvoiced.\n2. We must adjust to changing times and still hold to unchanging principles.\n3. We are not what we know but what we are willing to learn.\n4. If we choose, we can live in a world of comforting illusion.","",""],[16,"1. Efforts and courage are not enough without purpose and direction.\n2. Creativity is the art of turning ideas into reality.\n3. Being an ethical power is one aspect of the India Way.\n4. Neither should a ship rely on one small anchor, nor should life rest on a single hope.","",""]]},{"i":292,"t":"Chitwan Jain","c":"Forumias","p":"Essay","y":2025,"r":17,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/CHITWAN-JAIN-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-17-Sample-ESSAY-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"2. To be content with little is difficult; to be content with much, impossible.","",""],[16,"1. True peace is not merely the absence of tension; it is the presence of justice.\n2. The saddest aspect of life right now is that science gathers knowledge faster than society gathers wisdom.\n3. Human development suffers when interdependence is mismanaged.\n4. No one can make you feel inferior without your consent.","",""]]},{"i":293,"t":"Chitwan Jain","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":2025,"r":17,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/CHITWAN-JAIN-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-17-Sample-MGP-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1 \"Bhagavad Gita and Natyashastra are not merely texts; they exemplify the timeless wisdom, richness and diversity of Indian knowledge traditions.\" Elaborate.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) The Harappan civilization was a \"technological powerhouse\" that laid the foundation for sophisticated urban living in ancient South Asia. In light of this statement, discuss the key technological breakthroughs and contributions of this Bronze Age culture.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) Why is the First World War considered as the first 'total' war in modern history?","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) Highlight the differences in the approach of Bhagat Singh and Mahatma Gandhi in the struggle for freedom.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5 Briefly explain the processes through which the earth-atmosphere system maintains heat balance.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6 What characteristics of the monsoon climate play a crucial role in sustaining agriculture in Monsoon Asia?","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) Account for the factors influencing the location of semiconductor industries across the world.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) Unemployment is not just an economic challenge, but a social one with far-reaching consequences. In this context, discuss the social impact of unemployment in the country.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9 Globalization has facilitated the influx of global brands and multinational corporations into the Indian market, significantly altering the consumer behaviour. Do you agree? Justify your answer.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10 Discuss how social media is reshaping identity formation and self-worth among adolescents in contemporary Indian society.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11) The fusion of Islamic architectural styles with indigenous Indian traditions played a key role in the evolution of Indo-Islamic architecture in the country. Discuss with examples.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12 'Emergency' is one of the most controversial and widely debated events in Indian politics. How far do you agree with the view that it was imposed to fulfil individual political goals rather than serve national interests? Also, discuss the short-term and long-term impacts of the Emergency.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 What are 'atmospheric rivers'? How do they influence global weather patterns and impact human settlements?","15","250"],[32,"Q.14) Despite sharing a similar latitude, why does the Mediterranean climate vary from the China-type climate? How do the differences in climate affect life and economic activities in the region?","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 \"The tropical Indian Ocean is likely to be in a near-permanent heatwave state.\" Discuss the factors responsible for the rapid warming of the Indian Ocean along with its multi-dimensional impacts.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16 How can the demographic transition in the southern states, marked by low fertility rates and an aging population, impact the region's economic growth and social welfare policies?","15","250"],[41,"Q.17) Incidence of extreme rainfall events and flash floods in recent times has led to devastating consequences for major cities of India. Analyse.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 “Air pollution is as much an issue of equity and justice as it is an environmental one.” Elaborate with examples.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19) Analyze the socio-cultural factors contributing to the high attrition rate among women in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) careers in India. Suggest measures to improve their retention in STEM.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 \"Caste census is relevant and necessary for any well-designed policy to reduce social inequality\". Comment.","15","250"]]},{"i":294,"t":"Chitwan Jain","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":2025,"r":17,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/CHITWAN-JAIN-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-17-Sample-MGP-Copy-2.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) The increasing use of digital surveillance technologies for maintaining law and order is a debatable issue. Critically examine the statement from the ethical point of view.","10","150"],[5,"b) Knowledge and skills are important, but they must be grounded in ethical principles for true success. In this context, discuss the importance of ethics in education and the role of educational institutions in imparting ethical values.","10","150"],[7,"Q.2) a) How does persuasion help achieve a desired change in attitude? What are the elements of an effective persuasive approach?","10","150"],[9,"b) While scientific research drives technological progress and societal development, its funding often raises ethical questions. What ethical concerns arise from corporate sponsorship of scientific research, and how can these be addressed?","10","150"],[11,"Q.3) Given below are three quotations of great thinkers. What do each of these quotations convey to you in the present context?\na) \"Where do the evils like corruption arise from? It comes from the never-ending greed. The fight for corruption-free ethical society will have to be fought against this greed and replace it with 'what can I give' spirit.\" - A.P.J. Abdul Kalam","10","150"],[13,"b) \"The greatest glory in living lies not in never failing, but in rising every time we fail.\" - Nelson Mandela","10","150"],[15,"c) \"Your goodness is an impediment in your way, so let your eyes be red with anger, and try to fight the injustice with a firm hand.\" - Sardar Patel","10","150"],[17,"Q.4) a) What do you understand by the term \"Conflict of Interest\"? How does it manifest in the decision making by public servants? In what ways can it be minimized?","10","150"],[19,"b) \"In post-conflict rehabilitation, the pursuit of justice must be balanced with the need for reconciliation.\" Examine this statement in the context of addressing ethnic violence.","10","150"],[21,"Q.5) a) In the ever-evolving landscape of academic institutions, administrators must not only manage academic issues but also emotional and interpersonal dynamics. In this context, discuss the significance of emotionally intelligent administrators in higher education.","10","150"],[23,"b) \"The recognition of the horrors of nuclear weapons should compel nations to move towards meaningful disarmament. However, geopolitical interests continue to hinder genuine progress in this direction. What are the ethical considerations of nuclear states to pursue global disarmament, and how can the international community balance security concerns with the moral imperative of a nuclear-free world?\"","10","150"],[25,"Q.6) a) \"Probity in governance is an essential and vital requirement for an efficient and effective system of governance and for socio-economic development.\" Discuss the statement with examples.","10","150"],[27,"b) How can responsible and informed social media use be nurtured among children to make the internet a safer space for them?","10","150"],[29,"Q.7 Arushi is a young IPS officer known for her competence, integrity, and relentless dedication to challenging tasks. Recognizing her excellent track record, her superiors have chosen her to handle a sensitive assignment in a tribal-dominated district notorious for illegal bauxite mining. Here, the mafia mines bauxite from mineral-rich lands, transports it by truck, and sells it on the black market. This illegal operation thrives with the support of certain local officials and tribal musclemen who intimidate the local population and bribe select poor tribals to maintain control and silence.\n\nUpon assuming the new role, Arushi quickly grasps the ground realities and identifies the mafia's modus operandi, characterized by a series of devious tactics. Her inquiries reveal that several employees in her office are colluding with the mafia, forming an unholy nexus that enables these illegal operations. Determined to dismantle this network, she initiates strict actions, including raids on trucks transporting illegally mined bauxite. These actions significantly disrupt the mafia's operations, unsettling criminals unaccustomed to such resistance. Some office employees allegedly allied with the mafia inform the criminals of her determination to dismantle their operations, posing a serious threat to their profits. In response, the mafia adopts a counter-offensive strategy. Tribal strongmen and mafia operatives begin issuing direct threats to her, warning of severe consequences if the raids continue. Her family (husband and elderly mother) are stalked and placed under virtual surveillance, causing mental anguish and stress for them all. Matters assume serious propositions when a muscleman appears in her office and threatens that if she does not halt raids, etc., she will suffer the same fate as a predecessor officer who was killed by the mafia a decade earlier.\na) Discuss the ethical issues involved in this case.\nb) Identify and evaluate the different options available to Arushi under the given situation.\nc) Which option would she adopt and why?","20","250"],[34,"Q.8) The Siang Upper Multipurpose Project (SUMP) is proposed on a river in a northeastern state of India, a recognized biodiversity hotspot. Covered in dense forests, this region harbors a rich diversity of flora and fauna, including numerous endemic species. Although sparsely populated, the region's communities have livelihoods and cultural practices deeply intertwined with the natural landscape. Its ecological wealth has been preserved over the years due to its environmental significance and cultural heritage. Additionally, the Upper Siang basin holds immense strategic importance due to its proximity to international borders, offering potential leverage in regional security and resource management.\nThe SUMP aims to harness the river's energy for economic growth, proposing infrastructure that includes an 11,000 MW \"mega dam,\" power stations, and transmission lines that could transform the state into a renewable energy hub. Proponents argue that the project will boost the state's economy through power generation, employment, and enhanced infrastructure while also helping meet the country's clean energy targets.\nHowever, a local NGO has raised concerns about the ecological and social costs of SUMP. The project would require extensive forest clearance, which plays a crucial role in carbon sequestration. Additionally, experts warn that construction activities could disturb the region's delicate ecosystems. This may affect riverine biodiversity and increase the risk of soil erosion and sedimentation, with potential downstream effects on agriculture and water quality. Another major issue raised is the potential displacement and cultural impact on local communities. This could threaten their subsistence-based livelihoods and disrupt their way of life. Critics also highlight that the project may contradict India's commitments to sustainable development.\nDespite these concerns, supporters of the project argue that SUMP's strategic importance and clean energy potential cannot be ignored. Moreover, they emphasize the project's strategic location, which would strengthen energy security, reduce regional inequalities, and contribute to the country's long-term development goals. They argue that amidst rising energy demands, the country cannot afford to forgo such an opportunity, especially given the presence of hydroelectric projects across borders that could shift regional control over water resources.\n(a) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\n(b) In your opinion, which should take priority between development and conservation, and why?","20","250"],[35,"(a) उपयुक्त परिस्थिति में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों का वर्णन कीजिए?\n(b) आपकी राय में विकास और संरक्षण में से किसे प्राथमिकता दी जानी चाहिए और क्यों?","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[42,"Q.10 Littering at popular tourist destinations has become a significant environmental and ethical concern in India. A recent incident highlighted this issue when tourists were observed throwing tissue papers and a cake box on the road after celebrating a birthday. When a local politely requested them to use a nearby dustbin just 5 feet away, the tourists dismissed the appeal, claiming no dustbin was available. The situation escalated when their driver threw a plastic bag into the adjacent valley.\n\nPublic reactions to the incident were divided. Some individuals commended the intervention as an effort to promote civic responsibility, emphasizing the need to protect fragile ecosystems like hill stations. Many argued that tourists must adhere to basic environmental ethics and that public spaces are a shared responsibility. Critics also highlighted the broader implications of such irresponsible behavior on the environment and local livelihoods.\n\nOn the other hand, the tourists involved accused those intervening of interfering in their personal affairs, claiming their privacy was being violated. The argument that the tourists were being publicly shamed through the viral video added another layer to the ethical debate. Many questioned whether posting such incidents online, even for a social cause, was appropriate or necessary.\n\nThe debate continues, with one side emphasizing the collective responsibility to preserve public spaces and the environment, while the other raises concerns about individual privacy and autonomy.\n(a) What are the ethical concerns associated with tourists littering at public destinations?\n(b) How can ethical tourism practices be integrated into policies to address issues like littering at tourist destinations?\n(c) Suggest a course of action that balances environmental responsibility and individual rights. Justify your answer.","20","250"],[47,"Q.11) You are the Operations Manager at a fast-growing technology startup, NexGen Solutions, known for its innovative projects and timely delivery. The startup's environment is fast-paced, with tight deadlines and high expectations from clients and investors. Your current project, creating a cutting-edge AI based application, is critical for securing upcoming funding and partnerships. Your small, capable team includes four software developers and two project coordinators, with an equal number of men and women.\nRecently, the team has encountered major challenges. Priya, one of the female developers, has requested leave to care for her ailing mother. Meanwhile, another team member, Ayesha, is struggling to manage her workload along with caring for her infant child. As a result, other team members have taken on extra tasks, impacting their work-life balance and causing heightened stress. With the project deadline looming, tensions in the team have become visible. During a crucial project meeting, Karan, a senior developer, voices his frustration, saying, \"Perhaps it's not ideal to have team members who can't fully commit during critical stages.\"\nKaran's remark triggers an immediate reaction. Neha, a project coordinator, finds his comment offensive and reports it to the Human Resources (HR) Department. She also hints that she might bring the issue to social media, which could harm the startup's image. The HR Department, located at the company's headquarters, investigates and recommends disciplinary action against Karan, emphasizing the importance of a respectful, inclusive workplace. Their recommendation puts you in a difficult situation. The project is already delayed, and losing a senior developer like Karan could jeopardize its timely completion.\nYou are now faced with a complex dilemma. On one hand, it's vital to address the inappropriate comment and ensure a respectful work culture. On the other hand, you must keep the project on track without further demotivating your team.\n(a) Discuss the ethical issues involved in this case.\n(b) As the Operations Manager, how would you deal with the given situation?\n(c) Based on the case study, discuss the challenges faced by women at workplace. How can such challenges be addressed?","20","250"],[52,"Q.12) Prateek Kumar, the Project Manager, is in charge of the construction of a highly anticipated highway that is expected to drive regional development. The project aims to enhance connectivity, boost trade, and create substantial employment opportunities. Given its importance, it has become a focal point for the ruling party, which is actively promoting it as a symbol of progress ahead of the upcoming state elections next year. The timely completion of the highway is crucial, as the Chief Minister is scheduled to inaugurate it upon completion. This has led to added pressure on Prateek and his team to meet the approaching deadline, which is set for next month.\nDuring a routine inspection, Prateek discovers that a particular stretch of the highway has been built with substandard materials. This section fails to meet the required safety and durability standards, posing a serious threat to public safety and lives. If left unresolved, the compromised quality could lead to accidents, undermining both the project's credibility and the government's promises for safe and reliable infrastructure. Concerned, Prateek raises the issue with the contractor, but the contractor downplays the severity, claiming that minor adjustments will fix the problem without causing major delays.\nIn a subsequent team meeting, some senior members suggest that Prateek overlook the quality concerns to ensure the project remains on schedule. They argue that the majority of the highway meets standards and emphasize the severe economic and political consequences of delays. With elections approaching, they stress the importance of the Chief Minister's inauguration as a key political event. They warn that any delay could damage the ruling party's image, harm its electoral prospects, and potentially have repercussions for the team and the organization.\nLater, the contractor privately approaches Prateek with a substantial bribe, urging him to ignore the issue and allow the project to proceed. The contractor justifies his actions by citing financial pressures and the need to complete the project on time. Prateek is an honest and upright officer, but he understands that addressing the problem would delay the project, making it impossible to meet the deadline.\n(a) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the case.\n(b) Under the given conditions, what are the options available to Prateek as the Project Manager? Critically evaluate each of the options.\n(c) What option should Prateek adopt and why?","20","20"]]},{"i":950,"t":"D Anudeep","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1tKM1QPvjBdJqGbqPreVy2CTmnySyeqJ4/view","q":[[2,"1. What differences do you see in ethics, in public and private relationships? Can there be a conflict between the two? Argue giving suitable examples.","10","150"],[4,"2. It is estimated that only 3% of Indians pay income tax. How can such attitudes be changed? Also point out what steps can be taken to imbibe the spirit of nation building in the youth today?","10","150"],[6,"3. There are times when our conscience and the law of the land are at conflict. Point out an example from your personal life when you encountered such a situation. How did you deal with it? What should be an appropriate course of action, in general, when one is faced with such a conflict?","10","150"],[8,"4. It is said that in International relations, pursuit of one's own interest should be the only objective. Do you agree?","10","150"],[10,"5 (a) If you were asked to design a new framework for defining work culture in Government agencies, what would the basic tenets of such a framework be? (10 Marks) (150 Words)\n(b) How would you go about making Government servants imbibe this new work culture? (10 Marks) (150 Words)","10","150"],[14,"6. Impartiality, empathy and objectivity are said to be important values in public service. What do you understand by each of these terms? Can there be instances when one is faced with a conflict among these values? How can such conflicts be resolved?","10","150"],[16,"7. In the context of public service what does \"responsibility\" mean? What measures can be adopted to ensure individual and collective responsibility of public servants?","10","150"],[18,"8. Integrity is a positive emotion which is important in both personal and professional arena.\" In the light of the given statement, answer the following questions.\na) How can integrity help in dealing with the challenges of both personal and professional life? (10 Marks) (150 Words)\nb) How can the principles of integrity be imbibed in public servants? (10 Marks) (150 Words)","",""],[22,"9. \"When dealing with people, remember you are not dealing with creatures of logic, but with creatures of emotion\". Explain the meaning and significance of this statement. Write a note on its applicability in modern times.","10","150"],[24,"10. \"Environmental values are more important than economic values\". Discuss the above statement with examples in the context of inclusive growth of a nation.","10","150"],[26,"11. You are a district magistrate. A tragic incident took place at tertiary health care centre in your district where nearly 30 infants, suffering from acute encephalitis, died due to oxygen deprivation. Dr X, the head of the encephalitis ward and a paediatrician, managed to save many lives. He rushed to the clinics of his doctor friends and brought around 12 oxygen cylinders in his car. He even spent some money from his own pocket. The parents in the hospital had said that had it not been for X's work, the number of deaths would be more than 30. National media hailed Dr. X as hero for being forefront of rescue effort, bringing oxygen cylinders for the new-born babies who were fighting for their life on the chaotic day when the mass deaths took place at the hospital.\n\nHowever, preliminary enquiry by you revealed that he was involved in selling subsidised oxygen cylinders from the hospital in the open market. This was one of the reasons for the shortage of oxygen. The enquiry also shows that previously he was charged with medical negligence and also accused of private practice. Dr. X, however is being hailed as national hero by the media.\na) As a DM what would be your immediate course of action on Dr. X?\nb) As head of enquiry team how you would balance between appreciating his compassionate and pro-active actions during emergency situation and punishing for being the agent causing such situation.\nc) As a DM what long term measures you will take to avoid such incidents in future?","20","250"],[31,"12. A young man has died of multiple wounds after he was stabbed by two attackers in one of the busy streets in your area. Though over a 100 people had gathered there, no one came forward to help him despite his repeated cries for help. The two men who had stabbed him were arrested later. While no eyewitnesses came forward to give their statement to the police, a 57-second video shot by a bystander is the only proof that showed the bleeding man lying on the road, a knife sticking out of his ribs.\na) Do you think behaviour of people making video of victim rather than helping him is moral?\nb) Would your opinion above change, if instead of a private citizens, a media person was recording the video?\nc) What action you will take if you are present in that situation?\nd) What are moral responsibilities of people in such situation?","20","300"],[36,"13. You are the administrator of a Union Territory. A very popular \"godmen\" in your area has been accused of crimes ranging from sexual abuse to murder. The court has passed arrest orders against the Godman. The Godman not only has tens of thousands of followers but also has several bureaucrats and politicians who are sympathetic to him.\n\nAs an administrator you are compelled to act on the court orders, and make arrests. You are aware that doing so will not be easy, and will lead to large scale violence by his supporters. Additionally you may be politically penalised for doing your job.\na) Analyse the reasons for Godman's syndrome in Indian society.\nb) In such a situation, what will be your course of action and your priorities?\nc) As a civil servant who are agents of social change, suggest few measures to solve the problem.","20","250"],[41,"14. You are the Sub-Divisional Officer (SDO) who granted Community Forest Resource (CFR) rights for fishing inside the Tiger Reserve. Within few days the National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA) of the Government of India ordered against the recognition of forest rights (which are rights recognisable under the Forest Rights Act, 2006) in critical tiger habitats. The forest dwellers as all FRA-related matters are the domain of the Ministry of Tribal Affairs (MoTA), but it has been silent on the order. There are concerns among advocates of wildlife conservation that the recognition of forest rights will negatively impact tiger populations in CTHs. On other hand Tribal activist demand that the NTCA order has no legal or scientific basis, and should be withdrawn with immediate effect, as it may have adverse implications on forest rights of communities living inside CTHs.\na) In the above case, what options are available to you?\nb) What will be your course of action? Justify your position.\nc) In your opinion, should human rights take precedence over animal rights? Justify the morality of your position.","25","300"],[47,"15. It is always problematic to base foreign policy and homeland security on social justice, ethics and morality. There are 40,000 Rohingya Muslims in India. Of them, 16,500 carry United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) cards. These cards should ideally prevent them from being arbitrarily arrested, detained or deported.\n\nThe card also gives them access to education in government schools and free medical care at government hospitals. Government is of view that Rohingya refugees living in India are illegal immigrants; even those registered with the UN refugee agency, and should be deported. The Supreme Court agreed to hear an urgent plea against the government's proposed move to deport Rohingya refugees back to their native Myanmar, where discrimination and possibly summary executions await them.\n\nGovernment's stand is that Rohingya refugees from Myanmar's are potential security threat and providing for refugees from out of the country's limited resources would have an adverse impact on its citizens. International community accused India of lacking \"basic human compassion\" in seeking to deport Rohingya refugees.\n\nIn such situation what are the appropriate ways to address the following questions:\na) What moral and ethical challenges is India facing in dealing with Rohingya refugees?\nb) In clash between national interest versus humanitarian interest, which should be given priority and why?\nc) What long-term initiatives India should take to address regional refugee crisis in holistic manner?","25","300"],[53,"16 You live in a poor urban area bereft of basic amenities. The community faces many problems like lack of health and sanitation facilities. The people are not able to afford education for their children. The pleas of the people have fallen on the deaf ears of the concerned politicians and government officials. You feel cheated that politicians forget about their promises after getting your votes. You have seen officials indulging in corruption. Your pleas to media to cover your issue have been ignored as there is not much matter for increasing the viewership of their channel.\n\nYou and your best friend have a strong desire to do something for the people of your locality. Your friend lands up in a dream role in one of the biggest movies of the year. He earns a lot of money in the next few years. He decides to work for your locality. He has decided to fund education up to graduation level of 100 students from the locality. He has also decided to provide funds to the local people to get their medical treatments done from private clinics. He also plans to address their other concerns.\n\nIn an interaction with him you get to know that he indulges in tax evasion. He says that he does not trust the public authorities as they are corrupt and have never used public funds to address the local concerns. He says it is logical for him to directly take the responsibility of the area and help the people out of their misery. You agree with the ends he intends to achieve. However, you are not comfortable about the means used.\n(a) What are the ethical issues involved in the situation?\n(b) What shall be your course of action to address the various concerns?","20","250"]]},{"i":295,"t":"Darshana Singh Baghel","c":"Forumias","p":"GS3","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/DARSHANA-SINGH-BAGHELUPSC_IAS_2025_Toppers_AIR_383_Sample_MGP_2.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) What is a 'Census'? Discuss the importance of Census for the economy and policy making.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Assess the role of NITI Aayog over the past decade in transforming the country's approach to planning and development.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) Discuss various measures taken by the Government to strengthen the Cooperative movement and ensure \"Sahakar Se Samriddhi\".","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) India remains significantly dependent on imports to meet its pulses demand. Examine the key challenges in achieving self-reliance in pulses. Also, mention the major government initiatives taken in this regard.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) What is a 'Black box'? Explain its significance in flight safety and airplane crash investigations.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) How does NISAR mission exemplify international cooperation in space exploration and scientific research? In what ways will it help in climate change monitoring and natural hazard management?","10","150"],[15,"Q.7 While oceans are considered among mankind's best allies in the fight against climate change, they are themselves heavily impacted by the same. Discuss.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8 “Disasters cannot be managed by a single agency, department, or ministry on its own. It requires a whole-of-government and whole-of-society approach.” Elucidate.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9 The convergence of organized crime and terrorism presents a formidable challenge to the country's internal security. Analyse.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10 In an era of complex security challenges, examine the ways in which the private sector can contribute to strengthening India's internal security.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11 Recently, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) announced a transfer of surplus to the Union Government for the financial year 2024-25. What does 'surplus' mean in this context? How does the RBI generate it, and what is its significance for the country's fiscal policy?","15","250"],[26,"Q.12 Examine the role of Public-Private Partnership (PPP) model in the development of ports in India.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 \"Legalizing the Minimum Support Price (MSP) would create more challenges than it resolves.\" Comment.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 Why does India's agricultural export performance remain weak despite high production levels? What measures would you suggest to improve agri-export competitiveness?","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 How the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) can help India in its socio-economic development? Identify the hurdles in its large-scale adoption and suggest corrective measures.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16) What is a Geographical Indication (GI)? What are the legal frameworks governing it? How does it differ from a trademark? How can GI infringement be tackled?","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 \"Mangroves contribute significantly to the coastal economy and ecology, but they are threatened by numerous factors\". Elaborate. Also, state the measures taken by the government for mangrove conservation and restoration.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18) What is oil pollution? What are its impacts on the marine ecosystem? In what way is oil pollution particularly harmful for a country like India?","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have become an integral aspect of modern conflict and warfare, employed by both state and non-state actors. Discuss its implications for India's security architecture and state the measures being taken to address them. Also suggest other steps to tackle the threats emanating from UAVs.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 Maritime security challenges are complex, driven by both conventional and non-conventional threats. In this context, discuss the key maritime security challenges in India. Also, highlight the measures taken by the government in this regard.","15","250"]]},{"i":298,"t":"Deeksha Chourasiya","c":"Vision","p":"Essay","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/4087f-365537_2488_deeksha_chourasiya_rank_44.pdf","q":[[5,"Write two essays, choosing one topic from each of the Sections A and B, in about 1000-1200 words each :\n1. It is easier to build strong children than to repair broken men.\n2. A mind all logic is like a knife all blade, it makes the hand bleed that uses it.\n3. Just when the caterpillar thought the world was over, it became a butterfly.\n4. History is a cyclic poem written by time upon the memories of man.\n5. The wise man does at once what the fool does finally.\n6. The world is a tragedy to those who feel, but a comedy to those who think.\n7. Perfect clarity would profit the intellect but damage the will.\n8. Keep your face to the sunshine and you cannot see a shadow.","125 x 2 = 250","about 1000-1200 words each"],[6,"1. It is easier to build strong children than to repair broken men.\n2. A mind all logic is like a knife all blade, it makes the hand bleed that uses it.\n3. Just when the caterpillar thought the world was over, it became a butterfly.\n4. History is a cyclic poem written by time upon the memories of man.","",""],[7,"This essay shall explore the how a knife with a sharp blade of logic can be detrimental? How does it make the world bleed? And lastly how can we build a safe knife with a handle for values?","",""]]},{"i":296,"t":"Deeksha Chourasiya","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2025,"r":44,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/DEEKSHA-CHOURASIYAUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-44-Sample-MGP-Copy-1-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) \"Extraordinary powers must be exercised with extraordinary care.\" Discuss in the context of Article 142 of the Indian Constitution.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Why are State Legislative Assemblies involved in the election of the President but excluded from the process of impeachment?","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) Private Member's Bills (PMBs) seldom become law in India, yet they are an important aspect of parliamentary democracy. Bring out their significance and suggest steps to strengthen the PMB process.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) Highlight the key points of convergence and divergence between the judicial systems of India and USA.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) The role of Election Commission of India has evolved beyond conducting elections to becoming a guardian of electoral democracy. Critically evaluate.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6 What is the rationale behind the 'three-language formula' in India's education policy? Also highlight the challenges associated with its adoption and implementation across the country.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7 'Emerging environmental concerns and evolving ecosystem perspectives demand a reimagined approach to rural water governance.' Discuss the key interventions needed to recalibrate rural water policies with special emphasis on the role of communities.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8 Identify and discuss the challenges hindering effective implementation of gender-sensitive policies and schemes in the country.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9) Effective transboundary water management can act as a catalyst for regional peace and cooperation. In light of this statement, bring out the opportunities and challenges for India in leveraging 'water diplomacy' in its neighbourhood.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10) What are the key areas of reform if the World Trade Organization (WTO) has to remain relevant in the present context of rising protectionism and trade wars?","10","150"],[23,"Q.11) The basic structure doctrine acts as a constitutional compass in balancing Parliament's legislative authority and constitutional supremacy. Comment.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12 Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) are pivotal to inclusive and efficient urban governance, yet they remain fiscally constrained and institutionally weak. Analyze.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 \"The judiciary has functioned as an institutional corrective, redefining and refining the contours of the Governor's office to prevent its misuse and uphold constitutional principles.\" Discuss this statement with the help of relevant case laws.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 How is the 'vertical' and 'horizontal' devolution of taxes to the states decided? Highlighting the concerns raised by some states regarding the devolution of taxes, suggest corrective measures.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 What steps are required for the constitutionalization of a Commission? Do you think granting constitutional status to the Central Information Commission (CIC) would strengthen the RTI regime in India? Give reasons.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16 Even as India experiences consistent economic growth and has achieved self-sufficiency in food production, hunger and food insecurity remain pressing concerns. Examine the factors responsible for this paradox and suggest steps to improve the situation.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17) The Union Government has recently announced that caste enumeration will be part of the upcoming census. Examine the opportunities and challenges associated with conducting a nationwide 'caste census'. Also, propose a framework for its seamless and effective conduct.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 \"AI integration in governance is no longer a choice but a necessity.\" In light of this statement, discuss how AI can enhance education and healthcare governance.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 Providing a brief overview of the aims and objectives of BIMSTEC, explain its significance for India.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 India's approach to its relationship with China has evolved into what can be best described as 'competitive coexistence'. Discuss in light of recent developments. What should be the broad contours of India's future China policy?","15","250"]]},{"i":297,"t":"Deeksha Chourasiya","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2025,"r":44,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/DEEKSHA-CHOURASIYAUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-44-Sample-MGP-Copy-2.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) Rising influence of money power in Indian elections poses a serious challenge to transparency, fairness, and democratic accountability. How can ethical electoral funding be ensured to maintain the integrity of democracy?","10","150"],[5,"b) Explain the key dimensions of ethics that influence human behaviour. How do these dimensions shape ethical decision-making in private life?","10","150"],[7,"Q.2) a) \"Academic freedom is the bedrock of scholarly inquiry and intellectual progress.\" Examine the ethical issues that arise when educational institutions yield to political, social, or economic pressures and compromises academic freedom.","10","150"],[9,"b) Fortitude enables a civil servant to make difficult yet morally right decisions. Explain with reference to real-life examples.","10","150"],[11,"Q.3) Given below are the three quotations of great thinkers. What do each of these quotations convey to you in the present context?\na) \"When learning is purposeful, creativity blossoms. When creativity blossoms, thinking emanates. When thinking emanates, knowledge is fully lit. When knowledge is lit, the economy flourishes.\" - Abdul Kalam.","10","150"],[13,"b) \"The difference between what we do and what we are capable of doing would suffice to solve most of the world's problems.\" - Mahatma Gandhi","10","150"],[15,"c) \"Love and compassion are necessities, not luxuries. Without them, humanity cannot survive.\" - Dalai Lama","10","150"],[17,"Q.4) a) What do you understand by the term 'probity in governance'? Explain how probity acts as the foundation of ethical public administration.","10","150"],[19,"b) \"Starvation must not be used as a weapon of war.\" Yet, parties involved in conflicts often resort to the blockade of food and medical aid to civilians in conflict zones, deepening the humanitarian crisis. Powerful nations, despite their capacity to intervene, tend to prioritise strategic interests over humanitarian concerns. What ethical considerations should guide powerful nations in preventing such actions and ensuring unimpeded humanitarian access?","10","150"],[21,"Q.5) a) What teachings of Mahavira are most relevant today and why? Discuss.","10","150"],[23,"b) \"In contemporary times, social media platforms have emerged as powerful agents in shaping individual and societal attitudes.\" Do you agree with this view? Justify your answer.","10","150"],[25,"Q.6) a) What do you understand by the 'voice of conscience'? In what ways can you prepare yourself to listen to the voice of conscience?","10","150"],[27,"b) Effective utilisation of public funds is not merely an administrative requirement but a moral responsibility of those entrusted with public office. However, instances of funds allocated to government schemes lying idle or being diverted towards extraneous purposes continue to be reported across the country. Examine the reasons for under-utilization and mis-utilization of public funds and their implications.","10","150"],[29,"Q.7 A rail overbridge (ROB) is being planned in the capital city of a central Indian state. The project aims to reduce traffic congestion and ease delays at railway crossings, which affect thousands of daily commuters. It had been a long-standing demand of local residents, and the government approved it to address persistent traffic bottlenecks in the area. The project is to be executed by the State Public Works Department (PWD), with a strict completion deadline of one year i.e. 31st July 2026. The PWD Minister, who is also the local MLA, is scheduled to inaugurate the project in the third week of August 2026. This is planned to take place shortly before the expected announcement of state elections. Ramesh has been selected as the project manager of this prestigious assignment on the basis of his professional competence and experience.\n\nWhile reviewing the approved design plans in preparation for execution, Ramesh identifies a serious flaw. The proposed alignment includes a sharp 90-degree turn, incorporated due to spatial constraints between an electrified railway line on one side and ongoing metro construction on the other. From a technical standpoint, Ramesh believes the design is unsafe. It increases the risk of vehicular accidents, especially for heavy vehicles, and may lead to long-term inconvenience for road users.\n\nRamesh promptly raises the issue with the Chief Engineer. However, the Chief Engineer overrules the concern. He states that the General Arrangement Drawing (GAD) has already been approved by the Bridge Engineering Department, in coordination with Indian Railways. He points out that revisiting the design at this stage shall result in project delays, increased expenditure, and unwanted political attention.\n\nSubsequently, Ramesh comes to know that the contractor awarded the tender to execute the project is a close relative of the PWD Minister. He also receives unofficial communication suggesting that his promotion to Additional Chief Engineer is under active consideration, but could be jeopardised if he creates \"unnecessary hurdles\" in the project's timely completion.\n\nThe incumbent state government is eager to complete the overbridge before the elections and present it as a major developmental achievement. This adds to the pressure on Ramesh to expedite project execution without raising further objections. Nonetheless, he remains convinced that the current design is flawed and could have grave implications for public safety if left unaddressed.\n\nMeanwhile, the bridge design has also attracted widespread public attention after being published in a leading local newspaper. Images of the sharp 90-degree turn went viral on social media, drawing criticism and ridicule. Several engineering experts have publicly flagged the alignment as a potential safety hazard, reinforcing Ramesh's concerns.\na) Under the given conditions, what are the options available to Ramesh as a project manager?\nb) What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by Ramesh?\nc) What are the professional challenges likely to be faced by Ramesh and his response to overcome such challenges?","20","250"],[30,"a) दी गई परिस्थितियों में, एक परियोजना प्रबंधक के रूप में रमेश के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?  \nb) रमेश को किन नैतिक दुविधाओं का सामना करना पड़ रहा है?  \nc) रमेश को किन व्यावसायिक चुनौतियों का सामना करना पड़ सकता है तथा ऐसी चुनौतियों पर नियंत्रण पाने के लिए उसकी क्या प्रतिक्रिया होनी चाहिए?\na) दी गई परिस्थितियों में, एक परियोजना प्रबंधक के रूप में रमेश के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\nb) रमेश को किन नैतिक दुविधाओं का सामना करना पड़ रहा है?\nc) रमेश को किन व्यावसायिक चुनौतियों का सामना करना पड़ सकता है तथा ऐसी चुनौतियों पर नियंत्रण पाने के लिए उसकी क्या प्रतिक्रिया होनी चाहिए?","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[34,"Q.8) Srushti is a young and dynamic IPS officer, posted as Assistant Superintendent of Police (ASP) in a communally sensitive district. Her husband, Arjun, is an IAS officer and posted as Sub-Divisional Magistrate (SDM) in the same district. Both are honest, sincere and deeply committed to their work. They have a daughter who is just four months old, and is looked after by a domestic helper. Srushti resumed duty just two weeks ago after six months of maternity leave.\n\nAt 9 PM on Saturday night, Srushti is in her office reviewing the security arrangements with her team for an upcoming local festival. The situation in the area has been tense throughout the week due to a flare-up between two communities over a petty issue. Around 9:30 PM, she gets a call from the Superintendent of Police. He asks her to prepare a detailed law and order brief for a high-level meeting the next morning.\n\nSrushti reaches home at 10 PM, feeling exhausted. She has not been getting proper sleep during the week due to frequent night patrolling. Arjun also returns around the same time after a long day in the field. Their daughter has been unwell and cried through most of the previous night. Arjun expresses concern about Srushti's heavy workload and the baby's condition. He tells her that she can not keep pushing herself like this and that the child needs more of her attention. Srushti replies that she cannot afford to step back. She adds that people are already judging her and questioning her commitment to work for availing maternity leave. The conversation gradually turns into an argument. Arjun feels Srushti is ignoring her health and family, while Srushti feels judged and unsupported.\n\nLater that night, as Srushti sits at her desk preparing the report, she pauses and reflects on the purpose of her work. She had joined the IPS to serve the people and protect the vulnerable. But now, she wonders if she is being fair to her own child and family. Even as recently as last week, she had to cancel the family dinner as she had to attend an urgent meeting at the SP office. She also feels the weight of expectations. Male officers with children are rarely questioned. But as a new mother, she is constantly under scrutiny. Many in the department believe that women, especially new mothers, are not suitable for field duty.\n\nSrushti starts thinking about her options. She knows that whatever decision she makes will not only impact her own future but also influence the expectations placed on other working mothers in uniform.\na) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\nb) Evaluate the options available to Srushti in the above situation.\nc) What suggestions would you make to help officers like Srushti maintain a healthy work-life balance.","20","20"],[35,"a) उपयुक्त मामले में नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं?\nb) उपरोक्त स्थिति में सृष्टि के लिए उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन करें।\nc) सृष्टि जैसे अधिकारियों को स्वस्थ कार्य-जीवन संतुलन बनाए रखने में मदद करने के लिए आप क्या सुझाव देंगे?\na) उपयुक्त मामले में नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं?\nb) उपरोक्त स्थिति में सृष्टि के लिए उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन करें।\nc) सृष्टि जैसे अधिकारियों को स्वस्थ कार्य-जीवन संतुलन बनाए रखने में मदद करने के लिए आप क्या सुझाव देंगे?","20 अंक","250 शब्द"],[39,"Q.9 A reputed Indian beauty & personal care company developed a herbal skin cream for the international market, claiming anti-ageing and skin-repair properties based on traditional Ayurvedic formulations. After obtaining the necessary approvals and export certifications, the company began exporting the product. The product received widespread positive feedback for its quality and natural formulation, and soon became a huge hit in international markets. Riding on this success, the company announced that the product would soon be made available to domestic consumers, with almost the same quality and health benefits.\n\nSubsequently, it secured approval from the domestic regulatory authority and launched the product in the Indian market. Over time, the brand gained a significant share of the domestic market and earned substantial revenues both nationally and internationally.\n\nHowever, during a random sample check, officials discovered that the cream sold in India differed from the version approved by the competent authority. The product failed to meet the claimed herbal composition and purity standards. Further investigation revealed that the company had often been distributing batches that had failed export quality checks.\n\nThe incident triggered widespread public criticism and regulatory scrutiny, leading to a sharp decline in the company’s reputation and financial performance.\na) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the case.\nb) What actions should the competent regulatory authority take against the personal care company for violating domestic quality standards and distributing rejected export batches in the Indian market?\nc) What course of action is available to the company to manage the crisis and restore public trust and brand credibility?","20","250"],[43,"Q.10 A forest fire has broken out in a hilly district and is rapidly spreading toward an eco-sensitive area that includes four villages (ESA villages). These villages lie along the forest fringe and are surrounded by difficult terrain. The region is known for its biodiversity and traditional forest-based livelihoods. The inhabitants of these villages are mostly poor tribal communities, dependent on forest resources for their sustenance.\nYou, as the District Magistrate of the area, have rushed to the spot with a medical team, police personnel, NGOs, media, and support staff to oversee the rescue and containment operations. Your disaster response team on the ground is small and poorly equipped. Reinforcements from the district headquarter have been requested, but they may take several hours to arrive due to the remoteness and challenging terrain.\nIn the meantime, a group of trained ex-forest guards and local youth from the villages offer to help. They are experienced and familiar with the area. However, existing government rules do not permit the engagement of unofficial personnel in fire control operations without formal clearance and insurance coverage.\nYour team members are divided on this issue. Some members argue that volunteers should be engaged immediately to prevent the fire from spreading. Others caution that involving them without proper approval and safety cover could be risky and against protocol.\nAs the District Magistrate, you are also the Chairperson of the District Disaster Management Authority (DDMA). The fire is spreading at a very rapid rate, and immediate action is required to protect lives, property, and the environment. You are now in a dilemma.\na) What are the options available to you?\nb) Critically evaluate each of the options identified by you.\nc) What option would you adopt and why?\nd) What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by you?","20","250"],[47,"Q.11) In one of the government primary schools located in a rural block of a district, the newly appointed headmistress observed an unusual practice. The school had been preparing and serving mid-day meals separately to students belonging to different communities. Although the meals were cooked using a common gas connection, separate utensils, cooking areas, and serving arrangements had been in place for more than two decades. Students from the two communities had their food cooked and served by different cooks and ate in separate classrooms, despite attending classes together.\nAfter taking charge, the headmistress decided to discontinue this practice. She directed that food be prepared and served together for all students, using a common kitchen and utensils. However, the decision triggered backlash. A considerable number of parents across communities vehemently opposed the move and stopped sending their children to school. Consequently, attendance fell by almost 60 percent. This also raised concerns regarding the possible discontinuation of the mid-day meal scheme, withdrawal of teaching staff, and even closure of the school due to falling enrolment. The issue has attracted attention from various political and social groups attempting to further polarise the situation and serve their vested interests.\nMarpi Apang, the District Education Officer (DEO), has been tasked by the Deputy Commissioner's office to amicably resolve the matter at the earliest. She has also been directed to submit a detailed report along with the Action Taken Report within a fortnight.\na) Identify the ethical issues involved in this case.\nb) What course of action should Marpi adopt and why?\nc) What should be the responsibilities of different social segments and agencies to create positive social ambiance for accepting such changes?","20","250"],[52,"Q.12 You are a Municipal Commissioner of a tier-2 city experiencing rapid urban expansion. Several high-rise residential and commercial buildings are under construction in the city to meet the growing demand for housing. One such luxury residential complex is being built, employing hundreds of daily-wage labourers, many of whom live in temporary settlements at the construction site. Late one night during the monsoon season, a large section of scaffolding and concrete slabs collapses from the upper floors of one of the under-construction buildings. Seven labourers, including two minors, die on the spot. Several others are critically injured and rushed to the hospital. The tragic incident results in public outrage, intense media scrutiny, and protests by a local NGO. The state government orders a formal inquiry and directs you to submit a report within a week. Your preliminary investigation reveals a series of irregularities. The construction material used is substandard and not in accordance with the National Building Code. Although the approved plan permits construction of fifteen floors, the builder has illegally added two extra floors. Moreover, the structure has encroached on land demarcated for a community park and a fire service lane under the city's Zonal Development Plan. These violations are not reported during site inspections conducted by the building inspector of the municipal corporation. The building clearance was granted during the tenure of your predecessor, who is not only your batchmate but also a close friend. Both of you were roommates during your training at LBSNAA. Prima facie, the case appears to involve a widespread nexus between officials of the Municipal Corporation and the builder. Your colleagues are putting pressure on you to go slow in the inquiry. Some of them suggest that holding the builder accountable could damage the city's image among investors and slow down urban development. Meanwhile, you come to know that the builder is the younger brother of a powerful minister in the state cabinet. One evening, his personal aide visits you privately. He suggests that the matter could be \"mutually settled\" and offers you a premium apartment worth ₹2 crore in the same residential complex. In the same breath, he hints that if the matter is not resolved swiftly in the builder's favour, someone in his office is prepared to file a complaint against you under the SC and ST (Prevention of Atrocities) Act.\na) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the case.\nb) What are the options available to you in this situation?\nc) Explain your selected course of action.","20","20"],[53,"a) मामले में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा करें।\nb) इस स्थिति में आपके पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\nc) अपनी चुनी हुई कार्यवाही का विवरण दीजिए।","20 अंक, 250 शब्द","20 अंक"],[57,"When must you seek mentorship?","",""]]},{"i":301,"t":"Deeksha Chourasiya","c":"Vision","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/41c5f-365537_4511_deeksha_chourasiya_rank_44.pdf","q":[[6,"1. How does the Supreme Court’s recent decision on Aligarh Muslim University’s minority status affect the interpretation of Article 30 of the Indian Constitution? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[8,"2. The Supreme Court, in a recent verdict, prescribed a time period for the Governor's assent to state legislative bills. What are the implications of this judgment for cooperative federalism and legislative accountability in India? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[10,"3. Discuss the recent changes and initiatives related to cooperatives that aim to smoothen the tussle between the Centre and States in the cooperative sector.","10","150"],[12,"4. In recent years, use of social media and digital mobilisation by civil society has emerged as a powerful form of pressure politics. Examine its impact on policymaking and democratic accountability.","10","150"],[14,"5. How is Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) emerging as a business-led solution for addressing development challenges in India? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"6. Discuss how mechanisms like public consultations and Jan Sunwais in India impact governance outcomes.","10","150"],[18,"7. How effective have the National Action Plan for Drug Demand Reduction (NAPDDR) and Nasha Mukt Bharat Abhiyaan been in addressing substance abuse in India? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[20,"8. Rote learning and neglect of creativity in foundational education setup in India make it less ready for marketplaces that are now driven by Artificial Intelligence. Do you agree with this view? Substantiate your argument.","10","150"],[22,"9. Analyze the transformation of the G7 from a symbol of Western strategic unity to a forum marked by internal contradictions. How should India navigate this changing dynamic to advance its strategic interests? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[24,"10. Discuss the role of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in the development of developing countries. What are the key criticisms associated with its approach? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[26,"11. The 103rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 2019 has introduced a new dimension to the principle of affirmative action in India. Critically examine its implications for the broader goal of social justice.","15","250"],[29,"12. The District Planning Committee (DPC) was envisioned as a key instrument to strengthen grassroots-level planning. How far has it succeeded in achieving this goal? Discuss the challenges faced by DPCs and suggest measures to make them more effective.","15","250"],[32,"13. The restrictions imposed under Article 293 of the Constitution on State borrowing powers, though constitutionally valid, may hinder fiscal autonomy of States and disrupt cooperative federalism. Discuss in the light of recent developments.","15","250"],[35,"14. Examine the tension between the right to contest elections and the need to uphold electoral ethics under the Representation of the People Act. Should there be a lifetime ban on convicted criminals? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[36,"Should there be a lifetime Ban?","",""],[38,"15. To what extent has the Beti Bachao Beti Padhao (BBBP) scheme, launched in 2015, succeeded in addressing the declining child sex ratio and empowering the girl child? Suggest measures to enhance its impact at the grassroots level.","15","Answer in 250"],[41,"16. Self-Help Groups (SHGs) are emerging as vehicles of socio-economic transformation in rural India. Examine the role of government in scaling their reach and effectiveness. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[44,"17. Despite economic growth, multidimensional poverty continues to persist in India. Analyse the underlying causes and discuss the measures taken by the government to address them. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[47,"18. India faces a paradox of food surplus and nutritional deficit. Analyse the structural reasons behind this paradox and suggest reform strategies. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[50,"19. India's timely response during the economic crises in Sri Lanka and the Maldives reflects its \"Neighbourhood First\" policy in action. Examine how Indian aid has impacted bilateral ties with these nations. What steps can further be taken to promote sustainable economic cooperation in the Indian Ocean region? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[53,"20. Discuss the geostrategic significance of Afghanistan for India in the context of continental connectivity and access to Central Asia. How has the altered political landscape post-2021 affected India's connectivity and energy corridor ambitions? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"]]},{"i":302,"t":"Deeksha Chourasiya","c":"Vision","p":"GS3","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/1da64-365537_4512_deeksha_chourasiya_rank_44.pdf","q":[[6,"1. Analyse the factors that have contributed to India's inclusive economic growth in the past decade.","10","150"],[8,"2. The Reserve Bank of India’s surplus transfers offer the government much-needed fiscal space, yet they are not without challenges. Critically examine the implications of the RBI's surplus transfers to the government.","10","Answer in 150"],[10,"3. To what extent was the first National Monetization Pipeline (NMP) able to meet its objectives? What are the objectives of the new Asset Monetization Plan 2025-30 as announced in the recent 2025 Budget? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[12,"4. Examine the major challenges hindering the Indian textile industry from achieving its full potential in the global value chain. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[14,"5. Why has India become increasingly import-dependent for edible oils despite being a major agricultural economy? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"6. Air accidents are low-frequency but high-impact events. Examine the disaster management protocols in place for aviation-related emergencies in India. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[18,"7. Chemical pollution poses a grave threat to human health and the environment in India. Discuss the key sources contributing to pervasive chemical contamination and evaluate the effectiveness of existing environmental laws in curbing this problem.","10","Answer in 150"],[20,"8. Missile defence systems are becoming critical for national security in the face of evolving regional threats and advanced weapon technologies. Explain the working principle of missile defence systems. Critically assess India's progress in developing indigenous missile defence capabilities. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[22,"9. Despite multiple resolutions and initiatives undertaken by the United Nations Security Council (UNSC), its efforts to counter terrorism have achieved limited success. Discuss the reasons for this limited effectiveness. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[24,"10. India practices a ‘multi-alignment’ approach in its cyber diplomacy. How does this posture strengthen India’s internal security while maintaining strategic autonomy? (Answer in 150 words)","","150"],[26,"11. While examining the shortcomings of the land reforms in the past, elaborate what land reforms 2.0 should look like. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[29,"12. As NITI Aayog completes 10 years of its establishment, critically examine its role in the planning and development paradigm of governance in India. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[32,"13. What are the primary causes of limited formal credit penetration among the rural and unbanked populations in India? Comment on the effectiveness of Small Finance Banks in addressing this gap and advancing inclusive financial growth.","","250"],[35,"14. To what extent has the Production Linked Incentive Scheme for the food processing industry facilitated value addition, employment generation, and global competitiveness in India's food processing industry? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[38,"15. Waste circularity is emerging as a sustainable solution to India's mounting solid waste crisis. Discuss the key principles of waste circularity and the government's initiative in this regard. How effective have these measures been in fostering a circular economy? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[41,"16 Discuss the importance of integrating traditional ecological knowledge of India's tribal communities with modern disaster management frameworks. Mention two examples where indigenous practices have contributed to disaster resilience.","15","250"],[44,"17. CRISPR technology has rapidly advanced in recent years, with new tools and clinical breakthroughs. Highlight the recent developments in CRISPR-based gene editing technology applications. Discuss the opportunities and ethical challenges these advancements present for healthcare and society.","15","250"],[47,"18. A credible semiconductor ecosystem is pivotal for India's economic security as much as for national security. Analyse the strategic objectives, incentives, and institutional architecture of the India Semiconductor Mission (ISM). Identify the major risks that could derail its timelines.","15","250"],[50,"19. Intricate inter-play of diverse factors has been the force multipliers for extremism in the North East. Discuss. Suggest a multilayered strategy to tackle the menace of extremism in this region.","15","250"],[53,"20. Despite recent steps towards inducting women into combat roles, their participation remains low. Examine the key challenges impeding the greater inclusion of women in the Indian armed forces. Also, suggest suitable measures to enhance their participation.","15","Answer in 250"]]},{"i":299,"t":"Deeksha Chourasiya","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/8e72b-365537_2421_deeksha_chourasiya_rank_44.pdf","q":[[3,"1. (a) Societies across the world are witnessing a gradual moral decline in values and it is time that educators stepped in and made efforts to rekindle the desire of human beings to develop personal, social, and professional moral values. Do you agree that in the wake of changing social landscape in the country, value education is as important as technical education for the youth to become not only skilled but also morally strong professionals? Explain.","10","150"],[5,"1. Guru Nanak Dev ji believed that despite religion, caste, and gender, everyone should seek well for others and only then one can have that goodness back in return. Discuss the important teachings of Guru Nanak Dev ji relevant to the youth of today.","10","150"],[7,"2. (a) The ‘work from home’ culture that gained wide acceptance with the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has led to many ethical concerns for private organizations with moonlighting being one of the most prominent ones. Do you think that it is ethical for an employee to practice moonlighting? Discuss.","10","150"],[9,"2. While there are multiple institutions to ensure fairness in international relations, states often put aside moral values and the directions of these institutions for their own interests. Discuss with illustrations. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[11,"3. What does each of the following quotations mean to you?\n(a) \"It takes something more than intelligence to act intelligently.\" - Fyodor Dostoyevsky (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[13,"3. (b) \"A popular government, without popular information, or the means of acquiring it, is but a prologue to a farce or a tragedy; or perhaps both.\" – James Madison","10","150"],[15,"3. (c) \"Character may almost be called the most effective means of persuasion.\" – Aristotle (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[17,"4. (a) While impartiality has been identified as one of the key ethical values for public service, it should not be seen as precluding compassion in public services. Explain with suitable illustrations.","10","150"],[19,"4. (b) The power, which administrators wield, can bring the nation great dividends if rightly used, but can bring harm and disrepute if abused. Explain with suitable illustrations. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[21,"5. (a) What do you understand by the term 'social accountability' and what is its significance? Discuss the critical factors responsible for the success of any social accountability initiative.","10","150"],[23,"5. (b) Too much dependence on data driven technologies can result in data colonisation and digital dictatorship. Discuss the various issues that may arise in this context and suggest remedial measures.","10","150"],[25,"6. (a) Prejudice and discrimination when left unaddressed have the potential to turn conflicts into violence. Discuss with examples.","10","150"],[27,"6. (b) Though the ‘Me Too Movement’ helped in creating some murmur with respect to sexual harassment of women at workplace, it has failed to create a lasting positive impact on the work culture in India. Do you agree? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[29,"7 You have been working in a well-known business consultancy company for nearly 15 years and have been promoted to a senior executive level. You have a junior colleague, named Meera, whom you have been mentoring from time to time. The time and effort she has invested in the company along with your guidance has led her to rapidly grow professionally in the organisation. The work environment has also been conducive for her growth. Meanwhile, Meera's mother has been ill and requiring medical attention for the past few years. Her medical bills have been increasing rapidly over time.\n\nRecently, Meera encountered an uncomfortable experience of sexual advances at the hands of your immediate boss, which she reported to Human Resources Department (HRD) of the company instantly. The concerned boss has been instrumental in the success of the company and is also well-connected within the company and beyond. He has indirectly offered a large amount for the settlement of this issue to Meera. If Meera accepts his offer, she will have to sign a non-disclosure agreement that restricts her from re-opening the issue or even discussing\n(a) इस मामले में शामिल मुख्य हितधारकों की पहचान कीजिए।\n(b) उपयुक्त मामले में सत्यनिष्ठा और नैतिकता से संबंधित मुद्दों पर प्रकाश डालिए।\n(c) मीरा के पास कौन-से अन्य विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं? उसे किस विकल्प का चयन करना चाहिए और क्यों?","","around 250"],[30,"In the given circumstances, address the following:\n(a) Identify the main stakeholders involved in this case.\n(b) Highlight the issues related to integrity and ethics in the case above.\n(c) What are the various options available to Meera? Which option should she choose and why? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[34,"8 You have recently joined as a Regional Sales Manager of a pharmaceutical company and have been given a sales target for the year, which is unusually high as per your assessment. On surveying the market, however, you have observed that the competitors are achieving such targets. On a deeper analysis, you come across unethical practices of giving gifts, payments and hospitality benefits to doctors by their medical representatives. This is prohibited by the Uniform Code of Pharmaceuticals Marketing Practices. You contacted the National Sales Manager in this regard but he hinted at achieving the released targets at whatever cost. You directed the Area Sales Managers to meet their respective targets while not engaging in the practice of unethical incentives to the doctors. They have communicated their concerns regarding their inability to meet the targets without provision of these perks and benefits.\n(a) What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by you in this context?\n(b) Discuss the merits and demerits of the options available to you? Which of these will you choose and why?\n(c) What are the ethical alternatives available to the pharmaceutical sector to market their products? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[39,"9 In this context, answer the following questions.\n(a) What are the ethical issues associated with the excessive use of social media by civil servants?\n(b) How can social media be effectively utilized by public officials? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[44,"10 You are a young IAS officer and have recently joined as a Sub-Divisional Magistrate in a district, which has been declared 'open defecation free'. However, you get information that some villages in your sub-division are still continuing the practice of open defecation out of habit despite availability of toilets. Your colleagues in the district administration confirm that the information is true. You call the village headmen of these villages and tell them to persuade their respective villagers to stop open defecation. But, they express their unwillingness and inability to fully stop this practice, as in some cases they themselves consider it healthy to defecate in the open. You discuss this matter with the District Magistrate who forbids you from taking any official action, as this may cause the 'open defecation free' status given to the district to be withdrawn.\n\nAs a young and dynamic officer, answer the following:\n(a) Why do people continue to practice open defecation even when they have access to toilets?\n(b) What are the options available to you as the Sub-Divisional Magistrate in this case? Highlight the merits and demerits of each option.\n(c) What will be your course of action? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[49,"11 You are the District Magistrate of a district, which is the hub of coaching centres for engineering as well as medical entrance exams. Recently, around 5 students have committed suicide owing to academic and social pressure. Students in the age group 15-18 years from across the country come to the district with the dream of getting admission into prestigious institutions like the IITs and AIIMS. However, the coaching institutes are business-minded and want to have toppers from their institute so that they can attract more students. They create a lot of pressure on students to perform, with differential treatment like forming different category of batches depending on students' performance. These students live as Paying Guests and in hostels away from their families and many cannot tackle the huge burden of competition and the associated mental stress.\n\nThe recent spate of suicide by 5 students has been highlighted by the national media and you have been asked by the Chief Minister to present a report of the situation and take steps on the matter. The Chief Minister has also asked you to keep the matter away from limelight so that the coaching centres continue with their business and generate revenue for themselves as well as the state. Upon\n(a) इसमें शामिल हितधारकों का उल्लेख कीजिए और दिए गए प्रकरण से जुड़े नैतिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\n(b) दी गई स्थिति में, आप क्या कार्रवाई करेंगे?\n(c) छात्रों के बीच आत्महत्या के मामलों में वृद्धि के विभिन्न कारणों पर चर्चा करते हुए, इस मुद्दे के दीर्घकालिक समाधान के लिए उपाय सुझाइए।","",""],[50,"Given the situation:\n(a) Highlight the stakeholders involved and discuss the associated ethical issues in the given case.\n(b) Given the situation, what will be your course of action?\n(c) Discussing the various reasons for increased cases of suicides among students, suggest measures to address the issue in the long-run. (Answer in 250 words)20","20","250"],[54,"12. You have recently joined as the Chief Executive Officer of the Water Supply and Sewerage Board in a metropolitan city of India. Recently, there was an incident where two poor people died while undertaking hazardous cleaning of sewers in a posh neighbourhood, housing top corporate honchos of the city. The preliminary report found that a few residents in the said neighbourhood employed private workers to clean the sewers without the knowledge of the local city administration. A complaint for causing death by negligence has been registered against the concerned residents as well as the private contractor through whom these poor people were employed to carry out the task. The complaint has come as a shock to the residents of the neighbourhood, most of whom never had a brush with the law before. During the investigation, the residents of the neighbourhood complained that the local administration has not been cleaning sewers for a long time, forcing them to hire private workers. You also come to know that there has been a confusion over the maintenance works in the city administration, with no resolution till date. The city administration, as a whole, has also been facing a shortage of funds to build\n(a) संबंधित मुद्दों के साथ प्रकरण में शामिल हितधारकों की पहचान कीजिए।\n(b) दिए गए प्रकरण में आपके समक्ष उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन कीजिए। आप इनमें से कौन-सा विकल्प चुनेंगे और क्यों?\n(c) भविष्य में ऐसी घटनाओं को रोकने के लिए आप कौन-से दीर्घकालीन उपाय करेंगे?","",""],[55,"In light of the above situation, answer the following questions:\n(a) Identify the stakeholders involved in the case along with the associated issues.\n(b) Evaluate the options that are available to you in the given case. Which of these options will you choose and why?\n(c) What will be the long-term measures you will take to prevent such an incident from occurring in the future? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"]]},{"i":300,"t":"Deeksha Chourasiya","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/ca565-365537_2425_deeksha_chourasiya_rank_44.pdf","q":[[6,"1. (a) For effective corporate governance to take place in the coming years, why is it important to integrate the ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) metrics with the multi-stakeholder approach? What benefits can be accrued by such integration? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[8,"1. (b) In acts of corruption, the focus is often only on the demand side of the equation, on public officials who abuse their office for private gain. Frequently, the supply side is given less attention. Those who pay bribes are sometimes depicted as innocent parties and victims of extortionary practices of wily public servants. Do you agree that 'collusive corruption', in which there is a willing bribe-giver, is a formidable challenge for institutions fighting corruption? (Answer in 150 words)","","150"],[10,"2. (a) The Citizens' Charters initiative was a response to the quest for solving the problems, which a citizen encountered, day in and day out, while dealing with the organisations providing public services. But the introduction and implementation of Citizens' Charters in the government of India has been difficult due to the old bureaucratic set up and the rigid attitudes of the work force. Discuss the major obstacles that have been encountered in implementing the Citizens' Charter initiative.","10","150"],[12,"2. (b) Quality of public service delivery is a major determinant of the quality of life of vulnerable sections in a highly unequal society divided along the lines of class, caste, religion, etc. In this background, do you think that public service delivery is efficient and sufficient enough to improve the lives of vulnerable groups in India? Critically examine.","10","150"],[14,"3 (a) What do each of the following quotations mean to you?\n \"The wise man does not lay up his own treasures. The more he gives to others, the more he has for his own.\" - Lao Tzu (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"3. (b) \"If ethics are poor at the top, that behavior is copied down through the organization.\" - Robert Noyce (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[18,"3. (c) \"The end of law is not to abolish or restrain, but to preserve and enlarge freedom.\" - John Locke (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[20,"4. (a) Wealthy CEOs and founders of successful businesses around the world are increasingly pledging to give away their wealth in philanthropy. Do you think that such a move is sufficient enough to bring about a positive change in the society? Critically examine.","10","150"],[22,"4. (b) As organizations across the globe begin their artificial intelligence (AI) transformation, the leap into the AI era is expected to be more challenging than any technology that businesses have grappled with yet. In this background, discuss the concerns around fairness, transparency, and job security that may arise.","10","150"],[24,"5. (a) The emphasis of Swami Dayanand Saraswati on education, social equality, and ethical values continues to influence the socio-cultural discourse in contemporary India. Discuss with suitable examples.","10","150"],[26,"5. (b) Write short notes on the following in 30 words each :\n(i) Dedication to public service\n(ii) Non-partisanship in civil service\n(iii) Objectivity in decision-making","2 x 5 = 10","30 words each"],[28,"6. (a) Emotional intelligence may not be singularly associated with emotions or intelligence. It can also include a broad range of personality characteristics that might predict success in professional and everyday life. Discuss.","10","150"],[30,"6. (b) Traditional forms of state-led accountability, also characterised as vertical and horizontal channels of accountability, are increasingly found to be inadequate, and a myriad of multi-stakeholder and bottom-up citizen directed approaches have come to the fore, to supplement or supplant them. Discuss with illustrations.","10","150"],[32,"7 In the context of this case, answer the following:\n(a) What are the issues involved in this case?\n(b) What measures can be taken to reduce the negative impacts of such technologies? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[33,"With reference to this case study, answer the following:\n(a) What are the issues involved in this case?\n(b) What measures can be taken to minimize the negative implications of adopting such technologies? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[37,"8. दी गई स्थिति में:\n(a) रीना को किन दुविधाओं का सामना करना पड़ रहा है?\n(b) उसके पास क्या विकल्प हैं? प्रत्येक के गुण और दोष बताइए।\n(c) उसके द्वारा अपनाई जाने वाली कार्रवाई को मूल्यांकित कीजिए, साथ ही उसका औचित्य सिद्ध कीजिए। (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250"],[38,"In the given situation:\n(a) What dilemmas does Rina face?\n(b) What options does she have? Provide the merits and demerits of each.\n(c) Highlight the course of action she should adopt, along with justification for the same. (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[42,"9 As the Nodal Education Officer of the district, address the following questions:\n(a) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\n(b) How will you resolve the issues in the given case?\n(c) What long-term strategy needs to be adopted to deal with the menace of cheating in various examinations? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[47,"10. उपयुक्त जानकारी के संदर्भ में, निम्नलिखित पर ध्यान दीजिए:\n(a) प्रस्तुत प्रकरण में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दे कौन-से हैं?\n(b) महासागरों की संधारणीयता पर प्रतिकूल प्रभाव डाले बिना किसी राष्ट्र के आर्थिक विकास के दृष्टिकोण को कैसे प्राप्त किया जा सकता है? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250 शब्दों में"],[48,"In the context of the above-stated information, address the following:\n(a) What are the ethical issues in the given case study?\n(b) How can the vision of economic development of a nation be achieved without adversely affecting the sustainability of oceans? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[52,"11 (a) आप एक जिला मजिस्ट्रेट हैं और यह क्षेत्र आपके क्षेत्राधिकार में आता है। दोनों पक्षों के लोग अपनी शिकायतें लेकर आपके पास आए हैं। आप दोनों दृष्टिकोणों में सामंजस्य स्थापित करने के लिए क्या करेंगे?\n(b) कारवाई के निम्नलिखित संभावित तरीकों के गुण और दोषों का उल्लेख कीजिए:\n(1) क्षेत्र के निवासियों के विरोध को नजरअंदाज करना और धार्मिक पूजा स्थल को मौजूद नियमों के अनुसार बनाने की अनुमति दे देना।\n(2) नए पूजा स्थल पर भरोसा करने वाले हजारों उपासकों को निराश करते हुए, निवासियों से सहमत होकर निर्माण पर रोक लगा देना।\n(3) एक समझौते के रूप में, आपके द्वारा पूजा स्थल पर भवन निर्माण संबंधी अतिरिक्त नियमों को लागू किया जाना या डिजाइन में संशोधन पर बल दिया जाना। (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250 शब्दों में"],[53,"(a) You are a District Magistrate and the area lies in your jurisdiction. People from both sides have approached you with their grievances. What would you do to reconcile the two points of view?\n(b) Mention the merits and demerits of the following potential courses of action:\n(1) Ignore the opposition from the residents of the area and allow the place of religious worship to be built in accordance with the existing regulations.\n(2) Prohibit the construction, agreeing with the residents while causing distress among the thousands of worshippers counting on the new place of worship.\n(3) As a compromise, you place additional building regulations on the worship place or insist on modifications to the design. (Answer in 250 words)\na) You are a District Magistrate and the area lies in your jurisdiction. People from both sides have approached you with their grievances. What would you do to reconcile the two points of view?\nb) Mention the merits and demerits of the following potential courses of action:\n(1) Ignore the opposition from the residents of the area and allow the place of religious worship to be built in accordance with the existing regulations.\n(2) Prohibit the construction, agreeing with the residents while causing distress among the thousands of worshippers counting on the new place of worship.\n(3) As a compromise, you place additional building regulations on the worship place or insist on modifications to the design.","","250"],[57,"12. You are a public representative, elected on the ticket of a political party, considered as conservative by many. Your daughter, who has returned years after studying abroad, has conveyed to you her choice of marrying a person from another community. You personally do not consider anything wrong in her choice, and convey your assent to her. You also discuss it with many among your friends and family, and inform them of a grand wedding ceremony you are planning for your daughter. However, a few days after you have shared the news of the forthcoming grand wedding with many, you are informed by your political secretary about an issue being made of the same. He informs you that there are whispers among many people in your constituency about it, and indications of a sense of unease among some prominent citizens. While most of them are enamoured by your plans for a grand wedding ceremony for your daughter, they are unhappy about the bridegroom being from another community. You also get to know through your sources in the party, that your assent to the choice of the bridegroom may lead to a denial of ticket by the high command in the forthcoming elections. You are not only an ambitious politician and a rising star in your political party but also an open-minded, loving and doting father. But howsoever much you love your daughter's freedom and choices, you do not want her decision to adversely affect your political journey. This is more so, when you had been eagerly looking forward to greater responsibilities and a higher stature in the party, given the years of hardwork you have put in, as a politician. Your daughter, on the other hand, is firm with her choice and does not want her impending grand wedding to be affected in any way. She is adamant\n(a) उपयुक्त प्रकरण में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दे कौन-से हैं?\n(b) एक पिता और एक महत्वाकांक्षी राजनीतिज्ञ के रूप में आपके पास उपलब्ध विभिन्न विकल्प क्या हैं?\n(c) आपकी कार्रवाई का तरीका क्या होगा? उचित तर्क सहित पुष्टि कीजिए। (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250"],[58,"Given this situation, answer the following:\n(a) What are the ethical issues in the above situation?\n(b) What are the various options that you have, as a father and an ambitious politician?\n(c) What will be your course of action? Justify with proper reasoning. (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"]]},{"i":303,"t":"Deeksha Patkar","c":"Forumias","p":"Essay","y":2025,"r":88,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/DEEKSHA-PATKARUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-88-Sample-ESSAY-Copy-2.pdf","q":[[3,"1. We cannot solve our problems with the same thinking we used when we created them.\n2. The civilisation that doesn't adopt modern technologies becomes extinct.\n3. Data without wisdom and innovation without ethics are dangerous tools.\n4. The doubter is a true man of science.","",""]]},{"i":304,"t":"Deeksha Patkar","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2025,"r":88,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/DEEKSHA-PATKARUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-88-Sample-MGP-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[2,"Q.1) Explain how the terms 'socialist' and 'secular' in the Preamble embody specific meanings in the Indian context.","10","150"],[4,"Article 21 of the Indian Constitution broadly interprets the right to life and liberty. Elucidate with the help of relevant case laws.","10","150"],[6,"Q.3) To what extent have farmer associations been successful in influencing public policies and governance in the country?","10","150"],[8,"Q.4 The role of State Finance Commissions in building regional equity and strengthening the federal link has largely been underutilized. Discuss.","10","150"],[10,"Q.5 The contributions of the \"founding mothers\" of the Indian Republic are often under-acknowledged, yet they are crucial to understanding the evolution of gender-sensitive constitutional jurisprudence. Elaborate.","10","150"],[12,"Q.6) What do you understand by delimitation? Underlining the significance of delimitation exercise, throw light on the associated challenges.","10","150"],[14,"Q.7) The Presidents of India and USA differ not just the manner in which they are elected but also with respect to their powers. Elucidate.","10","150"],[16,"Q.8) The office of the Speaker is not only a referee, but also an active player in the politics of government formation and survival, leading to controversies and criticisms. In this context, examine the need to bring reforms in the office of the speaker.","10","150"],[18,"2.9) 'Central Vigilance Commission (CVC) is an independent body responsible only to the Parliament.' What are the provisions that ensure independence of CVC? Also, discuss the issues that limit its effectiveness in tackling corruption in the country's public administration.","10","10"],[20,"Q.10 \"The creation of All India Judicial Services (AIJS) shall enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of the Indian judiciary\". Comment.","10","150"],[22,"Q.11 Although upholding the spirit of the Constitution through judicial activism is noble in its intent, in practice it runs the risk of undermining the delicate balance of power that the Constitution sought to achieve. Critically examine.","15","250"],[25,"Q.12) Governor is neither a saboteur nor a sage; he is a constitutional functionary who needs to be solely loyal to the Constitution. Critically examine the statement in the light of recent events.","15","250"],[28,"Q.13) Throw light on the various mechanisms for the settlement of disputes related to the equitable sharing of river water among states. Also, evaluate the effectiveness of these mechanisms in the resolution of inter-state river water disputes in the country.","15","250"],[31,"Q.14) How does the inability of local bodies to generate their own funds affect their ability to function effectively? Suggest necessary measures to empower local governments in generating independent revenue streams.","15","250"],[34,"Q.15 Critically examine the functioning of National Human Rights Commission of India (NHRC) as an apex institution entrusted with the protection of human rights in the country.","15","250"],[37,"Q.16 \"Right to vote is fundamental to democracy, and depriving undertrial prisoners of this right while allowing contesting elections reflects a flawed legal framework.\" Comment.","15","250"],[40,"Q.17 Examine the scope of partnership between the State and Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) towards improving public service delivery to benefit the common citizen.","15","250"],[43,"Q.18 \"Parliamentary democracy would be incomplete without Parliamentary committees.\" In light of the statement, examine the role of the Public Accounts Committee in establishing financial accountability of the executive.","15","250"],[46,"Q.19 While the NCST has made significant contributions to tribal welfare, a multi-faceted approach is necessary to complement its efforts and ensure the holistic development of tribals. Elaborate.","15","250"],[49,"Q.20) What do you understand by Alternate Dispute Redressal (ADR) mechanisms? What are the reasons for their low adoption as the primary mode of dispute resolution in the country? Suggest measures for improvement.","15","250"]]},{"i":305,"t":"Deeksha Patkar","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/96994-1467775_4513_deeksha_patkar_rank_88.pdf","q":[[6,"1. (a) Compassion is the courageous choice to feel another's suffering as one's own, and to act upon it, even when silence is safer and indifference is easier. Examine the significance of compassion as an essential ethical value for civil servants in India. Illustrate your answer with suitable examples.","10","150"],[8,"1. (b) Marriages in India are transitioning from traditional sacramental unions to more autonomous relationships, reflected in live-in relationships and rising divorce rates. Discuss the ethical dimensions of these changes. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[10,"2. (a) While accountability often necessitates documentation, an overemphasis on bureaucratic procedures and excessive paperwork can inadvertently silence the very voices that public policy intends to empower, particularly at the grassroots. Examine the above statement with suitable illustrations.","10","150"],[12,"2. (b) The principle of impartiality may conflict with the need for compassion towards marginalized communities. Discuss in the context of civil services in India.","10","150"],[14,"3 (a) What do each of the following quotations mean to you?\n(a) \"The strength of a nation derives from the integrity of the home.\" - Confucius (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"3. (b) \"Act only according to that maxim through which you can at the same time will that it become a universal law.\"- Immanuel Kant (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[18,"3. (c) “We are not only responsible for what we do, but also for what we fail to do\" - Molière. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[20,"4. (a) Patriotism encourages ethical questioning, while nationalism often suppresses it. Discuss this statement in light of the formation of political attitudes during high-pressure national events. How can individuals develop moral attitudes that balance national interest with ethical reasoning?","10","150"],[22,"4. (b) Discuss how employee well-being and fairness can be balanced with efficiency and profitability in private organisations.","10","150"],[24,"5. (a) Do you agree that excessive use of social media and emerging AI technologies may lead to a decline in emotional regulation and moral sensitivity among adolescents? Justify your answer.","10","150"],[26,"5. (b) In light of the increasing incidents of suicides among students in India, discuss how Emotional Intelligence (EI) can aid in managing stress and emotional challenges.","10","150"],[28,"6. (a) In public service, emotional intelligence is not about suppressing emotion, but mastering its purpose — to connect, to de-escalate, and to uplift others with empathy and strength. Do you agree with this view? Discuss.","10","150"],[30,"6. (b) An efficient work culture is built not only on rules, but on shared values. In this context, evaluate the role of leadership and team dynamics in transforming work culture within an organization.","10","150"],[32,"7 You are posted as the Joint Secretary in the Department of Information Technology of a state. The government recently implemented several citizen-centric digital services, collecting large volumes of personal data from residents. The Digital Personal Data Protection (DPDP) Act, 2023, requires that such data be processed only with explicit and informed consent, and mandates that processing must cease immediately upon withdrawal of consent.\nDuring an internal audit, you discover that the department continues to process and analyze personal data of several citizens even after they have formally withdrawn their consent. This data is being used for policy analytics and service improvement, purposes not explicitly disclosed at the time of data collection. When you bring this to the attention of your department head, you are informed that halting the processing will disrupt ongoing digital initiatives and may affect state-level performance metrics. Moreover, you find that the consent withdrawal process is cumbersome, and many citizens are unaware of their rights under the DPDP Act.\nYou also learn that a prominent social activist is planning to file a complaint with the Data Protection Board against involuntary use of personal data, which could attract public scrutiny and legal action against the department.\n(a) Identify and discuss the ethical issues involved in this case.\n(b) What are the potential consequences for the department if the issue is not addressed transparently?\n(c) How would you balance the need for efficient public service delivery with the obligation to protect citizens’ data rights? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[37,"8 You are an IAS officer, currently serving as the Secretary of the Public Works Department in a hill state. Recently, a disturbing incident has come to light involving a senior Cabinet Minister and two engineers of the National Highways Authority of India (NHAI). During an inspection of a critical highway project, the Minister was allegedly seen on video physically assaulting and verbally abusing the engineers in full public view. The video, recorded by bystanders, went viral on social media and was widely covered by television channels, sparking both outrage and support from different sections of society. The Minister later defended his actions, alleging that the officials were corrupt, unresponsive to local grievances, and responsible for inordinate delays in the project. He insisted that his actions were driven by public frustration and the urgency of delivering infrastructure to a remote region.\n\nHowever, the engineers have filed a police complaint and written to their superiors, claiming they were targeted for resisting political pressure to award contracts to specific local contractors linked to the Minister. As the situation escalated, a union of NHAI engineers declared a strike,\n(a) इस प्रकरण में शामिल प्रमुख नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं? हितधारकों और उनके परस्पर विरोधी हितों की पहचान कीजिए।\n(b) लोक निर्माण विभाग के सचिव के रूप में, आप उपयुक्त स्थिति में क्या कार्रवाई करेंगे?\n(c) ऐसी घटनाएं सिविल सेवकों के मनोबल और शासन में जनता के विश्वास को कैसे प्रभावित करती हैं? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250"],[38,"(a) What are the key ethical issues involved in this situation? Identify the stakeholders and their conflicting interests.\n(b) As the Secretary of the PWD, what actions will you take in above situation?\n(c) How do such incidents affect the morale of civil servants and public trust in governance? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[42,"9 You are the Secretary in the Department of Personnel and Training (DoPT), Government of India. In recent years, an increasing number of civil servants, particularly younger officers from the IAS, IPS, and IRS, have begun maintaining personal YouTube channels and social media pages. On these platforms, they regularly post videos related to their official work — showcasing innovative projects, public outreach initiatives, inspection drives, and sometimes even day-to-day administrative duties.\n\nThese videos often receive widespread public attention, and many viewers express admiration, saying such content enhances transparency, motivates aspirants, and humanizes the bureaucracy. However, concerns have also emerged from various quarters. Senior officers argue that such content may blur the boundaries between personal branding and public service, while some citizens and media commentators point to instances where videos feature vulnerable beneficiaries without consent, raise concerns about misuse of official premises, or seem designed more for personal popularity than public accountability.\n\nYou have been asked to prepare a report, including recommendations, to maintain a balance between public interest, institutional integrity, and evolving communication methods.\n(a) Identify the ethical issues involved in civil servants publicly showcasing their official work on social media platforms.\n(b) Do such initiatives promote awareness and motivation, or do they compromise anonymity, neutrality, and the collective spirit of public service? Give your opinion.\n(c) As Secretary, what guiding principles and policy disciplines would you suggest to ensure digital accountability of civil servants? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[43,"You have been asked to prepare a report with recommendations to balance public interest, institutional integrity, and evolving modes of communication.\n(a) Identify the ethical issues involved in civil servants publicly showcasing their official work on social media.\n(b) Do such practices promote awareness and motivation, or do they compromise the values of anonymity, neutrality, and collective service ethos? Give your opinion.\n(c) As the Secretary, what guiding principles and policy recommendations would you suggest to ensure responsible digital engagement by civil servants? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[47,"10 You are the Director of the National Bioethics Commission who is responsible for assessing the ethical feasibility and oversight of a nationwide gene sequencing program. The project named GeneFuture, aims to sequence the DNA of every newborn child and store it in a centralized national database. The objective is to identify genetic predispositions to serious diseases early in life, allowing for preventive treatment and personalized medicine. Over 100,000 babies have already been enrolled in the pilot phase of the program. The government claims that this move is a landmark step in public health advancement.\n\nHowever, collection of newborn genetic data raises significant ethical concerns, particularly around informed consent, which may not fully capture parents' understanding of the long-term risks involved. Once gathered, this sensitive data could be misused for purposes such as surveillance, insurance discrimination, or commercial marketing by third parties. Uncertainty over data ownership—whether it lies with the state, parents, or the individual as they mature—further complicates the issue. The involvement of private tech and pharmaceutical companies heightens fears of commercial exploitation, especially in the absence of clear mechanisms for individuals to withdraw consent or delete their genetic information upon reaching adulthood.\n(a) What are the ethical issues you perceive in the implementation of the GeneFuture program?\n(b) Identify the conflicting interests of different stakeholders in this case.\n(c) What guiding ethical principles would you recommend for implementation of this project? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[52,"11. You are a dedicated District Health Officer (DHO) with a strong commitment to evidence-based public health practices, recently assigned to a remote district in India. Your immediate and most critical task is to lead a crucial district-wide Measles-Rubella (MR) vaccination drive, aimed at achieving 100% immunization coverage among children aged 9 months to 15 years. The success of this drive is vital for the collective health of thousands of children and for the district's overall health indicators, especially with the impending monsoon season posing additional health challenges.\n\nHowever, in one of the largest and most traditional villages in your district, you encounter formidable resistance. The villagers, deeply influenced by the pronouncements of a revered local\n(a) उपयुक्त प्रकरण में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\n(b) इस विरोध को शांत करने के लिए आपके पास तत्काल क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\n(c) अंधविश्वास के व्यापक प्रभाव को दूर करने और संधारणीय लोक स्वास्थ्य परिणामों हेतु वैज्ञानिक सोच को बढ़ावा देने के लिए आप कौन-सी दीर्घकालिक रणनीतियाँ और प्रणालीगत सुधारों का सुझाव देंगे? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250"],[53,"(a) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the above case.\n(b) What are the immediate options available to you to overcome this resistance?\n(c) What long-term strategies and systemic reforms would you suggest to address the pervasive influence of superstition and foster a scientific temperament for sustainable public health outcomes? (Answer in 250 words)\na) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the above case.\nb) What are the immediate options available to you to overcome this resistance?\nc) What long-term strategies and systemic reforms would you suggest to address the pervasive influence of superstition and foster a scientific temperament for sustainable public health outcomes? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[57,"12 (a) आपके समक्ष विद्यमान संभावित प्रशासनिक और नैतिक दुविधाएं क्या हैं?\n(b) आपके लिए उपलब्ध सभी विकल्पों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\n(c) आप अपने निर्णय का नैतिक औचित्य सिद्ध करते हुए कौन-सी व्यापक कार्यवाही करेंगे? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)\na) आपके समक्ष विद्यमान संभावित प्रशासनिक और नैतिक दुविधाएं क्या हैं?\nb) आपके लिए उपलब्ध सभी विकल्पों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\nc) आप अपने निर्णय का नैतिक औचित्य सिद्ध करते हुए कौन-सी व्यापक कार्यवाही करेंगे? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250 शब्दों में"],[58,"(a) What are the potential administrative and ethical dilemmas you face?\n(b) Discuss all options available to you.\n(c) What comprehensive course of action would you choose to adopt, providing ethical justification for your decision? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"]]},{"i":306,"t":"Deepak Godara","c":"Forumias","p":"GS3","y":2024,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/DEEPAK-GODARA-UPSC-2024-Rank-92-MGP-Sample-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) Achieving inclusive growth requires a multidimensional approach that goes beyond economic growth. Discuss in context of India.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Examine the implications of the expansion of gig workforce on economic growth and employment scenario in the country.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) What is precision agriculture? How can precision agriculture help in optimizing crop production and resource management?","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) While MSMEs are the backbone of the Indian economy, they encounter various hurdles in their operation and expansion. Discuss. Also, suggest steps to support the growth of the MSME sector.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) Explain the significance of Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) in transforming India into a knowledge-based and innovation-driven economy. Also, mention various government initiatives aimed at strengthening the protection and enforcement of IPRs in India.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) Gaganyaan mission is a landmark endeavour for India, marking significant advancements in space exploration and contributing to broader national objectives; however, overcoming the associated technical and safety challenges is crucial for its success. Analyse.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7 What are the challenges in the safe management of e-waste in India? How can collaboration among multiple stakeholders help in sustainable e-waste management?","10","150"],[17,"Q.8 Define Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and mention its various stages. Also, highlight the significance of EIA in balancing developmental needs with environmental conservation in the country.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9 Integrated Theatre Commands shall bring jointness in operation, synergy of resources and enable armed forces in carrying out swift, effective, and decisive actions. Do you agree with this view? Justify your answer.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10) India's internal security dynamics is inextricably linked with the peace and stability in the neighborhood. Explain with special reference to instability on the eastern border.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11 The introduction of Goods and Services Tax (GST) was hailed as a transformative fiscal reform; however, the journey of GST has been a mixed bag of successes and challenges. Analyse.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12) Discuss the potential of food processing sector in addressing the issues of low value addition, high post-harvest losses and disguised unemployment plaguing Indian agriculture. Also, explain why the sector has underperformed despite its significant potential.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 Despite the government's ambitious targets, rooftop solar installations in India are hindered by multiple factors. Elaborate. How far do you think that PM Surya Ghar Yojana can incentivise the adoption of rooftop solar installations?","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 Agricultural marketing reforms are imperative for addressing market inefficiencies and boosting farm incomes. Analyse.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 Discuss the contribution of livestock sector to the rural economy and the empowerment of women. Also, highlight main challenges faced by the livestock sector in the country and suggest strategies to overcome these challenges.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16) Generative AI holds immense potential to transform various aspects of daily life, offering both benefits and challenges. Elaborate. What policy measures do you suggest to maximize its benefits and mitigate its risks?","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 Describe the major outcomes of the 28th session of the Conference of Parties (COP) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). What were the major engagements of India in this conference?","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 Explain the causes and impacts of landslides. Also, discuss the various measures to mitigate their impact, with a special emphasis on National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) guidelines.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 Left-Wing Extremism (LWE) is showing a downward trend, but still affects many parts of the country. Highlighting the reasons for the continuance of LWE in certain pockets, suggest strategies to deal with this menace.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 Analyse how the adoption of emerging and disruptive technologies for money laundering is adding new layers of complexity to an already intricate issue. Also, highlight the measures taken to tackle the problem of money laundering both at national and international levels.","15","250"],[54,"When must you seek mentorship?","",""]]},{"i":307,"t":"Deepali Mahto","c":"Forumias","p":"GS3","y":2025,"r":36,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/DEEPALI-MAHTO-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-36-Sample-MGP-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) The Union Budget 2025-26 outlines a shift towards the ‘debt-to-GDP ratio’ as the fiscal anchor starting from FY 2026-27. Discuss the rationale behind this shift. (10 marks, 150 words)\n\nQ.2) Why does India need to transition from a ‘build to print’ to a ‘build to design’ model in manufacturing? What steps has been taken by the government in this regard? (10 marks, 150 words)\n\nQ.3) Explain the concept of a nutrition-sensitive food system and suggest strategies to achieve it in the country. (10 marks, 150 words)\n\nQ.4) Give a brief overview of the ‘Digital Agriculture Mission’. How can it benefit the agriculture sector? (10 marks, 150 words)\n\nQ.5) Rare earths are not just elements; they are foundational inputs that act like ‘seeds of technology’. Elaborate. (10 marks, 150 words)\n\nQ.6) Why retrofitting Electrostatic Precipitators (ESPs) in Indian thermal power plants is a more viable and effective option compared to the installation of flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems? (10 marks, 150 words)","10","150"],[4,"Q.7 'The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) regime in India remains weak and is often reduced to a procedural formality.' In light of this statement, examine the key challenges in EIA implementation and suggest reforms.","10","150"],[5,"Q.13 Why does India’s agricultural export performance remain weak despite high production levels? What measures would you suggest to improve agri-export competitiveness?","15","250"],[6,"Q.19 What are the determinants of insurgency in the north-eastern region of India? What strategy should the Government of India, civil administration and security forces adopt to counter the threat in the affected areas?","15","250"]]},{"i":308,"t":"Deepali Mahto","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":2025,"r":36,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/DEEPALI-MAHTO-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-36-Sample-MGP-Copy-2.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) Rising influence of money power in Indian elections poses a serious challenge to transparency, fairness, and democratic accountability. How can ethical electoral funding be ensured to maintain the integrity of democracy?\nb) Explain the key dimensions of ethics that influence human behaviour. How do these dimensions shape ethical decision-making in private life?","10","150"],[4,"Q.4) a) What do you understand by the term ‘probity in governance’? Explain how probity acts as the foundation of ethical public administration.","10","150"],[5,"Q.6) a) What do you understand by the ‘voice of conscience’? In what ways can you prepare yourself to listen to the voice of conscience? (10 marks, 150 words)\nb) Effective utilisation of public funds is not merely an administrative requirement but a moral responsibility of those entrusted with public office. However, instances of funds allocated to government schemes lying idle or being diverted towards extraneous purposes continue to be reported across the country. Examine the reasons for under-utilization and mis-utilization of public funds and their implications. (10 marks, 150 words)","10","150"],[6,"Q.7) A rail overbridge (ROB) is being planned in the capital city of a central Indian state. The project aims to reduce traffic congestion and ease delays at railway crossings, which affect thousands of daily commuters. It had been a long-standing demand of local residents, and the government approved it to address persistent traffic bottlenecks in the area. The project is to be executed by the State Public Works Department (PWD), with a strict completion deadline of one year i.e. 31st July 2026. The PWD Minister, who is also the local MLA, is scheduled to inaugurate the project in the third week of August 2026. This is planned to take place shortly before the expected announcement of state elections. Ramesh has been selected as the project manager of this prestigious assignment on the basis of his professional competence and experience. While reviewing the approved design plans in preparation for execution, Ramesh identifies a serious flaw. The proposed alignment includes a sharp 90-degree turn, incorporated due to spatial constraints between an electrified railway line on one side and ongoing metro construction on the other. From a technical standpoint, Ramesh believes the design is unsafe. It increases the risk of vehicular accidents, especially for heavy vehicles, and may lead to long-term inconvenience for road users. Ramesh promptly raises the issue with the Chief Engineer. However, the Chief Engineer overrules the concern. He states that the General Arrangement Drawing (GAD) has already been approved by the Bridge Engineering Department, in coordination with Indian Railways. He points out that revisiting the design at this stage shall result in project delays, increased expenditure, and unwanted political attention. Subsequently, Ramesh comes to know that the contractor awarded the tender to execute the project is a close relative of the PWD Minister. He also receives unofficial communication suggesting that his promotion to Additional Chief Engineer is under active consideration, but could be jeopardised if he creates “unnecessary hurdles” in the project’s timely completion. The incumbent state government is eager to complete the overbridge before the elections and present it as a major developmental achievement. This adds to the pressure on Ramesh to expedite project execution without raising further objections. Nonetheless, he remains convinced that the current design is flawed and could have grave implications for public safety if left unaddressed. Meanwhile, the bridge design has also attracted widespread public attention after being published in a leading local newspaper. Images of the sharp 90-degree turn went viral on social media, drawing criticism and ridicule. Several engineering experts have publicly flagged the alignment as a potential safety hazard, reinforcing Ramesh’s concerns.\na) Under the given conditions, what are the options available to Ramesh as a project manager?\nb) What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by Ramesh?\nc) What are the professional challenges likely to be faced by Ramesh and his response to overcome such challenges?","","20"],[7,"a) दी गई परिस्थितियों में, एक परियोजना प्रबंधक के रूप में रमेश के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\nb) रमेश को किन नैतिक दुविधाओं का सामना करना पड़ रहा है?\nc) रमेश को किन व्यावसायिक चुनौतियों का सामना करना पड़ सकता है तथा ऐसी चुनौतियों पर नियंत्रण पाने के लिए उसकी क्या प्रतिक्रिया होनी चाहिए?\na) दी गई परिस्थितियों में, एक परियोजना प्रबंधक के रूप में रमेश के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\nb) रमेश को किन नैतिक दुविधाओं का सामना करना पड़ रहा है?\nc) रमेश को किन व्यावसायिक चुनौतियों का सामना करना पड़ सकता है तथा ऐसी चुनौतियों पर नियंत्रण पाने के लिए उसकी क्या प्रतिक्रिया होनी चाहिए?","20 अंक","250 शब्द"],[8,"a) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\nb) Evaluate the options available to Srushti in the above situation.\nc) What suggestions would you make to help officers like Srushti maintain a healthy work-life balance.\na) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\nb) Evaluate the options available to Srushti in the above situation.\nc) What suggestions would you make to help officers like Srushti maintain a healthy work-life balance.","20","250"],[9,"Q.9 A reputed Indian beauty & personal care company developed a herbal skin cream for the international market, claiming anti-ageing and skin-repair properties based on traditional Ayurvedic formulations. After obtaining the necessary approvals and export certifications, the company began exporting the product. The product received widespread positive feedback for its quality and natural formulation, and soon became a huge hit in international markets. Riding on this success, the company announced that the product would soon be made available to domestic consumers, with almost the same quality and health benefits. Subsequently, it secured approval from the domestic regulatory authority and launched the product in the Indian market. Over time, the brand gained a significant share of the domestic market and earned substantial revenues both nationally and internationally. However, during a random sample check, officials discovered that the cream sold in India differed from the version approved by the competent authority. The product failed to meet the claimed herbal composition and purity standards. Further investigation revealed that the company had often been distributing batches that had failed export quality checks. The incident triggered widespread public criticism and regulatory scrutiny, leading to a sharp decline in the company’s reputation and financial performance.\na) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the case.\nb) What actions should the competent regulatory authority take against the personal care company for violating domestic quality standards and distributing rejected export batches in the Indian market?\nc) What course of action is available to the company to manage the crisis and restore public trust and brand credibility?","20","250"],[10,"Q.10 A forest fire has broken out in a hilly district and is rapidly spreading toward an eco-sensitive area that includes four villages (ESA villages). These villages lie along the forest fringe and are surrounded by difficult terrain. The region is known for its biodiversity and traditional forest-based livelihoods. The inhabitants of these villages are mostly poor tribal communities, dependent on forest resources for their sustenance.\nYou, as the District Magistrate of the area, have rushed to the spot with a medical team, police personnel, NGOs, media, and support staff to oversee the rescue and containment operations. Your disaster response team on the ground is small and poorly equipped. Reinforcements from the district headquarter have been requested, but they may take several hours to arrive due to the remoteness and challenging terrain.\nIn the meantime, a group of trained ex-forest guards and local youth from the villages offer to help. They are experienced and familiar with the area. However, existing government rules do not permit the engagement of unofficial personnel in fire control operations without formal clearance and insurance coverage.\nYour team members are divided on this issue. Some members argue that volunteers should be engaged immediately to prevent the fire from spreading. Others caution that involving them without proper approval and safety cover could be risky and against protocol.\nAs the District Magistrate, you are also the Chairperson of the District Disaster Management Authority (DDMA). The fire is spreading at a very rapid rate, and immediate action is required to protect lives, property, and the environment. You are now in a dilemma.\na) What are the options available to you?\nb) Critically evaluate each of the options identified by you.\nc) What option would you adopt and why?\nd) What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by you?","20","250"],[11,"Q.11 In one of the government primary schools located in a rural block of a district, the newly appointed headmistress observed an unusual practice. The school had been preparing and serving mid-day meals separately to students belonging to different communities. Although the meals were cooked using a common gas connection, separate utensils, cooking areas, and serving arrangements had been in place for more than two decades. Students from the two communities had their food cooked and served by different cooks and ate in separate classrooms, despite attending classes together. After taking charge, the headmistress decided to discontinue this practice. She directed that food be prepared and served together for all students, using a common kitchen and utensils. However, the decision triggered backlash. A considerable number of parents across communities vehemently opposed the move and stopped sending their children to school. Consequently, attendance fell by almost 60 percent. This also raised concerns regarding the possible discontinuation of the mid-day meal scheme, withdrawal of teaching staff, and even closure of the school due to falling enrolment. The issue has attracted attention from various political and social groups attempting to further polarise the situation and serve their vested interests.\nMarpi Apang, the District Education Officer (DEO), has been tasked by the Deputy Commissioner’s office to amicably resolve the matter at the earliest. She has also been directed to submit a detailed report along with the Action Taken Report within a fortnight.\na) Identify the ethical issues involved in this case.\nb) What course of action should Marpi adopt and why?\nc) What should be the responsibilities of different social segments and agencies to create positive social ambiance for accepting such changes?","20","250"],[12,"Q.12 You are a Municipal Commissioner of a tier-2 city experiencing rapid urban expansion. Several high-rise residential and commercial buildings are under construction in the city to meet the growing demand for housing. One such luxury residential complex is being built, employing hundreds of daily-wage labourers, many of whom live in temporary settlements at the construction site. Late one night during the monsoon season, a large section of scaffolding and concrete slabs collapses from the upper floors of one of the under-construction buildings. Seven labourers, including two minors, die on the spot. Several others are critically injured and rushed to the hospital. The tragic incident results in public outrage, intense media scrutiny, and protests by a local NGO. The state government orders a formal inquiry and directs you to submit a report within a week. Your preliminary investigation reveals a series of irregularities. The construction material used is substandard and not in accordance with the National Building Code. Although the approved plan permits construction of fifteen floors, the builder has illegally added two extra floors. Moreover, the structure has encroached on land demarcated for a community park and a fire service lane under the city’s Zonal Development Plan. These violations are not reported during site inspections conducted by the building inspector of the municipal corporation. The building clearance was granted during the tenure of your predecessor, who is not only your batchmate but also a close friend. Both of you were roommates during your training at LBSNAA. Prima facie, the case appears to involve a widespread nexus between officials of the Municipal Corporation and the builder. Your colleagues are putting pressure on you to go slow in the inquiry. Some of them suggest that holding the builder accountable could damage the city's image among investors and slow down urban development. Meanwhile, you come to know that the builder is the younger brother of a powerful minister in the state cabinet. One evening, his personal aide visits you privately. He suggests that the matter could be “mutually settled” and offers you a premium apartment worth ₹2 crore in the same residential complex. In the same breath, he hints that if the matter is not resolved swiftly in the builder’s favour, someone in his office is prepared to file a complaint against you under the SC and ST (Prevention of Atrocities) Act.\na) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the case.\nb) What are the options available to you in this situation?\nc) Explain your selected course of action.","20","20"],[13,"a) मामले में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा करें।\nb) इस स्थिति में आपके पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\nc) अपनी चुनी हुई कार्यवाही का विवरण दीजिए।\na) मामले में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा करें।\nb) इस स्थिति में आपके पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\nc) अपनी चुनी हुई कार्यवाही का विवरण दीजिए।","20 अंक","250 शब्द"]]},{"i":309,"t":"Deepanshu Jindal","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":2025,"r":38,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/DEEPANSHU-JINDAL-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-38-Sample-MGP-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1 a) What constitutes journalistic ethics? Highlight the role of media, particularly mass media, in shaping ethical values in contemporary times. (10 marks, 150 words)\nb) Young people with ethical conduct are not willing to come forward to join active politics. Suggest steps to motivate them to come forward. (10 marks, 150 words)","10","150"],[4,"Q.4 a) How does persuasion help achieve a desired change in attitude? What are the elements of an effective persuasive approach?\nb) While ethics in private and public relations may differ, their impact on one another is undeniable. Discuss with examples.","10","150"],[5,"b) Social values are more important than economic values. Discuss the above statement with examples in the context of inclusive growth of a nation.","10","150"],[6,"Q.7) You are a young and sincere employee who has recently joined a government office as an assistant to the director of your department. Being new to the workplace, you are eager to learn and grow in your role. Your superior, the director, is an experienced and intelligent person with extensive knowledge of various departments. You respect him not just for his professional skills but also for his willingness to guide and mentor you. You have built a good rapport with him and appreciate the chance to learn from such an accomplished individual.\nAs your relationship with your boss grows, he begins to rely on you more for work-related tasks. One day, due to ill health, he invites you to his home to help with some urgent work. When you reach his house and are about to ring the doorbell, you hear shouting from inside. Unsure of what to do, you pause for a moment but then decide to enter. Your boss greets you warmly and explains the work, but throughout, you are distracted by the sound of a woman crying in the background. Initially, you hesitate to ask about the situation, but your concern grows. Finally, you ask your boss about the noise, but his answer is vague and unsatisfactory. He quickly dismisses the matter. Although you finish the work, the unsettling environment leaves you feeling uneasy.\nThe next day, you discreetly inquire at the office and learn more about the situation. You discover that, despite your boss's calm and professional demeanour at work, he is abusive toward his wife at home. His wife is a simple woman, not highly educated, and suffers from regular domestic violence. This information shocks you, as it conflicts with the positive image you had of him based on your interactions at work.\nThis knowledge puts you in a difficult moral dilemma. On one hand, you respect your boss for his guidance, intelligence, and professionalism. On the other hand, you are aware of his unethical behaviour at home, which violates basic human rights and ethical principles. You struggle to reconcile the two sides of his character, finding it hard to balance your professional relationship with the awareness of his abusive actions at home.\na. Under the given conditions, what are the options available to you? Evaluate each of the options listed by you.\nb. What course of action would you adopt and why?","20","250"],[7,"Q.8 Gaurav is traveling with his wife and children in their car on a busy Sunday evening. The road is packed with traffic, and the vehicles are barely moving. As they inch forward, Gaurav notices a biker trying to weave through the congested road. In his attempt, the biker accidentally collides with an SUV that is illegally parked in a No Parking Zone. The impact causes the rear-view mirror of the SUV to break, injuring the biker, who starts bleeding profusely. Hearing the loud noise, the owner of the SUV, a local councillor, rushes out of his car in a rage. Furious about the damage, the councillor grabs a metal rod and starts hitting the injured biker. The situation quickly escalates as the councillor vents his anger on the defenceless, bleeding biker. The sight of the violence shocks Gaurav, who is watching from his car. Instinctively, Gaurav feels the urge to intervene and help the biker, who is being mercilessly beaten. However, as he opens his car door and takes a step forward, his wife stops him. She reminds him of the danger in confronting someone as powerful as the local councillor, especially when Gaurav is unarmed. She points out the risks of standing up to him and the possible consequences that could put their family in harm's way. With their children in the car and the councillor's aggressive behaviour, her concerns about safety seem valid to Gaurav. His wife further points out that despite the number of people witnessing the incident, none of them are stepping forward to help. She questions why Gaurav should risk his safety when no one else is willing to take action. This argument adds to Gaurav's growing sense of hesitation, as he sees others choosing to remain bystanders, unwilling to intervene in the dangerous situation. Gaurav glances around from his car window and notices a police constable standing near the scene. For a moment, he feels relieved, hoping that the officer will intervene to stop the violence. However, to his dismay, the officer remains passive, merely watching the councillor continue his assault without stepping in to help. This leaves Gaurav even more conflicted about what to do.\na Discuss the ethical issues involved in this case.\nb What are the reasons behind rise of road rage incidents in the country?\nc Suggest measures to reduce incidents of road rage and promote responsible behaviour in public spaces.","20","250"],[9,"a. What are the ethical issues involved in the case?\nb. Why do such discriminatory practices continue in the society? What role can youth like Diya play in checking such practices?","20","20"],[10,"a. Discuss the ethical issues involved in the case study.\nb. What can be the underlying reasons for discriminatory attitudes toward hiring married women by the company?\nc. How can organizations promote gender equity in their hiring practices?","20","250"],[11,"a. Identify the various value conflicts faced by Ramesh in his role as Municipal Commissioner.\nb. Analyze the decision to remove unauthorized encroachments on the flood plains from an ethical perspective.\nc. If you were in Ramesh's position and in charge of the situation, how would you have approached the challenges presented by the encroachment clearance and the resulting protests?\na Identify the various value conflicts faced by Ramesh in his role as Municipal Commissioner.\nb Analyze the decision to remove unauthorized encroachments on the flood plains from an ethical perspective.\nc If you were in Ramesh's position and in charge of the situation, how would you have approached the challenges presented by the encroachment clearance and the resulting protests?","20","250"],[12,"Q.12 Prashant works in a multinational company in a metropolitan city and is visiting his native village during his holiday. While reading the newspaper at home, he came across a distressing news article about a newlywed couple who tragically died in a road accident. Their motorcycle lost control and crashed into a roadside boulder. The police report indicated that none of the riders were wearing helmets, emphasizing that their fatal head injuries could have been avoided had they used this critical safety equipment.\nA few days later, Prashant and his five friends from the village decided to take a road trip to the hills of a neighboring state on their two-wheelers. While riding through urban areas, all the friends wore their helmets, and Prashant felt proud that they prioritized road safety. However, once they entered rural areas, Prashant noticed that everyone removed their helmets almost immediately. He found this behavior puzzling. When he inquired about it, his friends explained that helmet use is strictly enforced in urban areas, where violations can result in hefty fines. In contrast, enforcement is lax in rural areas. As an aware citizen who values road safety and adherence to regulations, Prashant is conscious of the importance of following safety protocols, including helmet use. Concerned for their safety, he encouraged his friends to keep their helmets on. He explained that one should wear helmets not just because it is a legal requirement, but for one's own safety, as helmets significantly reduce the risk of serious injury or death in the event of an accident. Upon hearing this, Prashant's friends teased him, suggesting that he had become too influenced by urban attitudes.\nWhile riding through a scenic area, they passed by a deep gorge and witnessed a motorcycle accident where a rider lost control and crashed into the ravine. The sight was alarming and reminded Prashant of the news article he had read. Once again, he urged his friends to wear their helmets. This time, his friends grew irritated and dismissed Prashant's concerns as unnecessary fear. Prashant recognized that they held a prevailing negative attitude toward wearing helmets, seeing them as an imposition rather than a safeguard.\na Why is there a negative attitude among people regarding wearing helmets?\nb What measures can be taken to bring about positive changes in this attitude?","20","250"],[21,"3 a) Rabindranath Tagoreji said this quote to promote tolerance & peace within nations asking citizens to shun narrow patriotism for internationalism. How worshipping country as God is to bring curse upon it!","",""],[27,"4a) How does persuasion help achieve desired change in attitude","",""],[48,"b) Why do such practices continue?","",""]]},{"i":310,"t":"Deepanshu Jindal","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":2025,"r":38,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/DEEPANSHU-JINDAL-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-38-Sample-MGP-Copy-2.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1 a) What is your understanding of corruption? In your opinion, does corruption grease or sand the wheels of growth? Justify your answer. (10 marks, 150 words)\nb) The balance between laws and conscience is delicate; when synchronized, they promote ethical conduct, but their discord can give rise to significant ethical dilemmas. Illustrate with examples (10 marks, 150 words)","10","150"],[4,"Q.4) a) Distinguish between \"Code of ethics\" and \"Code of conduct\" with suitable examples.\nb) In contemporary times, corporate governance emphasizes accountability and ethical responsibility, yet a lack of adherence to these principles among many corporations highlights a disconnect between theory and practice. In this context, discuss the challenges corporations face in adhering to ethical standards and how these challenges can be mitigated.","10","150"],[5,"Q.7 Recently, a disturbing incident involving the sexual assault of two young girls at a nursery school came to light in a 'sleepy' town of a western state in the country. When the parents approached the local police station to lodge an FIR, the police turned them away. However, twelve hours later, the FIR was filed, and a 24-year-old cleaning staff member of the school was arrested as the only suspect in the incident.\na. What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\nb. Based on the case study, discuss the challenges faced by law enforcement agencies in conducting a fair and impartial investigation amidst public and political pressure.\nc. What best practices should be followed to ensure the integrity of investigations in such high-profile cases?","","20"],[7,"a. What are the ethical issues involved in re-appropriation of funds from a welfare project to the developmental projects?\nb. Given the need for proper utilization of public funds, discuss the options available to Sowmiya. Which option should she choose?","20","20"],[8,"Q.9 a. What are the ethical concerns associated with surrogate advertising?\nb. Suggest a course of action that addresses the concerns of both the stakeholders involved. Justify your answer.\na. What are the ethical concerns associated with surrogate advertising?\nb. Suggest a course of action that addresses the concerns of both the stakeholders involved. Justify your answer.","20","250"],[9,"a. What should be Sneha's course of action?\nb. How would she justify what she chooses to do?\nc. In this case, how is medical ethics compromised with vested personal interest?","20","250"],[10,"a) What are the options available to Utkarsh to meet the above situation? Critically examine each of the options identified by him.\nb) What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by Utkarsh?\nc) What course of action should Utkarsh adopt to diffuse the above situation?","25","25"],[11,"a. What are the options available to Raman to tackle the above situation?\nb. What measures would you suggest for strengthening the existing set-up to ensure that such groups do not succeed in penetrating and vitiating the atmosphere in the state?\nc. In the above scenario, what action plan would you advise for enhancing the intelligence-gathering mechanism of the police force?\na What are the options available to Raman to tackle the above situation?\nb What measures would you suggest for strengthening the existing set-up to ensure that such groups do not succeed in penetrating and vitiating the atmosphere in the state?\nc In the above scenario, what action plan would you advise for enhancing the intelligence-gathering mechanism of the police force?","","25"],[26,"4b) Recent scandals like Volkswagen's dieselgate, Yesbank crises, Indus Ind Bank's failure to report losses : reflect divergence of theory & practice of corporate governance","",""],[42,"1. Follow written order of superior\nMerit Knowledge & experience of superior is better\nSomething is better than no decision (Utilitarianism)\nDemerit Ultimate responsibility is with Sovereign\nMoral Abdication reflected (future decisions)","",""],[50,"c) Medical ethics is compromised due to -\n1) lack of principle of Beneficence (welfare of patients not key decision maker.)\n2) Malficence (personal interest may cause higher costs for poor patients)\n3) Lack of Justice for patients & other bidders (lowest bidder)\n4) Conflict of Interest Hampering judgement in ethical lines\n5) managements hands-off approach","",""]]},{"i":311,"t":"Dev Dudeja","c":"Forumias","p":"GS1","y":2025,"r":152,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/DEV-DUDEJAUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-152-Sample-MGP-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) \"India's democratic roots are deeply embedded in its ancient civilizational ethos.\" Discuss in the context of India being referred to as the 'Mother of Democracy'.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Elucidate the significance of tiger and elephant figures in Indian mythology, art and architecture.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) The arrival of Lord William Bentinck marked a period of transformation in the British Indian State. Discuss.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4 Explain how the American War of Independence deprived Great Britain of one empire, but it strengthened the foundations of another.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5 What are Rare Earth Elements (REEs)? Discuss the multi-dimensional implications of uneven distribution of REEs in the world.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) Highlight the salient differences between the Himalayan and the Peninsular drainage Systems.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) Describe the nature and mode of origin of the main types of rock at the earth's crust.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) The alienation of modern lifestyles from nature has contributed to the ongoing environmental crisis in India. Examine.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9 What do you understand by the term 'urbanisation of poverty'? Also, explain how urban poverty differs from rural poverty in India?","10","150"],[21,"Q.10 Globalization has redefined the idea of community and kinship in Indian society. Do you agree? Justify your answer.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11) The flourishing of various art forms during the Kushana period reflects the rich and diverse cultural landscape of the time. What insights does this provide into the socio-cultural aspects of that era?","15","250"],[26,"Q.12 Trace the events that led to the Civil Disobedience Movement. What were its outcomes?","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 Mahatma Jyotirao Phule's reformist ideas played a significant role in shaping the social foundations of the Indian freedom movement. Elaborate.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 The interlinking of rivers offers several benefits, but also raises significant socio-economic and environmental concerns. Analyze.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 Explain the concept of rain shadow effect. How does it influence the distribution of precipitation and vegetation across mountain ranges?","15","250"],[38,"Q.16 Bring out the major features of the Indian monsoon and elaborate upon its causative factors.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17) What are the geographical factors responsible for the growth of mangrove vegetation in India? Also highlight its role in coastal ecology.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 To what extent can the rise of 'Kidfluencers' be seen as a reflection of changing family structures and parental aspirations in Indian society?","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 Women often form the backbone of grassroots movements in India, yet they remain largely invisible and excluded from the decision-making process. Examine.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 Do you agree with the view that social media is a 'double edged sword'? Discuss in the context of its impact on Indian society.","15","250"]]},{"i":312,"t":"Dev Dudeja","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2025,"r":152,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/DEV-DUDEJAUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-152-Sample-MGP-Copy-2.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1 To what extent, in your opinion, have the ideals of the Preamble been realised in the country's 75-year constitutional journey?","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) The evolution of property rights in India reflects an intricate relationship that exists between individual rights and public welfare. Discuss this statement with the help of relevant constitutional provisions and case laws.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) Under what conditions can the 'National' Emergency be proclaimed by the President of India? What are the consequences when such a proclamation remains in force? When was it last imposed in the country?","10","150"],[9,"Q.4 'Lack of a binding framework for pre-legislative consultations in India limits citizen engagement in the lawmaking.' Propose measures to strengthen the role of public consultation in the legislative process.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5 'The recommendations of the 15th Finance Commission have enabled the States to improve their fiscal conditions.' Comment.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) In what ways do industry and business associations contribute to socio-economic development in the country? Explain with suitable examples.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) \"India's poverty lies in the eyes of the beholder.\" In light of this statement, examine the need for a credible and periodically updated poverty estimation framework in the country.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) The Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act, 2012 falls short of achieving its intended objectives. Comment.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9 'Starved of funds, shackled by geopolitics, WHO is facing a crisis of capacity and credibility.' Discuss the statement in the light of USA's withdrawal and its accusation of the health body of being 'biased towards China and mishandling the COVID-19 pandemic'.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10 The world continues to operate in a ‘my terrorist’ versus ‘your terrorist’ paradigm. Explain. What strategies would you suggest to develop a unified, comprehensive, and rules-based global approach to tackle the menace of terrorism?","10","150"],[23,"Q.11) Briefly explain the procedure laid down in the Representation of the People Act (RPA), 1951 for the registration of political parties with the Election Commission of India (ECI). What are Registered Unrecognised Political Parties (RUPPs)? What concerns are associated with them? Does the ECI have powers to de-register a political party?","15","250"],[26,"Q.12) Assess the role of NITI Aayog over the past decade in promoting cooperative and competitive federalism.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 'The post of Deputy Speaker goes beyond ceremonial significance and is indispensable to Indian parliamentary democracy.' Discuss with relevant constitutional provisions and conventions. Also, examine the implications of the prolonged vacancy of the Deputy Speaker's post.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14) Is the growing demand for stricter regulation of online content justified, or does it pose a threat to the right to freedom of speech and expression? Examine in light of recent judicial pronouncements.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 Critically examine the 'in-house procedure' adopted by the Apex Court to inquire into allegations of misconduct against judges of constitutional courts in India.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16) Recent controversies over alleged malpractices in the electoral rolls have renewed demands for the mandatory linkage of Aadhaar with Voter ID. What is your opinion? Give reasons in support of your answer.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17) Lateral entry into civil services is seen as a reformative step, yet it continues to attract criticism and controversy. Discuss.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18) While rankings aim to benchmark the performance of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs), concerns remain about whether current ranking frameworks reflect the broader goals of education. Suggest measures to make the ranking system more objective, inclusive, and aligned with educational and societal outcomes.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 Examine the factors behind the growing salience of the Arctic region in international politics. Discuss, in this context, strategies for India to recalibrate its Arctic engagement.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20) Bangladesh is a key pillar of India's Neighborhood First policy, but recent developments on both sides threaten to disrupt the 'Sonali Adhyay' in bilateral relations. Analyze.","15","250"]]},{"i":314,"t":"Dev Dudeja","c":"Forumias","p":"GS3","y":2025,"r":152,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/DEV-DUDEJAUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-152-Sample-MGP-Copy-4.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) Explain the significance of the recent changes made to the Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) with respect to labour market data estimation in the country.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Discuss the implications of the rising trend of protectionism and tariff wars in global trade for India's macroeconomic stability.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) \"Genome-edited crops have the potential to strengthen food and nutritional security in the country.\" Examine.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) Assess the role of Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY) in expanding irrigation coverage and improving on-farm water use efficiency.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5 Starlink, a satellite internet service provider, has recently been granted a license to operate in India. What is satellite internet? How does it work? What are its advantages and limitations?","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) What is a Geographical Indication (GI)? What are the legal frameworks governing it? How does it differ from a trademark? How can GI infringement be tackled?","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) What are the salient features of Mission Mausam launched by the Government of India? Why is such a mission needed? What are the likely challenges in its effective implementation?","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) Highlight the key provisions of the Disaster Management (Amendment) Act, 2025. How would the amendment help strengthen the disaster management framework in the country?","10","150"],[19,"Q.9 'Operation Sindoor' signals a strategic evolution in India's approach to cross-border terrorism. Analyze.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10) 'Cyberspace has emerged as a distinct domain of warfare, posing serious threats to national security.' Discuss this statement and suggest counter-measures.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11) What are the key objectives of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC), 2016? To what extent has it been successful in achieving them?","15","250"],[26,"Q.12 Despite phenomenal growth in recent years, India's startup ecosystem lags in innovation across strategic sectors. Identify the factors responsible for this inadequate focus on deep-tech and suggest strategies to bridge this gap.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 What is floriculture? How is it helpful in enhancing farm income and boosting agri-exports?","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 \"Women play a crucial role in Indian agriculture, yet continue to face systemic exclusion.\" Discuss with reference to land ownership, access to credit, and agri-extension services. What initiatives has the government taken in this regard?","15","250"],[35,"Q.15) Launched on 25th June 2025, the Axiom-4 (Ax-04) mission has been much in the news since then. What are the key features of the mission? What significance does it hold for the Gaganyaan project and India's long-term space ambitions?","15","250"],[38,"Q.16 Energy storage technology is one of the major components of renewable energy integration and decarbonization of world energy systems. Briefly discuss any three such technologies, citing their key merits and demerits.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 Global Pandemic Agreement (2025) recognizes the 'One Health' approach as critical to pandemic prevention, preparedness, and response. Highlight the key features of the agreement, and elaborate on how the One Health approach can help in preventing future pandemics. What steps are needed to integrate this approach into India's environmental and health governance?","15","250"],[43,"5 Our Health approach promoting integrated approach for human, animal and environmental Health","",""],[44,"Q.18 The frequency and intensity of heatwaves, particularly in urban centres, have increased in recent years. Describe the various causes and effects of heatwaves. What policies and frameworks have been adopted in India towards extreme heat risk management?","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 Discuss how emerging technologies and globalization contribute to terror financing. Elaborate measures to tackle the menace of terror financing both at national and international levels.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20) Explain the key components of the National Policy and Action Plan (2015) that have contributed to the significant decline of Left-Wing Extremism (LWE). What additional steps would you suggest to eliminate LWE in the near future?","15","250"]]},{"i":313,"t":"Dev Dudeja","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":2025,"r":152,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/DEV-DUDEJAUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-152-Sample-MGP-Copy-3.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) 'Unconscious biases in parenting continue to shape gendered experiences in India.' Do you agree with this view? Discuss.","10","150"],[5,"b) Distinguish between empathy and compassion. Why are they considered as foundational values in public services?","10","150"],[7,"Q.2) a) The current society is witnessing rising levels of intolerance. What are the consequences of this situation for personal well-being and for societal well-being? What can one do at the personal level to become tolerant?","10","150"],[9,"b) What are the main components of emotional intelligence and how does it help an individual in taking ethical decisions?","10","150"],[11,"Q.3) Given below are the three quotations of great thinkers. What do each of these quotations convey to you in the present context?\na) \"This life is short, the vanities of the world are transient, but they alone live who live for others, the rest are more dead than alive.\" - Swami Vivekanand","10","150"],[13,"b) \"If you cry because the sun has gone out of your life, your tears will prevent you from seeing the stars.\" - Rabindranath Tagore","10","150"],[15,"c) \"Two ways of building character – cultivating strength to challenge oppression, and tolerate the resultant hardships that give rise to courage and awareness.\" - Sardar Patel","10","150"],[17,"Q.4) a) \"With great power comes great responsibility.\" In the present context, 'Big Tech headquartered in developed countries wield disproportionate influence over digital infrastructure, personal data, and global narratives—often prioritising profit over ethical considerations. What ethical principles should guide such corporations in building a fair, inclusive, and just global digital framework?","10","150"],[19,"b) What do you understand by the term 'crisis of conscience'? Describe an incident from your life where you experienced such a crisis. How did you deal with it?","10","150"],[21,"Q.5) a) \"A politics of confession that encourages politicians and parties to confess and offer regret for their errors can surely be a cathartic experience.\" Examine the statement from the ethical point of view.","10","150"],[23,"b) What are the key objectives of the Right to Information Act, 2005? Examine the ethical concerns associated with certain provisions of the Digital Personal Data Protection Act in realizing the objectives of the RTI Act.","10","150"],[25,"Q.6) a) Public spaces serve as arenas of democratic participation and civic expression. Yet in India, they remain deeply gendered, with many women largely confined to the private and domestic sphere. Examine the factors that restrict women's access to public spaces. How can ethical governance help address the issue of gendered spatial control and promote inclusivity in public spaces?","10","150"],[27,"b) Write short notes on the following in 30 words each:\ni) Ethical fading\nii) Conflict of interest\niii) Persuasion\niv) Work culture\nv) Corporate governance","10 marks, 150","30 words each"],[29,"Q.7) A State Government in the northeastern part of the country has launched a series of anti-encroachment drives across forest areas, wetlands, and revenue lands. Under the directions of the Chief Minister, the administration has intensified efforts to reclaim public land, particularly in areas reserved for ecological protection and critical infrastructure development. Most of the time, these actions have been backed by court orders and have resulted in the recovery of thousands of hectares of land. However, in certain regions, the implementation of such drives is fraught with social and political complexities. In several districts, settlements have existed for decades and are inhabited by marginalized communities with limited access to legal rights or formal rehabilitation measures. These areas are often politically sensitive and influenced by local leaders and pressure groups.\nSimanta is posted as Additional Deputy Commissioner (ADC) in one such district. Over the past year, the district administration has attempted to align eviction measures with welfare outreach, including the provision of temporary shelters, relocation assistance, and public consultations. Recently, a major operation was scheduled to clear encroachments from over 140 hectares of forest land within a Reserved Forest, primarily to curb rising instances of human-elephant conflict and to restore ecological balance. Anticipating eviction, some residents approached the High Court seeking a stay. However, the court refused to grant it and directed the administration to proceed with the eviction following due process. Notices were served, and a detailed roadmap was prepared to carry out the operation, which was expected to last 2-3 days due to the scale and remote location. On the first day, Simanta led a team comprising forest officials, municipal workers, and police personnel. Demolitions were conducted peacefully and without major resistance. However, on the second day, when the team returned to the site, a large group of agitated residents—primarily women and children—had gathered. They raised slogans and formed human chains to prevent further evictions. The atmosphere grew tense when some individuals began throwing stones, resulting in serious injury to a municipal worker. The crowd grew increasingly volatile and emotionally charged, demanding an immediate halt to the operation. The police contingent present on the ground was outnumbered by the crowd. Faced with this crisis, some team members pleaded with Simanta to call off the operation, fearing threats to their life and the possibility of a violent escalation. Simanta attempted to contact his superior officer (the Deputy Commissioner), but due to poor mobile connectivity in the forested area, communication could not be established. Meanwhile, several local journalists had arrived and begun reporting on the incident. Simanta is in a dilemma as to what to do.\na. Evaluate the options available with Simanta to cope with the situation.\nb. Which of the above options would be the most appropriate for Simanta and why?\nc. What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by Simanta?\nd. Examine the qualities of a public servant which will be required to manage such situations.","20","250"],[30,"a. स्थिति से निपटने के लिए सिमंता के पास उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन करें।\nb. सिमंता के लिए सबसे उपयुक्त होगा और क्यों?\nc. सिमंता को किन नैतिक दुविधाओं का सामना करना पड़ रहा है?\nd. ऐसी परिस्थितियों का प्रबंधन करने के लिए एक लोक सेवक के गुणों का परीक्षण करें।\na स्थिति से निपटने के लिए सिमंता के पास उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन करें।\nb सिमंता के लिए सबसे उपयुक्त होगा और क्यों?\nc सिमंता को किन नैतिक दुविधाओं का सामना करना पड़ रहा है?\nd ऐसी परिस्थितियों का प्रबंधन करने के लिए एक लोक सेवक के गुणों का परीक्षण करें।","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[34,"Q.8) Megha is a first-year sociology student at a reputed college in the national capital. She is originally from Tadchiroli, a tribal village in a western Indian state. Megha's family migrated to the city when she was seven years old and had not visited their village since. Though Megha has fond memories of her childhood there, she never deeply understood the customs and traditions of the region. One day, Megha expresses her wish to visit Tadchiroli. Her father agrees and asks her to inform Ratan, her paternal uncle, who still lives in the village with his family. Megha informs Ratan and travels to the village during a semester break. Upon arrival, she receives a warm welcome from Ratan and his family. Later, Ratan invites her to attend a local festival. During the event, Megha notices that her cousin Rinki is missing. Curious, she asks Ratan's wife Ratna why Rinki is not at the festival. Ratna explains that Rinki is on her period, and as per tradition, menstruating girls must stay separately in small huts built specifically for the purpose. Locally known as 'kurma ghars', they are generally located on the periphery of the village, near a river or pond. She further adds that these girls are not allowed to enter the main house or participate in any social or religious activities. Megha is taken aback. She asks whether all women follow this practice. Ratna nods and says it has been the custom for generations. Even schoolgirls stay in these huts and miss classes during their periods. Ratna admits that many in the village, including herself, never questioned the practice. The explanation unsettles Megha. She finds it hard to believe that a natural biological function leads to such exclusion. Before returning to the city, Megha observes that even educated family members seem to accept and follow these customs. The experience leaves a deep impact on her. She starts reading more about menstrual taboos and their impact on women's health, dignity, and education. As a sociology student, she recognises how such traditions are linked to patriarchy and social stigma. She begins to reflect on what she can do at her level to improve the current situation, without alienating the community or disrespecting its traditions.\na. Suggest a course of action Megha can take to sensitize her village community without appearing disrespectful or confrontational.\nb. What ethical principles and methods should guide her actions while engaging with the community?\nc. How is menstruation related to human rights?","20","250"],[35,"a. मेघा द्वारा अपने गांव के समुदाय को असम्मानजनक या टकरावपूर्ण व्यवहार किए बिना संवेदनशील बनाने के लिए अपनाई जा सकने वाली कार्यवाही का सुझाव दीजिए।\nb. समुदाय के साथ जुड़ते समय उसके कार्यों को किन नैतिक सिद्धांतों और तरीकों से निर्देशित किया जाना चाहिए?\nc. मासिक धर्म मानव अधिकारों से किस प्रकार संबंधित है?","","20 अंक"],[39,"Q.9 Gopal is an 80-year-old man living in a remote and an underdeveloped village in a Central Indian state. He had been residing in a small mud house for years. When he came to know about the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana–Gramin (PMAY-G), he saw a glimmer of hope for a pucca house in the last phase of his life. However, the village sarpanch and panchayat secretary told him that to be eligible under the scheme, he must first demolish his existing house so that during a site inspection, no structure would be visible at the location. Subsequently, Gopal demolished his shelter and began living under a babool tree. For nearly six months, he has been staying in the open, braving harsh weather conditions. During this time, he has repeatedly visited the panchayat office but has been told that his application cannot be processed as he lacks the necessary documents.\nYou are the officer-in-charge of implementing PMAY-G in the district. The case of Gopal reaches you through a prominent newspaper report. You personally visit him to understand the situation on the ground. After meeting him and listening to his account, you feel that he certainly needs support. Your enquiries confirm that he is truly destitute and living in a pitiable condition under the open sky. It is also established that he demolished his house based on a faulty interpretation of the scheme by panchayat officials. However, he has no documents to show that he fulfils the eligibility criteria under the scheme.\nNow you are in a dilemma. Including him under the scheme without the necessary documents would clearly be a violation of rules. But denying him support would be cruel and inhuman.\na. Can you think of a rational way to resolve this dilemma?\nb. Give your reasons for it.\nc. What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?","20","250"],[44,"Q.10 You are working as an Assistant Section Officer in the District Development and Panchayat Office. One day, one of your close colleagues approaches you in deep distress. She tells you that her father is suffering from a severe liver condition, and the doctors have clearly stated that he must undergo liver transplant immediately in order to survive. She shares that she has no health insurance, and the surgery would cost around Rs 15 lakh. You are aware that her husband passed away a few years ago, and that she also has a four-year-old son with special needs. Just a few weeks ago, she also lost all her savings in a digital arrest scam. As a widow from a lower middle-class family, her options are extremely limited. Although you feel deeply empathetic, you are unable to offer financial assistance, as you do not have the resources to help. A few weeks later, you enquire about her father's health. She informs you that the liver transplant surgery was successful and that her father is now recovering steadily. Relieved, you ask how she managed to arrange the funds. Hesitantly, she confides that the District Development and Panchayat Officer (DDPO) helped her. Moved by her situation, the DDPO facilitated the release of Rs 15 lakh from the fund allocated to a rural sanitation scheme. The implementation of this scheme had been put on hold for a year due to technical issues and pending site approvals. She explains that the amount was provided on the assurance of strict confidentiality and with a commitment to repay it at the earliest. She expresses deep gratitude for the DDPO's timely help, which she believes saved her father's life. She has already begun repaying the money and will continue to do so until it is all returned.\na. Discuss the ethical issues involved in the case.\nb. Examine the behavior of DPDO from an ethical point of view.\nc. How would you react to the situation?","20","250"],[49,"Q.11) Nithin is the head of the Marketing Department at Pehnava Clothings Ltd., a reputed apparel manufacturing company with a strong global presence. Known for its professionalism and consistent performance, the company had earned a credible name in both domestic and international markets. However, the firm was going through difficult times. For three consecutive quarters, it had witnessed a steep decline in sales. This trend had raised serious concerns among the top management regarding the company's competitiveness, profitability, and long-term stability. To address the situation, the leadership decided to restructure the marketing division and bring in dynamic leadership. A senior marketing executive, Mr. A, was hired after a rigorous selection process. He had an impressive career record and was known for turning around sales performance in other firms and building strong brand identities. With high expectations placed upon him, Mr. A was seen as the key figure to steer the company out of crisis. Mr. A soon began delivering results. Within a year, the company's revenue had almost doubled, and its brand visibility had increased significantly. His bold marketing strategies, proactive outreach, and innovative campaigns received appreciation from various quarters within the company. His performance drew the attention of the top management. There were deliberations about assigning him a larger role within the company, with a focus on long-term business strategy. He was also being considered for an internal award for 'Excellence in Leadership and Innovation'. However, alongside professional success of Mr. A, Nithin began receiving troubling feedback about his conduct in the workplace. Informal reports indicated that he frequently made inappropriate comments about women. In addition, he regularly sent indecent messages via social media apps to all team members, including his female colleagues. Although no formal complaint was lodged initially, Nithin could sense tension within the team, and signs of discomfort were becoming increasingly apparent. Some employees even started avoiding direct interaction with Mr. A. Team morale and interpersonal trust were gradually eroding, but employees remained hesitant to speak openly. The matter escalated one evening when Mrs. X, one of Mr. A's team members approached Nithin. Visibly disturbed and emotionally shaken, she disclosed that Mr. A had repeatedly engaged in inappropriate behavior towards her. She added that Mr. A had been making undesirable advances towards her and had even tried to touch her inappropriately in his cabin. She urged Nithin to take appropriate action in the matter, or else she would have no option but to resign from her position.\na. Bring out the ethical issues involved in this case.\nb. What are the options available to Nithin?\nc. Critically examine each of the options identified by Nithin.\nd. Which of the options, do you think, would be more appropriate for Nithin to adopt and why?","20","20"],[50,"a. इस मामले में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों को स्पष्ट करें।\nb. नितिन के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\nc. नितिन द्वारा पहचाने गए प्रत्येक विकल्प का आलोचनात्मक परीक्षण करें।\nd. नितिन के लिए कौन सा विकल्प अपनाना अधिक उपयुक्त होगा और क्यों?","","20 अंक"],[55,"Q.12 You are appointed as an officer heading the Air Quality Compliance Division of the Environment Pollution Control Board in Delhi-NCR. The region is witnessing alarming levels of air pollution, which typically worsen during the winter months due to various meteorological and anthropogenic factors. The situation has led to severe public health concerns, particularly affecting vulnerable groups such as the elderly, children, and those with respiratory illnesses. The Supreme Court has also raised serious concern over the deteriorating air quality in Delhi-NCR and has directed the administration to take immediate and effective measures to control pollution, especially during the winter months. Your jurisdiction has a large number of small and medium-scale industries that were granted environmental clearance over the years. These industries form the backbone of the local economy and provide employment to a significant number of migrant workers. However, recent inspections and air quality monitoring reports indicate that a significant number of these units are operating in violation of prescribed air emission norms. As part of targeted measures to curb air pollution, you issued notices to all identified polluting units, directing them to apply for fresh environmental clearance certificates from the competent authority. However, your decision triggered strong opposition from a section of industrial units, labour unions, and local politicians. Industrial owners argued that such action would lead to production shutdowns, financial losses, and shortages of their products in the market. Labour unions and workers also protested, fearing mass unemployment and livelihood insecurity. Local politicians and vested interests accused you of jeopardising the socio-economic stability of the region. You received representations from various quarters urging you to withdraw the notices and not initiate harsh measures, citing the interests of multiple stakeholders. Additionally, you began receiving anonymous threats aimed at coercing you into reversing your decision. On the other hand, several of your colleagues supported your stance, encouraging you to act in the larger public interest. Several local NGOs and environmental groups rallied behind your actions, demanding the immediate closure of polluting units.\na. Under the given conditions, what are the options available to you?\nb. Critically evaluate each of the options listed by you.\nc. What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by you?","20","250"]]},{"i":315,"t":"Devansh Gupta","c":"Vision","p":"Essay","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/671aa-859046_1852_devansh_gupta_rank_77.pdf","q":[[17,"Is there a doubt, data is a public good?","",""],[18,"An Army of Principles can Penetrate where an army of soldiers cannot","",""]]},{"i":316,"t":"Devansh Gupta","c":"Vision","p":"Essay","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/54500-859046_2234_devansh_gupta_rank_77.pdf","q":[[18,"1. Write ONE Essay in about 1000-1200 words. (125 Marks)\n1. The imagination imitates. It is the critical spirit that creates.\n2. If agriculture goes wrong, nothing else will go right.\n3. The world will not be destroyed by those who do evil, but by those who watch them without doing anything.","125","1000-1200"]]},{"i":317,"t":"Devansh Gupta","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/e9f5b-859046_1830_devansh_gupta_rank_77.pdf","q":[[3,"1. (a) According to you, what are the main reasons behind prejudice against certain sections of a society? Discuss with examples.","10","150"],[5,"1. (b) Discuss how persuasion acts as a functional pillar in attitudinal change and attitude formation with requisite examples.","10","150"],[7,"2. (a) A legally enforceable code of ethics for civil servants, which not only prescribes the ethical values they must display in their public life but also provides sanctions for violations of these values, is the need of the hour. Discuss.","10","150"],[9,"2. (b) Although open and transparent governance has gained ground, do you agree with the view that there is merit in withholding some information from people? Justify your arguments with examples.","10","150"],[11,"3. (a) Although bribery is illegal and counterproductive, public officials still demand bribes, and executives in the private sector remain tempted to pay up. In this context, discuss ways in which corporations can build a framework to eliminate the practice of offering kickbacks.","10","150"],[13,"3. (b) Identifying the issues associated with utilization of public funds, discuss the various ethical principles which can help devise strategies for better utilization of public funds in India.","10","150"],[15,"4. What do each of the following quotations mean to you?\n(a) “All persons ought to endeavour to follow what is right, and not what is established.” — Aristotle","10","150"],[17,"4. (b) \"It is compassion, the most gracious of virtues, which moves the world.\" — Tiruvalluvar, Kural","10","150"],[19,"4. (c) \"I understand democracy as something that gives the weak the same chance as the strong.\" — Mahatma Gandhi","10","150"],[21,"5. (a) \"A well-developed Emotional intelligence is not only an instrumental tool in accomplishing goals, but has a dark side as a weapon for manipulating others by robbing them of their capacity to reason.\" Analyse.","10","150"],[23,"5. (b) What do you understand by conformity, compliance and obedience? Discuss their relevance in the context of civil services in India.","10","150"],[25,"6. (a) Though the internal control systems in India are impressive on paper, they have not worked well in curbing the issue of corruption in the administration. Comment. Also discuss the various reasons for the same.","10","150"],[27,"6. (b) There is broad consensus that the state has failed to effectively deliver public services to its citizens, particularly the poor. In this context, discuss the need for providing incentives, building state capacity and ensuring transparency for better service delivery.","10","150"],[29,"7. You are the principal of a college which has a long history of student politics. However, due to your personal belief, you are not in favour of conducting student elections and thus have kept the process of yearly student elections pending without any official announcement. While you are mulling over the decision of not conducting elections, you get representation from some professors as well as students who criticize the activities of student unions as obstructive to the academic environment of the college. Some time later, student leaders also come to talk to you regarding conduct of elections, and you tell them about the representation received by you against allowing student elections. You further tell them that you are contemplating suspending all activities related to student politics in the campus. On hearing this, student leaders become aggressive and start sloganeering and destroying college property. In this context, answer the following questions:\n(a) What are the issues involved in the case above?\n(b) How can you separate your personal ethics from professional ethics?\n(c) How would you deal with this situation?","20","in around 250"],[34,"8. In light of the above debate of capital punishment, answer the following questions:\n(a) What are the arguments in favour of and against having capital punishment in the criminal justice system?\n(b) Do you think capital punishment has a place in modern civilised society? Examine in the context of moral implications involved in awarding it.","20",""],[39,"9. An Indian company is active in the telecom sector and is the majority owner of a telecom company based in other geographies across the world. At one of its European headquarters, there emerged whistleblowing allegations that a local executive was bribing local government officials in order to obtain telecom cabling and construction contracts from the local government. The kickbacks were allegedly paid through a third-party consultant. More specifically, there were allegations that the executive, the third party, and a government official had some sort of business interest in common, possibly shareholdings in a limited company or the joint ownership of an undisclosed asset. The company is thought to be particularly close to the ruling dispensation in India and the news has now raised pressure to put its business operations in India under scanner as well. In this context, answer the following questions:\n(a) What are the ethical challenges in the given case?\n(b) Identify the different stakeholders and their interests.\n(c) As the CEO of the firm, how would you respond to the given situation?","20",""],[42,"(c) As a CEO, how would you respond?\n(i) Internal investigation into the incident.\n(ii) Ordering third party audit of company's European operations.\n(iii) Identifying the loopholes in the corporate governance system and plugging it.\n(iv) Sending the accused employee on leave until investigation is complete.","",""],[44,"10. Sunil has been posted as a DM in a hilly district which is vulnerable to several natural disasters. The district is known for a pilgrimage site and is frequently visited by tourists from all over India. The major occupation of locals therefore lies in the hospitality business. Unfortunately, after a few days of his joining, the district faced a major earthquake. It has led to high casualties and damages to the essential infrastructure such as roads and bridges. Both locals and tourists are trapped at different routes and locations. An international convoy of dignitaries from a neighboring country which has come to pay their obeisance at the pilgrimage site, is also trapped due to the disaster. Because of this, Sunil has to divert most of the available resources in the rescue operation of the foreign dignitaries. People are emotionally distressed due to the disaster, and delayed response from authorities to their needs has led to a law-and-order situation in the district. People from other states whose families are trapped and need immediate assistance are also getting restless and flooding the emergency helplines with complaints and requests.\n(a) Discuss the issues being faced by Sunil in the given scenario.\n(b) Mention a course of action that Sunil must take to maintain law-and-order as well as to expedite rescue operations of all concerned.","20",""],[49,"11. You are posted as a Customs official in one of renowned port cities of India. Your team has recently intercepted a consignment having over 5000 kilograms of red sandalwood. Red Sandalwood, also known as Red Sanders, is a prohibited item for export and is covered under the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) list and hence you detained a few individuals for their alleged involvement in trying to smuggle it to another country. However, you later come to know that these people are working for an influential businessman with close ties to the ruling party of the state. Your seniors in the department have verbally instructed you not to register any compliant as yet. You are fearful that a deal will be struck between the businessman and a few corrupt officers of your department and the detained persons will be freed. You are ready to go ahead and file the complaint but at the same time are also fearful of departmental action against you if you disobey your seniors.\n(a) What are the various options available to you in the given case? Evaluate the merits and demerits of each of these.\n(b) Also indicate (without necessarily restricting to the above options) your course of action and the reasons for the same.","20",""],[54,"12. You are the Superintendent of Police (SP) in a district. One of your subordinates informs you that a girl has reached out to him and complained about a potential death threat to her and her boyfriend who belongs to another caste. Both the families are averse to their union. She has also informed that the local police station is neither filing any complaint nor giving her any assurance of protection. The girl belongs to the dominant caste of the region and her father is a prominent local leader of the party which is in power in the state. On further enquiry, you come to know that both the girl and her boyfriend are adults. They have moved out of the house and have started living together. This has further angered both the families and they are accusing each other of abduction. In the given scenario, answer the following questions:\n(a) Bring out the ethical dilemma faced by the you.\n(b) What would be a suitable course of action to resolve the issue?\n(c) At times, such instances lead to violence and may end up in honour killings. Discuss the reasons behind their social acceptance in parts of India despite the legal sanction against them.","20",""]]},{"i":318,"t":"Devansh Saraswat","c":"Forumias","p":"GS3","y":2025,"r":221,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/DEVANSH-SARSWATUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-221-Sample-MGPCopy-2.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) Achieving inclusive growth requires a multidimensional approach that goes beyond economic growth. Discuss in context of India.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Examine the implications of the expansion of gig workforce on economic growth and employment scenario in the country.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) What is precision agriculture? How can precision agriculture help in optimizing crop production and resource management?","10","150"],[9,"Q.4 While MSMEs are the backbone of the Indian economy, they encounter various hurdles in their operation and expansion. Discuss. Also, suggest steps to support the growth of the MSME sector.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5 Explain the significance of Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) in transforming India into a knowledge-based and innovation-driven economy. Also, mention various government initiatives aimed at strengthening the protection and enforcement of IPRs in India.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) Gaganyaan mission is a landmark endeavour for India, marking significant advancements in space exploration and contributing to broader national objectives; however, overcoming the associated technical and safety challenges is crucial for its success. Analyse.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) What are the challenges in the safe management of e-waste in India? How can collaboration among multiple stakeholders help in sustainable e-waste management?","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) Define Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and mention its various stages. Also, highlight the significance of EIA in balancing developmental needs with environmental conservation in the country.","10","150"],[18,"Significance of EIA in balancing developmental needs with environment conservation","",""],[19,"Q.9) Integrated Theatre Commands shall bring jointness in operation, synergy of resources and enable armed forces in carrying out swift, effective, and decisive actions. Do you agree with this view? Justify your answer.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10 India's internal security dynamics is inextricably linked with the peace and stability in the neighborhood. Explain with special reference to instability on the eastern border.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11) The introduction of Goods and Services Tax (GST) was hailed as a transformative fiscal reform; however, the journey of GST has been a mixed bag of successes and challenges. Analyse.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12) Discuss the potential of food processing sector in addressing the issues of low value addition, high post-harvest losses and disguised unemployment plaguing Indian agriculture. Also, explain why the sector has underperformed despite its significant potential.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13) Despite the government's ambitious targets, rooftop solar installations in India are hindered by multiple factors. Elaborate. How far do you think that PM Surya Ghar Yojana can incentivise the adoption of rooftop solar installations?","15","250"],[32,"Q.14) Agricultural marketing reforms are imperative for addressing market inefficiencies and boosting farm incomes. Analyse.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 Discuss the contribution of livestock sector to the rural economy and the empowerment of women. Also, highlight main challenges faced by the livestock sector in the country and suggest strategies to overcome these challenges.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16 Generative AI holds immense potential to transform various aspects of daily life, offering both benefits and challenges. Elaborate. What policy measures do you suggest to maximize its benefits and mitigate its risks?","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 Describe the major outcomes of the 28th session of the Conference of Parties (COP) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). What were the major engagements of India in this conference?","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 Explain the causes and impacts of landslides. Also, discuss the various measures to mitigate their impact, with a special emphasis on National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) guidelines.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 Left-Wing Extremism (LWE) is showing a downward trend, but still affects many parts of the country. Highlighting the reasons for the continuance of LWE in certain pockets, suggest strategies to deal with this menace.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 Analyse how the adoption of emerging and disruptive technologies for money laundering is adding new layers of complexity to an already intricate issue. Also, highlight the measures taken to tackle the problem of money laundering both at national and international levels.","15","250"]]},{"i":319,"t":"Devansh Saraswat","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":2025,"r":221,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/DEVANSH-SARSWATUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-221-Sample-MGPCopy-3.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) Indian society and its philosophical traditions have predominantly embraced a \"non-absolutist stance\" towards ethical considerations. Do you agree?","10","150"],[5,"b) \"Empathy is a crucial human value, but there exists a complex relationship between empathy and objectivity.\" Discuss with suitable examples.","10","150"],[7,"Q.2) a) A welfare state's legitimacy rests on its ethical foundation. In your opinion, what are the key ethical traits of a welfare state? Suggest ways to strengthen the ethical foundation of a state.","10","150"],[9,"b) Different individuals have varied interpretations of what constitutes a good life. What does a good life signify for you? Explain with examples.","10","150"],[11,"Q.3) What does each of the following quotations mean to you?\na) \"A man can give up a right, but he may not give up a duty without being guilty of a grave dereliction\" Mahatma Gandhi (10 marks, 150 words)","10","150"],[13,"b) \"The world is sustained by those who refrain from hurting others, even when they have the power to do so.\"","10","150"],[15,"c) \"Our lives begin to end the day we become silent about things that matter.\" Martin Luther King Jr.","10","150"],[17,"Q.4) a) What is 'emotional intelligence' and how can it be developed? How does it help civil servants in ethical decision making and crisis management?","10","150"],[19,"b) The arrival of modernity has reshaped our traditional relationship with nature. How can a change in 'environmental attitude' aid in addressing sustainability challenges?","10","150"],[21,"Q.5) a) Once a foundational value, bureaucratic anonymity is now diluted by social media, blurring the lines between private conduct and public duty. Examine critically.","10","150"],[23,"b) What do you understand by probity in governance? What are the difficulties in upholding it in contemporary times? Suggest measures for ensuring probity in governance.","10","150"],[25,"Q.6) a) Differentiate between code of conduct and code of ethics. Explain the necessity of a code of ethics for public servants to ensure ethical governance.","10","150"],[27,"b) Despite acknowledging that corruption is detrimental and condemning it, why do people continue to engage in it? Explore the significance of value systems in combating the evil of corruption.","10","150"],[29,"Q.7 You are the Superintendent of Police (SP) in a communally sensitive district. Recently, a young couple approached you seeking protection. They wish to get married, but they belong to different religions. Also, the girl is from an influential family, while the boy comes from a humble background. They are facing threats from the girl's family, who have warned them of dire consequences if they proceed with the marriage. The girl's family has fixed her marriage to a boy belonging to their community and is vehemently against interfaith marriage. The village elders have also expressed apprehensions that, if the matter is not resolved promptly, it could incite widespread rioting and lead to serious law and order problems. The local intelligence unit has corroborated these concerns in its report submitted to your office.\nThe fears of the village elders have come true. Rumors and disagreements regarding the proposed marriage have caused communal tensions in the neighboring localities. In one such locality, a law-abiding and responsible citizen lives with his wife and son, Sahil. This locality, where people of different religions reside, has a history of maintaining overall harmony and peace despite occasional minor quarrels. But this time, it escalated to the point of rioting, during which Sahil came under the attack and was grievously injured. The rioters also set fire to many houses and vehicles, causing extensive damage to public property. Despite immediate and frantic calls to the police, no prompt action was taken. Sahil succumbed to his injuries the next day. A video of the brutal attack on Sahil emerged and went viral on social media. The incident was also covered extensively by the national media and has led to increased communal polarization in the district.\nOn one hand, the couple feels increasingly threatened as many blame them for the situation; on the other hand, there are fears of another round of violence as some members of Sahil's community vowing to avenge his death. The grieving parents are devastated by the loss of their only child and seek justice. The district administration is under immense pressure to prevent further violence, ensure justice for Sahil's family, and protect the young couple.\na) Discuss the ethical issues involved in this case.\nb) As the SP of the district, evaluate the options available to you.\nc) What course of action would you adopt to deal with the situation?","20","250"],[30,"a) इस केस स्टडी में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\nb) जिले के पुलिस अधीक्षक के रूप में, आप अपने पास उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन कीजिए।\nc) स्थिति से निपटने के लिए आप क्या कदम उठाएंगे?\na) इस केस स्टडी में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\nb) जिले के पुलिस अधीक्षक के रूप में, आप अपने पास उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन कीजिए।\nc) स्थिति से निपटने के लिए आप क्या कदम उठाएंगे?","20 अंक","250 शब्द"],[35,"Q.8 In the lush green expanse of the Western Ghats, a significant change is underway. The state government has announced a new infrastructure project—a highway connecting City A and City B. This project, envisioned as a catalyst for economic growth and enhanced connectivity, also promises to attract significant investments, including from a major semiconductor company. The semiconductor company is important for strategic purposes, given the growing importance of semiconductors in defense, space, and communications sectors. However, the proposed highway passes through a densely forested tribal area, home to an indigenous community deeply connected to the land. The local tribal community, reliant on the forest for their livelihood and cultural practices, is alarmed by the prospect of displacement and the extensive forest clearance required by the project. The forest is not just their home but a crucial part of their identity and source of livelihood. It is where their ancestors are buried, where they grow medicinal plants, and where their children play. The community's leaders, including Geeta, a respected elder, are determined to protect their land. They fear losing their ancestral lands and the destruction of their way of life. Determined to make their voices heard, the community organizes a protest march to the office of the District Magistrate and seeks time to meet the DM. The DM, Rajesh known for his fair and balanced approach, listens intently as Geeta and other leaders explain their fears. They asserted their legally protected right to manage and protect the forest. Meanwhile, in the corporate offices of M&T Infrastructure Ltd., CEO Anil is grappling with the growing unrest. The company has been contracted to build the highway, but the resistance from the tribal community poses a significant challenge. Delays could lead to escalating costs and potential project failure. Anil decides to seek a meeting with Priya, the Chief Secretary of State, to discuss the situation. Priya, overseeing the project from the state secretariat, is aware of the delicate balance needed. The project is crucial for the state's development and aligns with the policy of promoting ease of doing business. Moreover, the potential investment from the semiconductor company is strategically important for both the state and the nation. Any delay or hindrance could tarnish the state's reputation and dissuade future investments. When Anil meets Priya, he lays out his concerns. \"Madam Secretary, the protests are intensifying. If this continues, we might have to consider withdrawing from the project. The financial risks are becoming untenable.\" The ruling party, keen to maintain its pro-development image, wants early completion of the project and the materialization of the semiconductor manufacturing plant to fulfill its poll promises. The Chief Secretary conveys the policy of the state government and the concerns of M&T Infrastructure Ltd. to the District Magistrate of the district concerned. As the administrative head of the district, the responsibility for maintaining law and order and facilitating development projects rests upon him.\na) What are the ethical issues involved in the case?\nb) Evaluate the options available to Rajesh, being District Magistrate of the area.\nc) What course of action should Rajesh adopt and why?","","20"],[36,"a) केस अध्ययन में नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं?\nb) क्षेत्र के जिला मजिस्ट्रेट होने के नाते राजेश के लिए उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन कीजिए।\nc) राजेश को क्या कार्रवाई करनी चाहिए और क्यों?\na) केस अध्ययन में नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं?\nb) क्षेत्र के जिला मजिस्ट्रेट होने के नाते राजेश के लिए उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन कीजिए।\nc) राजेश को क्या कार्रवाई करनी चाहिए और क्यों?","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[38,"8 Imperative of Infrastructure creation and economic growth; (b) Options evaluate\nI Expedite the project as envisaged in chief secretary's reform\nII Propose shifting/rejection of the project by not sanctioning land","",""],[41,"Q.9) A small village in South India experienced a devastating tragedy that shocked the nation. Around 65 villagers lost their lives after drinking liquor contaminated with methanol. The tragedy quietly unfolded one evening as unsuspecting villagers gathered for relaxation, sharing stories, and unwinding after a day's work and consumed the toxic brew. Within a short time, symptoms of poisoning began to appear. The villagers experienced severe headaches, dizziness, nausea, and blurred vision. Panic quickly spread through the community as more and more people fell ill. Families desperately sought help, but the village's healthcare facilities were quickly overwhelmed and unable to cope with the sudden influx of patients. The few medical professionals available worked tirelessly, but resources were limited, and the severity of the situation became increasingly apparent. Police filed FIR, but no breakthrough was achieved in the case for almost two months. Mahesh, an investigative journalist working with a leading TV channel, began investigating the case on his own initiative. Within a month, Mahesh made a breakthrough by interacting with local people, the liquor mafia, and government officials. He prepared his investigative story and presented it to the CMD of the TV channel. Mahesh's report exposed the complete nexus of the illicit liquor mafia operating with the support of corrupt police, civil officials, and politicians. The key political figure involved was the local MLA, known to be very close to the Chief Minister. After reviewing the investigative report, the CMD advised Mahesh to drop the idea of making the story public through electronic media. The CMD revealed that the local MLA was not only a relative of the TV channel's owner but also held an unofficial 30 percent share in the channel. Additionally, the CMD offered Mahesh a promotion, a pay raise, and the adjustment of the 20-lakh soft loan that Mahesh had taken for his son's studies abroad if he handed over the investigative report.\na) What are the options available with Mahesh to cope up with the situation? Critically examine each of the options.\nb) Which of the options, do you think, would be the most appropriate for Mahesh to adopt and why?\nc) Suggest some innovative measures to address the nexus of criminal activities and prevent such tragedies.","20","20"],[42,"a) स्थिति से निपटने के लिए महेश के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं? प्रत्येक विकल्प की आलोचनात्मक जांच कीजिए।\nb) आपको क्या लगता है कि महेश के लिए कौन सा विकल्प सबसे उपयुक्त होगा और क्यों?\nc) आपराधिक गतिविधियों के गठजोड़ को दूर करने और ऐसी त्रासदियों को रोकने के लिए कुछ नवीन उपाय सुझाएँ।","","20 अंक"],[46,"Q.10 In a bustling city administration office in a state, Joint Municipal Commissioner Meera, who is also the Public Information Officer (PIO) faces a challenging situation. Recently, an RTI application has been received, demanding details about public infrastructure projects initiated during her tenure. Upon reviewing the requested information, Meera discovers that certain decisions made regarding these projects were not entirely sound in hindsight. These decisions, although taken in good faith and after due diligence, failed to realize promised outcomes. There were other employees also who were party to this decision. The disclosure of this information could potentially lead to scrutiny and backlash against herself, the employees, and contractors involved. Known for her integrity and commitment to public service, Meera finds herself at a crossroads. The RTI Act has served as a critical check against administrative arbitrariness, ensuring transparency and accountability. However, she also observes a troubling trend. RTI applications are often used by vested interests and activists seeking personal gain rather than genuine public interest. Some activists even resort to threats or extortion tactics, undermining the integrity of the RTI process. She fears the requested RTI information could be similarly exploited. Moreover, the employees involved are requesting her to withhold the information. In navigating this situation, Meera weighs her options carefully.\na) Critically examine the options available to Meera in the above situation.\nb) Which of the above would be the most appropriate for Meera and why?","20","250"],[51,"Q.11) You are the Operations Manager at a rapidly growing technology startup, Tech Nova Innovations, which prides itself on its cutting-edge solutions and ability to deliver projects on time. The startup culture is fast paced, with tight deadlines and high expectations from both clients and investors. Your current project, developing a new AI-driven platform, is crucial for securing future funding and partnerships. Your team is small but skilled, consisting of four software developers and two project coordinators, with an equal number of men and women.\nRecently, your team has faced significant challenges. Riya, one of the female software developers, has requested personal leave to care for her ailing father. Meanwhile, another female team member, Shabnam, is struggling to balance her work responsibilities with the care of her infant child. The remaining team members have had to take on additional tasks, affecting their work-life balance, leading to increased stress and frustration. As the project deadline approaches, the strain within the team becomes evident. During a critical review meeting, Arjun, a senior developer, expresses his frustration, \"Maybe it's not a good idea to have team members who can't commit full-time during crucial phases.\"\nThe comment sparks immediate backlash. Chetna, a project coordinator, finds Arjun's remark deeply offensive and reports the incident to the Human Resources (HR) Department. She also threatens to take the issue to social media, potentially harming the startup's public image. The HR Department, based at the startup's headquarters, investigates the complaint and recommends taking strict action against Arjun for his unprofessional and insensitive comment. They highlighted the importance of maintaining an inclusive and respectful workplace culture. This recommendation places you in a difficult position. The project is already behind schedule, and losing a senior developer like Arjun could severely impact its timely completion.\nYou are now faced with a complex dilemma. On one hand, it is essential to address the insensitive remark and ensure a respectful work environment. On the other hand, you must keep the project on track without further demotivating your team.\na) Discuss the ethical issues involved in this case.\nb) As the Operations Manager, how would you deal with the situation?\nc) Based on the case study, discuss the challenges faced by women at workplace. How can such challenges be resolved?","20","250"],[52,"a) इस केस स्टडी में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\nb) संचालन प्रबंधक के रूप में, आप इस स्थिति से कैसे निपटेंगे?\nc) केस स्टडी के आधार पर, कार्यस्थल पर महिलाओं के सामने आने वाली चुनौतियों पर चर्चा करें। ऐसी चुनौतियों का समाधान कैसे किया जा सकता है?\na) इस केस स्टडी में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\nb) संचालन प्रबंधक के रूप में, आप इस स्थिति से कैसे निपटेंगे?\nc) केस स्टडी के आधार पर, कार्यस्थल पर महिलाओं के सामने आने वाली चुनौतियों पर चर्चा करें। ऐसी चुनौतियों का समाधान कैसे किया जा सकता है?","20 अंक","250 शब्द"],[57,"Q.12 Utkarsh is a dedicated and experienced Chief Engineer in the Public Works Department (PWD) of a major Indian city. His responsibilities include overseeing the maintenance and construction of the city's infrastructure. One of his critical responsibilities is managing the safety and welfare of the PWD workers. A sudden strike by the workers' union of the PWD erupted over the issue of compensation to a construction worker who died while repairing a major bridge in the city. The case was brought to Utkarsh's attention for resolution.\nThe deceased worker, Shyam Lal, was part of a team tasked with repairing a crucial bridge that connected two busy parts of the city. During the repair, an unfortunate accident occurred where a section of the bridge collapsed. Shyam Lal fell from a significant height, suffering severe injuries. He was immediately rushed to the hospital but succumbed to his injuries shortly after arrival. Shyam Lal was 45 years old and the sole breadwinner for his family, which included his wife and three young children. The initial investigation revealed that Shyam Lal had not been wearing the mandatory safety harness at the time of the accident. The management, upon learning of this, is considering not providing extra compensation to Shyam Lal's family, citing negligence on his part.\nThe PWD workers' union was outraged by this decision, arguing that the lack of proper training and supervision were the primary cause of the accident. They demanded full compensation for Shyam Lal's family, like what other workers receive who die in the line of duty, and a job for one family member. With no satisfactory response from the management, the union went on strike, halting all ongoing maintenance and construction projects in the city. The strike has continued for two weeks, causing significant disruption to the city's infrastructure projects and leading to public outcry. Utkarsh is now tasked with finding a resolution to this deadlock.\na) What are the options available to Utkarsh to meet the above situation? Critically examine each of the options identified by him.\nb) What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by Utkarsh?\nc) What course of action should Utkarsh adopt to diffuse the above situation?","20","20"],[58,"a) उपरोक्त स्थिति से निपटने के लिए उत्कर्ष के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं? उनके द्वारा पहचाने गए प्रत्येक विकल्प की आलोचनात्मक जांच कीजिए।\nb) उत्कर्ष के सामने कौन सी नैतिक दुविधाएं हैं?\nc) उपरोक्त स्थिति से निपटने के लिए उत्कर्ष को क्या कदम उठाना चाहिए?\na) उपरोक्त स्थिति से निपटने के लिए उत्कर्ष के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं? उनके द्वारा पहचाने गए प्रत्येक विकल्प की आलोचनात्मक जांच कीजिए।\nb) उत्कर्ष के सामने कौन सी नैतिक दुविधाएं हैं?\nc) उपरोक्त स्थिति से निपटने के लिए उत्कर्ष को क्या कदम उठाना चाहिए?","20 अंक","20 अंक"]]},{"i":320,"t":"Devansh Sarswat","c":"Forumias","p":"Essay","y":2025,"r":221,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/DEVANSH-SARSWATUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-221-Sample-ESSAY-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"1 You are the master of your conscience and you are the ruler of your destiny.\n2 The inability to see potential in others is the greatest disability\n3 Men are governed only by serving them.\n4 Desires cannot be contrary to nature since it was given to man by nature itself","",""],[15,"1. Technology and inclusion go hand in hand in eliminating barriers","",""]]},{"i":321,"t":"Devansh Sarswat","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2025,"r":221,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/DEVANSH-SARSWATUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-221-Sample-MGP-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) As the soul of the Constitution, the preamble is not only a majestic expression of philosophy and principles but also declares the purpose of the constitution. Elaborate.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Article 21 of the Constitution has been interpreted expansively to encompass various facets of personal freedom and dignity. Elucidate with the help of relevant case laws","10 marks, 150","10"],[7,"Q.3) Explain how the Presidents of India and the USA differ in their election processes and the extent of their powers.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) Critically examine the functioning of National Human Rights Commission of India (NHRC) as an apex institution entrusted with the protection of human rights in the country.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5 The 106th Constitutional Amendment Act (Nari Shakti Vandan Adhiniyam, 2023) is regarded as a landmark step towards women's empowerment and representation, making women-led development a tangible reality. How far do you think this will help in making the Indian political process more gender-inclusive?","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) India's growing elderly population is faced with a multitude of challenges necessitating development of a comprehensive policy framework to manage this demographic transition. Analyse.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) Discuss the benefits and challenges associated with the entry and operation of foreign higher educational institutions for internationalisation of Indian higher education, in the light of recently released UGC guidelines regarding the same.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) How far do you think that farmers association has been successful as a Pressure Group?","10","150"],[19,"Q.9 The peaceful and co-operative relationship between India and Bhutan provides a unique model of bilateral ties in South Asia. Elucidate.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10 While the Gulf region offers lucrative job opportunities, the Indian diaspora often finds itself grappling with severe challenges. Analyse.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11 Recent years have witnessed a concerning decline in Parliament's functioning, marked by frequent disruptions and reduced debate on crucial national issues. Analyze the reasons for the decline in Parliament's functioning in the country and suggest remedial measures.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12) To what extent, in your opinion, has the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act been successful in laying a foundation for participatory and inclusive governance at the grassroot level?","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 Describe the various mechanisms available for the resolution of disputes concerning the use, distribution, or control of inter-state rivers. Also, state the reasons for their limited success.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14) The Election Commission of India (ECI) stands as a sentinel of democracy, ensuring that the world's largest electoral exercise is conducted with integrity and efficiency. In light of the statement, discuss the role of ECI in conducting free and fair elections. Also, state the associated challenges and suggest remedial measures.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 While e-governance offers immense potential to revolutionize governance and service delivery, its successful implementation requires addressing multifaceted challenges. Discuss.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16) Assess the performance of various schemes and policies undertaken to improve the socio-economic conditions of vulnerable sections of society. What measures do you suggest to enhance their performance?","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 What are the common challenges faced by NGOs when working with the government? How can these challenges be mitigated to ensure a productive partnership between NGOs and the government?","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 \"Poverty is a complex phenomenon that goes beyond material deprivation, necessitating comprehensive strategies that address the multifaceted nature of deprivation.\" Elaborate.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 The expansion of BRICS presents new prospects for the organization, but their realization depends on the member states' ability to address internal challenges and enhance cooperation. Elaborate.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20) \"A multipolar world order is not merely an option but a necessity\". Elaborate. How can India leverage its position to strengthen multipolarity in the global arena?","15","250"]]},{"i":322,"t":"Devyanshi Kaura","c":"Forumias","p":"GS3","y":2025,"r":71,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/DEVYANSHI-KAURAUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-71-Sample-MGP-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) Differentiate between 'growth' and 'development'. What explains the phenomena of 'jobless growth' in the economy in the recent past? Suggest measures to meet the challenges therein.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Fiscal policy can serve as a vital instrument in diminishing income inequality and fostering inclusive development. Discuss in the context of India.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3 Examine various advantages and disadvantages of outcome budgeting and assess its status in the country.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) Though a critical component of India's growth engine, MSMEs grapple with multitude of challenges. Discuss. Also, suggest measures to support the growth of the MSME sector.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) Fintech's transformative capacity in fostering financial inclusion is evident but unlocking its full potential demands addressing key challenges. Discuss.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) What are the reasons for the huge growth of services vis-a-vis industry in the country? Explain the significance of a strong industrial base for self-reliant India ('Atmanirbhar Bharat')?","15","250"],[16,"Q.7 UBI aims to empower India's diverse population by providing unconditional financial support, allowing individuals to fulfill their needs according to their unique circumstances and aspirations. In this context, assess the impact of replacing welfare schemes with a universal basic income.","15","250"],[19,"Q.8) Digital commerce is rapidly changing the way of doing business in the country, but its growth is beset with multiple challenges. Discussing the challenges, examine the role of Open Network Digital Commerce (ONDC) in addressing them.","15","250"],[20,"How ONDC can address these challenges","",""],[22,"Q.9) The economic reforms of 1991 marked a significant leap forward for India's economy, ushering in a new era of liberalization, privatization, and globalization; however, as India marches towards 'Viksit Bharat' (developed India), the need is felt for 'Reforms 2.0'. Comment.","15","250"],[25,"Q.10 Despite the recent rise in Female Labour Force Participation Rate (FLFPR), India has significant ground to cover in ensuring greater female participation in its labor force. Enumerating the reasons for low female labor force participation in the country, suggest remedial measures.","15","250"]]},{"i":323,"t":"Devyanshi Kaura","c":"Forumias","p":"GS3","y":2025,"r":71,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/DEVYANSHI-KAURAUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-71-Sample-MGP-Copy-2.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) A robust and thriving food processing sector can address multiple issues plaguing Indian agriculture. Elucidate.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Define 'food security' and outline its main dimensions. Also, throw light on various steps taken by the government to ensure food security in the country.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) Describe the various applications of nanotechnology in the agricultural sector.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4 \"India's heavy reliance on imported edible oils, stemming from multiple factors, calls for a comprehensive approach to boost domestic production and reduce this dependency.\" Elaborate.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5 Discuss the multi-dimensional impact of climate change on agriculture. What strategies would you suggest to make agriculture sustainable and climate resilient?","10","150"],[13,"Q.6 The rationale behind the MSP system is well acknowledged, but it requires comprehensive reforms to mitigate the unintended consequences on the market and environment. Analyse.","15","250"],[16,"Q.7) Explain the significance of agricultural marketing in the country. Outlining the key challenges it faces, suggest reforms to address them.","15","250"],[19,"Q.8 The transition from the green revolution to an 'evergreen revolution' is essential for sustainable agricultural growth. In this context, examine the impact of green revolution on Indian agriculture. What measures can be taken to usher in evergreen revolution?","15","250"],[22,"Q.9 While the livestock sector has immense potential to contribute to the socio-economic development of rural India, the realization of its true potential is hindered by a multitude of challenges. Elaborate. Also, suggest strategies to address these challenges.","15","250"],[25,"Q.10) Farm mechanization can drive rural prosperity and sustainable farming, but its widespread adoption is hindered by various factors. Discuss. Also, mention initiatives taken by the government to promote farm mechanization in the country.","15","250"]]},{"i":324,"t":"Devyanshi Kaura","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/76e25-45883336_3612_devyanshi_kaura_rank_71.pdf","q":[[3,"1. (a) As AI systems become deeply embedded in societal frameworks, it is imperative to ensure their design and deployment prioritize human well-being, equity, and fairness. In this context, what values should guide the development of trustworthy, human-centered AI systems? (Answer in 150 words)","","150"],[5,"1. (b) Ethical leadership is crucial for fostering good governance, as it emphasizes core values such as justice, accountability, and equity. In the face of diverse and challenging scenarios, how can ethical leadership drive transformative change in governance and decision-making? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[7,"2. (a) Integrity and impartiality are cornerstones of ethical public service, ensuring that decisions are not influenced by personal gains or biases. Upholding these values becomes challenging in situations where external pressures conflict with administrative responsibilities. Examine the importance of integrity and impartiality in civil services. How can a civil servant navigate external pressures to maintain these values while delivering effective governance? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[9,"2. (b) Transparency is not just a tool to combat corruption but a fundamental practice that upholds the integrity and legitimacy of public institutions. Examine the above statement with suitable examples.","10","150"],[11,"3 Given below are three quotations of great thinkers. What do each of these quotations convey to you in the present context?\n3. (a) \"He who is not contented with what he has would not be contented with what he would like to have.\" - Socrates (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[13,"3. (b) \"Cultivation of mind should be the ultimate aim of human existence\" - Dr. B.R. Ambedkar (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[15,"3. (c) \"The true measure of a man is how he treats someone who can do him absolutely no good.\" - Samuel Johnson (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[17,"4. (a) Examine the role of social media in shaping moral and political attitudes in contemporary society. Suggest guiding principles for fostering responsible and ethical social media usage. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[19,"4. (b) While Emotional Intelligence (EI) can be a powerful tool for strengthening interpersonal relationships and achieving goals, its misuse raises ethical concerns of manipulating emotions for personal or political advantage. Discuss the dual-edged nature of EI in this context.","10","150"],[21,"5. (a) Preventive measures play a crucial role in curbing corruption in the long run. In this context, what are the existing preventive mechanisms that aim to prevent corruption? Do you think similar mechanisms should be institutionalized at the organizational level to ensure greater accountability and transparency? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[23,"5. (b) A public servant's primary duty is to recognise the importance of public interest and ensure that it is upheld. How can a public servant balance professional responsibilities while ensuring the public good is effectively served? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[25,"6. (a) With the increasing role of the corporate sector in wealth generation and employment, ethical governance has become essential. Identify and discuss the ethical principles that should guide the corporate sector to ensure the interests of stakeholders and societal well-being.","10","150"],[27,"6. (b) How does whistleblowing influence trust and accountability in governance? Analyse the ethical dilemmas involved in whistleblowing.","10","150"],[29,"7. In the following questions, carefully study the cases presented and then answer the questions that follow (in around 250 words):\n(a) इस प्रकरण में शामिल प्रमुख हितधारकों की पहचान कीजिए और उनके संबंधित हितों का विश्लेषण कीजिए।\n(b) आर्थिक विकास, पर्यावरणीय संवेदनशीलता और जनजातीय अधिकारों के बीच संतुलन बनाने में अधिकारी द्वारा सामना की जाने वाली नैतिक दुविधाओं पर चर्चा कीजिए। (उत्तर 250 शब्दों में दीजिए)","","around 250"],[30,"(a) Identify the key stakeholders involved in the case and analyze their respective interests.\n(b) Discuss the ethical dilemmas faced by the officer in balancing economic development, environmental sustainability, and tribal rights. (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[34,"8 (a) Identify and analyze the ethical issues involved in the case.\n(b) Discuss the possible courses of action available to Akshay. What would be the most ethical and appropriate course of action in this situation? Justify your response. (Answer in 250 words)\na) Identify and analyze the ethical issues involved in the case.\nb) Discuss the possible courses of action available to Akshay. What would be the most ethical and appropriate course of action in this situation? Justify your response. (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[39,"9. (a) धामक सूचना संबंधी संकट से निपटने में इशिता द्वारा सामना की जाने वाली नैतिक दुविधाओं की पहचान कीजिए।\n(b) अभिव्यक्ति की स्वतंत्रता, सार्वजनिक व्यवस्था और सरकारी निर्देशों के बीच संतुलन बनाने में इशिता द्वारा क्या कार्रवाई की जानी चाहिए? अपने उत्तर का औचित्य सिद्ध कीजिए।\n(c) प्राकृतिक आपदाओं के दौरान धामक सूचना को रोकने के लिए क्या कदम उठाए जा सकते हैं? (उत्तर 250 शब्दों में दीजिए)","","250"],[40,"(a) Identify the ethical dilemmas faced by Ishita in handling the misinformation crisis.\n(b) What should be Ishita's course of action in balancing freedom of speech, public order, and government directives? Justify your response.\n(c) What steps can be taken to prevent misinformation during natural disasters? (Answer in 250 words)\na) Identify the ethical dilemmas faced by Ishita in handling the misinformation crisis.\nb) What should be Ishita's course of action in balancing freedom of speech, public order, and government directives? Justify your response.\nc) What steps can be taken to prevent misinformation during natural disasters? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[44,"10. As a Quality Control Officer at the India unit of a multinational corporation (MNC), you uncover a serious ethical issue—products sold in India are of inferior quality compared to those in developed countries, potentially compromising consumer safety.\nWhen you escalate the issue to the Head of Quality Control, he dismisses your concerns, justifying the discrepancy by stating that different markets follow different standards. He further warns that exposing the issue could lead to job losses, possible closure of the India unit, and your own termination.\nYou now face a personal and professional dilemma. On one hand, your father is critically ill, and as the sole earning member, losing your job could jeopardize his treatment. On the other hand, staying silent would mean compromising professional integrity and endangering consumer safety.\n(a) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\n(b) What are the options available to the Quality Control Officer to address this issue?\n(c) What responsibilities do corporations have towards consumers in different markets?","","Answer in 250"],[49,"11. You are the District Magistrate of a district renowned as the hub for coaching centres specializing in engineering and medical entrance exams. Recently, the district has witnessed a tragic rise in student suicides, with five students in the age group of 15-18 years taking their own lives. These students, who came from various parts of the country, sought admission to prestigious institutions like IITs and AIIMS but were subjected to immense academic and social pressure. The coaching centres, which are largely managed by influential political figures from the ruling party, are reported to have prioritized rankings and revenue generation over the well-being of students. The institutes are said to categorize students into high-performing and low-performing batches, creating additional stress. Many of these students, living in paying guest accommodations or hostels, face isolation, emotional strain, and mental health challenges. Moreover, investigations have uncovered the emergence of a black market for performance-enhancing drugs among students who, under extreme pressure, resort to unethical means to improve their academic standing.\n(a) Highlight the stakeholders involved and discuss the associated ethical issues in the given case.\n(b) Given the situation, what will be your course of action as the District Magistrate?\n(c) Discussing the various reasons for the increasing number of suicides among students, suggest long-term measures to address this issue. (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[54,"12 Priya, an IAS officer serving as the Municipal Commissioner of ABC City, is faced with a challenging ethical dilemma. The state government has approved a Smart City project, which includes the construction of a multi-lane expressway and modern commercial complexes. The project aims to boost economic activity, enhance urban mobility, and attract investment, positioning ABC as a model for sustainable urban development. However, the proposed expressway passes through the old city area, which is home to centuries-old heritage buildings, temples, and a community of artisans who rely on tourism and handicrafts for their livelihood. Experts warn that the construction will lead to the demolition of historic structures and the displacement of traditional craftsmen, thereby threatening the city's cultural identity. Heritage conservationists and local communities are strongly opposing the project, advocating for alternative routes or modifications to preserve the old city's heritage. Conversely, business groups, real estate developers, and political leaders argue that urban development is essential for progress and that heritage concerns should not obstruct modernization. Priya must navigate these conflicting interests, ensuring that the government's urban development agenda is implemented while also safeguarding the city's rich cultural heritage and the livelihoods of vulnerable communities.\n(a) Identify the key stakeholders involved in the case and analyze their respective interests.\n(b) Discuss the ethical dilemmas faced by Priya in balancing urban development, heritage conservation, and the rights of local communities. (Answer in 250 words)","","250"]]},{"i":954,"t":"Diksha Joshi","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/11Lbt5MmFMgEq6gyCPDre-Mongg3LcdWa/view","q":[[3,"Q.1) What do you understand by the concept of \"Rule of law\" under Indian constitution? How is it different from that in the UK constitution?","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) All constitutions are heirs of the past and testators of the future. How far is this true in case of Indian Constitution?","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) Discuss the key tension areas in centre state relations.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4 What are the parliamentary privileges enshrined in the constitution for protecting the authority and dignity of the house and its members?","10","150"],[11,"Q.5 What is the importance of Local Self Governments in a Democracy such as India? Why do you think did the makers of the Constitution not give adequate importance to this subject in the original constitutional document?","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) What do you understand by basic structure doctrine? Highlight the elements which constitute the basic structure as decided in various judgements.","10","150"],[14,"4) Independence of judiciary","",""],[15,"Q.7) Rajya Sabha is not as powerful as Lok Sabha, but powerful enough in comparison to state legislative councils. Examine.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) What do you understand by 'The doctrine of separation of powers'? Do you think this doctrine is absolutely rigid as per our constitution? Justify.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9 \"India has president but not presidential form of government\". Critically evaluate the position of president in Indian constitution.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10 Discuss the effectiveness of Representation of People's Acts for the smooth conduct of elections and in creating a meaningful democracy.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11 A democracy is just as credible as the strength of the institutions fundamental to its legitimacy. Assess the role of the Central Bureau of the Investigation (CBI) in this context.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12) Do you think whether the remnants of various colonial laws have undermined the true meaning of Freedom of speech and expression under Article 19 of Indian Constitution? Justify.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13) Discuss the role of parliamentary committees in ensuring financial accountability of the executive.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14) Discuss the various issues in the effective functioning of the anti-defection law. Does the law, while deterring defections, also lead to suppression of healthy intra party debates and dissent?","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 How Far do you agree with the view that Election Commission of India (ECI) needs to be granted more rule making power to enable better conduct of elections? Give reasons in support of your answer.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16) Critically analyze the role of pressure groups in Indian political process? Do you think that in recent years, they have emerged as an important actor on Indian political landscape?","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 Debate on the suitability of the idea of \"one nation, one election\" to Indian polity.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 Explain the contingencies under which the president may promulgate ordinances. Does the use of ordinance making power subvert the democratic process? Argue your case.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 Any democracy needs thriving and coherent opposition. How can the role of the opposition be made more effective for the better functioning of the democracy?","15","250"],[50,"Q.20) Discuss the constitutionally enshrined role of Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG). What are the safeguards provided in the constitution for the effective functioning of CAG?","15","250"],[51,"5 Reports of CAG are utilised by the Public Accounts Committee to scrutinise the expenditure made by the Parliament.\nSafeguards provided to CAG Safeguards provided to CAG :\n1) Manner of appointment\n2) Removal\n3) Expenses charged on the consolidated fund of India","",""]]},{"i":951,"t":"Diksha Joshi","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Z1cnZgUxt9h3KnQHZo3asgCoZWfiVjiu/view","q":[[3,"1. (a) Open Government Data (OGD) can be seen as a step towards greater transparency and accountability in India. In this context, discuss the benefits of OGD and the challenges which lie therein.","10","150"],[5,"1. (b) An important requisite for ensuring probity in governance is absence of corruption. Analyse.","10","150"],[7,"2. (a) Enumerate the decisive factors behind moral attitude. Also, discuss any incident from your life wherein you brought about a change in someone's attitude around an important social issue.","10","150"],[9,"2. (b) Highlighting the importance of whistle-blowing in an organisation, discuss the systemic factors that determine whether a person would become a whistle-blower.","10","150"],[11,"3. (a) Transparent governance promises an accountable state but a balance has to be achieved between disclosure requirements and administrative privileges for efficient governance. Discuss.","10","150"],[13,"3. (b) Citizen empowerment is a natural outcome of a Citizen's Charter. Critically evaluate in the Indian context.","10","150"],[15,"4. (a) Emotional Intelligence is an essential ingredient for successful implementation of pandemic induced emergency response. Comment in the light of COVID-19 pandemic.","10","150"],[17,"4. (b) Discretionary power by itself is not pure evil but gives much room for misuse. Discuss in the context of administration in India.","10","150"],[19,"5. (a) Explain the ethical issues involved in spending government funds for advertisement campaigns and publicity.","10","150"],[21,"5. (b) Explaining the concept of political neutrality, discuss its significance in administration. Also, highlight how the Central Civil Services (Conduct) Rules seek to ensure political neutrality in the civil services.","10","150"],[25,"6. (b) \"Strive not to be a success, but rather to be of value.\" - Albert Einstein","10","150"],[27,"6. (c) \"Virtue lies in our power, and similarly so does vice; because where it is in our power to act, it is also in our power not to act.\" — Aristotle","10","150"],[29,"7. Party X has a clear majority in the Lok Sabha. However, because of it falling short of majority in the Rajya Sabha, a large number of its bills are getting stalled in the Upper House. Elections of a key state are around the corner and the party desperately needs to win, for it to secure a majority in the Rajya Sabha. As part of its campaign strategy, the social media head of the party suggests an insidious strategy to make electoral gains. A part of the strategy involves sending out questionnaires online and promoting them using ads. The response filled by people to these online questionnaires will help reveal their key personality traits to the social media team of the party. These behavioral science insights would be important in helping candidates tailor their campaign messages according to the recipient's personality traits. However, because the content of the questionnaire is incendiary and polarizing, the social media team decides to use fake accounts to administer data collection on social media platforms to avoid getting penalised. In addition, the strategy also involves sending out provocative content through online ads and fake news reports. This goes against the spirit of free and fair elections and violates the Election Commission guidelines on multiple levels.\n\nAs one of the key members of the social media team of the party, you have been entrusted with carrying out this campaign successfully.\n(a) What are the key ethical issues involved in this case.\n(b) What is the course of action you would take? Give reasons for your response in a situation like this?","20","in around 250"],[30,"(a) इस प्रकरण में सम्मिलित प्रमुख नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं?\n(b) आपके द्वारा की जाने वाली कार्रवाई क्या होगी? इस तरह की स्थिति में अपनी प्रतिक्रिया के कारण बताएं?","",""],[35,"8 You are an IPS officer on your first posting in a very poor and isolated rural area of one of the most backward states of the country. In your office complex, of which you are the incharge, there is a frequent sewage related problem, causing inconvenience to the employees in your office complex and severely affecting the efficiency of the workplace. It might also lead to health disorders and diseases such as cholera, diarrhoea etc. To resolve it, the cleaning workers are made to do manual scavenging work without due regards to their safety. Most of these workers are from marginalised castes and are discriminated against socially. You are aware of the laws banning manual scavenging and the loopholes around it. In this context, answer the following questions:\n(a) What are the issues which you need to address in this situation?\n(b) Present your course of action to deal with the given situation.","20",""],[36,"(a) Issues needed to be addressed:","",""],[40,"9. You have recently been posted as a District Development Officer in a traditionally rural area that has seen rapid economic development in the past few years. You notice that there is a huge disparity between the number of male and female children in the area. When you go to the hospital and check the birth registry, you realise that registered new-born babies are mostly males. On further investigation, you notice a similar pattern in the village primary school, which has more male students than females.\nWhen you raise the issue with your colleagues, they ignore it and carry on with their work. You suspect that the practice of female foeticide may be entrenched in the area as you had read about the issue in the context of this state while studying for the Civil Services Examination. It seems to you that respected members of the community like doctors, politicians and government officials have chosen to ignore the issue, given the prevalence of patriarchy and mind-set of voters in the area. Thus, despite rapid economic development, preference for male child continues to persist.\nBased on the information above, answer the following:\n(a) Do you have any ethical duty in this scenario? Justify your views.\n(b) What would be your next steps and why?","20",""],[45,"10. According to some reports, gambling and betting together, while illegal, have evolved into a multi-billion dollar industry in India with one estimate pegging the market at $60 billion. Added to this is the wide reach of cricket as a sport and the periodic cases of betting in it making to news. It has been suggested by some that making gambling and betting legal would resolve many issues and also contribute to the exchequer.\nOn the other hand, there remains a strong opinion against doing so.\n(a) What is your opinion on the matter?\n(b) Also, identify the merits of the arguments in opposition to the stand you have taken.","20",""],[46,"a) Opinion on the issue","",""],[50,"11. You work as a marketing consultant for a multinational company that specializes in various products including nutrient supplements, diet pills etc. The company pays its employees extremely well and provides satisfactory fringe benefits. Your manager has hinted that he will recommend you for overseas company transfer, which will improve your job profile. This has motivated you to work harder and perform better. The company has to advertise and sell a new weight loss pill 'X'. As per in-company research, it has minimal or no side effects and has no adverse impacts on health, which is its unique selling point (USP). You are given the responsibility of heading the marketing team for advertising pill 'X'. Due to a well-crafted marketing strategy including endorsement by a renowned celebrity, the product has generated considerable public attention. However, while working on an advertisement campaign for the pill, you find out that the in-company research findings of pill 'X' are fabricated. While it indeed has no side-effects, there are no proven benefits of taking the pill as well. It merely acts as a placebo. When you bring up the issue with your manager, he promptly tells you to keep the facts to yourself. He also indirectly brings up the fact that your performance review date is approaching and hints that you will get transferred overseas if you prove your loyalty to the company. Based on the given information, address the following:\n(a) Identify the stakeholders in this situation.\n(b) State the ethical issues that arise in this case.\n(c) Discuss your options in this scenario and mention your next step.","20",""],[51,"दी गई जानकारी के आधार पर, निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर दीजिए:\n(a) इस स्थिति में हितधारकों की पहचान कीजिए।\n(b) इस प्रकरण में उत्पन्न होने वाले नैतिक मुद्दों का उल्लेख कीजिए।\n(c) इस परिदृश्य में अपने विकल्पों की विवेचना कीजिए और अपने अगले कदम का उल्लेख कीजिए।","",""],[56,"12. There was an incident at a company wherein a fire broke out and led to a number of casualties. During the preliminary inquiry, one of the employees and bystander witnesses, specified that the company had taken all the safety measures and the management was not at fault. During litigation, the same employee was identified as a witness and his deposition was to be taken.\nThe issue is now in the court. You are a Senior Manager of the company and accompanying the said employee to the court for the deposition. On the way the employee tells you that he had lied during the inquiry; and that the truth was worse for the company than he had stated previously.\n(a) Identify the various ethical issues you would face in this situation.\n(b) What would you suggest the employee to do? Give reasons for your suggestions.","20",""]]},{"i":952,"t":"Diksha Joshi","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1USUmo9-dz4n3yt72Igzds3ivS3I-fhZ7/view","q":[[3,"1. (a) Do laws need to be consistent with the prevalent moral norms? Discuss with examples.","10","150"],[5,"1. (b) \"People's indifference is the best breeding ground for corruption to grow\". Comment.","10","150"],[7,"2. (a) In the context of COVID-19 pandemic, discuss the importance of Emotional Intelligence among healthcare workers.","10","150"],[9,"2. (b) It is the 'spirit of service' that motivates a public servant to serve the country's interests and address people's issues. Discuss.","10","150"],[11,"3. (a) Ethics does its work in the world by granting and withdrawing legitimacy. Discuss in the context of role of ethics in international relations.","10","150"],[13,"3. (b) Sustainable growth of an organisation can result only by aligning its decisions to the interests of all stakeholders, not merely its shareholders. Do you agree? Justify with logical arguments.","10","150"],[15,"4. (a) Shri Lal Bahadur Shastri's life exemplifies value-driven public service of the highest order. What are the values one can learn from his life to be a good citizen and a good administrator?","10","150"],[17,"4. (b) There is a view that the institutional mechanisms to ensure accountability of civil servants have weakened over time. In this context, discuss the need of a social accountability law in India.","10","150"],[19,"5. (a) Why has anonymity of civil servants traditionally been seen as an important arrangement? In this context, discuss your opinion on the doctrine of facelessness in civil services.","10","150"],[21,"5. (b) In the age of social media, influencers have a huge following and have gained prominent marketing roles. In this context, discuss the ethical issues involved in influencer marketing.","10","150"],[23,"6. What do each of the following quotations mean to you?\n(a) Every man must decide whether he will walk in the light of creative altruism or the darkness of destructive selfishness. – Martin Luther King Jr.","10","150"],[25,"6. (b) Let us sacrifice our today so that our children can have a better tomorrow. – A.P.J. Abdul Kalam","10","150"],[27,"6. (c) I measure the progress of a community by the degree of progress which women have achieved. – B.R. Ambedkar","10","150"],[29,"7. You are a young officer posted as the Sub Divisional Magistrate in a district which houses factories for making match boxes and fire crackers. It is brought to your notice that a large number of children are working in these hazardous activities. The government had previously released a notification that owners of these manufacturing units need to report on the profiles of their employees annually to prevent child labour. These manufacturing units, abiding by the directives of the government, publish such reports annually and claim to have successfully put an end to employment of child labour. However, there are reports that these units are taking advantage of loopholes in the law. They are using contractors to continue to indirectly hire children without them officially being on the payroll of the units. Families of these child labourers are poor and see this as an essential source of income. An influential local politician also owns some of these manufacturing units and is known to put pressure on the officers involved for not taking any action against child labour.\n(a) Identify the stakeholders and ethical issues in this case.\n(b) How would you approach the problem and what would be the main elements of your action?\n(c) What medium to long-term measures will you propose to tackle the problem of child labour in the district?","20","in around 250"],[34,"8. Many states in India have experimented with prohibition of liquor at various times. However, it is common knowledge that many such states have a thriving illegal liquor industry. Moreover, it is ironical that while many political parties have prohibition prominently mentioned in their manifestos, it is politicians who distribute alcohol among voters during their election campaigns. This also gives rise to illicit liquor trade and many people lose their lives to it.\n(a) What are the socio-economic problems that are widely attributed to alcoholism?\n(b) Do you think prohibiting liquor creates more problems than it proposes to solve?\n(c) Short of prohibition, what can be done to tackle the problem of rising alcoholism, particularly among the youth of the country?","20",""],[39,"9. You are posted as a District Magistrate (DM) of a district where residents are facing the menace of stray dogs. Instances of dogs chasing two-wheelers, cyclists and attacking pedestrians are on the rise. Elderly persons as well as children are the worst-hit and recently, an 8 year old girl was severely injured by a pack of dogs. The perceived magnanimity of the problem and inaction from government authorities have prompted vigilante groups to cull dogs in mass numbers. However, local NGOs have come out against such a practice of mass culling and are calling for stringent action against those killing stray dogs.\n(a) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\n(b) As the DM, suggest short-term and long-term measures to tackle the above issue.","20",""],[44,"10. You are a young officer posted as the Superintendent of Police (SP) in a district. You have received information that at a party some people were harassed by your subordinate police officer. On further inquiry, you came to know that two complaints have been filed - one by the police and the other by people who organised the party. According to the police, people had gathered without permission and were not following COVID-19 appropriate behaviour and social distancing norms. But on the other hand, the complaint filed by the party organisers says that police entered the private venue due to loud noise and harassed everyone at the party including women guests. According to them, your subordinate police officer even tore apart the document, which granted permission to organise the party. A video of this incident, showing your subordinate officer tearing off a document, is being widely circulated on social media platforms. Due to this, social activists want you to take strict action against your subordinate police officer.\n(a) Identify the ethical issues in the case.\n(b) What are the factors that can influence decision by competent authorities in such instances? Do you think mobilising public opinion through social media is a fair way to influence the decision in such cases?\n(c) As the SP, what will be your course of action in this situation?","20",""],[49,"11. As India's vaccination drive against the COVID-19 pandemic breaches the 100 crore inoculation mark, some of the most backward tribal districts of the country still remain unvaccinated. You are the new District Magistrate (DM) in one such tribal district. The vaccination drive has been unsuccessful in the district so far despite imminent threats of the virus. It is believed that the tribals of the district refuse to get vaccinated due to their personal beliefs regarding immunization. Further, the community doctor who works in geriatrics and has almost daily contact with members of the district, too has refused to be vaccinated based on his personal beliefs. This has made the people more adamant about their decision to remain unvaccinated. Additionally, rumours of a few deaths post-vaccination have spread in the district. There is also a high risk of rising cases in the nearby districts spilling over to your district. There is a dire need for assuaging the fear of people and extreme pressure on the administration to take action and conduct the vaccination drive smoothly.\n(a) What are the ethical issues in the given case?\n(b) As the DM in charge, what steps will you take to tackle the issues?\n(c) Discuss how persuasion can be used to convince people to voluntarily get vaccinated.","20",""],[54,"12. In India, there exists a huge gap between demand for organ transplants and available donors, both living and cadaver. Besides a lack of awareness on organ donation, the rise of non-communicable and lifestyle diseases, such as hypertension and diabetes have led to increased instances of organ failure, in turn putting even more pressure on the demand for vital organs. According to reports, an estimated four lakh people die in India every year waiting for an organ transplant. Other than the legal and administrative issues, there are various ethical issues related to organ donation and transplantation in India. Provide an account of these ethical issues in detail. Also, discuss how the gap between demand and supply of organs in India can be closed.","20",""]]},{"i":953,"t":"Diksha Joshi","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1zvzTesrlAYzdqii_9sfRhejRgopJX_1e/view","q":[[3,"1. (a) Morality is neither divine commands nor universal principle of thought rather practices developed by groups of human beings striving to avoid mutually harmful conflict and promote mutually beneficial cooperation. Comment.","10","150"],[5,"1. (b) \"Never do anything against the conscience even if the state demands it.\" In this context, discuss the role of conscience in taking ethical decisions in administration.","10","150"],[7,"2. (a) \"While corruption is never good, not all forms of corruption are equally bad for the economy, nor do they cause the same kind of harm.\" Critically analyse the statement in the context of India.","10","150"],[9,"2. (b) Explain different aspects of the 'right conduct' taught by Mahavira to attain a life full of happiness and content.","10","150"],[11,"3. (a) Analyze the significance of appointing ethics officers in the light of strengthening corporate governance in India.","10","150"],[13,"3. (b) What is the ethical basis behind the idea of reparations for historical wrongs committed against certain groups?","10","150"],[15,"4. (a) Gender inequality begins at home and then gets institutionalised at the societal level. Discuss.","10","150"],[17,"4. (b) What do you understand by Integrity Pacts? In light of recent events, analyse their utility in ensuring transparency and efficiency in public procurement in India.","10","150"],[19,"5. (a) For a public servant to fulfill his ethical obligations, it is important that there be no dichotomy between his personal ethics and public ethics. Analyze.","10","150"],[21,"5. (b) The moral circle of humanity has been expanding constantly over time. Discuss in this context whether non-human entities should have the same rights as humans beings.","10","150"],[23,"6. What do each of the following quotations mean to you?\n(a) \"Each individual is capable of transforming his immediate environment by attempting a radical transformation inside him\". – J Krishnamurti","10","150"],[25,"6. (b) \"Facts are many, but the truth is one.\" - Rabindranath Tagore","10","150"],[27,"6. (c) \"It may be expedient but it is not just that some should have less in order that others may prosper.\" — John Rawls","10","150"],[29,"7. You are a single mother and work as a school counsellor for the psychological well-being of primary and secondary school children at a reputed school. Recently, you have found through your interactions that several students have been facing emotional trauma and mental health issues. Realising the gravity of the situation you want to discuss this with the school authorities and the board of trustees and come up with an advanced plan that can help parents get better involved. However, during the meeting, concerns are raised regarding your findings and the lack of supporting evidence is also cited by some. Moreover, senior members who are present express a sense of displeasure at what this might mean for the reputation of the school.\nYou are thoroughly appalled with this approach of the school authorities, yet you are mired down in your own financial circumstances.\nOn the basis of the above situation, answer the following:\n(a) Identify the most relevant stakeholders in the case.\n(b) What are the dilemmas in the case?\n(c) Discuss how stigmatisation of mental health issues can be addressed in schools.","20","in around 250"],[32,"(c) Ways to address stigmatisation of mental health issues in school","",""],[34,"8. You are working as a Divisional Forest Officer in an area which is home to tigers. Recently, there have been reports of a tiger venturing into agricultural fields and also killing livestock of villagers. Unfortunately, 2-3 villagers have been killed by some wild animals in last few weeks. Villagers claim that the tiger has killed their fellow villagers and request you to protect their lives and property by either relocating or killing the man-eater tiger. They also obstructed investigation of forest officials to ascertain whether it was the work of tiger or some other animals. Your attempts to trap the tiger have not been successful. Concerned over the delay in killing or relocating the tiger, villagers hire a private hunter to kill the tiger on their own and argue that they have a right to defend themselves and their property. In this context, answer the following questions:\n(a) Identify the issues involved in this scenario.\n(b) What steps would you take as the Divisional Forest Officer to ensure villagers' safety along with protection of tigers?","20",""],[39,"9. Though discrimination on racial grounds is generally associated with Western countries, arguably similar notions of colour and racial discrimination are prevalent in India too. Many Indians are found to be obsessed for \"White\" skin tone as visible in matrimonial ads and popularity of whitening creams. They are also found to be more hospitable towards the white-skinned Europeans than the dark-skinned Africans. Even within the country, people can be found to be discriminating fellow countrymen on the basis of their skin tone. People from North-East India face frequent racial abuse and are referred to by various derogatory names. All these point towards racism being practised and accepted in India. Moreover, it is not considered a very serious issue as the anti-discrimination laws in India are not stringent enough to deal with hate crimes associated with racism.\n(a) In this context, discuss the ethical issues associated with the practice and acceptance of racial discrimination in India.\n(b) If you have been tasked to formulate a plan to combat hate crimes associated with racism in India and bring about an attitudinal change, what would be your suggestions?","20",""],[44,"10. You are the Superintendent of Police of a city where a large slum has developed in recent decades on the property of Indian Railways. The Indian Railways has prepared a plan for expansion of the city railway station for which they want to get the slums demolished. They have requested the assistance of local police for the same, however, the people residing in those slums have responded angrily to this step and have occupied the railway tracks, resisting any action by the officials. Slum dwellers are asking for a suitable rehabilitation, citing that the city is under the grip of a cold wave as the month of December is in progress. This has not only halted the railway traffic on the route causing immense hardships to railway passengers but also posing risk of violence between slum-dwellers and the police.\nGiven the situation\n(a) Identify various issues involved in the case along with different stakeholders.\n(b) What course of action would you follow to end this situation of confrontation and resume normal functioning of the Railways?","20",""],[49,"11. With its highly coveted line of consumer electronics, a multinational company 'A' has a cult following among loyal consumers and makes profits of crores of rupees. Recently, a report by an international non-governmental organisation has highlighted that in some overseas production centres of the company, the working conditions are hazardous for the labour, which include children also. In some centres, the international environmental standards are also flouted. The company's global head has defended their position by saying that they have little control over monitoring and regulating the entire supply chain due to internationalization of the production process. Based on the above information, answer the following:\n(a) Do you think company 'A' should be held responsible for ethical lapses made by individuals further down its supply chain?\n(b) Should customers be expected to take into account the ethical track record of companies while making purchases? Give reasons.","20",""],[54,"12. In a recent survey around social and economic indicators, a certain state in the country was found grossly underperforming. The state is marred with the issues of poverty, hunger, social backwardness, lawlessness and underdevelopment. In about seven decades since gaining independence, this state has continued to perform poorly across various indices. In the past, the Chief Minister had set up a fact finding Committee to report on the chief causes of the backwardness of the State. After years of ground research and surveying, it was found that the one of the main causes of the state's backwardness was its huge population that amplified resource scarcity to unimaginable proportions. Taking a clue from the facts presented in the report, the State Cabinet constitutes a panel of policy makers to consider this question of growing population and suggest suitable revisions to the State's Population Policy. The Panel recommends legislating a Population Control Bill that has a contentious provision in the form of 'One Child' norm. You are the Chief of this Panel and the recommendations of the Panel require your approval to be tabled in the Chief Minister's Office. In this context, answer the following questions:\n(a) What are the ethical issues related to population control of a compulsory nature that you would consider before approving or rejecting the recommendation?\n(b) What would be your course of action in the aforementioned case? Suggest reasons for the same.","20",""]]},{"i":325,"t":"Disha Dhankhar","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2025,"r":235,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/DISHA-DHANKHARUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-235-Sample-MGP-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[17,"8. How modern lifestyles are alienated from nature","",""],[21,"How globalisation has redefined kinship & community\n1. Joint to nuclear to transnational families -\n1.1 increased migration for work & education has led to transnational kinship networks.\n1.2 Even nuclear families are emotionally joint with help of communication & technological advancements.\n2. Individualism over collectivism - rising individual autonomy eg. occupational choice, mate selection, religious ideology; promoted by globalisation.\n3. Emergence of 'fictive' kin & community - online communities, professional networks & interest groups eg. fandoms function as alternatives to traditional kinship networks.\n4. Increasing trends of inter caste & inter religious marriages - as traditional ideals of endogamy take a backseat & class & idea of","",""],[50,"1. Positive impact of social media on Indian society\n1. Democratisation of information and public space - social media allows for greater participation in public consensus, fact checking information & speaking truth to power.\n2. Gives voice to marginalised - revival of Dalit narratives, campaigns such as #MeToo & the 4B movement (South Korea) gives marginalised sections a platform.\n3. Role in disaster & crisis response - eg. use of social media during covid19 for hospital requests, oxygen needs, donations for charity work to help during floods & earthquakes.","",""]]},{"i":326,"t":"Disha Dhankhar","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2025,"r":235,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/DISHA-DHANKHARUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-235-Sample-MGP-Copy-2.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) To what extent, in your opinion, have the ideals of the Preamble been realised in the country's 75-year constitutional journey?","10","150"],[4,"Q.7 \"India’s poverty lies in the eyes of the beholder.\" In light of this statement, examine the need for a credible and periodically updated poverty estimation framework in the country.","10","150"],[5,"Q.13 'The post of Deputy Speaker goes beyond ceremonial significance and is indispensable to Indian parliamentary democracy.' Discuss with relevant constitutional provisions and conventions. Also, examine the implications of the prolonged vacancy of the Deputy Speaker's post.","15","250"],[6,"Q.19 Examine the factors behind the growing salience of the Arctic region in international politics. Discuss, in this context, strategies for India to recalibrate its Arctic engagement.","15","250"]]},{"i":327,"t":"Disha Dhankhar","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":2025,"r":235,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/DISHA-DHANKHARUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-235-Sample-MGP-Copy-3.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1 a) ‘Unconscious biases in parenting continue to shape gendered experiences in India.’ Do you agree with this view? Discuss.\nb) Distinguish between empathy and compassion. Why are they considered as foundational values in public services?","10","150"],[4,"Q.4) a) “With great power comes great responsibility.” In the present context, ‘Big Tech’ headquartered in developed countries wield disproportionate influence over digital infrastructure, personal data, and global narratives—often prioritising profit over ethical considerations. What ethical principles should guide such corporations in building a fair, inclusive, and just global digital framework?","10","150"],[5,"Q.6) a) Public spaces serve as arenas of democratic participation and civic expression. Yet in India, they remain deeply gendered, with many women largely confined to the private and domestic sphere. Examine the factors that restrict women’s access to public spaces. How can ethical governance help address the issue of gendered spatial control and promote inclusivity in public spaces?\nb) Write short notes on the following in 30 words each:\ni) Ethical fading\nii) Conflict of interest\niii) Persuasion\niv) Work culture\nv) Corporate governance","10 marks, 150","10"],[6,"Q.7) A State Government in the northeastern part of the country has launched a series of anti-encroachment drives across forest areas, wetlands, and revenue lands. Under the directions of the Chief Minister, the administration has intensified efforts to reclaim public land, particularly in areas reserved for ecological protection and critical infrastructure development. Most of the time, these actions have been backed by court orders and have resulted in the recovery of thousands of hectares of land. However, in certain regions, the implementation of such drives is fraught with social and political complexities. In several districts, settlements have existed for decades and are inhabited by marginalized communities with limited access to legal rights or formal rehabilitation measures. These areas are often politically sensitive and influenced by local leaders and pressure groups.\nSimanta is posted as Additional Deputy Commissioner (ADC) in one such district. Over the past year, the district administration has attempted to align eviction measures with welfare outreach, including the provision of temporary shelters, relocation assistance, and public consultations. Recently, a major operation was scheduled to clear encroachments from over 140 hectares of forest land within a Reserved Forest, primarily to curb rising instances of human-elephant conflict and to restore ecological balance. Anticipating eviction, some residents approached the High Court seeking a stay. However, the court refused to grant it and directed the administration to proceed with the eviction following due process. Notices were served, and a detailed roadmap was prepared to carry out the operation, which was expected to last 2–3 days due to the scale and remote location. On the first day, Simanta led a team comprising forest officials, municipal workers, and police personnel. Demolitions were conducted peacefully and without major resistance. However, on the second day, when the team returned to the site, a large group of agitated residents—primarily women and children—had gathered. They raised slogans and formed human chains to prevent further evictions. The atmosphere grew tense when some individuals began throwing stones, resulting in serious injury to a municipal worker. The crowd grew increasingly volatile and emotionally charged, demanding an immediate halt to the operation. The police contingent present on the ground was outnumbered by the crowd. Faced with this crisis, some team members pleaded with Simanta to call off the operation, fearing threats to their life and the possibility of a violent escalation. Simanta attempted to contact his superior officer (the Deputy Commissioner), but due to poor mobile connectivity in the forested area, communication could not be established. Meanwhile, several local journalists had arrived and begun reporting on the incident. Simanta is in a dilemma as to what to do.\na. Evaluate the options available with Simanta to cope with the situation.\nb. Which of the above options would be the most appropriate for Simanta and why?\nc. What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by Simanta?\nd. Examine the qualities of a public servant which will be required to manage such situations.","20","250"],[7,"a. स्थिति से निपटने के लिए सिमंता के पास उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन करें।\nb. सिमंता के लिए सबसे उपयुक्त होगा और क्यों?\nc. सिमंता को किन नैतिक दुविधाओं का सामना करना पड़ रहा है?\nd. ऐसी परिस्थितियों का प्रबंधन करने के लिए एक लोक सेवक के गुणों का परीक्षण करें।\na स्थिति से निपटने के लिए सिमंता के पास उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन करें।\nb सिमंता के लिए सबसे उपयुक्त होगा और क्यों?\nc सिमंता को किन नैतिक दुविधाओं का सामना करना पड़ रहा है?\nd ऐसी परिस्थितियों का प्रबंधन करने के लिए एक लोक सेवक के गुणों का परीक्षण करें।","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[8,"a. Suggest a course of action Megha can take to sensitize her village community without appearing disrespectful or confrontational.\nb. What ethical principles and methods should guide her actions while engaging with the community?\nc. How is menstruation related to human rights?","20","250"],[9,"a. Can you think of a rational way to resolve this dilemma?\nb. Give your reasons for it.\nc. What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\na Can you think of a rational way to resolve this dilemma?\nb Give your reasons for it.\nc What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?","20","250"],[10,"a. Discuss the ethical issues involved in the case.\nb. Examine the behavior of DPDO from an ethical point of view.\nc. How would you react to the situation?\na Discuss the ethical issues involved in the case.\nb Examine the behavior of DPDO from an ethical point of view.\nc How would you react to the situation?","20","250"],[11,"a. Bring out the ethical issues involved in this case.\nb. What are the options available to Nithin?\nc. Critically examine each of the options identified by Nithin.\nd. Which of the options, do you think, would be more appropriate for Nithin to adopt and why?\na. Bring out the ethical issues involved in this case.\nb. What are the options available to Nithin?\nc. Critically examine each of the options identified by Nithin.\nd. Which of the options, do you think, would be more appropriate for Nithin to adopt and why?","20","250"],[12,"Q.12 You are appointed as an officer heading the Air Quality Compliance Division of the Environment Pollution Control Board in Delhi-NCR. The region is witnessing alarming levels of air pollution, which typically worsen during the winter months due to various meteorological and anthropogenic factors. The situation has led to severe public health concerns, particularly affecting vulnerable groups such as the elderly, children, and those with respiratory illnesses. The Supreme Court has also raised serious concern over the deteriorating air quality in Delhi-NCR and has directed the administration to take immediate and effective measures to control pollution, especially during the winter months. Your jurisdiction has a large number of small and medium-scale industries that were granted environmental clearance over the years. These industries form the backbone of the local economy and provide employment to a significant number of migrant workers. However, recent inspections and air quality monitoring reports indicate that a significant number of these units are operating in violation of prescribed air emission norms. As part of targeted measures to curb air pollution, you issued notices to all identified polluting units, directing them to apply for fresh environmental clearance certificates from the competent authority. However, your decision triggered strong opposition from a section of industrial units, labour unions, and local politicians. Industrial owners argued that such action would lead to production shutdowns, financial losses, and shortages of their products in the market. Labour unions and workers also protested, fearing mass unemployment and livelihood insecurity. Local politicians and vested interests accused you of jeopardising the socio-economic stability of the region. You received representations from various quarters urging you to withdraw the notices and not initiate harsh measures, citing the interests of multiple stakeholders. Additionally, you began receiving anonymous threats, aimed at coercing you into reversing your decision. On the other hand, several of your colleagues supported your stance, encouraging you to act in the larger public interest. Several local NGOs and environmental groups rallied behind your actions, demanding the immediate closure of polluting units.\na Under the given conditions, what are the options available to you?\nb Critically evaluate each of the options listed by you.\nc What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by you?","20","250"],[19,"What can one do to be more tolerant","",""],[53,"(a) Most appropriate course of action & why","",""]]},{"i":330,"t":"Dishant A Nisar","c":"Vision","p":"Essay","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/6a40e-1138476_3128_nisar_dishant_amrutlal_rank_19.pdf","q":[[5,"Write two essays, choosing one topic from each of the Sections A and B, in about 1000-1200 words each :\n1. The world must learn to work together, or finally it will not work at all.\n2. Technology, like art, is a soaring exercise of the human imagination.\n3. We've begun to raise daughters more like sons, but few have the courage to raise our sons more like our daughters.\n4. The will of the people cannot make just that which is unjust.\n5. It is the mark of an educated mind to be able to entertain a thought without accepting it.\n6. To be yourself in a world that is constantly trying to make you something else is the greatest accomplishment.\n7. We don't see things as they are, we see them as we are.\n8. A lie can travel half way around the world while the truth is putting on its shoes.","125 x 2 = 250","1000-1200 words each"]]},{"i":332,"t":"Dishant A Nisar","c":"Vision","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/1ad38-1138476_2929_nisar_dishant_amrutlal_rank_19.pdf","q":[[6,"1. Expression of dissent is central to the functioning of the Parliament. In light of this, discuss the role of the Leader of Opposition (LoP) in India's parliamentary system. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[8,"2. How can the integration of technology into judicial processes enhance accessibility, capability, and efficiency in justice delivery? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[10,"3. The Supreme Court of India has upheld unique asymmetry in India's federalism by intricately balancing centralized authority and regional autonomy. Discuss with the help of relevant case laws. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[12,"4. Evaluate the effectiveness of the National Commission for Scheduled Castes in safeguarding the interests of the Scheduled Castes in India. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[14,"5. Executive accountability to the legislature through Parliamentary Committees has been the hallmark of the Indian political system. Comment.","10","150"],[16,"6. How can India make Citizens' Charter a powerful tool for improving governance and empowering citizens? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[18,"7. How do corporate donors aid NGOs in facilitating holistic development in India? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[20,"8. Despite its merits, should the POCSO Act be revisited to correct the existing inadequacies? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[22,"9. China's acquisition of strategic ports globally has significant implications for international trade routes and economic relations. Discuss.","10","150"],[24,"10. What are the main functions of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)? How will its recent treaty on intellectual property, genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge benefit India? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[26,"11. While the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) plays a crucial role in combating corruption, its functioning is often criticized for being partisan and acting against the federal spirit. Discuss with the help of suitable examples.","15","Answer in 250"],[29,"12. Governors in India often overstep their constitutional role and fail to act effectively when needed. Comment. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[32,"13. Both India and the USA adhere to democratic principles but their electoral systems exhibit significant differences. What are the key differences in electoral practices between the two countries? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[35,"14. How far do you agree with the view that the National Green Tribunal (NGT) has met its objective of ensuring environmental justice in India? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[38,"15. Though Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) have become a platform for competitive politics, they have not emerged as an agency of planning and service delivery. Why? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[41,"16. What do you understand by interoperability in e-governance? What steps have been taken by the government to ensure interoperability and integration of various e-governance systems? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[44,"17. When it comes to sexual and reproductive health of women in India, rights-based discourse has largely been bypassed not just by the societal norms but also by the legal norms. Discuss.","15","250"],[47,"18. How effective has India been in enhancing immunization coverage over the years? What challenges continue to affect immunization efforts in the country?","15","Answer in 250"],[50,"19. India used its Presidency of the G20 to bring the voice of the Global South to the centre stage. Discuss with special reference to Africa.","15","250"],[53,"20. India's relationship with the UAE has witnessed a remarkable expansion across various domains in the last decade. Discuss. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"]]},{"i":329,"t":"Dishant A Nisar","c":"Forumias","p":"GS3","y":2025,"r":19,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/NISAR-DISHANT-AMRUTLAL-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-19-Sample-MGP-Copy-2.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) The Union Budget 2025-26 outlines a shift towards the 'debt-to-GDP ratio' as the fiscal anchor starting from FY 2026-27. Discuss the rationale behind this shift.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Why does India need to transition from a 'build to print' to a 'build to design' model in manufacturing? What steps has been taken by the government in this regard?","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) Explain the concept of a nutrition-sensitive food system and suggest strategies to achieve it in the country.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) Give a brief overview of the 'Digital Agriculture Mission'. How can it benefit the agriculture sector?","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) Rare earths are not just elements; they are foundational inputs that act like 'seeds of technology'. Elaborate","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) Why retrofitting Electrostatic Precipitators (ESPs) in Indian thermal power plants is a more viable and effective option compared to the installation of flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems?","10","150"],[14,"Q.7) 'The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) regime in India remains weak and is often reduced to a procedural formality.' In light of this statement, examine the key challenges in EIA implementation and suggest reforms.","10","150"],[16,"Q.8) Plastic pollution is emerging as a serious environmental threat in India. Discuss the various mitigation measures to address this problem and also the government's initiatives in this regard.","10","150"],[18,"Q.9) Amid evolving threats, there is a need to blend private sector capabilities with India's current internal security architecture. In this context, elaborate on the ways in which the private sector can contribute to strengthening internal security.","10","150"],[20,"Q.10) 'Radicalisation in Jammu and Kashmir is driven as much by socio-economic factors as by external influences.' Discuss how education and youth engagement can play a role in countering radicalisation in J&K. 10M.","10","150"],[22,"Q.11) Outlining the key characteristics of the care economy, discuss how India can better integrate the value of unpaid and underpaid care work into its economic framework.","15","250"],[25,"Q.12) The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) presents both unprecedented opportunities and significant challenges for India's labour market. Examine. Also suggest strategies to align AI adoption with inclusive and resilient labour market outcomes.","15","250"],[28,"Q.13 Why does India's agricultural export performance remain weak despite high production levels? What measures would you suggest to improve agri-export competitiveness?","15","250"],[31,"Q14 The agricultural subsidy regime in the country needs reforms to address the distortions it causes. Comment","15","250"],[34,"Q.15 How can biomanufacturing transform today's consumptive manufacturing paradigm to the one based on regenerative principles? Also discuss how BioE3 Policy (Biotechnology for Economy, Environment, and Employment) aims to foster biomanufacturing in the country.","15","250"],[36,"Q.16) The future of digital innovation depends on self-reliant, domain-specific AI capabilities. In this context, bring out the key considerations in developing indigenous AI models and tools. Suggest measures to build an enabling ecosystem for AI innovation in India. What initiatives have been taken by the government in this regard?","15 marks, 250","15"],[39,"Q.17 Marine oil spills are a form of environmental disaster, with far-reaching consequences for biodiversity and coastal livelihoods; however, India's preparedness to prevent such incidents and mitigate their impact has significant gaps. Analyze.","15","250"],[42,"Q.18 'The United Nations has declared 2025 as the International Year of Glacier Preservation.' Bring out the ecological and socio-economic significance of glaciers. What are the key challenges in preserving them? What measures have been taken at national and international levels towards preservation of glaciers?","15","250"],[45,"Q.19 What are the determinants of insurgency in the north-eastern region of India? What strategy should the Government of India, civil administration and security forces adopt to counter the threat in the affected areas?","15","250"],[48,"Q.20) Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have become an integral aspect of modern conflict and warfare, employed by both state and non-state actors. Discuss its implications for India's security architecture and state the measures being taken to address them. Also suggest other steps to tackle the threats emanating from UAVs.","15","250"]]},{"i":333,"t":"Dishant A Nisar","c":"Vision","p":"GS3","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/95296-1138476_2930_nisar_dishant_amrutlal_rank_19.pdf","q":[[6,"1. How is the rapid growth of the food processing industry leading to food safety challenges in India? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[8,"2. Under the Public Distribution System of India, the Fair Price Shop (FPS) transformation is an evolving process. Discuss.","10","150"],[10,"3. How are agri-tech startups in India helping farmers in enhancing farm productivity and market access? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[12,"4. Discuss the role of digitization of land records in the effective implementation of land reforms in India. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[14,"5. To fully exploit its demographic dividend and accelerate economic growth, India needs to adopt a manufacturing-led growth model. Discuss.","10","150"],[15,"4) Enhance manufacturing sector by employing people leading to 'comparative cost advantage' of Ricardo's theory","",""],[16,"6. How can the resilience of Indian coastal communities be strengthened to tackle the growing natural hazards resulting from climate change? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[18,"7. How does the Green Credit Programme extend beyond carbon management to promote a more sustainable environment in India? What are the various concerns about its implementation?","10","150"],[20,"8. What is the need for NavIC when existing satellite navigation systems are already available? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[22,"9. Cyber-enabled financial crime has emerged as the new frontier of global money laundering. Discuss. How can the government address this issue? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[24,"10. The Indian Army is observing the year 2024 as the 'Year of Technology Absorption'. In light of this, explain why there is a need for technology absorption in the defence sector of India. What challenges can India face in this initiative? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[26,"11. What are the issues faced in the development of trade and industries in the North-Eastern Region (NER) of India? Comment on the measures that have been taken to tackle these issues. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[29,"12. In the era of climate change and growing water scarcity, how can micro-irrigation systems contribute to sustainable agricultural practices in India? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[32,"13. What strategies can be adopted to overcome the issues pertaining to freight transportation in the Indian Railways and increase its share in the domestic freight? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[35,"14. Discuss the factors that have aided India in making impressive strides in the renewable energy sector and establishing itself as a frontrunner in the global renewable energy transition. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[38,"15. How does agricultural runoff containing fertilizers and pesticides contribute to environmental pollution? What measures can be taken to mitigate the impact of agricultural runoff? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[41,"16. The growing influx of tourists in Himalayan states has breached their ecological carrying capacity, leading to significant man-made disasters. What measures can be implemented to prevent such disasters while promoting sustainable tourism? Discuss with relevant examples.","15","250"],[44,"17. How do superconductors fuel innovation in diverse fields of science and technology? Illustrate with examples. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[47,"18. While India has laws covering almost all types of intellectual property rights, numerous enforcement, regulatory and administrative challenges hamper the commercialisation of IPRs in India. Elaborate.","15","Answer in 250"],[50,"19. Keeping in view the challenges in creating integrated theatre commands, examine how the theaterisation of commands can lead to greater integration and rationalisation of manpower and resources among the three services.","15","Answer in 250"],[51,"How ITC can lead to integration and rationalization of manpower and resources.","",""],[53,"20. Treating border villages as first villages not just geographically but also in terms of facilities can be a key strategy for enhancing border security. Discuss. Also, highlight the measures being taken by the government in this regard.","15","Answer in 250"]]},{"i":328,"t":"Dishant A Nisar","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":2025,"r":19,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/NISAR-DISHANT-AMRUTLAL-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-19-Sample-MGP-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) 'Unconscious biases in parenting continue to shape gendered experiences in India.' Do you agree with this view? Discuss.","10","150"],[5,"b) Distinguish between empathy and compassion. Why are they considered as foundational values in public services?","10","150"],[7,"Q.2) a) The current society is witnessing rising levels of intolerance. What are the consequences of this situation for personal well-being and for societal well-being? What can one do at the personal level to become tolerant?","10","150"],[9,"b) What are the main components of emotional intelligence and how does it help an individual in taking ethical decisions?","10","150"],[11,"Q.3) Given below are the three quotations of great thinkers. What do each of these quotations convey to you in the present context?\na) \"This life is short, the vanities of the world are transient, but they alone live who live for others, the rest are more dead than alive.\" - Swami Vivekanand","10","150"],[13,"b) \"If you cry because the sun has gone out of your life, your tears will prevent you from seeing the stars.\" - Rabindranath Tagore","10","150"],[15,"c) \"Two ways of building character - cultivating strength to challenge oppression, and tolerate the resultant hardships that give rise to courage and awareness.\" - Sardar Patel","10","150"],[17,"Q.4) a) \"With great power comes great responsibility.\" In the present context, 'Big Tech' headquartered in developed countries wield disproportionate influence over digital infrastructure, personal data, and global narratives—often prioritising profit over ethical considerations. What ethical principles should guide such corporations in building a fair, inclusive, and just global digital framework?","10","150"],[19,"b) What do you understand by the term 'crisis of conscience'? Describe an incident from your life where you experienced such a crisis. How did you deal with it?","10","150"],[21,"Q.5) a) \"A politics of confession that encourages politicians and parties to confess and offer regret for their errors can surely be a cathartic experience.\" Examine the statement from the ethical point of view.","10","150"],[23,"b) What are the key objectives of the Right to Information Act, 2005? Examine the ethical concerns associated with certain provisions of the Digital Personal Data Protection Act in realizing the objectives of the RTI Act.","10","150"],[25,"Q.6) a) Public spaces serve as arenas of democratic participation and civic expression. Yet in India, they remain deeply gendered, with many women largely confined to the private and domestic sphere. Examine the factors that restrict women's access to public spaces. How can ethical governance help address the issue of gendered spatial control and promote inclusivity in public spaces?","10","150"],[27,"b) Write short notes on the following in 30 words each:\ni) Ethical fading\nii) Conflict of interest\niii) Persuasion\niv) Work culture\nv) Corporate governance","10 marks, 150","30 words each"],[29,"Q.7) A State Government in the northeastern part of the country has launched a series of anti-encroachment drives across forest areas, wetlands, and revenue lands. Under the directions of the Chief Minister, the administration has intensified efforts to reclaim public land, particularly in areas reserved for ecological protection and critical infrastructure development. Most of the time, these actions have been backed by court orders and have resulted in the recovery of thousands of hectares of land. However, in certain regions, the implementation of such drives is fraught with social and political complexities. In several districts, settlements have existed for decades and are inhabited by marginalized communities with limited access to legal rights or formal rehabilitation measures. These areas are often politically sensitive and influenced by local leaders and pressure groups. Simanta is posted as Additional Deputy Commissioner (ADC) in one such district. Over the past year, the district administration has attempted to align eviction measures with welfare outreach, including the provision of temporary shelters, relocation assistance, and public consultations. Recently, a major operation was scheduled to clear encroachments from over 140 hectares of forest land within a Reserved Forest, primarily to curb rising instances of human-elephant conflict and to restore ecological balance. Anticipating eviction, some residents approached the High Court seeking a stay. However, the court refused to grant it and directed the administration to proceed with the eviction following due process. Notices were served, and a detailed roadmap was prepared to carry out the operation, which was expected to last 2-3 days due to the scale and remote location. On the first day, Simanta led a team comprising forest officials, municipal workers, and police personnel. Demolitions were conducted peacefully and without major resistance. However, on the second day, when the team returned to the site, a large group of agitated residents — primarily women and children — had gathered. They raised slogans and formed human chains to prevent further evictions. The atmosphere grew tense when some individuals began throwing stones, resulting in serious injury to a municipal worker. The crowd grew increasingly volatile and emotionally charged, demanding an immediate halt to the operation. The police contingent present on the ground was outnumbered by the crowd. Faced with this crisis, some team members pleaded with Simanta to call off the operation, fearing threats to their life and the possibility of a violent escalation. Simanta attempted to contact his superior officer (the Deputy Commissioner), but due to poor mobile connectivity in the forested area, communication could not be established. Meanwhile, several local journalists had arrived and begun reporting on the incident. Simanta is in a dilemma as to what to do.\na. Evaluate the options available with Simanta to cope with the situation.\nb. Which of the above options would be the most appropriate for Simanta and why?\nc. What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by Simanta?\nd. Examine the qualities of a public servant which will be required to manage such situations.","20","250"],[30,"a. स्थिति से निपटने के लिए सिमंता के पास उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन करें।\nb. सिमंता के लिए सबसे उपयुक्त होगा और क्यों?\nc. सिमंता को किन नैतिक दुविधाओं का सामना करना पड़ रहा है?\nd. ऐसी परिस्थितियों का प्रबंधन करने के लिए एक लोक सेवक के गुणों का परीक्षण करें।\na स्थिति से निपटने के लिए सिमंता के पास उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन करें।\nb सिमंता के लिए सबसे उपयुक्त होगा और क्यों?\nc सिमंता को किन नैतिक दुविधाओं का सामना करना पड़ रहा है?\nd ऐसी परिस्थितियों का प्रबंधन करने के लिए एक लोक सेवक के गुणों का परीक्षण करें।","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[31,"B Option Suitable and why?\n1) A mix of option 1 and option 3","",""],[34,"Q.8) Megha is a first-year sociology student at a reputed college in the national capital. She is originally from Tadchiroli, a tribal village in a western Indian state. Megha's family migrated to the city when she was seven years old and had not visited their village since. Though Megha has fond memories of her childhood there, she never deeply understood the customs and traditions of the region. One day, Megha expresses her wish to visit Tadchiroli. Her father agrees and asks her to inform Ratan, her paternal uncle, who still lives in the village with his family. Megha informs Ratan and travels to the village during a semester break. Upon arrival, she receives a warm welcome from Ratan and his family. Later, Ratan invites her to attend a local festival. During the event, Megha notices that her cousin Rinki is missing. Curious, she asks Ratan's wife Ratna why Rinki is not at the festival. Ratna explains that Rinki is on her period, and as per tradition, menstruating girls must stay separately in small huts built specifically for the purpose. Locally known as 'kurma ghars', they are generally located on the periphery of the village, near a river or pond. She further adds that these girls are not allowed to enter the main house or participate in any social or religious activities. Megha is taken aback. She asks whether all women follow this practice. Ratna nods and says it has been the custom for generations. Even schoolgirls stay in these huts and miss classes during their periods. Ratna admits that many in the village, including herself, never questioned the practice. The explanation unsettles Megha. She finds it hard to believe that a natural biological function leads to such exclusion. Before returning to the city, Megha observes that even educated family members seem to accept and follow these customs. The experience leaves a deep impact on her. She starts reading more about menstrual taboos and their impact on women's health, dignity, and education. As a sociology student, she recognises how such traditions are linked to patriarchy and social stigma. She begins to reflect on what she can do at her level to improve the current situation, without alienating the community or disrespecting its traditions.\na. Suggest a course of action Megha can take to sensitize her village community without appearing disrespectful or confrontational.\nb. What ethical principles and methods should guide her actions while engaging with the community?\nc. How is menstruation related to human rights?","20","250"],[35,"a. मेघा द्वारा अपने गांव के समुदाय को असम्मानजनक या टकरावपूर्ण व्यवहार किए बिना संवेदनशील बनाने के लिए अपनाई जा सकने वाली कार्यवाही का सुझाव दीजिए।\nb. समुदाय के साथ जुड़ते समय उसके कार्यों को किन नैतिक सिद्धांतों और तरीकों से निर्देशित किया जाना चाहिए?\nc. मासिक धर्म मानव अधिकारों से किस प्रकार संबंधित है?","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[39,"Q.9 a. Can you think of a rational way to resolve this dilemma?\nb. Give your reasons for it.\nc. What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\na Can you think of a rational way to resolve this dilemma?\nb Give your reasons for it.\nc What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?","20","250"],[44,"Q.10) You are working as an Assistant Section Officer in the District Development and Panchayat Office. One day, one of your close colleagues approaches you in deep distress. She tells you that her father is suffering from a severe liver condition, and the doctors have clearly stated that he must undergo liver transplant immediately in order to survive. She shares that she has no health insurance and the surgery would cost around Rs 15 lakh. You are aware that her husband passed away a few years ago, and that she also has a four-year-old son with special needs. Just a few weeks ago, she also lost all her savings in a digital arrest scam. As a widow from a lower middle-class family, her options are extremely limited. Although you feel deeply empathetic, you are unable to offer financial assistance, as you do not have the resources to help. A few weeks later, you enquire about her father's health. She informs you that the liver transplant surgery was successful and that her father is now recovering steadily. Relieved, you ask how she managed to arrange the funds. Hesitantly, she confides that the District Development and Panchayat Officer (DDPO) helped her. Moved by her situation, the DDPO facilitated the release of Rs 15 lakh from the fund allocated to a rural sanitation scheme. The implementation of this scheme had been put on hold for a year due to technical issues and pending site approvals. She explains that the amount was provided on the assurance of strict confidentiality and with a commitment to repay it at the earliest. She expresses deep gratitude for the DDPO's timely help, which she believes saved her father's life. She has already begun repaying the money and will continue to do so until it is all returned.\na. Discuss the ethical issues involved in the case.\nb. Examine the behavior of DDPO from an ethical point of view.\nc. How would you react to the situation?","20","20"],[49,"Q.11 a. Bring out the ethical issues involved in this case.\nb. What are the options available to Nithin?\nc. Critically examine each of the options identified by Nithin.\nd. Which of the options, do you think, would be more appropriate for Nithin to adopt and why?\na Bring out the ethical issues involved in this case.\nb What are the options available to Nithin?\nc Critically examine each of the options identified by Nithin.\nd Which of the options, do you think, would be more appropriate for Nithin to adopt and why?","20","250"],[54,"Q.12 You are appointed as an officer heading the Air Quality Compliance Division of the Environment Pollution Control Board in Delhi-NCR. The region is witnessing alarming levels of air pollution, which typically worsen during the winter months due to various meteorological and anthropogenic factors. The situation has led to severe public health concerns, particularly affecting vulnerable groups such as the elderly, children, and those with respiratory illnesses. The Supreme Court has also raised serious concern over the deteriorating air quality in Delhi-NCR and has directed the administration to take immediate and effective measures to control pollution, especially during the winter months. Your jurisdiction has a large number of small and medium scale industries that were granted environmental clearance over the years. These industries form the backbone of the local economy and provide employment to a significant number of migrant workers. However, recent inspections and air quality monitoring reports indicate that a significant number of these units are operating in violation of prescribed air emission norms. As part of targeted measures to curb air pollution, you issued notices to all identified polluting units, directing them to apply for fresh environmental clearance certificates from the competent authority. However, your decision triggered strong opposition from a section of industrial units, labour unions, and local politicians. Industrial owners argued that such action would lead to production shutdowns, financial losses and shortages of their products in the market. Labour unions and workers also protested, fearing mass unemployment and livelihood insecurity. Local politicians and vested interests accused you of jeopardising the socio-economic stability of the region. You received representations from various quarters urging you to withdraw the notices and not initiate harsh measures citing the interests of multiple stakeholders. Additionally, you began receiving anonymous threats aimed at coercing you into reversing your decision. On the other hand, several of your colleagues supported your stance, encouraging you to act in the larger public interest. Several local NGOs and environmental groups rallied behind your actions, demanding the immediate closure of polluting units.\na. Under the given conditions, what are the options available to you?\nb. Critically evaluate each of the options listed by you.\nc. What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by you?","20","250"]]},{"i":331,"t":"Dishant A Nisar","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/04dd5-1138476_2931_nisar_dishant_amrutlal_rank_19.pdf","q":[[6,"1. (a) The end cannot justify the means, for the simple and obvious reason that the means employed determine the nature of the ends produced. Discuss with suitable examples.","10","150"],[8,"1. (b) Discuss how the relationship between law and ethics is dynamic and continuously shaped by societal changes. Provide examples to illustrate this dynamic relationship. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[10,"2. (a) Differentiate between probity and integrity with suitable examples. How do these values contribute to ethical governance and decision-making in the civil services? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[11,"How they contribute to ethical governance and decision-making?","",""],[12,"2. (b) Discuss the ethical implications of withholding information in public administration. How can transparency enhance accountability and reduce corruption in government institutions? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[14,"3 (a) What do each of the following quotations mean to you?\n(a) \"There is no school equal to a decent home and no teacher equal to a virtuous parent.\" - Mahatma Gandhi (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"3. (b) \"Everyone thinks of changing the world, but no one thinks of changing himself.\" - Leo Tolstoy (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[18,"3. (c) \"To see what is right and not do it is a lack of courage.\" – Confucius (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[20,"4. (a) What factors lead to a positive attitude in a person? How does positive attitude enhance the effectiveness of civil servants in performing their duties? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[22,"4. (b) Discuss how emotional intelligence can influence ethical decision-making in the allocation of scarce public resources.","10","150"],[24,"5. (a) Various international humanitarian organizations provide emergency aid in conflict zones around the world. Highlight the ethical challenges faced by such organizations. What are the principles that guide international humanitarian work? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[26,"5. (b) Why is persuasion regarded as an important skill for civil servants? What are the key considerations that should guide persuasion in governance? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[28,"6. (a) What role can ethical leadership play in curbing corruption, especially in public service? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[30,"6. (b) What were the major teachings of Swami Dayanand Saraswati? Explain their relevance in addressing the current ethical and social challenges in India.","10","150"],[33,"(a) Discuss the ethical dilemma Karan faces in deciding whether to report the incident against Mariyam's wishes.\n(b) Evaluate the options available to Karan. Which of these options should he choose and why?\n(c) What responsibilities do organizations like XYZ Corp have in preventing and addressing sexual harassment and creating inclusive workplace environments? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[38,"8 (a) शिक्षा विभाग के आयुक्त के रूप में जय के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं? इनमें से प्रत्येक विकल्प का मूल्यांकन कीजिए।\n(b) जय को कौन-सा विकल्प अपनाना चाहिए और क्यों?\n(c) जय जैसे सिविल सेवकों को अपने दायित्वों के निर्वहन में नैतिक मानकों को बनाए रखने के प्रयास के दौरान बेहतर सुरक्षा कैसे प्रदान की जा सकती है? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)\na) शिक्षा विभाग के आयुक्त के रूप में जय के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं? इनमें से प्रत्येक विकल्प का मूल्यांकन कीजिए।\nb) जय को कौन-सा विकल्प अपनाना चाहिए और क्यों?\nc) जय जैसे सिविल सेवकों को अपने दायित्वों के निर्वहन में नैतिक मानकों को बनाए रखने के प्रयास के दौरान बेहतर सुरक्षा कैसे प्रदान की जा सकती है? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250 शब्दों में"],[39,"(a) What are the options available to Jay as the Commissioner of the Education Department? Evaluate each of these options.\n(b) What option should Jay adopt and why?\n(c) How can civil servants like Jay be better protected when they attempt to uphold ethical standards in their work? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[43,"9. As the District Magistrate of X city, you are responsible for overseeing the construction of a new metro depot in an urban forest area, which is a critical infrastructure project aimed at improving public transportation and reducing traffic congestion and air pollution. The project, however, requires the clearance of a substantial portion of the forest, which has triggered strong opposition from environmental activists, local residents, and NGOs. This forest is widely regarded as essential for the city's ecological balance, often referred to as the city's \"lungs.\" In addition to the environmental concerns, you are under considerable pressure from politicians at the state-level to expedite the project, given the upcoming elections in two years. The political leadership emphasizes the benefits of the metro project for the city's development and its potential to garner electoral support. The project is expected to significantly reduce travel time for thousands of commuters and potentially decrease overall vehicle emissions in the city. However, it would also lead to the loss of thousands of trees and disrupt local ecosystems. As you prepare to make a decision, you are aware that your choice will have far-reaching consequences for both the city's development and its environment.\n(a) Identify the ethical dilemmas involved in the above case.\n(b) Evaluate the options available to you in the above situation. Which of these would you choose and why?\n(c) Suggest some measures that could be implemented to balance urban development needs with environmental conservation in future projects. (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[48,"10 Dr. Mehra is a senior drug developer at a leading pharmaceutical company in India, renowned for producing various medications, including lifesaving drugs critical for treating chronic and rare diseases. Since its inception, the company has emphasized the quality and affordability of its drugs.\n\nRecently, under revised government guidelines, pharmaceutical companies are required to market a finished product only after obtaining \"satisfactory results\" from tests on the ingredients. Additionally, they must retain a sufficient quantity of samples of both intermediate and final products to allow repeated testing or verification of a batch.\n\nDr. Mehra's team is in the final stages of developing a new medication for a rare but life-threatening disease. This drug has shown promising results in clinical trials. However, there have been unresolved concerns about the long-term side effects of the drug, observed in a small percentage of trial subjects. Despite this, the company has not released any major drug in the past decade, leading to significant pressure from the board members to expedite the drug's release.\n(a) Identify the stakeholders in the above case study.\n(b) Discuss the ethical issues faced by Dr. Mehra.\n(c) Analyse the options available to Dr. Mehra in the above case. Which of these would you choose and why? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[53,"11. You have been appointed as the Under Secretary in the State Urban Development Department. The Department has been tasked with a prestigious project aimed at revitalizing the infrastructure of a city with deep historical significance. This project, which you are extremely passionate about, involves modernizing public transportation, restoring heritage buildings, and creating green spaces while preserving the city's cultural essence.\n\nExcited by the opportunity, you spent weeks researching and drafting a comprehensive proposal. Your plan included innovative ideas for sustainable development, community engagement, and leveraging technology for urban planning. You presented these initial plans in a departmental meeting, hoping to inspire your colleagues and kickstart the project.\n\nHowever, your enthusiasm was met with indifference. Your colleagues showed little interest, failing to contribute ideas or efforts towards the project. Concerned, you reported this lack of enthusiasm to your immediate superior, who is also the authority for this project. To your dismay,\n(a) इस प्रकरण में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\n(b) उपयुक्त कार्य संस्कृति कार्यस्थल पर मनोबल और उत्पादकता को किस प्रकार प्रभावित करती है?\n(c) आपके पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं और आप इस स्थिति का समाधान किस प्रकार करेंगे? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250"],[54,"(a) Discuss the ethical issues involved in this case.\n(b) How does the above-mentioned work culture affect workplace morale and productivity?\n(c) What are the options available to you and how would you address the situation? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[58,"12 (a) उपयुक्त प्रकरण के आलोक में, कॉर्पोरेट, राजनीतिक और नौकरशाही के हितों के बीच गठजोड़ से उत्पन्न होने वाले नैतिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\n(b) एक कर्तव्यनिष्ठ सिविल सेवक के रूप में, अरुण के पास उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन कीजिए। उसे कौन-सा विकल्प चुनना चाहिए और क्यों? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)\n(a) उपयुक्त प्रकरण के आलोक में, कॉर्पोरेट, राजनीतिक और नौकरशाही के हितों के बीच गठजोड़ से उत्पन्न होने वाले नैतिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\n(b) एक कर्तव्यनिष्ठ सिविल सेवक के रूप में, अरुण के पास उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन कीजिए। उसे कौन-सा विकल्प चुनना चाहिए और क्यों? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250 शब्दों में"],[59,"(a) and (b) (a) In light of the above case, discuss the ethical issues that may arise from the nexus between corporate, political, and bureaucratic interests.\n(b) As a conscientious civil servant, evaluate the options available to Arun. Which option should he choose and why? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"]]},{"i":334,"t":"Divya","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2025,"r":182,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/DIVYA-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-182-Sample-MGP-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) \"India’s democratic roots are deeply embedded in its ancient civilizational ethos.\" Discuss in the context of India being referred to as the ‘Mother of Democracy’.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Elucidate the significance of tiger and elephant figures in Indian mythology, art and architecture.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) The arrival of Lord William Bentinck marked a period of transformation in the British Indian State. Discuss.","10","150 word"],[9,"Q.4 Explain how the American War of Independence deprived Great Britain of one empire, but it strengthened the foundations of another.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) What are Rare Earth Elements (REEs)? Discuss the multi-dimensional implications of uneven distribution of REEs in the world.","10","150 word"],[13,"Q.6) Highlight the salient differences between the Himalayan and the Peninsular drainage Systems.","10","150 word"],[15,"Q.7 Describe the nature and mode of origin of the main types of rock at the earth's crust.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) The alienation of modern lifestyles from nature has contributed to the ongoing environmental crisis in India. Examine.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9 What do you understand by the term ‘urbanisation of poverty’? Also, explain how urban poverty differs from rural poverty in India?","10","150"],[21,"Q.10) Globalization has redefined the idea of community and kinship in Indian society. Do you agree? Justify your answer.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11) The flourishing of various art forms during the Kushana period reflects the rich and diverse cultural landscape of the time. What insights does this provide into the socio-cultural aspects of that era?","15","250"],[26,"Q.12 Trace the events that led to the Civil Disobedience Movement. What were its outcomes?","15","250"],[29,"Q.13) Mahatma Jyotirao Phule’s reformist ideas played a significant role in shaping the social foundations of the Indian freedom movement. Elaborate.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 The interlinking of rivers offers several benefits, but also raises significant socio-economic and environmental concerns. Analyze.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 Explain the concept of rain shadow effect. How does it influence the distribution of precipitation and vegetation across mountain ranges?","15","250 word"],[38,"Q.16 Bring out the major features of the Indian monsoon and elaborate upon its causative factors.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 What are the geographical factors responsible for the growth of mangrove vegetation in India? Also highlight its role in coastal ecology.","15","250 w"],[44,"Q.18 To what extent can the rise of ‘Kidfluencers’ be seen as a reflection of changing family structures and parental aspirations in Indian society?","15","250"],[47,"Q.19) Women often form the backbone of grassroots movements in India, yet they remain largely invisible and excluded from the decision-making process. Examine.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 Do you agree with the view that social media is a ‘double edged sword’? Discuss in the context of its impact on Indian society.","15","250"]]},{"i":335,"t":"Divya","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2025,"r":182,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/DIVYA-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-182-Sample-MGP-Copy-2.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) To what extent, in your opinion, have the ideals of the Preamble been realised in the country's 75-year constitutional journey?","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) The evolution of property rights in India reflects an intricate relationship that exists between individual rights and public welfare. Discuss this statement with the help of relevant constitutional provisions and case laws.","10","150 word"],[7,"Q.3) Under what conditions can the ‘National’ Emergency be proclaimed by the President of India? What are the consequences when such a proclamation remains in force? When was it last imposed in the country?","10","150"],[9,"Q.4 ‘Lack of a binding framework for pre-legislative consultations in India limits citizen engagement in the lawmaking.’ Propose measures to strengthen the role of public consultation in the legislative process.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) 'The recommendations of the 15th Finance Commission have enabled the States to improve their fiscal conditions.' Comment.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6 In what ways do industry and business associations contribute to socio-economic development in the country? Explain with suitable examples.","10","150 w"],[15,"Q.7 \"India's poverty lies in the eyes of the beholder.\" In light of this statement, examine the need for a credible and periodically updated poverty estimation framework in the country.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) The Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act, 2012 falls short of achieving its intended objectives. Comment.","10","150 word"],[19,"Q.9 ‘Starved of funds, shackled by geopolitics, WHO is facing a crisis of capacity and credibility.’ Discuss the statement in the light of USA’s withdrawal and its accusation of the health body of being ‘biased towards China and mishandling the COVID-19 pandemic’.","10","150 word"],[21,"Q.10 The world continues to operate in a ‘my terrorist’ versus ‘your terrorist’ paradigm. Explain. What strategies would you suggest to develop a unified, comprehensive, and rules-based global approach to tackle the menace of terrorism?","10","150 word"],[23,"11 Briefly explain the procedure laid down in the Representation of the People Act (RPA), 1951 for the registration of political parties with the Election Commission of India (ECI). What are Registered Unrecognised Political Parties (RUPPs)? What concerns are associated with them? Does the ECI have powers to de-register a political party?","",""],[26,"12 Assess the role of NITI Aayog over the past decade in promoting cooperative and competitive federalism.","",""],[29,"Q.13 ‘The post of Deputy Speaker goes beyond ceremonial significance and is indispensable to Indian parliamentary democracy.’ Discuss with relevant constitutional provisions and conventions.\nAlso, examine the implications of the prolonged vacancy of the Deputy Speaker’s post","15","250 word"],[32,"Q.14 Is the growing demand for stricter regulation of online content justified, or does it pose a threat to the right to freedom of speech and expression? Examine in light of recent judicial pronouncements.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 Critically examine the 'in-house procedure' adopted by the Apex Court to inquire into allegations of misconduct against judges of constitutional courts in India.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16 Recent controversies over alleged malpractices in the electoral rolls have renewed demands for the mandatory linkage of Aadhaar with Voter ID. What is your opinion? Give reasons in support of your answer.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 Lateral entry into civil services is seen as a reformative step, yet it continues to attract criticism and controversy. Discuss.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18) While rankings aim to benchmark the performance of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs), concerns remain about whether current ranking frameworks reflect the broader goals of education. Suggest measures to make the ranking system more objective, inclusive, and aligned with educational and societal outcomes.","15","250 word"],[47,"Q.19 Examine the factors behind the growing salience of the Arctic region in international politics. Discuss, in this context, strategies for India to recalibrate its Arctic engagement.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 Bangladesh is a key pillar of India’s Neighborhood First policy, but recent developments on both sides threaten to disrupt the 'Sonali Adhyay' in bilateral relations. Analyze.","15","250 word"]]},{"i":336,"t":"Divya","c":"Forumias","p":"GS3","y":2025,"r":182,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/DIVYA-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-182-Sample-MGP-Copy-3.pdf","q":[[37,"8 In rising cases of disasters and extreme weather events required newer approach for disaster management","",""]]},{"i":337,"t":"Divya","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":2025,"r":182,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/DIVYA-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-182-Sample-MGP-Copy-4.pdf","q":[[18,"Stephen Hawking's quote that, \"greatest danger in world is that, we will use technology without wisdom.\" find relevance today.","",""],[36,"4 Rational way to resolve the dilemma\n1 Dilemma between rule based order calling for documentation versus protecting human dignity and taking the benefits of scheme to the poor.\n2 The dilemma can be solved by involving panchayat office and arrange temporary humanitarian relief (under social welfare fund).\n3 Explore permissible alternate methods of verification through gram sabha certification and witness testimony.","",""],[48,"1) The case a dilemma between environmentalism versus development debates and the struggles between balancing the both.","",""]]},{"i":955,"t":"Divya Mishra","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1tqo4OdrJzJvJoFVgUjpkbkflAWwQhkir/view","q":[[3,"1. (a) Man is not only a product of his environment but can also modify the environment. Do you agree with this view? Justify your answer with suitable examples.","10","150"],[5,"1. (b) Though it may seem that accountability and efficiency are antithetical to each other, accountability is a sine qua non for good governance. Discuss.","10","150"],[7,"2. (a) Gandhian ideals can be of immense help in dealing with the Covid-19 pandemic. Evaluate.","10","150"],[9,"2. (b) While civil servants have the legal right to undertake post-retirement jobs, it raises key ethical issues. Comment.","10","150"],[11,"3. Given below are quotations of moral thinkers/philosophers. Bring out what they mean to you in the present context:\n(a) Try not to become a man of success but rather try to become a man of value. Albert Einstein","10","150"],[13,"3. (b) Having knowledge of an unethical act and allowing it to continue can spread a contagion that can affect multiple beings in society. Bertrand Russell","10","150"],[15,"4. (a) When people use a common resource without a coordinated plan the result is often a tragedy of the commons in which the resource is depleted. In this context, discuss the various ethical challenges arising out of utilization of Global Commons.","10","150"],[17,"4. (b) While a code of conduct merely establishes minimal standards of conduct, a better strategy to promote ethical work culture is through internalization of values. Discuss.","10","150"],[19,"5. (a) A state that does not have the political will and the discipline to enforce probity in governance, can not get rid of the menace of prolonged corruption. Discuss.","10","150"],[20,"How they rid prolonged corruption?","",""],[21,"5. (b) India cannot march successfully in to the 21st century with the administrative system having a colonial mindset. Discuss in context of the bureaucratic work culture in India.","10","150"],[23,"6. Which corporate leader has inspired you the most and what moral lessons have you learnt from their life?","10","150"],[25,"7. Increasing participation of people in governance and easy access to information is what transforms governance to good governance. Elaborate.","10","150"],[27,"8. It is sometimes believed that moral scrupulousness in one's private life automatically guarantees high moral stature in professional life. Do you agree? Justify your stand with logical arguments.","10","150"],[29,"9. You are working as a District Magistrate in an aspirational district where women literacy and sex ratio is one of the lowest in the country. It is brought to your notice that a woman who has been elected as 'Sarpanch' on a seat reserved for women candidates in a panchayat in your district is head 'only on the paper'. All the work related to the panchayat is actually carried out by her husband. Even the flag hoisting ceremony on Independence Day is carried out by her husband. However, her husband happens to be a good administrator as indicated by that panchayat's performance on various developmental parameters as compared to other panchayats in the district. Also, her husband enjoys the support of the local people. Given the situation, answer the following:\n(a) Identify the stakeholders and issues involved in this case?\n(b) What options are available to you as the District Magistrate in such a scenario? Also, evaluate each option and indicate what option will you choose.","20","in around 250"],[34,"10. The issues confronting humanity are multifaceted - from political conflicts and human rights abuses to pandemics and climate change. They are not contained within national borders, nor do they fit into the silos of separate government agencies or academic specialties. What is required is greater international cooperation, mutual respect, abiding by international laws and participative global decision-making. However, over the last decade, it has been observed that international relations have overshadowed these basic tenets of global governance and now we are at the verge of serious global catastrophic risks. When it comes to the structures of global governance, business as usual, is no longer an option. Not only an improvement in our understanding of risks is required but also taking responsibility to lead collective action for a coordinated global response.\n(a) What do you think are the factors hindering collective actions?\n(b) Provide a case for the moral obligation of the international community to come together and find solutions to the problems we face.\n(c) What should be the principles guiding such international cooperation?","20",""],[39,"11. You are posted as Superintendent of Police in a district. A case has come up in which more than 30 girls were allegedly raped and sexually exploited at the city shelter home run by an NGO. The scandal came to light when media flagged complaints of sexual abuse of inmates of the city shelter home. A nexus of police, politicians, administration and criminals have been allegedly responsible for the racket going on for the last few years. In light of this, a lot of protests have erupted across the city. While, on one hand, media glare has meant that people are demanding swift action, you have been asked to go slow in investigating the case by top officers in your department. Elections in the state are due in a few months, so it has become a politically sensitive issue. You are also under immense political pressure from the ruling party to not take strict action and make compromises to cover up the case. Given the situation, answer the following:\n(a) Identify the issues involved in the case.\n(b) What are the options available to you? Which of these options will you choose? Justify your stand with logical arguments.","20",""],[44,"12. Being the senior-most IAS officer, you are in line to be promoted as Chief Secretary after the incumbent retires in the next two months. Currently, you are heading the Public Works Department (PWD) and a road construction project worth crores has been opened for tender. A company belonging to the son-in-law of the incumbent Chief Minister has also applied for the same. The director in charge of the screening process, a young IAS officer, has reported that company Y and the state PSU have submitted the best bids. Both you and the director are facing political pressure to favour the company X. The young IAS officer may be demoralised if you give in to the pressure. But if you don't give in then he may be transferred and your chances of promotion may also suffer. In light of the situation, answer the following:\n(a) Discuss the ethical issues faced by you in the given case.\n(b) What are the options available to you? Which of these options will you choose? Justify your stand with logical arguments.","20",""],[49,"13. As the head of the Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) you are tasked to complete the construction of a power plant. The project needs to be completed expeditiously to fulfil the promise made by the government to ensure access to power for all. The selected site is in a remote area and is ideal for plant construction. However, the project would require relocation of the people living in the vicinity. Initially, the local community objected to disruption in their lives but were convinced later about the economic benefits that would accrue to the region through this plant. The project had started gathering pace, but recently a local NGO working for environment protection got involved with the local community regarding developmental activity in the region. As the officer-in-charge for the speedy execution of the project, answer the following:\n(a) What are the issues involved in this case?\n(b) What course of action will you take and why?","20",""],[54,"14. Genetic editing has several applications with its potential to edit the genomes of both somatic and germ cells. This allows for the ability to not only cure genetic diseases but to edit the characteristics of future offspring. The last few years have seen the development of several efficient, more precise genetic engineering techniques. However, with growing sophistication, various issues of bioethics have also have come to the forefront.\n(a) Discuss the ethical considerations associated with genome editing.\n(b) In the light of these ethical issues, provide an ethical framework on how this technology can be used for the betterment of humanity.","20",""],[55,"(a) Ethical considerations in genome editing:\n1 Rights of unborn child - Human rights are questioned.\n2 Homes and Harvest differences for those who are rich can get better babies than the poor, thus widening social inequality further. eg - case of designer babies.\n3 Cloning could lead to dispensable soldiers or saviour siblings which are reproduced for organ donation.\n4 Divine right to life. Man becoming God.\n5 Anti-state elements & Terrorist could misuse it - organised crime gangs - organ harvesting.","",""]]},{"i":956,"t":"Divya Mishra","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1cDv2EkznXtV5IBohBGvFpU22IRVQmx_n/view","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) What is Attitude? How does Attitude influence our thoughts and behaviour? Explain giving examples.","10","150"],[5,"b) Identify various ethical issues related to genetic manipulation of human DNA. What is India's stand on DNA manipulation technologies? What is your opinion on the ethicality of human DNA manipulation?","10","150"],[7,"Q.2) a) Why do you think despite rising education and awareness crime against women is rising and becoming more gruesome day by day? What steps can be taken to bring about an attitude change in public towards women?","10","150"],[9,"b) \"A country that demands moral perfection in its foreign policy will achieve neither perfection nor security\" - Henry Kissinger. Do you agree with this view point? Discuss various contemporary ethical issues involved in international relations and utility of moral principles in international affairs.","10","150"],[11,"Q.3) a) In the context of rising corporate frauds evaluate the relevance of Mahatma Gandhi's concept of trusteeship.","10","150"],[13,"b) \"Management is doing things right; leadership is doing the right things.\" In light of this statement, explain the difference in role of leaders and managers. Why is leadership quality important in a civil servant? Discuss with example.","10","150"],[15,"Q.4) a) Examine the relevance of the following in the context of civil services:\n1. Bureaucratic anonymity\n2. Emotional intelligence\n3. Courage of conviction\n4. Selflessness","10","150"],[17,"b) Dharma is a unique concept in Indian philosophy which encompasses all the ideas of western philosophical schools. Discuss. Also, explain what dharma means to you?","10","150"],[19,"Q.5 Given below are quotations of moral thinkers/ philosophers/ psychologists. For each of these, bring out what it means to you in the present context.\na) \"Truth can be stated in a thousand different ways, yet each one can be true.\" - Vivekanand","10","150"],[21,"b) \"Integrity without knowledge is weak and useless, but knowledge without integrity is dangerous and dreadful.\"","10","150"],[23,"Q.6) a) What is Righteousness. Why is morality and conscience important for a civil servant?","10","150"],[25,"b) What do you understand by probity in governance? In what ways does probity ensure public's trust in administration?","10","150"],[27,"c) Examine various issues related to utilization of public resources. Also discuss the role of ethics in resolving these issues.","10","150"],[29,"Q.7) You are civil servant who is allocated the task of maintenance of law and order in an area affected by farm bills protests. The local farmers in the area are seeding with anger against the introduction and passage of the three farm bills by the government and have staged mass protests which led to a law and order situation in the area. When your team reaches the affected area, the people there heckle and even assault some of your team members, resulting in severe injury to one of them. Fearing threat to their lives, other team members appeal you to call off the operations.\na) How will you respond in such a situation?\nb) Which qualities in a civil servant will help in effective management of such a crisis?","20","250"],[33,"Q.5) You are a police officer recently posted as an ACP, in the city of Bangalore. A global pandemic has spread across the world. The pandemic has been traced to China. In the aftermath of this information, there has been an unprecedented surge in acts of racial discrimination against people with East Asian and Mongoloid facial features. The brunt of this is being borne by several Indian citizens hailing from North East India with cases ranging from social media campaigns, cyber bullying to physical heckling and abuse.\n\nIn your city, there has been a recent attack on a group of people hailing from Assam in a local vegetable market. This has resulted in massive protests and roadblock by people from the North East.\n\nThere is fear among the people with rumours of violence. As a result, many North East students have already started to rush back to their homes amid the double whammy of racially motivated crimes and pandemic spread. The situation has the potential to fuel a mass exodus of people, amidst the pandemic. Under such a situation, answer the following:\na) What do you understand by the term 'prejudice' and 'stereotype'? What are the reasons behind them?\nb) Analyze the situation at hand. As a police officer, what strategy will you adopt to prevent the situation from escalating?\nc) What long term measures are needed to fight problem of racial discrimination.","20","20"],[37,"Q.9 Ramesh has been posted as the DM of one of the poorest and most drought prone district of India. A newspaper prints a story of a poor man who was forced to sell his daughter for five thousand rupees. Ramesh starts an investigation in the story and finds that the story is correct. He directs the police to lodge a formal FIR. Ramesh summons that family and enquires why they sold their daughter. The poor father tells him that due to repeated crop failures they were on the verge of starvation and he sold off his daughter to ensure the survival of the other children. Had they not sold her off, the entire family including that girl would have died of starvation. The father tells Ramesh that with the little cash, which he got by selling his daughter, he can restart agriculture on the small piece of land that he owns to ensure bright future for his other children. Now if Ramesh takes a strong action against the father, then the entire cycle will be repeated i.e., the land will remain fallow, money will be used for fighting the court case and the family may be forced to sell another child. Ramesh also has a daughter and he is unable to understand what he should do in this situation.\na) What are various ethical issues involved in the case from the perspective of various stakeholders?\nb) Evaluate different options available with Ramesh. If you were in Ramesh's position, what would you have done?","20","250"],[41,"Q.10) You have been appointed as the marketing manager of a big pharmaceutical company. The company is going to launch a new slimming drug. Your team has designed an advertisement for the drug showing unrealistic body transformation in a very short amount of time. You know that the shown body transformation from fat to fit is not possible by this drug. You are not happy with the advertisement but the CEO of the company likes it. When you discuss this issue with the CEO, he tells you such advertisement is necessary for selling of this drug. You are still unsatisfied.\na) Identify different ethical issues involved in the case.\nb) What are the different options that are available with you? Evaluate each of these options. Also suggest most suitable course of action.","20","250"],[45,"Q.11 After clearing the prestigious civil services examination, you have been posted as the SDM in one of the districts in northern India. Government has announced plotting and auctioning of land for development of real estate projects and you have been made responsible for the same. Land lies in the outskirts of the district. A new highway project is also under consideration for construction which will pass near the area suggested for development of real estate project. But the information regarding the highway project is confidential and not available in the public domain. When land is auctioned a large number of plots are bought by the relatives of a minister from the area. You suspect that the minister has leaked the information regarding road construction to his relatives. You discuss the matter with your senior. He tells you that it is a common case and you should not interfere in this case. He advices you that if you interfere in this matter the minister can ruin your career and can also cause your personal harm.\na) Identify different ethical issues involved in the case.\nb) What are different options available with you and what will you do in such circumstance? Justify your course of action.","20","250"],[49,"Q.12 You are an SP in a district. In your district a road accident took place recently, where a car has crushed and killed three people who were sleeping on the footpath. The driver of the car is absconding since the time of the accident. Upon investigations, the investigators were told by some witnesses that the car was driven by the son of a local minister. On further investigation, it was found that the son of minister was returning from a party and he may have been drunk. The next day, driver of the minister comes forward, takes the responsibility of the accident and surrenders before the police. The witnesses changed their statements and are now claiming that they could not identify the driver. The whole situation is making you sceptical about the confession and you suspect that witnesses have been tempted or threatened to change their statement. As the investigation is progressing, political pressure to shut down the investigation is also increasing.\na) Identify different ethical issues involved in the case.\nb) What would be your course of action? Justify.","20","250"]]},{"i":957,"t":"Divya Mishra","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/11IsVlUy_gsqBZywEnkBjmGmRRPDDHiaR/view","q":[[3,"2) a) Examine the relevance of following values in the context of Civil Service with suitable examples.\n1. Objectivity\n2. Persuasion\n3. Compassion\n4. Anonymity","10","150"],[5,"b) \"Public money ought to be touched with the most scrupulous consciousness of honor\". In the light of this statement discuss the values that should guide a civil servant when dealing with public funds.","10","150"],[7,"Q.2) a) It is during the times of distress and uncertainties that public servants need to display emotional intelligence and become pillars of strength for the society. Analyze this statement with focus on healthcare professionals in dealing with the pandemic.","10","150"],[9,"b) Social media platforms are inherently wired to reinforce one's political and social attitude, irrespective of its ethicality. Critically Analyze.","10","150"],[11,"Q.3) a) Without attitudinal reorientation of civil servants, Citizen Charter may remain another cosmetic change in series of administrative reforms. Examine.","10","150"],[13,"b) Jaina's philosophy of Anekantavada can help preserve the spirit of tolerance and peaceful co-existence in India. Comment.","10","150"],[15,"Q.4) a) Can social changes be induced through force of law? Assess appropriateness of using law for bringing social changes.","10","150"],[17,"Governance requires discretionary powers for better decision making and innovative problem solving, it may be misused and derail ethical governance. Comment.","10","150"],[19,"Q.5) a) It is a crime against humanity to make a profit during any human tragedy. On the contrary, there should be empathy and concern about human suffering. Analyse in the context of ethical issues involved in the pre purchase agreements of Covid-19 vaccine between different nations and pharmaceutical companies.","10","150"],[21,"b) Probity in governance is an essential and vital requirement for an efficient and effective system of governance and for socio-economic development. Discuss.","10","150"],[23,"Q.6 Given below are quotations of moral thinkers/ philosophers/psychologists. For each of these, bring out what it means to you in the present context.\na) \"In any moment of decision, the best thing you can do is the right thing. The worst thing you can do is nothing.\" – Theodore Roosevelt.","10","150"],[25,"b) 'When Men are Pure, Laws are useless; When men are corrupt, laws are broken' - former British PM Benjamin Disraeli","10","150"],[27,"Economic growth without investment in human development is unsustainable and unethical' Amartya Sen","10","150"],[29,"Q.7 Stanley Milgram, an American psychologist conducted a scientific experiment to demonstrate how someone in a position of authority can influence people to behave unethically and against their wishes, proved that subjects often performed actions that were unethical when ordered to by a person in authority. It happened in case of German dictator Adolf Hitler also who ordered the killing of millions of people during World War II and could produce obedience.\n\nCivil servants are generally both victims and perpetrators of this power of authority. Discuss how. What would be your course of action when stuck in a similar situation?","20","250"],[33,"Q.8) Sahdev and Aparna had a son named Abhijeet who was diagnosed with thalassemia minor when he was just a few months old. Abhijeet thus, needed blood transfusion every three weeks, resulting in chronic weakness and a compromised immune system resulting in frequent illnesses.\n\nThe permanent cure for Abhijeet's ailment was bone transplant, but due to no match in the family, it was not possible. The couple then found out about the concept of 'saviour sibling' and decided to go ahead with it. A saviour sibling is a child conceived through selective In vitro fertilization (IVF) as a potential source of donor organs or cells for an existing brother or sister with a life-threatening medical condition.\n\nAfter many attempts, the couple finally gave birth to a healthy baby girl Kavya, who matched the criteria to be a donor for Abhijeet. However, Kavya had to grow and weigh 10 kg before she could donate stem cells for transplantation to save her critically ill brother. While the procedure of donating stem cells is not dangerous, it would be extremely painful.\na) List the ethical arguments for and against the 'saviour child therapy'. Do you believe that it is ethical for a parent to give consent for donation of stem cells on behalf of infants?\nb) If the procedure also included risk to the life of the new born baby, would it still be a prudent therapy? Justify your answer.","20","250"],[37,"a) In such a scenario, how would you manage the societal, livelihood and health issues of the affected vulnerable communities at the same time?\nb) Examine the qualities that help a public servant in tacking such crisis situations in a better manner.\na) In such a scenario, how would you manage the societal, livelihood and health issues of the affected vulnerable communities at the same time?\nb) Examine the qualities that help a public servant in tacking such crisis situations in a better manner.","20","250"],[41,"Q.10 Law enforcement officers possess enormous amounts of power, which can be used against citizens to deprive them of their freedom, search them and their dwellings, seize their property, and use force against them. These powers are legally permitted under specific circumstances, and law enforcement officers are trained to know when these powers can be legally applied. As law enforcement officers rank among the most powerful occupations in society, what compounds their ability to use their power is that they are often in contact with relatively powerless and disenfranchised citizens who may be unable to resist an officer's illegitimate use of that power.\n\nWhat measures can be taken to prevent illegitimate use of power by law enforcement officers? Would it help in achievement of our aim to make Indian police more sensitive and approachable?","20","250"],[43,"Would it help in making Indian police more sensitive and approachable?","",""],[45,"Q.11) You have recently started working for an international soft drink company as its quality control officer. The company sells its signature soft drink under the same brand name all over the world. The soft drink is very popular in India and generates substantial revenue for the company. While the drink is in compliance with the Indian regulatory criteria, you recently discovered during your inspection that the drink is less healthy compared to those sold in developed markets. This is due to a cheaper water filtration system used for Indian markets.\nOn bringing the issue in notice to your immediate manager, he simply ignored the matter saying that the company is following all the laws. On further enquiry, you found out that the other employees in the company are silent on the issue due to fear of losing their job. You also found out that your predecessor raised the same concern and was fired from his job.\nEvaluating all the options available with you, what would you do in this situation and why?","20","250"],[49,"Q.12 You are the District Administrator of an area which is predominantly agriculture based and is experiencing high COVID-19 infection cases and related deaths. The government has recently introduced some legislations which would affect the farming sector.\n\nThese new bills however, have generated a lot of discontent among the farming community in your district. Farmers have gathered in huge numbers to protest the new bills in the busy part of the city, violating the COVID guidelines like wearing masks or maintaining social distancing norms. Because of such a situation, the law and order as well as the health situation in your district has become vulnerable.\n\nGiven this situation, state your opinions on the following:\na) How will you balance their right of the protestors and safety of the public?\nb) What will be your course of action in the given situation?\nc) Should the Right to Protest be suspended temporarily to arrest the Covid-19 infection wave?","20","250"]]},{"i":958,"t":"Divya Shakti","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1jXtUw7wAnaY-A_SBazcY0i_OuaJW9M9K/view","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) What is virtue ethics? How can a civil servant apply it to tackle day to day problems in public life?","10","150"],[5,"b) Compare and contrast Ethical egoism and Ethical Altruism. Substantiate your answer with relevant examples.","10","150"],[7,"Q.2) a) To be effective, leaders must have a comprehensive understanding of how their emotions and actions affect the people around them. Justify.","10","150"],[9,"b) What do you understand by the empathy? Is it always in congruence with rationality and objectivity? Examine.","10","150"],[11,"Q.3) a) \"Honest disagreement\" is often a good sign\" - Mahatma Gandhi. What do you understand by this statement in the present day scenario?","10","150"],[13,"b) You don't teach morals, ethics, empathy and kindness in the schools. You teach that at home, children learn by example. Discuss the statement with suitable examples.","10","150"],[15,"Q.4) There is an increasing belief that the efficiency of the private sector makes a case for privatization of public undertakings. In this context\na) Distinguish between work culture of public and private undertakings","10","150"],[17,"b) Critically analyse whether it makes a case for privatization of public undertakings?","10","150"],[19,"Q.5) a) \"A man must become dependent in order to become independent.\" Discuss in the context of personal morality.","10","150"]]},{"i":338,"t":"Divyank Gupta","c":"Forumias","p":"Essay","y":2024,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/DIVYANK-GUPTA-UPSC-2024-Rank-21-MGP-Sample-Copy-4.pdf","q":[[3,"1. Not everything that can be counted counts, and not everything that counts can be counted.\n2. Learning without thought is labor lost; thought without learning is perilous.\n3. The worst form of inequality is to try to make unequal things equal.\n4. To attain knowledge, add things everyday; to attain wisdom, remove things everyday.","",""],[13,"How we should go ahead with this? How we can bring in better methodology?","",""]]},{"i":339,"t":"Divyank Gupta","c":"Nextias","p":"Essay","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/4/divyank-essay-test-1-1745478639996.pdf","q":[[7,"Q.1, Q.2, Q.3, Q.4 Q.1 If it costs you your peace, it is too expensive.\nQ.2 In the flood of data, the thirst still remains.\nQ.3 A star has to burn to give light to others but that's what stars are meant for.\nQ.4 The ultimate measure of a man is not where he stands in moments of comfort and convenience, but where he stands at times of challenge and controversy.","",""],[17,"6 Weakness is a Sin?","",""],[19,"Q.5 to Q.8 Q.5 Civilization begins with order, grows with liberty, and dies with chaos.\nQ.6 A single drop never feels responsible for the flood.\nQ.7 Never does nature say one thing and wisdom another.\nQ.8 Present demonstrates the lessons of history, albeit the hard way.","",""]]},{"i":340,"t":"Divyank Gupta","c":"Nextias","p":"Essay","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/4/divyank-essay-test-2-1745478676959.pdf","q":[[7,"Q.1 The function of education is to teach one to think intensively and to think critically.","",""],[9,"What does Jungle symbolises?","",""],[13,"Why is it then that people compete rather than cooperating?","",""],[19,"Q.5 Not everything that is faced can be changed, but nothing can be changed until it is faced.","",""],[31,"Why can't people cooperate?","",""]]},{"i":342,"t":"Divyank Gupta","c":"Nextias","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/4/gs-mac-test-1-divyank-gupta-1745408764371.pdf","q":[[4,"Q1. Examine the role of numismatic evidence in understanding the political and economic history of ancient India. Provide specific examples.","10",""],[6,"Q2. Assess the impact of women's organizations in mobilizing women across diverse socio-economic and regional backgrounds in pre-independence India.","10",""],[8,"Q1 How did the policy of non-alignment reflect the aspirations of India and other newly independent nations to maintain their sovereignty and resist colonial pressures?","10",""],[10,"Q4 Discuss the processes involved in volcanism. Highlight the major volcanic regions in the world and their associated tectonic settings.","10",""],[12,"Q5 Explain the geological features and ecological importance of the Eastern Ghats.","10 अंक) [10",""],[14,"Q6. Earlier known as coarse cereals the government rebranded millets in 2018 as nutri-cereals. In this context discuss the ecological and nutritional significance of millets","10",""],[16,"Q7 What are the potential consequences of Arctic ice melt on biodiversity and ecosystems? How might these changes impact global ecological balance","10",""],[18,"Q8 Do you think the Uniform Civil Code contradicts the idea of religious pluralism and cultural differences in Indian society?","10",""],[20,"Q9. Discuss the concept of healthy active ageing in the context of demographic shifts in India. How does it contribute to social inclusion?","10",""],[22,"10. How is the transition from 'conscious consumption' to 'compulsive consumption' impacting family structure and dynamics in urban areas?","10",""],[24,"Q1 Discuss with examples the key features of Vijayanagara architecture. How did Indo-Islamic elements manifest in their structure?","","15"],[27,"Q12 Compare and contrast the features of ancient Indian universities like Nalanda and Takshashila with modern state-funded universities in India. What lessons can modern universities learn from ancient ones to improve their effectiveness?","15",""],[30,"Q13 Analyze the ideological differences and similarities between the revolutionary movement (1920-1930s) and the Gandhian non-violent struggle. How did these two ideologies influence each other?","15",""],[33,"Q14 What are the various types of glacial landforms formed in the Indian Himalayas. How do these features impact local ecosystems and human activities?","15",""],[36,"Q15 Discuss the unique geographical features of the Indian Ocean and their impact on global oceanic circulation patterns. How do these features influence the climate of the Indian subcontinent?","15",""],[39,"Q16 Urban heat islands (UHIs) have become a significant phenomenon in Indian cities, exacerbating the frequency and intensity of heat waves. Analyze the underlying factors contributing to this phenomenon and critically assess the existing mitigation strategies.","15",""],[42,"Q17 Evaluate the primary factors contributing to regional disparities in the sugar industry between North India and Peninsular India. What measures can be undertaken to reduce the surplus sugar production?","15",""],[45,"Q15 Social mobility is essential for achieving true equality within society. In this context highlight the barriers to intergenerational mobility in Indian society, and examine the role of education on social mobility.","15",""],[48,"Q10 Analyze the influence of globalization on migration patterns in India. What are the economic and social implications of increased internal and international migration?","15",""],[51,"Q20 Discuss how gender-based violence in India is a manifestation of patriarchal values. To what extent has modernisation in law served as an instrument of women's empowerment in this regard?","15",""]]},{"i":343,"t":"Divyank Gupta","c":"Nextias","p":"GS3","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/4/gs-mac-test-4-divyank-gupta-1745408784251.pdf","q":[[4,"Q.1 \nA \"It is wrong to assume that ethical decisions are, can or should be purely rational and principled. Human feelings are an inseparable part of our ethical life.\" In what way do feelings impact our ethical decisions? Illustrate with examples. (150 words, 10 marks)\nB What do you understand by ethics management? Can public officials manage ethics in the workplace in a manner similar to managing budgets, policies and people? Do you think adopting codes of ethics and conduct is sufficient enough for managing ethics in the workplace or something more is needed? Discuss. (150 words, 10 marks)","",""],[8,"A. While traditional ethics has focussed on notions of justice, fair allocation and obligations, ethics of care emphasise maintaining connectedness and promoting care. Which of the above two ethical perspectives is more suitable for guiding ethical decision making in the context of public services. Explain your position with suitable examples.","10","150"],[13,"Q.3 \nA In the context of public service, what does public service attitude mean? Discuss the attitude biases that affects a public servants on field decision making? Explain how a public servant can overcome such attitude biases? (150 words, 10 marks)\nB \"I am a Moslem; I am a Hindu; I am a Christian; I am a Jew.\" Mahatma Gandhi. What did Mahatma Gandhi mean by the above statement? Some philosophers have argued that religion is harmful to the moral life, whereas others have claimed that it is necessary to it. Explain your position on the relationship between religion and morality. (150 words, 10 marks)","",""],[14,"Attitude Bias affect a public Servant decision Making","",""],[17,"Q.4 \nA \"There is only one responsibility of business, namely to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase profits.\" Do you think corporations, by indulging in social responsibilities, are compromising their core resource utilisation and production responsibility by diverting resources into unproductive social endeavours? (150 words, 10 marks)\nB Do you think values such as \"tyaga,\" (renunciation) \"seva,\" (service) \"daanam,\" (Charity) \"damah,\" (self-control) that are espoused in traditional Indian Wisdom have relevance for modern day public servants? Why? Why not? (150 words, 10 marks)","",""],[21,"Q.5 A. Explain the difference between conflict among interests and conflict among various sources of authority. Illustrate with relevant examples.","10","150"],[25,"Q.6 Given below are three quotations of philosophers. What do each of the quotations convey to you in the present context?\nA \"To feel for others, and little for ourselves; to restrain our selfish, and exercise our benevolent affections, constitutes the perfection of human nature.\" Adam Smith (150 words, 10 marks)\nB \"Virtue lies in our power, and so does vice; because where it is in our power to act, it is also in our power not to act.\" Aristotle (150 words, 10 marks)\nC \"I know that I am intelligent, because I know that I know nothing.\" Socrates (150 words, 10 marks)","10","150"],[31,"1. What are the ethical issues and dilemmas that confronts you in the above case?\n2. Discuss the available options along with its merits and demerits.\n3. What will be your chosen course of action? Why","20","250"],[36,"Case Study 2 You are the District Collector of a rural district where traditional social customs and religious practices strongly influence daily life. Recently, a case has emerged involving a local temple and its long-standing tradition of excluding women from certain religious rituals and spaces.\n\nA group of educated young women from the village, inspired by the increasing national dialogue on gender equality, has petitioned for the right to participate in these religious rituals. They argued that excluding women is discriminatory and violates their constitutional rights. However, the temple authorities and a significant portion of the local community vehemently oppose this change, citing religious texts and long-standing customs.\n\nAs the District Collector, you face a complex ethical dilemma. Legally, you are obliged to uphold the Indian Constitution, which guarantees equality and prohibits gender-based discrimination. However, enforcing this law could lead to significant unrest in the community, where traditional customs and religious beliefs are deeply entrenched. And you are aware that the district has a history of unrest on religious matters, and local politicians did not mind stoking the unrest for political gains.\n\nThe moral argument for gender equality clashes with the community's religious sentiments. The temple authorities believe that altering the rituals would desecrate their sacred traditions. Meanwhile, the women demanding entry see this as a moral and legal fight for their rights. You as a district collector was in a precarious dilemma, one on hand being a progressive officer you knew what is the right thing to do but on the other as an administrative professional you didn't want an unrest with religious tone at your hands.\n1. Who are the administrative and ethical stakeholders involved in the above situation?\n2. What options do you have in the above situation?\n3. Discuss the merits and demerits of each option and justify the action you choose with reasons.","20","250"],[37,"1, 2, 3 1. What are the administrative and ethical issues involved in the above situation?\n2. What are the options available to you in the above situation?\n3. Discuss the merits and demerits of each option and explain your chosen course of action along with reasons.","20","250"],[41,"1. What are the issues involved in the above case?\n2. Is it ethically justified to be devoted to duty at the cost of the personal safety of the staff? Discuss.\n3. How will you go about doing your election duties without compromising the safety of your staff? Explain.\n1 What are the issues involved in the above case?\n2 Is it ethically justified to be devoted to duty at the cost of the personal safety of the staff? Discuss.\n3 How will you go about doing your election duties without compromising the safety of your staff? Explain.","20","250"],[46,"Case Study 4 A smart city project is underway, and you have been appointed Head of Procurement. Before this assignment, you held a similar role in a major public sector undertaking (PSU), where you earned a reputation for your tender drafting and vendor management skills. Given the smart city project’s scale and significant procurement requirements, you seemed the perfect fit to lead the procurement section.\n\nA month ago, your section invited tenders for building supplies. Among the applicants was Mr. Sharma, a supplier you knew from your previous role at the PSU. Mr. Sharma lived in your neighbourhood, and your spouses were friends. Despite this personal connection, you have always maintained strict professional boundaries.\n\nUpon scrutinising all the tenders, your section found Mr. Sharma’s terms the most competitive, so the tender was awarded to him. However, once the decision was made public, another vendor, Mr Patel, accused you of colluding with Mr Sharma due to your previous relationship.\n\nMr. Patel filed a formal complaint with the Department Seniors, providing evidence of your prior association with Mr Sharma. As a result, an enquiry was initiated, and you were placed on compulsory leave pending its outcome. This situation left you questioning where you might have gone wrong despite your efforts to maintain professionalism.\n1. Do you think the above case involves a conflict of interest or there are more issues? Explain\n2. Keeping the above case in perspective, discuss the relevance of impartiality and non-partisanship as professional value.\n3. In hindsight, how do you think you could have avoided the above unpleasant situation.","20","250"],[48,"2 Relevance of Impartiality and Non-partisanship as professional Values\nA) For the Individual\na) Ensures Moral uprightness in conduct\nb) Reduces complexity in dealing with conflict of interest\nc) brings peace of mind\nd) provides opportunity to lead by Example eg Julio Ribeiro\nB) For the Organisation\na) Promotes probity in administration\nb) Better service delivery\nc) Better decision Making\nd) Address the nepotism and uphold the constitution","",""],[50,"d) Devolution of power to a committee rather than discretion","",""],[51,"1, 2, 3 Discuss the administrative and ethical issues involved in the above case.\nDo you think it was morally right on your part to write to the minister? Justify\nHow will you respond to the action initiated against you? Discuss the available options and justify your selected course of action.\n1 Discuss the administrative and ethical issues involved in the above case.\n2 Do you think it was morally right on your part to write to the minister? Justify\n3 How will you respond to the action initiated against you? Discuss the available options and justify your selected course of action.","20","250"],[56,"Case Study 6 You are an IAS officer recently appointed as the Deputy Secretary in the Ministry of Rural Development. Your responsibilities include overseeing the implementation of various rural development schemes and ensuring their efficient execution.\n\nDuring an audit of the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) funds, you discover substantial irregularities. It appears that a significant portion of the funds allocated for rural employment projects has been siphoned off by senior officials within the ministry through fraudulent invoices and fake beneficiary lists. The funds meant for the rural poor have been diverted to personal accounts.\n\nYou are faced with an ethical dilemma. Reporting this corruption could lead to severe repercussions for you as the implicated senior officials are politically influential and have strong connections. You have also received subtle threats implying that your career progression could be jeopardised if you proceed with the disclosure. On the other hand, ignoring the corruption would mean perpetuating a cycle of exploitation and depriving the rural poor of their rightful benefits.\n1 What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\n2 What are the options available to you?\n3 Identify and explain your chosen course of action after evaluating the merits and demerits of each option.","20","250"],[57,"1) Ethical issues involved\na) corruption by senior officials of the Ministry\nb) lack of auditing in the internal setup\nc) threats from officers highlight\nd) injustice to people in form of erosion of wealth and misutilisation of public funds\nc) there is issue of inequality due to this","",""]]},{"i":341,"t":"Divyank Gupta","c":"Nextias","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/4/ethics-enhancer-test-1-divyank-gupta-1745408736043.pdf","q":[[4,"1. (a) Explain the relationship between Public Service Values and Public Administration Ethics. Do you think public service values are only eloquent statements for glorifying the Department's mission, or do they have any utility for public servants? Discuss.","10","Answer in 150"],[5,"1) Develop devotion to duty\n2) Ensure Justice to all\n3) Ensure Fairness in the process\n4) Develop Integrity in the person\n5) Ensure reward and recognition\n6) Help in dealing with dilemma due to objectivity and openness","",""],[6,"1. How does the conscientious public servant sort through competing considerations and determine \"the right thing to do\"? When it comes to serving the public, how does one put one's values into practice? Illustrate with examples.","10","Answer in 150"],[7,"One puts his values into practice by\n1) By showing courage against adversity Eg IAS Durga Nagpal arrested Sand Mafia when faced with death threat\n2) By following conscience Eg Sharmpedra Gandhi ended Caste Based cremation against people resistance\n3) By following Kant's deontology\n4) Following Gita's philosophy of Nishkama Karma of doing things without expectation\n5) By leading with examples Eg Ashok Khenka stood against political pressure. Thus as Ryan Holiday says that courage is for individual heroic action, if others calls for should stand up against it","",""],[8,"2. (a) What do you understand by good governance in public administration and corporations? How do they differ? Identify and explain three principles that can act as a foundation for good governance in a corporate setting.","10","Answer in 150"],[10,"2 (b) One hallmark of good governance is government departments' adherence to strict ethical standards when procuring goods and services for public programmes. Identify and explain the ethical principles that must be respected to maintain the integrity of the procurement process.","10","150"],[12,"3. (a) How should public servants ethically balance stakeholder interests, official obligations, and regime values when making administrative decisions, and which of these should be given the most moral weight?","10","150"],[14,"(b) Recent researchers have argued that the government's health and social-based interventions are significantly less effective without the emotional skills of self-awareness and empathy. Do you agree? Justify your answer with relevant examples.","10","150"],[16,"4 (a) Discuss with relevant examples how civil servants' political and moral attitudes impact their work ethics and daily administrative decision-making.","10","150"],[18,"4 (a) \"The motive has nothing to do with the morality of the action.\" In light of the above statement, do you think motive is irrelevant in determining the morality of an action? Explain your position with relevant examples.","10","150"],[20,"5 (a) Explain the contemporary relevance of Jain Tirthankaras' vow-based moral philosophy.","10","Answer in 150"],[22,"5. (b) What ethical dilemmas arise from the use of economic sanctions in international relations, and how can policymakers balance these concerns with the need to punish illegal behaviours and compel political change?","10","150"],[24,"6. (a) Discuss the relevance of the following quotes to the present times.\n(a) \"Wars begin in the minds of men, and in those minds, love and compassion would have built the defences of peace.\"","10","Answer in 150"],[26,"6. (b) \"May you live your life as if the maxim of your actions were to become universal law.\"","10","150"],[28,"6 (c) The golden rule of conduct is mutual toleration, seeing that we will never all think alike and we shall always see Truth in fragment and form different angles of vision.","10","150"],[30,"7. As a new CEO:\n(a) What decision options are available to you?\n(b) What are the issues involved in the above case?\n(c) What will be your chosen course of action and Why?","20","Answer in 250"],[35,"8 (a) उपरोक्त मामले में नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं?\n(b) एक डीडीओ के रूप में, आपके पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\n(c) अपनी चुनी हुए कार्य-प्रणाली के साथ-साथ अपने कारणों की व्याख्या कीजिए।\n(d) उपरोक्त मामले को देखते हुए, मानवीय संकट की स्थितियों से निपटने के लिए सबसे अच्छा नैतिक सिद्धांत क्या होगा? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए) 20 अंक\na) उपरोक्त मामले में नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं?\nb) एक डीडीओ के रूप में, आपके पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\nc) अपनी चुनी हुए कार्य-प्रणाली के साथ-साथ अपने कारणों की व्याख्या कीजिए।\nd) उपरोक्त मामले को देखते हुए, मानवीय संकट की स्थितियों से निपटने के लिए सबसे अच्छा नैतिक सिद्धांत क्या होगा? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए) 20 अंक","20 अंक","250 शब्दों में"],[36,"(i) What are the ethical issues in the above case?\n(ii) As a DDO, what are the options available to you?\n(iii) Explain your chosen course of action, along with your reasons.\n(iv) Given the above case, what would be the best ethical theory for handling human distress situations?","20","Answer in 250"],[40,"(a) उपरोक्त मामले में नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं?\n(b) एक एसपी के रूप में आपके पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\n(c) अपनी चुनी हुई कार्रवाई के तरीके की व्याख्या कीजिए।\n(d) यदि आपको बीमा योजना को बढ़ावा देने का कोई बेहतर तरीका सुझाना हो, तो वह क्या होगा?\na) उपरोक्त मामले में नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं?\nb) एक एसपी के रूप में आपके पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\nc) अपनी चुनी हुई कार्रवाई के तरीके की व्याख्या कीजिए।\nd) यदि आपको बीमा योजना को बढ़ावा देने का कोई बेहतर तरीका सुझाना हो, तो वह क्या होगा?","20 अंक","250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए"],[41,"You were wondering about the course of action, as the deductions were legal, and the agents were technically following instructions. But, in the process, they were exploiting the poor villagers.\n(a) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\n(b) What are the options available to you as an SP?\n(c) Explain your chosen course of an action.\n(d) If you have to recommend a better way of promoting the bima yojna, what would that be?","20","Answer in 250"],[45,"10 (a) उपरोक्त स्थिति में आपके पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\n(b) आप किस तरह की कार्रवाई चुनेंगे?\n(c) मामले में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों की पहचान कीजिए।\n(d) लोगों की जरूरतों का फायदा उठाने वाले कार्टेल से निपटने के लिए कुछ उपाय सुझाएँ।\na) उपरोक्त स्थिति में आपके पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\nb) आप किस तरह की कार्रवाई चुनेंगे?\nc) मामले में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों की पहचान कीजिए।\nd) लोगों की जरूरतों का फायदा उठाने वाले कार्टेल से निपटने के लिए कुछ उपाय सुझाएँ।","20 अंक","250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए"],[46,"(a) What are the options available to you in the above situation?\n(b) What will be your chosen course of action?\n(c) Identify the ethical issues involved in the case.\n(d) Suggest some measures for handling councils who prey on people's needs.","20","Answer in 250"],[50,"11 (a) If you are ethics officer, who will you hold responsible for this fatal accident? Why?\n(a) If you are ethics officer, who will you hold responsible for this fatal accident? Why?\n(b) Discuss some common ethical issues that arise while using artificial intelligence.","20","250"],[55,"18 (a) उपरोक्त मामले में क्या मुद्दे शामिल हैं?\n(b) आपके पास सीमित बजट होने के बावजूद, आपने जादू-टोना से संबंधित अंधविश्वासों से निपटने के लिए धन आवंटित करने का फैसला किया। आप समुदाय और हितधारकों के समक्ष अपने निर्णय को कैसे उचित करेंगे?\n(c) यह देखते हुए कि जादू-टोना से संबंधित अपराधों को सुरक्षाबलों द्वारा रिपोर्ट नहीं की गई हैं, इस सूचना की कमी को कैसे दूर करेंगे और कैसे आगे बेहतर रिपोर्टिंग और प्रतिक्रिया सुनिश्चित करेंगे?\n(250 शब्दों में उत्तर दें) 20 अंक\na) उपरोक्त मामले में क्या मुद्दे शामिल हैं?\nb) आपके पास सीमित बजट होने के बावजूद, आपने जादू-टोना से संबंधित अंधविश्वासों से निपटने के लिए धन आवंटित करने का फैसला किया। आप समुदाय और हितधारकों के समक्ष अपने निर्णय को कैसे उचित करेंगे?\nc) यह देखते हुए कि जादू-टोना से संबंधित अपराधों को सुरक्षाबलों द्वारा रिपोर्ट नहीं की गई हैं, इस सूचना की कमी को कैसे दूर करेंगे और कैसे आगे बेहतर रिपोर्टिंग और प्रतिक्रिया सुनिश्चित करेंगे?","20 अंक","250 शब्दों में"],[56,"(a) What are the issues involved in the above case?\n(b) With a limited budget at your disposal, you decide to allocate funds to tackle witchcraft-related superstitions. How would you justify your decision to the community and stakeholders?\n(c) Given that witchcraft-related crimes were not initially reported by the BDOs, how would you address this lack of communication and ensure better reporting and transparency moving forward? (Answer in 250 words) 20 marks\na What are the issues involved in the above case?\nb With a limited budget at your disposal, you decide to allocate funds to tackle witchcraft-related superstitions. How would you justify your decision to the community and stakeholders?\nc Given that witchcraft-related crimes were not initially reported by the BDOs, how would you address this lack of communication and ensure better reporting and transparency moving forward?","20","250"]]},{"i":959,"t":"Divyanshu Nigam","c":"Vision","p":"Essay","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/18yTxjOXulTOt8xshhoR-okuLT5R22h9_/view","q":[[3,"1. ARE RELIGION AND SCIENCE ALWAYS AT ODDS?","",""],[9,"Are they always at odds?","",""],[13,"So, Religion OR Science OR Both?","",""],[15,"8. TACKLING CLIMATE CHANGE: ARE WE ON THE RIGHT PATH?","",""],[32,"Why Religion began?\n Always at odd?\n Within even ends?","",""]]},{"i":960,"t":"Divyanshu Nigam","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1zInSnjn0mfhgqRfOta_4NBp2_05KlHrs/view","q":[[3,"1. (a) Administration discretion can be a blessing if used correctly, however its misuse can prove to be a curse. Discuss with examples.","10","150"],[5,"1. (b) There is a view that corrupt practices have been socially accepted in India. How can this 'acceptance' be shifted to 'rejection' towards corruption?","10","150"],[7,"2. (a) Ethical business practices are key for long-term survival of a company. Comment.","10","150"],[9,"2. (b) Law succeeds in encouraging ethical behaviour in a society only when it is backed by conscience of its individuals. Discuss.","10","150"],[11,"3. Given below are quotations of moral thinkers/philosophers. Bring out what they mean to you in the present context:\n(a) Our lives begin to end the day we become silent about things that matter. Martin Luther King Jr.","10","150"],[13,"3. (b) In law a man is guilty when he violates the rights of others. In ethics he is guilty if he only thinks of doing so. Immanuel Kant","10","150"],[15,"4. (a) What do you understand by Social Intelligence? Discuss its relation with the Emotional Intelligence of an individual.","10","150"],[17,"4. (b) While code of conduct presents a structure to organized values, code of ethics gives a foundation to that structure. Examine.","10","150"],[19,"5. (a) According to Buddhism, for a man to be perfect there are two qualities that he should develop equally: compassion (karuna) on one side, and wisdom (panna) on the other. Analyse.","10","150"],[21,"5. (b) The life of Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam presents a broad range of lessons and virtues to be learnt by public servants in India. Discuss.","10","150"],[23,"6. Identify which essential information should be made available to the public via Citizen's Charter? Also, suggest some steps for successful implementation of the Citizen's Charter.","10","150"],[25,"7. Respect for human rights and humanitarian principles is a responsibility for all members of the international community. Discuss in the context of roles and responsibilities of States for protection of refugees.","10","150"],[27,"8. What is red-tapism? Why is it considered a hurdle in the process of transitioning towards citizen centric governance?","10","150"],[29,"9. Given the rising tide of Covid induced fatalities, the government is under extreme pressure to deliver some vaccine to the population. You are the Cabinet Secretary to the Government of India. You are heading the committee to oversee the process of vaccine development and distribution to fight against the Covid outbreak in the country. You have been asked to expedite the process and come up with a solution at the earliest.\n\nSome vaccines are available around the globe, but they are in limited supply and also expensive. One of the indigenously developed vaccine has shown initial positive results, but health experts have raised concerns over its safety, efficacy and the methodology being followed for its approval. Other promising vaccines under development, following a rigorous methodology, may take months to enter the market. In this context:\n(a) What are the critical issues involved in the case?\n(b) Explain, with relevant reasons, the course of action that you would take.","20","around 250"],[34,"10. Literacy levels have been increasing in India over the past few decades, and the literacy rate was found to be 74.04 per cent after the 2011 census. Though this increase in literacy rate seems like a very great accomplishment, it is a matter of concern that still so many people in India cannot even read and write. Children are going to school but not learning much beyond \"floor level tasks\".\n\nMoreover, the higher literacy level has not resulted in better human values and this is manifested in the troubled atmosphere in the society at large. This failure of the education system to reform human behavior is troubling for a young democracy, like India. Given this situation, answer the following:\n(a) What role is education expected to play in reforming human behaviour and inculcating human values?\n(b) Do you think only the government is responsible for this state of the education system? If not, identify the stakeholders who should press for a change in the education system in this regard.","20",""],[39,"11. Problems surrounding air pollution present an urgent challenge for many countries, including India. Among other reasons, this challenge has been exacerbated by the indifferent attitude of people towards it. Various studies have pointed out the harmful effects of air pollution. Despite the government bringing various regulations on activities like stubble burning and bursting fire crackers, people violate them.\n(a) Discuss the reasons behind such behaviour on part of society towards air pollution.\n(b) Suggest measures that are required to be undertaken to nudge people towards pro-environment behaviour.","20",""],[44,"12. In recent times, social media has emerged as an important platform for all to share their information and opinions. Many civil servants are also quite active on the social media. Given this situation, there have been calls to revise or update the Civil Services Conduct Rules.\n\nSuppose you are a senior IAS officer who is heading a panel set up by the government to bring suitable changes in the conduct rules. Elaborate on how you will respond to the following questions:\n(a) What are the issues with a civil servant expressing his/her views on social media on various matters?\n(b) Should criticism of government policies on social media by civil servants be allowed?\n(c) How should civil servants conduct themselves on social media?","20",""],[46,"cb) Should criticism be allowed ?","",""],[47,"(c) How should civil servants conduct?","",""],[49,"13. Economic growth has been the primary goal of economic policies, and the principal measure of an economy's success. In the last few decades, economic growth benefitted mankind in multiple ways. But alongside these benefits, it has also generated significant issues and a series of converging challenges. In light of this, answer the following:\n(a) What was the rationale behind GDP growth being considered the pillar of economic policies the world over in the past few decades?\n(b) Explain the need to go beyond GDP growth and reassess our measures of development. Identify some of the components that need to be complemented with GDP growth going forward.","20",""],[54,"14 The Covid-19 pandemic is far from over but governments across the world appear to have either relaxed lockdown parameters or will do so soon. Containing Covid and restoring our economies requires not just good policy decisions and medical advice; it also needs continued compliance with the recommended behavioural changes. Daunting as they may seem, the drastic changes in behaviour being called for, can indeed be brought about. Answer the following in this regard:\n(a) Why is behavioural change seen to be desirable in a country like India, when it is faced with a pandemic of the kind of Covid-19?\n(b) What role have different stakeholders in India been playing in helping communities adhere to the desired behaviour?\n(c) Discuss the challenges in bringing about behavioural change, particularly in such an environment of anxiety and uncertainties.","20",""],[55,"a) Why desirable in India?","",""]]},{"i":961,"t":"Divyanshu Nigam","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1V1GP7zbWwVYIvkofq-0WTcNgRXAYzh0u/view","q":[[3,"1. (a) Man is not only a product of his environment but can also modify the environment. Do you agree with this view? Justify your answer with suitable examples.","10","150"],[5,"1. (b) Though it may seem that accountability and efficiency are antithetical to each other, accountability is a sine qua non for good governance. Discuss.","10","150"],[7,"2. (a) Gandhian ideals can be of immense help in dealing with the Covid-19 pandemic. Evaluate.","10","150"],[9,"2. (b) While civil servants have the legal right to undertake post-retirement jobs, it raises key ethical issues. Comment.","10","150"],[11,"3. Given below are quotations of moral thinkers/philosophers. Bring out what they mean to you in the present context:\n(a) Try not to become a man of success but rather try to become a man of value. Albert Einstein (150 words) 10","10","150"],[13,"3. (b) Having knowledge of an unethical act and allowing it to continue can spread a contagion that can affect multiple beings in society. Bertrand Russell","10","150"],[15,"4. (a) When people use a common resource without a coordinated plan the result is often a tragedy of the commons in which the resource is depleted. In this context, discuss the various ethical challenges arising out of utilization of Global Commons.","10","150"],[17,"4. (b) While a code of conduct merely establishes minimal standards of conduct, a better strategy to promote ethical work culture is through internalization of values. Discuss.","10","150"],[19,"5. (a) A state that does not have the political will and the discipline to enforce probity in governance, can not get rid of the menace of prolonged corruption. Discuss.","10","150"],[21,"5. (b) India cannot march successfully in to the 21st century with the administrative system having a colonial mindset. Discuss in context of the bureaucratic work culture in India.","10","150"],[23,"6. Which corporate leader has inspired you the most and what moral lessons have you learnt from their life?","10","150"],[25,"7. Increasing participation of people in governance and easy access to information is what transforms governance to good governance. Elaborate.","10","150"],[27,"8. It is sometimes believed that moral scrupulousness in one's private life automatically guarantees high moral stature in professional life. Do you agree? Justify your stand with logical arguments.","10","150"],[29,"9. You are working as a District Magistrate in an aspirational district where women literacy and sex ratio is one of the lowest in the country. It is brought to your notice that a woman who has been elected as 'Sarpanch' on a seat reserved for women candidates in a panchayat in your district is head 'only on the paper'. All the work related to the panchayat is actually carried out by her husband. Even the flag hoisting ceremony on Independence Day is carried out by her husband. However, her husband happens to be a good administrator as indicated by that panchayat's performance on various developmental parameters as compared to other panchayats in the district. Also, her husband enjoys the support of the local people. Given the situation, answer the following:\n(a) Identify the stakeholders and issues involved in this case?\n(b) What options are available to you as the District Magistrate in such a scenario? Also, evaluate each option and indicate what option will you choose.","20","in around 250"],[34,"10. The issues confronting humanity are multifaceted - from political conflicts and human rights abuses to pandemics and climate change. They are not contained within national borders, nor do they fit into the silos of separate government agencies or academic specialties. What is required is greater international cooperation, mutual respect, abiding by international laws and participative global decision-making. However, over the last decade, it has been observed that international relations have overshadowed these basic tenets of global governance and now we are at the verge of serious global catastrophic risks. When it comes to the structures of global governance, business as usual, is no longer an option. Not only an improvement in our understanding of risks is required but also taking responsibility to lead collective action for a coordinated global response.\n(a) What do you think are the factors hindering collective actions?\n(b) Provide a case for the moral obligation of the international community to come together and find solutions to the problems we face.\n(c) What should be the principles guiding such international cooperation?","20",""],[39,"11. You are posted as Superintendent of Police in a district. A case has come up in which more than 30 girls were allegedly raped and sexually exploited at the city shelter home run by an NGO. The scandal came to light when media flagged complaints of sexual abuse of inmates of the city shelter home. A nexus of police, politicians, administration and criminals have been allegedly responsible for the racket going on for the last few years. In light of this, a lot of protests have erupted across the city. While, on one hand, media glare has meant that people are demanding swift action, you have been asked to go slow in investigating the case by top officers in your department. Elections in the state are due in a few months, so it has become a politically sensitive issue. You are also under immense political pressure from the ruling party to not take strict action and make compromises to cover up the case. Given the situation, answer the following:\n(a) Identify the issues involved in the case.\n(b) What are the options available to you? Which of these options will you choose? Justify your stand with logical arguments.","20",""],[41,"9. Issue of fake NGO's being run in the garb of social service\nb) As the SP - options available -:\n1. Accept the request/direction to go slow and lenient in investigation and arrest.\n2. Strictly deny any such request and carry on the investigation with full throttle.","",""],[42,"3. Disclose the request of slow investigation into the media and become a whistle-blower.","",""],[44,"12. Being the senior most IAS officer, you are in line to be promoted as Chief Secretary after the incumbent retires in the next two months. Currently, you are heading the Public Works Department (PWD) and a road construction project worth crores has been opened for tender. A company X belonging to the son-in-law of the incumbent Chief Minister has also applied for the same. The director in charge of the screening process, a young IAS officer, has reported that company Y and the state PSU have submitted the best bids. Both you and the director are facing political pressure to favour the company X. The young IAS officer may be demoralised if you give in to the pressure. But if you don't give in then he may be transferred and your chances of promotion may also suffer. In light of the situation, answer the following:\n(a) Discuss the ethical issues faced by you in the given case.\n(b) What are the options available to you? Which of these options will you choose? Justify your stand with logical arguments.","20",""],[49,"13. As the head of the Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV), you are tasked to complete the construction of a power plant. The project needs to be completed expeditiously to fulfil the promise made by the government to ensure access to power for all. The selected site is in a remote area and is ideal for plant construction. However, the project would require relocation of the people living in the vicinity. Initially, the local community objected to disruption in their lives but were convinced later about the economic benefits that would accrue to the region through this plant. The project had started gathering pace, but recently a local NGO working for environment protection got involved with the local community regarding the issue. And now the local community has started protesting against any developmental activity in the region.\nAs the officer-in-charge for the speedy execution of the project, answer the following:\n(a) What are the issues involved in this case?\n(b) What course of action will you take and why?","20",""],[54,"14 Genetic editing has several applications with its potential to edit the genomes of both somatic and germ cells. This allows for the ability to not only cure genetic diseases but to edit the characteristics of future offspring. The last few years have seen the development of several efficient, more precise genetic engineering techniques. However, with growing sophistication, various issues of bioethics have also have come to the forefront.\n(a) Discuss the ethical considerations associated with genome editing.\n(b) In the light of these ethical issues, provide an ethical framework on how this technology can be used for the betterment of humanity.","20",""]]},{"i":344,"t":"Dsk Prachet","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2025,"r":193,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/D-S-K-PRACHET-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-193-Sample-MGP-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) \"India's democratic roots are deeply embedded in its ancient civilizational ethos.\" Discuss in the context of India being referred to as the 'Mother of Democracy'.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Elucidate the significance of tiger and elephant figures in Indian mythology, art and architecture.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) The arrival of Lord William Bentinck marked a period of transformation in the British Indian State. Discuss.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) Explain how the American War of Independence deprived Great Britain of one empire, but it strengthened the foundations of another.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5 What are Rare Earth Elements (REEs)? Discuss the multi-dimensional implications of uneven distribution of REEs in the world.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) Highlight the salient differences between the Himalayan and the Peninsular drainage Systems.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) Describe the nature and mode of origin of the main types of rock at the earth's crust.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) The alienation of lifestyles from nature has contributed to the ongoing environmental crisis in India. Examine.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9 What do you understand by the term 'urbanisation of poverty'? Also, explain how urban poverty differs from rural poverty in India?","10","150"],[21,"Q.10) Globalization has redefined the idea of community and kinship in Indian society. Do you agree? Justify your answer.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11) The flourishing of various art forms during the Kushana period reflects the rich and diverse cultural landscape of the time. What insights does this provide into the socio-cultural aspects of that era?","15","250"],[26,"Q.12 Trace the events that led to the Civil Disobedience Movement. What were its outcomes?","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 Mahatma Jyotirao Phule's reformist ideas played a significant role in shaping the social foundations of the Indian freedom movement. Elaborate.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14) The interlinking of rivers offers several benefits, but also raises significant socio-economic and environmental concerns. Analyze.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 Explain the concept of rain shadow effect. How does it influence the distribution of precipitation and vegetation across mountain ranges?","15","250"],[38,"Q.16) Bring out the major features of the Indian monsoon and elaborate upon its causative factors.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17) What are the geographical factors responsible for the growth of mangrove vegetation in India? Also highlight its role in coastal ecology.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 To what extent can the rise of 'Kidfluencers' be seen as a reflection of changing family structures and parental aspirations in Indian society?","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 Women often form the backbone of grassroots movements in India, yet they remain largely invisible and excluded from the decision-making process. Examine.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 Do you agree with the view that social media is a 'double edged sword'? Discuss in the context of its impact on Indian society.","15","250"]]},{"i":345,"t":"Dsk Prachet","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2025,"r":193,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/D-S-K-PRACHET-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-193-Sample-MGP-Copy-2.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) To what extent, in your opinion, have the ideals of the Preamble been realised in the country's 75-year constitutional journey?","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) The evolution of property rights in India reflects an intricate relationship that exists between individual rights and public welfare. Discuss this statement with the help of relevant constitutional provisions and case laws.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3 Under what conditions can the 'National' Emergency be proclaimed by the President of India? What are the consequences when such a proclamation remains in force? When was it last imposed in the country?","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) 'Lack of a binding framework for pre-legislative consultations in India limits citizen engagement in the lawmaking.' Propose measures to strengthen the role of public consultation in the legislative process.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) 'The recommendations of the 15th Finance Commission have enabled the States to improve their fiscal position'. Comment.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) In what ways do industry and business associations contribute to socio-economic development in the country? Explain with suitable examples.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7 \"India's poverty lies in the eyes of the beholder.\" In light of this statement, examine the need for a credible and periodically updated poverty estimation framework in the country.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) The Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act, 2012 falls short of achieving its intended objectives. Comment.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9) 'Starved of funds, shackled by geopolitics, WHO is facing a crisis of capacity and credibility.' Discuss the statement in the light of USA's withdrawal and its accusation of the health body of being 'biased towards China and mishandling the COVID-19 pandemic'.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10 The world continues to operate in a 'my terrorist' versus 'your terrorist' paradigm. Explain. What strategies would you suggest to develop a unified, comprehensive, and rules-based global approach to tackle the menace of terrorism?","10","150"],[23,"Q.11) Briefly explain the procedure laid down in the Representation of the People Act (RPA), 1951 for the registration of political parties with the Election Commission of India (ECI). What are Registered Unrecognised Political Parties (RUPPs)? What concerns are associated with them? Does the ECI have powers to de-register a political party?","15","15"],[26,"Q.12) Assess the role of NITI Aayog over the past decade in promoting cooperative and competitive federalism.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 'The post of Deputy Speaker goes beyond ceremonial significance and is indispensable to Indian parliamentary democracy.' Discuss with relevant constitutional provisions and conventions. Also, examine the implications of the prolonged vacancy of the Deputy Speaker's post.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 Is the growing demand for stricter regulation of online content justified, or does it pose a threat to the right to freedom of speech and expression? Examine in light of recent judicial pronouncements.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 Critically examine the 'in-house procedure' adopted by the Apex Court to inquire into allegations of misconduct against judges of constitutional courts in India.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16 Recent controversies over alleged malpractices in the electoral rolls have renewed demands for the mandatory linkage of Aadhaar with Voter ID. What is your opinion? Give reasons in support of your answer.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 Lateral entry into civil services is seen as a reformative step, yet it continues to attract criticism and controversy. Discuss.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 While rankings aim to benchmark the performance of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs), concerns remain about whether current ranking frameworks reflect the broader goals of education. Suggest measures to make the ranking system more objective, inclusive, and aligned with educational and societal outcomes.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 Examine the factors behind the growing salience of the Arctic region in international politics. Discuss, in this context, strategies for India to recalibrate its Arctic engagement.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 Bangladesh is a key pillar of India's Neighborhood First policy, but recent developments on both sides threaten to disrupt the 'Sonali Adhyay' in bilateral relations. Analyze.","15","250"]]},{"i":346,"t":"Dsk Prachet","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2025,"r":193,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/D-S-K-PRACHET-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-193-Sample-MGP-Copy-3.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) \"Extraordinary powers must be exercised with extraordinary care.\" Discuss in the context of Article 142 of the Indian Constitution.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Why are State Legislatures included in the election of the President but excluded from the process of impeachment?","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) Private Member's Bills (PMBs) seldom become law in India, yet they are an important aspect of parliamentary democracy. Bring out their significance and suggest steps to strengthen the PMB process.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) Highlight the key points of convergence and divergence between the judicial systems of India and USA.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5 The role of Election Commission of India has evolved beyond conducting elections to becoming a guardian of electoral democracy. Critically evaluate.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) What is the rationale behind the 'three-language formula' in India's education policy? Also highlight the challenges associated with its adoption and implementation across the country.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) 'Emerging environmental concerns and evolving ecosystem perspectives demand a reimagined approach to rural water governance.' Discuss the key interventions needed to recalibrate rural water policies with special emphasis on the role of communities.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) Identify and discuss the challenges hindering effective implementation of gender-sensitive policies and schemes in the country.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9 Effective transboundary water management is crucial for regional peace and cooperation. In light of this statement, bring out the opportunities and challenges for India in leveraging 'water diplomacy' in its neighbourhood.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10 What are the key areas of reform if the World Trade Organization (WTO) has to remain relevant in the present context of rising protectionism and trade wars?","10","150"],[23,"The basic structure doctrine acts as a constitutional compass in balancing Parliament's legislative authority and constitutional supremacy. Comment.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12) Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) are pivotal to inclusive and efficient urban governance, yet they remain fiscally constrained and institutionally weak. Analyze.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 \"The judiciary has functioned as an institutional corrective, redefining and refining the contours of the Governor's office to prevent its misuse and uphold constitutional principles.\" Discuss this statement with the help of relevant case laws.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14) How is the 'vertical' and 'horizontal' devolution of taxes to the states decided? Highlighting the concerns raised by some states regarding the devolution of taxes, suggest corrective measures.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 What steps are required for the constitutionalization of a Commission? Do you think granting constitutional status to the Central Information Commission (CIC) would strengthen the RTI regime in India? Give reasons.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16 Even as India experiences consistent economic growth and has achieved self-sufficiency in food production, hunger and food insecurity remain pressing concerns. Examine the factors responsible for this paradox and suggest steps to improve the situation.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17) The Union Government has recently announced that caste enumeration will be part of the upcoming census. Examine the opportunities and challenges associated with conducting a nationwide 'caste census'. Also, propose a framework for its seamless and effective conduct.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18) \"AI integration in governance is no longer a choice but a necessity.\" In light of this statement, discuss how AI can enhance education and healthcare governance.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 Providing a brief overview of the aims and objectives of BIMSTEC, explain its significance for India.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 India's approach to its relationship with China has evolved into what can be best described as 'competitive coexistence'. Discuss in light of recent developments. What should be the broad contours of India's future China policy?","15","250"]]},{"i":347,"t":"Dsk Prachet","c":"Forumias","p":"GS3","y":2025,"r":193,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/D-S-K-PRACHET-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-193-Sample-MGP-Copy-4.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) The Union Budget 2025-26 outlines a shift towards the 'debt-to-GDP ratio' as the fiscal anchor starting from FY 2026-27. Discuss the rationale behind this shift.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Why does India need to transition from a 'build to print' to a 'build to design' model in manufacturing? What steps has been taken by the government in this regard?","10","150"],[6,"Q.3) Explain the concept of a nutrition-sensitive food system and suggest strategies to achieve it in the country.","10","150"],[8,"Q.4) Give a brief overview of Digital Agriculture Mission. How can it benefit the agriculture sector?","10","150"],[10,"Q.5 Rare earths are not just elements; they are foundational inputs that act like 'seeds of technology'. Elaborate.","10","150"],[12,"Q.6) Why retrofitting Electrostatic Precipitators (ESPs) in Indian thermal power plants is a more viable and effective option compared to the installation of flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems?","10","150"],[14,"Q.7) The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) regime in India remains weak and is often reduced to a procedural formality. In light of this statement, examine the key challenges in EIA implementation and suggest reforms.","10","150"],[16,"Q.8) Plastic pollution is emerging as a serious environmental threat in India. Discuss the various mitigation measures to address this problem and also the Government's initiatives in this regard.","10","150"],[18,"Q.9 Amid evolving threats, there is a need to blend private sector capabilities with India's current internal security architecture. In this context, elaborate on the ways in which the private sector can contribute to strengthening internal security.","10","150"],[20,"Q.10) 'Radicalisation' in Jammu and Kashmir is driven as much by socio-economic factors as by external influences. Discuss how education and youth engagement can play a role in countering radicalisation in J&K.","10","150"],[22,"Q.11) Outline the key characteristics of the care economy, discuss how India can better integrate the value of unpaid and underpaid care work into its economic framework.","15","250"],[25,"Q.12) The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) presents both unprecedented opportunities and significant challenges for India's labour market. Examine. Also suggest strategies to align AI adoption with inclusive and resilient labour market outcomes.","15","15"],[28,"Q.13) Why does India's agricultural export performance remain weak despite high production levels? What measures would you suggest to improve agri export competitiveness?","15 marks, 250","15"],[31,"Q.14 \"The agricultural subsidy regime in the country needs reforms to address the distortions it causes.\" Comment.","15","250"],[34,"Q.15 How can biomanufacturing transform today s consumptive manufacturing paradigm to the one based on regenerative principles? Also discuss how BioE 3 Policy (Biotechnology for Economy, Environment, and Employment) aims to foster biomanufacturing in the country.","15","250"],[36,"B6 E3 How Bio E3 aims to foster biomanufacturing","",""],[37,"Q.16) The future of digital innovation depends on self-reliant, domain-specific AI capabilities. In this context, bring out the key considerations in developing indigenous AI models and tools. Suggest measures to build an enabling ecosystem for AI innovation in India. What initiatives have been taken by the government in this regard?","15","250"],[40,"Q.17) Marine oil spills are a form of environmental disaster, with far-reaching consequences for biodiversity and coastal livelihoods; however, India's preparedness to prevent such incidents and mitigate their impact has significant gaps. Analyze.","15","250"],[43,"Q.18) 'The United Nations has declared 2025 as the International Year of Glacier Preservation.' Bring out the ecological and socio-economic significance of glaciers. What are the key challenges in preserving them? What measures have been taken at national and international levels towards preservation of glaciers?","15","250"],[44,"Q.19) What are the determinants of insurgency in the north-eastern region of India? What strategy should the Government of India, civil administration and security forces adopt to counter the threat in the affected areas?","15","250"],[47,"Q.20 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have become an integral aspect of modern conflict and warfare, employed by both state and non-state actors. Discuss its implications for India's security architecture and state the measures being taken to address them. Also suggest other steps to tackle the threats emanating from UAVs","15","250"]]},{"i":350,"t":"Eshani Anand","c":"Nextias","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":79,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/93393beb2b7e996905ce7ea7f8b78443/74/air-79-eshani-anand_test-2_gs2.pdf","q":[[5,"Q.1 There is a need to resolve the ambiguity in the disqualification provisions under section 8 of the Representation of People Act 1951. Discuss.","10","150"],[7,"Q.2 Constitution is a mere skeleton whereas constitutionalism is the soul of democracy. Discuss.","10","150"],[9,"\"Electoral bonds are a double-edged sword, providing anonymity to donors while raising concerns about transparency in political funding.\" To what extent have electoral bonds further legitimized opacity in electoral funding?","10","Answer in 150"],[11,"Q.4 The question of gender equality is central to the debate on Uniform Civil Code. In this light what are the challenges in reconciling UCC with gender equality as enshrined in the constitution?","10","150"],[13,"'The Governor's office is neither decorative nor inconsequential, it assumes a constitutional role of profound essence' To what extent does the Governor, actively contribute to the governance of a state and reinforce the principles of federalism in the country?","10","150"],[15,"Q.6 Recently demand has been rising in a state regarding the enactment of Social Accountability Law. How such a law can lead to good governance and boost citizens' participation in decision-making. Comment.","10","150"],[17,"Q.7 There is a need for convergence of 'nutrition-specific' and 'nutrition-sensitive' interventions to effectively tackle child undernutrition in India. Examine.","10","150"],[19,"Q.8 \"MGNREGA, the lynchpin of rural poverty alleviation, has become the victim of fiscal apathy.\" Critically analyze the statement in light of recent developments.","10","150"],[21,"Q.9 \"India must leverage, if not manage, the global divides\". How can the current geopolitical churn pave the way for India's rise to the global high table?","10","150"],[23,"Q.10 \"Berlin can be India's gateway to the European Union.\" Elaborate with respect to Germany's significance in India's relationship with the EU.","10","150"],[25,"Q.11 How has the Anti-Defection Law impacted the relationship between political parties and individual legislators in India? In light of the recent incidents also discuss the unintended consequences it has on the functioning of democracy in India.","15","250"],[28,"12 Critics assert that limitless judicial authority rests on the structural ambiguity of the basic structure doctrine. Has the elastic nature of the basic structure doctrine made the judiciary more powerful than the executive?","15","250"],[31,"Q.13 Fundamental rights are not gifts bestowed upon by the state rather an individual possesses them independently of the state. In this context discuss the desirability of reasonable restrictions on various fundamental rights.","15","Answer in 250"],[35,"2.14 'S.R. Bommai v. Union of India signified a paradigm shift in the judicial interpretation of the union's authority to assume control of a state's administration.' In this context discuss the significance and impact of the judgement on cementing the federal structure.","15","250"],[38,"Q.15 The key to effective decentralization is, 'political decentralization should follow finance and functional decentralization'. Discuss in the context of impediments faced by local governance in India.","15","250"],[41,"16 Multi-stakeholder partnerships are the key to leveraging collective expertise and networks. How can effective partnership and localized implementation efforts be fostered to accelerate the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in India?","15","Answer in 250"],[44,"Q.17 How has the implementation of the POSH Act resulted in limited success in raising awareness about sexual harassment, and what factors have hindered its effective outreach to women employed in the unorganized sector? Propose strategies to bridge this gap and ensure comprehensive protection for women in the unorganized sector against workplace harassment.","15","250"],[47,"18 'Neo-liberal reforms and globalization have deeply transformed the institutions of the welfare state and set the ground for a new type of civil services.' In this context examine the challenges faced in service delivery and suggest adequate reforms.","15","250"],[50,"Q.19 China views India as its \"Asian Rival\" with an innate ability to counter its hegemonistic goals in Asia. Despite these difficulties in India-China relations, there are also many areas of convergence. Discuss.","15","Answer in 250"],[53,"Q.20 Indo-Pacific region in recent times has emerged as a zone of diverging interests and priorities. Discuss. Do you think the Global Security Initiative will supersede QUAD in the region?","15","Answer in 250"]]},{"i":349,"t":"Eshani Anand","c":"Nextias","p":"GS3","y":null,"r":79,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/93393beb2b7e996905ce7ea7f8b78443/67/air-79-eshani-anand_test-3_gs3.pdf","q":[[6,"Q.1 What do you understand by Windfall tax? Do you think that windfall taxes can effectively redistribute wealth and promote greater economic equality?","10","150"],[8,"Q.2 Discuss the perceived successes and challenges of implementing inflation targeting under the new Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) regime.","10","150"],[10,"Q.3 Assess the potential of millet production in promoting sustainable agriculture and improving food security in India.","10","150"],[12,"Q.4 Jal Jeevan Mission has the potential to end the regional disparity in the availability and accessibility of drinking water. Highlighting the significance of the mission, discuss the underlying impediments in achieving the desired objectives.","10","150"],[14,"Q-5 What do you understand by Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS)? Discuss its applications and how it can revolutionize the energy program of India.","10","Answer in 150"],[16,"Q.6 Discuss in brief developments and challenges in the Gaganyaan mission of ISRO. What are the possible benefits of the mission for the society?","10","Answer in 150"],[18,"Q.7 \"Green hydrogen can be the silver bullet in our quest to tackle climate change and pollution\". Critically analyze the statement in light of India's National Green Hydrogen mission.","10","150"],[19,"2) Can attain the following targets\n- 120 million metric tonnes of CO2 abated\n- Near zero effluents","",""],[20,"Q.8 What are the key lessons for disaster management and environmental conservation in the Himalayan region, in light of the recent disaster in Joshimath, Uttarakhand?","10","Answer in 150"],[22,"Q.9 \"The recent radical trends in Punjab show that the Khalistan issue is still simmering.\" Discuss the statement with respect to recent developments and suggest measures to handle it.","10","Answer in 150"],[24,"Q.10 The anonymity and ease of drone operation contribute to the challenges of India's border security. Elaborate and give suggestions to tackle the drone problem in border areas.","10","Answer in 150"],[26,"Q.11 Electricity Amendment Bill, 2022 brings several advantages for consumers, DISCOMs as well as the environment. Elaborate. Also, list out its shortcomings and suggest some measures to overcome them.","15","Answer in 250"],[29,"Q.12 Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) plays an important role in the regulation of the share market and safeguarding the interests of investors. In the light of given statement, highlight the challenges faced by the SEBI and suggest reforms in this regard.","15","Answer in 250"],[32,"Q.13 Despite being a major contributor to the Indian economy, the agriculture sector is plagued by several constraints that impede its growth and development. Discuss the role of technology in overcoming these constraints.","15","250"],[35,"Q.14 Evaluate the impact of irrigation on the environment and natural resources, and suggest measures to ensure the sustainability and equity of irrigation practices in agriculture.","15","250"],[38,"Q.15 How India benefitted strategically from the contributions of Dr. Homi Jehangir Bhabha and Dr. Vikram Ambalal Sarabhai in the fields of atomic energy and space technology respectively?","15","Answer in 250"],[40,"7 What science and space research can do - bring changes to lives of common man","",""],[41,"Q.16 Generative AI holds the potential to push the boundaries of innovation in the near future, yet its societal impact raises substantial challenges. Elaborate.","15","Answer in 250"],[44,"Q.17 Explain the purpose of the \"Mangrove Alliance for Climate\" launched at the COP27 UN Climate Change Conference in Egypt in November 2022. Elaborate on the importance of mangroves in maintaining the coastal ecology of tropical nations.","15","250"],[47,"Q.18 The Formation of the Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure brings more robustness to the Disaster Management approach in India. Comment and justify the need for a new strategy to tackle Disasters in India.","15","Answer in 250"],[50,"Q.19 The recent rise in ransomware attacks targeting critical infrastructure and major corporations has highlighted the urgent need for stronger cybersecurity measures and policies. Discussing the key factors contributing to this trend, analyze the impact of these attacks on various sectors.","15","250"],[53,"Q.20 In the context of border security, how can cooperation and coordination between different security agencies be improved to ensure effective and efficient management of coastal and terrestrial borders?","15","Answer in 250"]]},{"i":348,"t":"Eshani Anand","c":"Nextias","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":79,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/93393beb2b7e996905ce7ea7f8b78443/66/air-79-eshani-anand_test-4_gs4.pdf","q":[[6,"1. (a) Public service requires not merely legal but also morally principled action. Public service requires the public servant to place loyalty to the constitution, laws, and ethical principles. Among the three, which do you think must acquire primacy while carrying out official functions? Why? Discuss.","10","150"],[8,"(b) What do you understand by \"integrity-based civil disobedience\"? Do you think a challenge to personal integrity can be a justifiable cause for responsible disobedience in civil services? Explain.","10","150"],[10,"2. (a) Recent research has shown that emotions significantly impact personal and professional lives. What are the primary emotions that negatively and positively impact workplace productivity? Explain with relevant examples.","10","150"],[12,"(b) Technical efficiency ensures resource utilization and social efficiency ensures fulfillment of social needs, what does ethical efficiency ensure? Do you think ethical efficiency is more important than technical and social efficiency? Why/Why not?","10","Answer in 150"],[14,"3. (a) \"Man cannot do right in one department of life whilst he is occupied in doing wrong in any other department.\" Gandhi.\nDo you think an individual's personal ethics impacts professional life or they both can be compartmentalized? Explain your position with relevant examples.","10","150"],[16,"(b) Goodness is the result of internal imperatives to do what is right, not sanctions from moral rules or rewards from expected consequences. Do you agree? Discuss.","10","150"],[18,"4. Explain the meaning of the following quotations and discuss their contemporary relevance.\n(a) \"To tolerate is purely an act of the mind. That is the essence of virtue. To tolerate is a strength.\" (Answer in 150 words) 10 Marks","10","150"],[20,"(b) \"It is our first duty to serve society, and after we have done that, we may attend wholly to the salvation of our souls.\"","10","150"],[22,"(c) \"Periods of peace are the empty pages in the history books\" (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[24,"5. (a) In the context of civil service, distinguish between moral and nonmoral values. Identify 5 basic moral values that can serve as foundational values for all services irrespective of the department. Give reasons why those values can be considered foundational.","10","150"],[26,"(b) Citizens' involvement in decision-making is critical to ethics in governance. Do you agree that effective civic engagement mechanisms can facilitate an ethics-driven administration? What do you think are the mechanisms that citizens can use for ensuring ethics in governance?","10","150"],[28,"6. (a) Social transformation programs such as \"beti bachao and beti padhao\" believes in using advice, counseling, and persuasion but sometimes a little force is also necessary for getting the desired response. Do you think it is a good idea to mix little force with persuasion by public administrators while implementing social schemes of transformation? Explain with relevant examples.","10","150"],[30,"(b) Ultimately foreign policy of every country hinges upon the strength which the nation possesses. Strength may be military or financial and may be also... moral. Do you think ethical strength without military or financial muscle will be respected in today's world? Explain your position.","10","150"],[32,"7 You are a young officer working with the Municipal Corporation of an industrial city. The city was known for manufacturing ball bearings and auto parts. Most manufacturing units were small-scale units with very little production process automation. The units relied on manual labor, which was in abundance due to the villages close by.\nAs the number of manufacturing units grew, the demand for labor increased, bringing in a steady inflow of laborers into the city. This influx of people into the town led to a mushrooming of slums and encroachments on the sidewalks. Once in a while, the Corporation conducted drives to clear out the slums, but after a time, the slums came back. The illegal slums had become an urban nightmare.\nYou were given the responsibility of clearing out the encroachments and slums with the help of Police authorities. As you started the drive, you realized that the people living by the sidewalks were vulnerable compared to the slum dwellers. Many sidewalk dwellers had recently come to the city after selling their properties in their villages. Now if you drive them out, they have no place to go. Your heart went out to them, and you felt that your departmental action was inhumane, but your official responsibilities demanded stern impartial action. You are desperate to find a way to help the sidewalk dwellers without compromising your official duties.\n(a) What value conflicts do you notice in the above situation?\n(b) Can an administrator compromise the value of impartiality for empathy? Discuss.\n(c) What are the options available in the above situation?\n(d) Suggest viable solutions for tackling illegal slums and encroachments in urban areas.","20","Answer in 250"],[37,"8 (a) What are the issues involved in the above case?\n(b) Do you think violating data privacy is justified to prevent welfare fraud? Why / Why not?\n(c) What, according to you, can be the reasons for such welfare frauds happening in the country?\n(d) Are there any ways and means to prevent such fraud? Give your suggestions.\na) What are the issues involved in the above case?\nb) Do you think violating data privacy is justified to prevent welfare fraud? Why / Why not?\nc) What, according to you, can be the reasons for such welfare frauds happening in the country?\nd) Are there any ways and means to prevent such fraud? Give your suggestions.","20","Answer in 250"],[42,"9. You are posted in the Department of Mines, and one of your roles is to help your Department Head negotiate mining leases with private contractors.\nRecently, the state government demarcated a new mining zone and planned to invite bids for the mining blocks. You were instructed to oversee the bidding process and speed up the contract negotiations. As planned, the tenders were released, bids came in, and tenders were allocated as per the norms. All this happened at a breakneck speed. You wondered, why the hurry? But it was not your place to think and question; you quietly went about your work.\nAs the contractors were about to start operations, you had to instruct them on environmental concerns to watch out for. And to do that, you read the environmental impact assessment report submitted by a consulting firm hired by the department. To your surprise, the report was shoddy and looked cooked up. You got suspicious and raised the issue with your Head, who politely instructed you to do what you were told, and he reminded you that the Department had revenue targets and was under pressure from the Ministry.\nAfter the meeting, you, on your own accord, did some digging and found out that the report was fraudulent and the mining activity that was about to start would lead to a massive environmental disaster which the State could not afford.\n(a) What are the issues and value violations you notice in the above case?\n(b) What are the options available to you?\n(c) Discuss the advantage and disadvantages of each option and identify your chosen course of action.\n(d) Do you think that environmental considerations are sometimes overrated at the cost of development?","20","Answer in 250"],[47,"10 (a) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\n(b) Do you think corporate businesses like GAMA should consider international ethics while promoting business interests? If yes, why? If no, why not?\n(c) Do you think the social responsibility of a corporate extends beyond its immediate community to the international community? If yes, why? If no, why not?\n(d) Do you think defense sector companies dealing with sensitive technologies should be regularly regulated by their governments, or should their entrepreneurship and innovation be encouraged by deregulation? Discuss. (Answer in 250 words)\na) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\nb) Do you think corporate businesses like GAMA should consider international ethics while promoting business interests? If yes, why? If no, why not?\nc) Do you think the social responsibility of a corporate extends beyond its immediate community to the international community? If yes, why? If no, why not?\nd) Do you think defense sector companies dealing with sensitive technologies should be regularly regulated by their governments, or should their entrepreneurship and innovation be encouraged by deregulation? Discuss. (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[48,"(d) Do you think the Defence sector companies marketing sensitive technologies must be regulated by their respective governments, or regulation may curtail their entrepreneurial and innovation energy? Discuss.","20","Answer in 250"],[52,"11. (a) इस मामले में नैतिक और व्यावसायिक मुद्दे क्या हैं?  \n(b) श्री शर्मा और कंपनी के पास कौन-कौन से विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?  \n(c) क्या आपको लगता है कि किसी कार्यकर्ता को स्वच्छता देने की संगठनात्मक संस्कृति के कारण समस्या उत्पन्न हुई या व्यक्ति की व्यक्तिगत प्रवृत्ति के कारण समस्या उत्पन्न हुई? चर्चा कीजिए।  \n(d) जैसा कि इस मामले में बताया गया है, ऐसे अनैतिक व्यवहार को रोकने के लिए कंपनी कौन-से नैतिक कदम और उपाय लेकर और कार्यान्वित कर सकती है? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए) [20 अंक]\na) इस मामले में नैतिक और व्यावसायिक मुद्दे क्या हैं?\nb) श्री शर्मा और कंपनी के पास कौन-कौन से विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\nc) क्या आपको लगता है कि किसी कार्यकर्ता को स्वच्छता देने की संगठनात्मक संस्कृति के कारण समस्या उत्पन्न हुई या व्यक्ति की व्यक्तिगत प्रवृत्ति के कारण समस्या उत्पन्न हुई? चर्चा कीजिए।\nd) जैसा कि इस मामले में बताया गया है, ऐसे अनैतिक व्यवहार को रोकने के लिए कंपनी कौन-से नैतिक कदम और उपाय लेकर और कार्यान्वित कर सकती है? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए) [20 अंक]","20 अंक","250 शब्दों में"],[53,"(a) What are the ethical and business issues involved in the case?\n(b) What are the options available to Mr. Sharma and the CEO?\n(c) Do you think the organizational culture of giving freedom to the sales force led to the issue or was the individual's corrupt nature that led to the problem? Discuss.\n(d) What ethics mechanisms and steps can the company create and implement to prevent unethical behavior, as mentioned in the case?","20","Answer in 250"],[57,"12. (a) उपरोक्त मामले में कौन-कौन से मुद्दे शामिल हैं? (b) आपको क्या लगता है रसिम को क्या करना चाहिए? क्या रसिम के लिए स्थानीय प्रशासन को शामिल करना अच्छा विचार होगा? कार्यान्वयन योग्य कार्यवाही का सुझाव दीजिए। (c) क्या आपको लगता है कि कंपनियों को उस क्षेत्र की सामाजिक संस्थाओं के लिए भी जिन्हें वे स्वीकार करनी चाहिए जहाँ वे अपना कार्य करती हैं? अगर हो तो क्यों, अगर नहीं तो क्यों नहीं? (d) श्रमिक संघ को इतनी आक्रामक प्रतिक्रिया के क्या कारण हो सकते हैं? आपके अनुसार रसिम को कर्मचारी संघ को कैसे सँभालना चाहिए? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए) 20 अंक\n\nSingh Garh is a primarily rural district with minimal, relatively insignificant industrial activity, except for one consumer goods manufacturing plant, which was the primary source of employment. Development indicators such as health, literacy, etc., were much below the national average. Along with developmental issues, another grave concern was the slow rise in child marriages. Despite the legal sanctions, child marriage continued to rise unabated.\n(a) उपरोक्त मामले में कौन-कौन से मुद्दे शामिल हैं?\n(b) आपको क्या लगता है रसिम को क्या करना चाहिए? क्या रसिम के लिए स्थानीय प्रशासन को शामिल करना अच्छा विचार होगा? कार्यान्वयन योग्य कार्यवाही का सुझाव दीजिए।\n(c) क्या आपको लगता है कि कंपनियों को उस क्षेत्र की सामाजिक संस्थाओं के लिए भी जिन्हें वे स्वीकार करनी चाहिए जहाँ वे अपना कार्य करती हैं? अगर हो तो क्यों, अगर नहीं तो क्यों नहीं?\n(d) श्रमिक संघ को इतनी आक्रामक प्रतिक्रिया के क्या कारण हो सकते हैं? आपके अनुसार रसिम को कर्मचारी संघ को कैसे सँभालना चाहिए?","20 अंक","250 शब्दों में"],[58,"(a) What are the issues involved in the above case?\n(b) What do you think Rashmi should do? Would it be a good idea for Rashmi to involve local administration? Suggest an implementable course of action.\n(c) Do you think companies should also accept responsibility for the social problems of the region where they operate? Why/why not?\n(d) What could be the reasons for such an aggressive reaction from the workers union? How do you think Rashmi should handle the workers union?\na) What are the issues involved in the above case?\nb) What do you think Rashmi should do? Would it be a good idea for Rashmi to involve local administration? Suggest an implementable course of action.\nc) Do you think companies should also accept responsibility for the social problems of the region where they operate? Why/why not?\nd) What could be the reasons for such an aggressive reaction from the workers union? How do you think Rashmi should handle the workers union?","20","Answer in 250"]]},{"i":351,"t":"Farkhanda Qureshi","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":2024,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/FARKHANDA-QURESHI-UPSC-2024-Rank-67-MGP-Sample-Copy-3.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) Ethics in private life may reflect personal beliefs; in public life, they must uphold legal and societal norms. Discuss the contrasting ways in which ethical principles operate in private and public relations.","10","150"],[5,"b) Despite legal provisions, instances of sexual violence against women continue to rise. How can a \"change in attitude\" address this issue?","10","150"],[7,"Q.2) a) Do you agree with the utilitarian principle that 'the greatest happiness of the greatest number' should guide decision-making and public policy formulation?","10","150"],[9,"b) The development of an individual's values is a multifaceted process, involving engagement of diverse institutions such as family, society, and educational establishments. Discuss with examples.","10","150"],[11,"Q.3) What does each of the following quotations mean to you?\na) \"Experience is the only teacher we have. We may talk and reason all our lives, but we shall not understand a word of truth, until we experience it ourselves\". Swami Vivekananda","10","150"],[13,"b) \"Love and compassion are necessities, not luxuries. Without them, humanity cannot survive.\" Dalai Lama","10","150"],[15,"c) \"Non-violence is the greatest force at the disposal of mankind. It is mightier than the mightiest weapon of destruction devised by the ingenuity of man.\" Mahatma Gandhi","10","150"],[17,"Q.4) a) The balance between laws and conscience is delicate; when synchronized, they promote ethical conduct, but their discord can give rise to significant ethical dilemmas. Illustrate with examples","10","150"],[19,"b) \"Good governance is not only about rules and regulations but also the character and conduct of those who govern.\" Discuss.","10","150"],[21,"Q.5) a) \"In the realm of international relations, ethics often takes a backseat to national interest, which primarily drives foreign policy decisions.\" Critically examine.","10","150"],[23,"b) The essence of business is profit, but it must be achieved through responsible and sustainable practices. Elaborate.","10","150"],[25,"Q.6) a) What are the ethical concerns associated with Artificial intelligence? How can ethics help in resolving them?","10","150"],[27,"b) While some argue that values are influenced by temporal and situational factors, others uphold the belief in timeless and universal human values. What is your opinion in this regard? Justify your answer.","10","150"],[29,"c) \"Whatever is begun in anger, ends in shame\" Benjamin Franklin.","10","150"],[31,"Q.7 You are the District Magistrate (DM) and District Election Officer (DEO). You are busy with preparations for the upcoming general elections. In this process, you attended a local meeting where the booth-level officer apprised you of his experiences of interacting with the villagers of Dharmapur. As you enquired further into the issue, you got to know the problem is not limited to a single locality but is more widespread.\na) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the case study.\nb) As the DEO and DM, what short-term and long-term measures would you take to ensure maximum voter turnout?","20","250"],[32,"a) केस स्टडी में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा करें।\nb) DEO और DM के रूप में, अधिकतम मतदाताओं द्वारा मतदान सुनिश्चित करने के लिए आप कौन से अल्पकालिक और दीर्घकालिक उपाय करेंगे?\na) केस स्टडी में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा करें।\nb) DEO और DM के रूप में, अधिकतम मतदाताओं द्वारा मतदान सुनिश्चित करने के लिए आप कौन से अल्पकालिक और दीर्घकालिक उपाय करेंगे?","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[33,"a) Ethical issues involved in the study :-\n1. Voter apathy and administrative inefficiency to remove the issues faced by people like social amenities, logistics, migration\n2. Lack of awareness about the importance of vote even by a single vote","",""],[37,"Q.8) Vishal is a 15-year-old boy, studying in class 10th at ABC High School. Vishal is a confident student who excels in both academics and sports, particularly in basketball. At the school's annual sports meet, Vishal was recognized for his exceptional performance in basketball. As a result, he was selected to captain the team in the upcoming inter-school basketball championship. The entire school had confidence in Vishal's abilities and expected him to lead them to victory. As expected, the team won all their league matches and entered the championship final. However, on the day of the final, Vishal twisted his ankle and couldn't perform at his best. As a result, ABC High School lost the championship to their closest rival, DEF High School. Vishal, along with the entire team and school, was deeply disappointed. Nevertheless, the school principal, Mr. Sharma, consoled Vishal and praised him for his determination and effort to play despite his injury. After the defeat, there was a noticeable change in Vishal's behavior. He started avoiding sports and his academic performance began to decline. During the monthly parent-teacher meeting, Vishal's father shared with his teachers that Vishal's behavior at home had also changed. He was more withdrawn, easily irritated, and avoided spending time with family and friends. Vishal's condition became a matter of concern for his teachers and parents. Upon further inquiry with his friends, it was revealed that after the basketball championship, Vishal was subjected to intense trolling by the students at ABC High School on various social media platforms. Videos of his performance were circulated with edited images and mocking voices. He was blamed for the school's loss on numerous social media pages. Additionally, derogatory messages and memes targeting Vishal were being circulated. Constant cyberbullying had impacted his mental health severely. Even his parents were not spared, with morphed pictures being shared in various groups to humiliate Vishal.\na) What are the reasons for increasing incidents of cyber bullying among children? What role can parents play in shielding their children from the effects of cyber-bullying?\nb) Discuss the responsibility of educational institutions to check the incidents of cyber-bullying.\nc) What ethical issues are involved in the use of social media by children?","20","250"],[38,"a Reasons for increasing cyber bullying incidents","",""],[41,"c) Ethical issues involved in the usage of social media\n1 Mental health issues faced by victims → affects aptitude\n2 Spillover effects on academic performance of children due to increased screen time\n3 Issue of child pornography, addiction to game costing their lives, eg Blue whale game\n4 Negative perception & lack of emotional quotient in social media content consumption\n5 Issues of insensitive information due to deep fake usage → involves commoditization of women, cyber frauds, scams","",""],[42,"Q.9 EduLab Pvt. Ltd. is a globally renowned Ed-tech company known for its online products. Recently, it faced significant challenges despite the substantial growth in the online education sector driven by technological advancements such as the adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI). The company reported unprecedented net losses, prompting a comprehensive overhaul of its operations to streamline processes and improve efficiency. To address these financial challenges, the company decided to incorporate new technologies, including AI and automation. This strategic shift led to the decision to lay off almost 10% of its workforce. It was also a cost-cutting measure aimed at reducing expenditure on human resources and reign in the mounting losses. Following the layoffs, the company made headlines by giving substantial bonuses to its senior management. They also signed a high-profile sports personality as their brand ambassador with a multimillion-dollar contract. Reports indicated continued excessive spending on first-class travel and generous salaries for senior officers, casting doubt on the company's claims of financial strain. The abrupt manner in which the layoffs were executed left many employees in distress. Concerns arose over their financial obligations, such as EMIs, school fees, and caregiving responsibilities. Media coverage highlighted grievances from laid-off employees regarding contractual obligations that were allegedly ignored. The absence of any severance packages or formal notices further compounded their anxiety. While the owner of EduLab Pvt. Ltd. issued an apology to the affected employees, the handling of the layoffs was criticized for its perceived insensitivity and lack of transparency. The incident sparked widespread public debate and scrutiny, underscoring broader concerns about corporate responsibility and ethical practices in the face of technological disruptions and industry transitions.\na) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case study?\nb) How can ethics in corporate governance contribute to organizational resilience during periods of economic downturn or technological disruption?","20","250"],[43,"a) Ethical issues involved in the case are:\n1 Employee - employee relations being strained and non co-terminus with obligatory scenario. eg No formal notice of layoff.\n2 Questions over the actual financial strain in the company as it hired brand ambassador & gave bonus to senior employee.\n3 Mass layoffs led to ripple effect on lives of people - employment losses, responsibility affected like loans, fees etc.","",""],[46,"Q10 You are the Chairman of a Coastal Development Authority of a state, tasked with preparing a Detailed Project Report (DPR) of construction of a coastal highway. It is an ambitious project aimed to enhance connectivity and promote tourism in the scenic coastal region of the state. The initial DPR, meticulously crafted by your team, prioritizes minimizing environmental impact by utilizing existing government land and adhering to stringent guidelines on land acquisition and compensation for affected stakeholders. The proposed route ensures minimal disruption to local fishing communities and preserves critical coastal habitats. However, challenges arise when a wealthy real estate developer, with ties to influential policymakers, proposes a significant alteration to the highway route. He suggests moving the highway closer to a resort he plans to develop, arguing that it would spur tourism and economic growth in the area. In exchange, he offers to facilitate the acquisition of beachfront property at a nominal rate for your family, highlighting it as a mutually beneficial arrangement. This proposed realignment would require acquiring privately owned coastal lands, displacing traditional fishing communities, and potentially disturbing fragile marine ecosystems. Moreover, it would involve the removal of significant coastal vegetation, impacting local biodiversity and the natural beauty of the region.\na) Under the given conditions, what are the options available to you? Critically examine each of the options.\nb) What course of action would you adopt to navigate the situation and why?","20","20"],[48,"1) Evaluate the options of my plan & proposed plan & then take pragmatic decision.","",""],[51,"Q.11 Nitish is an aspiring civil servant. One day, while reading the newspaper, he came across an article about a demolition drive. In a large Indian city, the state government had launched a significant urban reclamation project aimed at restoring the banks of a heavily polluted river. The river, which flows through a densely populated area, had become severely degraded due to illegal encroachments and industrial pollution. Over several decades, thousands of families had settled along the riverbanks, constructing homes, shops, and factories without proper authorization. The river had long been a dumping ground for industrial waste from other parts of the city, contributing to severe pollution. Environmentalists have time and again emphasized the need for a comprehensive clean-up and sustainable development plan.\n\nTo rejuvenate the river and its surroundings, the state government initiated a comprehensive demolition drive to remove the illegal constructions. The project aimed not only to restore the river's natural ecosystem but also to develop the area into an eco-tourism destination.\n\nThe demolition faced strong resistance from the residents, including appeals and protests in front of local authorities. Many residents, claiming that they had settled with the tacit approval of administration, hold the administration itself responsible for the issue. Some of them approached the courts to halt the demolition. The blame-game has erupted between the opposition and ruling parties in the state over the matter. Most of the affected residents belonged to marginalized sections of society, raising concerns about their displacement and livelihood.\n\nNitish, who himself comes from a family of limited means, sat there, reflecting on the pain of the people who had invested their life savings to build their homes and businesses. The drive disrupted thriving local commerce and displaced thousands of families. He questioned whether uprooting established communities by the demolition of residential and commercial properties was justified in a country where millions of people are homeless, poor, and have meager savings.\na) Discuss the ethical issues in this case.\nb) How far do you think Nitish's thinking is justified? Discuss by assessing the merits and demerits.\nc) As an outsider, what measures would you suggest to prevent such situations and manage the interests of all stakeholders?","20","250"],[57,"Q.12 Rahul belongs to a wealthy and influential business family. On his 17th birthday, he threw a party for his friends at a famous club in the city. The celebration continued late into the night, where everyone enjoyed themselves. After the party, Rahul bid goodbye to his friends and decided to drive home. He was driving his high-end SUV and, while speeding for fun, he lost control of the car while negotiating a sharp turn. The car collided with a bike coming from the opposite direction. The two occupants of the bike died on the spot, while Rahul escaped with minor bruises on his face and knees. The police arrived at the scene, detained Rahul, and took him to the hospital for a preliminary medical check-up. The families of the deceased were informed, and the bodies were sent for autopsy. After the initial legal formalities, Rahul was presented before the Juvenile Justice Board. The Board granted him bail on lenient terms that included writing a 300-word essay on road safety. This decision sparked outrage, but the situation escalated when a video of Rahul and his friends consuming alcohol in the club emerged and went viral on social media. As the case became the talk of the city, an investigative report by a leading daily unveiled further shocking details. The report revealed that Rahul's father had attempted to mislead the police by falsely claiming that the family driver was at the wheel during the accident. Initial actions by the police suggested preferential treatment towards Rahul, including delays in filing the FIR and later registering it under lenient provisions of the law. The investigative report also highlighted the involvement of medical staff in manipulating and tampering with evidence in exchange for inducements from Rahul's father. Rahul's blood samples were replaced with those of another person which had no traces of alcohol. Furthermore, the local MLA, who is the brother of State Home Minister and close to Rahul's family, reportedly intervened to influence police and judicial proceedings in favor of the juvenile. The city is gripped by a sense of injustice as details of corruption, collusion, and manipulation unfold, revealing the lengths to which those in power can conspire and make a mockery of laws, institutions, and principles of justice. You are the SP of the district where the entire incident occurred. Prima facie, the facts highlighted in the newspaper's investigative report appear to be correct. However, due to the involvement of the local MLA and the political connections of Rahul's father, you are facing pressure from higher authorities to manipulate the investigation and acquit Rahul. Additionally, the MLA has promised a 'plum posting' if you hush up the matter, and your promotion is also due soon. Meanwhile, the families of the victims, along with the public, are demanding accountability and justice.\na) As the SP of the district, examine the options available to you. What course of action would you take and why?\nb) How might the actions of Rahul's father influence his perception of personal responsibility and societal obligations?","20","250"],[58,"a) जिले के पुलिस अधीक्षक के रूप में, आपके पास उपलब्ध विकल्पों की जांच करें। आप क्या कदम उठाएंगे और क्यों?\nb) राहुल के पिता के कार्यों से उनकी व्यक्तिगत जिम्मेदारी और सामाजिक दायित्वों की धारणा पर क्या प्रभाव पड़ सकता है?","20 अंक","20 अंक"]]},{"i":352,"t":"G Sanjana","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":2025,"r":55,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/GUDELLI-SRUJANAUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-55-Sample-MGP-Copy-2.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) 'Unconscious biases in parenting continue to shape gendered experiences in India.' Do you agree with this view? Discuss.","10","150"],[5,"b) Distinguish between empathy and compassion. Why are they considered as foundational values in public services?","10","150"],[6,"Empathy and compassion as foundational values of civil services","",""],[7,"Q.2) a) The current society is witnessing rising levels of intolerance. What are the consequences of this situation for personal well-being and for societal well-being? What can one do at the personal level to become tolerant?","10","150"],[9,"b) What are the main components of emotional intelligence and how does it help an individual in taking ethical decisions?","10","150"],[11,"Q.3) Given below are the three quotations of great thinkers. What do each of these quotations convey to you in the present context?\na) “This life is short, the vanities of the world are transient, but they alone live who live for others, the rest are more dead than alive.” - Swami Vivekanand","10","150"],[13,"b) \"If you cry because the sun has gone out of your life, your tears will prevent you from seeing the stars.\" - Rabindranath Tagore","10","150"],[14,"1 How tears prevent from seeing stars","",""],[15,"c) “Two ways of building character – cultivating strength to challenge oppression, and tolerate the resultant hardships that give rise to courage and awareness.”-Sardar Patel","10","150"],[17,"Q.4) a) “With great power comes great responsibility.” In the present context, ‘Big Tech’ headquartered in developed countries wield disproportionate influence over digital infrastructure, personal data, and global narratives—often prioritising profit over ethical considerations. What ethical principles should guide such corporations in building a fair, inclusive, and just global digital framework?","10","150"],[19,"b) What do you understand by the term ‘crisis of conscience’? Describe an incident from your life where you experienced such a crisis. How did you deal with it?","10","150"],[20,"How to deal with it?","",""],[21,"Q.5) a) “A politics of confession that encourages politicians and parties to confess and offer regret for their errors can surely be a cathartic experience.” Examine the statement from the ethical point of view.","10","150"],[23,"b) What are the key objectives of the Right to Information Act, 2005? Examine the ethical concerns associated with certain provisions of the Digital Personal Data Protection Act in realizing the objectives of the RTI Act.","10","150"],[25,"Q.6) a) Public spaces serve as arenas of democratic participation and civic expression. Yet in India, they remain deeply gendered, with many women largely confined to the private and domestic sphere. Examine the factors that restrict women's access to public spaces. How can ethical governance help address the issue of gendered spatial control and promote inclusivity in public spaces?","10","150"],[27,"b) Write short notes on the following in 30 words each:\ni) Ethical fading\nii) Conflict of interest\niii) Persuasion\niv) Work culture\nv) Corporate governance","10 marks, 150","30 words each"],[29,"Q.7) A State Government in the northeastern part of the country has launched a series of anti-encroachment drives across forest areas, wetlands, and revenue lands. Under the directions of the Chief Minister, the administration has intensified efforts to reclaim public land, particularly in areas reserved for ecological protection and critical infrastructure development. Most of the time, these actions have been backed by court orders and have resulted in the recovery of thousands of hectares of land. However, in certain regions, the implementation of such drives is fraught with social and political complexities. In several districts, settlements have existed for decades and are inhabited by marginalized communities with limited access to legal rights or formal rehabilitation measures. These areas are often politically sensitive and influenced by local leaders and pressure groups.\nSimanta is posted as Additional Deputy Commissioner (ADC) in one such district. Over the past year, the district administration has attempted to align eviction measures with welfare outreach, including the provision of temporary shelters, relocation assistance, and public consultations. Recently, a major operation was scheduled to clear encroachments from over 140 hectares of forest land within a Reserved Forest, primarily to curb rising instances of human-elephant conflict and to restore ecological balance. Anticipating eviction, some residents approached the High Court seeking a stay. However, the court refused to grant it and directed the administration to proceed with the eviction following due process. Notices were served, and a detailed roadmap was prepared to carry out the operation, which was expected to last 2-3 days due to the scale and remote location. On the first day, Simanta led a team comprising forest officials, municipal workers, and police personnel. Demolitions were conducted peacefully and without major resistance. However, on the second day, when the team returned to the site, a large group of agitated residents—primarily women and children—had gathered. They raised slogans and formed human chains to prevent further evictions. The atmosphere grew tense when some individuals began throwing stones, resulting in serious injury to a municipal worker. The crowd grew increasingly volatile and emotionally charged, demanding an immediate halt to the operation. The police contingent present on the ground was outnumbered by the crowd. Faced with this crisis, some team members pleaded with Simanta to call off the operation, fearing threats to their life and the possibility of a violent escalation. Simanta attempted to contact his superior officer (the Deputy Commissioner), but due to poor mobile connectivity in the forested area, communication could not be established. Meanwhile, several local journalists had arrived and begun reporting on the incident. Simanta is in a dilemma as to what to do.\na. Evaluate the options available with Simanta to cope with the situation.\nb. Which of the above options would be the most appropriate for Simanta and why?\nc. What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by Simanta?\nd. Examine the qualities of a public servant which will be required to manage such situations.","20","250"],[30,"a. स्थिति से निपटने के लिए सिमंता के पास उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन करें।\nb. सिमंता के लिए सबसे उपयुक्त होगा और क्यों?\nc. सिमंता को किन नैतिक दुविधाओं का सामना करना पड़ रहा है?\nd. ऐसी परिस्थितियों का प्रबंधन करने के लिए एक लोक सेवक के गुणों का परीक्षण करें।\na स्थिति से निपटने के लिए सिमंता के पास उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन करें।\nb सिमंता के लिए सबसे उपयुक्त होगा और क्यों?\nc सिमंता को किन नैतिक दुविधाओं का सामना करना पड़ रहा है?\nd ऐसी परिस्थितियों का प्रबंधन करने के लिए एक लोक सेवक के गुणों का परीक्षण करें।","20 अंक","250 शब्द"],[32,"c) Ethical dilemmas faced by Simanta\n1) As they are women and children, no strict action can be taken at that moment.\n2) Adherence to laws versus ground reality.\n3) Crisis of conscience in dealing","",""],[34,"Q.8 Megha is a first-year sociology student at a reputed college in the national capital. She is originally from Tadchiroli, a tribal village in a western Indian state. Megha's family migrated to the city when she was seven years old and had not visited their village since. Though Megha has fond memories of her childhood there, she never deeply understood the customs and traditions of the region. One day, Megha expresses her wish to visit Tadchiroli. Her father agrees and asks her to inform Ratan, her paternal uncle, who still lives in the village with his family. Megha informs Ratan and travels to the village during a semester break. Upon arrival, she receives a warm welcome from Ratan and his family. Later, Ratan invites her to attend a local festival. During the event, Megha notices that her cousin Rinki is missing. Curious, she asks Ratan's wife Ratna why Rinki is not at the festival. Ratna explains that Rinki is on her period, and as per tradition, menstruating girls must stay separately in small huts built specifically for the purpose. Locally known as 'kurma ghars', they are generally located on the periphery of the village, near a river or pond. She further adds that these girls are not allowed to enter the main house or participate in any social or religious activities. Megha is taken aback. She asks whether all women follow this practice. Ratna nods and says it has been the custom for generations. Even schoolgirls stay in these huts and miss classes during their periods. Ratna admits that many in the village, including herself, never questioned the practice. The explanation unsettles Megha. She finds it hard to believe that a natural biological function leads to such exclusion. Before returning to the city, Megha observes that even educated family members seem to accept and follow these customs. The experience leaves a deep impact on her. She starts reading more about menstrual taboos and their impact on women's health, dignity, and education. As a sociology student, she recognises how such traditions are linked to patriarchy and social stigma. She begins to reflect on what she can do at her level to improve the current situation, without alienating the community or disrespecting its traditions.\na. Suggest a course of action Megha can take to sensitize her village community without appearing disrespectful or confrontational.\nb. What ethical principles and methods should guide her actions while engaging with the community?\nc. How is menstruation related to human rights?","20","250"],[35,"a. मेघा द्वारा अपने गांव के समुदाय को असम्मानजनक या टकरावपूर्ण व्यवहार किए बिना संवेदनशील बनाने के लिए अपनाई जा सकने वाली कार्यवाही का सुझाव दीजिए।\nb. समुदाय के साथ जुड़ते समय उसके कार्यों को किन नैतिक सिद्धांतों और तरीकों से निर्देशित किया जाना चाहिए?\nc. मासिक धर्म मानव अधिकारों से किस प्रकार संबंधित है?","","20 अंक"],[39,"Q.9 Gopal is an 80-year-old man living in a remote and an underdeveloped village in a Central Indian state. He had been residing in a small mud house for years. When he came to know about the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana-Gramin (PMAY-G), he saw a glimmer of hope for a pucca house in the last phase of his life. However, the village sarpanch and panchayat secretary told him that to be eligible under the scheme, he must first demolish his existing house so that during a site inspection, no structure would be visible at the location. Subsequently, Gopal demolished his shelter and began living under a babool tree. For nearly six months, he has been staying in the open, braving harsh weather conditions. During this time, he has repeatedly visited the panchayat office but has been told that his application cannot be processed as he lacks the necessary documents. You are the officer-in-charge of implementing PMAY-G in the district. The case of Gopal reaches you through a prominent newspaper report. You personally visit him to understand the situation on the ground. After meeting him and listening to his account, you feel that he certainly needs support. Your enquiries confirm that he is truly destitute and living in a pitiable condition under the open sky. It is also established that he demolished his house based on a faulty interpretation of the scheme by panchayat officials. However, he has no documents to show that he fulfils the eligibility criteria under the scheme. Now you are in a dilemma. Including him under the scheme without the necessary documents would clearly be a violation of rules. But denying him support would be cruel and inhuman.\na Can you think of a rational way to resolve this dilemma?\nb Give your reasons for it.\nc What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?","20","250"],[44,"Q.10 You are working as an Assistant Section Officer in the District Development and Panchayat Office. One day, one of your close colleagues approaches you in deep distress. She tells you that her father is suffering from a severe liver condition, and the doctors have clearly stated that he must undergo liver transplant immediately in order to survive. She shares that she has no health insurance, and the surgery would cost around Rs 15 lakh. You are aware that her husband passed away a few years ago, and that she also has a four-year-old son with special needs. Just a few weeks ago, she also lost all her savings in a digital arrest scam. As a widow from a lower middle-class family, her options are extremely limited. Although you feel deeply empathetic, you are unable to offer financial assistance, as you do not have the resources to help. A few weeks later, you enquire about her father's health. She informs you that the liver transplant surgery was successful and that her father is now recovering steadily. Relieved, you ask how she managed to arrange the funds. Hesitantly, she confides that the District Development and Panchayat Officer (DDPO) helped her. Moved by her situation, the DDPO facilitated the release of Rs 15 lakh from the fund allocated to a rural sanitation scheme. The implementation of this scheme had been put on hold for a year due to technical issues and pending site approvals. She explains that the amount was provided on the assurance of strict confidentiality and with a commitment to repay it at the earliest. She expresses deep gratitude for the DDPO's timely help, which she believes saved her father's life. She has already begun repaying the money and will continue to do so until it is all returned.\na. Discuss the ethical issues involved in the case.\nb. Examine the behavior of DPDO from an ethical point of view.\nc. How would you react to the situation?","20","250"],[49,"Q.11 Nithin is the head of the Marketing Department at Pehnava Clothings Ltd., a reputed apparel manufacturing company with a strong global presence. Known for its professionalism and consistent performance, the company had earned a credible name in both domestic and international markets. However, the firm was going through difficult times. For three consecutive quarters, it had witnessed a steep decline in sales. This trend had raised serious concerns among the top management regarding the company's competitiveness, profitability, and long-term stability. To address the situation, the leadership decided to restructure the marketing division and bring in dynamic leadership. A senior marketing executive, Mr. A, was hired after a rigorous selection process. He had an impressive career record and was known for turning around sales performance in other firms and building strong brand identities. With high expectations placed upon him, Mr. A was seen as the key figure to steer the company out of crisis. Mr. A soon began delivering results. Within a year, the company's revenue had almost doubled, and its brand visibility had increased significantly. His bold marketing strategies, proactive outreach, and innovative campaigns received appreciation from various quarters within the company. His performance drew the attention of the top management. There were deliberations about assigning him a larger role within the company, with a focus on long-term business strategy. He was also being considered for an internal award for 'Excellence in Leadership and Innovation'. However, alongside professional success of Mr. A, Nithin began receiving troubling feedback about his conduct in the workplace. Informal reports indicated that he frequently made inappropriate comments about women. In addition, he regularly sent indecent messages via social media apps to all team members, including his female colleagues. Although no formal complaint was lodged initially, Nithin could sense tension within the team, and signs of discomfort were becoming increasingly apparent. Some employees even started avoiding direct interaction with Mr. A. Team morale and interpersonal trust were gradually eroding, but employees remained hesitant to speak openly. The matter escalated one evening when Mrs. X, one of Mr. A's team members approached Nithin. Visibly disturbed and emotionally shaken, she disclosed that Mr. A had repeatedly engaged in inappropriate behavior towards her. She added that Mr. A had been making undesirable advances towards her and had even tried to touch her inappropriately in his cabin. She urged Nithin to take appropriate action in the matter, or else she would have no option but to resign from her position.\na Bring out the ethical issues involved in this case.\nb What are the options available to Nithin?\nc Critically examine each of the options identified by Nithin.\nd Which of the options, do you think, would be more appropriate for Nithin to adopt and why?","20","250"],[50,"a. इस मामले में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों को स्पष्ट करें।\nb. नितिन के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\nc. नितिन द्वारा पहचाने गए प्रत्येक विकल्प का आलोचनात्मक परीक्षण करें।\nd. नितिन के लिए कौन सा विकल्प अपनाना अधिक उपयुक्त होगा और क्यों?\na इस मामले में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों को स्पष्ट करें।\nb नितिन के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\nc नितिन द्वारा पहचाने गए प्रत्येक विकल्प का आलोचनात्मक परीक्षण करें।\nd नितिन के लिए कौन सा विकल्प अपनाना अधिक उपयुक्त होगा और क्यों?","20 अंक","250 शब्द"],[55,"Q.12 You are appointed as an officer heading the Air Quality Compliance Division of the Environment Pollution Control Board in Delhi-NCR. The region is witnessing alarming levels of air pollution, which typically worsen during the winter months due to various meteorological and anthropogenic factors. The situation has led to severe public health concerns, particularly affecting vulnerable groups such as the elderly, children, and those with respiratory illnesses. The Supreme Court has also raised serious concern over the deteriorating air quality in Delhi-NCR and has directed the administration to take immediate and effective measures to control pollution, especially during the winter months. Your jurisdiction has a large number of small and medium-scale industries that were granted environmental clearance over the years. These industries form the backbone of the local economy and provide employment to a significant number of migrant workers. However, recent inspections and air quality monitoring reports indicate that a significant number of these units are operating in violation of prescribed air emission norms. As part of targeted measures to curb air pollution, you issued notices to all identified polluting units, directing them to apply for fresh environmental clearance certificates from the competent authority. However, your decision triggered strong opposition from a section of industrial units, labour unions, and local politicians. Industrial owners argued that such action would lead to production shutdowns, financial losses, and shortages of their products in the market. Labour unions and workers also protested, fearing mass unemployment and livelihood insecurity. Local politicians and vested interests accused you of jeopardising the socio-economic stability of the region. You received representations from various quarters urging you to withdraw the notices and not initiate harsh measures, citing the interests of multiple stakeholders. Additionally, you began receiving anonymous threats, aimed at coercing you into reversing your decision. On the other hand, several of your colleagues supported your stance, encouraging you to act in the larger public interest. Several local NGOs and environmental groups rallied behind your actions, demanding the immediate closure of polluting units.\na. Under the given conditions, what are the options available to you?\nb. Critically evaluate each of the options listed by you.\nc. What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by you?","20","250"],[61,"When must you seek mentorship?","",""]]},{"i":355,"t":"G Srujana","c":"Vision","p":"GS1","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/0d55d-346699_2363_gudelli_srujana_rank_55.pdf","q":[[3,"1. What were the various modes through which Indian culture spread abroad in the ancient period? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[5,"2. Colonial economic policies, driven by capitalist imperatives, created and even exacerbated the conditions for famines in India. Explain with examples. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[7,"3. The civil liberties enjoyed in India today are a direct reflection of the political values and ideals of the Indian National Movement. Discuss with examples.","10","150"],[9,"4. What are the factors that have kept the multi-decadal conflict between Israel and Palestine raging even in contemporary times? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[11,"5. Why is there a prominence of local winds in regions around the Mediterranean Sea? How do they influence regional climates and the lives of local populace? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[13,"6. Explain the positive environmental impact of cyclones on ecosystems and geographical areas. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[15,"7. Explain the concept of 'resource curse'. Do you think over dependence on a single resource can hinder a country's development? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[17,"8. Identify the causes of water crisis in India's mega cities such as Chennai, Bengaluru, etc. Suggest remedial measures to overcome this crisis. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[19,"9. Analyse the role of the state and market forces in understanding the changing family system and norms in India. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[21,"10. With a decline in chronic poverty but a rise in vulnerability among the newly non-poor, how can India restructure its social protection systems to address both emerging and persistent challenges effectively? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[23,"11. Explain the contribution of Sangam literature in providing political and socio-economic insights into the Tamil region and beyond. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[26,"12. Discuss the significance of symbolic language in Buddhism with special emphasis on animal symbols. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[29,"13. How did the First World War bring in social and economic disruptions for nearly all sections of the Indian society and lead to mass mobilisation for the independence struggle?","15","250"],[32,"14. What are the challenges faced in milk production in India? How can India bring about White Revolution 2.0? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[35,"15. How does climate change impact tropical rainforests worldwide? What measures can be taken to safeguard them from detrimental effects of climate change? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[38,"16. Mention the key factors responsible for the emergence of industrial clusters in India. What benefits do enterprises gain from operating within these clusters? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[41,"17. What are the reasons behind India's underperformance in the textile sector compared to its competitors? How can India become competitive in this labour-intensive Industry. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[44,"18. With around 20% of India's population expected to be over 60 years old in 2050, do you think it is the right time for India to embrace the concept of 'silver dividend'? What measures should India take to reap the benefits of this dividend? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[47,"19. How has technology enabled women to overcome patriarchal constraints and expand their engagement beyond traditional roles in India? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[50,"20. Do you think that regionalism in India has mainly been a result of existence of multiple distinct linguistic identities? Discuss with examples.","15","Answer in 250"]]},{"i":356,"t":"G Srujana","c":"Vision","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/549c6-346699_2368_gudelli_srujana_rank_55.pdf","q":[[3,"Q1 The evolving interpretation by the courts have led to the expansion of the scope of the Right to Life and Personal Liberty under Article 21 of the Indian Constitution. Discuss with the help of relevant case laws. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[5,"Q2 Analyse how Section 8A of the Representation of the People Act, 1951 preserves the integrity of the electoral process in India. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[7,"Q3 With what objectives was the Ninth Schedule of the Indian Constitution initially introduced? Can the Supreme Court review a legislation that has been placed in the Ninth Schedule? Discuss with the help of case laws.","10","150"],[9,"Q4 Online Dispute Resolution's (ODR) promise of access to just, speedy and effective resolution of disputes is beset with several challenges. Discuss.","10","150"],[11,"Q5. The Right to Information (RTI) Act has fallen into redundancy owing to the issues faced by the Office of the Central Information Commission. Analyse.","10","150"],[13,"Q6. How has Information and Communication Technology (ICT) transformed the governance landscape at the grassroots level in India? What are the key obstacles in leveraging its full potential? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[15,"Q7. How does the politicization of the civil services corrode the 'steel frame' of governance in India? What measures can be implemented to counteract this effect? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[17,"Q8 Gender is an important dimension of ageing. What measures can be taken to solve the problems of elderly women facing social alienation and deprivation in India? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[19,"Q9. What role can the Indian diaspora play in fostering political and economic engagement between India and African countries? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[21,"Q10. More than a decade after its inception, the benefits of the Belt and Road Initiative have proven to be illusory, especially for developing countries. Comment.","10","150"],[23,"Q11. Discuss the financial constraints faced by the Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) in India. What measures can be taken to augment their revenue resources? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[26,"Q12. Discuss the role of the Election Commission of India (ECI) in ensuring free and fair elections in India. How will the Chief Election Commissioner and Other Election Commissioners Act, 2023 impact the independence of the ECI? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[29,"Q13. The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989 has played a significant role in preventing atrocities and providing protection against discrimination of marginalized communities in India. Analyse.","15","250"],[32,"Q14. Discuss the functions of the National Commission for Women (NCW). How does the Commission benefit from having the powers of a civil court in dealing with women's issues? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[35,"Q15. Critically analyse the effectiveness of the POCSO Act, 2012 in addressing the issue of child sexual abuse in India. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[38,"Q16. Critically evaluate the implementation of the Smart Cities Mission in India. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[41,"Q17 While extreme poverty has declined considerably in India, access to healthy food still remains a luxury. Discuss the reasons for poor access to healthy food and suggest measures to overcome the same.","15","250"],[44,"Q18. Examine the role of publicly funded health insurance in improving health outcomes in India. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[47,"Q19 To what extent has India's 'Neighbourhood First' policy been successful in enhancing its relations with the neighbouring countries? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[50,"Q20. Examine the effects of escalating conflicts in West Asia on regional and global stability, highlighting the significant repercussions for India. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[51,"2) Ten global solidarity","",""]]},{"i":353,"t":"G Srujana","c":"Forumias","p":"GS3","y":2025,"r":55,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/GUDELLI-SRUJANAUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-55-Sample-MGP-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1 Explain the significance of the recent changes made to the Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) with respect to labour market data estimation in the country.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Discuss the implications of the rising trend of protectionism and tariff wars in global trade for India's macroeconomic stability.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) \"Genome-edited crops have the potential to strengthen food and nutritional security in the country.\" Examine.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) Assess the role of Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY) in expanding irrigation coverage and improving on-farm water use efficiency.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5 Starlink, a satellite internet service provider, has recently been granted a license to operate in India. What is satellite internet? How does it work? What are its advantages and limitations?","10","150"],[13,"Q.6 What is a Geographical Indication (GI)? What are the legal frameworks governing it? How does it differ from a trademark? How can GI infringement be tackled?","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) What are the salient features of Mission Mausam launched by the Government of India? Why is such a mission needed? What are the likely challenges in its effective implementation?","10","150"],[17,"Q.8 Highlight the key provisions of the Disaster Management (Amendment) Act, 2025. How would the amendment help strengthen the disaster management framework in the country?","10","150"],[19,"Q.9 'Operation Sindoor' signals a strategic evolution in India's approach to cross-border terrorism. Analyze.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10 'Cyberspace has emerged as a distinct domain of warfare, posing serious threats to national security.' Discuss this statement and suggest counter-measures.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11 What are the key objectives of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC), 2016? To what extent has it been successful in achieving them?","15","250"],[26,"Q.12) Despite phenomenal growth in recent years, India's startup ecosystem lags in innovation across strategic sectors. Identify the factors responsible for this inadequate focus on deep-tech and suggest strategies to bridge this gap.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 What is floriculture? How is it helpful in enhancing farm income and boosting agri-exports?","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 “Women play a crucial role in Indian agriculture, yet continue to face systemic exclusion.” Discuss with reference to land ownership, access to credit, and agri-extension services. What initiatives has the government taken in this regard?","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 Launched on 25th June 2025, the Axiom-4 (Ax-04) mission has been much in the news since then. What are the key features of the mission? What significance does it hold for the Gaganyaan project and India's long-term space ambitions?","15","250"],[38,"Q.16) Energy storage technology is one of the major components of renewable energy integration and decarbonization of world energy systems. Briefly discuss any three such technologies, citing their key merits and demerits.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 Global Pandemic Agreement (2025) recognizes the ‘One Health’ approach as critical to pandemic prevention, preparedness, and response. Highlight the key features of the agreement, and elaborate on how the One Health approach can help in preventing future pandemics. What steps are needed to integrate this approach into India’s environmental and health governance?","15","250"],[44,"Q.18) The frequency and intensity of heatwaves, particularly in urban centres, have increased in recent years. Describe the various causes and effects of heatwaves. What policies and frameworks have been adopted in India towards extreme heat risk management?","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 Discuss how emerging technologies and globalization contribute to terror financing. Elaborate measures to tackle the menace of terror financing both at national and international levels.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 Explain the key components of the National Policy and Action Plan (2015) that have contributed to the significant decline of Left-Wing Extremism (LWE). What additional steps would you suggest to eliminate LWE in the near future?","15","250"]]},{"i":357,"t":"G Srujana","c":"Vision","p":"GS3","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/96964-346699_2369_gudelli_srujana_rank_55.pdf","q":[[3,"Q1 The energy transition of India's transport sector, significant to fulfil India's commitment to net-zero emissions by 2070, faces several hurdles. Discuss.","10","150"],[5,"Q2. WTO's Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies lays out rules for prohibiting certain forms of harmful subsidies. Discuss. What are the implications of the agreement on India's fisheries sector? (Answer in 150 words)","","150"],[7,"Q3. Although the PM-KISAN Scheme has provided benefits to numerous farmers, it continues to face several significant challenges. Discuss.","10","150"],[9,"Q4. What role can digital technology play in transforming animal husbandry in India?","10","150"],[11,"Q5. India's traditional knowledge offers solutions for making agriculture sustainable for environmental conservation. Illustrate with examples.","10","150"],[13,"Q6. Comment on the role of media in disaster management in India. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[15,"Q7. How is technology transforming India's pharmaceutical industry in terms of drug development and manufacturing? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[17,"Q8 How can agrivoltaics, which combines solar energy with farming, be a game changer for Indian agriculture? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[19,"Q9. Can jointness of the Central Armed Police forces (CAPFs) help in tackling the major security challenges being faced in various parts of India? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[21,"Q10. How has the linkage between drugs, internet, and terrorism emerged as a significant threat for India? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[23,"Q11. Discuss the role of Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) as an investment model for India's infrastructure development. Why are PPPs not a panacea for all infrastructure-related performance problems? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[26,"Q12 Bring out the role of the 'One Nation-One Ration Card' scheme in ensuring food security for vulnerable sections in India. What obstacles must be overcome to make the scheme a success? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[29,"Q13. Assess whether a new industrial policy is required given the central role of the Production Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[32,"Q14. Discuss the prospects and challenges associated with inland waterways as an alternative mode of transportation in India. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[35,"Q15. Discuss the role played by agricultural cooperatives in enhancing farmers' income, promoting agricultural exports, and strengthening the rural economy in India. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[38,"Q16. Comment on the success of 'Project Tiger' in protecting the national animal of the country. What further steps are needed for holistic conservation of tigers under the project? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[41,"Q17 While the littoral states of the Bay of Bengal have made significant strides in their disaster preparedness, their efficacy has been limited. Discuss. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[44,"Q18. The United Nations proclaimed 2025 as the International Year of Quantum Science and Technology. Which technologies in common use today are based on the understanding of quantum mechanics? What are the steps being taken by India in the field of quantum science and technology? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[50,"Q20. The vulnerability of India's coasts to unlawful activities poses significant threats to national security. Discuss the current security system in place for coastal security. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"]]},{"i":354,"t":"G Srujana","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/35119-346699_2370_gudelli_srujana_rank_55.pdf","q":[[3,"1. (a) Does moral conscience always complement laws, rules, and regulations in ethical decision-making? Support your answer with suitable examples. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[5,"1. (b) Compassion towards weaker sections of society is essential and non-negotiable in a country like India. Examine with suitable examples.","10","Answer in 150"],[7,"2. (a) Corruption exists and thrives in Indian society because it is socially accepted and even seen as aspirational. Do you agree with this view?","10","150"],[9,"2. (b) Social accountability is increasingly recognized as a means of enhancing democratic governance and improving service delivery. Discuss.","10","150"],[11,"3. What does the following quotation convey to you in the present context.\n(a) \"The human voice can never reach the distance that is covered by the still small voice of conscience.\" - Mahatma Gandhi (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[13,"3. (b) \"Fortitude is the marshal of thought, the armor of the will, and the fort of reason.\" – Francis Bacon. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[15,"3. (c) \"Character is repeated habits, and repeated habits alone can reform character.\" - Swami Vivekananda (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[17,"4. (a) How can organizations balance healthy competition while preventing undue pressure on employees? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[19,"4. (b) Management is doing things right; leadership is doing the right things. Elaborate.","10","Answer in 150"],[21,"5. (a) Formation of attitudes is a crucial aspect of the socialization process. Discuss the various factors that contribute to the development of attitudes in individuals.","10","150"],[23,"5. (b) Conflicts are inevitable in any workplace, and administrative roles are no exception. In light of this, discuss the role of emotional intelligence in conflict management. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[25,"6. (a) Discuss how attitude plays a crucial role in shaping our perceptions and interactions with the world. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[27,"6. (b) Recent studies indicate that Generation Z is experiencing higher levels of loneliness than the previous generations. What are the possible reasons for this trend? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[29,"7. In the following questions, carefully study the cases presented and then answer the questions that follow (in around 250 words):\n(a) What are the main ethical issues faced by Neeraj in this case?\n(b) How does whistleblowing by employees affect the willingness to report wrongdoing?","","around 250"],[30,"(a) What are the ethical dilemmas faced by Neeraj in this case?\n(b) How does the work culture influence employees' willingness to report potential wrongdoing?\n(c) What role does leadership play in fostering an ethical work culture? (Answer in 250 words)\na) What are the ethical dilemmas faced by Neeraj in this case?\nb) How does the work culture influence employees' willingness to report potential wrongdoing?\nc) What role does leadership play in fostering an ethical work culture? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[31,"a) Ethical dilemmas faced by Neeraj\n1 Professional integrity versus personal gain.\n2 Long term gain vs short term pain.\n3 Organisational ethics vs fear of retribution.","",""],[36,"(b) Evaluate the options available to you. What course of action you will take to address the above issue?\n(c) Burn out is a critical factor resulting in demotivation of employees. What steps should the private companies and government take in this regard? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[40,"9. As a research and development analyst in a leading nutraceutical company, you have been actively involved in the development of a nutrient-rich biomass that improves skin and bone health. The research outcomes are promising, and your team is enthusiastic about the upcoming product launch. During routine inter-team meetings, you accidentally come across research trials and documents related to another product of your company. This product claims to reduce weight and enhance immunity, but upon closer inspection, you discover that the trials were falsely conducted, and the research outcomes were generalized, however, there were no side-effects of the product. The product works on the placebo effect only. The team responsible for this product seems to have overlooked taking these documents along with them after the inter-team meeting. As per company's policy, going through the research trials of other teams is strictly prohibited. The false claims associated with this product contribute significantly to its high sales within the company. If the information regarding the false claims is revealed, it could potentially harm the company, leading to severe consequences such as closure, and jeopardize the years of hard work you have invested in your product, which has genuine and significant results for preventive healthcare.\n(a) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\n(b) Evaluate the options available to you.\n(c) What will be your course of action? Justify. (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[45,"10 Anmol, the Chief Development Officer of a remote and aspirational district in India, faces a complex ethical dilemma. The district benefitted from the government's recent development initiatives, but it still struggles in the fields of health and education. Partnering with a national NGO, Anmol has seen significant improvements in these areas, especially during natural disasters when the NGO's role in delivering lifesaving medicines was critical. During one such disaster, the NGO played a significant role in providing critical life-saving medicines to people and prevented the loss of lives and spread of communicable diseases. Anmol's as well as the NGO's work during this time was recognised widely and even rewarded by the state and Central governments. However, Anmol later learned that the NGO has been involved in bribing local officials to operate effectively. This practice, although illegal, is seemingly widespread in the district. Anmol is now at a crossroads, having to decide how to address this issue without jeopardizing the essential services provided by the NGO, as they complement the government's efforts and there are no viable alternatives in the region.\n(a) What are the ethical issues involved in this case?\n(b) List the options available to Anmol and evaluate their merits and demerits.\n(c) Which option should Anmol choose and why? Justify with arguments. (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[51,"(a) What are the ethical issues involved in the given case?\n(b) In light of the above case, discuss the ethical considerations regarding disparities in remuneration between top-level leaders and their subordinates in corporate organizations. (Answer in 250 words)\na What are the ethical issues involved in the given case?\nb In light of the above case, discuss the ethical considerations regarding disparities in remuneration between top-level leaders and their subordinates in corporate organizations. (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[55,"12. (a) विक्रम द्वारा AI सिस्टम विकसित करते समय सामना किए जाने वाले नैतिक मुद्दों की पहचान कीजिए।\n(b) इस मामले को सुलझाने के लिए विक्रम के पास कौन-कौन से विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\n(c) नैतिकता AI सिस्टम का अभिन्न अंग कैसे बन सकती है? (उत्तर 250 शब्दों में दीजिए)\na) विक्रम द्वारा AI सिस्टम विकसित करते समय सामना किए जाने वाले नैतिक मुद्दों की पहचान कीजिए।\nb) इस मामले को सुलझाने के लिए विक्रम के पास कौन-कौन से विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\nc) नैतिकता AI सिस्टम का अभिन्न अंग कैसे बन सकती है? (उत्तर 250 शब्दों में दीजिए)","","250"],[56,"(a) Identify the ethical issues faced by Vikram in developing the AI system.\n(b) What are the options available to Vikram in addressing this case?\n(c) How can ethics be an integral component of AI systems? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"]]},{"i":358,"t":"G T Srujana","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/5d8e4-346699_2366_gudelli_srujana_rank_55.pdf","q":[[3,"1. (a) How can the family effectively transmit core moral principles in an era dominated by digital influences? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[5,"1. (b) Though conscience generally serves as a crucial guide in ethical decision-making, it is sometimes fraught with limitations. Discuss. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[7,"2. (a) What ethical principles should govern the utilization of public funds? Discuss the moral implications of using taxpayer money to bail out large corporations.","10","150"],[9,"2. (b) Probity means more than just the avoidance of corrupt or dishonest conduct. Discuss with suitable examples. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[11,"3 (a) What does the following quotation convey to you in the present context.\n\"To educate a man in mind and not in morals is to educate a menace to society.\" - Theodore Roosevelt (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[13,"3. (b) \"Failure is simply the opportunity to begin again, this time more intelligently.\" - Henry Ford (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[15,"3. (c) \"Laws are silent in times of war.\" - Cicero (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[17,"4. (a) Good corporate governance is about intellectual honesty and not just sticking to rules and regulations. Illustrate with examples. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[19,"4. (b) In general, the higher a position in an organization, the more emotional intelligence matters. Do you agree with this view? Give reasons in support of your answer.","10","150"],[21,"5. (a) In addition to neutrality and non-partisanship, tolerance and inclusion are other important values that facilitate the civil servants to be more competent in a diverse country like India. Explain with suitable illustrations. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[23,"5. (b) What are the key principles of public service delivery? Discuss the challenges associated with providing effective public service delivery in India. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[25,"6. (a) When it comes to attitudinal change towards sustainable development, behavioural nudges are the way forward. Illustrate with examples. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[27,"6. (b) What lessons can be learnt from the life of Mother Teresa? Discuss their relevance in the contemporary world. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[29,"7. You are the Superintendent of Police in a city hosting a major religious festival at a temple. The event is expected to attract over a million pilgrims, far exceeding the temple's infrastructure capacity. Despite extensive planning and precautionary measures, a sudden crowd surge near the main shrine entrance has resulted in a stampede, causing multiple casualties and numerous injuries. The situation has escalated, with panic spreading among the devotees present at the temple.\n\nAdding to the complexity, instances of fake news are rapidly circulating through WhatsApp groups and social media platforms, falsely attributing the stampede to communal clashes. This misinformation is causing widespread panic among the general public and threatens to ignite communal riots in the district.\n\nAs the Superintendent of Police, you find yourself at the center of this crisis, faced with the dual challenge of managing the immediate aftermath of the stampede and countering the spread of potentially dangerous misinformation.\n(a) Identify the main stakeholders involved in this case.\n(b) As the Superintendent of Police, what measures would you take to manage the stampede situation and counter the spread of fake news through social media?\n(c) Discuss the ethical considerations you must keep in mind while balancing public safety and the sentiments of religious authorities and devotees. (Answer in about 250 words)","","in around 250"],[30,"(a) Identify the key stakeholders involved in this case.\n(b) Explain the measures you, as the Superintendent of Police, will take to address the stampede situation and curb the spread of fake news through social media.\n(c) Discuss the ethical considerations you must keep in mind while implementing these measures, particularly in balancing public safety with individual rights and religious sentiments. (Answer in 250 words)\na) Identify the key stakeholders involved in this case.\nb) Explain the measures you, as the Superintendent of Police, will take to address the stampede situation and curb the spread of fake news through social media.\nc) Discuss the ethical considerations you must keep in mind while implementing these measures, particularly in balancing public safety with individual rights and religious sentiments.","20","250"],[34,"8 Ravi Sharma, a renowned movie actor, finds himself in an ethical dilemma regarding a lucrative endorsement deal offered by a prominent bottled water company.\nHowever, the bottled water company is a subsidiary of a major alcohol brand, and the water bottles carry the same branding as the alcohol products. The advertising campaign is designed to reinforce the alcohol brand's image under the guise of promoting a healthy product.\nRavi is known for his socially responsible public image and advocacy for healthy living. He is deeply aware of the harmful effects of alcohol, having lost a close family member to an alcohol-related illness. However, the financial reward from this endorsement deal is substantial and could significantly support Ravi's philanthropic activities, particularly his initiatives for providing education and healthcare to underprivileged communities.\nThis situation places Ravi at a crossroads, forcing him to choose between accepting a deal that could indirectly promote alcohol use and rejecting it on ethical grounds, potentially foregoing significant funding for his charitable work.\n(a) What are the ethical issues involved in Ravi's decision to endorse the bottled water product?\n(b) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the decision of Ravi Sharma to endorse the bottled water product of the company.\n(c) How can Ravi Sharma use his influence to promote ethical business practices in the advertising industry?","","Answer in 250"],[35,"(b) and (c) (b) Discuss the broader implications of celebrity endorsements and their influence on public health and consumer behaviour.\n(c) How can public figures like Ravi use their influence to promote ethical business practices in the advertising industry? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[39,"9. You are posted as the District Magistrate in a predominantly agricultural district. Recently, the region has been hit by unseasonal rainfall, causing severe crop damage and pushing the farming community to the brink of crisis. The situation is further exacerbated by widespread corruption in the food grain procurement system.\n\nYou have received reports about rampant malpractices in the warehouses responsible for procuring food grains from farmers. These corrupt practices include deliberate delays in the procurement process, manipulation of weighing scales, arbitrary quality rejections, and demands for bribes from desperate farmers. As a result, farmers are facing significant financial losses, with many unable to recover even their input costs.\n\nMany farmers are unable to sell their produce, while others are forced to sell at prices far below the Minimum Support Price (MSP). This has led to financial distress for the farming community.\n\nAdding to the complexity, you have received reports suggesting that some local politicians and influential businessmen are involved in these corrupt practices, benefiting from the farmers' misery. There are also rumors of potential farmer protests and agitations if immediate action is not taken.\n(a) Identify the main stakeholders involved in this issue and their related interests.\n(b) Discuss the tactical measures you would adopt to provide relief to the affected farming community.\n(c) Critically analyze the measures you have chosen and discuss the ethical dilemmas you might face while implementing them. Also, suggest how you would resolve these dilemmas. (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[40,"As the District Magistrate, you are faced with the challenge of addressing both the immediate crisis and the systemic issues that have led to this situation.\n(a) Identify the key stakeholders involved in this case and their respective interests.\n(b) Discuss the immediate measures you will take to provide relief to the affected farming community.\n(c) Discuss the ethical dilemmas you might face while implementing your chosen course of action and how you would navigate them.","20","Answer in 250"],[44,"10. Mr. V, recently appointed as the head of Aztack's India division, faces a significant ethical dilemma regarding the company's baby food products. Recently, it has come to public attention that Aztack's baby products in India contain nearly 3 grams of sugar per serving, while similar products in wealthier nations like Germany and the UK have no added sugar. Aztack defends this practice, stating that the sugar levels comply with local regulations. However, the nutritional information on these products omits details about added sugars. This revelation has sparked backlash from civil society, NGOs, and health experts, who argue that added sugar in baby products is dangerous and unnecessary. The criticism is growing, putting Aztack's reputation and market position at risk. Mr. V faces a serious challenge. Removing these baby products from the market could result in significant financial losses for the company, potentially leading to employee layoffs and even the possibility of the company shutting down, given its already precarious financial state. The senior management is pressuring him to resolve the issue without making drastic changes that could affect the company's profit.\n(a) Discuss the ethical issues involved in this case.\n(b) Evaluate the options available to Mr. V in the above situation.\n(c) Which of the above would be the most appropriate option for Mr. V and why? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[49,"11. (a) इस प्रकरण में शारीरिक नैतिक मुद्दों का उल्लेख कीजिए।\n(b) सागर के समक्ष उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन कीजिए।\n(c) उन्हें क्या कार्यवाही करनी चाहिए? अपने उत्तर के समर्थन में कारण बताइए। (250 शब्दों में उत्तर लिखिए)\na) इस प्रकरण में शारीरिक नैतिक मुद्दों का उल्लेख कीजिए।\nb) सागर के समक्ष उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन कीजिए।\nc) उन्हें क्या कार्यवाही करनी चाहिए? अपने उत्तर के समर्थन में कारण बताइए। (250 शब्दों में उत्तर लिखिए)","","250 शब्दों में"],[50,"(a) State the ethical issues involved in this case.\n(b) Evaluate the options available to Sagar.\n(c) What should be his course of action? Give reasons to support your answer. (Answer in 250 words)\na) State the ethical issues involved in this case.\nb) Evaluate the options available to Sagar.\nc) What should be his course of action? Give reasons to support your answer. (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[56,"(a) and (b) (a) इस प्रकरण में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\n(b) परीक्षा प्रोटोकॉल सुनिश्चित करने के लिए उत्तरदायी व्यक्ति के रूप में, आपके पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं? आप क्या कार्रवाई करेंगे और क्यों? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)\na इस प्रकरण में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\nb परीक्षा प्रोटोकॉल सुनिश्चित करने के लिए उत्तरदायी व्यक्ति के रूप में, आपके पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं? आप क्या कार्रवाई करेंगे और क्यों? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250 शब्दों में"],[57,"As you stand there, torn between your professional duty and your love for your daughter, you realize the weight of the decision before you. The integrity of the entire examination system hangs in the balance, as does the future of millions of students - including your own child.\n(a) Discuss the ethical issues involved in this case.\n(b) As a person responsible for ensuring exam protocols, what are the options available to you? What course of action will you follow and why?(Answer in 250 words)","20","250"]]},{"i":962,"t":"Gamini Singla","c":"Vision","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_vZz68bpIiLACc8kDlCl4YOH4D-DGWnL/view","q":[[3,"1. (a) Open Government Data (OGD) can be seen as a step towards greater transparency and accountability in India. In this context, discuss the benefits of OGD and the challenges which lie therein.","10","150"],[5,"1. (b) An important requisite for ensuring probity in governance is absence of corruption. Analyse.","10","150"],[7,"2. (a) Enumerate the decisive factors behind moral attitude. Also, discuss any incident from your life wherein you brought about a change in someone's attitude around an important social issue.","10","150"],[9,"2. (b) Highlighting the importance of whistle-blowing in an organisation, discuss the systemic factors that determine whether a person would become a whistle-blower.","10","150"],[11,"3. (a) Transparent governance promises an accountable state but a balance has to be achieved between disclosure requirements and administrative privileges for efficient governance. Discuss.","10","150"],[13,"3. (b) Citizen empowerment is a natural outcome of a Citizen's Charter. Critically evaluate in the Indian context.","10","150"],[15,"4. (a) Emotional Intelligence is an essential ingredient for successful implementation of pandemic induced emergency response. Comment in the light of COVID-19 pandemic.","10","150"],[17,"4. (b) Discretionary power by itself is not pure evil but gives much room for misuse. Discuss in the context of administration in India.","10","150"],[19,"5. (a) Explain the ethical issues involved in spending government funds for advertisement campaigns and publicity.","10","150"],[21,"5. (b) Explaining the concept of political neutrality, discuss its significance in administration. Also, highlight how the Central Civil Services (Conduct) Rules seek to ensure political neutrality in the civil services.","10","150"],[25,"6. (b) \"Strive not to be a success, but rather to be of value.\" - Albert Einstein","10","150"],[27,"6. (c) \"Virtue lies in our power, and similarly so does vice; because where it is in our power to act, it is also in our power not to act.\" — Aristotle","10","150"],[29,"7. Party X has a clear majority in the Lok Sabha. However, because of it falling short of majority in the Rajya Sabha, a large number of its bills are getting stalled in the Upper House. Elections of a key state are around the corner and the party desperately needs to win, for it to secure a majority in the Rajya Sabha. As part of its campaign strategy, the social media head of the party suggests an insidious strategy to make electoral gains. A part of the strategy involves sending out questionnaires online and promoting them using ads. The response filled by people to these online questionnaires will help reveal their key personality traits to the social media team of the party. These behavioral science insights would be important in helping candidates tailor their campaign messages according to the recipient's personality traits. However, because the content of the questionnaire is incendiary and polarizing, the social media team decides to use fake accounts to administer data collection on social media platforms to avoid getting penalised. In addition, the strategy also involves sending out provocative content through online ads and fake news reports. This goes against the spirit of free and fair elections and violates the Election Commission guidelines on multiple levels. As one of the key members of the social media team of the party, you have been entrusted with carrying out this campaign successfully.\n(a) What are the key ethical issues involved in this case.\n(b) What is the course of action you would take? Give reasons for your response in a situation like this?","20","in around 250"],[35,"8. You are an IPS officer on your first posting in a very poor and isolated rural area of one of the most backward states of the country. In your office complex, of which you are the incharge, there is a frequent sewage related problem, causing inconvenience to the employees in your office complex and severely affecting the efficiency of the workplace. It might also lead to health disorders and diseases such as cholera, diarrhoea etc. To resolve it, the cleaning workers are made to do manual scavenging work without due regards to their safety. Most of these workers are from marginalised castes and are discriminated against socially. You are aware of the laws banning manual scavenging and the loopholes around it. In this context, answer the following questions:\n(a) What are the issues which you need to address in this situation?\n(b) Present your course of action to deal with the given situation.","20",""],[40,"9. You have recently been posted as a District Development Officer in a traditionally rural area that has seen rapid economic development in the past few years. You notice that there is a huge disparity between the number of male and female children in the area. When you go to the hospital and check the birth registry, you realise that registered new-born babies are mostly males. On further investigation, you notice a similar pattern in the village primary school, which has more male students than females. When you raise the issue with your colleagues, they ignore it and carry on with their work. You suspect that the practice of female foeticide may be entrenched in the area as you had read about the issue in the context of this state while studying for the Civil Services Examination. It seems to you that respected members of the community like doctors, politicians and government officials have chosen to ignore the issue, given the prevalence of patriarchy and mind-set of voters in the area. Thus, despite rapid economic development, preference for male child continues to persist. Based on the information above, answer the following:\n(a) Do you have any ethical duty in this scenario? Justify your views.\n(b) What would be your next steps and why?","20",""],[45,"10. According to some reports, gambling and betting together, while illegal, have evolved into a multi-billion dollar industry in India with one estimate pegging the market at $60 billion. Added to this is the wide reach of cricket as a sport and the periodic cases of betting in it making to news. It has been suggested by some that making gambling and betting legal would resolve many issues and also contribute to the exchequer. On the other hand, there remains a strong opinion against doing so.\n(a) What is your opinion on the matter?\n(b) Also, identify the merits of the arguments in opposition to the stand you have taken.","20",""],[50,"11. You work as a marketing consultant for a multinational company that specializes in various products including nutrient supplements, diet pills etc. The company pays its employees extremely well and provides satisfactory fringe benefits. Your manager has hinted that he will recommend you for overseas company transfer, which will improve your job profile. This has motivated you to work harder and perform better. The company has to advertise and sell a new weight loss pill 'X'. As per in-company research, it has minimal or no side effects and has no adverse impacts on health, which is its unique selling point (USP). You are given the responsibility of heading the marketing team for advertising pill 'X'. Due to a well-crafted marketing strategy including endorsement by a renowned celebrity, the product has generated considerable public attention. However, while working on an advertisement campaign for the pill, you find out that the in-company research findings of pill 'X' are fabricated. While it indeed has no side-effects, there are no proven benefits of taking the pill as well. It merely acts as a placebo. When you bring up the issue with your manager, he promptly tells you to keep the facts to yourself. He also indirectly brings up the fact that your performance review date is approaching and hints that you will get transferred overseas if you prove your loyalty to the company. Based on the given information, address the following:\n(a) Identify the stakeholders in this situation.\n(b) State the ethical issues that arise in this case.\n(c) Discuss your options in this scenario and mention your next step.","20",""],[51,"दी गई जानकारी के आधार पर, निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर दीजिए:\n(a) इस स्थिति में हितधारकों की पहचान कीजिए।\n(b) इस प्रकरण में उत्पन्न होने वाले नैतिक मुद्दों का उल्लेख कीजिए।\n(c) इस परिदृश्य में अपने विकल्पों की विवेचना कीजिए और अगला अगला कदम का उल्लेख कीजिए।","",""],[56,"12. There was an incident at a company wherein a fire broke out and led to a number of casualties. During the preliminary inquiry, one of the employees and bystander witnesses, specified that the company had taken all the safety measures and the management was not at fault. During litigation, the same employee was identified as a witness and his deposition was to be taken.\nThe issue is now in the court. You are a Senior Manager of the company and accompanying the said employee to the court for the deposition. On the way the employee tells you that he had lied during the inquiry; and that the truth was worse for the company than he had stated previously.\n(a) Identify the various ethical issues you would face in this situation.\n(b) What would you suggest the employee to do? Give reasons for your suggestions.","20",""]]},{"i":964,"t":"Gamini Singla","c":"Vision","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Mn2pLt0g5fgjhUWudO1aYRVjOcowY0Gv/view","q":[[3,"1. (a) Open Government Data (OGD) can be seen as a step towards greater transparency and accountability in India. In this context, discuss the benefits of OGD and the challenges which lie therein.","10","150"],[5,"1. (b) An important requisite for ensuring probity in governance is absence of corruption. Analyse.","10","150"],[7,"2. (a) Enumerate the decisive factors behind moral attitude. Also, discuss any incident from your life wherein you brought about a change in someone's attitude around an important social issue.","10","150"],[9,"2. (b) Highlighting the importance of whistle-blowing in an organisation, discuss the systemic factors that determine whether a person would become a whistle-blower.","10","150"],[11,"3. (a) Transparent governance promises an accountable state but a balance has to be achieved between disclosure requirements and administrative privileges for efficient governance. Discuss.","10","150"],[13,"3. (b) Citizen empowerment is a natural outcome of a Citizen's Charter. Critically evaluate in the Indian context.","10","150"],[15,"4. (a) Emotional Intelligence is an essential ingredient for successful implementation of pandemic induced emergency response. Comment in the light of COVID-19 pandemic.","10","150"],[17,"4. (b) Discretionary power by itself is not pure evil but gives much room for misuse. Discuss in the context of administration in India.","10","150"],[19,"5. (a) Explain the ethical issues involved in spending government funds for advertisement campaigns and publicity.","10","150"],[21,"5. (b) Explaining the concept of political neutrality, discuss its significance in administration. Also, highlight how the Central Civil Services (Conduct) Rules seek to ensure political neutrality in the civil services.","10","150"],[25,"6. (b) \"Strive not to be a success, but rather to be of value.\" - Albert Einstein","10","150"],[27,"6. (c) \"Virtue lies in our power, and similarly so does vice; because where it is in our power to act, it is also in our power not to act.\" — Aristotle","10","150"],[29,"7. Party X has a clear majority in the Lok Sabha. However, because of it falling short of majority in the Rajya Sabha, a large number of its bills are getting stalled in the Upper House. Elections of a key state are around the corner and the party desperately needs to win, for it to secure a majority in the Rajya Sabha. As part of its campaign strategy, the social media head of the party suggests an insidious strategy to make electoral gains. A part of the strategy involves sending out questionnaires online and promoting them using ads. The response filled by people to these online questionnaires will help reveal their key personality traits to the social media team of the party. These behavioral science insights would be important in helping candidates tailor their campaign messages according to the recipient's personality traits. However, because the content of the questionnaire is incendiary and polarizing, the social media team decides to use fake accounts to administer data collection on social media platforms to avoid getting penalised. In addition, the strategy also involves sending out provocative content through online ads and fake news reports. This goes against the spirit of free and fair elections and violates the Election Commission guidelines on multiple levels. As one of the key members of the social media team of the party, you have been entrusted with carrying out this campaign successfully.\n(a) What are the key ethical issues involved in this case.\n(b) What is the course of action you would take? Give reasons for your response in a situation like this?","20","in around 250"],[35,"8. You are an IPS officer on your first posting in a very poor and isolated rural area of one of the most backward states of the country. In your office complex, of which you are the incharge, there is a frequent sewage related problem, causing inconvenience to the employees in your office complex and severely affecting the efficiency of the workplace. It might also lead to health disorders and diseases such as cholera, diarrhoea etc. To resolve it, the cleaning workers are made to do manual scavenging work without due regards to their safety. Most of these workers are from marginalised castes and are discriminated against socially. You are aware of the laws banning manual scavenging and the loopholes around it. In this context, answer the following questions:\n(a) What are the issues which you need to address in this situation?\n(b) Present your course of action to deal with the given situation.","20",""],[40,"9. You have recently been posted as a District Development Officer in a traditionally rural area that has seen rapid economic development in the past few years. You notice that there is a huge disparity between the number of male and female children in the area. When you go to the hospital and check the birth registry, you realise that registered new-born babies are mostly males. On further investigation, you notice a similar pattern in the village primary school, which has more male students than females. When you raise the issue with your colleagues, they ignore it and carry on with their work. You suspect that the practice of female foeticide may be entrenched in the area as you had read about the issue in the context of this state while studying for the Civil Services Examination. It seems to you that respected members of the community like doctors, politicians and government officials have chosen to ignore the issue, given the prevalence of patriarchy and mind-set of voters in the area. Thus, despite rapid economic development, preference for male child continues to persist. Based on the information above, answer the following:\n(a) Do you have any ethical duty in this scenario? Justify your views.\n(b) What would be your next steps and why?","20",""],[45,"10. According to some reports, gambling and betting together, while illegal, have evolved into a multi-billion dollar industry in India with one estimate pegging the market at $60 billion. Added to this is the wide reach of cricket as a sport and the periodic cases of betting in it making to news. It has been suggested by some that making gambling and betting legal would resolve many issues and also contribute to the exchequer. On the other hand, there remains a strong opinion against doing so.\n(a) What is your opinion on the matter?\n(b) Also, identify the merits of the arguments in opposition to the stand you have taken.","20",""],[50,"11. You work as a marketing consultant for a multinational company that specializes in various products including nutrient supplements, diet pills etc. The company pays its employees extremely well and provides satisfactory fringe benefits. Your manager has hinted that he will recommend you for overseas company transfer, which will improve your job profile. This has motivated you to work harder and perform better. The company has to advertise and sell a new weight loss pill 'X'. As per in-company research, it has minimal or no side effects and has no adverse impacts on health, which is its unique selling point (USP). You are given the responsibility of heading the marketing team for advertising pill 'X'. Due to a well-crafted marketing strategy including endorsement by a renowned celebrity, the product has generated considerable public attention. However, while working on an advertisement campaign for the pill, you find out that the in-company research findings of pill 'X' are fabricated. While it indeed has no side-effects, there are no proven benefits of taking the pill as well. It merely acts as a placebo. When you bring up the issue with your manager, he promptly tells you to keep the facts to yourself. He also indirectly brings up the fact that your performance review date is approaching and hints that you will get transferred overseas if you prove your loyalty to the company. Based on the given information, address the following:\n(a) Identify the stakeholders in this situation.\n(b) State the ethical issues that arise in this case.\n(c) Discuss your options in this scenario and mention your next step.","20",""],[51,"दी गई जानकारी के आधार पर, निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर दीजिए:\n(a) इस स्थिति में हितधारकों की पहचान कीजिए।\n(b) इस प्रकरण में उत्पन्न होने वाले नैतिक मुद्दों का उल्लेख कीजिए।\n(c) इस परिदृश्य में अपने विकल्पों की विवेचना कीजिए और अगला अगला कदम का उल्लेख कीजिए।","",""],[56,"12. There was an incident at a company wherein a fire broke out and led to a number of casualties. During the preliminary inquiry, one of the employees and bystander witnesses, specified that the company had taken all the safety measures and the management was not at fault. During litigation, the same employee was identified as a witness and his deposition was to be taken.\nThe issue is now in the court. You are a Senior Manager of the company and accompanying the said employee to the court for the deposition. On the way the employee tells you that he had lied during the inquiry; and that the truth was worse for the company than he had stated previously.\n(a) Identify the various ethical issues you would face in this situation.\n(b) What would you suggest the employee to do? Give reasons for your suggestions.","20",""]]},{"i":963,"t":"Gamini Singla","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1gvYazaJIRhsmCD8C638I1ajVGqObgYZQ/view","q":[[3,"1. (a) Do laws need to be consistent with the prevalent moral norms? Discuss with examples.","10","150"],[4,"1. (a) Do laws need to be consistent with the prevalent moral norms? Discuss with examples.","10","150"],[6,"1. (b) \"People's indifference is the best breeding ground for corruption to grow\". Comment.","10","150"],[8,"2. (a) In the context of COVID-19 pandemic, discuss the importance of Emotional Intelligence among healthcare workers.","10","150"],[10,"2. (b) It is the 'spirit of service' that motivates a public servant to serve the country's interests and address people's issues. Discuss.","10","150"],[12,"3. (a) Ethics does its work in the world by granting and withdrawing legitimacy. Discuss in the context of role of ethics in international relations.","10","150"],[14,"3. (b) Sustainable growth of an organisation can result only by aligning its decisions to the interests of all stakeholders, not merely its shareholders. Do you agree? Justify with logical arguments.","10","150"],[16,"4. (a) Shri Lal Bahadur Shastri's life exemplifies value-driven public service of the highest order. What are the values one can learn from his life to be a good citizen and a good administrator?","10","150"],[18,"4. (b) There is a view that the institutional mechanisms to ensure accountability of civil servants have weakened over time. In this context, discuss the need of a social accountability law in India.","10","150"],[20,"5. (a) Why has anonymity of civil servants traditionally been seen as an important arrangement? In this context, discuss your opinion on the doctrine of facelessness in civil services.","10","150"],[22,"5. (b) In the age of social media, influencers have a huge following and have gained prominent marketing roles. In this context, discuss the ethical issues involved in influencer marketing.","10","150"],[24,"6. What do each of the following quotations mean to you?\n(a) Every man must decide whether he will walk in the light of creative altruism or the darkness of destructive selfishness. - Martin Luther King Jr.","10","150"],[26,"6. (b) Let us sacrifice our today so that our children can have a better tomorrow. - A.P.J. Abdul Kalam","10","150"],[28,"6. (c) I measure the progress of a community by the degree of progress which women have achieved. - B.R. Ambedkar","10","150"],[30,"7. You are a young officer posted as the Sub Divisional Magistrate in a district which houses factories for making match boxes and fire crackers. It is brought to your notice that a large number of children are working in these hazardous activities. The government had previously released a notification that owners of these manufacturing units need to report on the profiles of their employees annually to prevent child labour. These manufacturing units, abiding by the directives of the government, publish such reports annually and claim to have successfully put an end to employment of child labour. However, there are reports that these units are taking advantage of loopholes in the law. They are using contractors to continue to indirectly hire children without them officially being on the payroll of the units. Families of these child labourers are poor and see this as an essential source of income. An influential local politician also owns some of these manufacturing units and is known to put pressure on the officers involved for not taking any action against child labour.\n(a) Identify the stakeholders and ethical issues in this case.\n(b) How would you approach the problem and what would be the main elements of your action?\n(c) What medium to long-term measures will you propose to tackle the problem of child labour in the district?","20","around 250"],[35,"8 (a) What are the socio-economic problems that are widely attributed to alcoholism? (b) Do you think prohibiting liquor creates more problems than it proposes to solve? (c) Short of prohibition, what can be done to tackle the problem of rising alcoholism, particularly among the youth of the country?\na What are the socio-economic problems that are widely attributed to alcoholism?\nb Do you think prohibiting liquor creates more problems than it proposes to solve?\nc Short of prohibition, what can be done to tackle the problem of rising alcoholism, particularly among the youth of the country?","20",""],[40,"9. You are posted as District Magistrate (DM) of a district where residents are facing the menace of stray dogs. Instances of dogs chasing two-wheelers, cyclists and attacking pedestrians are on the rise. Elderly persons as well as children are the worst-hit and recently, an 8 year old girl was severely injured by a pack of dogs. The perceived magnanimity of the problem and inaction from government authorities have prompted vigilante groups to cull dogs in mass numbers. However, local NGOs have come out against such a practice of mass culling and are calling for stringent action against those killing stray dogs.\n(a) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\n(b) As the DM, suggest short-term and long-term measures to tackle the above issue.","","20"],[45,"10. You are a young officer posted as the Superintendent of Police (SP) in a district. You have received information that at a party some people were harassed by your subordinate police officer. On further inquiry, you came to know that two complaints have been filed - one by the police and the other by people who organised the party. According to the police, people had gathered without permission and were not following COVID-19 appropriate behaviour and social distancing norms. But on the other hand, the complaint filed by the party organisers says that police entered the private venue due to loud noise and harassed everyone at the party including women guests. According to them, your subordinate police officer even tore apart the document, which granted permission to organise the party. A video of this incident, showing your subordinate officer tearing off a document, is being widely circulated on social media platforms. Due to this, social activists want you to take strict action against your subordinate police officer.\n(a) Identify the ethical issues in the case.\n(b) What are the factors that can influence decision by competent authorities in such instances? Do you think mobilising public opinion through social media is a fair way to influence the decision in such cases?\n(c) As the SP, what will be your course of action in this situation?","20",""],[50,"11. As India's vaccination drive against the COVID-19 pandemic breaches the 100 crore inoculation mark, some of the most backward tribal districts of the country still remain unvaccinated. You are the new District Magistrate (DM) in one such tribal district. The vaccination drive has been unsuccessful in the district so far despite imminent threats of the virus. It is believed that the tribals of the district refuse to get vaccinated due to their personal beliefs regarding immunization. Further, the community doctor who works in geriatrics and has almost daily contact with members of the district, too has refused to be vaccinated based on his personal beliefs. This has made the people more adamant about their decision to remain unvaccinated. Additionally, rumours of a few deaths post-vaccination have spread in the district. There is also a high risk of rising cases in the nearby districts spilling over to your district. There is a dire need for assuaging the fear of people and extreme pressure on the administration to take action and conduct the vaccination drive smoothly.\n(a) What are the ethical issues in the given case?\n(b) As the DM in charge, what steps will you take to tackle the issues?\n(c) Discuss how persuasion can be used to convince people to voluntarily get vaccinated.","20",""],[55,"12. In India, there exists a huge gap between demand for organ transplants and available donors, both living and cadaver. Besides a lack of awareness on organ donation, the rise of non-communicable and lifestyle diseases, such as hypertension and diabetes have led to increased instances of organ failure, in turn putting even more pressure on the demand for vital organs. According to reports, an estimated four lakh people die in India every year waiting for an organ transplant. Other than the legal and administrative issues, there are various ethical issues related to organ donation and transplantation in India. Provide an account of these ethical issues in detail. Also, discuss how the gap between demand and supply of organs in India can be closed.","20",""]]},{"i":965,"t":"Gamini Singla","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1JYIjRo1NFCnsPPoxcE6fWuzQVE-RTbHA/view","q":[[3,"1. (a) Do laws need to be consistent with the prevalent moral norms? Discuss with examples.","10","150"],[4,"1. (a) Do laws need to be consistent with the prevalent moral norms? Discuss with examples.","10","150"],[6,"1. (b) \"People's indifference is the best breeding ground for corruption to grow\". Comment.","10","150"],[8,"2. (a) In the context of COVID-19 pandemic, discuss the importance of Emotional Intelligence among healthcare workers.","10","150"],[10,"2. (b) It is the 'spirit of service' that motivates a public servant to serve the country's interests and address people's issues. Discuss.","10","150"],[12,"3. (a) Ethics does its work in the world by granting and withdrawing legitimacy. Discuss in the context of role of ethics in international relations.","10","150"],[14,"3. (b) Sustainable growth of an organisation can result only by aligning its decisions to the interests of all stakeholders, not merely its shareholders. Do you agree? Justify with logical arguments.","10","150"],[16,"4. (a) Shri Lal Bahadur Shastri's life exemplifies value-driven public service of the highest order. What are the values one can learn from his life to be a good citizen and a good administrator?","10","150"],[18,"4. (b) There is a view that the institutional mechanisms to ensure accountability of civil servants have weakened over time. In this context, discuss the need of a social accountability law in India.","10","150"],[20,"5. (a) Why has anonymity of civil servants traditionally been seen as an important arrangement? In this context, discuss your opinion on the doctrine of facelessness in civil services.","10","150"],[22,"5. (b) In the age of social media, influencers have a huge following and have gained prominent marketing roles. In this context, discuss the ethical issues involved in influencer marketing.","10","150"],[24,"6 What do each of the following quotations mean to you?\n(a) Every man must decide whether he will walk in the light of creative altruism or the darkness of destructive selfishness. - Martin Luther King Jr.","10","150"],[26,"6. (b) Let us sacrifice our today so that our children can have a better tomorrow. - A.P.J. Abdul Kalam","10","150"],[28,"6. (c) I measure the progress of a community by the degree of progress which women have achieved. - B.R. Ambedkar","10","150"],[30,"7. You are a young officer posted as the Sub Divisional Magistrate in a district which houses factories for making match boxes and fire crackers. It is brought to your notice that a large number of children are working in these hazardous activities. The government had previously released a notification that owners of these manufacturing units need to report on the profiles of their employees annually to prevent child labour. These manufacturing units, abiding by the directives of the government, publish such reports annually and claim to have successfully put an end to employment of child labour. However, there are reports that these units are taking advantage of loopholes in the law. They are using contractors to continue to indirectly hire children without them officially being on the payroll of the units. Families of these child labourers are poor and see this as an essential source of income. An influential local politician also owns some of these manufacturing units and is known to put pressure on the officers involved for not taking any action against child labour.\n(a) Identify the stakeholders and ethical issues in this case.\n(b) How would you approach the problem and what would be the main elements of your action?\n(c) What medium to long-term measures will you propose to tackle the problem of child labour in the district?","20","around 250"],[35,"8 (a) What are the socio-economic problems that are widely attributed to alcoholism? (b) Do you think prohibiting liquor creates more problems than it proposes to solve? (c) Short of prohibition, what can be done to tackle the problem of rising alcoholism, particularly among the youth of the country?\na) What are the socio-economic problems that are widely attributed to alcoholism?\nb) Do you think prohibiting liquor creates more problems than it proposes to solve?\nc) Short of prohibition, what can be done to tackle the problem of rising alcoholism, particularly among the youth of the country?","20",""],[40,"9. You are posted as District Magistrate (DM) of a district where residents are facing the menace of stray dogs. Instances of dogs chasing two-wheelers, cyclists and attacking pedestrians are on the rise. Elderly persons as well as children are the worst-hit and recently, an 8 year old girl was severely injured by a pack of dogs. The perceived magnanimity of the problem and inaction from government authorities have prompted vigilante groups to cull dogs in mass numbers. However, local NGOs have come out against such a practice of mass culling and are calling for stringent action against those killing stray dogs.\n(a) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\n(b) As the DM, suggest short-term and long-term measures to tackle the above issue.","","20"],[45,"10. You are a young officer posted as the Superintendent of Police (SP) in a district. You have received information that at a party some people were harassed by your subordinate police officer. On further inquiry, you came to know that two complaints have been filed - one by the police and the other by people who organised the party. According to the police, people had gathered without permission and were not following COVID-19 appropriate behaviour and social distancing norms. But on the other hand, the complaint filed by the party organisers says that police entered the private venue due to loud noise and harassed everyone at the party including women guests. According to them, your subordinate police officer even tore apart the document, which granted permission to organise the party. A video of this incident, showing your subordinate officer tearing off a document, is being widely circulated on social media platforms. Due to this, social activists want you to take strict action against your subordinate police officer.\n(a) Identify the ethical issues in the case.\n(b) What are the factors that can influence decision by competent authorities in such instances? Do you think mobilising public opinion through social media is a fair way to influence the decision in such cases?\n(c) As the SP, what will be your course of action in this situation?","20",""],[50,"11. As India's vaccination drive against the COVID-19 pandemic breaches the 100 crore inoculation mark, some of the most backward tribal districts of the country still remain unvaccinated. You are the new District Magistrate (DM) in one such tribal district. The vaccination drive has been unsuccessful in the district so far despite imminent threats of the virus. It is believed that the tribals of the district refuse to get vaccinated due to their personal beliefs regarding immunization. Further, the community doctor who works in geriatrics and has almost daily contact with members of the district, too has refused to be vaccinated based on his personal beliefs. This has made the people more adamant about their decision to remain unvaccinated. Additionally, rumours of a few deaths post-vaccination have spread in the district. There is also a high risk of rising cases in the nearby districts spilling over to your district. There is a dire need for assuaging the fear of people and extreme pressure on the administration to take action and conduct the vaccination drive smoothly.\n(a) What are the ethical issues in the given case?\n(b) As the DM in charge, what steps will you take to tackle the issues?\n(c) Discuss how persuasion can be used to convince people to voluntarily get vaccinated.","20",""],[55,"12. In India, there exists a huge gap between demand for organ transplants and available donors, both living and cadaver. Besides a lack of awareness on organ donation, the rise of non-communicable and lifestyle diseases, such as hypertension and diabetes have led to increased instances of organ failure, in turn putting even more pressure on the demand for vital organs. According to reports, an estimated four lakh people die in India every year waiting for an organ transplant. Other than the legal and administrative issues, there are various ethical issues related to organ donation and transplantation in India.\n Provide an account of these ethical issues in detail.\n Also, discuss how the gap between demand and supply of organs in India can be closed.","20",""]]},{"i":966,"t":"Gamini Singla","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1rk_SdHGYcF5tmy2lgqFvKalQLv6UKTaK/view","q":[[5,"1. (a) Open Government Data (OGD) can be seen as a step towards greater transparency and accountability in India. In this context, discuss the benefits of OGD and the challenges which lie therein.","10","150"],[7,"1. (b) An important requisite for ensuring probity in governance is absence of corruption. Analyse.","10","150"],[9,"2. (a) Enumerate the decisive factors behind moral attitude. Also, discuss any incident from your life wherein you brought about a change in someone's attitude around an important social issue.","10","150"],[11,"2. (b) Highlighting the importance of whistle-blowing in an organisation, discuss the systemic factors that determine whether a person would become a whistle-blower.","10","150"],[13,"3. (a) Transparent governance promises an accountable state but a balance has to be achieved between disclosure requirements and administrative privileges for efficient governance. Discuss.","10","150"],[15,"3. (b) Citizen empowerment is a natural outcome of a Citizen's Charter. Critically evaluate in the Indian context.","10","150"],[17,"4. (a) Emotional Intelligence is an essential ingredient for successful implementation of pandemic induced emergency response. Comment in the light of COVID-19 pandemic.","10","150"],[19,"4. (b) Discretionary power by itself is not pure evil but gives much room for misuse. Discuss in the context of administration in India.","10","150"],[21,"5. (a) Explain the ethical issues involved in spending government funds for advertisement campaigns and publicity.","10","150"],[23,"5. (b) Explaining the concept of political neutrality, discuss its significance in administration. Also, highlight how the Central Civil Services (Conduct) Rules seek to ensure political neutrality in the civil services.","10","150"],[27,"6. (b) \"Strive not to be a success, but rather to be of value.\" - Albert Einstein","10","150"],[29,"6. (c) \"Virtue lies in our power, and similarly so does vice; because where it is in our power to act, it is also in our power not to act.\" — Aristotle","10","150"],[31,"7. Party X has a clear majority in the Lok Sabha. However, because of it falling short of majority in the Rajya Sabha, a large number of its bills are getting stalled in the Upper House. Elections of a key state are around the corner and the party desperately needs to win, for it to secure a majority in the Rajya Sabha. As part of its campaign strategy, the social media head of the party suggests an insidious strategy to make electoral gains. A part of the strategy involves sending out questionnaires online and promoting them using ads. The response filled by people to these online questionnaires will help reveal their key personality traits to the social media team of the party. These behavioral science insights would be important in helping candidates tailor their campaign messages according to the recipient's personality traits. However, because the content of the questionnaire is incendiary and polarizing, the social media team decides to use fake accounts to administer data collection on social media platforms to avoid getting penalised. In addition, the strategy also involves sending out provocative content through online ads and fake news reports. This goes against the spirit of free and fair elections and violates the Election Commission guidelines on multiple levels. As one of the key members of the social media team of the party, you have been entrusted with carrying out this campaign successfully.\n(a) What are the key ethical issues involved in this case.\n(b) What is the course of action you would take? Give reasons for your response in a situation like this?","20","in around 250"],[37,"8. You are an IPS officer on your first posting in a very poor and isolated rural area of one of the most backward states of the country. In your office complex, of which you are the incharge, there is a frequent sewage related problem, causing inconvenience to the employees in your office complex and severely affecting the efficiency of the workplace. It might also lead to health disorders and diseases such as cholera, diarrhoea etc. To resolve it, the cleaning workers are made to do manual scavenging work without due regards to their safety. Most of these workers are from marginalised castes and are discriminated against socially. You are aware of the laws banning manual scavenging and the loopholes around it. In this context, answer the following questions:\n(a) What are the issues which you need to address in this situation?\n(b) Present your course of action to deal with the given situation.","20",""],[42,"9. You have recently been posted as a District Development Officer in a traditionally rural area that has seen rapid economic development in the past few years. You notice that there is a huge disparity between the number of male and female children in the area. When you go to the hospital and check the birth registry, you realise that registered new-born babies are mostly males. On further investigation, you notice a similar pattern in the village primary school, which has more male students than females. When you raise the issue with your colleagues, they ignore it and carry on with their work. You suspect that the practice of female foeticide may be entrenched in the area as you had read about the issue in the context of this state while studying for the Civil Services Examination. It seems to you that respected members of the community like doctors, politicians and government officials have chosen to ignore the issue, given the prevalence of patriarchy and mind-set of voters in the area. Thus, despite rapid economic development, preference for male child continues to persist. Based on the information above, answer the following:\n(a) Do you have any ethical duty in this scenario? Justify your views.\n(b) What would be your next steps and why?","20",""],[47,"10. According to some reports, gambling and betting together, while illegal, have evolved into a multi-billion dollar industry in India with one estimate pegging the market at $60 billion. Added to this is the wide reach of cricket as a sport and the periodic cases of betting in it making to news. It has been suggested by some that making gambling and betting legal would resolve many issues and also contribute to the exchequer. On the other hand, there remains a strong opinion against doing so.\n(a) What is your opinion on the matter?\n(b) Also, identify the merits of the arguments in opposition to the stand you have taken.","20",""],[52,"11. You work as a marketing consultant for a multinational company that specializes in various products including nutrient supplements, diet pills etc. The company pays its employees extremely well and provides satisfactory fringe benefits. Your manager has hinted that he will recommend you for overseas company transfer, which will improve your job profile. This has motivated you to work harder and perform better. The company has to advertise and sell a new weight loss pill 'X'. As per in-company research, it has minimal or no side effects and has no adverse impacts on health, which is its unique selling point (USP). You are given the responsibility of heading the marketing team for advertising pill 'X'. Due to a well-crafted marketing strategy including endorsement by a renowned celebrity, the product has generated considerable public attention. However, while working on an advertisement campaign for the pill, you find out that the in-company research findings of pill 'X' are fabricated. While it indeed has no side-effects, there are no proven benefits of taking the pill as well. It merely acts as a placebo. When you bring up the issue with your manager, he promptly tells you to keep the facts to yourself. He also indirectly brings up the fact that your performance review date is approaching and hints that you will get transferred overseas if you prove your loyalty to the company. Based on the given information, address the following:\n(a) Identify the stakeholders in this situation.\n(b) State the ethical issues that arise in this case.\n(c) Discuss your options in this scenario and mention your next step.","20",""],[53,"दी गई जानकारी के आधार पर, निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर दीजिए:\n(a) इस स्थिति में हितधारकों की पहचान कीजिए।\n(b) इस प्रकरण में उत्पन्न होने वाले नैतिक मुद्दों का उल्लेेख कीजिए।\n(c) इस परिदृश्य में अपने विकल्पों की विवेचना कीजिए और अगला अगला कदम का उल्लेख कीजिए।","",""],[58,"12. There was an incident at a company wherein a fire broke out and led to a number of casualties. During the preliminary inquiry, one of the employees and bystander witnesses, specified that the company had taken all the safety measures and the management was not at fault. During litigation, the same employee was identified as a witness and his deposition was to be taken.\nThe issue is now in the court. You are a Senior Manager of the company and accompanying the said employee to the court for the deposition. On the way the employee tells you that he had lied during the inquiry; and that the truth was worse for the company than he had stated previously.\n(a) Identify the various ethical issues you would face in this situation.\n(b) What would you suggest the employee to do? Give reasons for your suggestions.","20",""],[65,"1. (a) Do laws need to be consistent with the prevalent moral norms? Discuss with examples.","10","150"],[66,"1. (a) Do laws need to be consistent with the prevalent moral norms? Discuss with examples.","10","150"],[68,"1. (b) \"People's indifference is the best breeding ground for corruption to grow\". Comment.","10","150"],[70,"2. (a) In the context of COVID-19 pandemic, discuss the importance of Emotional Intelligence among healthcare workers.","10","150"],[72,"2. (b) It is the 'spirit of service' that motivates a public servant to serve the country's interests and address people's issues. Discuss.","10","150"],[74,"3. (a) Ethics does its work in the world by granting and withdrawing legitimacy. Discuss in the context of role of ethics in international relations.","10","150"],[76,"3. (b) Sustainable growth of an organisation can result only by aligning its decisions to the interests of all stakeholders, not merely its shareholders. Do you agree? Justify with logical arguments.","10","150"],[78,"4. (a) Shri Lal Bahadur Shastri's life exemplifies value-driven public service of the highest order. What are the values one can learn from his life to be a good citizen and a good administrator?","10","150"],[80,"4. (b) There is a view that the institutional mechanisms to ensure accountability of civil servants have weakened over time. In this context, discuss the need of a social accountability law in India.","10","150"],[82,"5. (a) Why has anonymity of civil servants traditionally been seen as an important arrangement? In this context, discuss your opinion on the doctrine of facelessness in civil services.","10","150"],[84,"5. (b) In the age of social media, influencers have a huge following and have gained prominent marketing roles. In this context, discuss the ethical issues involved in influencer marketing.","10","150"],[86,"6. What do each of the following quotations mean to you?\n(a) Every man must decide whether he will walk in the light of creative altruism or the darkness of destructive selfishness. - Martin Luther King Jr.","10","150"],[88,"6. (b) Let us sacrifice our today so that our children can have a better tomorrow. - A.P.J. Abdul Kalam","10","150"],[90,"6. (c) I measure the progress of a community by the degree of progress which women have achieved. - B.R. Ambedkar","10","150"],[92,"7. You are a young officer posted as the Sub Divisional Magistrate in a district which houses factories for making match boxes and fire crackers. It is brought to your notice that a large number of children are working in these hazardous activities. The government had previously released a notification that owners of these manufacturing units need to report on the profiles of their employees annually to prevent child labour. These manufacturing units, abiding by the directives of the government, publish such reports annually and claim to have successfully put an end to employment of child labour. However, there are reports that these units are taking advantage of loopholes in the law. They are using contractors to continue to indirectly hire children without them officially being on the payroll of the units. Families of these child labourers are poor and see this as an essential source of income. An influential local politician also owns some of these manufacturing units and is known to put pressure on the officers involved for not taking any action against child labour.\n(a) Identify the stakeholders and ethical issues in this case.\n(b) How would you approach the problem and what would be the main elements of your action?\n(c) What medium to long-term measures will you propose to tackle the problem of child labour in the district?","20","around 250"],[97,"8 (a) What are the socio-economic problems that are widely attributed to alcoholism?\n(b) Do you think prohibiting liquor creates more problems than it proposes to solve?\n(c) Short of prohibition, what can be done to tackle the problem of rising alcoholism, particularly among the youth of the country?","20",""],[102,"9. You are posted as District Magistrate (DM) of a district where residents are facing the menace of stray dogs. Instances of dogs chasing two-wheelers, cyclists and attacking pedestrians are on the rise. Elderly persons as well as children are the worst-hit and recently, an 8 year old girl was severely injured by a pack of dogs. The perceived magnanimity of the problem and inaction from government authorities have prompted vigilante groups to cull dogs in mass numbers. However, local NGOs have come out against such a practice of mass culling and are calling for stringent action against those killing stray dogs.\n(a) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\n(b) As the DM, suggest short-term and long-term measures to tackle the above issue.","20",""],[107,"10. You are a young officer posted as the Superintendent of Police (SP) in a district. You have received information that at a party some people were harassed by your subordinate police officer. On further inquiry, you came to know that two complaints have been filed - one by the police and the other by people who organised the party. According to the police, people had gathered without permission and were not following COVID-19 appropriate behaviour and social distancing norms. But on the other hand, the complaint filed by the party organisers says that police entered the private venue due to loud noise and harassed everyone at the party including women guests. According to them, your subordinate police officer even tore apart the document, which granted permission to organise the party. A video of this incident, showing your subordinate officer tearing off a document, is being widely circulated on social media platforms. Due to this, social activists want you to take strict action against your subordinate police officer.\n(a) Identify the ethical issues in the case.\n(b) What are the factors that can influence decision by competent authorities in such instances? Do you think mobilising public opinion through social media is a fair way to influence the decision in such cases?\n(c) As the SP, what will be your course of action in this situation?","20",""],[112,"11. As India's vaccination drive against the COVID-19 pandemic breaches the 100 crore inoculation mark, some of the most backward tribal districts of the country still remain unvaccinated. You are the new District Magistrate (DM) in one such tribal district. The vaccination drive has been unsuccessful in the district so far despite imminent threats of the virus. It is believed that the tribals of the district refuse to get vaccinated due to their personal beliefs regarding immunization. Further, the community doctor who works in geriatrics and has almost daily contact with members of the district, too has refused to be vaccinated based on his personal beliefs. This has made the people more adamant about their decision to remain unvaccinated. Additionally, rumours of a few deaths post-vaccination have spread in the district. There is also a high risk of rising cases in the nearby districts spilling over to your district. There is a dire need for assuaging the fear of people and extreme pressure on the administration to take action and conduct the vaccination drive smoothly.\n(a) What are the ethical issues in the given case?\n(b) As the DM in charge, what steps will you take to tackle the issues?\n(c) Discuss how persuasion can be used to convince people to voluntarily get vaccinated.","20",""],[117,"12. In India, there exists a huge gap between demand for organ transplants and available donors, both living and cadaver. Besides a lack of awareness on organ donation, the rise of non-communicable and lifestyle diseases, such as hypertension and diabetes have led to increased instances of organ failure, in turn putting even more pressure on the demand for vital organs. According to reports, an estimated four lakh people die in India every year waiting for an organ transplant. Other than the legal and administrative issues, there are various ethical issues related to organ donation and transplantation in India. Provide an account of these ethical issues in detail. Also, discuss how the gap between demand and supply of organs in India can be closed.","20",""],[125,"1. (a) Open Government Data (OGD) can be seen as a step towards greater transparency and accountability in India. In this context, discuss the benefits of OGD and the challenges which lie therein.","10","150"],[127,"1. (b) An important requisite for ensuring probity in governance is absence of corruption. Analyse.","10","150"],[129,"2. (a) Enumerate the decisive factors behind moral attitude. Also, discuss any incident from your life wherein you brought about a change in someone's attitude around an important social issue.","10","150"],[131,"2. (b) Highlighting the importance of whistle-blowing in an organisation, discuss the systemic factors that determine whether a person would become a whistle-blower.","10","150"],[133,"3. (a) Transparent governance promises an accountable state but a balance has to be achieved between disclosure requirements and administrative privileges for efficient governance. Discuss.","10","150"],[135,"3. (b) Citizen empowerment is a natural outcome of a Citizen's Charter. Critically evaluate in the Indian context.","10","150"],[137,"4. (a) Emotional Intelligence is an essential ingredient for successful implementation of pandemic induced emergency response. Comment in the light of COVID-19 pandemic.","10","150"],[139,"4. (b) Discretionary power by itself is not pure evil but gives much room for misuse. Discuss in the context of administration in India.","10","150"],[141,"5. (a) Explain the ethical issues involved in spending government funds for advertisement campaigns and publicity.","10","150"],[143,"5. (b) Explaining the concept of political neutrality, discuss its significance in administration. Also, highlight how the Central Civil Services (Conduct) Rules seek to ensure political neutrality in the civil services.","10","150"],[147,"6. (b) \"Strive not to be a success, but rather to be of value.\" - Albert Einstein","10","150"],[149,"6. (c) \"Virtue lies in our power, and similarly so does vice; because where it is in our power to act, it is also in our power not to act.\" — Aristotle","10","150"],[151,"7. Party X has a clear majority in the Lok Sabha. However, because of it falling short of majority in the Rajya Sabha, a large number of its bills are getting stalled in the Upper House. Elections of a key state are around the corner and the party desperately needs to win, for it to secure a majority in the Rajya Sabha. As part of its campaign strategy, the social media head of the party suggests an insidious strategy to make electoral gains. A part of the strategy involves sending out questionnaires online and promoting them using ads. The response filled by people to these online questionnaires will help reveal their key personality traits to the social media team of the party. These behavioral science insights would be important in helping candidates tailor their campaign messages according to the recipient's personality traits. However, because the content of the questionnaire is incendiary and polarizing, the social media team decides to use fake accounts to administer data collection on social media platforms to avoid getting penalised. In addition, the strategy also involves sending out provocative content through online ads and fake news reports. This goes against the spirit of free and fair elections and violates the Election Commission guidelines on multiple levels.\n\nAs one of the key members of the social media team of the party, you have been entrusted with carrying out this campaign successfully.\n(a) What are the key ethical issues involved in this case.\n(b) What is the course of action you would take? Give reasons for your response in a situation like this?","20","in around 250"],[157,"8. You are an IPS officer on your first posting in a very poor and isolated rural area of one of the most backward states of the country. In your office complex, of which you are the incharge, there is a frequent sewage related problem, causing inconvenience to the employees in your office complex and severely affecting the efficiency of the workplace. It might also lead to health disorders and diseases such as cholera, diarrhoea etc. To resolve it, the cleaning workers are made to do manual scavenging work without due regards to their safety. Most of these workers are from marginalised castes and are discriminated against socially. You are aware of the laws banning manual scavenging and the loopholes around it. In this context, answer the following questions:\n(a) What are the issues which you need to address in this situation?\n(b) Present your course of action to deal with the given situation.","20",""],[162,"9. You have recently been posted as a District Development Officer in a traditionally rural area that has seen rapid economic development in the past few years. You notice that there is a huge disparity between the number of male and female children in the area. When you go to the hospital and check the birth registry, you realise that registered new-born babies are mostly males. On further investigation, you notice a similar pattern in the village primary school, which has more male students than females. When you raise the issue with your colleagues, they ignore it and carry on with their work. You suspect that the practice of female foeticide may be entrenched in the area as you had read about the issue in the context of this state while studying for the Civil Services Examination. It seems to you that respected members of the community like doctors, politicians and government officials have chosen to ignore the issue, given the prevalence of patriarchy and mind-set of voters in the area. Thus, despite rapid economic development, preference for male child continues to persist. Based on the information above, answer the following:\n(a) Do you have any ethical duty in this scenario? Justify your views.\n(b) What would be your next steps and why?","20",""],[167,"10. According to some reports, gambling and betting together, while illegal, have evolved into a multi-billion dollar industry in India with one estimate pegging the market at $60 billion. Added to this is the wide reach of cricket as a sport and the periodic cases of betting in it making to news. It has been suggested by some that making gambling and betting legal would resolve many issues and also contribute to the exchequer. On the other hand, there remains a strong opinion against doing so.\n(a) What is your opinion on the matter?\n(b) Also, identify the merits of the arguments in opposition to the stand you have taken.","20",""],[172,"11. You work as a marketing consultant for a multinational company that specializes in various products including nutrient supplements, diet pills etc. The company pays its employees extremely well and provides satisfactory fringe benefits. Your manager has hinted that he will recommend you for overseas company transfer, which will improve your job profile. This has motivated you to work harder and perform better. The company has to advertise and sell a new weight loss pill 'X'. As per in-company research, it has minimal or no side effects and has no adverse impacts on health, which is its unique selling point (USP). You are given the responsibility of heading the marketing team for advertising pill 'X'. Due to a well-crafted marketing strategy including endorsement by a renowned celebrity, the product has generated considerable public attention. However, while working on an advertisement campaign for the pill, you find out that the in-company research findings of pill 'X' are fabricated. While it indeed has no side-effects, there are no proven benefits of taking the pill as well. It merely acts as a placebo. When you bring up the issue with your manager, he promptly tells you to keep the facts to yourself. He also indirectly brings up the fact that your performance review date is approaching and hints that you will get transferred overseas if you prove your loyalty to the company. Based on the given information, address the following:\n(a) Identify the stakeholders in this situation.\n(b) State the ethical issues that arise in this case.\n(c) Discuss your options in this scenario and mention your next step.","20",""],[173,"दी गई जानकारी के आधार पर, निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर दीजिए:\n(a) इस स्थिति में हितधारकों की पहचान कीजिए।\n(b) इस प्रकरण में उत्पन्न होने वाले नैतिक मुद्दों का उल्लेख कीजिए।\n(c) इस परिदृश्य में अपने विकल्पों की विवेचना कीजिए और अपने अगले कदम का उल्लेख कीजिए।","",""],[178,"12. There was an incident at a company wherein a fire broke out and led to a number of casualties. During the preliminary inquiry, one of the employees and bystander witnesses, specified that the company had taken all the safety measures and the management was not at fault. During litigation, the same employee was identified as a witness and his deposition was to be taken. The issue is now in the court. You are a Senior Manager of the company and accompanying the said employee to the court for the deposition. On the way the employee tells you that he had lied during the inquiry and that the truth was worse for the company than he had stated previously.\n(a) Identify the various ethical issues you would face in this situation.\n(b) What would you suggest the employee to do? Give reasons for your suggestions.","20",""],[188,"1. (a) Explain the concept of Sarvodaya with the help of examples from the lives of prominent personalities. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[190,"1. (b) The life and teachings of Guru Nanak presents a template for leading a life within the corridors of ethics and values. Discuss. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[192,"2. (a) There is no 'invisible hand' channeling self-interest into some social optimum. In this context, the State has an integral role to play in making available essential public goods and services, despite the increasing pace of privatization. Do you agree? Justify with examples from India.","10","150"],[194,"2. (b) Even though the state actors who make rules and implement them have an important role to play in the fight against corruption, the battle is not likely to succeed without the active efforts of various segments of society. Discuss.","10","150"],[196,"3. (a) What do you understand by Social Intelligence? Discuss its various components and explain how it is different from Emotional Intelligence.","10","150"],[198,"3. (b) Ethical behaviour is the best not merely in the context of morality, but it is also the best in the context of one's own career prospects. Discuss in the context of civil services in India. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[200,"4. (a) The press is an important agent in ensuring the citizen's right to receive and impart information as a measure of probity in governance. In this context, do you think that the press in India discharges its duty honestly? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[202,"4. (b) The failure to deliver on its promises by Citizen's Charters in the last two decades has shown that there are some complex set of factors underlying this seemingly simple task. What are they? Identify and provide their resolution.","10","150"],[204,"5. (a) Medical ethics is particularly relevant in decisions regarding involuntary treatment and involuntary commitment. In view of this, highlighting the importance of medical ethics, discuss the issues in its implementation. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[206,"5. (b) The fundamental principle in a democracy is that all public functionaries are trustees of the people and this trusteeship relationship requires that the authority entrusted to the functionaries be exercised in 'public interest'. Discuss.","10","Answer in 150"],[208,"6 (a) What do each of the following quotations mean to you?\n(a) \"If you are neutral in situations of injustice, you have chosen the side of the oppressor.\" - Desmond Tutu (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[210,"6. (b) \"Disobedience is the true foundation of liberty. The obedient must be slaves.\" - Henry David Thoreau (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[212,"6. (c) \"That which isn't good for the hive, isn't good for the bee\"- Marcus Aurelius (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[214,"7 You are a Superintendent of Police tasked with conducting an internal departmental inquiry into an alleged case of custodial torture and subsequent disappearance of three tribal persons. The case of the police force is that these persons were habitual offenders who had committed theft. The police had nabbed them for interrogation but they escaped from the police custody and are absconding. Family members of these persons, on the other hand, maintain that they were falsely framed in the case and were not in a condition to flee due to custodial torture. They are alleging foul play on the part of the police and suspect that the police is behind their disappearance. Prima facie, you find many lacunae in the police investigation. The policemen did not produce these persons before the Magistrate nor did they get them medically examined, as required by the law. One of your seniors, without referring to the case, informally talks to you about the adverse working conditions of the police force and insinuates that all police personnel should help each other. He also says that all serving officers need to be mindful of the fact that they are part of the police force and should not do anything which may tarnish the reputation of the police department.\n(a) Identify the stakeholders and various issues involved in the case.\n(b) How will you conduct a fair and impartial inquiry that ensures that public perception regarding cover-up in such cases does not gain ground?\n(c) Highlight the reasons for the continuing impunity of custodial deaths in India, and recommend steps that authorities should take to resolve it. (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[219,"(a) What are the ethical issues involved in the direct recruitment of industry professionals in important government positions?\n(b) Do you think a longer mandatory cooling off period for government officials before they join private firms can help in addressing some of the issues? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[224,"9 Based on the above case, answer the following questions:\n(a) What are the ethical issues in the above case?\n(b) Can customers of the company be expected to take into account such practices before buying any product of the company?\n(c) If the management were to seek your opinion on the matter, what course of action will you suggest? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[225,"(a) Ethical issues involved in the case:\n(i) Business ethics erosion vs profit Motives\n(ii) Abysmal condition of worker that goes against human rights.\n(iii) Issue of child labour which is against rule of law.\n(iv) Social responsibility of the company towards the employees and society.\n(v) Exploitation of workers through middleman.\n(vi) Threat to life of persons working in mines.","",""],[229,"You are posted as the Sub-Divisional Magistrate in a backward district. Recently, a young couple belonging to different castes eloped from the village belonging to your sub-division. They wanted to marry but the caste conflict prevailing in the village was a big hurdle for them. So, they planned to get married secretly and then come back to the village. On account of their elopement, the girl's family, which belongs to the dominant landlord caste, filed a case of kidnapping against the boy and have riled up the villagers against him and his family. After their return to the village, the couple meet you before meeting their family members. On account of your official position, they request you to convince their family members and other members of the village to accept them. The village has witnessed many caste conflicts and honour killings in the past on account of such incidents and the present matter may aggravate caste-related tensions. Under these circumstances, answer the following questions:\n(a) Identify the stakeholders and associated issues in the given case.\n(b) What are the options that you have? Highlight your course of action and give suitable justification for the same. (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[234,"11 In this context, answer the following questions:\n(a) What are the ethical concerns in allowing the operation of educational institutions on a profit motivation?\n(b) Is the most important role of education preparing people for gainful employment or should education and knowledge be appreciated for their own sake?\n(c) Discuss various ways in which value-based education can be instilled. (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[239,"Beggars are a common sight at traffic junctions and places of worship across cities in India. They are labelled as nuisance makers who often harass commuters and devotees by relentlessly pestering for money. Recently, an appeal was made in the Supreme Court to end this practice by putting a ban on begging in the national capital. However, human rights groups have advocated that banning begging is not the ideal way to end it, as the underlying socio-economic issues that lead to begging remain unresolved. In this context:\n(a) Bring out the moral and ethical concerns pertaining to begging in India.\n(b) Discuss the factors that pushes an individual to opt for begging.\n(c) If you pass by a beggar, what will you do - give your money to a beggar or ignore the beggar and give your spare money instead to charities that assist the most needy? Give logical reasons in support of your answer. (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[247,"1. (a) Open Government Data (OGD) can be seen as a step towards greater transparency and accountability in India. In this context, discuss the benefits of OGD and the challenges which lie therein.","10","150"],[249,"1. (b) \"While corruption is never good, not all forms of corruption are equally bad for the economy, nor do they cause the same kind of harm.\" Critically analyse the statement in the context of India.","10","150"],[251,"2. (a) Probity in governance is an essential and vital requirement for an efficient and effective system of governance and for socio-economic development. Discuss. Also, state ways to enhance probity in governance.","10","150"],[253,"2. (b) Highlighting the importance of whistle-blowing in an organisation, discuss the systemic factors that determine whether a person would become a whistle-blower.","10","150"],[255,"3. What do each of the following quotations mean to you?\n(a) \"Strive not to be a success, but rather to be of value.\" - Albert Einstein","10","150"],[257,"3. (b) \"Facts are many, but the truth is one.\" - Rabindranath Tagore","10","150"],[259,"4. (a) Analyze the significance of appointing ethics officers in the light of strengthening corporate governance in India.","10","150"],[261,"4. (b) Transparent governance promises an accountable state but a balance has to be achieved between disclosure requirements and administrative privileges for efficient governance. Discuss.","10","150"],[263,"5. (a) Citizen empowerment is a natural outcome of a Citizen Charter. Critically evaluate in the Indian context.","10","150"],[265,"5. (b) Discretionary power by itself is not pure evil but gives much room for misuse. Discuss in the context of administration in India.","10","150"],[267,"6. (a) Emotional Intelligence is an important trait to imbibe in a highly competitive and achievement-oriented environment. Elucidate.","10","150"],[269,"6. (b) Emotional Intelligence is an essential ingredient for successful implementation of pandemic induced emergency response. Comment in the light of COVID-19 pandemic.","10","150"],[271,"6. (c) Enumerate the decisive factors behind moral attitude. Also, discuss any incident from your life wherein you brought about a change in someone's attitude around an important social issue.","10","150"],[273,"7. You are a single mother and work as a school counsellor for the psychological well-being of primary and secondary school children at a reputed school. Recently, you have found through your interactions that several students have been facing emotional trauma and mental health issues. Realising the gravity of the situation you want to discuss this with the school authorities and the board of trustees and come up with an advanced plan that can help parents get better involved. However, during the meeting, concerns are raised regarding your findings and the lack of supporting evidence is also cited by some. Moreover, senior members who are present express a sense of displeasure at what this might mean for the reputation of the school.\n\nYou are thoroughly appalled with this approach of the school authorities, yet you are mired down in your own financial circumstances.\n\nOn the basis of the above situation, answer the following:\n(a) Identify the most relevant stakeholders in the case.\n(b) What are the dilemmas in the case?\n(c) Discuss how stigmatisation of mental health issues can be addressed in schools.","20","in around 250"],[278,"8. You are an IPS officer on your first posting in a very poor and isolated rural area of one of the most backward states of the country. In your office complex, of which you are the incharge, there is a frequent sewage related problem, causing inconvenience to the employees in your office complex and severely affecting the efficiency of the workplace. It might also lead to health disorders and diseases such as cholera, diarrhoea etc.\n\nTo resolve it, the cleaning workers are made to do manual scavenging work without due regards to their safety. Most of these workers are from marginalised castes and are discriminated against socially. You are aware of the laws banning manual scavenging and the loopholes around it. In this context, answer the following questions:\n(a) What are the issues which you need to address in this situation?\n(b) Present your course of action to deal with the given situation.","20",""],[285,"12. You are the Superintendent of Police of a city where a large slum has developed in recent decades on the property of Indian Railways. The Indian Railways has prepared a plan for expansion of the city railway station for which they want to get the slums demolished. They have requested the assistance of local police for the same, however, the people residing in those slums have responded angrily to this step and have occupied the railway tracks, resisting any action by the officials. Slum dwellers are asking for a suitable rehabilitation, citing that the city is under the grip of a cold wave as the month of December is in progress. This has not only halted the railway traffic on the route causing immense hardships to railway passengers but also posing risk of violence between slum-dwellers and the police.\nGiven the situation\n(a) Identify various issues involved in the case along with different stakeholders.\n(b) What course of action would you follow to end this situation of confrontation and resume normal functioning of the Railways?","20",""],[290,"11. You are posted as the District Magistrate in a district, which has witnessed communal clashes in recent years. The lower court has given a verdict in favour of a person from the minority community who seeks demolition of a religious building situated in his personal property. The district administration has been instructed to fulfil this verdict. Despite the judicial verdict, there is some anger simmering in the people from the majority community regarding this verdict. Some groups have demonstrated protests against the verdict and publicly warned of serious consequences if the verdict is allowed to be implemented. Local politicians are also supporting them and are taking advantage of the situation for political gains. You have three days left to demolish the religious building as per the court's direction.\n\nGiven the situation, answer the following:\n(a) Identify the stakeholders in the given situation and their respective interests.\n(b) Highlight the options available to you and the course of action you will take, giving reasons for the same.","20",""],[295,"10. Party X has a clear majority in the Lok Sabha. However, because of it falling short of majority in the Rajya Sabha, a large number of its bills are getting stalled in the Upper House. Elections of a key state are around the corner and the party desperately needs to win, for it to secure a majority in the Rajya Sabha. As part of its campaign strategy, the social media head of the party suggests an insidious strategy to make electoral gains. A part of the strategy involves sending out questionnaires online and promoting them using ads. The response filled by people to these online questionnaires will help reveal their key personality traits to the social media team of the party. These behavioral science insights would be important in helping candidates tailor their campaign messages according to the recipient's personality traits. However, because the content of the questionnaire is incendiary and polarizing, the social media team decides to use fake accounts to administer data collection on social media platforms to avoid getting penalised. In addition, the strategy also involves sending out provocative content through online ads and fake news reports. This goes against the spirit of free and fair elections and violates the Election Commission guidelines on multiple levels.\n\nAs one of the key members of the social media team of the party, you have been entrusted with carrying out this campaign successfully.\n(a) What are the key ethical issues involved in this case.\n(b) What is the course of action you would take? Give reasons for your response in a situation like this?","20",""],[300,"9. You have recently been posted as a District Development Officer in a traditionally rural area that has seen rapid economic development in the past few years. You notice that there is a huge disparity between the number of male and female children in the area. When you go to the hospital and check the birth registry, you realise that registered new-born babies are mostly males. On further investigation, you notice a similar pattern in the village primary school, which has more male students than females.\n\nWhen you raise the issue with your colleagues, they ignore it and carry on with their work. You suspect that the practice of female foeticide may be entrenched in the area as you had read about the issue in the context of this state while studying for the Civil Services Examination. It seems to you that respected members of the community like doctors, politicians and government officials have chosen to ignore the issue, given the prevalence of patriarchy and mind-set of voters in the area. Thus, despite rapid economic development, preference for male child continues to persist.\n\nBased on the information above, answer the following:\n(a) Do you have any ethical duty in this scenario? Justify your views.\n(b) What would be your next steps and why?","20",""],[310,"Ans 2 A Problems with dichotomy between personal and public ethics:","",""],[333,"B) Merits of argument in opposition to my stance:","",""],[340,"1. (a) Administration discretion can be a blessing if used correctly, however its misuse can prove to be a curse. Discuss with examples.","10","150"],[342,"1. (b) There is a view that corrupt practices have been socially accepted in India. How can this 'acceptance' be shifted to 'rejection' towards corruption?","10","150"],[344,"2. (a) Ethical business practices are key for long-term survival of a company. Comment.","10","150"],[345,"Why ethical practices are key for long term survival of the company.","",""],[346,"2. (b) Law succeeds in encouraging ethical behaviour in a society only when it is backed by conscience of its individuals. Discuss.","10","150"],[347,"How law fails when not backed by conscience","",""],[348,"3. Given below are quotations of moral thinkers/philosophers. Bring out what they mean to you in the present context:\n(a) Our lives begin to end the day we become silent about things that matter. Martin Luther King Jr.","10","150"],[350,"3. (b) In law a man is guilty when he violates the rights of others. In ethics he is guilty if he only thinks of doing so. Immanuel Kant","10","150"],[352,"4. (a) What do you understand by Social Intelligence? Discuss its relation with the Emotional Intelligence of an individual.","10","150"],[354,"4. (b) While code of conduct presents a structure to organized values, code of ethics gives a foundation to that structure. Examine.","10","150"],[355,"How ethics gives foundation to the structure made by code of conduct","",""],[356,"5. (a) According to Buddhism, for a man to be perfect there are two qualities that he should develop equally: compassion (karuna) on one side, and wisdom (panna) on the other. Analyse.","10","150"],[358,"5. (b) The life of Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam presents a broad range of lessons and virtues to be learnt by public servants in India. Discuss.","10","150"],[360,"6. Identify which essential information should be made available to the public via Citizen's Charter? Also, suggest some steps for successful implementation of the Citizen's Charter.","10","150"],[362,"7. Respect for human rights and humanitarian principles is a responsibility for all members of the international community. Discuss in the context of roles and responsibilities of States for protection of refugees.","10","150"],[364,"8. What is red-tapism? Why is it considered a hurdle in the process of transitioning towards citizen centric governance?","10","150"],[366,"9. Given the rising tide of Covid induced fatalities, the government is under extreme pressure to deliver some vaccine to the population. You are the Cabinet Secretary to the Government of India. You are heading the committee to oversee the process of vaccine development and distribution to fight against the Covid outbreak in the country. You have been asked to expedite the process and come up with a solution at the earliest.\n\nSome vaccines are available around the globe, but they are in limited supply and also expensive. One of the indigenously developed vaccine has shown initial positive results, but health experts have raised concerns over its safety, efficacy and the methodology being followed for its approval. Other promising vaccines under development, following a rigorous methodology, may take months to enter the market. In this context:\n(a) What are the critical issues involved in the case?\n(b) Explain, with relevant reasons, the course of action that you would take.","20","in around 250"],[371,"10. Literacy levels have been increasing in India over the past few decades, and the literacy rate was found to be 74.04 per cent after the 2011 census. Though this increase in literacy rate seems like a very great accomplishment, it is a matter of concern that still so many people in India cannot even read and write. Children are going to school but not learning much beyond \"floor level tasks\".\n\nMoreover, the higher literacy level has not resulted in better human values and this is manifested in the troubled atmosphere in the society at large. This failure of the education system to reform human behavior is troubling for a young democracy, like India. Given this situation, answer the following:\n(a) What role is education expected to play in reforming human behaviour and inculcating human values?\n(b) Do you think only the government is responsible for this state of the education system? If not, identify the stakeholders who should press for a change in the education system in this regard.","20",""],[376,"11. Problems surrounding air pollution present an urgent challenge for many countries, including India. Among other reasons, this challenge has been exacerbated by the indifferent attitude of people towards it. Various studies have pointed out the harmful effects of air pollution. Despite the government bringing various regulations on activities like stubble burning and bursting fire crackers, people violate them.\n(a) Discuss the reasons behind such behaviour on part of society towards air pollution.\n(b) Suggest measures that are required to be undertaken to nudge people towards pro-environment behaviour.","20",""],[377,"A) Reasons behind indifferent attitude on part of society","",""],[381,"12. In recent times, social media has emerged as an important platform for all to share their information and opinions. Many civil servants are also quite active on the social media. Given this situation, there have been calls to revise or update the Civil Services Conduct Rules.\n\nSuppose you are a senior IAS officer who is heading a panel set up by the government to bring suitable changes in the conduct rules. Elaborate on how you will respond to the following questions:\n(a) What are the issues with a civil servant expressing his/her views on social media on various matters?\n(b) Should criticism of government policies on social media by civil servants be allowed?\n(c) How should civil servants conduct themselves on social media?","20",""],[384,"c) How civil servants must conduct themselves on social media","",""],[386,"13 Economic growth has been the primary goal of economic policies, and the principal measure of an economy's success. In the last few decades, economic growth benefitted mankind in multiple ways. But alongside these benefits, it has also generated significant issues and a series of converging challenges. In light of this, answer the following:\n(a) What was the rationale behind GDP growth being considered the pillar of economic policies the world over in the past few decades?\n(b) Explain the need to go beyond GDP growth and reassess our measures of development. Identify some of the components that need to be complemented with GDP growth going forward.","20",""],[387,"A Rationale behind GDP growth being considered the pillar of economic policies","",""],[391,"14. The Covid-19 pandemic is far from over but governments across the world appear to have either relaxed lockdown parameters or will do so soon. Containing Covid and restoring our economies requires not just good policy decisions and medical advice; it also needs continued compliance with the recommended behavioural changes. Daunting as they may seem, the drastic changes in behaviour being called for, can indeed be brought about. Answer the following in this regard:\n(a) Why is behavioural change seen to be desirable in a country like India, when it is faced with a pandemic of the kind of Covid-19?\n(b) What role have different stakeholders in India been playing in helping communities adhere to the desired behaviour?\n(c) Discuss the challenges in bringing about behavioural change, particularly in such an environment of anxiety and uncertainties.","20",""],[392,"A) Why Behavioral change is desirable in a country like India","",""],[398,"1. (a) Do laws need to be consistent with the prevalent moral norms? Discuss with examples.","10","150"],[400,"1. (b) \"People's indifference is the best breeding ground for corruption to grow\". Comment.","10","150"],[402,"2. (a) In the context of COVID-19 pandemic, discuss the importance of Emotional Intelligence among healthcare workers.","10","150"],[404,"2. (b) It is the 'spirit of service' that motivates a public servant to serve the country's interests and address people's issues. Discuss.","10","150"],[406,"3. (a) Ethics does its work in the world by granting and withdrawing legitimacy. Discuss in the context of role of ethics in international relations.","10","150"],[408,"3. (b) Sustainable growth of an organisation can result only by aligning its decisions to the interests of all stakeholders, not merely its shareholders. Do you agree? Justify with logical arguments.","10","150"],[410,"4. (a) Shri Lal Bahadur Shastri's life exemplifies value-driven public service of the highest order. What are the values one can learn from his life to be a good citizen and a good administrator?","10","150"],[412,"4. (b) There is a view that the institutional mechanisms to ensure accountability of civil servants have weakened over time. In this context, discuss the need of a social accountability law in India.","10","150"],[414,"5. (a) Why has anonymity of civil servants traditionally been seen as an important arrangement? In this context, discuss your opinion on the doctrine of facelessness in civil services.","10","150"],[416,"5. (b) In the age of social media, influencers have a huge following and have gained prominent marketing roles. In this context, discuss the ethical issues involved in influencer marketing.","10","150"],[418,"6. What do each of the following quotations mean to you?\n(a) Every man must decide whether he will walk in the light of creative altruism or the darkness of destructive selfishness. – Martin Luther King Jr.","10","150"],[420,"6. (b) Let us sacrifice our today so that our children can have a better tomorrow. – A.P.J. Abdul Kalam","10","150"],[422,"6. (c) I measure the progress of a community by the degree of progress which women have achieved. – B.R. Ambedkar","10","150"],[424,"7 You are a young officer posted as the Sub Divisional Magistrate in a district which houses factories for making match boxes and fire crackers. It is brought to your notice that a large number of children are working in these hazardous activities. The government had previously released a notification that owners of these manufacturing units need to report on the profiles of their employees annually to prevent child labour. These manufacturing units, abiding by the directives of the government, publish such reports annually and claim to have successfully put an end to employment of child labour. However, there are reports that these units are taking advantage of loopholes in the law. They are using contractors to continue to indirectly hire children without them officially being on the payroll of the units. Families of these child labourers are poor and see this as an essential source of income. An influential local politician also owns some of these manufacturing units and is known to put pressure on the officers involved for not taking any action against child labour.\n(a) Identify the stakeholders and ethical issues in this case.\n(b) How would you approach the problem and what would be the main elements of your action?\n(c) What medium to long-term measures will you propose to tackle the problem of child labour in the district?","20","in around 250"],[426,"b Approach and main elements of my action","",""],[429,"8. Many states in India have experimented with prohibition of liquor at various times. However, it is common knowledge that many such states have a thriving illegal liquor industry. Moreover, it is ironical that while many political parties have prohibition prominently mentioned in their manifestos, it is politicians who distribute alcohol among voters during their election campaigns. This also gives rise to illicit liquor trade and many people lose their lives to it.\n(a) What are the socio-economic problems that are widely attributed to alcoholism?\n(b) Do you think prohibiting liquor creates more problems than it proposes to solve?\n(c) Short of prohibition, what can be done to tackle the problem of rising alcoholism, particularly among the youth of the country?","20",""],[433,"c) Steps to tackle problem of rising alcoholism particularly among youth","",""],[447,"c) How persuasion can be used to convince people to get vaccinated","",""],[449,"12. In India, there exists a huge gap between demand for organ transplants and available donors, both living and cadaver. Besides a lack of awareness on organ donation, the rise of non-communicable and lifestyle diseases, such as hypertension and diabetes have led to increased instances of organ failure, in turn putting even more pressure on the demand for vital organs. According to reports, an estimated four lakh people die in India every year waiting for an organ transplant. Other than the legal and administrative issues, there are various ethical issues related to organ donation and transplantation in India. Provide an account of these ethical issues in detail. Also, discuss how the gap between demand and supply of organs in India can be closed.","20",""],[456,"1. (a) Man is not only a product of his environment but can also modify the environment. Do you agree with this view? Justify your answer with suitable examples.","10","150"],[458,"1. (b) Though it may seem that accountability and efficiency are antithetical to each other, accountability is a sine qua non for good governance. Discuss.","10","150"],[460,"2. (a) Gandhian ideals can be of immense help in dealing with the Covid-19 pandemic. Evaluate.","10","150"],[462,"2. (b) While civil servants have the legal right to undertake post-retirement jobs, it raises key ethical issues. Comment.","10","150"],[464,"3. Given below are quotations of moral thinkers/philosophers. Bring out what they mean to you in the present context:\n(a) Try not to become a man of success but rather try to become a man of value. Albert Einstein","10","150"],[466,"3. (b) Having knowledge of an unethical act and allowing it to continue can spread a contagion that can affect multiple beings in society. Bertrand Russell","10","150"],[468,"4. (a) When people use a common resource without a coordinated plan the result is often a tragedy of the commons in which the resource is depleted. In this context, discuss the various ethical challenges arising out of utilization of Global Commons.","10","150"],[470,"4. (b) While a code of conduct merely establishes minimal standards of conduct, a better strategy to promote ethical work culture is through internalization of values. Discuss.","10","150"],[472,"5. (a) A state that does not have the political will and the discipline to enforce probity in governance, can not get rid of the menace of prolonged corruption. Discuss.","10","150"],[474,"5. (b) India cannot march successfully in to the 21st century with the administrative system having a colonial mindset. Discuss in context of the bureaucratic work culture in India.","10","150"],[476,"6. Which corporate leader has inspired you the most and what moral lessons have you learnt from their life?","10","150"],[478,"7. Increasing participation of people in governance and easy access to information is what transforms governance to good governance. Elaborate.","10","150"],[480,"8. It is sometimes believed that moral scrupulousness in one's private life automatically guarantees high moral stature in professional life. Do you agree? Justify your stand with logical arguments.","10","150"],[482,"9. You are working as a District Magistrate in an aspirational district where women literacy and sex ratio is one of the lowest in the country. It is brought to your notice that a woman who has been elected as 'Sarpanch' on a seat reserved for women candidates in a panchayat in your district is head 'only on the paper'. All the work related to the panchayat is actually carried out by her husband. Even the flag hoisting ceremony on Independence Day is carried out by her husband. However, her husband happens to be a good administrator as indicated by that panchayat's performance on various developmental parameters as compared to other panchayats in the district. Also, her husband enjoys the support of the local people. Given the situation, answer the following:\n(a) Identify the stakeholders and issues involved in this case?\n(b) What options are available to you as the District Magistrate in such a scenario? Also, evaluate each option and indicate what option will you choose.","20","in around 250"],[487,"10. The issues confronting humanity are multifaceted - from political conflicts and human rights abuses to pandemics and climate change. They are not contained within national borders, nor do they fit into the silos of separate government agencies or academic specialties. What is required is greater international cooperation, mutual respect, abiding by international laws and participative global decision-making.\n(a) What do you think are the factors hindering collective actions?\n(b) Provide a case for the moral obligation of the international community to come together and find solutions to the problems we face.\n(c) What should be the principles guiding such international cooperation?","20",""],[492,"11. You are posted as Superintendent of Police in a district. A case has come up in which more than 30 girls were allegedly raped and sexually exploited at the city shelter home run by an NGO. The scandal came to light when media flagged complaints of sexual abuse of inmates of the city shelter home. A nexus of police, politicians, administration and criminals have been allegedly responsible for the racket going on for the last few years. In light of this, a lot of protests have erupted across the city. While, on one hand, media glare has meant that people are demanding swift action, you have been asked to go slow in investigating the case by top officers in your department. Elections in the state are due in a few months, so it has become a politically sensitive issue. You are also under immense political pressure from the ruling party to not take strict action and make compromises to cover up the case. Given the situation, answer the following:\n(a) Identify the issues involved in the case.\n(b) What are the options available to you? Which of these options will you choose? Justify your stand with logical arguments.","20",""],[493,"a) issues involved in case","",""],[497,"12. Being the senior-most IAS officer, you are in line to be promoted as Chief Secretary after the incumbent retires in the next two months. Currently, you are heading the Public Works Department (PWD) and a road construction project worth crores has been opened for tender. A company X belonging to the son-in-law of the incumbent Chief Minister has also applied for the same. The director in charge of the screening process, a young IAS officer, has reported that company Y and the state PSU have submitted the best bids. Both you and the director are facing political pressure to favour the company X. The young IAS officer may be demoralised if you give in to the pressure. But if you don't give in then he may be transferred and your chances of promotion may also suffer. In light of the situation, answer the following:\n(a) Discuss the ethical issues faced by you in the given case.\n(b) What are the options available to you? Which of these options will you choose? Justify your stand with logical arguments.","20",""],[502,"13. As the head of the Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV), you are tasked to complete the construction of a power plant. The project needs to be completed expeditiously to fulfill the promise made by the government to ensure access to power for all. The selected site is in a remote area and is ideal for plant construction. However, the project would require relocation of the people living in the vicinity. Initially, the local community objected to disruption in their lives but were convinced later about the economic benefits that would accrue to the region through this plant. The project had started gathering pace, but recently a local NGO working for environment protection got involved with the local community regarding the issue. And now the local community has started protesting against any developmental activity in the region.\nAs the officer-in-charge for the speedy execution of the project, answer the following:\n(a) What are the issues involved in this case?\n(b) What course of action will you take and why?","20",""],[507,"14. Genetic editing has several applications with its potential to edit the genomes of both somatic and germ cells. This allows for the ability to not only cure genetic diseases but to edit the characteristics of future offspring. The last few years have seen the development of several efficient, more precise genetic engineering techniques. However, with growing sophistication, various issues of bioethics have also have come to the forefront.\n(a) Discuss the ethical considerations associated with genome editing.\n(b) In the light of these ethical issues, provide an ethical framework on how this technology can be used for the betterment of humanity.","20",""],[510,"b) Ethical framework for use of this technology","",""]]},{"i":967,"t":"Garima Lohia","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1WfVCmP3K4kfuFPL7dDKVAuurK3buL8I4/view","q":[[4,"(b) Recent overturning of Roe vs Wade judgement has sparked off the Prolife vs Prochoice debate on abortion.\n1) Is it the right of the mother to kill an unborn without his consent?\n2) When do you consider life has begun - on conception, on 24 weeks, or after birth?\n3) Who should have the final say - the mother, doctors or the court?\n4) What should be done if pregnancy endangers the life of mother or it would lead to a disabled child?\n5) Mother's right over her own body.","",""],[18,"How can greed be controlled","",""],[25,"Q7 (a) The recent COVID pandemic has reinvigorated the debate on mandatory vaccinations - whether individual liberty is inviolate or it can be restricted on grounds of public health.\ni) Profit motive from ticket sales vs commitment to rules of the organisation\nii) Public health vs revenue\niii) Impartiality & objectivity vs showing bias in favor of relaxing rules\niv) Integrity being compromised\nv) Freedom to decide what's good for one's life vs obligation towards sports organisation\nvi) Public faith & trust vs popularity","",""],[29,"Q.8 Options available for addressing the guilt\ni) Resign from the job to avoid any apparent conflict of interest\nii) Ask the boss to conduct performance appraisal interviews along with my colleagues to convince everyone of objective parameters for taking such a decision\niii) Ask my boss to allocate the new business project to me along with my co-joiners & give me a salary at par with my colleagues\niv) Convince my friends that the promotion was on objective grounds and there are even better opportunities that they can aim for in the company","",""],[35,"(b) Factors to be considered while inspiring such a change?","",""],[37,"Q10. Committing suicide by doctors due to constant professional pressure is disheartening despite their commitment & dedication to the public.\na) Reasons why doctors face violence in the country","",""],[41,"Q-11 Corruption in the real estate sector is an unfortunate reality in country like India where lakhs of people are yet homeless and about 17% of population resides in slums.\na) Various ethical dilemmas involved\nb) Although demolition of towers appears to be the most feasible option but-","",""],[45,"Q.12 Despite universal ratification of ILO convention 138 - worst forms of labour, exploitation of children, and labour in developing countries still remains a pressing issue.\na) Various ethical dilemmas involved are\nb) The major problems identifiable are -","",""]]},{"i":968,"t":"Garima Lohia","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_kAWpxWTECh9gQbjH3BJHun-No1TTx7G/view","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) Successful people are not those who did not fail, but those who persisted in turbulent times and kept moving after a failure. In light of this statement, examine the importance of adversity quotient in life. How can adversity quotient be developed?","10","150"],[4,"How to develop Adversity Quotient\n1) life stories of great reformers & leaders like Parneswaran Iyer (IAS), Martin Luther King, Subhash Chandra Bose\n2) rewarding children from very early age for taking up difficult tasks\n3) emotional intelligence, stress management exercises and meditation\n4) positive self attribution and supportive peer group","",""],[5,"b) 'Strength does not come from physical capacity but from an indomitable will.' Gandhi. What does strength mean to you and how far do you agree with the given statement? Discuss with suitable example.","10","150"],[7,"b) Good governance does not depend on laws, but upon the personal qualities of those who administer the law. Do you agree with this statement? Justify your view.","10","150"],[9,"Q.3) a) An active civil service is necessary but not sufficient: India also requires civil service activism for fulfilling the vision of justice, liberty and equality for all. Analyze the statement citing relevant examples.","10","150"],[11,"b) Educational institutions complement the role of the family and the society in shaping our values. Discuss. Can digital education perform this value inculcation function effectively?","10","150"],[13,"Q.4) a) Gendered attitudes convert differences in sexes into discriminations. Examine the factors responsible for negative attitudes toward women in the Indian society. How can these attitudes be changed?","10","150"],[14,"How can these attitudes be changed?","",""],[15,"b) How are ethical concerns and work culture of public institutions different from those of private institutions? Examine the desirability of adoption of work culture similar to private institutions in public institutions.","10","150"],[17,"Q.5) a) Besides objectivity, civil servants also need empathy and compassion to effectively resolve various ethical dilemmas they face while discharging their responsibilities. Discuss with suitable examples.","10","150"],[19,"b) Leadership is essentially a task of persuasion. How does ability to persuade others help civil servants in performing their duty? Identify five qualities that make civil servants effective agents of persuasion. Justify your choices.","10","150"],[21,"Q.6) a) What does each of the following quotations mean to you? Peace is not mere absence of war; it is presence of justice","10","150"],[23,"b) 'The world will not be destroyed by those who do evil, but by those who watch them without doing anything.'","10","150"],[25,"c) 'Happiness is a mysterious thing, to be found somewhere between too little and too much.'","10","150"],[27,"Q.7) Sunshine electronics is a domestic mobile manufacturer and you are its CEO. Sunshine electronics has made an affordable 5g phone with over 80% domestically sourced components. It has spent a large amount of money for promotion of the phone. General public is excited about the new phone and the company has already received over 1 lakh pre-launch orders from various online shopping portals. The achievement of the company has also received recognition from the highest political level and has been cited as a successful example of Atma-Nirbhar Bharat. The Central Minister of Electronics and Information Technology is the chief guest in the launch event of the new mobile phone.\nJust a day before the launch of the new phone, you received a call from the Chief Technology Officer (CTO) of your company. He informs you that the US has banned Huwu Technologies Pvt. Ltd. from doing business in the USA and a similar ban is expected to be imposed by the EU in the next few days. The ban on Huwu is based on a report claiming that Huwu has been working very closely with the Chinese government and there are technical 'backdoors' in the components made by Huwu that allows it to spy on users of the devices that have these components.\nThe new phone made by your company also uses a chip manufactured by Huwu. To fulfil the pre-orders in the shortest possible time, Sunshine Electronics has also manufactured around fifty thousand devices. Cancelling or postponing the launch event would be embarrassing for political dispensation and financially disastrous for your company. On the other hand, going ahead with the launch would mean potentially risking the privacy and security of your customers.\n1) On the basis of this case, identify the various ethical dilemmas involved.\n2) What principles of corporate ethics would you consider while taking the decision in this case?\n3) Examine various options available with you for handling the issue. What will you do in the given case?","20","250"],[28,"1) इस मामले के आधार पर, इसमें शामिल विभिन्न नैतिक दुविधाओं की पहचान करें।\n2) इस मामले में निर्णय लेते समय आप कॉर्पोरेट नैतिकता के किन सिद्धांतों पर विचार करेंगे?\n3) समस्या से निपटने के लिए आपके पास उपलब्ध विभिन्न विकल्पों की जांच करें। दिए गए मामले में आप क्या करेंगे?","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[32,"Q8 Asanpur is a beautiful small district in Northern part of India. It used to be the hub of stone mining activity. However, excessive mining led to environmental degradation and rapid soil erosion while cutting of stone created air pollution hazard. Due to various detrimental impacts, NGT has imposed a ban on stone mining in Asanpur. Despite this ban, the mining mafia has been able to operate with connivance of corrupt government officials and politicians. Many officers have tried to stop this illegal mining, but the powerful mafia has either forced them to submit through force or bribed them or got them transferred through their political contacts. Last week, a DSP lost his life when he was trying to stop a truck carrying illegally mined stones.\nYou recently got promoted and made the SP of Asanpur. Upon taking the charge, you quickly realized the gravity of the problem. Illegal mining was run by organized gangs in the district. It was also linked to other crimes in your city ranging from petty crimes like pick pocketing to serious offenses like kidnapping and murders. Illegal mining and related crime have negatively impacted socio-economic development of the district as youth are increasingly getting involved in the illegal activities and businesses are leaving the district due to high crime rate. You created a special task force and started taking stringent actions against the illegal mining in your district. In a short span of a few weeks you seized thirty dumpers carrying illegally mined stones. Public appreciated your stringent actions while the corrupt ecosystem created by illegal miners was rattled.\nOne day, a junior officer approached you and informed you that he has been receiving threats from the illegal stone miners. He also informs you that others in the task force are also facing problems like someone in the task force is being harassed by reopening an old settled case against him while someone else has received a transfer order to a remote district. This has demotivated the taskforce and reminded them of the connections of illegal miners in the district. The same day, when you reach home, your wife tells you that she got a call from an unknown number threatening her of dire consequences if you do not stop your investigation. You fear that the call was from a member of the organized crime syndicate involved in the illegal mining activity. Your wife is worried about the safety of the family and requests you to be lenient in your work. In this situation, answer the following questions:\n1) How will you motivate the task force to work with honesty in this adverse condition?\n2) How would you justify putting your family at risk in line of your duty?\n3) Identify the various dimensions of the crisis. Based on your understanding, suggest measures to deal with the crisis.","","20"],[36,"Q.9 Under the Mid-Day Meal (MDM) scheme, children are served cooked food in their school. It has been revolutionary in not only improving the nutritional status of children but also increasing the retention ratio in schools. However, the quality of food has been a cause of concern. In one of the unfortunate incidents, two students lost their lives and over thirty children fell ill after eating the MDM in their school. The district administration was quick in its action and fired the cook (bhojan-mata) of the concerned school. The bhojan-mata, who belongs to a backward caste, is the sole breadwinner in her family after her husband passed away. In an TV interview related to the incident, Bhojan-mata claimed that she is being made a scapegoat and being targeted only because she belongs to a backward caste. This created a political storm in the state. Opposition parties picked up the issue of social discrimination and started state-wide protest demanding justice for the bhojan-mata. The protest found resonance with masses and the ruling party was severely criticized. To win back the confidence of the public, the government has constituted a commission to investigate the matter in an impartial manner. You are a joint secretary level officer and have been appointed as a member of the commission. During the investigation, you found that bhojan-mata was indeed not at fault. It was the contractor who was supplying poor quality raw materials to the school that caused the food poisoning in children. You also found that the food contractor was the brother of a powerful cabinet minister. You suspect that the district administration was hand-in-glove with the contractor and they connived to implicate bhojan-mata and exonerate the contractor. You brought these findings before the head of the commission. To your surprise, the head of the commission informs you that he was already aware of these facts. He informs you that the minister has asked him to make a report that vindicates the bhojan-mata and reinstates her in order to subdue the opposition led agitations. He asks you to find someone else who can be blamed to ensure that the government is able to save its face as declaring the brother of a sitting cabinet minister responsible would push the government further in trouble. He also tells you that helping the ruling dispensation would ultimately help you, subtly giving hints of getting a 'plum posting' and also warns you that going against the wish of the minister can attract the wrath of the minister that can be disastrous for your career.\n1) What are the various ethical dilemmas that you face in this situation?\n2) What are the different courses of action that you can take? Identify the most suitable course of action and justify your choice.","20","250"],[37,"1) इस स्थिति में आप किन विभिन्न नैतिक दुविधाओं का सामना करते हैं?\n2) कार्रवाई के विभिन्न कदम क्या हैं जो आप ले सकते हैं? कार्रवाई के सबसे उपयुक्त कदम की पहचान करें और अपनी पसंद का औचित्य साबित करें।\n1) इस स्थिति में आप किन विभिन्न नैतिक दुविधाओं का सामना करते हैं?\n2) कार्रवाई के विभिन्न कदम क्या हैं जो आप ले सकते हैं? कार्रवाई के सबसे उपयुक्त कदम की पहचान करें और अपनी पसंद का औचित्य साबित करें।","20 अंक","250 शब्द"],[41,"Q.10 On the basis of this case, answer the following questions:\n1) What are the various ethical issues involved in this case?\n2) Do you think Rashmi is justified in demanding a permanent government job?\n3) Do you think the government is justified in terminating the contracts of corona warriors?\n4) Consider yourself in the position of Health secretary in the concerned state. What would you do to address the issue at hand?","20","250"],[42,"1) इस मामले में शामिल विभिन्न नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं?\n2) क्या आपको लगता है कि रश्मि का स्थायी सरकारी नौकरी की मांग करना जायज है?\n3) क्या आपको लगता है कि सरकार का कोरोना योद्धाओं के ठेके खत्म करना जायज है?\n4) अपने आप को संबंधित राज्य में स्वास्थ्य सचिव के पद पर विचार करें। मौजूदा मुद्दे को हल करने के लिए आप क्या करेंगे?","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[45,"Q.11 Abha is currently working as the DM of a district. One day, she went to a village for inspecting the progress of a certain village development project. Abha was not satisfied with the pace of the work and wanted to talk with the Sarpanch of the village about the same. Abha went to the panchayat office where she found the Sarpanch standing just outside the office. The Sarpanch greeted Abha and offered her a seat. Abha sat down and started discussing the matter with the Sarpanch. She noticed that Sarpanch was still standing. She thought that Sarpanch was not sitting because of hesitation or out of respect for the officer. She requested him to take a seat but he reluctantly sat on a wooden stool. Abha jokingly asked him if he liked the stool so much that he chose it instead of a chair, to which the Sarpanch replied that he was not allowed to sit on a chair as he belonged to a Dalit community. Abha was taken aback by this response. Abha enquired further about the issue. The sarpanch explained that since the Sarpanch position was reserved for SC community, he won the election. But despite being the official head of the panchayat, he did not have any power. He was neither allowed to enter the panchayat office nor was given access to official documents. A separate water pot was kept for him outside the office and he was not allowed to use the common water pot. He worked as a rubber stamp who merely signed the given document. He went on to tell Abha that last year he was not even allowed to hoist the national flag during the Independence Day celebration. Abha was shocked about hearing the kind of discrimination that the Sarpanch faced. On the basis of this case study answer the following questions:\n1) Why do caste-based discriminations still persist even after 75 years of independence?\n2) Examine the various ethical issues involved in this case.\n3) Identify various stakeholders","20","20"],[50,"Q.12 You are a mutual friend of Jayant and Sarita. One day you received a call from a distressed Jayant and he asks you for your advice on this issue.\n1) Help Jayant identify different options available with him to cope with the crisis? Discuss the merits and demerits of each of these options.\n2) As a mutual friend, what advice would you give to Jayant and Sarita in this case so that they can return back to being a happy couple?\n3) How can Jayant develop the qualities that are required to handle such crisis situations in life?","20","250"],[51,"1) संकट से निपटने के लिए जयंत के पास उपलब्ध विभिन्न विकल्पों की पहचान करने में मदद करें? इनमें से प्रत्येक विकल्प के गुण-दोषों की विवेचना कीजिए।\n2) एक पारस्परिक मित्र के रूप में, आप इस मामले में जयंत और सरिता को क्या सलाह देंगे ताकि वे एक खुशहाल दंपती के रूप में वापस आ सकें?\n3) जयंत जीवन में ऐसी संकट स्थितियों को संभालने के लिए आवश्यक गुणों को कैसे विकसित कर सकता है? (20 अंक, 250 शब्द)","20 अंक","250 शब्द"]]},{"i":361,"t":"Garima Singh","c":"Visionias","p":"Essay","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/72e59-1505668_4514_garima_singh_rank_92.pdf","q":[[5,"Write two essays, choosing one topic from each of the Sections A and B, in about 1000-1200 words each :\n1. You may have to fight a battle more than once to win it.\n2. In matters of conscience, the law of the majority has no place.\n3. He who opens a school door, closes a prison.\n4. Only in the depths of winter can we truly appreciate the warmth of spring.\n5. We cannot always build the future for our youth, but we can build our youth for the future.\n6. Copying is safe; innovation demands courage.\n7. The more we automate, the more human we must become.\n8. The pursuit of instant validation is creating a generation of restless minds.","125 x 2 = 250","1000-1200 words each"],[18,"5. We cannot always build the future for our youth, but we can build our youth for the future.\n6. Copying is safe; innovation demands courage.\n7. The more we automate, the more human we must become.\n8. The pursuit of instant validation is creating a generation of restless minds.","",""]]},{"i":360,"t":"Garima Singh","c":"Forumias","p":"GS3","y":2025,"r":92,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/GARIMA-SINGHUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-92-Sample-MGP-Copy-2.pdf","q":[[2,"Q.1) “Inclusive growth is both a process and an outcome, ensuring that everyone has access to the benefits of economic growth.\" Discuss in Indian context.","10","150"],[3,"Q.8 A robust and thriving food processing sector can address multiple issues plaguing Indian agriculture. Elucidate.","10","150"],[4,"Q.15 The Dedicated Freight Corridor (DFC) not only enhances logistics efficiency but also represents a pivotal milestone in the country’s infrastructure development and economic growth. In this context, describe the significance of the Dedicated Freight Corridor.","15","250"]]},{"i":359,"t":"Garima Singh","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":2025,"r":92,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/GARIMA-SINGHUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-92-Sample-MGP-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[2,"Q.1) a) What is your understanding of corruption? In your opinion, does corruption grease or sand the wheels of growth? Justify your answer.\nb) The balance between laws and conscience is delicate; when synchronized, they promote ethical conduct, but their discord can give rise to significant ethical dilemmas. Illustrate with examples","10","150"],[3,"Q.4) a) “The growing reach and influence of social media present both opportunities and challenges for ethical governance.” Examine the statement with suitable examples.","10","10"],[4,"b) Write short notes on the following in 30-50 words each:\ni) Ethical congruence\nii) Conflict of interest\niii) Compassion in public life\niv) Crisis of conscience\nv) Social capital","10 marks, 150","30-50 words each"],[5,"Q.7 Recently, a disturbing incident involving the sexual assault of two young girls at a nursery school came to light in a ‘sleepy’ town of a western state in the country. When the parents approached the local police station to lodge an FIR, the police turned them away. However, twelve hours later, the FIR was filed, and a 24-year-old cleaning staff member of the school was arrested as the only suspect in the incident.\nThe news of the assault spread rapidly, igniting widespread outrage and intense media coverage. The public was furious, leading to protests across the town demanding justice for the victims. Locals organized a bandh, vandalized the school, and blocked railway lines while demanding death penalty for the suspect.\nThe state government swung into action, suspending two police personnel for their delayed response and forming a Special Investigation Team (SIT) to investigate the case. The principal of the school, along with two staff members, was also suspended. The SIT began its investigation and charged the school principal, secretary, and chairman under sections of the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act for failing to report the crime. Meanwhile, the accused’s first wife filed a case against him for violent sexual behavior and unnatural sex. As the investigation progressed, tensions in the town continued to simmer. The pressure on the SIT to resolve the case was immense, with political figures, media, and the public all demanding swift action.\nThe following day, while the suspect was being transported to the crime scene (the school) for further investigation, he was killed in what was described as an encounter. According to the SIT's account, the suspect managed to snatch a gun from one of the officers and opened fire, injuring him. In retaliation, the police shot the suspect, who was gravely injured and later succumbed to his wounds in the hospital.\nThe news of the encounter spread quickly. While many praised the SIT for their swift action, others raised serious concerns. The family of the suspect claimed it was a staged encounter. The human rights groups echoed similar sentiments, accusing the police of an extrajudicial killing orchestrated under immense public pressure.\na What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\nb Based on the case study, discuss the challenges faced by law enforcement agencies in conducting a fair and impartial investigation amidst public and political pressure.\nc What best practices should be followed to ensure the integrity of investigations in such high-profile cases?","20","250"],[6,"Q.8 Sowmiya is a senior public servant renowned for her integrity and transparency. Currently serving as the Head of the Budget Division in the Finance Ministry, she is responsible for managing budgetary allocations critical to the government's developmental initiatives. Her department is currently organizing financial support to the states, three of which are due to go to the polls within the financial year.\nIn this year's annual budget, the government allocated ₹9,300 crores to the National Electricity Mission (NEM), a centrally sponsored scheme aimed at providing electricity to every remaining household in the country. As of June, ₹1,775 crores had already been disbursed for this initiative. The NEM is pivotal for improving living standards and aligns with the government's broader goal of universal access to electricity.\nThe Ministry of Commerce has been advocating for the establishment of a semiconductor fabrication unit in a southern state. This project is essential for enhancing domestic manufacturing capabilities and reducing dependency on imported semiconductors. After extensive discussions spanning nearly three years among relevant stakeholders, the Union Cabinet approved the establishment of the unit, and the process for acquiring the necessary land has commenced.\nIn alignment with the government's policy toward a green transition, a leading Central Public Sector Enterprise (CPSE) is actively working on establishing a green hydrogen plant in a northeastern state. This initiative is crucial for promoting sustainable energy solutions and achieving the 'panchamrit' targets. The CPSE has already acquired the necessary land for the project. Following three rounds of global bidding, the project was awarded to an MNC, M/s XYZ Hydrocarbons, with the first tranche of payment scheduled for December.\nThe Finance Ministry was asked for an additional allocation of ₹7,000 crores to support the semiconductor fabrication unit and the green hydrogen plant. It was decided to recommend re-appropriating this entire amount from the NEM allocation. The file was forwarded to the Budget Department for their comments and further processing. Upon reviewing the case file, Sowmiya recognized the potential consequences of such a reallocation. Diverting funds from the NEM could significantly delay its implementation, undermining a project that holds political significance and is frequently highlighted in political rallies.\nAdditionally, failing to secure timely funding for the semiconductor unit and the green hydrogen plant could jeopardize these projects and lead to cost overruns. Delayed payment in an international project could send the wrong signals to MNCs about India's commitment to honoring international","",""],[7,"a. What are the ethical issues involved in re-appropriation of funds from a welfare project to the developmental projects?\nb. Given the need for proper utilization of public funds, discuss the options available to Sowmiya. Which option should she choose?\na What are the ethical issues involved in re-appropriation of funds from a welfare project to the developmental projects?\nb Given the need for proper utilization of public funds, discuss the options available to Sowmiya. Which option should she choose?","20","250"],[8,"Q.9 Surrogate advertising — a marketing technique that promotes a product or service restricted or banned from direct advertising, such as alcohol and tobacco, by advertising a legal product like soda, water, or music CDs from the same brand — has been around for a long time. While the practice has faced criticism in the past, it has recently gained fresh attention as several famous film stars have begun endorsing these surrogate products.\nPublic health advocates and certain sections of society are worried about this trend. They argue that when celebrities get involved, the ads become much more influential, especially among the younger audiences. These critics believe that even if the ads don’t directly promote harmful products, they still make them seem more acceptable. As a result, there is a fear that such advertising could indirectly lead to higher consumption of those items, which could bring more health problems, especially among the youth.\nOn the flip side, companies and the celebrities they work with claim they are not doing anything wrong. They point out that they are only endorsing legal products, and they have every right to advertise them. For them, this type of advertising is about keeping the brand alive and competing in a market with tight regulations. They also argue that restricting these ads could harm businesses, affecting jobs and overall economic growth.\nThe debate continues, with each side presenting its own set of compelling arguments.\na What are the ethical concerns associated with surrogate advertising?\nb Suggest a course of action that addresses the concerns of both the stakeholders involved. Justify your answer.","20","250"],[9,"Q.10 You are the Operations Manager at a fast-growing technology startup, NexGen Solutions, known for its innovative projects and timely delivery. The startup’s environment is fast-paced, with tight deadlines and high expectations from clients and investors. Your current project, creating a cutting-edge AI based application, is critical for securing upcoming funding and partnerships. Your small, capable team includes four software developers and two project coordinators, with an equal number of men and women.\nRecently, the team has encountered major challenges. Priya, one of the female developers, has requested leave to care for her ailing mother. Meanwhile, another team member, Ayesha, is struggling to manage her workload along with caring for her infant child. As a result, other team members have taken on extra tasks, impacting their work-life balance and causing heightened stress. With the project deadline looming, tensions in the team have become visible. During a crucial project meeting, Karan, a senior developer, voices his frustration, saying, “Perhaps it’s not ideal to have team members who can’t fully commit during critical stages.”\nKaran’s remark triggers an immediate reaction. Neha, a project coordinator, finds his comment offensive and reports it to the Human Resources (HR) Department. She also hints that she might bring the issue to social media, which could harm the startup’s image. The HR Department, located at the company’s headquarters, investigates and recommends disciplinary action against Karan, emphasizing the importance of a respectful, inclusive workplace. Their recommendation puts you in a difficult situation. The project is already delayed, and losing a senior developer like Karan could jeopardize its timely completion.\nYou are now faced with a complex dilemma. On one hand, it’s vital to address the inappropriate comment and ensure a respectful work culture. On the other hand, you must keep the project on track without further demotivating your team.\na) Discuss the ethical issues involved in this case.\nb) As the Operations Manager, how would you deal with the given situation?\nc) Based on the case study, discuss the challenges faced by women at workplace. How can such challenges be addressed?","20 marks, 250","250"],[10,"Q.11 Utkarsh is a dedicated and experienced Chief Engineer in the Public Works Department (PWD) of a major Indian city. His responsibilities include overseeing the maintenance and construction of the city's infrastructure. One of his critical responsibilities is managing the safety and welfare of the PWD workers. A sudden strike by the workers' union of the PWD erupted over the issue of compensation to a construction worker who died while repairing a major bridge in the city. The case was brought to Utkarsh's attention for resolution.\nThe deceased worker, Shyam Lal, was part of a team tasked with repairing a crucial bridge that connected two busy parts of the city. During the repair, an unfortunate accident occurred where a section of the bridge collapsed. Shyam Lal fell from a significant height, suffering severe injuries. He was immediately rushed to the hospital but succumbed to his injuries shortly after arrival. Shyam Lal was 45 years old and the sole breadwinner for his family, which included his wife and three young children. The initial investigation revealed that Shyam Lal had not been wearing the mandatory safety harness at the time of the accident. The management, upon learning of this, is considering not providing extra compensation to Shyam Lal's family, citing negligence on his part.\nThe PWD workers' union was outraged by this decision, arguing that the lack of proper training and supervision were the primary cause of the accident. They demanded full compensation for Shyam Lal’s family, like what other workers receive who die in the line of duty, and a job for one family member. With no satisfactory response from the management, the union went on strike, halting all ongoing maintenance and construction projects in the city. The strike has continued for two weeks, causing significant disruption to the city's infrastructure projects and leading to public outcry.\nUtkarsh is now tasked with finding a resolution to this deadlock.\na) What are the options available to Utkarsh to meet the above situation? Critically examine each of the options identified by him.\nb) What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by Utkarsh?\nc) What course of action should Utkarsh adopt to diffuse the above situation?","","20"],[11,"Q.12 Arijit, a recent graduate from a top marketing institute, has joined a prominent multinational corporation (MNC) in the “personal care and wellness” sector. The MNC is globally known for its commitment to eco-friendly, natural, and sustainable products, which was a major reason for Arijit being drawn to the job. He sees this as a chance to work on campaigns that promote health-conscious and environmentally sustainable choices worldwide.\nArijit enjoys the organization’s work culture and the nature of his new job. Within just a month, his creativity and fresh approach have earned him praise from his manager. Soon, he is assigned a high-stakes project to design an international campaign for the MNC’s new skincare product—a role typically reserved for more experienced team members. Excited, Arijit begins researching for the campaign but soon discovers an uncomfortable truth. Despite its “100% natural” branding, the product contains a significant percentage of synthetic ingredients, some of which are known to harm the environment and may also pose risks to human health. Arijit feels this contradicts the brand’s supposed commitment to environmental and health standards.\nWhen Arijit raises these concerns, his manager rebukes him and sternly instructs him to follow the company’s approved messaging. The manager emphasizes that the product meets all regulatory standards and that similar claims are widely used by other competitors in the market. Arijit is told to focus on his marketing responsibilities and avoid scrutinizing the product’s formulation. However, he still feels this is a manipulative practice that could mislead environmentally and health-conscious consumers into believing they are choosing a completely natural product.\nArijit worries that pressing the issue further could harm his career prospects, especially since he is still on probation. As the sole breadwinner with a large education loan to repay, he can’t afford to lose his job. He tries to reason that this might simply be “how business is done” and considers dropping the matter. However, his conscience continues to urge him to take action.\na. Analyze the conduct of the MNC from an ethical point of view.\nb. What are the options available to Arijit under the given situation? Evaluate each of the options and suggest the best course of action.","20","20"],[12,"a. नैतिक दृष्टिकोण से बहुराष्ट्रीय कंपनी के आचरण का विश्लेषण करें।\nb. दी गई परिस्थिति में अरिजीत के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं? प्रत्येक विकल्प का मूल्यांकन करें और सबसे अच्छा उपाय सुझाएँ।\na. नैतिक दृष्टिकोण से बहुराष्ट्रीय कंपनी के आचरण का विश्लेषण करें।\nb. दी गई परिस्थिति में अरिजीत के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं? प्रत्येक विकल्प का मूल्यांकन करें और सबसे अच्छा उपाय सुझाएँ।","20 अंक","250 शब्द"],[21,"Q8 The case highlights the media ethics of deliberation (2023-07-25 20:11:19)","",""]]},{"i":362,"t":"Garv Garg","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2025,"r":192,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/GARV-GARG-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-192-Sample-MGP-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) \"India's democratic roots are deeply embedded in its ancient civilizational ethos.\" Discuss in the context of India being referred to as the 'Mother of Democracy'.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Elucidate the significance of tiger and elephant figures in Indian mythology, art and architecture.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) The arrival of Lord William Bentinck marked a period of transformation in the British Indian State. Discuss.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) Explain how the American War of Independence deprived Great Britain of one empire, but it strengthened the foundations of another.","10","150"],[10,"How it strengthened foundations of other?","",""],[11,"Q.5 What are Rare Earth Elements (REEs)? Discuss the multi-dimensional implications of uneven distribution of REEs in the world.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) Highlight the salient differences between the Himalayan and the Peninsular drainage Systems.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) Describe the nature and mode of origin of the main types of rock at the earth's crust.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) The alienation of modern lifestyles from nature has contributed to the ongoing environmental crisis in India. Examine.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9) What do you understand by the term 'urbanisation of poverty'? Also, explain how urban poverty differs from rural poverty in India?","10","150"],[21,"Q.10) Globalization has redefined the idea of community and kinship in Indian society. Do you agree? Justify your answer.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11) The flourishing of various art forms during the Kushana period reflects the rich and diverse cultural landscape of the time. What insights does this provide into the socio-cultural aspects of that era?","15","250"],[26,"Q.12) Trace the events that led to the Civil Disobedience Movement. What were its outcomes?","15","15"],[29,"Q.13 Mahatma Jyotirao Phule's reformist ideas played a significant role in shaping the social foundations of the Indian freedom movement. Elaborate.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14) The interlinking of rivers offers several benefits, but also raises significant socio-economic and environmental concerns. Analyze.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 Explain the concept of rain shadow effect. How does it influence the distribution of precipitation and vegetation across mountain ranges?","15","250"],[38,"Q.16) Bring out the major features of the Indian monsoon and elaborate upon its causative factors.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 What are the geographical factors responsible for the growth of mangrove vegetation in India? Also highlight its role in coastal ecology.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 To what extent can the rise of 'Kidfluencers' be seen as a reflection of changing family structures and parental aspirations in Indian society?","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 Women often form the backbone of grassroots movements in India, yet they remain largely invisible and excluded from the decision-making process. Examine.","15","250"]]},{"i":363,"t":"Garv Garg","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2025,"r":192,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/GARV-GARG-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-192-Sample-MGP-Copy-2.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) \"Extraordinary powers must be exercised with extraordinary care.\" Discuss in the context of Article 142 of the Indian Constitution.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Why are State Legislative Assemblies involved in the election of the President but excluded from the process of impeachment?","10","150"],[6,"4 Representation of regional parties and minorities removing arbitrariness of union ruling party.\n Why are they not included in impeachment?","",""],[7,"Q.3) Private Member's Bills (PMBs) seldom become law in India, yet they are an important aspect of parliamentary democracy. Bring out their significance and suggest steps to strengthen the PMB process.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) Highlight the key points of convergence and divergence between the judicial systems of India and USA.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) The role of Election Commission of India has evolved beyond conducting elections to becoming a guardian of electoral democracy. Critically evaluate.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) What is the rationale behind the 'three-language formula' in India's education policy? Also highlight the challenges associated with its adoption and implementation across the country.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) Emerging environmental concerns and evolving ecosystem perspectives demand a reimagined approach to rural water governance. Discuss the key interventions needed to recalibrate rural water policies with special emphasis on the role of communities.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8 Identify and discuss the challenges hindering effective implementation of gender-sensitive policies and schemes in the country.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9 Effective transboundary water management can act as a catalyst for regional peace and cooperation. In light of this statement, bring out the opportunities and challenges for India in leveraging 'water diplomacy' in its neighbourhood.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10) What are the key areas of reform if the World Trade Organization (WTO) has to remain relevant in the present context of rising protectionism and trade wars?","10","150"],[23,"Q.11 The basic structure doctrine acts as a constitutional compass in balancing Parliament's legislative authority and constitutional supremacy. Comment.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12 Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) are pivotal to inclusive and efficient urban governance, yet they remain fiscally constrained and institutionally weak. Analyze.","15","250"],[28,"II How they are traditionally weak","",""],[29,"Q.13 \"The judiciary has functioned as an institutional corrective, redefining and refining the contours of the Governor's office to prevent its misuse and uphold constitutional principles.\" Discuss this statement with the help of relevant case laws.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14) How is the 'vertical' and 'horizontal' devolution of taxes to the states decided? Highlighting the concerns raised by some states regarding the devolution of taxes, suggest corrective measures.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 What steps are required for the constitutionalization of a Commission? Do you think granting constitutional status to the Central Information Commission (CIC) would strengthen the RTI regime in India? Give reasons.","15","15"],[38,"Q.16 Even as India experiences consistent economic growth and has achieved self-sufficiency in food production, hunger and food insecurity remain pressing concerns. Examine the factors responsible for this paradox and suggest steps to improve the situation.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 The Union Government has recently announced that caste enumeration will be part of the upcoming census. Examine the opportunities and challenges associated with conducting a nationwide 'caste census'. Also, propose a framework for its seamless and effective conduct.","15","250"],[42,"3 Analyze true picture of caste based deprivation\n4) Impaid on Women","",""],[44,"Q.18 \"AI integration in governance is no longer a choice but a necessity.\" In light of this statement, discuss how AI can enhance education and healthcare governance.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 Providing a brief overview of the aims and objectives of BIMSTEC, explain its significance for India.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 India's approach to its relationship with China has evolved into what can be best described as 'competitive coexistence'. Discuss in light of recent developments. What should be the broad contours of India's future China policy?","15","250"]]},{"i":364,"t":"Garv Garg","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":2025,"r":192,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/GARV-GARG-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-192-Sample-MGP-Copy-3.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) 'Unconscious biases in parenting continue to shape gendered experiences in India.' Do you agree with this view? Discuss.","10","150"],[5,"b) Distinguish between empathy and compassion. Why are they considered as foundational values in public services?","10","150"],[6,"Why are they important in Civil services?","",""],[7,"Q.2) a) The current society is witnessing rising levels of intolerance. What are the consequences of this situation for personal well-being and for societal well-being? What can one do at the personal level to become tolerant?","10","10"],[9,"b) What are the main components of emotional intelligence and how does it help an individual in taking ethical decisions?","10","150"],[11,"Q.3) Given below are the three quotations of great thinkers. What do each of these quotations convey to you in the present context?\na) \"This life is short, the vanities of the world are transient, but they alone live who live for others,\" - Swami Vivekanand","10","150"],[13,"b) \"If you cry because the sun has gone out of your life, your tears will prevent you from seeing the stars.\" - Rabindranath Tagore","10","150"],[15,"c) \"Two ways of building character - cultivating strength to challenge oppression, and tolerate the resultant hardships that give rise to courage and awareness\" - Sardar Patel","10","150"],[17,"Q.4) a) \"With great power comes great responsibility.\" In the present context, 'Big Tech' headquartered in developed countries wield disproportionate influence over digital infrastructure, personal data, and global narratives—often prioritising profit over ethical considerations. What ethical principles should guide such corporations in building a fair, inclusive, and just global digital framework?","10","150"],[19,"b) What do you understand by the term 'crisis of conscience'? Describe an incident from your life where you experienced such a crisis. How did you deal with it?","10","150"],[21,"Q.5) a) \"A politics of confession that encourages politicians and parties to confess and offer regret for their errors can surely be a cathartic experience.\" Examine the statement from the ethical point of view.","10","150"],[23,"b) What are the key objectives of the Right to Information Act, 2005? Examine the ethical concerns associated with certain provisions of the Digital Personal Data Protection Act in realizing the objectives of the RTI Act.","10","150"],[25,"Q.6) a) Public spaces serve as arenas of democratic participation and civic expression. Yet in India, they remain deeply gendered, with many women largely confined to the private and domestic sphere. Examine the factors that restrict women's access to public spaces. How can ethical governance help address the issue of gendered spatial control and promote inclusivity in public spaces?","10","150"],[27,"b) Write short notes on the following in 30 words each:\ni) Ethical fading\nii) Conflict of interest\niii) Persuasion\niv) Work culture\nv) Corporate governance","10 marks, 150","30 words each"],[29,"Q.7 A State Government in the northeastern part of the country has launched a series of anti-encroachment drives across forest areas, wetlands, and revenue lands. Under the directions of the Chief Minister, the administration has intensified efforts to reclaim public land, particularly in areas reserved for ecological protection and critical infrastructure development. Most of the time, these actions have been backed by court orders and have resulted in the recovery of thousands of hectares of land. However, in certain regions, the implementation of such drives is fraught with social and political complexities. In several districts, settlements have existed for decades and are inhabited by marginalized communities with limited access to legal rights or formal rehabilitation measures. These areas are often politically sensitive and influenced by local leaders and pressure groups. Simanta is posted as Additional Deputy Commissioner (ADC) in one such district. Over the past year, the district administration has attempted to align eviction measures with welfare outreach, including the provision of temporary shelters, relocation assistance, and public consultations. Recently, a major operation was scheduled to clear encroachments from over 140 hectares of forest land within a Reserved Forest, primarily to curb rising instances of human-elephant conflict and to restore ecological balance. Anticipating eviction, some residents approached the High Court seeking a stay. However, the court refused to grant it and directed the administration to proceed with the eviction following due process. Notices were served, and a detailed roadmap was prepared to carry out the operation, which was expected to last 2-3 days due to the scale and remote location. On the first day, Simanta led a team comprising forest officials, municipal workers, and police personnel. Demolitions were conducted peacefully and without major resistance. However, on the second day, when the team returned to the site, a large group of agitated residents—primarily women and children—had gathered. They raised slogans and formed human chains to prevent further evictions. The atmosphere grew tense when some individuals began throwing stones, resulting in serious injury to a municipal worker. The crowd grew increasingly volatile and emotionally charged, demanding an immediate halt to the operation. The police contingent present on the ground was outnumbered by the crowd. Faced with this crisis, some team members pleaded with Simanta to call off the operation, fearing threats to their life and the possibility of a violent escalation. Simanta attempted to contact his superior officer (the Deputy Commissioner), but due to poor mobile connectivity in the forested area, communication could not be established. Meanwhile, several local journalists had arrived and begun reporting on the incident. Simanta is in a dilemma as to what to do.\na Evaluate the options available with Simanta to cope with the situation.\nb Which of the above options would be the most appropriate for Simanta and why?\nc What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by Simanta?\nd Examine the qualities of a public servant which will be required to manage such situations.","20","250"],[30,"a. स्थिति से निपटने के लिए सिमंता के पास उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन करें।\nb. सिमंता के लिए सबसे उपयुक्त होगा और क्यों?\nc. सिमंता को किन नैतिक दुविधाओं का सामना करना पड़ रहा है?\nd. ऐसी परिस्थितियों का प्रबंधन करने के लिए एक लोक सेवक के गुणों का परीक्षण करें।","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[34,"Q.8) Megha is a first-year sociology student at a reputed college in the national capital. She is originally from Tadchiroli, a tribal village in a western Indian state. Megha's family migrated to the city when she was seven years old and had not visited their village since. Though Megha has fond memories of her childhood there, she never deeply understood the customs and traditions of the region. One day, Megha expresses her wish to visit Tadchiroli. Her father agrees and asks her to inform Ratan, her paternal uncle, who still lives in the village with his family. Megha informs Ratan and travels to the village during a semester break. Upon arrival, she receives a warm welcome from Ratan and his family. Later, Ratan invites her to attend a local festival. During the event, Megha notices that her cousin Rinki is missing. Curious, she asks Ratan's wife Ratna why Rinki is not at the festival. Ratna explains that Rinki is on her period, and as per tradition, menstruating girls must stay separately in small huts built specifically for the purpose. Locally known as 'kurma ghars', they are generally located on the periphery of the village, near a river or pond. She further adds that these girls are not allowed to enter the main house or participate in any social or religious activities. Megha is taken aback. She asks whether all women follow this practice. Ratna nods and says it has been the custom for generations. Even schoolgirls stay in these huts and miss classes during their periods. Ratna admits that many in the village, including herself, never questioned the practice. The explanation unsettles Megha. She finds it hard to believe that a natural biological function leads to such exclusion. Before returning to the city, Megha observes that even educated family members seem to accept and follow these customs. The experience leaves a deep impact on her. She starts reading more about menstrual taboos and their impact on women's health, dignity, and education. As a sociology student, she recognises how such traditions are linked to patriarchy and social stigma. She begins to reflect on what she can do at her level to improve the current situation, without alienating the community or disrespecting its traditions.\na. Suggest a course of action Megha can take to sensitize her village community without appearing disrespectful or confrontational.\nb. What ethical principles and methods should guide her actions while engaging with the community?\nc. How is menstruation related to human rights?","20","20"],[35,"a. मेघा द्वारा अपने गांव के समुदाय को असम्मानजनक या टकरावपूर्ण व्यवहार किए बिना संवेदनशील बनाने के लिए अपनाई जा सकने वाली कार्यवाही का सुझाव दीजिए।\nb. समुदाय के साथ जुड़ते समय उसके कार्यों को किन नैतिक सिद्धांतों और तरीकों से निर्देशित किया जाना चाहिए?\nc. मासिक धर्म मानव अधिकारों से किस प्रकार संबंधित है?","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[39,"Q.9) Gopal is an 80-year-old man living in a remote and an underdeveloped village in a Central Indian state. He had been residing in a small mud house for years. When he came to know about the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana-Gramin (PMAY-G), he saw a glimmer of hope for a pucca house in the last phase of his life. However, the village sarpanch and panchayat secretary told him that to be eligible under the scheme, he must first demolish his existing house so that during a site inspection, no structure would be visible at the location. Subsequently, Gopal demolished his shelter and began living under a babool tree. For nearly six months, he has been staying in the open, braving harsh weather conditions. During this time, he has repeatedly visited the panchayat office but has been told that his application cannot be processed as he lacks the necessary documents. You are the officer-in-charge of implementing PMAY-G in the district. The case of Gopal reaches you through a prominent newspaper report. You personally visit him to understand the situation on the ground. After meeting him and listening to his account, you feel that he certainly needs support. Your enquiries confirm that he is truly destitute and living in a pitiable condition under the open sky. It is also established that he demolished his house based on a faulty interpretation of the scheme by panchayat officials. However, he has no documents to show that he fulfils the eligibility criteria under the scheme. Now you are in a dilemma. Including him under the scheme without the necessary documents would clearly be a violation of rules. But denying him support would be cruel and inhuman.\na. Can you think of a rational way to resolve this dilemma?\nb. Give your reasons for it.\nc. What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?","20","250"],[44,"Q.10 You are working as an Assistant Section Officer in the District Development and Panchayat Office. One day, one of your close colleagues approaches you in deep distress. She tells you that her father is suffering from a severe liver condition, and the doctors have clearly stated that he must undergo liver transplant immediately in order to survive. She shares that she has no health insurance, and the surgery would cost around Rs 15 lakh. You are aware that her husband passed away a few years ago, and that she also has a four-year-old son with special needs. Just a few weeks ago, she also lost all her savings in a digital arrest scam. As a widow from a lower middle-class family, her options are extremely limited. Although you feel deeply empathetic, you are unable to offer financial assistance, as you do not have the resources to help.\nA few weeks later, you enquire about her father's health. She informs you that the liver transplant surgery was successful and that her father is now recovering steadily. Relieved, you ask how she managed to arrange the funds. Hesitantly, she confides that the District Development and Panchayat Officer (DDPO) helped her. Moved by her situation, the DDPO facilitated the release of Rs 15 lakh from the fund allocated to a rural sanitation scheme. The implementation of this scheme had been put on hold for a year due to technical issues and pending site approvals. She explains that the amount was provided on the assurance of strict confidentiality and with a commitment to repay it at the earliest. She expresses deep gratitude for the DDPO's timely help, which she believes saved her father's life. She has already begun repaying the money and will continue to do so until it is all returned.\na. Discuss the ethical issues involved in the case.\nb. Examine the behavior of DPDO from an ethical point of view.\nc. How would you react to the situation?","20 marks, 250","20"],[49,"Q.11 Nithin is the head of the Marketing Department at Pehnava Clothings Ltd., a reputed apparel manufacturing company with a strong global presence. Known for its professionalism and consistent performance, the company had earned a credible name in both domestic and international markets. However, the firm was going through difficult times. For three consecutive quarters, it had witnessed a steep decline in sales. This trend had raised serious concerns among the top management regarding the company's competitiveness, profitability, and long-term stability. To address the situation, the leadership decided to restructure the marketing division and bring in dynamic leadership. A senior marketing executive, Mr. A, was hired after a rigorous selection process. He had an impressive career record and was known for turning around sales performance in other firms and building strong brand identities. With high expectations placed upon him, Mr. A was seen as the key figure to steer the company out of crisis. Mr. A soon began delivering results. Within a year, the company's revenue had almost doubled, and its brand visibility had increased significantly. His bold marketing strategies, proactive outreach, and innovative campaigns received appreciation from various quarters within the company. His performance drew the attention of the top management. There were deliberations about assigning him a larger role within the company, with a focus on long-term business strategy. He was also being considered for an internal award for 'Excellence in Leadership and Innovation'. However, alongside professional success of Mr. A, Nithin began receiving troubling feedback about his conduct in the workplace. Informal reports indicated that he frequently made inappropriate comments about women. In addition, he regularly sent indecent messages via social media apps to all team members, including his female colleagues. Although no formal complaint was lodged initially, Nithin could sense tension within the team, and signs of discomfort were becoming increasingly apparent. Some employees even started avoiding direct interaction with Mr. A. Team morale and interpersonal trust were gradually eroding, but employees remained hesitant to speak openly. The matter escalated one evening when Mrs. X, one of Mr. A's team members approached Nithin. Visibly disturbed and emotionally shaken, she disclosed that Mr. A had repeatedly engaged in inappropriate behavior towards her. She added that Mr. A had been making undesirable advances towards her and had even tried to touch her inappropriately in his cabin. She urged Nithin to take appropriate action in the matter, or else she would have no option but to resign from her position.\na Bring out the ethical issues involved in this case.\nb What are the options available to Nithin?\nc Critically examine each of the options identified by Nithin.\nd Which of the options, do you think, would be more appropriate for Nithin to adopt and why?","20","20"],[50,"a. इस मामले में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों को स्पष्ट करें।\nb. नितिन के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\nc. नितिन द्वारा पहचाने गए प्रत्येक विकल्प का आलोचनात्मक परीक्षण करें।\nd. नितिन के लिए कौन सा विकल्प अपनाना अधिक उपयुक्त होगा और क्यों?\na इस मामले में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों को स्पष्ट करें।\nb नितिन के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\nc नितिन द्वारा पहचाने गए प्रत्येक विकल्प का आलोचनात्मक परीक्षण करें।\nd नितिन के लिए कौन सा विकल्प अपनाना अधिक उपयुक्त होगा और क्यों?","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[55,"Q.19 You are appointed as an officer heading the Air Quality Compliance Division of the Environment Pollution Control Board in Delhi-NCR. The region is witnessing alarming levels of air pollution, which typically worsen during the winter months due to various meteorological and anthropogenic factors. The situation has led to severe public health concerns, particularly affecting vulnerable groups such as the elderly, children, and those with respiratory illnesses. The Supreme Court has also raised serious concern over the deteriorating air quality in Delhi-NCR and has directed the administration to take immediate and effective measures to control pollution, especially during the winter months. Your jurisdiction has a large number of small and medium-scale industries that were granted environmental clearance over the years. These industries form the backbone of the local economy and provide employment to a significant number of migrant workers. However, recent inspections and air quality monitoring reports indicate that a significant number of these units are operating in violation of prescribed air emission norms. As part of targeted measures to curb air pollution, you issued notices to all identified polluting units, directing them to apply for fresh environmental clearance certificates from the competent authority. However, your decision triggered strong opposition from a section of industrial units, labour unions, and local politicians. Industrial owners argued that such action would lead to production shutdowns, financial losses, and shortages of their products in the market. Labour unions and workers also protested, fearing mass unemployment and livelihood insecurity. Local politicians and vested interests accused you of jeopardising the socio-economic stability of the region. You received representations from various quarters urging you to withdraw the notices and not initiate harsh measures, citing the interests of multiple stakeholders. Additionally, you began receiving anonymous threats, aimed at coercing you into reversing your decision. On the other hand, several of your colleagues supported your stance, encouraging you to act in the larger public interest. Several local NGOs and environmental groups rallied behind your actions, demanding the immediate closure of polluting units.\na. Under the given conditions, what are the options available to you?\nb. Critically evaluate each of the options listed by you.\nc. What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by you?","20","250"]]},{"i":365,"t":"Garv Garg","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":2025,"r":192,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/GARV-GARG-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-192-Sample-MGP-Copy-4.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) Rising influence of money power in Indian elections poses a serious challenge to transparency, fairness, and democratic accountability. How can ethical electoral funding be ensured to maintain the integrity of democracy?","10","150"],[4,"1 How ethical electoral funding be ensured?","",""],[5,"b) Explain the key dimensions of ethics that influence human behaviour. How do these dimensions shape ethical decision-making in private life?","10","150"],[7,"Q.2) a) \"Academic freedom is the bedrock of scholarly inquiry and intellectual progress.\" Examine the ethical issues that arise when educational institutions yield to political, social, or economic pressures and compromises academic freedom.","10","150"],[9,"b) Fortitude enables a civil servant to make difficult yet morally right decisions. Explain with reference to real-life examples.","10","150"],[11,"Q.3) Given below are the three quotations of great thinkers. What do each of these quotations convey to you in the present context?\na) \"When learning is purposeful, creativity blossoms. When creativity blossoms, thinking emanates. When thinking emanates, knowledge is lit, the economy flourishes.\" - Abdul Kalam","10","150"],[13,"b) \"The difference between what we do and what we are capable of doing would suffice to solve most of the world's problems.\" - Mahatma Gandhi","10","150"],[15,"c) \"Love and compassion are necessities, not luxuries. Without them, humanity cannot survive.\" - Dalai Lama","10 marks) [150","10"],[17,"Q.4) a) What do you understand by the term 'probity in governance'? Explain how probity acts as the foundation of ethical public administration.","10","150"],[18,"How positivity acts as foundation for ethical public administration.","",""],[19,"b) \"Starvation must not be used as a weapon of war.\" Yet, parties involved in conflicts often resort to the blockade of food and medical aid to civilians in conflict zones, deepening the humanitarian crisis. Powerful nations, despite their capacity to intervene, tend to prioritise strategic interests over humanitarian concerns. What ethical considerations should guide powerful nations in preventing such actions and ensuring unimpeded humanitarian access?","10","150"],[21,"Q.5 a) What teachings of Mahavira are most relevant today and why? Discuss.","10","150"],[23,"b) \"In contemporary times, social media platforms have emerged as powerful agents in shaping individual and societal attitudes.\" Do you agree with this view? Justify your answer.","10","150"],[25,"Q.6) a) What do you understand by the 'voice of conscience'? In what ways can you prepare yourself to listen to the voice of conscience?","10 marks, 150","10"],[26,"How can this vein be healed","",""],[27,"b) Effective utilisation of public funds is not merely an administrative requirement but a moral responsibility of those entrusted with public office. However, instances of funds allocated to government schemes lying idle or being diverted towards extraneous purposes continue to be reported across the country. Examine the reasons for under-utilization and mis-utilization of public funds and their implications.","10","150"],[29,"Q.7) A rail overbridge (ROB) is being planned in the capital city of a central Indian state. The project aims to reduce traffic congestion and ease delays at railway crossings, which affect thousands of daily commuters. It had been a long-standing demand of local residents, and the government approved it to address persistent traffic bottlenecks in the area. The project is to be executed by the State Public Works Department (PWD), with a strict completion deadline of one year i.e. 31st July 2026. The PWD Minister, who is also the local MLA, is scheduled to inaugurate the project in the third week of August 2026. This is planned to take place shortly before the expected announcement of state elections. Ramesh has been selected as the project manager of this prestigious assignment on the basis of his professional competence and experience. While reviewing the approved design plans in preparation for execution, Ramesh identifies a serious flaw. The proposed alignment includes a sharp 90-degree turn, incorporated due to spatial constraints between an electrified railway line on one side and ongoing metro construction on the other. From a technical standpoint, Ramesh believes the design is unsafe. It increases the risk of vehicular accidents, especially for heavy vehicles, and may lead to long-term inconvenience for road users. Ramesh promptly raises the issue with the Chief Engineer. However, the Chief Engineer overrules the concern. He states that the General Arrangement Drawing (GAD) has already been approved by the Bridge Engineering Department, in coordination with Indian Railways. He points out that revisiting the design at this stage shall result in project delays, increased expenditure, and unwanted political attention. Subsequently, Ramesh comes to know that the contractor awarded the tender to execute the project is a close relative of the PWD Minister. He also receives unofficial communication suggesting that his promotion to Additional Chief Engineer is under active consideration, but could be jeopardised if he creates \"unnecessary hurdles\" in the project's timely completion. The incumbent state government is eager to complete the overbridge before the elections and present it as a major developmental achievement. This adds to the pressure on Ramesh to expedite project execution without raising further objections. Nonetheless, he remains convinced that the current design is flawed and could have grave implications for public safety if left unaddressed. Meanwhile, the bridge design has also attracted widespread public attention after being published in a leading local newspaper. Images of the sharp 90-degree turn went viral on social media, drawing criticism and ridicule. Several engineering experts have publicly flagged the alignment as a potential safety hazard, reinforcing Ramesh's concerns.\na) Under the given conditions, what are the options available to Ramesh as a project manager?\nb) What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by Ramesh?\nc) What are the professional challenges likely to be faced by Ramesh and his response to overcome such challenges?","","20"],[30,"a) दी गई परिस्थितियों में, एक परियोजना प्रबंधक के रूप में रमेश के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\nb) रमेश को किन नैतिक दुविधाओं का सामना करना पड़ रहा है?\nc) रमेश को किन व्यावसायिक चुनौतियों का सामना करना पड़ सकता है तथा ऐसी चुनौतियों पर नियंत्रण पाने के लिए उसकी क्या प्रतिक्रिया होनी चाहिए?","","20 अंक"],[35,"Q.8 Srushti is a young and dynamic IPS officer, posted as Assistant Superintendent of Police (ASP) in a communally sensitive district. Her husband, Arjun, is an IAS officer and posted as Sub-Divisional Magistrate (SDM) in the same district. Both are honest, sincere and deeply committed to their work. They have a daughter who is just four months old, and is looked after by a domestic helper. Srushti resumed duty just two weeks ago after six months of maternity leave.\nAt 9 PM on Saturday night, Srushti is in her office reviewing the security arrangements with her team for an upcoming local festival. The situation in the area has been tense throughout the week due to a flare-up between two communities over a petty issue. Around 9:30 PM, she gets a call from the Superintendent of Police. He asks her to prepare a detailed law and order brief for a high-level meeting the next morning.\nSrushti reaches home at 10 PM, feeling exhausted. She has not been getting proper sleep during the week due to frequent night patrolling. Arjun also returns around the same time after a long day in the field. Their daughter has been unwell and cried through most of the previous night. Arjun expresses concern about Srushti's heavy workload and the baby's condition. He tells her that she can not keep pushing herself like this and that the child needs more of her attention. Srushti replies that she cannot afford to step back. She adds that people are already judging her and questioning her commitment to work for availing maternity leave. The conversation gradually turns into an argument. Arjun feels Srushti is ignoring her health and family, while Srushti feels judged and unsupported.\nLater that night, as Srushti sits at her desk preparing the report, she pauses and reflects on the purpose of her work. She had joined the IPS to serve the people and protect the vulnerable. But now, she wonders if she is being fair to her own child and family. Even as recently as last week, she had to cancel the family dinner as she had to attend an urgent meeting at the SP office. She also feels the weight of expectations. Male officers with children are rarely questioned. But as a new mother, she is constantly under scrutiny. Many in the department believe that women, especially new mothers, are not suitable for field duty.\nSrushti starts thinking about her options. She knows that whatever decision she makes will not only impact her own future but also influence the expectations placed on other working mothers in uniform.\na) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\nb) Evaluate the options available to Srushti in the above situation.\nc) What suggestions would you make to help officers like Srushti maintain a healthy work-life balance.","20","250"],[36,"a) उपयुक्त मामले में नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं?\nb) उपरोक्त स्थिति में सृष्टि के लिए उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन करें।\nc) सृष्टि जैसे अधिकारियों को स्वस्थ कार्य-जीवन संतुलन बनाए रखने में मदद करने के लिए आप क्या सुझाव देंगे?\na) उपयुक्त मामले में नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं?\nb) उपरोक्त स्थिति में सृष्टि के लिए उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन करें।\nc) सृष्टि जैसे अधिकारियों को स्वस्थ कार्य-जीवन संतुलन बनाए रखने में मदद करने के लिए आप क्या सुझाव देंगे?","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[41,"Q.9) A reputed Indian beauty & personal care company developed a herbal skin cream for the international market, claiming anti-ageing and skin-repair properties based on traditional Ayurvedic formulations. After obtaining the necessary approvals and export certifications, the company began exporting the product. The product received widespread positive feedback for its quality and natural formulation, and soon became a huge hit in international markets. Riding on this success, the company announced that the product would soon be made available to domestic consumers, with almost the same quality and health benefits.\n\nSubsequently, it secured approval from the domestic regulatory authority and launched the product in the Indian market. Over time, the brand gained a significant share of the domestic market and earned substantial revenues both nationally and internationally.\n\nHowever, during a random sample check, officials discovered that the cream sold in India differed from the version approved by the competent authority. The product failed to meet the claimed herbal composition and purity standards. Further investigation revealed that the company had often been distributing batches that had failed export quality checks.\n\nThe incident triggered widespread public criticism and regulatory scrutiny, leading to a sharp decline in the company’s reputation and financial performance.\na) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the case.\nb) What actions should the competent regulatory authority take against the personal care company for violating domestic quality standards and distributing rejected export batches in the Indian market?\nc) What course of action is available to the company to manage the crisis and restore public trust and brand credibility?","20","250"],[44,"5 Warn of permanent sealing of company if misconduct is repeated (Dillard's fear theory).","",""],[46,"Q.10) A forest fire has broken out in a hilly district and is rapidly spreading toward an eco-sensitive area that includes four villages (ESA villages). These villages lie along the forest fringe and are surrounded by difficult terrain. The region is known for its biodiversity and traditional forest-based livelihoods. The inhabitants of these villages are mostly poor tribal communities, dependent on forest resources for their sustenance.\nYou, as the District Magistrate of the area, have rushed to the spot with a medical team, police personnel, NGOs, media, and support staff to oversee the rescue and containment operations. Your disaster response team on the ground is small and poorly equipped. Reinforcements from the district headquarter have been requested, but they may take several hours to arrive due to the remoteness and challenging terrain.\nIn the meantime, a group of trained ex-forest guards and local youth from the villages offer to help. They are experienced and familiar with the area. However, existing government rules do not permit the engagement of unofficial personnel in fire control operations without formal clearance and insurance coverage.\nYour team members are divided on this issue. Some members argue that volunteers should be engaged immediately to prevent the fire from spreading. Others caution that involving them without proper approval and safety cover could be risky and against protocol.\nAs the District Magistrate, you are also the Chairperson of the District Disaster Management Authority (DDMA). The fire is spreading at a very rapid rate, and immediate action is required to protect lives, property, and the environment. You are now in a dilemma.\na) What are the options available to you?\nb) Critically evaluate each of the options identified by you.\nc) What option would you adopt and why?\nd) What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by you?","20","250"],[51,"a) Identify the ethical issues involved in this case.\nb) What course of action should Manpi adopt and why?\nc) What should be the responsibilities of different social segments and agencies to create positive social ambiance for accepting such changes?\na) Identify the ethical issues involved in this case.\nb) What course of action should Manpi adopt and why?\nc) What should be the responsibilities of different social segments and agencies to create positive social ambiance for accepting such changes?","","20"],[52,"Q1 Core highlights parallel of caste based segregation of food prepared in midday meal in a school.\n(a) Ethical Issues\n1) Discrimination against Dr. Ambedkar's ideology.\n2) Poor education environment filled with caste hatred.\n3) Against constitutional morality - Article 15, 16, 18.\n4) Irrationalism of society to protest against rightful decision of headmistress.\n5) Effect on education of students if parents stopped sending children to school.","",""],[56,"a) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the case.\nb) What are the options available to CJI in this situation?\nc) Suggest our present course of action.\na) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the case.\nb) What are the options available to CJI in this situation?\nc) Suggest our present course of action.","21","150"]]},{"i":366,"t":"Gaurav Chopra","c":"Forumias","p":"Essay","y":2025,"r":83,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/GAURAV-CHOPRAUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-83-Sample-ESSAY-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"4. An India that is not pluralist is not India at all.","",""],[16,"1. True peace is not merely the absence of tension; it is the presence of justice.","",""]]},{"i":369,"t":"Gaurav Chopra","c":"Forumias","p":"GS1","y":2025,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/GAURAV-CHOPRAUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-83Sample-MGP-Copy-3.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1 \"Bhagavad Gita and Natyashastra are not merely texts; they exemplify the timeless wisdom, richness and diversity of Indian knowledge traditions.\" Elaborate.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) The Harappan civilization was a \"technological powerhouse\" that laid the foundation for sophisticated urban living in ancient South Asia. In light of this statement, discuss the key technological breakthroughs and contributions of this Bronze Age culture.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) Why is the First World War considered as the first 'total' war in modern history?","10","150"],[9,"Q.4 Highlight the differences in the approach of Bhagat Singh and Mahatma Gandhi in the struggle for freedom.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5 Briefly explain the processes through which the earth-atmosphere system maintains heat balance.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6 What characteristics of the monsoon climate play a crucial role in sustaining agriculture in Monsoon Asia?","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) Account for the factors influencing the location of semiconductor industries across the world.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8 Unemployment is not just an economic challenge, but a social one with far-reaching consequences. In this context, discuss the social impact of unemployment in the country.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9) Globalization has facilitated the influx of global brands and multinational corporations into the Indian market, significantly altering the consumer behaviour. Do you agree? Justify your answer.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10) Discuss how social media is reshaping identity formation and self-worth among adolescents in contemporary Indian society.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11) The fusion of Islamic architectural styles with indigenous Indian traditions played a key role in the evolution of Indo-Islamic architecture in the country. Discuss with examples.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12 ‘Emergency’ is one of the most controversial and widely debated events in Indian politics. How far do you agree with the view that it was imposed to fulfil individual political goals rather than serve national interests? Also, discuss the short-term and long-term impacts of the Emergency.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 What are 'atmospheric rivers'? How do they influence global weather patterns and impact human settlements?","15","250"],[32,"Q.14) Despite sharing a similar latitude, why does the Mediterranean climate vary from the China-type climate? How do the differences in climate affect life and economic activities in the region?","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 \"The tropical Indian Ocean is likely to be in a near-permanent heatwave state.\" Discuss the factors responsible for the rapid warming of the Indian Ocean along with its multi-dimensional impacts.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16 How can the demographic transition in the southern states, marked by low fertility rates and an aging population, impact the region's economic growth and social welfare policies?","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 Incidence of extreme rainfall events and flash floods in recent times has led to devastating consequences for major cities of India. Analyse.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 “Air pollution is as much an issue of equity and justice as it is an environmental one.” Elaborate with examples.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 Analyze the socio-cultural factors contributing to the high attrition rate among women in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) careers in India. Suggest measures to improve their retention in STEM.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 \"Caste census is relevant and necessary for any well-designed policy to reduce social inequality\". Comment.","15","250"]]},{"i":370,"t":"Gaurav Chopra","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2025,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/GAURAV-CHOPRAUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-83Sample-MGP-Copy-4.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) Examine the scope and significance of the Supreme Court's advisory jurisdiction under Article 143 of the Constitution.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) What is delimitation, and why is it important? What challenges are associated with the delimitation exercise in India?","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) How has asymmetric federalism helped India accommodate its diverse regional needs? Discuss with suitable examples.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) Explain how the terms 'socialist' and 'secular' in the Preamble embody specific meanings in the Indian context.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5 The role of State Finance Commissions in building regional equity and strengthening the federal link has largely been underutilized. Discuss.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6 How far do you think has the National Commission for Protection of Child Rights (NCPCR) been successful in protecting and promoting child rights in India?","10","150"],[14,"4 Investigate into the issues of violence against children.","",""],[15,"Q.7 Outline the salient features of New Education Policy (NEP) 2020 related to school education. What does it state about the medium of instruction in schools?","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) Throw light on the legal frameworks that are in place to ensure women's safety in India. What further steps are needed to enhance their safety and well-being?","10","150"],[19,"Q.9 \"A multipolar world order is not merely an option but a necessity\". Elaborate. How can India leverage its position to strengthen multipolarity in the global arena?","10","150"],[21,"Q.10 \"ASEAN is the cornerstone of India's Act East Policy and its Indo-Pacific vision.\" Elucidate.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11) Discuss the various administrative challenges faced by local self-governments (LSGs). What measures do you suggest for devolving administrative powers to LSGs, enabling them to function as institutions of genuine self-governance?","15","250"],[26,"Q.12 In light of recent developments, the Collegium system and the Supreme Court's decision to strike down the National Judicial Appointments Commission (NJAC) Act, 2014 have once again come under scrutiny. Do you think that a NJAC-like body can make judicial appointments more transparent, broad-based, and accountable? Justify your answer.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 Differentiate between the clemency powers of the Presidents of India and the USA. Also, critically examine the vesting of clemency power in the executive.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14) What constitutes corrupt practices under the Representation of the People Act, 1951? Also, discuss the challenges in curbing such malpractices and suggest remedial measures.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 Discuss the role of the Vice-President as the Chairman of the Rajya Sabha. Also describe the procedure for his/her removal from office.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16 \"Universal Basic Income (UBI) is a viable solution to eradicate extreme poverty in India.\" Critically discuss the statement.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 What are the key determinants of malnutrition among under-five children in the country? Also, elaborate on the role of nutrition-specific and nutrition-sensitive interventions in addressing this issue.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 \"Data is the raw material of Artificial Intelligence.\" In this context, discuss the need for transparent and accountable data governance frameworks in India. What steps has the government taken in this regard?","15","250"],[47,"Q.19) Critically examine the role of International Monetary Fund (IMF) in addressing debt distress in the Global South. How can India use its post-G20 presidency momentum to push IMF reforms?","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 \"In a fluid geopolitical arena, engagement without formal endorsement is a pragmatic middle path.\" Do you agree? Explain in the context of India's current approach towards the Taliban regime in Afghanistan.","15","250"]]},{"i":367,"t":"Gaurav Chopra","c":"Forumias","p":"GS3","y":2025,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/GAURAV-CHOPRAUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-83Sample-MGP-Copy-1-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) What is a 'Census'? Discuss the importance of Census for the economy and policy making.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Assess the role of NITI Aayog over the past decade in transforming the country's approach to planning and development.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) Discuss various measures taken by the Government to strengthen the Cooperative movement and ensure \"Sahakar Se Samriddhi\".","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) India remains significantly dependent on imports to meet its pulses demand. Examine the key challenges in achieving self-reliance in pulses. Also, mention the major government initiatives taken in this regard.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) What is a 'Black box'? Explain its significance in flight safety and airplane crash investigations.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6 How does NISAR mission exemplify international cooperation in space exploration and scientific research? In what ways will it help in climate change monitoring and natural hazard management?","10","150"],[15,"Q.7 While oceans are considered among mankind's best allies in the fight against climate change, they are themselves heavily impacted by the same. Discuss.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) \"Disasters cannot be managed by a single agency, department, or ministry on its own. It requires a whole-of-government and whole-of-society approach.\" Elucidate.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9 The convergence of organized crime and terrorism presents a formidable challenge to the country's internal security. Analyse.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10) In an era of complex security challenges, examine the ways in which the private sector can contribute to strengthening India's internal security.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11) Recently, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) announced a transfer of surplus to the Union Government for the financial year 2024-25. What does 'surplus' mean in this context? How does the RBI generate it, and what is its significance for the country's fiscal policy?","15","250"],[26,"Q.12) Examine the role of Public-Private Partnership (PPP) model in the development of ports in India.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 \"Legalizing the Minimum Support Price (MSP) would create more challenges than it resolves.\" Comment.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 Why does India's agricultural export performance remain weak despite high production levels? What measures would you suggest to improve agri-export competitiveness?","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 How the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) can help India in its socio-economic development? Identify the hurdles in its large-scale adoption and suggest corrective measures.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16) What is a Geographical Indication (GI)? What are the legal frameworks governing it? How does it differ from a trademark? How can GI infringement be tackled?","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 \"Mangroves contribute significantly to the coastal economy and ecology, but they are threatened by numerous factors\". Elaborate. Also, state the measures taken by the government for mangrove conservation and restoration.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18) What is oil pollution? What are its impacts on the marine ecosystem? In what way is oil pollution particularly harmful for a country like India?","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have become an integral aspect of modern conflict and warfare, employed by both state and non-state actors. Discuss its implications for India's security architecture and state the measures being taken to address them. Also suggest other steps to tackle the threats emanating from UAVs.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20) Maritime security challenges are complex, driven by both conventional and non-conventional threats. In this context, discuss the key maritime security challenges in India. Also, highlight the measures taken by the government in this regard.","15","250"]]},{"i":368,"t":"Gaurav Chopra","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":2025,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/GAURAV-CHOPRAUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-83Sample-MGP-Copy-2.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) The increasing use of digital surveillance technologies for maintaining law and order is a debatable issue. Critically examine the statement from the ethical point of view.","10","150"],[5,"b) Knowledge and skills are important, but they must be grounded in ethical principles for true success. In this context, discuss the importance of ethics in education and the role of educational institutions in imparting ethical values.","10","150"],[7,"Q.2) a) How does persuasion help achieve a desired change in attitude? What are the elements of an effective persuasive approach?","10","150"],[9,"b) While scientific research drives technological progress and societal development, its funding often raises ethical questions. What ethical concerns arise from corporate sponsorship of scientific research, and how can these be addressed?","10","150"],[11,"Q.3) Given below are three quotations of great thinkers. What do each of these quotations convey to you in the present context?\na) \"Where do the evils like corruption arise from? It comes from the never-ending greed. The fight for corruption-free ethical society will have to be fought against this greed and replace it with 'what can I give' spirit.\" - A.P.J. Abdul Kalam","10","150"],[13,"b) \"The greatest glory in living lies not in never failing, but in rising every time we fail.\" - Nelson Mandela","10","150"],[15,"c) \"Your goodness is an impediment in your way, so let your eyes be red with anger, and try to fight the injustice with a firm hand.\" - Sardar Patel","10","150"],[17,"Q.4) a) What do you understand by the term \"Conflict of Interest\"? How does it manifest in the decision making by public servants? In what ways can it be minimized?","10","150"],[19,"b) \"In post-conflict rehabilitation, the pursuit of justice must be balanced with the need for reconciliation.\" Examine this statement in the context of addressing ethnic violence.","10","150"],[21,"Q.5) a) In the ever-evolving landscape of academic institutions, administrators must not only manage academic issues but also emotional and interpersonal dynamics. In this context, discuss the significance of emotionally intelligent administrators in higher education.","10","150"],[23,"b) \"The recognition of the horrors of nuclear weapons should compel nations to move towards meaningful disarmament. However, geopolitical interests continue to hinder genuine progress in this direction. What are the ethical considerations of nuclear states to pursue global disarmament, and how can the international community balance security concerns with the moral imperative of a nuclear-free world?\"","10","150"],[25,"Q.6) a) \"Probity in governance is an essential and vital requirement for an efficient and effective system of governance and for socio-economic development.\" Discuss the statement with examples.","10","150"],[26,"4 In line with Ethical governance and good governance principles of World Bank.","",""],[27,"b) How can responsible and informed social media use be nurtured among children to make the internet a safer space for them?","10","150"],[29,"Q.7 Arushi is a young IPS officer known for her competence, integrity, and relentless dedication to challenging tasks. Recognizing her excellent track record, her superiors have chosen her to handle a sensitive assignment in a tribal-dominated district notorious for illegal bauxite mining. Here, the mafia mines bauxite from mineral-rich lands, transports it by truck, and sells it on the black market. This illegal operation thrives with the support of certain local officials and tribal musclemen who intimidate the local population and bribe select poor tribals to maintain control and silence.\n\nUpon assuming the new role, Arushi quickly grasps the ground realities and identifies the mafia's modus operandi, characterized by a series of devious tactics. Her inquiries reveal that several employees in her office are colluding with the mafia, forming an unholy nexus that enables these illegal operations. Determined to dismantle this network, she initiates strict actions, including raids on trucks transporting illegally mined bauxite. These actions significantly disrupt the mafia's operations, unsettling criminals unaccustomed to such resistance. Some office employees allegedly allied with the mafia inform the criminals of her determination to dismantle their operations, posing a serious threat to their profits. In response, the mafia adopts a counter-offensive strategy. Tribal strongmen and mafia operatives begin issuing direct threats to her, warning of severe consequences if the raids continue. Her family (husband and elderly mother) are stalked and placed under virtual surveillance, causing mental anguish and stress for them all. Matters assume serious propositions when a muscleman appears in her office and threatens that if she does not halt raids, etc., she will suffer the same fate as a predecessor officer who was killed by the mafia a decade earlier.\na) Discuss the ethical issues involved in this case.\nb) Identify and evaluate the different options available to Arushi under the given situation.\nc) Which option would she adopt and why?","20","250"],[34,"Q.8) The Siang Upper Multipurpose Project (SUMP) is proposed on a river in a northeastern state of India, a recognized biodiversity hotspot. Covered in dense forests, this region harbors a rich diversity of flora and fauna, including numerous endemic species. Although sparsely populated, the region's communities have livelihoods and cultural practices deeply intertwined with the natural landscape. Its ecological wealth has been preserved over the years due to its environmental significance and cultural heritage. Additionally, the Upper Siang basin holds immense strategic importance due to its proximity to international borders, offering potential leverage in regional security and resource management.\nThe SUMP aims to harness the river's energy for economic growth, proposing infrastructure that includes an 11,000 MW “mega dam,” power stations, and transmission lines that could transform the state into a renewable energy hub. Proponents argue that the project will boost the state's economy through power generation, employment, and enhanced infrastructure while also helping meet the country's clean energy targets.\nHowever, a local NGO has raised concerns about the ecological and social costs of SUMP. The project would require extensive forest clearance, which plays a crucial role in carbon sequestration. Additionally, experts warn that construction activities could disturb the region's delicate ecosystems. This may affect riverine biodiversity and increase the risk of soil erosion and sedimentation, with potential downstream effects on agriculture and water quality. Another major issue raised is the potential displacement and cultural impact on local communities. This could threaten their subsistence-based livelihoods and disrupt their way of life. Critics also highlight that the project may contradict India's commitments to sustainable development.\nDespite these concerns, supporters of the project argue that SUMP's strategic importance and clean energy potential cannot be ignored. Moreover, they emphasize the project's strategic location, which would strengthen energy security, reduce regional inequalities, and contribute to the country's long-term development goals. They argue that amidst rising energy demands, the country cannot afford to forgo such an opportunity, especially given the presence of hydroelectric projects across borders that could shift regional control over water resources.\n(a) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\n(b) In your opinion, which should take priority between development and conservation, and why?","20","250"],[35,"(a) उपयुक्त परिस्थिति में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों का वर्णन कीजिए? (b) आपकी राय में विकास और संरक्षण में से किसे प्राथमिकता दी जानी चाहिए और क्यों?","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[39,"Q.9 Inside a busy city administration office, Joint Municipal Commissioner Keerthi, who also serves as the Public Information Officer (PIO), faces a challenging situation. Recently, an RTI application has been received, demanding details about public infrastructure projects initiated during her tenure. Upon reviewing the requested information, Keerthi discovers that certain decisions made regarding these projects were not entirely sound in hindsight. These decisions, although taken in good faith and after due diligence, failed to realize promised outcomes. There were other employees also who were party to this decision. The disclosure of this information could potentially lead to scrutiny and backlash against herself, the employees, and contractors involved. Known for her integrity and commitment to public service, Keerthi finds herself at a crossroads. The RTI Act has served as a critical check against administrative arbitrariness, ensuring transparency and accountability. However, she also observes a troubling trend. RTI applications are often used by vested interests and activists seeking personal gain rather than genuine public interest. Some activists even resort to threats or extortion tactics, undermining the integrity of the RTI process. She fears the requested RTI information could be similarly exploited. Moreover, the employees involved are requesting her to withhold the information. In navigating this situation, Keerthi weighs her options carefully.\n(a) Critically examine the options available to Keerthi in the above situation.\n(b) Which of the above would be the most appropriate for Keerthi and why?","20","250"],[44,"Q.10 Littering at popular tourist destinations has become a significant environmental and ethical concern in India. A recent incident highlighted this issue when tourists were observed throwing tissue papers and a cake box on the road after celebrating a birthday. When a local politely requested them to use a nearby dustbin just 5 feet away, the tourists dismissed the appeal, claiming no dustbin was available. The situation escalated when their driver threw a plastic bag into the adjacent valley.\n\nPublic reactions to the incident were divided. Some individuals commended the intervention as an effort to promote civic responsibility, emphasizing the need to protect fragile ecosystems like hill stations. Many argued that tourists must adhere to basic environmental ethics and that public spaces are a shared responsibility. Critics also highlighted the broader implications of such irresponsible behavior on the environment and local livelihoods.\n\nOn the other hand, the tourists involved accused those intervening of interfering in their personal affairs, claiming their privacy was being violated. The argument that the tourists were being publicly shamed through the viral video added another layer to the ethical debate. Many questioned whether posting such incidents online, even for a social cause, was appropriate or necessary.\n\nThe debate continues, with one side emphasizing the collective responsibility to preserve public spaces and the environment, while the other raises concerns about individual privacy and autonomy.\n(a) What are the ethical concerns associated with tourists littering at public destinations?\n(b) How can ethical tourism practices be integrated into policies to address issues like littering at tourist destinations?\n(c) Suggest a course of action that balances environmental responsibility and individual rights. Justify your answer.","20","250"],[49,"Q.11 You are the Operations Manager at a fast-growing technology startup, NexGen Solutions, known for its innovative projects and timely delivery. The startup's environment is fast-paced, with tight deadlines and high expectations from clients and investors. Your current project, creating a cutting-edge AI based application, is critical for securing upcoming funding and partnerships. Your small, capable team includes four software developers and two project coordinators, with an equal number of men and women.\nRecently, the team has encountered major challenges. Priya, one of the female developers, has requested leave to care for her ailing mother. Meanwhile, another team member, Ayesha, is struggling to manage her workload along with caring for her infant child. As a result, other team members have taken on extra tasks, impacting their work-life balance and causing heightened stress. With the project deadline looming, tensions in the team have become visible. During a crucial project meeting, Karan, a senior developer, voices his frustration, saying, “Perhaps it’s not ideal to have team members who can’t fully commit during critical stages.”\nKaran’s remark triggers an immediate reaction. Neha, a project coordinator, finds his comment offensive and reports it to the Human Resources (HR) Department. She also hints that she might bring the issue to social media, which could harm the startup’s image. The HR Department, located at the company’s headquarters, investigates and recommends disciplinary action against Karan, emphasizing the importance of a respectful, inclusive workplace. Their recommendation puts you in a difficult situation. The project is already delayed, and losing a senior developer like Karan could jeopardize its timely completion.\nYou are now faced with a complex dilemma. On one hand, it’s vital to address the inappropriate comment and ensure a respectful work culture. On the other hand, you must keep the project on track without further demotivating your team.\n(a) Discuss the ethical issues involved in this case.\n(b) As the Operations Manager, how would you deal with the given situation?\n(c) Based on the case study, discuss the challenges faced by women at workplace. How can such challenges be addressed?","20","250"],[54,"Q.12 Prateek Kumar, the Project Manager, is in charge of the construction of a highly anticipated highway that is expected to drive regional development. The project aims to enhance connectivity, boost trade, and create substantial employment opportunities. Given its importance, it has become a focal point for the ruling party, which is actively promoting it as a symbol of progress ahead of the upcoming state elections next year. The timely completion of the highway is crucial, as the Chief Minister is scheduled to inaugurate it upon completion. This has led to added pressure on Prateek and his team to meet the approaching deadline, which is set for next month.\nDuring a routine inspection, Prateek discovers that a particular stretch of the highway has been built with substandard materials. This section fails to meet the required safety and durability standards, posing a serious threat to public safety and lives. If left unresolved, the compromised quality could lead to accidents, undermining both the project's credibility and the government's promises for safe and reliable infrastructure. Concerned, Prateek raises the issue with the contractor, but the contractor downplays the severity, claiming that minor adjustments will fix the problem without causing major delays.\nIn a subsequent team meeting, some senior members suggest that Prateek overlook the quality concerns to ensure the project remains on schedule. They argue that the majority of the highway meets standards and emphasize the severe economic and political consequences of delays. With elections approaching, they stress the importance of the Chief Minister's inauguration as a key political event. They warn that any delay could damage the ruling party's image, harm its electoral prospects, and potentially have repercussions for the team and the organization.\nLater, the contractor privately approaches Prateek with a substantial bribe, urging him to ignore the issue and allow the project to proceed. The contractor justifies his actions by citing financial pressures and the need to complete the project on time. Prateek is an honest and upright officer, but he understands that addressing the problem would delay the project, making it impossible to meet the deadline.\n(a) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the case.\n(b) Under the given conditions, what are the options available to Prateek as the Project Manager? Critically evaluate each of the options.\n(c) What option should Prateek adopt and why?","20","20"]]},{"i":371,"t":"Gaurav Kumar","c":"Forumias","p":"Essay","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/GAURAV-KUMAR-UPSC_IAS_2025_Toppers_AIR_377_Sample_ESSAY_1.pdf","q":[[3,"4. When we speak of 'Inclusive India', we must ask: Inclusive for whom?","",""],[9,"So, question is, what are the threats to inclusive development of above mentioned entities?","",""],[16,"1. Behavior is a function of its consequences.\n2 The age of smart devices and the decline of wise choices.\n3 Judge a man by his question, rather than his answer.\n4 Knowledge without compassion is tyranny of the intellect.","",""],[28,"Mentor's question Please, clearly state my weakness in these essay where I need instant improvement.\n1 Overall, how do you perceive me?\n2 What kind of personality about me you will construe of?","",""]]},{"i":373,"t":"Gaurav Kumar","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/GAURAV-KUMARUPSC_IAS_2025_Toppers_AIR_377_Sample_MGP-_3.pdf","q":[[2,"Q1 Money power in Indian elections poses a serious challenge to transparency, fairness, and democratic accountability. How can ethical electoral funding be ensured to maintain the integrity of democracy?","10","150"],[4,"b) Explain the key dimensions of ethics that influence human behaviour. How do these dimensions shape ethical decision-making in private life?","10","150"],[5,"4 How do they shape ethical decision in private life","",""],[6,"Q.2) a) \"Academic freedom is the bedrock of scholarly inquiry and intellectual progress.\" Examine the ethical issues that arise when educational institutions yield to political, social, or economic pressures and compromises academic freedom.","10","150"],[8,"b) Fortitude enables a civil servant to make difficult yet morally right decisions. Explain with reference to real-life examples.","10","150"],[10,"Q.3) Give the meaning of the following quotations of great thinkers. What do each of these quotations convey to you in the present context?\na) \"When learning is purposeful, creativity blossoms. When creativity blossoms, thinking emanates. When thinking emanates, knowledge is fully lit. When knowledge is lit, the economy flourishes.\" - Abdul Kalam","10","150"],[12,"b) \"The difference between what is possible and what is capable of doing would suffice to solve most of the world's problems.\" - Mahatma Gandhi","10","150"],[14,"c) \"Love and compassion are necessities, not luxuries. Without them, humanity cannot survive.\" - Dalai Lama","10","150"],[16,"Q.4) a) What do you understand by the term 'probity in governance'? Explain how probity acts as the foundation of ethical public administration.","10","150"],[18,"b) \"Starvation must not be used as a weapon of war.\" Yet, parties involved in conflicts often resort to the blockade of food supplies to civilian populations, deepening the humanitarian crisis. Powerful nations, despite their capacity to intervene, tend to prioritise strategic interests over humanitarian concerns. What ethical considerations should guide powerful nations in preventing such actions and ensuring unimpeded humanitarian access?","10","150"],[20,"Q.5) a) What teachings of Mahavira are most relevant today and why? Discuss.","10","150"],[22,"b) \"In contemporary times, social media platforms have emerged as powerful agents in shaping individual and societal attitudes.\" Do you agree with this view? Justify your answer.","10","150"],[24,"Q.6) a) What do you understand by the 'voice of conscience'? In what ways can you prepare yourself to listen to the voice of conscience?","10","150"],[26,"b) Effective utilisation of public funds is not merely an administrative requirement but a moral responsibility of those entrusted with public office. However, instances of funds allocated to government schemes lying idle or being diverted towards extraneous purposes continue to be reported across the country. Examine the reasons for under-utilization and mis-utilization of public funds and their implications.","10","150"],[28,"Q.7 a) Under the given conditions, what are the options available to Ramesh as a project manager?\nb) What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by Ramesh?\nc) What are the professional challenges likely to be faced by Ramesh and his response to overcome such challenges?\na) Under the given conditions, what are the options available to Ramesh as a project manager?\nb) What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by Ramesh?\nc) What are the professional challenges likely to be faced by Ramesh and his response to overcome such challenges?","20","20"],[29,"a) दी गई परिस्थितियों में, एक परियोजना प्रबंधक के रूप में रमेश के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\nb) रमेश को किन नैतिक दुविधाओं का सामना करना पड़ रहा है?\nc) रमेश को किन व्यावसायिक चुनौतियों का सामना करना पड़ सकता है तथा ऐसी चुनौतियों पर नियंत्रण पाने के लिए उसकी क्या प्रतिक्रिया होनी चाहिए?\na) दी गई परिस्थितियों में, एक परियोजना प्रबंधक के रूप में रमेश के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\nb) रमेश को किन नैतिक दुविधाओं का सामना करना पड़ रहा है?\nc) रमेश को किन व्यावसायिक चुनौतियों का सामना करना पड़ सकता है तथा ऐसी चुनौतियों पर नियंत्रण पाने के लिए उसकी क्या प्रतिक्रिया होनी चाहिए?","20 अंक","250 शब्द"],[34,"Q.8) a) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\nb) Evaluate the options available to Srushti in the above situation.\nc) What suggestions would you make to help officers like Srushti maintain a healthy work-life balance.\na) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\nb) Evaluate the options available to Srushti in the above situation.\nc) What suggestions would you make to help officers like Srushti maintain a healthy work-life balance.","20","250"],[35,"a) उपर्युक्त मामले में नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं?\nb) उपरोक्त स्थिति में सृष्टि के लिए उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन करें।\nc) सृष्टि जैसे अधिकारियों को स्वस्थ कार्य-जीवन संतुलन बनाए रखने में मदद करने के लिए आप क्या सुझाव देंगे?\na) उपर्युक्त मामले में नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं?\nb) उपर्युक्त स्थिति में सृष्टि के लिए उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन करें।\nc) सृष्टि जैसे अधिकारियों को स्वस्थ कार्य-जीवन संतुलन बनाए रखने में मदद करने के लिए आप क्या सुझाव देंगे?","20 अंक","250 शब्द"],[40,"Q.9 A reputed Indian beauty & personal care company developed a herbal skin cream for the international market, claiming anti-ageing and skin-repair properties based on traditional Ayurvedic formulations. After obtaining the necessary approvals and export certifications, the company began exporting the product. The product received widespread positive feedback for its quality and natural formulation, and soon became a huge hit in international markets. Riding on this success, the company announced that the product would soon be made available to domestic consumers, with almost the same quality and health benefits.\n\nSubsequently, it secured approval from the domestic regulatory authority and launched the product in the Indian market. Over time, the brand gained a significant share of the domestic market and earned substantial revenues both nationally and internationally.\n\nHowever, during a random sample check, officials discovered that the cream sold in India differed from the version approved by the competent authority. The product failed to meet the claimed herbal composition and purity standards. Further investigation revealed that the company had often been distributing batches that had failed export quality checks.\n\nThe incident triggered widespread public criticism and regulatory scrutiny, leading to a sharp decline in the company’s reputation and financial performance.\na) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the case.\nb) What actions should the competent regulatory authority take against the personal care company for violating domestic quality standards and distributing rejected export batches in the Indian market?\nc) What course of action is available to the company to manage the crisis and restore public trust and brand credibility?","20","250"],[45,"Q.10 A forest fire has broken out in a hilly district and is rapidly spreading toward an eco-sensitive area that includes four villages (ESA villages). These villages lie along the forest fringe and are surrounded by difficult terrain. The region is known for its biodiversity and traditional forest-based livelihoods. The inhabitants of these villages are mostly poor tribal communities, dependent on forest resources for their sustenance.\nYou, as the District Magistrate of the area, have rushed to the spot with a medical team, police personnel, NGOs, media, and support staff to oversee the rescue and containment operations. Your disaster response team on the ground is small and poorly equipped. Reinforcements from the district headquarter have been requested, but they may take several hours to arrive due to the remoteness and challenging terrain.\nIn the meantime, a group of trained ex-forest guards and local youth from the villages offer to help. They are experienced and familiar with the area. However, existing government rules do not permit the engagement of unofficial personnel in fire control operations without formal clearance and insurance coverage.\nYour team members are divided on this issue. Some members argue that volunteers should be engaged immediately to prevent the fire from spreading. Others caution that involving them without proper approval and safety cover could be risky and against protocol.\nAs the District Magistrate, you are also the Chairperson of the District Disaster Management Authority (DDMA). The fire is spreading at a very rapid rate, and immediate action is required to protect lives, property, and the environment. You are now in a dilemma.\na) What are the options available to you?\nb) Critically evaluate each of the options identified by you.\nc) What option would you adopt and why?\nd) What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by you?","20","250"],[50,"Q.11 a) Identify the ethical issues involved in this case.\nb) What course of action should Marpi adopt and why?\nc) What should be the responsibilities of different social segments and agencies to create positive social ambiance for accepting such changes?\na) Identify the ethical issues involved in this case.\nb) What course of action should Marpi adopt and why?\nc) What should be the responsibilities of different social segments and agencies to create positive social ambiance for accepting such changes?","20","250"],[55,"Q.12) You are a Municipal Commissioner of a tier-2 city experiencing rapid urban expansion. Several high-rise residential and commercial buildings are under construction in the city to meet the growing demand for housing. One such luxury residential complex is being built, employing hundreds of daily-wage labourers, many of whom live in temporary settlements at the construction site. Late one night during the monsoon season, a large section of scaffolding and concrete slabs collapses from the upper floors of one of the under-construction buildings. Seven labourers, including two minors, die on the spot. Several others are critically injured and rushed to the hospital. The tragic incident results in public outrage, intense media scrutiny, and protests by a local NGO. The state government orders a formal inquiry and directs you to submit a report within a week. Your preliminary investigation reveals a series of irregularities. The construction material used is substandard and not in accordance with the National Building Code. Although the approved plan permits construction of fifteen floors, the builder has illegally added two extra floors. Moreover, the structure has encroached on land demarcated for a community park and a fire service lane under the city's Zonal Development Plan. These violations are not reported during site inspections conducted by the building inspector of the municipal corporation. The building clearance was granted during the tenure of your predecessor, who is not only your batchmate but also a close friend. Both of you were roommates during your training at LBSNAA. Prima facie, the case appears to involve a widespread nexus between officials of the Municipal Corporation and the builder. Your colleagues are putting pressure on you to go slow in the inquiry. Some of them suggest that holding the builder accountable could damage the city's image among investors and slow down urban development. Meanwhile, you come to know that the builder is the younger brother of a powerful minister in the state cabinet. One evening, his personal aide visits you privately. He suggests that the matter could be \"mutually settled\" and offers you a premium apartment worth ₹2 crore in the same residential complex. In the same breath, he hints that if the matter is not resolved swiftly in the builder's favour, someone in his office is prepared to file a complaint against you under the SC and ST (Prevention of Atrocities) Act.\na) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the case.\nb) What are the options available to you in this situation?\nc) Explain your selected course of action.","20","250"],[60,"Mentor Feedback Questions\n1 How to reduce my time especially in quote based question & case studies?\n2 How many examples are sufficient in each question?\n3 How many points to be written in case studies? or should I focus on quality?","",""]]},{"i":374,"t":"Gaurav Kumar","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/GAURAV-KUMARUPSC_IAS_2025_Toppers_AIR_377_Sample_MGP-_4.pdf","q":[[2,"Q.1) \"Extraordinary powers must be exercised with extraordinary care.\" Discuss in the context of Article 142 of the Indian Constitution.","10","150"],[4,"Q.2) Why are State Legislative Assemblies involved in the election of the President but excluded from the process of impeachment?","10","150"],[6,"Q.3) Private Member's Bills (PMBs) seldom become law in India, yet they are an important aspect of parliamentary democracy. Bring out their significance and suggest steps to strengthen the PMB process.","10","150"],[8,"Q.4 Highlight the key points of convergence and divergence between the judicial systems of India and USA.","10","150"],[10,"Q.5 The role of Election Commission of India has evolved beyond conducting elections to becoming a guardian of electoral democracy. Critically evaluate.","10","150"],[12,"9) What is the rationale behind the 'three-language formula' in India's education policy? Also highlight the challenges associated with its adoption and implementation across the country.","10","150"],[14,"Q.7 'Emerging environmental concerns and evolving ecosystem perspectives demand a reimagined approach to rural water governance.' Discuss the key interventions needed to recalibrate rural water policies with special emphasis on the role of communities.","10","150"],[16,"8) Identify and discuss the challenges hindering effective implementation of gender-sensitive policies and schemes in the country.","10","150"],[18,"9) Effective transboundary water management can act as a catalyst for regional peace and cooperation. In light of this statement, bring out the opportunities and challenges for India in leveraging 'water diplomacy' in its neighbourhood.","10","150"],[20,"Q.10 What are the key areas of reform if the World Trade Organization (WTO) has to remain relevant in the present context of rising protectionism and trade wars?","10","150"],[22,"Q.11 The basic structure doctrine acts as a constitutional compass in balancing Parliament's legislative authority and constitutional supremacy.","15","250"],[25,"Q.12) Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) are pivotal to inclusive and efficient urban governance, yet they remain fiscally constrained and institutionally weak. Analyze.","15","250"],[28,"Q.13) \"The judiciary functions as a corrective, redefining and refining the contours of the Governor's office to prevent its misuse and uphold constitutional principles.\" Discuss this statement with the help of relevant case laws.","15","250"],[31,"Q.14 How is the 'vertical' and 'horizontal' devolution of taxes to the states decided? Highlighting the concerns raised by some states regarding the devolution of taxes, suggest corrective measures.","15","250"],[34,"Q.15 What steps are required for the constitutionalization of a Commission? Do you think granting constitutional status to the Central Information Commission (CIC) would strengthen the RTI regime in India? Give reasons.","15","250"],[37,"Q.16 Even as India experiences consistent economic growth and has achieved self-sufficiency in food production, hunger and food insecurity remain pressing concerns. Examine the factors responsible for this paradox and suggest steps to improve the situation.","15","250"],[40,"Q.17 The Union Government has recently announced that caste enumeration will be part of the upcoming census. Examine the opportunities and challenges associated with conducting a nationwide 'caste census'. Also, propose a framework for its seamless and effective conduct.","15","250"],[43,"Q.18 \"AI integration in governance is no longer a choice but a necessity.\" In light of this statement, discuss how AI can enhance education and healthcare governance.","15","250"],[46,"Q.19 Providing a brief overview of the aims and objectives of BIMSTEC, explain its significance for India.","15","250"],[49,"Q.20 India's approach to its relationship with China has evolved into what can be best described as 'competitive coexistence'. Discuss in light of recent developments. What should be the broad contours of India's future China policy?","15","250"],[52,"Mentor Feedback Questions\n1 How can I reduce my time?\n2 How can I quickly write conclusion?\n3 How can I arrange ideas on vague questions like 'evaluation', 'trace' or broader questions?\n4 How to improve more legibility & with speed?","",""]]},{"i":372,"t":"Gaurav Kumar","c":"Forumias","p":"GS3","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/GAURAV-KUMAR-UPSC_IAS_2025_Toppers_AIR_377_Sample_MGP-_2.pdf","q":[[2,"Q.1) The Union Budget 2025-26 outlines a shift towards the 'debt-to-GDP ratio' as the fiscal anchor starting from FY 2026-27. Discuss the rationale behind this shift.","10","150"],[4,"Q.2) Why does India need to transition from a 'build to print' to a 'build to design' model in manufacturing? What steps has been taken by the government in this regard?","10","150"],[6,"Q.3) Explain the concept of a nutrition-sensitive food system and suggest strategies to achieve it in the country.","10","150"],[8,"Q.4) Give a brief overview of the 'Digital Agriculture Mission'. How can it benefit the agriculture sector?","10","150"],[10,"Q.5) Rare earths are not just elements; they are foundational inputs that act like 'seeds of technology'. Elaborate.","10","150"],[12,"Q.6 Why retrofitting Electrostatic Precipitators (ESPs) in Indian thermal power plants is a more viable and effective option compared to the installation of flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems?","10","150"],[14,"Q.7 'The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) regime in India remains weak and is often reduced to a procedural formality.' In light of this statement, examine the key challenges in EIA implementation and suggest reforms.","10","150"],[16,"Q.8) Plastic pollution is emerging as a serious environmental threat in India. Discuss the various mitigation measures to address this problem and also the government's initiatives in this regard.","10","150"],[18,"Q.9) Amid evolving threats, there is a need to blend private sector capabilities with India's current internal security architecture. In this context, elaborate on the ways in which the private sector can contribute to strengthening internal security.","10","150"],[20,"Q.10 Radicalisation in Jammu and Kashmir is driven as much by socio-economic factors as by external influences. Discuss how education and youth engagement can play a role in countering radicalisation in J&K.","10","150"],[22,"Q.11) Outlining the key characteristics of the care economy, discuss how India can better integrate the value of unpaid and underpaid care work into its economic framework.","15","250"],[25,"Q.12 'The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) presents both unprecedented opportunities and significant challenges for India's labour market.' Examine. Also suggest strategies to align AI adoption with inclusive and resilient labour market outcomes.","15","250"],[28,"Q.13) Why does India's agricultural export performance remain weak despite high production levels? What measures would you suggest to improve agri-export competitiveness?","15","250"],[31,"Q.14 \"The agricultural subsidy regime in the country needs reforms to address the distortions it causes.\" Comment.","15","250"],[34,"Q.15 How can biomanufacturing transform today's consumptive manufacturing paradigm to the one based on regenerative principles? Also discuss how BioE3 Policy (Biotechnology for Economy, Environment, and Employment) aims to foster biomanufacturing in the country.","15","250"],[37,"Q.16 The future of digital innovation depends on self-reliant, domain-specific AI capabilities. In this context, bring out the key considerations in developing indigenous AI models and tools. Suggest measures to build an enabling ecosystem for AI innovation in India. What initiatives have been taken by the government in this regard?","15","250"],[40,"Q.17 Marine oil spills are a form of environmental disaster, with far-reaching consequences for biodiversity and coastal livelihoods; however, India's preparedness to prevent such incidents and mitigate their impact has significant gaps. Analyze.","15","250"],[43,"Q.18 'The United Nations has declared 2025 as the International Year of Glacier Preservation.' Bring out the ecological and socio-economic significance of glaciers. What are the key challenges in preserving them? What measures have been taken at national and international levels towards preservation of glaciers?","15","250"],[46,"Q.19 What are the determinants of insurgency in the north-eastern region of India? What strategy should the Government of India, civil administration and security forces adopt to counter the threat in the affected areas?","15","250"],[49,"Q.20 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have become an integral aspect of modern conflict and warfare, employed by both state and non-state actors. Discuss its implications for India's security architecture and state the measures being taken to address them. Also suggest other steps to tackle the threats emanating from UAVs.","15","250"],[52,"1 How to reduce my time?","",""]]},{"i":375,"t":"Gaurav Ojha","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2025,"r":204,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/GAURAV-OJHA-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-204-Sample-MGP-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[2,"Q.1) The role of CAG as the highest auditing authority is intrinsically linked to augmenting the efficacy of government policies and undertakings. In this context, examine how independent and efficient working of the CAG can ensure good governance?","10","150"],[4,"1) Sustainable alliance between Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and the State is critical for social change and development. Highlighting hurdles in this developmental alliance, suggest remedial measures for a more productive partnership.","10","150"],[6,"Q.3) Subsidies have morphed into a populist tool to achieve electoral objectives rather than developmental goals. Examine.","10","150"],[8,"Q.4) National Commission for Scheduled Tribes (NCST) can be most effective when its tasks are adequately supported by other mechanisms that improve the voice of the tribals. Discuss.","10","150"],[10,"Q.5) Normalization of poverty as a feature of large population overshadows the lack of intent and capacity of political and administrative institutions. Do you agree? Justify using suitable examples.","10","150"],[12,"While manual scavenging is legally banned, socio-economic realities perpetuate this practice in the society. Comment and suggest measures to deal with the menace of this social evil.","10","150"],[14,"Q.7) India's response to Ukraine crisis is an expression of strategic autonomy and not a reflection of strategic compulsions. Examine.","10","150"],[16,"Q.8) Comment on the utility and effectiveness of soft power for furthering national interest. Can soft power replace hard power in international politics?","10","150"],[18,"Q.9) India and Japan have enjoyed very cordial relations with substantial shared interests, but it also tends to be one that has been low on ambition, limited in outcomes and high in rhetoric. Critically examine.","10","150"],[20,"Q.10 India's relation with West Asia has acquired depth and diversity that can navigate geopolitical hurdles. Comment.","10","150"],[22,"Harnessing public sector data is vital for informed decision making, accelerating socio-economic transformation and democratizing innovation in the country. In this context, highlight the various benefits of public sector data harnessing and suggest strategies for unlocking true value of data.","15","250"],[25,"Q.12) Examine the significance of Representation of People's Act, 1951 in maintaining the sanctity of electoral politics in India. In light of recent events, evaluate the demands of Election Commission of India for reforms in RPA 1951 and Code of Conduct.","15","250"],[28,"\"Addressing the problem of chronic malnutrition in the country requires nutrition-specific as well as nutrition-sensitive interventions.\" Analyse.","15","250"],[31,"Q.14) Self-Help Groups (SHGs) are an effective model of social entrepreneurship for women empowerment and have multiplier effects on developmental processes in rural areas. Elaborate with suitable examples.","15","250"],[34,"The success of welfare schemes depends on whether they are built on principles of participation and work with mass accountability. Discuss.","15","250"],[36,"Q.16) Why do Indian universities find it difficult to break into the ranks of top global universities? How can institutions of higher education be transformed into global centres of learning?","15","15"],[39,"Q.17) The second decade of 21st century marks a collective failure of UN and its agencies. Examine this statement citing suitable examples.","15","250"],[42,"Q.18 ASEAN is not only important for development of North-East but also it remains India's gateway to East Asia and beyond. Discuss.","15","250"],[45,"Q.19 USA-led Indo-Pacific Economic Framework for prosperity (IPEF) is an economic initiative to complement existing security partnerships in the Indo-Pacific region. Analyze the significance of and challenges to IPEF in the present scenario.","15","250"],[48,"Q.20 BRICS has a potential towards reformed multilateralism but suffers from numerous internal contradictions. Discuss, in light of recently concluded 14th BRICS summit.","15","250"]]},{"i":376,"t":"Gaurav Ojha","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2025,"r":204,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/GAURAV-OJHA-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-204-Sample-MGP-Copy-2.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) The biggest critique of Basic Structure doctrine from its inception has been it being shrouded in confusion, vagueness and a formulation which is loose and not precise. Critically examine.","10","15"],[5,"Q.2) Sedition law, in any form, is a threat to civil liberties and presents an opportunity for its weaponization against dissenters and detractors. Should India do away with the sedition law? Justify your opinion.","10","15"],[7,"Q.3) The preamble is not a mere solemn resolution; but majestic expression of philosophy, principles and purpose of the constitution. Elaborate.","10","15"],[9,"Q.4) Every person has a fundamental right to entertain such religious practices as approved by his/her conscience. Do you think that 'doctrine of essentiality' restricts this autonomy?","10","15"],[11,"Q.5) The divergence between intent and impact of the tenth schedule necessitates calling into question its relevance in the present times. Analyze.","10","15"],[13,"Q.6) Discuss the status of death penalty in the country. Can a governor pardon a death penalty? What are various limitations of pardoning power of governor?","10","15"],[15,"Q.7 Do you think the Competition Commission of India (CCI) has been as successful in protecting consumer rights, promoting fair competition and restricting monopolistic tendencies, vis a vis its western counter part?","10","15"],[17,"Q.8) Though RTI was meant to strengthen participatory democracy in India, various factors have hindered its utilization to full potential. In this context, examine the issues pertaining to the implementation of the RTI Act.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9 Instead of performing a transformative role, traditional bureaucracy has contributed to perpetuation of old order. Comment.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10) Contrary to expectations surrounding its enactment, the institution of Lokpal has not proved path-breaking in dismantling the structures of corruption in public life. Analyze.","10","15"],[23,"Q.11 Why did constitution makers prefer 'union of states' over 'federation of states' to describe India? To what extent this preference is responsible for tensions in centre-state relations?","15","250"],[26,"Q.12 While fundamental rights have strengthened our democracy, fundamental duties are essential to strengthen our society. In this context examine the importance of fundamental duties for Indian society.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 Discuss the role of the judiciary in electoral reforms citing suitable cases. How far do you agree that judiciary induced reforms violate the principle of separation of power?","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 There has been an increasing demand for doing away with the concurrent list. Examine the utility of concurrent list in the light of recent events.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 Against the intentions of the constitution makers, the use of discretionary powers by governors has become a major source of tension in Centre-state relations. What are the discretionary powers of the Governor? Also, discuss the issues associated with them.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16 Concerns regarding Parliamentary performance most often relate to the drastic reduction in the level and extent of deliberation, representation and scrutiny. In this context, highlight the recent instances which have led decline in effective functioning of the parliament.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 Political decentralization without devolution of funds and functions to panchayats has resulted in representation but not empowerment. Examine whether devolution of funds and functions alone can transform panchayats into effective institutions of self-governance.","15","250"],[43,"5. Reluctance of bureaucracy to give up powers.","",""],[44,"Q.18 The offence of rape cannot be condoned by marital relationship between victim and culprit. In light of this statement, discuss the issues involved in criminalization of marital rape.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 Since the paradigm shift from government to governance and further to good governance, pressure groups have emerged as a strong mechanism for making the democracy participatory, transparent, accountable and responsive. Elucidate.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 \"The rapid expansion of mobile network, proliferation of smart phones and data revolution have made m-governance an integral part of government welfare programmes.\" Discuss.","15","250"]]},{"i":378,"t":"Gaurav Pratap Singh","c":"Forumias","p":"Essay","y":2025,"r":317,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/GAURAV-PRATAP-SINGH-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-317-Sample-Essay-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"1. True leadership lies in serving not ruling.\n2. Democracy is not just the right to vote, it is the right to live in dignity.\n3. Growing regional aspirations and demand for greater autonomy: A challenge to Indian federalism.\n4. The ballot is stronger than the bullet.","",""],[15,"1. The great aim of education is not knowledge but action.\n2. The global south must redefine development through cooperation and justice.\n3. There is no health without mental health.\n4. If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich.","",""]]},{"i":377,"t":"Gaurav Pratap Singh","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2025,"r":317,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/GAURAV-PRATAP-SINGH-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-317-Sample-ATS-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) Answer the following questions in 150 words.\n1) To compare administrative systems across countries or regions, scholars use different approaches or tools. List out those tools.","10","150"],[5,"Social media is a Parliament of citizens\". Explain","10",""],[7,"Bureaucracies react to problems rather than preventing them; this makes them slow and ineffective in handling crises.","10",""],[9,"Though there are certain points of similarity between the public and private administration, no private organization can ever be the same as a public one. Explain","10",""],[11,"Explain the concept of Post-Behavioralism.","10",""],[13,"a) \"Departments, Boards and commissions as forms of organization are similar in the context of accountability and responsibility.\" Analyze","20",""],[17,"What exactly are we comparing when we study administrative systems across countries?","20",""],[19,"6 processes & methods adopted in functioning of bureaucracy?\neg participative or not - public's role, etc","",""],[21,"When basic needs are satisfied, the individual becomes motivated to pursue higher-level goals. (Abraham Maslow)","10",""],[23,"Q.3) a) A.V. Dicey, a British jurist, in his classic work \"Introduction to the Study of the Law of the Constitution\" (1885), introduced the concept of the Rule of Law, building upon the classical ideas of Aristotle, who believed that laws, not individuals, should govern society.","20",""],[27,"What is the concept of delegated legislation? Why is it considered as a necessary evil?","20",""],[31,"c) \"The prismatic model of Riggs is equally applicable to developing as well as developed society.\" Explain","10",""],[33,"Q.5) Write short notes on the following in 150 words.\na) The Contingency approach argues that no single organizational structure or practice works in all situations. Instead, the best approach depends on the context.","10","150"],[35,"\"Accountability under New Public Management has undergone a radical change although the focus has continued to remain on management.\"","10",""],[37,"Early in his career Riggs supported the idea that transplanting American administrative models into developing countries would accelerate growth.","10",""],[39,"1) Differentiate between corporation and company and explain why the public corporations are established?","10",""],[41,"Strong market as well as Strong state is the necessity for both participatory and responsive government.","10",""],[43,"2.6) a) The emergence of CPA in the mid-20th century was driven by a mix of global political changes, academic movements, and practical development needs.","20",""],[47,"\"Organizations of the future will be organic - adaptive structures but temporary systems\". Comment","20",""],[51,"Write a short note on utility and effectiveness of Central and State Administrative Tribunals in India.","10",""]]},{"i":380,"t":"Geetika Arora","c":"Forumias","p":"GS1","y":2025,"r":22,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/GEETIKA-ARORA-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-22-Sample-MGP-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) Why has public bathing been a recurring practice across cultures and societies? Discuss with examples.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Estimate the contributions of Chalukyas of Badami to Indian heritage and culture.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) Mahatma Gandhi and Dr. B.R. Ambedkar had contrasting philosophies and approaches on caste and social reform. Examine.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) What factors can be attributed to the rising incidents of Glacial Lake Outburst Floods (GLOFs) in the Himalayan region? Discuss with examples.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) \"Migration is a vital livelihood strategy for rural households in developing countries like India.\" Elucidate.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) Bring out the interdependence between physical and chemical weathering with suitable examples.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) Discuss how social media is reshaping identity formation and self-worth among adolescents in contemporary Indian society.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) The disproportionate preference for government jobs in certain Indian states is not merely a matter of personal aspiration. Analyze.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9 Explain the significance of population education in light of India's status as the world's most populous nation.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10) Globalization has infused Indian festivals with commercial elements, while also helping preserve and popularize them in new ways. Do you agree? Justify your answer.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11 India has a rich tradition of diverse dance forms encompassing both classical and folk styles. Illustrate how they reflect the country's rich spiritual, cultural, and social life.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12) The third decade of the 20th century witnessed the emergence of new forces and ideological currents that influenced the character of the Indian national movement. Elaborate.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 Analyse the circumstances that led to Simla Agreement in 1972. Discuss the significance of the agreement.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14) \"The Vietnam War was a proxy conflict rooted in the ideological rivalry of the Cold War.\" Comment.","15","250"],[33,"1 Why it was proxy conflict?\n(i) As both blocks (USA & USSR) was not directly involved in the conflict.\n(ii) Aimed at imposing 'ideology' in the Vietnam region.","",""],[35,"Q.15 Discuss the concept of isostasy and explain its role in shaping Earth's major landforms.","15","250"],[36,"Role of Isostasy in shaping major Earth's landforms:\n1 The forces of deposition leading to formation of Himalayas:\n2 Descent landforms like Zordangs, xerangs, peneplain, pediplain including mushroom breaks etc due to concept of Isostasy.\n3 The landforms formed by running water includes: U shaped valley & V shaped valley, gorges & canyons (due to undercutting of rivers).","",""],[38,"Q.16) The Indian Ocean is warming, at an alarming rate. How may it affect the food security of India?","15","250"],[41,"Q.17) Describing the distribution of sugarcane producing countries, examine the major environmental challenges associated with its cultivation.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 The richness and diversity of Indian society find vivid expression in the unique culture of its tribal communities. Elucidate.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 Why is it essential to focus on health in the context of urban planning and reforms? How can this be achieved?","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 Analyze the socio-cultural factors contributing to the high attrition rate among women in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) careers in India. Suggest measures to improve their retention in STEM.","15","250"]]},{"i":379,"t":"Geetika Arora","c":"Forumias","p":"GS3","y":2025,"r":22,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/GEETIKA-ARORA-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-22-Sample-AWFG-Copy-1-1.pdf","q":[[7,"Q.3) Warm water of Bay of Bengal move prone to cyclone - Reasons","",""],[9,"Q.4 Monsoon system can be defined as the regional wind system, specific to the South Asian countries including India.","",""],[11,"Q.5 Coral Bleaching can be defined as the phenomenon where the coral species detach themselves from the symbiotic relation with Zooxanthellae, turning white.\n Causes of coral bleaching events","",""],[14,"Q.6) Soils are the basic structure of any ecosystem, having influence on the topography, relief, vegetation of the associated region.\n Factors influencing formation of soils","",""]]},{"i":969,"t":"Goldi Gupta","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1LuZsW1ElBr-mWbTtSsTLpmokam8xNhhC/view","q":[[6,"1. (a) The logic of limitless wealth lies in the basic human instinct for furthering self-interest in the form of profit. In this context, do you think there is a possibility of pursuing ethical capitalism? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[8,"1. (b) If a law is unjust, a man is not only right to disobey it, he is obligated to do so. Discuss.","10","150"],[10,"2. (a) The capacity of Citizens' Charter to initiate any transformative process is conditioned upon it being appropriately designed and effectively executed. Discuss. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[12,"2. (b) The moral fiber and ethical conduct of public officials not only influence the standard of governance but also their own interests and performance. Elaborate. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[14,"3. (a) The ongoing debate on euthanasia poses several ethical questions. Discuss.","10","150"],[16,"3. (b) Foreign aid is a form of neo-colonialism, as the economically wealthier countries can exploit the developing countries under the cloak of aid. Examine.","10","150"],[18,"4. (a) Throwing light on the idea of Universal Humanism propounded by Rabindranath Tagore, discuss its contemporary relevance. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[20,"4. (b) Do you agree with the view that it is nature and not nurture which determines the emotional intelligence of a person? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[22,"5. (a) Values that guide public administrators can often compete with each other, owing to their relative importance to the larger public interest. Discuss with examples. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[24,"5. (b) Is it justifiable to say that corruption is a social phenomenon? What are the various ways through which administrative corruption can be tackled? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[26,"6 (a) What do each of the following quotations mean to you?\n(a) \"Overcoming poverty is not a task of charity; it is an act of justice.\" Nelson Mandela (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[28,"6. (b) \"I do believe that, where there is only a choice between cowardice and violence, I would advise violence.\" - Mahatma Gandhi (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[30,"6. (c) \"Change does not roll in on the wheels of inevitability, but comes through continuous struggle.\" Martin Luther King Jr (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[32,"7 You are posted as the Commissioner of Police in a metropolitan city where a visiting foreign dignitary, with President-level security cover, is scheduled to visit for an official function. As a part of the security preparedness, it has been decided that no vehicular traffic will be allowed on the route which will be taken by the foreign dignitary to reach the venue of the function in the city. However, just 15 minutes before the scheduled arrival of the dignitary, you are informed that a critically-ill patient is stuck on the way to the hospital in a private car along with his family.\n\nIn this situation, answer the following:\n(a) Discuss the issues involved in halting traffic for VIP movement.\n(b) List the options available to you in this situation with their merits and demerits.\n(c) What will be your course of action? Justify with proper reasoning.","20","Answer in 250"],[37,"8 In light of the above, answer the following:\n(a) Identify the challenges faced by transgenders during the different stages of their life.\n(b) Discuss the reasons for the continuing discrimination against transgenders in India despite several initiatives for their upliftment in recent times. (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[38,"Q Challenges faced by Transpersons","",""],[42,"9 In the given scenario, answer the following questions:\n(a) Identify the stakeholders and the ethical issues involved in the case.\n(b) What steps will you take to ensure that the enquiry is seen to be fair and impartial?\n(c) Given the challenges that the police forces in India operate under in their day-to-day functioning, suggest some initiatives to address them. (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[43,"a) Stakeholders and Ethical Issues Involved\n1) Custodial violence is a violation of basic human rights.\n2) Widespread prevalence raises question over impunity of police force","",""],[47,"10 Mr. X is a billionaire businessman who heads a conglomerate engaged in insurance, energy generation and distribution, and manufacturing. Despite being globally known as a great philanthropist, he turned down a shareholder request seeking the disclosure of the conglomerate’s actions on issues related to climate change as well as diversity and inclusion.\n\nBecause of increased attention to climate and diversity issues, many leading firms have committed themselves to incorporate relevant considerations in their business strategies. Therefore, some industry-observers wonder if Mr. X is out of touch with the industry at large and have warned him that failing to address climate change issues puts his businesses under systemic risk. But, Mr. X maintained his vote against the disclosure proposal, while at the same time acknowledged the importance of both climate change and a diverse and inclusive work force. However, Mr. X believes that such ethical issues take secondary importance to maximising shareholder profit.\n(a) Discuss the importance of including climate change strategies and diversity and inclusion in a business organisation?\n(b) In your opinion, what matters more for a business organisation - socio-environmental concerns or shareholder profit?\n(c) How can the two above-mentioned issues be reconciled? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[49,"B What Matters More for Business Organizations?","",""],[50,"c How to reconcile Buddhist philosophy of Madhyome marga provides the way\n1 profit motive (Labh) should not turn into greed (Lobh)\n2 stakeholder capitalism is the need of the hour\n3 Need to bring balance between - planet, peace, people, profit","",""],[52,"11 You are posted as a Superintendent of Police (SP) in a district where people of different religious communities are living together peacefully. The district is also famous for its architectural heritage and is regularly visited by tourists from all around the world. However, there has been an incident in the nearby state where people of two different communities have started fighting over religious issues. This incident has a spillover effect over the whole country. In your own area of jurisdiction, you have come to know from various sources about circulation of some hate speech videos, which have the potential to destabilise the law and order situation. You are also aware that some outsiders with dubious intentions have started pouring in your district. In one locality, a shopkeeper who had earlier filed a complaint regarding threats he received for posting something on the internet, is found murdered in cold blood. This incident has stunned the nation. You are being informed that hundreds of people of the community to which the shopkeeper belonged are planning to stage a massive protest in your district.\n(a) In the given situation, what are the options available to you to ensure that the law and order situation in the district remains stable. Provide a detailed account of your course of action.\n(b) Do you think the present legal and institutional mechanisms are sufficient to tackle the menace of hate speech in the society? (Answer in 250 words)","",""],[57,"12 In this context, answer the following questions:\n(a) What are the consequences of ‘rote learning’ on the educational development of young students in the country?\n(b) Suggest measures that can be taken to address this issue. (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"]]},{"i":970,"t":"Gunjan Dwivedi","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1JsxOFPwTYxPm1EP6AduFxeJjzw6WGqMz/view","q":[[3,"1. (a) Explain the significance of the following in the context of civil service:\n(i) Public trust\n(ii) Objectivity\n(iii) Strength of character\n(iv) Empathy\n(v) Selflessness","10","not more than 150 words each"],[5,"1. (b) Do you think nation states owe a responsibility towards asylum seekers? What are the considerations that should, in your opinion, go into the making of a refugee policy? Provide arguments with contemporary examples.","10",""],[7,"2. (a) Why do civil servants have a special obligation to uphold ethical standards? What are the main areas of concerns for implementation of an effective ethical standard in civil services? In this context, suggest measures to remedy these concerns.","10",""],[9,"2. (b) While families are the first socializing agents, which inculcate moral values in a child, the role played by schools in this regard is also indispensable. Discuss.","10",""],[11,"3. (a) What is the significance of morality in day-to-day life? Give an example from your own life where you chose moral action and elaborate the reasons for your choice of that action.","10",""],[12,"What I should have been doing :-","",""],[13,"3. (b) Analyse the ethical dimensions of using nuclear deterrence as a self defense strategy.","10",""],[15,"4. (a) We make a living by what we do, but we make a life by what we give. 10\n(i) Highlight the importance of value of altruism for a society.\n(ii) Discuss the role of education in imparting such values.","10",""],[17,"4. (b) Giving examples, examine the relationship between personal and professional ethics of civil servants","10",""],[19,"5 Given below are two quotations of moral thinkers/philosophers. For each of these, bring out what it means to you in the present context\n(a) If people scrutinize their own faults as they do the faults of others, mankind will be freed of all evil","10",""],[21,"5. (b) Courage is the first of human qualities, because it guarantees the others","",""],[23,"6. How do law and conscience act as source of ethical guidance? Explain with examples","10",""],[25,"7 Differentiate between the following using examples:\n(i) Wants and Needs\n(ii) Ethics and Etiquette","10",""],[27,"8. Good corporate governance is not an end in itself. It is a means to support economic efficiency, sustainable growth and financial stability. Discuss.","10",""],[28,"9. A hilly state witnessed torrential rains leading to loss of life and property. Apart from the local inhabitants there were tourists stranded in large numbers. With the supply chains broken and increased demand, it was observed that local shopkeepers started selling essential goods at very high prices. With a very restricted possibility of being evacuated in the coming few days, the stranded people feel helpless. A crumbled governance infrastructure in remote areas has multiplied the extent of their agony. Given this situation, answer the following questions.\n(a) Identify the various stakeholders in the case and give a reasoned account of their interests (Given the administrative, market and ethical perspective of viewing the situation, do you think there is a conflict in the priorities of these stakeholders?)\n(b) Suggest ways to harmonize competing interests in order to resolve the issues, provide relief and prevent escalation of conflict","20","around 250"],[35,"10 The steady decline in sex ratio suggests that marked improvement in the economy and literacy rates do not seem to have had any impact on this index. In fact, the availability of new technology and its easy access for the urban, wealthy and educated have worsened the trend and harmed the status of women in Indian society.\n(a) Explain why the phenomenon should not be simply viewed as a medical or legal issue and more attention should be given to the ethical issues involved.\n(b) Give some suggestions to tackle the problem of declining sex ratio.\n(c) Discuss the ethical dilemma involved in Right to abortion vs. Prevention of female foeticide. How can this be resolved?","","20"],[40,"11. You are the officer-in-charge responsible for monitoring allotment of foodgrains under the Public Distribution System to BPL families in a given district. A group of BPL families in the district claim that they have been denied ration from fair price shops due to non-linking of Aadhar card with their BPL cards. They remark that the government and officers concerned are not empathising with their situation and stage a silent protest. Further, the incident is also being linked to similar instances in other areas of the country where people were denied access to PDS benefits due to similar reasons. The government receives a lot of criticism for this incident on social media networks. You are now in a conundrum, as you are aware that the BPL families need to get foodgrains on time. However, as a government officer, you also need to follow the prescribed rules. Media scrutiny has further aggravated the situation and you realize you need to tread carefully. Based on the information above, answer the following:\n(a) List the issues in the given situation that the parties involved are facing.\n(b) What step(s) will you take in the situation to ensure that the demands of the aggrieved persons are met without violating the rules?\n(c) In this context, briefly discuss how the poor in the country currently face digital exclusion and its consequence(s).","20",""],[44,"12. You are working as a senior doctor in the oncology department of a super specialty hospital located in Delhi. While accessing the quotations from reputed pharmaceutical companies to hospitals, you unearth a nexus between pharma firms and the hospital administration. You get to know that they are hand-in glove with each other and trying to fleece cancer patients by selling drugs at exorbitant prices, even though low cost alternative drugs are available in the market. Being the head of Alliance of Doctors for Ethical Healthcare, who is working against the arbitrary price regime of life saving drugs, you get a chance to represent your case before the Health Minister of your state. However, certain other doctors of the Alliance have asked you to present a distorted reality in front of the Minister since they are obtaining pecuniary benefits from such a scheme of nexus, which would cease if the nexus gets exposed.\n(a) Identify the main stakeholders and ethical issues involved.\n(b) Analyse the possible solutions for addressing the issues.\n(c) What would be your final course of action and why?","20",""],[45,"Is it right to promote material gains over healthcare and medical ethics?","",""],[50,"13. You are working as a Manager who handles critical projects in a private firm. You have recently been issued a notice by the Human Resource department that categorically highlights gender imbalance in your team and instructs you to recruit more females. Realizing the importance of this matter you decide to roll out vacancy requirements on an urgent basis and close it within a week. You receive several applications and start interviewing female candidates. However, you realize that the top four candidates are married and two of them are expecting their child. During the interviews the candidates commit on their priority for the project, till it finishes and show willingness to work from home, afterwards. What is the course of action that you will take? Explain the factors that you will take into account and justify the merits of the course of action.","20",""],[55,"14 Mr. A is a senior most member of a highly reputed company with considerable customer interface. In recent months, the business of the company has been going down. On detailed analysis, it was found that some of the functionaries of the company have impulsive nature, which has many a times led to altercations with the customers and even among themselves. This has adversely affected the work culture and sullied the image of the company in the market. He seeks your advice, as you are his friend as well as a person who understands management.\n(a) What are the factors that you would consider in making your advice?\n(b) What steps will you suggest to deal with the situation that the company faces?","20",""]]},{"i":971,"t":"Gunjan Dwivedi","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1UIfEnYFkUMPl44FjW1RETJuB7KuKqAap/view","q":[[3,"1. (a) Self doubt can both help and hinder leadership. Discuss with examples.","10","not more than 150"],[5,"1. (b) Bring out the significance of probity in public life. What are the requisites for ensuring probity in governance? Pointing out the key concerns in India in this context, suggest certain remedial measures.","10",""],[7,"2. (a) While the corrupt and dishonest should be punished swiftly, honest public servants need to be protected against malicious and motivated complaints to enhance efficiency and effectiveness of an organisation. Discuss. How can the two objectives be reconciled?","10",""],[9,"2. (b) The effective implementation of the Right to Information Act will create an environment of vigilance which will help in functioning of a more participatory democracy. Elaborate.","10",""],[11,"3. (a) The bureaucracy technically has been an efficient form of organisation but is seen to have exceeded its administrative powers due to its tendency towards self aggrandisement, permanence in employment, and nearness to the political executive. Discuss.","10",""],[13,"3. (b) Social media has played a key role in influencing political opinions and social attitudes in India. Comment.","10",""],[15,"4. (a) \"Nonviolence is not servile passivity but a powerful moral force which makes for social transformation\". Comment.","10",""],[17,"4. (b) It is at the interface of public action and private interest that the need arises for establishing not just a code of ethics but a code of conduct. In this context, highlight the need for drafting a code of ethics as well as a code of conduct.","10",""],[18,"5. (a) Income inequality is a matter of grave concern for the Indian society. In this context, examine the relevance of Gandhiji's concepts of 'Sarvodaya' and 'Trusteeship'.","10",""],[20,"5. (b) It does not take long for conflict to turn violent when deep seeded prejudices and discriminatory attitudes are not addressed. Discuss in the context of communal and caste-based violence in India) What role should the state play in this context?","10",""],[22,"6. Explain with examples how emotional intelligence increases the effectiveness of leadership skills in a civil servant.","10",""],[24,"7. A Citizens' Charter sees public services through the eyes of those who use them. In this context, analyze the importance of citizen charter in making public services citizen centric.","10",""],[26,"8. Given the effects that cultural attitudes about menstruation have on women, there is need to follow a strategic approach in combating these. Discuss.","10",""],[27,"9. As the District Magistrate you are posted in a district that had been infamous for girl-child marriages. The government introduced a contributory scheme two decades ago, where the government contributed the same amount as the parents, into an account, for their girl child of age 0 to 7 years. The total sum could be withdrawn only when the girl turns eighteen and is unmarried. Due to this scheme, a new pattern has emerged. All girls are married as soon as they turn eighteen and incidents of dowry have increased substantially – because the community customs require paying the sum commensurate to the age of the girl. Further, parents now tend to save money for the scheme instead of investing in girl’s education. As the local administration tries to tackle the current situation it looks up to you for ideas and leadership:\n(a) Identify the factors which have led to such outcomes.\n(b) Devise a strategy, keeping in mind the multiple aspects of the situation.","20","around 250"],[32,"10. While on the one hand, some state governments have implemented alcohol consumption prohibition laws, it is permitted in other states. Debates around this issue often involves aspects such as individual rights, cultural attitudes and social welfare. As a teacher you need to explain the key issues involved to a young audience. What are these? How would you conclude the lecture?","20",""],[33,"How alcohol consumption affects individual rights :-","",""],[35,"ii) Should it be banned?\niii) Should state intervene in such practices?\niv) Root problem - is not consumption of alcohol but the idea of 'escaping reality'","",""],[37,"11. As a concerned citizen you have been engaged with the issue of persons employed in manual scavenging. You notice that despite laws and strictures from the highest court of the land the practice of employing human labour to clean sewers continues. While the administration has to ensure the cleanliness of the urban localities, those who are employed also have to earn to sustain themselves and their families. The death of few workers recently due to asphyxiation while cleaning a septic tank has caused much consternation in your locality. You would like to engage with the situation by writing to the administration, for which you need to find an answer to the following:\n(a) Identify the stakeholders involved and state their conflicting interests.\n(b) What challenges does the administration face in curbing this social evil?\n(c) Enumerate the steps to deal with the problem.","20",""],[42,"12. You are a teacher in the Science department of a reputed college. Your HoD (Head of Department) has been a good mentor to you and has guided your career progress. You get to know from one of your students that the HoD gives private tuitions at his residence, which is disliked by many others in the department. There are also rumours that he might be giving extra marks to the students taking his tuitions. When enquired, his reply is that he is not alone and a few other teachers are giving private tuitions as well. He assures you that it is beneficial for the students as some of them need extra attention. He advises you not to make a fuss about it and indirectly reminds you about the assessment rating, which is due this week. You are aware that a good rating will definitely get you the due promotion. The HoD is due to retire in 4 months.\n(a) What are the dilemmas that you face in this situation?\n(b) Highlight the course of action that you would adopt and give reasons for the same.","20",""],[47,"13. While stampedes and mishaps due to overcrowding have led to loss of lives on multiple occasions, it remains an issue discussed only when there is a tragedy. Recently you were assigned the responsibility of conducting a mela around a revered religious place, which attracts millions of devotees. Every year the numbers have been increasing and this year due to certain celestial alignments the crowd is expected to be unprecedented. In the previous year the officer in charge was criticised and transferred over allegations of hurting religious sensitivities by restricting access to the religious place. You have three months to prepare for the mela.\n(a) Identify the key areas you would focus on?\n(b) What are the challenges that you foresee?\n(c) How do you propose to overcome them?","20",""],[52,"14. You are a senior official at a government agency that is responsible for collection, storage and protection of biometric data of citizens. Due to the expanse of operations, the agency employs third parties for collection of data. There have been reports of security breach and leakage of data by third parties in exchange of money. A journalist from a prominent newspaper carries a sting operation and releases some data in the public to show the ongoing corruption and highlighting the inability of the agency in protecting public data. You are asked by the chairperson of the agency to file an FIR against the journalist and pursue criminal proceedings against him considering it an act of unauthorized access.\n(a) Do you agree with the action sought by the chairperson against the journalist? Give appropriate reasons for your answer.\n(b) If you disagree, what would be your course of action?\n(c) Do you think the action of the journalist is justified?","20",""]]},{"i":381,"t":"Hardik Garg","c":"Vision","p":"Essay","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/cbe89-1271707_2121_hardik_garg_rank_81.pdf","q":[[3,"i) If the only tool you have is a hammer, you tend to see every problem as a nail","",""]]},{"i":382,"t":"Haresh Lodha","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2025,"r":261,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/HARSH-SANTOSH-LODHAUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-261-Sample-MGP-COPY-3-1.pdf","q":[[2,"Q.1) Discuss the role of the 'Fourth Estate' in upholding democratic values and analyse the issues affecting press freedom in India.","10","150"],[4,"The electoral process, though inclusionary in theory, has been pointed out for exclusionary tendencies in practice. Analyse, with special emphasis on role of women in India's representative electoral system.","10","150"],[6,"Q.3) Human dignity, stemming from right to life, does not end with death penalty. In this context, throw light on various controversies surrounding capital punishment in the country.","10","150"],[7,"B How to decide if capital punishment be given?","",""],[8,"Q.4) Assess the effectiveness of Inter-State River Water Disputes Act, 1956 in resolution of river-water disputes. Also describe the potential impact of delays in resolution of water disputes.","10","150"],[10,"Q.5) Discuss the significance of the cooperative model of development in addressing the issues of rural growth.","10","150"],[12,"Q.6 In order to pass the ultimate test of good governance, welfare state should be close to the people, responsive to their aspirations, and inclusive in its approach. Discuss with special reference to PM PVTG Development Mission.","10","150"],[14,"Q.7) To what extent collaboration between the state and civil society organizations (CSOs) help in addressing poverty and malnutrition in the country?","10","150"],[16,"Q.8 Absence of a robust social infrastructure in the country may become one of the most significant challenges in achieving a developed status by 2047. Discuss.","10","150"],[18,"Q.9) Though the changing paradigm towards dialogue and diplomacy in West Asia augurs well for India's interests in this otherwise restive region, presence of inimical actors may reverse the gains. Explain.","10","150"],[20,"Q.10) Water diplomacy can redefine the contours of regional cooperation in South Asia. Discuss with special reference to Indus water treaty 1960.","10","150"],[22,"Q.11 Despite constitutional backing to the institutions of local governance, the idea of decentralisation has remained hostage to several structural bottlenecks. Elucidate.","15","250"],[25,"Q.12 Independent judiciary, as envisaged by the constitution, provides the bedrock for a thriving polity; however, executive encroachment may erode its credibility and affect its efficacy. Evaluate.","15","250"],[28,"Q.13 Executive agencies, working as the watchdog against impropriety, are vital to act against the corrupt; however, pandering to vested interests may have the effect of turning the idea of rule of law on its head. Comment, with special reference to controversies associated with the Enforcement Directorate (ED).","15","250"],[31,"Q.14 Critically analyse the role of National Commission for Women (NCW) in wake of its mandate to safeguard women's rights and uphold their socio-economic wellbeing.","15","250"],[34,"Q.15) Understanding the extent, source, and complexity of deprivations among the multidimensionally poor contributes to more informed policymaking. In this context, analyze the latest National Multidimensional Poverty Index Report by NITI Aayog.","15","250"],[36,"Q.16 Though lifeblood of a representative democracy, political parties are beset with challenges of their own, limiting their larger role in democratization of the society.","15","250"],[39,"Q.17 Safely managed drinking water services, as desired by Jal Jeevan Mission, are designated to give multifarious benefits cutting across generations. Discuss. Also, elaborate upon the challenges in ensuring the mission's success.","15","250"],[42,"Q.18 Legislation like Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe (Prevention of Atrocities) Act 1989 remains mere legal documents without intense sensitization of public functionaries and the civil society. Discuss.","15","250"],[45,"Q.19 Harbinger of global rebalancing, India-Africa ties are a beacon of inclusive, sustainable, and equitable world. Explain.","15","250"],[48,"Q.20) How do ASEAN centrality, rules-based order, and development partnership with Pacific Island states make Indo-Pacific a theatre of opportunity for India? What are the hurdles in realisation of an inclusive Indo-Pacific construct?","15","250"]]},{"i":384,"t":"Harsh Lodha","c":"Forumias","p":"GS1","y":2025,"r":261,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/HARSH-SANTOSH-LODHAUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-261-Sample-MGP-COPY-2-1.pdf","q":[[2,"Q.1) In many ways, the Spanish civil war was the opening act of WWII. Comment.","10","150"],[4,"Q.2) How will you explain the different fates of Buddhism and Jainism despite a slew of similarities in the two religions?","10","150"],[6,"Q.3) Non-Cooperation Movement democratized India's freedom struggle but suffered from inherent limitations. Discuss.","10","150"],[8,"Q.4) Critically analyse the efficacy of linguistic reorganization of states in addressing the reasons for linguistic divides in post-independent India.","10","150"],[10,"Q.5) Briefly discuss the role of plate tectonics theory in explaining the location of volcanoes. Also, explain the multifarious impacts of volcanoes on the surrounding regions.","10","150"],[12,"Q.6 Taking further the success of Aspirational Districts Programme, Aspirational Blocks can help achieve the twin objectives of balanced growth and checking stress migration. Comment.","10","150"],[14,"Q.7) Describe the critical factors for location of defense industries and suggest measures to overcome the challenges.","10","150"],[16,"Q.8 To what extent can Socio-Economic-Caste Census (SECC) address the challenges in achieving equitable resource allocation and targeted welfare?","10","150"],[18,"Q.9 Indian society is premised on some common values that give it a composite texture as well as some diverse practices that deepen its heterogeneity. Elucidate.","10","150"],[20,"Q.10) What are the factors that influence population growth in the country? In this perspective, examine the relevance and need of raising the minimum marriageable age of women for population development.","10","150"],[22,"Q.11 Bring out the reasons behind the tribal unrest in British India. Also, analyze the reasons for their limited success.","15","250"],[25,"Q.12 The independence of India was not a result of a forced expulsion of the Empire, as desired by the Quit India Movement; it was rather a confluence of domestic politics and global circumstances. Analyze.","15","250"],[28,"Q.13) Explain why Sufism, a liberal reform movement in Islam could deepen its roots in the Indian sub-continent, despite Islam being a foreign religion? Also, bring out the impacts of Sufism on Indian society.","15","250"],[31,"Q.14 Enumerate the reasons behind rising intensity and frequency of cyclones in the Arabian Sea in recent years. Giving special reference to NDMA guidelines, recommend measures to check the adverse impacts of cyclones.","15","250"],[34,"Q.15 Examine the impacts of climate change on the hydrological cycle and suggest suitable mitigation and adaptation strategies to contain the harmful implications.","15","250"],[37,"Q.16) Defining continental shelf, highlight its resource potential and ecological significance.","15","250"],[40,"Q.17 Rooted in patriarchal values, gender-based violence, in all its manifestations, is antithetical to societal growth. Explain.","15","250"],[43,"Q.18 The caste calculus in the Indian society remains predominant and continues to project its shadow on social, political, and economic domains. Do you agree? Substantiate your answer.","15","250"],[46,"Q.19 Discuss various factors contributing to the water woes faced by Indian cities. Also, explain complexities in implementing a comprehensive water management plan.","15","250"],[48,"3 Different geographical challenges & topographical issues of cities.","",""],[49,"Q.20) Though important elements of group identity, religion and region also run the risk of deepening communal cleavages. Comment.","15","250"]]},{"i":383,"t":"Harsh Lodha","c":"Forumias","p":"GS3","y":2025,"r":261,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/HARSH-SANTOSH-LODHAUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-261-Sample-MGP-COPY-1-1.pdf","q":[[2,"Q.1) What do you understand from land subsidence? Explaining various reasons behind land subsidence, recommend measures to arrest the calamity.","10","150"],[4,"Q.3) What are the suitable conditions for the formation of a tropical cyclone? Also, bring out differences between a tropical and an extra-tropical cyclone.","10","150"],[6,"Q.4) Elucidate the differences between Western and Indian model of secularism. To what extent do you agree with the criticism that Indian model of secularism is susceptible to promoting minority appeasement?","10","150"],[8,"Q.5 Discuss the multi-dimensional implications of uneven distribution of semiconductor industry in the world.","10","150"],[10,"Q.6) Examining the reasons behind erratic Monsoon, highlight the possible outcomes of the same.","10","150"],[11,"5 Extremes in land-sea heating differential leading to floods or droughts","",""],[12,"Q.7) Why is Antarctic becoming an area of renewed human interest? Examine the significance of Antarctic bill, 2022 in protecting India's interest in the region.","10","150"],[14,"Q.8) How does the Eastern coast of India differ in its geographical features from the western coast?","10","150"],[16,"Q.9) Explain the meaning of colour-coded weather warnings for:\na) Rainstorms\nb) Thunderstorms\nc) Duststorms","10","150"],[18,"Q.10) How has globalization and urbanization impacted the Indian family system?","10","150"],[20,"Q.11 Coral reefs are considered to be at the epicentre of marine ecology; however, their existence is threatened due to a plethora of anthropogenic and natural causes. Comment.","15","250"],[23,"Q.12) Discuss the causes for salinity ingress along with its various consequences and potential solutions.","15","250"],[26,"Q.13 The actualization of a seamless urban mass transport is hackled by a slew of factors. Identifying these factors, recommend measures to create a robust paradigm for urban mass transport.","15","250"],[29,"Q.14) The economic and strategic significance of mineral wealth of a country cannot be seen in isolation from the associated socio-ecological impacts of their extraction. Discuss in light of the newfound lithium reserves in Northern India.","15","250"],[32,"Q.15 Examine the reasons behind generation of regional sentiments? Do you agree that regional sentiments and cultural assertiveness may lead to the issue of separatism?","15","250"],[33,"Lead to separatism?","",""],[35,"Q.16 Explain the mechanism and occurrence of earthquake. With the help of map given below, throw light upon the vulnerability of regions affected by earthquake and earthquake related disasters.","15","250"],[38,"Q.17 Enumerating different types of tides highlight their significance. Also, explain how tides are different from waves.","15","250"],[41,"Q.18 With special reference to India, elucidate how globalisation - a multifaceted phenomenon - has had positive socio-economic outcomes on one hand and widened the gaps between the haves and have nots on the other?","15","250"],[44,"Q.19 What makes India one of the most vulnerable regions to climate change? Discuss the role of governments, citizens, and businesses in building climate resilience.","15","250"],[47,"Q.20 All deserts are rain deficit, but are formed due to different reasons. Discuss. Also, analyse various adaptations in the flora and fauna to survive the water deficit conditions.","15","250"]]},{"i":385,"t":"Harsh Lodha","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":2025,"r":261,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/HARSH-SANTOSH-LODHAUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-261-Sample-MGP-COPY-4-1.pdf","q":[[2,"Q1) a) Where the roots of private virtue are diseased, the fruit of public probity cannot but be corrupt. What do you understand by probity? Discuss ways of inculcating probity in public life.","10","150"],[4,"b) Evaluate the role of citizen's charter in making governance citizen centric. Also, recommend some measures to make citizen's charters more effective.","10","150"],[6,"Q.2) a) Differentiate between the following:\n(i) code of conduct and code of ethics\n(ii) Accountability and responsibility","10","150"],[8,"b) While successful managers make profit for their organizations, it is leaders who build successful organizations. In light of this statement, differentiate between a manager and a leader. Examine why leadership is considered a foundational value for a civil servant.","10","150"],[9,"Why leadership foundational value.","",""],[10,"Q.3) a) Right to Information Act, 2005, aims to make the governance process transparent and accountable, however, the sunshine legislation is beset with several challenges. Analyse.","10","150"],[12,"b) Uniform Civil Code (UCC) aims to create a common set of laws governing personal matters, such as marriage, divorce, inheritance, and adoption, irrespective of individuals' religious affiliations. In the context of the ongoing discourse on UCC in India, examine the challenges that arise when attempting to reconcile legal principles with diverse moral considerations. To what extent should the law be influenced by moral/religious principles?","10","150"],[14,"Q.4) a) \"Why should a man be moral? Because it strengthens his will.\" - Swami Vivekanand. In this perspective, discuss the significance of morality for bringing efficiency and effectiveness in public administration. Do you think moral rigidity can be a hindrance in good governance?","10","150"],[16,"b) Various practices and policies are implemented to uphold transparency, fairness, and accountability within administrative systems, encompassing both advantageous and disadvantageous aspects for the stakeholders involved and the overall administrative framework. Explore the ethical considerations that arise from the design and implementation of these administrative practices aiming to foster effective governance.","10","150"],[18,"Q.5) a) Civil servants who embody emotional intelligence exhibit a profound understanding of the human aspect of governance, enabling them to cultivate meaningful relationships, foster cooperation, and drive positive change. Examine ways in which Emotional Intelligence can be inculcated in civil servants.","10","150"],[20,"b) The challenges posed by the corporate sector's impact on climate, environmental sustainability, and living conditions has highlighted the need for responsible and inclusive business practices. In this direction, the contemporary discourse on corporate governance is emphasizing the interconnectedness of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors. Evaluate the ESG framework in equipping the corporate world with the capabilities to fulfill its social roles and responsibilities.","10","150"],[22,"Q.6) What does each of the following quotation mean to you?\na) \"Honesty is the first chapter in the book of wisdom\" - Thomas Jefferson","10","150"],[24,"b) \"When I do good, I feel good; when I do bad, I feel bad, and that is my religion\" - Abraham Lincoln.","10","150"],[26,"c) \"Real change, enduring change, happens one step at a time.\" – Ruth Bader Ginsburg.","10","150"],[28,"Q.7 Prachinmath is a pilgrim town nestled in the laps of Himalayas. The town is part of one of the border states of the country. It serves as the base for a highly revered and well-known pilgrimage undertaken by millions of people every year. The people of Prachinmath, who are largely from a close-knit community of Pahadi tribe, have lived in the area for several generations. The Pahadi people, since many generations, have developed a lifestyle which is integral to the ecosystem of Prachinmath. The traditional knowledge of the tribe passed from one generation to other have helped the people in living with the environment in a sustainable manner. The people of Prachinmath worshipped the local deity, and believed it to be their destiny to live in the region in a peaceful and harmonious way. However, the increasing pace of unplanned development, uncontrolled religious tourism, creation of strategic infrastructure etc., in the contemporary times have fundamentally altered the minimalistic nature of relationship that the people of Prachinmath had with the local/fragile environment. Prachinmath Bachao Committee (PBC), a civil society organization of Pahadi tribals, has consistently opposed the unbridled and brazen exploitation of the resources of Prachinmath. They have through petitions, jan sabhas, nukkad nataks etc., highlighted the grave consequences of the unsustainable development model that the state and the Union governments were adopting for Prachinmath. However, their petitions had fallen on deaf ears. Moreover, the government justified the infrastructure creation in Prachinmath in order to cater to its strategic and religious significance. The problems came to a head when the government decided to construct a tunnel in Prachinmath, in order to generate hydroelectricity. The PBC as well as prominent geologists of the country vehemently opposed the idea citing its negative impact upon the region. The scientific community was of the opinion that as Prachinmath sits on geological fault lines and is built on a debris of a landslide, any large-scale construction may cause irreparable damage to the environment. Nevertheless, the government went ahead with the project, constructing the tunnel in a record time, citing its necessity for the energy security of the country. Even many economists were of the opinion that increased energy capacity will help India curtail its import bill. Such steps were hailed by the government as the stepping stone of the country towards strategic autonomy. The worst fears of the local and scientific communities came true when the houses in Prachinmath started showing large cracks. The reason for the crack, as found out after a detailed study, was attributed to the subsidence of land in Prachinmath. The sinking of the land, development of large cracks, collapsing of the buildings etc., caught the attention of social, electronic, and print media alike. Overnight, Prachinmath became the talk of the country. Even the international media highlighted the episode, and the existential threat that it posed to the local communities as well as the environment. The state and Union governments swung into action and formed an expert committee comprising of scientists, bureaucrats, NDRF/SDRF personnel etc., to look into the matter. The committee advised the government to evacuate Prachinmath completely, as the sinking of the land was continuing. Working on the recommendations of the committee, government prepared a detailed resettlement and rehabilitation plan for the people of Prachinmath. The Pahadi people, who squarely blamed the government for the crisis, felt cheated by the actions of the government and refused to evacuate from Prachinmath, the place of their ancestors.\na) What are the various conflicting interests in the above case study.\nb) As a DM of the district in which Prachinmath falls, how will you convince the people to evacuate from the area?\nc) What can we do to avoid such situations in the future.","20","250"],[33,"Q.8) Vihar is a state in the Northern part of the country. Prohibition laws in the state completely ban the storage, possession, sale, and consumption of liquor in any form. Despite the ban, the liquor mafia in the state has succeeded in supplying spurious liquor through various illegal dens. The activities of liquor mafia flourish under the nose of both the civil administration and the police department. Many Civil Society Organizations, women organizations etc., on numerous occasions complained to the authorities about the illegal production, sale, and consumption of liquor, but their complaints have fallen on deaf ears, and no substantial action was taken by the government to curb the menace.\nAs fate would have it, one day there was an unfortunate incident when a large group of fifty construction labourers died after consuming spurious liquor from an illegal den being operated by the mafia. Many of the victims were sole bread winners of their families. While the state was clear on its position that consuming liquor in the state was an illegal activity that warrants no sympathy or compensation (for the next of kin) from the government, families of the victims and also many CSOs were demanding compensation for the families of the deceased construction laborers.\nThe incident got both national and international coverage in print, electronic, as well as the social media. The pressure on the state government was mounting to amicably resolve the issue. Anjali is posted as the Joint Secretary in the Secretariat. The CM has asked her to create a detailed report on how should the state government handle this crisis.\na) Under the given circumstances, what measures should Anjali recommend to handle the above crisis.\nb) Critically evaluate the decision of state government to not compensate the victims of spurious liquor.","20","20"],[38,"Q.9) Kamlesh is a civil servant who has been recently posted as Additional Chief Secretary in the education department of the state. Kamlesh has a meticulous service record and is well known for his honesty, and a no-nonsense attitude. After joining the new department, the first major task before Kamlesh was to conduct the recruitments for the post of lecturers in government schools. The posts were lying vacant for a long time, and the government wanted to fill up the vacancies without further delay as it was one of the poll promises made by the present government. The recruitment process took place successfully under the supervision of Kamlesh. The concerned minister congratulated Kamlesh and informed him that the appointment letters will be allocated to the successful candidates in a ceremony which will be presided by the CM himself. Kamlesh was happy that his work was getting recognition at the highest level. One day, Kamlesh was sitting in his office when his secretary brought him a letter from a leading investigative journalist of the state. The letter dealt with the recently conducted recruitment of the lecturers. Kamlesh was shocked at the content of the letter. The investigative journalist had alleged that the question paper of the exam was leaked to a few successful candidates, who had also forged their documents to appear in the exam. The letter also highlighted a nexus of middlemen, politicians, and civil servants who facilitate such illicit practices. Moreover, the investigative journalist had also attached credible proofs. Kamlesh corroborated the facts of the letters from his own sources and found the allegations to be true prima facie. Since the matter was serious and warranted immediate action, Kamlesh brought the matter to the notice of his minister. To his surprise, the minister asked him to sit over the matter for some time. Minister reasoned that bringing out this matter will bring ignominy not only to the department but also to the government. Further, the minister reasoned that cancelling the whole recruitment process will be detrimental for the education department, schools etc; also, the sincere and honest candidates who have invested a lot of time and money for preparation may also get affected negatively. He also reminded Kamlesh that the participation of the CM has already been announced. After leaving the minister's office, Kamlesh got a phone call from Minister's Personal Secretary (PS). The PS hinted to Kamlesh that the concerned candidates were closely connected to the ruling political party, and going against them may create professional troubles for Kamlesh. On the other hand, his cooperation in this matter, the PS assured, will not go unnoticed and will be handsomely rewarded. Kamlesh had just settled in his new posting. He knows that going against the wish of the Minister may cause him his present posting. What was more Kamlesh's father is undergoing treatment in a local hospital. A shunting out from the district would mean that his father would have to be left alone to fend for himself. Further, Kamlesh's wife Priya, also a bureaucrat, is posted in the Chief Minister's Office (CMO). Kamlesh realises that his actions will also have a bearing on her career as well.\na) Bring out various ethical dilemmas faced by Kamlesh.\nb) Consider yourself in Kamlesh's position. What are the various options available to you?\nc) Critically evaluate each of the option listed by you.\nd) Which of the above option should Kamlesh adopt and why?","20","250"],[39,"a) कमलेश द्वारा सामना की गई विभिन्न नैतिक दुविधाओं को उजागर करें।\nb) अपने आप को कमलेश की स्थिति में समझें। आपके लिए विभिन्न विकल्प क्या उपलब्ध हैं?\nc) आपके द्वारा सुझाए प्रत्येक विकल्प का आलोचनात्मक मूल्यांकन करें।\nd) कमलेश को उपरोक्त में से कौन सा विकल्प अपनाना चाहिए और क्यों?\na) कमलेश द्वारा सामना की गई विभिन्न नैतिक दुविधाओं को उजागर करें।\nb) अपने आप को कमलेश की स्थिति में समझें। आपके लिए विभिन्न विकल्प क्या उपलब्ध हैं?\nc) आपके द्वारा सुझाए प्रत्येक विकल्प का आलोचनात्मक मूल्यांकन करें।\nd) कमलेश को उपरोक्त में से कौन सा विकल्प अपनाना चाहिए और क्यों?","20 अंक","250 शब्द"],[44,"Q.10 a) Identify various ethical concerns in the case study.\nb) You are a friend of Joseph. Joseph turns to you for advice. What advice will you give to Joseph and why?\na) Identify various ethical concerns in the case study.\nb) You are a friend of Joseph. Joseph turns to you for advice. What advice will you give to Joseph and why?","20","250"],[45,"a) मामले के अध्ययन में विभिन्न नैतिक चिंताओं की पहचान करें।\nb) आप जोसेफ के मित्र हैं। जोसेफ सलाह के लिए आपके पास आता है। आप जोसेफ को क्या सलाह देंगे और क्यों?\na) मामले के अध्ययन में विभिन्न नैतिक चिंताओं की पहचान करें।\nb) आप जोसेफ के मित्र हैं। जोसेफ सलाह के लिए आपके पास आता है। आप जोसेफ को क्या सलाह देंगे और क्यों?","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[50,"Q.11 Kamal is an Indian Administrative Service (IAS) officer. He has been recently transferred as the Municipal commissioner of the Kartavya Nagar Municipality. Kamal is an honest and no nonsense officer. He has been known for having a tough stance against corruption, lethargy, and indiscipline at the workplace. In his new responsibility as the Municipal commissioner, Kamal finds that the day-to-day functioning of the municipal office is in a very sorry state. The inefficiency and ineffectiveness have brought matters to such a pass that even the basic responsibilities like cleanliness of the city, upkeep of public places, redressal of grievances etc., are not fulfilled. Upon enquiring, Kamal finds that the reason for rampant indiscipline and corruption in the municipal office is primarily a group of errant employees. While they do not work themselves, they also create nuisance in the office, thereby disrupting the work of other sincere employees. Moreover, it also comes to Kamal's knowledge that these employees indulge in corrupt practices by demanding bribes from people for petty tasks. Further, Kamal has noticed that the undisciplined employees come to office late, leave early and also remain absent from work without permission. Kamal gets to know that the ringleader of these employees is a close relative of a local MLA. In order to improve the working condition of the municipal office, Kamal warns the mischievous employees to mend their troublesome ways or to face strict disciplinary actions. However, Kamal's warning has little effect on the thick-skinned employees, who continue to work in their wayward ways. Finally, Kamal issues a show cause notice to all the troublesome employees for their various acts of indiscipline. As a retaliatory measure, a woman employee amongst these troublemakers' files a complaint of sexual harassment against Kamal with the Women's commission. The commission has asked for Kamal's explanation in this matter. Also, this fabricated matter is publicised in the media to embarrass Kamal further. Moreover, the MLA begins pressuring Kamal to go soft on these employees. Some of the options before Kamal to handle this situation could be as follows:\ni) Give his explanation to the Commission and go soft on the disciplinary action.\nii) Ignore the commission and proceed firmly with the disciplinary action.\niii) Brief his higher-ups, seek directions from them and act accordingly.\na) Evaluate all the above courses of action and suggest the best course of action, giving your reasons for it.\nb) What according to you are the reasons behind poor work culture in public offices? Also, recommend measures to improve the same.","20","250"],[56,"Q.12) You are the managing director of an upcoming advertising company which has made a name for itself in the market in a very short time. Varun is a star employee of your company who has consistently given good performance. Some of the most popular advertisements of the company, in recent times, have been an outcome of Varun's creative ideas. Since his joining, Varun has helped in almost doubling the revenues of the company, by bringing new clients and improving the brand equity of the company. You place high value in Varun's professional competence and are in the process of giving him a bigger responsibility in the company. However, you have been hearing rumours from various sections about the attitude of Varun towards his female colleagues. It has come to your notice that Varun is habitual of passing loose and lewd comments on the female employees of the company. Furthermore, Varun regularly sends indecent messages on phone to all the employees, including female workers. One day, Geetanjali, an employee working in Varun's team comes to you visibly disturbed. She complains to you about the repeated misbehaviour of Varun towards her. She informs you that Varun has on many occasions made undesirable physical advances towards her. She also tells that last evening before her shift was about to end, Varun called her in his cabin and tried to touch her inappropriately. She requests you to conduct an enquiry by the internal complaints committee (formed under POSH Act). She also tells you that in case appropriate action is not taken against Varun, she will be forced to resign from her position. You personally know Geetanjali as a dedicated and honest employee of the company. You are aware that she is the sole breadwinner of her family and has to support her teen-age brother and ailing mother. You also understand that unless the situation was really serious, Geetanjali would not have thought of resignation. On the other hand, an enquiry against Varun may affect the financial growth of the company. Also, you know that if Varun is fired for his actions, many big clients may leave the company.\na) What are the ethical issues involved in this case study?\nb) Evaluate the different options available to you. In this situation, which option will you adopt and why?\nc) What steps will you take to ensure a safer workplace for women in your company?","20","250"],[57,"a) इस केस अध्ययन में कौन से नैतिक मुद्दे शामिल हैं?\nb) आपके पास उपलब्ध विभिन्न विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन करें। ऐसी स्थिति में आप कौन सा विकल्प अपनाएंगे और क्यों?\nc) आपकी कंपनी में महिलाओं के लिए सुरक्षित कार्यस्थल सुनिश्चित करने के लिए आप क्या कदम उठाएंगे? (20 अंक, 250 शब्द)","20 अंक","250"]]},{"i":388,"t":"Harsh Nehara","c":"Vision","p":"Essay","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/6549f-1387488_4514_harsh_nehara_rank_74.pdf","q":[[5,"Write two essays, choosing one topic from each of the Sections A and B, in about 1000-1200 words each :\n1. You may have to fight a battle more than once to win it.\n2. In matters of conscience, the law of the majority has no place.\n3. He who opens a school door, closes a prison.\n4. Only in the depths of winter can we truly appreciate the warmth of spring.\n5. We cannot always build the future for our youth, but we can build our youth for the future.\n6. Copying is safe; innovation demands courage.\n7. The more we automate, the more human we must become.\n8. The pursuit of instant validation is creating a generation of restless minds.","125 x 2 = 250","1000-1200 words each"],[6,"3. He who opens a school door, closes a prison.","",""],[20,"Copying is often considered safe, but why is it so?","",""]]},{"i":390,"t":"Harsh Nehara","c":"Vision","p":"GS1","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/69fcc-1387488_4510_harsh_nehara_rank_74.pdf","q":[[6,"1. Folk music serves as a repository of the cultural identity. Discuss the role of folk music in preserving cultural heritage and promoting social cohesion.","10","150"],[8,"2. How does the Vesara style of temple architecture represent a synthesis of the Nagara and Dravida styles? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[10,"3. Discuss the role played by Indians living abroad in advancing the cause of India's freedom struggle. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[12,"4. How did the Marshall Plan influence the economic recovery and political stability of post-war Europe? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[14,"5. Discuss the factors responsible for increased cyclonic activity in the Arabian Sea. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"6. How can technological interventions help in transforming the textile sector in India? What are the initiatives that the government has taken in this regard?","10","150"],[18,"7. What is a seiche and how does it form? Discuss the geographical conditions under which seiches are most likely to occur.","10","150"],[20,"8. How has rapid urbanisation affected the socio-cultural landscape of peri-urban regions in India?","10","150"],[22,"9. Examine the role of historical and socio-political factors in driving communalism in Indian politics.","10","150"],[24,"10. Globalization has significantly influenced the aspirations, lifestyle, and value systems of Indian youth. Discuss with suitable examples. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[26,"11. Examine how Chandragupta-II's reign symbolised a golden age of cultural development, laying the foundation for future advancements in Indian art and literature.","15","250"],[29,"12. Evaluate the intended and unintended consequences of British educational policies for the Indian society in the colonial period. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[32,"13. India's territorial disputes after independence were not merely about borders, but also encompass issues of national identity, historical grievances, and geopolitical strategies. Discuss. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[35,"14. Discuss the geographical conditions responsible for the development of shola forests in the upper reaches of the Western Ghats. Highlight their ecological significance.","15","250"],[38,"15. Discuss the potential of natural hydrogen as a fuel to meet growing global energy demands? Why is it still an untapped industry? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[41,"16. Why is there a shift of labour-intensive industries from China to South and Southeast Asia? Discuss the advantages and challenges for India in this context.","15","250"],[44,"17. Explain the socio-economic transformations resulting from women's migration to metropolitan areas in India.","15","Answer in 250"],[47,"18. The institution of marriage in India is increasingly becoming a site of conspicuous consumption and commodification. Critically examine the impact of this commercialisation on social equity and gender relations.","15","250"],[50,"19. Analyse how recognizing, reducing, and redistributing care work can foster gender equality and promote inclusive development in India.","15","250"],[53,"20. Discuss the changing nature of family structures in urban India. How is it impacting elderly care and socialization of the youth? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"]]},{"i":391,"t":"Harsh Nehara","c":"Visionias","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/11fb5-1387488_4511_harsh_nehara_rank_74.pdf","q":[[6,"1. How does the Supreme Court's recent decision on Aligarh Muslim University's minority status affect the interpretation of Article 30 of the Indian Constitution?","10","150"],[8,"2. The Supreme Court, in a recent verdict, prescribed a time period for the Governor's assent to state legislative bills. What are the implications of this judgment for cooperative federalism and legislative accountability in India? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[10,"3. Discuss the recent changes and initiatives related to cooperatives that aim to smoothen the tussle between the Centre and States in the cooperative sector. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[12,"4. In recent years, use of social media and digital mobilisation by civil society has emerged as a powerful form of pressure politics. Examine its impact on policymaking and democratic accountability.","10","150"],[14,"5. How is Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) emerging as a business-led solution for addressing development challenges in India? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"6. Discuss how mechanisms like public consultations and Jan Sunwais in India impact governance outcomes. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[18,"7. How effective have the National Action Plan for Drug Demand Reduction (NAPDDR) and Nasha Mukt Bharat Abhiyaan been in addressing substance abuse in India? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[20,"8. Rote learning and neglect of creativity in foundational education setup in India make it less ready for marketplaces that are now driven by Artificial Intelligence. Do you agree with this view? Substantiate your argument.","10","150"],[22,"9. Analyze the transformation of the G7 from a symbol of Western strategic unity to a forum marked by internal contradictions. How should India navigate this changing dynamic to advance its strategic interests? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[24,"10. Discuss the role of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in the development of developing countries. What are the key criticisms associated with its approach? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[26,"11. The 103rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 2019 has introduced a new dimension to the principle of affirmative action in India. Critically examine its implications for the broader goal of social justice. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[29,"12. The District Planning Committee (DPC) was envisioned as a key instrument to strengthen grassroots-level planning. How far has it succeeded in achieving this goal? Discuss the challenges faced by DPCs and suggest measures to make them more effective.","15","250"],[30,"A Case for success","",""],[32,"13. The restrictions imposed under Article 293 of the Constitution on State borrowing powers, though constitutionally valid, may hinder fiscal autonomy of States and disrupt cooperative federalism. Discuss in the light of recent developments.","15","250"],[35,"14. Examine the tension between the right to contest elections and the need to uphold electoral ethics under the Representation of the People Act. Should there be a lifetime ban on convicted criminals? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[38,"15. To what extent has the Beti Bachao Beti Padhao (BBBP) scheme, launched in 2015, succeeded in addressing the declining child sex ratio and empowering the girl child? Suggest measures to enhance its impact at the grassroots level.","15","Answer in 250"],[41,"16. Self-Help Groups (SHGs) are emerging as vehicles of socio-economic transformation in rural India. Examine the role of government in scaling their reach and effectiveness.","15","250"],[44,"17. Despite economic growth, multidimensional poverty continues to persist in India. Analyse the underlying causes and discuss the measures taken by the government to address them.","15","250"],[47,"18. India faces a paradox of food surplus and nutritional deficit. Analyse the structural reasons behind this paradox and suggest reform strategies. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[50,"19. India's timely response during the economic crises in Sri Lanka and the Maldives reflects its \"Neighbourhood First\" policy in action. Examine how Indian aid has impacted bilateral ties with these nations. What steps can further be taken to promote sustainable economic cooperation in the Indian Ocean region?","15","250"],[53,"20. Discuss the geostrategic significance of Afghanistan for India in the context of continental connectivity and access to Central Asia. How has the altered political landscape post-2021 affected India's connectivity and energy corridor ambitions? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"]]},{"i":387,"t":"Harsh Nehara","c":"Forumias","p":"GS3","y":2025,"r":74,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/HARSH-NEHARAUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-74-Sample-MGP-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) What is a 'Census'? Discuss the importance of Census for the economy and policy making.","10","10"],[5,"Q.2) Assess the role of NITI Aayog over the past decade in transforming the country's approach to planning and development.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) Discuss various measures taken by the Government to strengthen the Cooperative movement and ensure \"Sahakar Se Samriddhi\"","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) India remains significantly dependent on imports to meet its pulses demand. Examine the key challenges in achieving self-reliance in pulses. Also, mention the major government initiatives taken in this regard.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) What is a 'Black box'? Explain its significance in flight safety and airplane crash investigations.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6 How does NISAR mission exemplify international cooperation in space exploration and scientific research? In what ways will it help in climate change monitoring and natural hazard management?","10","150"],[15,"Q.7 While oceans are considered among mankind's best allies in the fight against climate change, they are themselves heavily impacted by the same. Discuss.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) \"Disasters cannot be managed by a single agency, department, or ministry on its own. It requires a whole-of-government and whole-of-society approach.\" Elucidate.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9 The convergence of organized crime and terrorism presents a formidable challenge to the country's internal security. Analyse.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10 In an era of complex security challenges, examine the ways in which the private sector can contribute to strengthening India's internal security.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11) Recently, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) announced a transfer of surplus to the Union Government for the financial year 2024-25. What does ‘surplus’ mean in this context? How does the RBI generate it, and what is its significance for the country's fiscal policy?","15","250"],[26,"Q.12 Examine the role of Public-Private Partnership (PPP) model in the development of ports in India.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 \"Legalizing the Minimum Support Price (MSP) would create more challenges than it resolves.\" Comment.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 Why does India's agricultural export performance remain weak despite high production levels? What measures would you suggest to improve agri-export competitiveness?","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 How the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) can help India in its socio-economic development? Identify the hurdles in its large-scale adoption and suggest corrective measures.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16 What is a Geographical Indication (GI)? What are the legal frameworks governing it? How does it differ from a trademark? How can GI infringement be tackled?","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 \"Mangroves contribute significantly to the coastal economy and ecology, but they are threatened by numerous factors\". Elaborate. Also, state the measures taken by the government for mangrove conservation and restoration.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 What is oil pollution? What are its impacts on the marine ecosystem? In what way is oil pollution particularly harmful for a country like India?","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have become an integral aspect of modern conflict and warfare, employed by both state and non-state actors. Discuss its implications for India's security architecture and state the measures being taken to address them. Also suggest other steps to tackle the threats emanating from UAVs.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 Maritime security challenges are complex, driven by both conventional and non-conventional threats. In this context, discuss the key maritime security challenges in India. Also, highlight the measures taken by the government in this regard.","15","250"],[52,"3 Refugee influx & human trafficking from Myanmar","",""]]},{"i":392,"t":"Harsh Nehara","c":"Vision","p":"GS3","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/b2292-1387488_4512_harsh_nehara_rank_74.pdf","q":[[6,"1. Analyse the factors that have contributed to India's inclusive economic growth in the past decade. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[8,"2. The Reserve Bank of India’s surplus transfers offer the government much-needed fiscal space, yet they are not without challenges. Critically examine the implications of the RBI's surplus transfers to the government.","10","150"],[10,"3. To what extent was the first National Monetization Pipeline (NMP) able to meet its objectives? What are the objectives of the new Asset Monetization Plan 2025–30 as announced in the recent 2025 Budget? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[12,"4. Examine the major challenges hindering the Indian textile industry from achieving its full potential in the global value chain. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[14,"5. Why has India become increasingly import-dependent for edible oils despite being a major agricultural economy? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"6. Air accidents are low-frequency but high-impact events. Examine the disaster management protocols in place for aviation-related emergencies in India. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[18,"7. Chemical pollution poses a grave threat to human health and the environment in India. Discuss the key sources contributing to pervasive chemical contamination and evaluate the effectiveness of existing environmental laws in curbing this problem.","10","150"],[20,"8. Missile defence systems are becoming critical for national security in the face of evolving regional threats and advanced weapon technologies. Explain the working principle of missile defence systems. Critically assess India's progress in developing indigenous missile defence capabilities.","10","150"],[22,"9. Despite multiple resolutions and initiatives undertaken by the United Nations Security Council (UNSC), its efforts to counter terrorism have achieved limited success. Discuss the reasons for this limited effectiveness. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[24,"10. India practices a ‘multi-alignment’ approach in its cyber diplomacy. How does this posture strengthen India’s internal security while maintaining strategic autonomy? (Answer in 150 words)","","150"],[26,"11. While examining the shortcomings of the land reforms in the past, elaborate what land reforms 2.0 should look like. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[29,"12. As NITI Aayog completes 10 years of its establishment, critically examine its role in the planning and development paradigm of governance in India. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[32,"13. What are the primary causes of limited formal credit penetration among the rural and unbanked populations in India? Comment on the effectiveness of Small Finance Banks in addressing this gap and advancing inclusive financial growth.","","250"],[35,"14. To what extent has the Production Linked Incentive Scheme for the food processing industry facilitated value addition, employment generation, and global competitiveness in India's food processing industry? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[38,"15. Waste circularity is emerging as a sustainable solution to India's mounting solid waste crisis. Discuss the key principles of waste circularity and the government's initiative in this regard. How effective have these measures been in fostering a circular economy? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[41,"Discuss the importance of integrating traditional ecological knowledge of India's tribal communities with modern disaster management frameworks. Mention two examples where indigenous practices have contributed to disaster resilience.","15","250"],[44,"17. CRISPR technology has rapidly advanced in recent years, with new tools and clinical breakthroughs. Highlight the recent developments in CRISPR-based gene editing technology applications. Discuss the opportunities and ethical challenges these advancements present for healthcare and society.","15","250"],[47,"A credible semiconductor ecosystem is pivotal for India's economic security as much as for national security. Analyse the strategic objectives, incentives, and institutional architecture of the India Semiconductor Mission (ISM). Identify the major risks that could derail its timelines.","15","250"],[50,"19. Intricate inter-play of diverse factors has been the force multipliers for extremism in the North East. Discuss. Suggest a multilayered strategy to tackle the menace of extremism in this region. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[53,"Despite recent steps towards inducting women into combat roles, their participation remains low. Examine the key challenges impeding the greater inclusion of women in the Indian armed forces. Also, suggest suitable measures to enhance their participation. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"]]},{"i":386,"t":"Harsh Nehara","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":2025,"r":74,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/HARSH-NEHARAUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-74-Sample-AWFG-Copy-1-1.pdf","q":[[2,"Q.1) Examine the relevance of the following in the context of Governance and public service:\na) Probity\nb) Code of Ethics","10","150"],[3,"Q.5) What do you understand by the quote below? Discuss with examples.","10","150"],[4,"Q.7) You are working as a District Development Officer (DDO). You are known for your honesty and dedication to work. All the files related to development work and contracts in the district pass through your office. This makes your office vulnerable to corruption. You have made it clear to your staff that you will follow zero tolerance to corruption in office and very strict action will be taken against anyone who indulges in corruption.\nOne day a contractor came to meet you regarding an ongoing project. He informed you that your peon takes money from all the contractors for telling them about your schedule and meeting timings. The contractor told you that it is difficult to meet you because of your busy schedule. The peon takes money and informs them about timings when you are available in the office. It saves them much effort and makes it easy to meet you.\nYou are unhappy with your peon. You called him and asked for an explanation. The peon told you that he does not ask for money, it is the contractors who give him money on their own. The amount involved is very small, just sufficient for tea or coffee. He further says that he has 4 daughters, all of whom are unmarried. His youngest daughter has a chronic illness and she is bedridden. He tells you that he is in dire need of money. He also tells you that this is a common practice and peons of all the officers get money from the contractors for facilitating their meetings with other officers.\nYou enquired about his story with your other staff and whatever he told you about his daughters was true. You know that the salary of a peon is not sufficient for taking care of a big family and getting good treatment for her daughter. There is also the problem of dowry in the area which makes the marriage of a girl child an expensive affair and a financial burden on the parents.\na) Why are such acts of petty corruption considered acceptable in government offices?\nb) Is there a case for serious action against the peon? What will be your course of action to deal with the situation?","20","250"],[20,"Q.7) Why petty crime overlooked","",""]]},{"i":389,"t":"Harsh Nehara","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/6d76b-1387488_4513_harsh_nehara_rank_74.pdf","q":[[6,"1. (a) Compassion is the courageous choice to feel another's suffering as one's own, and to act upon it, even when silence is safer and indifference is easier. Examine the significance of compassion as an essential ethical value for civil servants in India. Illustrate your answer with suitable examples.","10","150"],[8,"1. (b) Marriages in India are transitioning from traditional sacramental unions to more autonomous relationships, reflected in live-in relationships and rising divorce rates. Discuss the ethical dimensions of these changes.","10","150"],[10,"2. (a) While accountability often necessitates documentation, an overemphasis on bureaucratic procedures and excessive paperwork can inadvertently silence the very voices that public policy intends to empower, particularly at the grassroots. Examine the above statement with suitable illustrations.","10","150"],[12,"2. (b) The principle of impartiality may conflict with the need for compassion towards marginalized communities. Discuss in the context of civil services in India.","10","Answer in 150"],[14,"3 (a) What do each of the following quotations mean to you?\n \"The strength of a nation derives from the integrity of the home.\" - Confucius (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"3. (b) \"Act only according to that maxim through which you can at the same time will that it become a universal law.\" - Immanuel Kant (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[18,"3. (c) \"We are not only responsible for what we do, but also for what we fail to do\" - Molière. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[19,"What needs to be done","",""],[20,"4. (a) Patriotism encourages ethical questioning, while nationalism often suppresses it. Discuss this statement in light of the formation of political attitudes during high-pressure national events. How can individuals develop moral attitudes that balance national interest with ethical reasoning? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[22,"4. (b) Discuss how employee well-being and fairness can be balanced with efficiency and profitability in private organisations.","10","150"],[24,"5. (a) Do you agree that excessive use of social media and emerging AI technologies may lead to a decline in emotional regulation and moral sensitivity among adolescents? Justify your answer.","10","150"],[26,"5. (b) In light of the increasing incidents of suicides among students in India, discuss how Emotional Intelligence (EI) can aid in managing stress and emotional challenges.","10","Answer in 150"],[28,"6. (a) In public service, emotional intelligence is not about suppressing emotion, but mastering its purpose — to connect, to de-escalate, and to uplift others with empathy and strength. Do you agree with this view? Discuss.","10","150"],[30,"6. (b) An efficient work culture is built not only on rules, but on shared values. In this context, evaluate the role of leadership and team dynamics in transforming work culture within an organization.","10","150"],[32,"7 You are posted as the Joint Secretary in the Department of Information Technology of a state. The government recently implemented several citizen-centric digital services, collecting large volumes of personal data from residents. The Digital Personal Data Protection (DPDP) Act, 2023, requires that such data be processed only with explicit and informed consent, and mandates that processing must cease immediately upon withdrawal of consent.\n\nDuring an internal audit, you discover that the department continues to process and analyze personal data of several citizens even after they have formally withdrawn their consent. This data is being used for policy analytics and service improvement, purposes not explicitly disclosed at the time of data collection. When you bring this to the attention of your department head, you are informed that halting the processing will disrupt ongoing digital initiatives and may affect state-level performance metrics. Moreover, you find that the consent withdrawal process is cumbersome, and many citizens are unaware of their rights under the DPDP Act.\n\nYou also learn that a prominent social activist is planning to file a complaint with the Data Protection Board against involuntary use of personal data, which could attract public scrutiny and legal action against the department.\n(a) Identify and discuss the ethical issues involved in this case.\n(b) What are the potential consequences for the department if the issue is not addressed transparently?\n(c) How would you balance the need for efficient public service delivery with the obligation to protect citizens’ data rights? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[37,"8 (a) इस प्रकरण में शामिल प्रमुख नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं? हितधारकों और उनके परस्पर विरोधी हितों की पहचान कीजिए।\n(b) लोक निर्माण विभाग के सचिव के रूप में, आप उपयुक्त स्थिति में क्या कार्रवाई करेंगे?\n(c) ऐसी घटनाएं सिविल सेवकों के मनोबल और शासन में जनता के विश्वास को कैसे प्रभावित करती हैं? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)\na) इस प्रकरण में शामिल प्रमुख नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं? हितधारकों और उनके परस्पर विरोधी हितों की पहचान कीजिए।\nb) लोक निर्माण विभाग के सचिव के रूप में, आप उपयुक्त स्थिति में क्या कार्रवाई करेंगे?\nc) ऐसी घटनाएं सिविल सेवकों के मनोबल और शासन में जनता के विश्वास को कैसे प्रभावित करती हैं? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250 शब्दों में"],[38,"(a) What are the key ethical issues involved in this situation? Identify the stakeholders and their conflicting interests.\n(b) As the Secretary of the PWD, what actions will you take in above situation?\n(c) How do such incidents affect the morale of civil servants and public trust in governance? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[42,"9 You are the Secretary in the Department of Personnel and Training (DoPT), Government of India. In recent years, an increasing number of civil servants, particularly younger officers from the IAS, IPS, and IRS, have begun maintaining personal YouTube channels and social media pages. On these platforms, they regularly post videos related to their official work — showcasing innovative projects, public outreach initiatives, inspection drives, and sometimes even day-to-day administrative duties.\n\nThese videos often receive widespread public attention, and many viewers express admiration, saying such content enhances transparency, motivates aspirants, and humanizes the bureaucracy. However, concerns have also emerged from various quarters. Senior officers argue that such content may blur the boundaries between personal branding and public service, while some citizens and media commentators point to instances where videos feature vulnerable beneficiaries without consent, raise concerns about misuse of official premises, or seem designed more for personal popularity than public accountability.\n\nYou have been asked to prepare a report, including disciplinary measures, to maintain a balance between public interest, institutional integrity, and evolving modes of communication.\n(a) लोक सेवकों द्वारा अपने आधिकारिक कार्यों को सोशल मीडिया पर सार्वजनिक रूप से प्रदर्शित करने के कृत्यों में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों की पहचान कीजिए।\n(b) क्या ऐसी प्रयासें जागरूकता और प्रेरणा को प्रोत्साहित देती हैं या क्या ये अनामिता, तटस्थता और सामूहिक सेवा भावना के मूल्यों से समझौता करती हैं? अपना मत दीजिए।\n(c) सचिव के रूप में, लोक सेवकों की उत्तरदायित्व डिजिटल सहभागिता सुनिश्चित करने के लिए आप कौन-से मार्गदर्शक सिद्धांत और नीतिगत अनुशासन सुझाएंगे? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250"],[43,"You have been asked to prepare a report with recommendations to balance public interest, institutional integrity, and evolving modes of communication.\n(a) Identify the ethical issues involved in civil servants publicly showcasing their official work on social media.\n(b) Do such practices promote awareness and motivation, or do they compromise the values of anonymity, neutrality, and collective service ethos? Give your opinion.\n(c) As the Secretary, what guiding principles and policy recommendations would you suggest to ensure responsible digital engagement by civil servants?","20","Answer in 250"],[47,"10 You are the Director of the National Bioethics Commission who is responsible for assessing the ethical feasibility and oversight of a nationwide gene sequencing program. The project named GeneFuture, aims to sequence the DNA of every newborn child and store it in a centralized national database. The objective is to identify genetic predispositions to serious diseases early in life, allowing for preventive treatment and personalized medicine. Over 100,000 babies have already been enrolled in the pilot phase of the program. The government claims that this move is a landmark step in public health advancement.\n\nHowever, collection of newborn genetic data raises significant ethical concerns, particularly around informed consent, which may not fully capture parents' understanding of the long-term risks involved. Once gathered, this sensitive data could be misused for purposes such as surveillance, insurance discrimination, or commercial marketing by third parties. Uncertainty over data ownership—whether it lies with the state, parents, or the individual as they mature—further complicates the issue. The involvement of private tech and pharmaceutical companies heightens fears of commercial exploitation, especially in the absence of clear mechanisms for individuals to withdraw consent or delete their genetic information upon reaching adulthood.\n(a) What are the ethical issues you perceive in the implementation of the GeneFuture program?\n(b) Identify the conflicting interests of different stakeholders in this case.\n(c) What guiding ethical principles would you recommend for implementation of this project? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[52,"11 You are a dedicated District Health Officer (DHO) with a strong commitment to evidence-based public health practices, recently assigned to a remote district in India. Your immediate and most critical task is to lead a crucial district-wide Measles-Rubella (MR) vaccination drive, aimed at achieving 100% immunization coverage among children aged 9 months to 15 years. The success of this drive is vital for the collective health of thousands of children and for the district's overall health indicators, especially with the impending monsoon season posing additional health challenges.\n\nHowever, in one of the largest and most traditional villages in your district, you encounter formidable resistance. The villagers, deeply influenced by the pronouncements of a revered local spiritual leader, believe that vaccination is an attack on their souls and an attempt by external forces to control their population. They say that traditional herbal remedies and ritual blessings provide sufficient protection. This spiritual leader, who is actually a shrewd but ignorant person, publicly advises his followers to oppose vaccination. He cites some alleged 'failures' and ancient prophecies as examples. Despite widespread awareness campaigns, vaccination camps in the village have been almost completely boycotted. Your health workers, some of whom are locals, face social boycott or even physical threats and intense opposition.\n\nThe state health department is under extreme pressure to meet vaccination targets and warns that failure to do so will have serious consequences. It has also instructed that force should not be used under any circumstances as it may cause public unrest. The department has also withdrawn support for 'consent-based' public health prioritization.\n\nMeanwhile, a large annual fair is about to be held, involving many villages and areas. If this village remains unvaccinated, it could lead to a rapid and serious spread of MR in the entire district and beyond.\n(a) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the above scenario.\n(b) What immediate alternatives do you have to calm this resistance?\n(c) To counter the widespread impact of superstition and to improve public health outcomes, what long-term strategies and systemic reforms would you suggest? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[53,"(a) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the above case.\n(b) What are the immediate options available to you to overcome this resistance?\n(c) What long-term strategies and systemic reforms would you suggest to address the pervasive influence of superstition and foster a scientific temperament for sustainable public health outcomes? (Answer in 250 words)\na) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the above case.\nb) What are the immediate options available to you to overcome this resistance?\nc) What long-term strategies and systemic reforms would you suggest to address the pervasive influence of superstition and foster a scientific temperament for sustainable public health outcomes?","20","250"],[57,"12 (a) आपके समक्ष विद्यमान संभावित प्रशासनिक और नैतिक दुविधाएं क्या हैं?\n(b) आपके लिए उपलब्ध सभी विकल्पों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\n(c) आप अपने निर्णय का नैतिक औचित्य सिद्ध करते हुए कौन-सी व्यापक कार्यवाही करेंगे? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)\na) आपके समक्ष विद्यमान संभावित प्रशासनिक और नैतिक दुविधाएं क्या हैं?\nb) आपके लिए उपलब्ध सभी विकल्पों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\nc) आप अपने निर्णय का नैतिक औचित्य सिद्ध करते हुए कौन-सी व्यापक कार्यवाही करेंगे? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250 शब्दों में"],[58,"(a) What are the potential administrative and ethical dilemmas you face?\n(b) Discuss all options available to you.\n(c) What comprehensive course of action would you choose to adopt, providing ethical justification for your decision? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"]]},{"i":393,"t":"Harsh S","c":"Forumias","p":"Essay","y":2025,"r":299,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/HARSHDEEP-SAGARUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-299-Sample-ESSAY-COPY-1.pdf","q":[[3,"SECTION - A\n\n1. We cannot solve our problems with the same thinking we used when we created them.\n\n2. The civilisation that doesn't adopt modern technologies becomes extinct.\n\n3. Data without wisdom and innovation without ethics are dangerous tools.\n\n4. The doubter is a true man of science.","",""],[17,"1. The empires of the future will be the empires of the mind.\n2. Responsibility is the invisible thread that holds freedom together.\n3. You may not be able to do everything, but do something.\n4. Behavior is the mirror in which everyone shows their image.","",""]]},{"i":394,"t":"Harsh S","c":"Forumias","p":"Essay","y":2025,"r":299,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/HARSHDEEP-SAGARUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-299-Sample-ESSAY-COPY-2.pdf","q":[[3,"1. The glass ceiling is not invisible, it is just too high for many to see.\n2. Social justice is not charity, it is structural rebalancing.\n3. A nation's greatness is measured by how it treats its weakest members, and that includes its children.\n4. When we speak of 'Inclusive India', we must ask: Inclusive for whom?","",""],[4,"WHEN WE SPEAK OF INCLUSIVE INDIA, WE MUST ASK- INCLUSIVE FOR WHOM?","",""],[16,"1. Behavior is a function of its consequences.\n2. The age of smart devices and the decline of wise choices.\n3. Judge a man by his question, rather than his answer.\n4. Knowledge without compassion is tyranny of the intellect.","",""]]},{"i":395,"t":"Harsh S","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2025,"r":299,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/HARSHDEEP-SAGARUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-299-Sample-MGP-COPY-2.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) To what extent, in your opinion, have the ideals of the Preamble been realised in the country’s 75-year constitutional journey?","10","150"],[4,"Q.7 \"India’s poverty lies in the eyes of the beholder.\" In light of this statement, examine the need for a credible and periodically updated poverty estimation framework in the country.","10","150"],[5,"Q.13 'The post of Deputy Speaker goes beyond ceremonial significance and is indispensable to Indian parliamentary democracy.' Discuss with relevant constitutional provisions and conventions. Also, examine the implications of the prolonged vacancy of the Deputy Speaker's post.","15","250"],[6,"Q.19 Examine the factors behind the growing salience of the Arctic region in international politics. Discuss, in this context, strategies for India to recalibrate its Arctic engagement.","15","250"]]},{"i":396,"t":"Harshdeep Sagar","c":"Forumias","p":"GS1","y":2025,"r":299,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/HARSHDEEP-SAGARUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-299-Sample-MGP-COPY-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) \"India’s democratic roots are deeply embedded in its ancient civilizational ethos.\" Discuss in the context of India being referred to as the ‘Mother of Democracy’.","10","150"],[4,"Q.8 The alienation of modern lifestyles from nature has contributed to the ongoing environmental crisis in India. Examine.","10","150"],[5,"Q.16 Bring out the major features of the Indian monsoon and elaborate upon its causative factors.","15","250"]]},{"i":397,"t":"Harshvardhan Ashok Tidke","c":"Forumias","p":"GS3","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/TIDKE-HARSHVARDHAN-ASHOKUPSC_IAS_2025_Toppers_AIR_355_Sample_MGP_COPY_1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) What factors have expedited the digitalization of the economy in the recent past? Explain with suitable examples.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Why has there been an increased focus on negotiating, renegotiating and concluding Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) by India in recent years?","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) The horticulture sector offers opportunities to transform the agricultural landscape of the country but is constrained by various factors. Elaborate.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) What is AgriStack? How will it benefit the agricultural sector?","10","150"],[11,"2.5) Explain the concept of Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) technology and discuss its potential applications in diverse fields.","10","150"],[13,"6) What do you understand by nanotechnology and how is it helping in environmental remediation?","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) While oceans are considered among mankind's best allies in the fight against climate change, they are themselves heavily impacted by the same. Discuss.","10","150"],[17,"Q8 \"Disasters cannot be managed by a single agency, department, or ministry on its own. It requires a whole-of-government and whole-of-society approach.\" Elucidate.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9 'Grey-zone' warfare challenges traditional notions of sovereignty and conflict. Examine.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10 Elaborate on the need for a clearly articulated National Security Strategy (NSS) for systematic, consistent and coherent approach towards national security.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11) The proliferation of Global Capability Centers (GCCs) across India has earned it the title of \"GCC Capital of the World\". Describe the reasons behind this proliferation and throw light on its impact on the country's economic landscape.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12) As the Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY) completes a decade of its implementation, evaluate its effectiveness in promoting financial inclusion and economic empowerment in the country.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13) Critically examine the role of Primary Agricultural Credit Societies (PACs) in achieving the twin targets of boosting rural economy and mainstreaming small and marginal farmers.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 How will you explain the irony of low millet cultivation and consumption despite their multifarious benefits? Also, suggest measures to curb this anomaly.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15) \"India's Space Technology is virtually touching every person's life\". In light of this statement, describe how advancements in space technology have impacted various aspects of daily life in the country.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16) How can 'agrivoltaics' benefit India's agriculture and energy sectors? Highlighting the factors hindering its widespread adoption, suggest remedial measures.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 Project Tiger's 50-year journey is marked by significant achievements, yet persistent socio-economic and ecological challenges related to tiger conservation highlight the need for a more holistic and integrated approach. Discuss.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 Explain the various causes and the effects of landslides. Also, discuss the measures to mitigate their impact, with a special emphasis on National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) guidelines.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19) Ethnic fault lines represent a serious security challenge, but they are only one aspect of the broader security concerns in the Northeast. Analyse.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 Maritime security challenges are complex, driven by both conventional and non-conventional threats. In this context, discuss the key maritime security challenges in India. Also, highlight the measures taken by the government in this regard.","15","250"]]},{"i":398,"t":"Harshvardhan Ashok Tidke","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/TIDKE-HARSHVARDHAN-ASHOKUPSC_IAS_2025_Toppers_AIR_355_Sample_MGP_COPY_2.pdf","q":[[2,"Q.1) a) The increasing use of digital surveillance technologies for maintaining law and order is a debatable issue. Critically examine the statement from the ethical point of view.","10","150"],[4,"b) \"An individual's values are shaped by various institutions like family, society, and educational establishments\". Discuss with examples.","10","150"],[6,"Q.2) a) While scientific research drives technological progress and societal development, its funding often raises ethical questions. What ethical concerns arise from corporate sponsorship of scientific research, and how can these be addressed?","10","150"],[8,"b) Integrity involves standing up for what you believe is right, even in the face of adversity. Illustrate with examples.","10","150"],[10,"Q.3) Given below are three quotations of great thinkers. What do each of these quotations convey to you in the present context?\na) \"The greatest glory in living lies not in never failing, but in rising every time we fail.\" - Nelson Mandela","10","150"],[12,"b) Where do the evils like corruption arise from? It comes from the never-ending greed. The fight for corruption-free ethical society will have to be fought against this greed and replace it with 'what can I give' spirit.\" - A.P.J. Abdul Kalam","10","150"],[14,"c) \"The world will not be destroyed by those who do evil, but by those who watch them without doing anything.\" - Albert Einstein.","10","150"],[16,"Q.4) a) In the ever-evolving landscape of academic institutions, administrators must not only manage academic issues but also emotional and interpersonal dynamics. In this context, discuss the significance of emotionally intelligent administrators in higher education.","10","150"],[18,"b) \"The Right to Information Act not only empowers citizens but also fundamentally transforms the concept of accountability.\" Discuss.","10","150"],[20,"Q. 0.5) a) The onset of modernity has altered our traditional bond with nature. In what ways can a shift in 'environmental attitude' help resolve sustainability challenges?","10","150"],[22,"b) While empathy is considered a vital human value, an intricate relationship exists between empathy and objectivity. Discuss with suitable illustrations.","10","150"],[24,"Q.6) a) Space exploration has the potential to benefit all of humanity, yet it is currently dominated by a few powerful nations and private corporations. In this context, discuss the ethical issues arising from this imbalance in control and access to space resources.","10","150"],[26,"b) \"The growing reach and influence of social media present both opportunities and challenges for ethical governance.\" Examine the statement with suitable examples.","10","150"],[28,"Q.7) You are the District Magistrate in a region characterized by strong adherence to traditional social norms. While there has been significant legal progress in terms of recognizing the rights of the LGBTQIA+ community, including the decriminalization of Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code, societal acceptance of this community remains limited. A group of LGBTQIA+ activists recently approached your office, seeking permission to organize a public awareness campaign aimed at promoting acceptance and understanding of gender diversity. The campaign would involve several activities, including seminars in educational institutions to raise awareness about the rights and challenges faced by the LGBTQIA+ community, a Pride march to celebrate diversity, and the distribution of educational material to promote better understanding of gender identity and sexual orientation. The activists argue that their campaign is in line with the legal developments and human rights frameworks endorsed by the Indian Constitution, and they believe such efforts are essential to promote inclusivity. This initiative is also a way to address stigma and discrimination, fostering a more inclusive environment for the LGBTQIA+ community, which has long been marginalized in society. However, significant opposition to this initiative has emerged, particularly from local religious and community leaders. These leaders argue that such a campaign challenges the deeply rooted cultural and religious values of the region. They fear that openly promoting LGBTQIA+ rights and gender diversity might encourage practices that they believe contradict their traditional beliefs. Some leaders even warned that the campaign could lead to unrest, disrupt social harmony, and provoke protests within the district. The arguments put forth by the opponents of the campaign are grounded in their belief that the recognition and celebration of LGBTQIA+ rights could have a destabilizing effect on the social cohesion of the community. Many of them hold conservative views about gender roles and sexuality, considering the campaign as an affront to their customs and ethos. These concerns are widespread among older generations, and religious bodies fear that such activities could influence younger minds and lead to cultural erosion. On the other hand, a younger and more progressive section of the community has expressed strong support for the initiative. They argue that embracing diversity and promoting equality is essential for a modern and inclusive society. This group believes that public campaigns, such as the one proposed, are crucial for educating the masses and eliminating prejudices. They see the campaign as a positive step toward equality and acceptance, aligned with the constitutional values of non-discrimination and equal rights.\na. What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by you?\nb. Evaluate the options available to you, being District Magistrate of the area.\nc. How would you manage and mold the attitudes of conservative groups to ensure harmony in the district while promoting acceptance of the LGBTQIA+ community?","20","20"],[29,"a. इस परिस्थिति में आपके सामने कौन सी नैतिक दुविधाएँ हैं?  \nb. क्षेत्र के जिला मजिस्ट्रेट होने के नाते आप अपने पास उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन करें।\na. इस परिस्थिति में आपके सामने कौन सी नैतिक दुविधाएँ हैं?\nb. क्षेत्र के जिला मजिस्ट्रेट होने के नाते आप अपने पास उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन करें।","",""],[33,"Q.8) Arijit, a recent graduate from a top marketing institute, has joined a prominent multinational corporation (MNC) in the \"personal care and wellness\" sector. The MNC is globally known for its commitment to eco-friendly, natural, and sustainable products, which was a major reason for Arijit being drawn to the job. He sees this as a chance to work on campaigns that promote health-conscious and environmentally sustainable choices worldwide.\nArijit enjoys the organization's work culture and the nature of his new job. Within just a month, his creativity and fresh approach have earned him praise from his manager. Soon, he is assigned a high-stakes project to design an international campaign for the MNC's new skincare product—a role typically reserved for more experienced team members. Excited, Arijit begins researching for the campaign but soon discovers an uncomfortable truth. Despite its \"100% natural\" branding, the product contains a significant percentage of synthetic ingredients, some of which are known to harm the environment and may also pose risks to human health. Arijit feels this contradicts the brand's supposed commitment to environmental and health standards.\nWhen Arijit raises these concerns, his manager rebukes him and sternly instructs him to follow the company's approved messaging. The manager emphasizes that the product meets all regulatory standards and that similar claims are widely used by other competitors in the market. Arijit is told to focus on his marketing responsibilities and avoid scrutinizing the product's formulation. However, he still feels this is a manipulative practice that could mislead environmentally and health-conscious consumers into believing they are choosing a completely natural product.\nArijit worries that pressing the issue further could harm his career prospects, especially since he is still on probation. As the sole breadwinner with a large education loan to repay, he can't afford to lose his job. He tries to reason that this might simply be \"how business is done\" and considers dropping the matter. However, his conscience continues to urge him to take action.\na. Analyze the conduct of the MNC from an ethical point of view.\nb. What are the options available to Arijit under the given situation? Evaluate each of the options and suggest the best course of action.","20","250"],[38,"Q.9) The Upper Brahmaputra Hydropower Project (UBHP) is proposed on a river in a northeastern state of India, a recognized biodiversity hotspot. Covered in dense forests, this region harbors a rich diversity of flora and fauna, including numerous endemic species. Although sparsely populated, the region's communities have livelihoods and cultural practices deeply intertwined with the natural landscape. Its ecological wealth has been preserved over the years due to its environmental significance and cultural heritage. Additionally, the Upper Brahmaputra basin holds immense strategic importance due to its proximity to international borders, offering potential leverage in regional security and resource management.\nThe UBHP aims to harness the river's energy for economic growth, proposing infrastructure that includes an 11,000 MW \"mega dam,\" power stations, and transmission lines that could transform the state into a renewable energy hub. Proponents argue that the project will boost the state's economy through power generation, employment, and enhanced infrastructure while also helping meet the country's clean energy targets.\nHowever, a local NGO has raised concerns about the ecological and social costs of UBHP. The project would require extensive forest clearance, which plays a crucial role in carbon sequestration. Additionally, experts warn that construction activities could disturb the region's delicate ecosystems. This may affect riverine biodiversity, and increase the risk of soil erosion and sedimentation, with potential downstream effects on agriculture and water quality. Another major issue raised is the potential displacement and cultural impact on local communities. This could threaten their subsistence-based livelihoods and disrupt their way of life. Critics also highlight that the project may contradict India's commitments to sustainable development.\nDespite these concerns, supporters of the project argue that UBHP's strategic importance and clean energy potential cannot be ignored. Moreover, they emphasize the project's strategic location, which would strengthen energy security, reduce regional inequalities, and contribute to the country's long-term development goals. They argue that amidst rising energy demands, the country cannot afford to forgo such an opportunity, especially given the presence of hydroelectric projects across borders that could shift regional control over water resources.\na. What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\nb. In your opinion, which should take priority between development and conservation, and why?","20","20"],[39,"a. उपयुक्त परिस्थितियों में शामिल नीतिगत मुद्दों का वर्णन कीजिए?\nb. आपकी राय में विकास और संरक्षण में से किसे प्राथमिकता दी जानी चाहिए और क्यों?","20 अंक","250 शब्द"],[43,"Q.10) You are the Operations Manager at a fast-growing technology startup, NexGen Solutions, known for its innovative projects and timely delivery. The startup's environment is fast-paced, with tight deadlines and high expectations from clients and investors. Your current project, creating a cutting-edge AI based application, is critical for securing upcoming funding and partnerships. Your small, capable team includes four software developers and two project coordinators, with an equal number of men and women.\nRecently, the team has encountered major challenges. Priya, one of the female developers, has requested leave to care for her ailing mother. Meanwhile, another team member, Ayesha, is struggling to manage her workload along with caring for her infant child. As a result, other team members have taken on extra tasks, impacting their work-life balance and causing heightened stress. With the project deadline looming, tensions in the team have become visible. During a crucial project meeting, Karan, a senior developer, voices his frustration, saying, \"Perhaps it's not ideal to have team members who can't fully commit during critical stages.\"\nKaran's remark triggers an immediate reaction. Neha, a project coordinator, finds his comment offensive and reports it to the Human Resources (HR) Department. She also hints that she might bring the issue to social media, which could harm the startup's image. The HR Department, located at the company's headquarters, investigates and recommends disciplinary action against Karan, emphasizing the importance of a respectful, inclusive workplace. Their recommendation puts you in a difficult situation. The project is already delayed, and losing a senior developer like Karan could jeopardize its timely completion.\nYou are now faced with a complex dilemma. On one hand, it's vital to address the inappropriate comment and ensure a respectful work culture. On the other hand, you must keep the project on track without further demotivating your team.\na) Discuss the ethical issues involved in this case.\nb) As the Operations Manager, how would you deal with the given situation?\nc) Based on the case study, discuss the challenges faced by women at workplace. How can such challenges be addressed?","20","250"],[48,"Q.11 With stubble burning leading to rising pollution levels, the district is facing severe air quality deterioration, affecting both public health and environmental sustainability. The District Collector is mobilizing his team to implement measures to control stubble burning in an effort to check the rising pollution levels. Along with an awareness campaign on the hazards of stubble burning, strict measures are being taken to prevent farmers from setting fire to crop residue. Vigilance teams are being deployed to monitor rural areas and catch farmers engaging in this practice. This action is agitating the farmers. A delegation of farmers meets with the District Collector to voice their concerns, alleging that while they are being penalized, industries in the region contribute far more to air pollution yet face no such restrictions. However, a recent study commissioned by the state government highlighted that industrial sources are not the major contributors to air pollution in the district while stubble burning is. On the contrary, farmers claim that the administration is biased, favoring industrial interests over agricultural needs. They also allege that the administration is corrupt and is being bribed by industries to overlook the significant pollution they cause. The administration needs to resolve the farmers' grievances, as they are threatening to go on a prolonged protest. At the same time, it must also address the issue of deteriorating air quality.\na What are the ethical dilemmas for the District Collector?\nb Identify and evaluate the options available to the District Collector.\nc What steps can be taken to address the stakeholders' interests in a mutually compatible way?","20","250"],[51,"1 Explain farm leadership regarding harms of pollution, take them for a trip in nearby city and show them its effects.\n2 Make sure farmers and industry leaders are both involved in pollution report making process to ensure credibility.\n3 Offer incentives to farmers (crop diversification, location subsidy, PUSA 40 variety, leaf stubble, tree fertilizer, pellet mixture).","",""],[53,"Q.12) Arushi is a young IPS officer known for her competence, integrity, and relentless dedication to challenging tasks. Recognizing her excellent track record, her superiors have chosen her to handle a sensitive assignment in a tribal-dominated district notorious for illegal bauxite mining. Here, the mafia mines bauxite from mineral-rich lands, transports it by truck, and sells it on the black market. This illegal operation thrives with the support of certain local officials and tribal musclemen who intimidate the local population and bribe select poor tribals to maintain control and silence.\nUpon assuming the new role, Arushi quickly grasps the ground realities and identifies the mafia's modus operandi, characterized by a series of devious tactics. Her inquiries reveal that several employees in her office are colluding with the mafia, forming an unholy nexus that enables these illegal operations. Determined to dismantle this network, she initiates strict actions, including raids on trucks transporting illegally mined bauxite. These actions significantly disrupt the mafia's operations, unsettling criminals unaccustomed to such resistance. Some office employees allegedly allied with the mafia inform the criminals of her determination to dismantle their operations, posing a serious threat to their profits. In response, the mafia adopts a counter-offensive strategy. Tribal strongmen and mafia operatives begin issuing direct threats to her, warning of severe consequences if the raids continue. Her family (husband and elderly mother) are stalked and placed under virtual surveillance, causing mental anguish and stress for them all. Matters assume serious propositions when a muscleman appears in her office and threatens that if she does not halt raids, etc., she will suffer the same fate as a predecessor officer who was killed by the mafia a decade earlier.\na. Discuss the ethical issues involved in this case.\nb. Identify and evaluate the different options available to Arushi under the given situation.\nc. Which option would she adopt and why?","20","250"]]},{"i":399,"t":"Harshvardhan Ashok Tidke","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/TIDKE-HARSHVARDHAN-ASHOKUPSC_IAS_2025_Toppers_AIR_355_Sample_MGP_COPY_3.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) What do you understand by value conflict? Give an example from your personal life where you faced a conflict between two values. How did you resolve it?","10","150"],[5,"b) The philanthropy of influential personalities can serve as a catalyst for fostering ethical conduct and responsibility in society. Explain with the help of examples.","10","150"],[7,"Q.2) a) How does persuasion help achieve a desired change in attitude? What are the elements of an effective persuasive approach?","10","150"],[9,"b) \"In an increasingly complex world, emotional intelligence is a vital skill for civil servants, enabling them to navigate challenges, engage with diverse communities, and drive positive change.\" Elaborate.","10","150"],[11,"Q.3) What do the following quotes mean to you:\na) \"To worship my country as a God is to bring curse upon it.\" Rabindranath Tagore","10","150"],[13,"b) \"Your goodness is an impediment in your way, so let your eyes be red with anger, and try to fight the injustice with a firm hand.\" - Sardar Patel","10","150"],[15,"Q4 You are a young and sincere employee who has recently joined a government office as an assistant to the director of your department. Being new to the workplace, you are eager to learn and grow in your role. Your superior, the director, is an experienced and intelligent person with extensive knowledge of various departments. You respect him not just for his professional skills but also for his willingness to guide and mentor you. You have built a good rapport with him and appreciate the chance to learn from such an accomplished individual.\nAs your relationship with your boss grows, he begins to rely on you more for work-related tasks. One day, due to ill health, he invites you to his home to help with some urgent work. When you reach his house and are about to ring the doorbell, you hear shouting from inside. Unsure of what to do, you pause for a moment but then decide to enter. Your boss greets you warmly and explains the work, but throughout, you are distracted by the sound of a woman crying in the background.\nInitially, you hesitate to ask about the situation, but your concern grows. Finally, you ask your boss about the noise, but his answer is vague and unsatisfactory. He quickly dismisses the matter. Although you finish the work, the unsettling environment leaves you feeling uneasy.\nThe next day, you discreetly inquire at the office and learn more about the situation. You discover that, despite your boss's calm and professional demeanour at work, he is abusive toward his wife at home. His wife is a simple woman, not highly educated, and suffers from regular domestic violence. This information shocks you, as it conflicts with the positive image you had of him based on your interactions at work.\nThis knowledge puts you in a difficult moral dilemma. On one hand, you respect your boss for his guidance, intelligence, and professionalism. On the other hand, you are aware of his unethical behaviour at home, which violates basic human rights and ethical principles. You struggle to reconcile the two sides of his character, finding it hard to balance your professional relationship with the awareness of his abusive actions at home.\na) Under the given conditions, what are the options available to you? Evaluate each of the options listed by you.\nb) What course of action would you adopt and why?","20","250"],[20,"Q.5 In a southern Indian state, a globally renowned high end mobile manufacturing company advertised job vacancies, attracting many hopeful applicants. Among them were two sisters from a nearby village who applied after seeing advertisements on WhatsApp. Upon arrival at the factory's main gate, a security guard met them and asked a series of questions, including an inquiry about their marital status. After confirming that they were married, they were informed that they could not proceed further. No explanation was provided, leaving them confused and disappointed. Back in their village, the sisters reflected on their experience and felt dismayed at being denied an opportunity without a clear reason. Even the auto-rickshaw driver who took them to the facility had hinted that married women might not be hired, yet they still hoped for a fair chance. Subsequent investigations by a prominent international news agency revealed a pattern at the manufacturing facility where married women were systematically excluded from employment opportunities. This practice was not officially documented but was communicated verbally to recruitment agencies responsible for hiring. The revelations sparked significant media uproar, drawing public attention to the issue. The Union Labour Ministry also took cognizance of the situation and sought a report from the state government regarding these discriminatory hiring practices. Unfortunately, such discriminatory practices are not uncommon in various parts of the world, reflecting broader issues of gender attitudes that persist in many societies.\na. Discuss the ethical issues involved in the case study.\nb. What can be the underlying reasons for discriminatory attitudes toward hiring married women by the company?\nc. How can organizations promote gender equity in their hiring practices?","20","250"],[24,"Q.6) Ramesh has been appointed as the Municipal Commissioner of a coastal city that is grappling with the recurring problem of flooding. Over the years, these floods have led to significant loss of life and extensive property damage, raising serious concerns among residents and policymakers alike. In response to this persistent challenge, Ramesh is committed to finding effective solutions. To identify and address the root causes of the flooding, he established an expert committee tasked with analyzing the situation comprehensively and proposing actionable recommendations. Following extensive and thorough field surveys, the committee identified two primary factors contributing to the city's increasing vulnerability to floods. The first factor is the degradation of wetlands, which serve as critical natural buffers against flooding and play a vital role in maintaining the ecological balance. The second factor is the illegal encroachments on the flood plains of seasonal streams. These encroachments have significantly reduced the streams' ability to carry water, increasing the risk of flooding. In light of these findings, the committee proposed two major interventions: the restoration of wetlands and the removal of unauthorized encroachments on the flood plains. These actions are aimed at effectively restoring the city's natural drainage system and mitigating future flood risks. Ramesh recognizes the necessity of implementing these measures to ensure the city's long-term safety and resilience against flooding. However, he is also aware of the potential human cost associated with these interventions. The illegal structures in question are inhabited by marginalized migrant laborers, and their removal would render many families homeless, significantly impacting their livelihoods. Despite his personal reservations regarding the social implications of these actions, Ramesh feels compelled to proceed with the committee's recommendations, as he believes they are essential for preventing future disasters. Subsequently, the operation to remove encroachments was launched with the deployment of a police force to ensure safety and order throughout the process. As the clearance of encroachments commenced, the affected residents expressed their opposition vigorously. Protests escalated into violent confrontations, resulting in assaults on officers and vandalism of government vehicles. The situation quickly deteriorated. When the police attempted to disperse the crowd, a stampede ensued. Tragically, this chaos resulted in the deaths of two elderly men. As the in-charge of the situation, Ramesh feels that these lives could have been saved if he had acted differently.\na. Identify the various value conflicts faced by Ramesh in his role as Municipal Commissioner.\nb. Analyze the decision to remove unauthorized encroachments on the flood plains from an ethical perspective.\nc. If you were in Ramesh's position and in charge of the situation, how would you have approached the challenges presented by the encroachment clearance and the resulting protests?","25","250"],[25,"a. नगर आयुक्त के रूप में रमेश द्वारा सामना किए गए विभिन्न मूल्य संघर्षों की पहचान करें।\nb. बाढ़ के मैदानों पर अनधिकृत अतिक्रमण हटाने के निर्णय का नैतिक दृष्टिकोण से विश्लेषण करें।\nc. यदि आप रमेश की स्थिति में होते और स्थिति के प्रभारी होते, तो अतिक्रमण हटाने और उसके परिणामस्वरूप होने वाले विरोध प्रदर्शनों से उत्पन्न चुनौतियों का आप किस प्रकार सामना करते?\na नगर आयुक्त के रूप में रमेश द्वारा सामना किए गए विभिन्न मूल्य संघर्षों की पहचान करें।\nb बाढ़ के मैदानों पर अनधिकृत अतिक्रमण हटाने के निर्णय का नैतिक दृष्टिकोण से विश्लेषण करें।\nc यदि आप रमेश की स्थिति में होते और स्थिति के प्रभारी होते, तो अतिक्रमण हटाने और उसके परिणामस्वरूप होने वाले विरोध प्रदर्शनों से उत्पन्न चुनौतियों का आप किस प्रकार सामना करते?","20 अंक","20 अंक"]]},{"i":400,"t":"Hassan Khan","c":"Forumias","p":"Essay","y":2025,"r":95,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/HASSAN-KHAN-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-95-Sample-ESSAY-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"1. True leadership lies in serving not ruling.\n2. Democracy is not just the right to vote, it is the right to live in dignity.\n3. Growing regional aspirations and demand for greater autonomy: A challenge to Indian federalism.\n4. The ballot is stronger than the bullet.","",""],[16,"1. The great aim of education is not knowledge but action.\n2. The global south must redefine development through cooperation and justice.\n3. There is no health without mental health.\n4. If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich.","",""]]},{"i":401,"t":"Hassan Khay","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2025,"r":95,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/HASSAN-KHAN-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-95-Sample-MGP-Copy-2.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1 \"India's democratic roots are deeply embedded in its ancient civilizational ethos.\" Discuss in the context of India being referred to as the 'Mother of Democracy'.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Elucidate the significance of tiger and elephant figures in Indian mythology, art and architecture.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) The arrival of Lord William Bentinck marked a period of transformation in the British Indian State. Discuss.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4 Explain how the American War of Independence deprived Great Britain of one empire, but it strengthened the foundations of another.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5 What are Rare Earth Elements (REEs)? Discuss the multi-dimensional implications of uneven distribution of REEs in the world.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) Highlight the salient differences between the Himalayan and the Peninsular drainage Systems.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) Describe the nature and mode of origin of the main types of rock at the earth's crust.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8 The alienation of modern lifestyles from nature has contributed to the ongoing environmental crisis in India. Examine.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9 What do you understand by the term 'urbanisation of poverty'? Also, explain how urban poverty differs from rural poverty in India?","10","150"],[21,"Q.10 Globalization has redefined the idea of community and kinship in Indian society. Do you agree? Justify your answer.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11 The flourishing of various art forms during the Kushana period reflects the rich and diverse cultural landscape of the time. What insights does this provide into the socio-cultural aspects of that era?","15","250"],[26,"Q.12) Trace the events that led to the Civil Disobedience Movement. What were its outcomes?","15","250"],[29,"Q.13) Mahatma Jyotirao Phule's reformist ideas played a significant role in shaping the social foundations of the Indian freedom movement. Elaborate.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 The interlinking of rivers offers several benefits, but also raises significant socio-economic and environmental concerns. Analyze.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 Explain the concept of rain shadow effect. How does it influence the distribution of precipitation and vegetation across mountain ranges?","15","250"],[38,"Q.16 Bring out the major features of the Indian monsoon and elaborate upon its causative factors.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 What are the geographical factors responsible for the growth of mangrove vegetation in India? Also highlight its role in coastal ecology.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 To what extent can the rise of 'Kidfluencers' be seen as a reflection of changing family structures and parental aspirations in Indian society?","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 Women often form the backbone of grassroots movements in India, yet they remain largely invisible and excluded from the decision-making process. Examine.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 Do you agree with the view that social media is a 'double edged sword'? Discuss in the context of its impact on Indian society.","15","250"]]},{"i":402,"t":"Hrishikesh Alase","c":"Forumias","p":"GS1","y":2025,"r":61,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/ALASE-HRISHIKESH-RAJENDRA-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-61-Sample-MGP-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) \"Bhagavad Gita and Natyashastra are not merely texts; they exemplify the timeless wisdom, richness and diversity of Indian knowledge traditions.\" Elaborate.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) The Harappan civilization was a \"technological powerhouse\" that laid the foundation for sophisticated urban living in ancient South Asia. In light of this statement, discuss the key technological breakthroughs and contributions of this Bronze Age culture.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) Why is the First World War considered as the first 'total' war in modern history?","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) Highlight the differences in the approach of Bhagat Singh and Mahatma Gandhi in the struggle for freedom.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) Briefly explain the processes through which the earth-atmosphere system maintains heat balance.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) What characteristics of the monsoon climate play a crucial role in sustaining agriculture in Monsoon Asia?","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) Account for the factors influencing the location of semiconductor industries across the world.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) Unemployment is not just an economic challenge, but a social one with far-reaching consequences. In this context, discuss the social impact of unemployment in the country.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9) Globalization has facilitated the influx of global brands and multinational corporations into the Indian market, significantly altering the consumer behaviour. Do you agree? Justify your answer.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10 Discuss how social media is reshaping identity formation and self-worth among adolescents in contemporary Indian society.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11) The fusion of Islamic architectural styles with indigenous Indian traditions played a key role in the evolution of Indo-Islamic architecture in the country. Discuss with examples.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12 'Emergency' is one of the most controversial and widely debated events in Indian politics. How far do you agree with the view that it was imposed to fulfil individual political goals rather than serve national interests? Also, discuss the short-term and long-term impacts of the Emergency.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13) What are 'atmospheric rivers'? How do they influence global weather patterns and impact human settlements?","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 Despite sharing a similar latitude, why does the Mediterranean climate vary from the China-type climate? How do the differences in climate affect life and economic activities in the region?","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 \"The tropical Indian Ocean is likely to be in a near-permanent heatwave state.\" Discuss the factors responsible for the rapid warming of the Indian Ocean along with its multi-dimensional impacts.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16 How can the demographic transition in the southern states, marked by low fertility rates and an aging population, impact the region's economic growth and social welfare policies?","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 Incidence of extreme rainfall events and flash floods in recent times has led to devastating consequences for major cities of India. Analyse.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 \"Air pollution is as much an issue of equity and justice as it is an environmental one.\" Elaborate with examples.","15","250"],[46,"6 Tropical and SIDS countries have longer stake in air pollution justice due to longer consequences","",""],[47,"Q.19 Analyze the socio-cultural factors contributing to the high attrition rate among women in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) careers in India. Suggest measures to improve their retention in STEM.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 \"Caste census is relevant and necessary for any well-designed policy to reduce social inequality\". Comment.","15","250"]]},{"i":406,"t":"Hrishikesh Alase","c":"Vision","p":"GS1","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/6770b-874484_2211_alase_hrishikesh_rajendra_rank_61.pdf","q":[[3,"1. The Cholas are inextricably linked with the zenith of Dravidian art and architecture. Comment.","10","150"],[5,"2. Among the major legacies of the Indian freedom movement, civil liberties formed an important one. Analyse.","10","150"],[7,"3. The Berlin Conference of 1884-85 in many ways set the ground for the scramble in Africa. Elucidate.","10","150"],[9,"4. What is a cloudburst and what are its effects? Why are they more frequent in the Himalayan region?","10","150"],[11,"5. Despite its potential, there are several challenges in the implementation of the Ken-Betwa Link Project. Discuss.","10","150"],[13,"6. Identify the issues related to production and supply of coal in India. How can these issues be addressed?","10","150"],[15,"7. Present the geographical distribution of agro-based industries in India and discuss the challenges faced by them.","10","150"],[17,"8. The caste system continues to be one of the key drivers of poverty and inequality in India. Discuss.","10","150"],[19,"9. Discuss the issues faced by domestic workers in India. Also suggest measures that can be taken to empower them.","10","150"],[21,"10. Given the deeply gendered impact of population control measures, examine the need to rethink the current approach of population control measures in India.","10","150"],[23,"11. Examine the impact of the Sramana tradition on the Vedic religion and its relation with the emergence of Jainism, Buddhism and Ajivika sects.","15","250"],[26,"12. Shed light on the use of symbols and symbolic language by Mahatma Gandhi for both, integrating masses into the National Movement and against social evils.","15","250"],[27,"4. Use of 'Charkha' to show the importance of rural industries & economy.\n5. Demands (1) text he made to lord lomin during disobedience movement encompassed the needs of each Indian class from industrialists to labourers.\n6. Use of Salt as symbol for satyagraha due to its everyday use, high tariff and easy manufacturing.","",""],[29,"13. Giving a brief overview of the three Carnatic Wars, discuss the factors that led to the success of the British against the French in the struggle for control over India.","15","250"],[32,"14. Provide an account of the issues that led to a crisis in Punjab in the 1980s. Also, discuss the roadmap to peace that was eventually adopted.","15","250"],[35,"15. Give a brief account of the distribution of installed capacity of solar power in India. Highlighting the challenges in proper utilisation of solar energy, mention the steps taken by the government to promote it in India.","15","250"],[38,"16. Post-drift theories based on ocean floor mapping provided new dimensions to the study of distribution of oceans and continents. Elaborate.","15","250"],[41,"17. Explain the phenomenon of heat waves. Also, enumerate the conditions favourable for the development of heat waves in India and their associated health impacts.","15","250"],[44,"18. Providing an account of distribution of rainforests across the world, mention their key characteristics. Also highlight the threats that are being faced by tropical rainforests.","15","250"],[47,"19. Indian cities are not only mimicking the social and cultural structures of inequality and exclusion found in rural areas but are also creating fault lines for future conflicts. Discuss.","15","250"],[50,"20. Examine the multi-dimensional impact of globalisation on tribal development in India.","15","250"]]},{"i":403,"t":"Hrishikesh Alase","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2025,"r":61,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/ALASE-HRISHIKESH-RAJENDRA-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-61-Sample-MGP-Copy-2.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) Examine the scope and significance of the Supreme Court's advisory jurisdiction under Article 143 of the Constitution.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) What is delimitation, and why is it important? What challenges are associated with the delimitation exercise in India?","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) How has asymmetric federalism helped India accommodate its diverse regional needs? Discuss with suitable examples.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) Explain how the terms 'socialist' and 'secular' in the Preamble embody specific meanings in the Indian context.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5 The role of State Finance Commissions in building regional equity and strengthening the federal link has largely been underutilized. Discuss.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) How far do you think has the National Commission for Protection of Child Rights (NCPCR) been successful in protecting and promoting child rights in India?","10","150"],[15,"Q.7 Outline the salient features of New Education Policy (NEP) 2020 related to school education. What does it state about the medium of instruction in schools?","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) Throw light on the legal frameworks that are in place to ensure women's safety in India. What further steps are needed to enhance their safety and well-being?","10","150"],[19,"Q.9 \"A multipolar world order is not merely an option but a necessity\". Elaborate. How can India leverage its position to strengthen multipolarity in the global arena?","10","150"],[21,"Q.10 \"ASEAN is the cornerstone of India's Act East Policy and its Indo-Pacific vision.\" Elucidate.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11 Discuss the various administrative challenges faced by local self-governments (LSGs). What measures do you suggest for devolving administrative powers to LSGs, enabling them to function as institutions of genuine self-governance?","15","250"],[26,"Q.12) In light of recent developments, the Collegium system and the Supreme Court's decision to strike down the National Judicial Appointments Commission (NJAC) Act, 2014 have once again come under scrutiny. Do you think that a NJAC-like body can make judicial appointments more transparent, broad-based, and accountable? Justify your answer.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13) Differentiate between the clemency powers of the Presidents of India and the USA. Also, critically examine the vesting of clemency power in the executive.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14) What constitutes corrupt practices under the Representation of the People Act, 1951? Also, discuss the challenges in curbing such malpractices and suggest remedial measures.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 Discuss the role of the Vice-President as the Chairman of the Rajya Sabha. Also describe the procedure for his/her removal from office.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16 \"Universal Basic Income (UBI) is a viable solution to eradicate extreme poverty in India.\" Critically discuss the statement.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 What are the key determinants of malnutrition among under-five children in the country? Also, elaborate on the role of nutrition-specific and nutrition-sensitive interventions in addressing this issue.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 \"Data is the raw material of Artificial Intelligence.\" In this context, discuss the need for transparent and accountable data governance frameworks in India. What steps has the government taken in this regard?","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 Critically examine the role of International Monetary Fund (IMF) in addressing debt distress in the Global South. How can India use its post-G20 presidency momentum to push IMF reforms?","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 \"In a fluid geopolitical arena, engagement without formal endorsement is a pragmatic middle path.\" Do you agree? Explain in the context of India's current approach towards the Taliban regime in Afghanistan.","15","250"]]},{"i":404,"t":"Hrishikesh Alase","c":"Vision","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/82e29-874484_1512_alase_hrishikesh_rajendra_rank_61.pdf","q":[[3,"1. (a) Persuasion plays an important role in public administration. Discuss. Also highlight the various elements of effective persuasion.","10","150"],[5,"1. (b) \"Never do anything against the conscience even if the state demands it.\" In this context, discuss the role of conscience in taking ethical decisions in administration.","10","150"],[7,"2. (a) Raja Ram Mohan Roy's liberal views on social and religious issues have much relevance in present day India. Discuss.","10","150"],[9,"2. (b) The moral circle of humanity has been expanding constantly over time. Discuss in this context whether non-human entities should have the same rights as humans beings.","10","150"],[11,"3. What do each of the following quotations mean to you?\n(a) \"Each individual is capable of transforming his immediate environment by attempting a radical transformation inside him\". - J Krishnamurti","10","150"],[13,"3. (b) \"True compassion means not only feeling another's pain but also being moved to help relieve it\". - Daniel Goleman","10","150"],[15,"4. (a) An important requisite for ensuring probity in governance is absence of corruption. Analyse.","10","150"],[17,"4. (b) The right to information (RTI) and the right to privacy (RTP) complement each other in holding the government accountable to the people, however, in cases of conflict, they can be reconciled keeping public interest in mind. Discuss.","10","150"],[19,"5. (a) Explain the ethical issues involved in spending government funds for advertisement campaigns and publicity.","10","150"],[21,"5. (b) Explaining the concept of political neutrality, discuss its significance in administration. Also, highlight how the Central Civil Services (Conduct) Rules seek to ensure political neutrality in the civil services.","10","150"],[23,"6. (a) In light of the recurring issues, there is a constant need to search for better ethical frameworks and models of corporate governance. Discuss with adequate examples and evidence in support of your arguments.","10","150"],[25,"6. (b) Gender inequality begins at home and then gets institutionalised at the societal level. Discuss.","10","150"],[27,"6. (c) Stakeholder Capitalism is suggested as a way forward in wake of social, economic and environment challenges posed by Shareholder Capitalism. Examine the relevant arguments in this debate.","10","150"],[30,"(a) Identify the most pressing issues? Which ones would you address on priority?\n(b) What would be your advice to Mr. X and Mr. Y? Also, sufficiently clarify the reasons for such an advice.","20",""],[31,"(a) इस प्रकरण में सम्मिलित सर्वाधिक अहम मुद्दों की पहचान कीजिए? आप प्राथमिकता के आधार पर किसे संबोधित करेंगे?\n(b) श्री X और श्री Y को आपकी क्या सलाह होगी? साथ ही, पर्याप्त रूप से इस तरह की सलाह के कारणों को स्पष्ट कीजिए।","",""],[36,"8. In a recent survey around social and economic indicators, a certain state in the country was found grossly underperforming. The state is marred with the issues of poverty, hunger, social backwardness, lawlessness and underdevelopment. In about seven decades since gaining independence, this state has continued to perform poorly across various indices. In the past, the Chief Minister had set up a fact finding Committee to report on the chief causes of the backwardness of the State. After years of ground research and surveying, it was found that the one of the main causes of the state's backwardness was its huge population that amplified resource scarcity to unimaginable proportions. Taking a clue from the facts presented in the report, the State Cabinet constitutes a panel of policy makers to consider this question of growing population and suggest suitable revisions to the State's Population Policy. The Panel recommends legislating a Population Control Bill that has a contentious provision in the form of One Child norm. You are the Chief of this Panel and the recommendations of the Panel require your approval to be tabled in the Chief Minister's Office. In this context, answer the following questions:\n(a) What are the ethical issues related to population control of a compulsory nature that you would consider before approving or rejecting the recommendation?\n(b) What would be your course of action in the aforementioned case? Suggest reasons for the same.","20",""],[38,"6 Can the economic development of state be preferred over individual rights?","",""],[41,"9. You are working as a Divisional Forest Officer in an area which is home to tigers. Recently, there have been reports of a tiger venturing into agricultural fields and also killing livestock of villagers. Unfortunately, 2-3 villagers have been killed by some wild animals in last few weeks. Villagers claim that the tiger has killed their fellow villagers and request you to protect their lives and property by either relocating or killing the man-eater tiger. They also obstructed investigation of forest officials to ascertain whether it was the work of tiger or some other animals. Your attempts to trap the tiger have not been successful. Concerned over the delay in killing or relocating the tiger, villagers hire a private hunter to kill the tiger on their own and argue that they have a right to defend themselves and their property. In this context, answer the following questions:\n(a) Identify the issues involved in this scenario.\n(b) What steps would you take as the Divisional Forest Officer to ensure villagers' safety along with protection of tigers?","20",""],[46,"10. You are a District Magistrate of an area which has seen a huge surge in COVID-19 cases during the second wave of pandemic in India. The health infrastructure is already overburdened. Hospitals are overwhelmed, crematoriums and burial sites are regularly running out of space, and covid testing is struggling to meet the demand. Also, the vaccination drive is at the risk of going off-track due to the demand-supply mismatch. During this difficult time, you come to know that there are some people who are engaging in black marketing, hoarding and profiteering by using every trick in the book to cheat, ransom and swindle Covid-19 patients and their kin in the name of scarcity of drugs, oxygen and hospital beds.\n\nBlack marketing, hoarding and profiteering are a classic case of market failure, which highlights the significance of state intervention in a crisis situation. How can state effectively play the role of a regulator as well as service provider in such cases of market failure?","20",""],[51,"11. You work as a marketing consultant for a multinational company that specializes in various products including nutrient supplements, diet pills etc. The company pays its employees extremely well and provides satisfactory fringe benefits. Your manager has hinted that he will recommend you for overseas company transfer, which will improve your job profile. This has motivated you to work harder and perform better.\nThe company has to advertise and sell a new weight loss pill 'X'. As per in-company research, it has minimal or no side effects and has no adverse impacts on health, which is its unique selling point (USP). You are given the responsibility of heading the marketing team for advertising pill 'X'. Due to a well-crafted marketing strategy including endorsement by a renowned celebrity, the product has generated considerable public attention. However, while working on an advertisement campaign for the pill, you find out that the in-company research findings of pill 'X' are fabricated. While it indeed has no side-effects, there are no proven benefits of taking the pill as well. It merely acts as a placebo.\nWhen you bring up the issue with your manager, he promptly tells you to keep the facts to yourself. He also indirectly brings up the fact that your performance review date is approaching and hints that you will get transferred overseas if you prove your loyalty to the company.\nBased on the given information, address the following:\n(a) Identify the stakeholders in this situation.\n(b) State the ethical issues that arise in this case.\n(c) Discuss your options in this scenario and mention your next step.","20",""],[52,"दी गई जानकारी के आधार पर, निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर दीजिए:\n(a) इस स्थिति में हितधारकों की पहचान कीजिए।\n(b) इस प्रकरण में उत्पन्न होने वाले नैतिक मुद्दों का उल्लेख कीजिए।\n(c) इस परिदृश्य में अपने विकल्पों की विवेचना कीजिए और अपने अगले कदम का उल्लेख कीजिए।","",""],[56,"12. Considering yourself as the Chairman of a Committee, constituted by the government, to suggest measures to improve the quality and accessibility of online education, answer the following questions.\n(a) What are the key ethical issues at stake here?\n(b) Highlight the principles and values that will guide your recommendations to the government.\n(c) Suggest measures to improve the quality and accessibility of online education in the country.","20",""]]},{"i":407,"t":"Hrishikesh Alase","c":"Vision","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/e90f0-874484_2419_alase_hrishikesh_rajendra_rank_61.pdf","q":[[3,"1. Discuss the role played by the Directorate of Enforcement in the investigation of offence of money laundering and violations of foreign exchange laws.","10","150"],[5,"2. The Indian Constitution has been successful in providing a framework for liberal democracy to flourish in India. Analyse.","10","150"],[7,"3. What do you understand by the \"principle of subsidiarity\"? Discuss its importance in the context of India.","10","150"],[9,"4. \"The moral value of fundamental duties would not be to smother rights but to establish a democratic balance by making the people conscious of their duties equally as they are conscious of their rights\". Discuss.","10","150"],[11,"5. Do you think the exercise of delegated legislation by the executive goes against the principle of separation of powers? Discuss in the context of India.","10","150"],[13,"6. A key factor behind poor governance is a system of thinking and working in silos. Discuss in the context of public services in India.","10","150"],[15,"7. Unsafe abortions are a critical issue affecting the reproductive and maternal health of women in India. Identify the reasons behind the same and suggest remedial measures as well.","10","150"],[17,"8. Digital healthcare has the potential to address the perennial issues pertaining to accessibility and affordability of healthcare in India. In this context, discuss the role of Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission in putting the country at the cusp of a 'digital health' revolution.","10","150"],[19,"9. As the only G20 member from South Asia, the G20 leadership is an ideal opportunity for India to use it as an effective platform to amplify South Asia's voice at the global stage. Comment.","10","150"],[21,"10. The India-UAE CEPA will serve as a catalyst to bolster economic ties between the two countries and give India greater access to the region. Discuss.","10","150"],[23,"11. A dysfunctional criminal justice system, absence of well-considered legislation and need for domain expertise, are being seen as the new challenges for the Indian judiciary. Discuss.","15","250"],[26,"12. To what extent has the anti-defection law been able to address the issue of political instability in India? Discuss with suitable arguments.","15","250"],[29,"13. Governance of inter-state rivers in India suffers from various issues due to conflictual federalism. Discuss. Also, highlight the mechanisms, which can be utilised to resolve inter-state river water disputes in India.","15","250"],[32,"14. Elaborate on the fundamental aspects in which the Indian Constitution differed from its contemporaries despite being a post-colonial document.","15","250"],[35,"15. Freebies, especially ahead of elections, do more harm than good to the society. Do you agree? Give logical arguments in support of your answer.","15","250"],[38,"16. The Smart Cities Mission, which was launched to change the urban landscape of India has produced mixed results. Discuss. Also, highlight the challenges faced in executing the Mission.","15","250"],[41,"17. It has been argued that despite several hurdles faced by the entrepreneurship ecosystem in India, the future of India is likely to be shaped by its entrepreneurs. Comment.","15","250"],[44,"18. Though the 'Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao' scheme has given much-needed attention to gender discrimination, it has failed to yield desired results due to poor implementation and monitoring. Discuss.","15","Answer in 250"],[47,"19. As security threats increase in form and frequency in the South-West Indian Ocean, discuss the role played by India in relation to small island developing states (SIDS) in the region.","15","Answer in 250"],[50,"20. As India re-imagines its neighbourhood, cross-border connectivity through sub-regions is becoming increasingly vital. Analyse.","15","250"]]},{"i":408,"t":"Hrishikesh Alase","c":"Vision","p":"GS3","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/4f9ff-874484_4512_alase_hrishikesh_rajendra_rank_61.pdf","q":[[6,"1. Analyse the factors that have contributed to India’s inclusive economic growth in the past decade.","10","150"],[8,"2. The Reserve Bank of India’s surplus transfers offer the government much-needed fiscal space, yet they are not without challenges. Critically examine the implications of the RBI's surplus transfers to the government.","10","150"],[10,"3. To what extent was the first National Monetization Pipeline (NMP) able to meet its objectives? What are the objectives of the new Asset Monetization Plan 2025-30 as announced in the recent 2025 Budget? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[12,"4. Examine the major challenges hindering the Indian textile industry from achieving its full potential in the global value chain. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[14,"5. Why has India become increasingly import-dependent for edible oils despite being a major agricultural economy? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"6. Air accidents are low-frequency but high-impact events. Examine the disaster management protocols in place for aviation-related emergencies in India. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[18,"7. Chemical pollution poses a grave threat to human health and the environment in India. Discuss the key sources contributing to pervasive chemical contamination and evaluate the effectiveness of existing environmental laws in curbing this problem. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[20,"8. Missile defence systems are becoming critical for national security in the face of evolving regional threats and advanced weapon technologies. Explain the working principle of missile defence systems. Critically assess India’s progress in developing indigenous missile defence capabilities. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[22,"9. Despite multiple resolutions and initiatives undertaken by the United Nations Security Council (UNSC), its efforts to counter terrorism have achieved limited success. Discuss the reasons for this limited effectiveness.","10","Answer in 150"],[24,"10. India practices a ‘multi-alignment’ approach in its cyber diplomacy. How does this posture strengthen India’s internal security while maintaining strategic autonomy? (Answer in 150 words)","","150"],[26,"11. While examining the shortcomings of the land reforms in the past, elaborate what land reforms 2.0 should look like. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[29,"12 As NITI Aayog completes 10 years of its establishment, critically examine its role in the planning and development paradigm of governance in India.","15","Answer in 250"],[32,"13. What are the primary causes of limited formal credit penetration among the rural and unbanked populations in India? Comment on the effectiveness of Small Finance Banks in addressing this gap and advancing inclusive financial growth.","","250"],[35,"14. To what extent has the Production Linked Incentive Scheme for the food processing industry facilitated value addition, employment generation, and global competitiveness in India's food processing industry? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[38,"15. Waste circularity is emerging as a sustainable solution to India’s mounting solid waste crisis. Discuss the key principles of waste circularity and the government’s initiative in this regard. How effective have these measures been in fostering a circular economy? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[41,"16. Discuss the importance of integrating traditional ecological knowledge of India's tribal communities with modern disaster management frameworks. Mention two examples where indigenous practices have contributed to disaster resilience.","15","250"],[44,"17. CRISPR technology has rapidly advanced in recent years, with new tools and clinical breakthroughs. Highlight the recent developments in CRISPR-based gene editing technology applications. Discuss the opportunities and ethical challenges these advancements present for healthcare and society.","15","250"],[47,"18. A credible semiconductor ecosystem is pivotal for India's economic security as much as for national security. Analyse the strategic objectives, incentives, and institutional architecture of the India Semiconductor Mission (ISM). Identify the major risks that could derail its timelines. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[50,"19. Intricate inter-play of diverse factors has been the force multipliers for extremism in the North East. Discuss. Suggest a multilayered strategy to tackle the menace of extremism in this region.","15","250"],[53,"20 Despite recent steps towards inducting women into combat roles, their participation remains low. Examine the key challenges impeding the greater inclusion of women in the Indian armed forces. Also, suggest suitable measures to enhance their participation. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"]]},{"i":405,"t":"Hrishikesh Alase","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/9f6fc-874484_4513_alase_hrishikesh_rajendra_rank_61.pdf","q":[[6,"1. (a) Compassion is the courageous choice to feel another's suffering as one's own, and to act upon it, even when silence is safer and indifference is easier. Examine the significance of compassion as an essential ethical value for civil servants in India. Illustrate your answer with suitable examples.","10","150"],[8,"1. (b) Marriages in India are transitioning from traditional sacramental unions to more autonomous relationships, reflected in live-in relationships and rising divorce rates. Discuss the ethical dimensions of these changes. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[10,"2. (a) While accountability often necessitates documentation, an overemphasis on bureaucratic procedures and excessive paperwork can inadvertently silence the very voices that public policy intends to empower, particularly at the grassroots. Examine the above statement with suitable illustrations.","10","150"],[12,"2. (b) The principle of impartiality may conflict with the need for compassion towards marginalized communities. Discuss in the context of civil services in India.","10","150"],[14,"3 (a) What do each of the following quotations mean to you?\n(a) \"The strength of a nation derives from the integrity of the home.\" - Confucius (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"3. (b) \"Act only according to that maxim through which you can at the same time will that it become a universal law.\" - Immanuel Kant (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[18,"3. (c) \"We are not only responsible for what we do, but also for what we fail to do\" - Molière. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[20,"4. (a) Patriotism encourages ethical questioning, while nationalism often suppresses it. Discuss this statement in light of the formation of political attitudes during high-pressure national events. How can individuals develop moral attitudes that balance national interest with ethical reasoning?","10","150"],[22,"4. (b) Discuss how employee well-being and fairness can be balanced with efficiency and profitability in private organisations.","10","150"],[24,"5. (a) Do you agree that excessive use of social media and emerging AI technologies may lead to a decline in emotional regulation and moral sensitivity among adolescents? Justify your answer.","10","150"],[26,"5. (b) In light of the increasing incidents of suicides among students in India, discuss how Emotional Intelligence (EI) can aid in managing stress and emotional challenges.","10","150"],[28,"6. (a) In public service, emotional intelligence is not about suppressing emotion, but mastering its purpose — to connect, to de-escalate, and to uplift others with empathy and strength. Do you agree with this view? Discuss.","10","150"],[30,"6. (b) An efficient work culture is built not only on rules, but on shared values. In this context, evaluate the role of leadership and team dynamics in transforming work culture within an organization.","10","150"],[32,"7 You are posted as the Joint Secretary in the Department of Information Technology of a state. The government recently implemented several citizen-centric digital services, collecting large volumes of personal data from residents. The Digital Personal Data Protection (DPDP) Act, 2023, requires that such data be processed only with explicit and informed consent, and mandates that processing must cease immediately upon withdrawal of consent.\n\nDuring an internal audit, you discover that the department continues to process and analyze personal data of several citizens even after they have formally withdrawn their consent. This data is being used for policy analytics and service improvement, purposes not explicitly disclosed at the time of data collection. When you bring this to the attention of your department head, you are informed that halting the processing will disrupt ongoing digital initiatives and may affect state-level performance metrics. Moreover, you find that the consent withdrawal process is cumbersome, and many citizens are unaware of their rights under the DPDP Act.\n\nYou also learn that a prominent social activist is planning to file a complaint with the Data Protection Board against involuntary use of personal data, which could attract public scrutiny and legal action against the department.\n(a) Identify and discuss the ethical issues involved in this case.\n(b) What are the potential consequences for the department if the issue is not addressed transparently?\n(c) How would you balance the need for efficient public service delivery with the obligation to protect citizens’ data rights? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[37,"8 (a) इस प्रकरण में शामिल प्रमुख नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं? हितधारकों और उनके परस्पर विरोधी हितों की पहचान कीजिए।\n(b) लोक निर्माण विभाग के सचिव के रूप में, आप उपयुक्त स्थिति में क्या कार्रवाई करेंगे?\n(c) ऐसी घटनाएं सिविल सेवकों के मनोबल और शासन में जनता के विश्वास को कैसे प्रभावित करती हैं? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)\na) इस प्रकरण में शामिल प्रमुख नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं? हितधारकों और उनके परस्पर विरोधी हितों की पहचान कीजिए।\nb) लोक निर्माण विभाग के सचिव के रूप में, आप उपयुक्त स्थिति में क्या कार्रवाई करेंगे?\nc) ऐसी घटनाएं सिविल सेवकों के मनोबल और शासन में जनता के विश्वास को कैसे प्रभावित करती हैं? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250 शब्दों में"],[38,"(a) What are the key ethical issues involved in this situation? Identify the stakeholders and their conflicting interests.\n(b) As the Secretary of the PWD, what actions will you take in above situation?\n(c) How do such incidents affect the morale of civil servants and public trust in governance? (Answer in 250 words)\na) What are the key ethical issues involved in this situation? Identify the stakeholders and their conflicting interests.\nb) As the Secretary of the PWD, what actions will you take in above situation?\nc) How do such incidents affect the morale of civil servants and public trust in governance?","20","250"],[42,"9 You are the Secretary in the Department of Personnel and Training (DoPT), Government of India. In recent years, an increasing number of civil servants, particularly younger officers from the IAS, IPS, and IRS, have begun maintaining personal YouTube channels and social media pages. On these platforms, they regularly post videos related to their official work — showcasing innovative projects, public outreach initiatives, inspection drives, and sometimes even day-to-day administrative duties.\n\nThese videos often receive widespread public attention, and many viewers express admiration, saying such content enhances transparency, motivates aspirants, and humanizes the bureaucracy. However, concerns have also emerged from various quarters. Senior officers argue that such content may blur the boundaries between personal branding and public service, while some citizens and media commentators point to instances where videos feature vulnerable beneficiaries without consent, raise concerns about misuse of official premises, or seem designed more for personal popularity than public accountability.\n(a) लोक सेवकों द्वारा अपने आधिकारिक कार्यों को सोशल मीडिया पर सार्वजनिक रूप से प्रदर्शित करने के कृत्यों में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों की पहचान कीजिए।\n(b) क्या ऐसी प्रयासें जागरूकता और प्रेरणा को प्रोत्साहित देती हैं या क्या ये अनामिता, तटस्थता और सामूहिक सेवा भावना के मूल्यों से समझौता करती हैं? अपना मत दीजिए।\n(c) सचिव के रूप में, लोक सेवकों की उत्तरदायित्व डिजिटल सहभागिता सुनिश्चित करने के लिए आप कौन-से मार्गदर्शक सिद्धांत और नीतिगत अनुशासनाएं सुझाएंगे? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250"],[43,"You have been asked to prepare a report with recommendations to balance public interest, institutional integrity, and evolving modes of communication.\n(a) Identify the ethical issues involved in civil servants publicly showcasing their official work on social media.\n(b) Do such practices promote awareness and motivation, or do they compromise the values of anonymity, neutrality, and collective service ethos? Give your opinion.\n(c) As the Secretary, what guiding principles and policy recommendations would you suggest to ensure responsible digital engagement by civil servants? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[47,"10. You are the Director of the National Bioethics Commission who is responsible for assessing the ethical feasibility and oversight of a nationwide gene sequencing program. The project named GeneFuture, aims to sequence the DNA of every newborn child and store it in a centralized national database. The objective is to identify genetic predispositions to serious diseases early in life, allowing for preventive treatment and personalized medicine. Over 100,000 babies have already been enrolled in the pilot phase of the program. The government claims that this move is a landmark step in public health advancement.\n\nHowever, collection of newborn genetic data raises significant ethical concerns, particularly around informed consent, which may not fully capture parents' understanding of the long-term risks involved. Once gathered, this sensitive data could be misused for purposes such as surveillance, insurance discrimination, or commercial marketing by third parties. Uncertainty over data ownership—whether it lies with the state, parents, or the individual as they mature—further complicates the issue. The involvement of private tech and pharmaceutical companies heightens fears of commercial exploitation, especially in the absence of clear mechanisms for individuals to withdraw consent or delete their genetic information upon reaching adulthood.\n(a) What are the ethical issues you perceive in the implementation of the GeneFuture program?\n(b) Identify the conflicting interests of different stakeholders in this case.\n(c) What guiding ethical principles would you recommend for implementation of this project? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[52,"11. You are a dedicated District Health Officer (DHO) with a strong commitment to evidence-based public health practices, recently assigned to a remote district in India. Your immediate and most critical task is to lead a crucial district-wide Measles-Rubella (MR) vaccination drive, aimed at achieving 100% immunization coverage among children aged 9 months to 15 years. The success of this drive is vital for the collective health of thousands of children and for the district's overall health indicators, especially with the impending monsoon season posing additional health challenges.\n\nHowever, in one of the largest and most traditional villages in your district, you encounter formidable resistance. The villagers, deeply influenced by the pronouncements of a revered local\n(a) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the above case.\n(b) What immediate alternatives do you have to calm this resistance?\n(c) Suggest long-term strategies and systemic reforms to counter the widespread impact of superstition and improve public health outcomes through scientific thinking. (250 words)","","250"],[53,"(a) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the above case.\n(b) What are the immediate options available to you to overcome this resistance?\n(c) What long-term strategies and systemic reforms would you suggest to address the pervasive influence of superstition and foster a scientific temperament for sustainable public health outcomes? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[57,"12 You are a highly motivated and principle-driven Gram Panchayat Secretary, recently posted in a large and socio-economically diverse village in a remote district. Your immediate and most critical task is the meticulous verification of beneficiaries for the 'Gramin Awas Yojana' – a flagship state housing scheme aimed at providing 'pucca' (brick) houses to the genuinely impoverished and landless households. The scheme is under tight deadlines, with funds...\n(a) What are the probable administrative and ethical difficulties you foresee?\n(b) Discuss all the options available to you.\n(c) Which broad course of action will you take while adhering to the ethical obligation of your decision? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[58,"(a) What are the potential administrative and ethical dilemmas you face?\n(b) Discuss all options available to you.\n(c) What comprehensive course of action would you choose to adopt, providing ethical justification for your decision? (Answer in 250 words)\na) What are the potential administrative and ethical dilemmas you face?\nb) Discuss all options available to you.\nc) What comprehensive course of action would you choose to adopt, providing ethical justification for your decision? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"]]},{"i":409,"t":"Ishan Bhatnagar","c":"Forumias","p":"Essay","y":2025,"r":5,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/ISHAN-BHATNAGAR-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-5-Sample-MGP-Copy-2-1.pdf","q":[[3,"SECTION - A 1. Glaciers are the canaries in the coal mine of climate change.\n2. To be content with little is difficult; to be content with much, impossible.\n3. The true cost of economic and leadership gaps is deferred growth and skewed transitions.\n4. An India that is not pluralist is not India at all.","",""],[5,"I. Two Indias?","",""],[15,"1. True peace is not merely the absence of tension; it is the presence of justice.\n2. The saddest aspect of life right now is that science gathers knowledge faster than society gathers wisdom.\n3. Human development suffers when interdependence is mismanaged.\n4. No one can make you feel inferior without your consent.","",""]]},{"i":412,"t":"Ishan Bhatnagar","c":"Vision","p":"GS3","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/6c260-46007892_4512_ishan_bhatnagar_rank_05.pdf","q":[[6,"1. Analyse the factors that have contributed to India's inclusive economic growth in the past decade. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[8,"2. The Reserve Bank of India's surplus transfers offer the government much-needed fiscal space, yet they are not without challenges. Critically examine the implications of the RBI's surplus transfers to the government. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[10,"3. To what extent was the first National Monetization Pipeline (NMP) able to meet its objectives? What are the objectives of the new Asset Monetization Plan 2025–30 as announced in the recent 2025 Budget? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[12,"4. Examine the major challenges hindering the Indian textile industry from achieving its full potential in the global value chain.","10","Answer in 150"],[14,"5. Why has India become increasingly import-dependent for edible oils despite being a major agricultural economy? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"6. Air accidents are low-frequency but high-impact events. Examine the disaster management protocols in place for aviation-related emergencies in India. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[18,"7. Chemical pollution poses a grave threat to human health and the environment in India. Discuss the key sources contributing to pervasive chemical contamination and evaluate the effectiveness of existing environmental laws in curbing this problem.","10","150"],[20,"8. Missile defence systems are becoming critical for national security in the face of evolving regional threats and advanced weapon technologies. Explain the working principle of missile defence systems. Critically assess India's progress in developing indigenous missile defence capabilities. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[22,"9. Despite multiple resolutions and initiatives undertaken by the United Nations Security Council (UNSC), its efforts to counter terrorism have achieved limited success. Discuss the reasons for this limited effectiveness.","10","Answer in 150"],[24,"10 India practices a ‘multi-alignment’ approach in its cyber diplomacy. How does this posture strengthen India’s internal security while maintaining strategic autonomy? (Answer in 150 words)","","150"],[26,"11. While examining the shortcomings of the land reforms in the past, elaborate what land reforms 2.0 should look like. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[29,"12. As NITI Aayog completes 10 years of its establishment, critically examine its role in the planning and development paradigm of governance in India. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[32,"13. What are the primary causes of limited formal credit penetration among the rural and unbanked populations in India? Comment on the effectiveness of Small Finance Banks in addressing this gap and advancing inclusive financial growth.","","250"],[35,"14. To what extent has the Production Linked Incentive Scheme for the food processing industry facilitated value addition, employment generation, and global competitiveness in India's food processing industry?","15","Answer in 250"],[38,"15. Waste circularity is emerging as a sustainable solution to India's mounting solid waste crisis. Discuss the key principles of waste circularity and the government's initiative in this regard. How effective have these measures been in fostering a circular economy? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[41,"16. Discuss the importance of integrating traditional ecological knowledge of India's tribal communities with modern disaster management frameworks. Mention two examples where indigenous practices have contributed to disaster resilience. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[44,"17. CRISPR technology has rapidly advanced in recent years, with new tools and clinical breakthroughs. Highlight the recent developments in CRISPR-based gene editing technology applications. Discuss the opportunities and ethical challenges these advancements present for healthcare and society.","15","Answer in 250"],[47,"18. A credible semiconductor ecosystem is pivotal for India's economic security as much as for national security. Analyse the strategic objectives, incentives, and institutional architecture of the India Semiconductor Mission (ISM). Identify the major risks that could derail its timelines.","","Answer in 250"],[50,"19. Intricate inter-play of diverse factors has been the force multipliers for extremism in the North East. Discuss. Suggest a multilayered strategy to tackle the menace of extremism in this region.","15","250"],[53,"20. Despite recent steps towards inducting women into combat roles, their participation remains low. Examine the key challenges impeding the greater inclusion of women in the Indian armed forces. Also, suggest suitable measures to enhance their participation.","15","250"]]},{"i":410,"t":"Ishan Bhatnagar","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/Ishan-Bhatnagar-GS-Copy.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) The increasing use of digital surveillance technologies for maintaining law and order is a debatable issue. Critically examine the statement from the ethical point of view.","10","150"],[5,"b) Knowledge and skills are important, but they must be grounded in ethical principles for true success. In this context, discuss the importance of ethics in education and the role of educational institutions in imparting ethical values.","10","150"],[7,"Q.2) a) How does persuasion help achieve a desired change in attitude? What are the elements of an effective persuasive approach?","10","150"],[9,"b) While scientific research drives technological progress and societal development, its funding often raises ethical questions. What ethical concerns arise from corporate sponsorship of scientific research, and how can these be addressed?","10","150"],[11,"Q.3 Given below are three quotations of great thinkers. What do each of these quotations convey to you in the present context?\na) \"Where do the evils like corruption arise from? It comes from the never-ending greed. The fight for corruption-free ethical society will have to be fought against this greed and replace it with 'what can I give' spirit.\" - A.P.J. Abdul Kalam","10","150"],[13,"b) \"The greatest glory in living lies not in never failing, but in rising every time we fail.\" - Nelson Mandela","10","150"],[15,"c) \"Your goodness is an impediment in your way, so let your eyes be red with anger, and try to fight the injustice with a firm hand.\" - Sardar Patel","10","150"],[17,"Q.4) a) What do you understand by the term \"Conflict of Interest\"? How does it manifest in the decision making by public servants? In what ways can it be minimized?","10","150"],[19,"b) \"In post-conflict rehabilitation, the pursuit of justice must be balanced with the need for reconciliation.\" Examine this statement in the context of addressing ethnic violence.","10","150"],[21,"Q.5) a) In the ever-evolving landscape of academic institutions, administrators must not only manage academic issues but also emotional and interpersonal dynamics. In this context, discuss the significance of emotionally intelligent administrators in higher education.","10","150"],[23,"b) \"The recognition of the horrors of nuclear weapons should compel nations to move towards meaningful disarmament. However, geopolitical interests continue to hinder genuine progress in this direction. What are the ethical considerations of nuclear states to pursue global disarmament, and how can the international community balance security concerns with the moral imperative of a nuclear-free world?\"","10","150"],[25,"Q.6) a) \"Probity in governance is an essential and vital requirement for an efficient and effective system of governance and for socio-economic development.\" Discuss the statement with examples.","10","150"],[27,"b) How can responsible and informed social media use be nurtured among children to make the internet a safer space for them?","10","150"],[29,"Q.7) Arushi is a young IPS officer known for her competence, integrity, and relentless dedication to challenging tasks. Recognizing her excellent track record, her superiors have chosen her to handle a sensitive assignment in a tribal-dominated district notorious for illegal bauxite mining. Here, the mafia mines bauxite from mineral-rich lands, transports it by truck, and sells it on the black market. This illegal operation thrives with the support of certain local officials and tribal musclemen who intimidate the local population and bribe select poor tribals to maintain control and silence.\n\nUpon assuming the new role, Arushi quickly grasps the ground realities and identifies the mafia's modus operandi, characterized by a series of devious tactics. Her inquiries reveal that several employees in her office are colluding with the mafia, forming an unholy nexus that enables these illegal operations. Determined to dismantle this network, she initiates strict actions, including raids on trucks transporting illegally mined bauxite. These actions significantly disrupt the mafia's operations, unsettling criminals unaccustomed to such resistance. Some office employees allegedly allied with the mafia inform the criminals of her determination to dismantle their operations, posing a serious threat to their profits. In response, the mafia adopts a counter-offensive strategy. Tribal strongmen and mafia operatives begin issuing direct threats to her, warning of severe consequences if the raids continue. Her family (husband and elderly mother) are stalked and placed under virtual surveillance, causing mental anguish and stress for them all. Matters assume serious propositions when a muscleman appears in her office and threatens that if she does not halt raids, etc., she will suffer the same fate as a predecessor officer who was killed by the mafia a decade earlier.\na) Discuss the ethical issues involved in this case.\nb) Identify and evaluate the different options available to Arushi under the given situation.\nc) Which option would she adopt and why?","20","250"],[34,"Q.8) The Siang Upper Multipurpose Project (SUMP) is proposed on a river in a northeastern state of India, a recognized biodiversity hotspot. Covered in dense forests, this region harbors a rich diversity of flora and fauna, including numerous endemic species. Although sparsely populated, the region's communities have livelihoods and cultural practices deeply intertwined with the natural landscape. Its ecological wealth has been preserved over the years due to its environmental significance and cultural heritage. Additionally, the Upper Siang basin holds immense strategic importance due to its proximity to international borders, offering potential leverage in regional security and resource management.\nThe SUMP aims to harness the river's energy for economic growth, proposing infrastructure that includes an 11,000 MW \"mega dam,\" power stations, and transmission lines that could transform the state into a renewable energy hub. Proponents argue that the project will boost the state's economy through power generation, employment, and enhanced infrastructure while also helping meet the country's clean energy targets.\nHowever, a local NGO has raised concerns about the ecological and social costs of SUMP. The project would require extensive forest clearance, which plays a crucial role in carbon sequestration. Additionally, experts warn that construction activities could disturb the region's delicate ecosystems. This may affect riverine biodiversity and increase the risk of soil erosion and sedimentation, with potential downstream effects on agriculture and water quality. Another major issue raised is the potential displacement and cultural impact on local communities. This could threaten their subsistence-based livelihoods and disrupt their way of life. Critics also highlight that the project may contradict India's commitments to sustainable development.\nDespite these concerns, supporters of the project argue that SUMP's strategic importance and clean energy potential cannot be ignored. Moreover, they emphasize the project's strategic location, which would strengthen energy security, reduce regional inequalities, and contribute to the country's long-term development goals. They argue that amidst rising energy demands, the country cannot afford to forgo such an opportunity, especially given the presence of hydroelectric projects across borders that could shift regional control over water resources.\n(a) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\n(b) In your opinion, which should take priority between development and conservation, and why?","20","20"],[35,"(a) उपयुक्त परिस्थिति में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों का वर्णन कीजिए?\n(b) आपकी राय में विकास और संरक्षण में से किसे प्राथमिकता दी जानी चाहिए और क्यों?","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[39,"Q.9 Inside a busy city administration office, Joint Municipal Commissioner Keerthi, who also serves as the Public Information Officer (PIO), faces a challenging situation. Recently, an RTI application has been received, demanding details about public infrastructure projects initiated during her tenure. Upon reviewing the requested information, Keerthi discovers that certain decisions made regarding these projects were not entirely sound in hindsight. These decisions, although taken in good faith and after due diligence, failed to realize promised outcomes. There were other employees also who were party to this decision. The disclosure of this information could potentially lead to scrutiny and backlash against herself, the employees, and contractors involved. Known for her integrity and commitment to public service, Keerthi finds herself at a crossroads. The RTI Act has served as a critical check against administrative arbitrariness, ensuring transparency and accountability. However, she also observes a troubling trend. RTI applications are often used by vested interests and activists seeking personal gain rather than genuine public interest. Some activists even resort to threats or extortion tactics, undermining the integrity of the RTI process. She fears the requested RTI information could be similarly exploited. Moreover, the employees involved are requesting her to withhold the information. In navigating this situation, Keerthi weighs her options carefully.\n(a) Critically examine the options available to Keerthi in the above situation.\n(b) Which of the above would be the most appropriate for Keerthi and why?","","20"],[44,"Q.10 Littering at popular tourist destinations has become a significant environmental and ethical concern in India. A recent incident highlighted this issue when tourists were observed throwing tissue papers and a cake box on the road after celebrating a birthday. When a local politely requested them to use a nearby dustbin just 5 feet away, the tourists dismissed the appeal, claiming no dustbin was available. The situation escalated when their driver threw a plastic bag into the adjacent valley.\n\nPublic reactions to the incident were divided. Some individuals commended the intervention as an effort to promote civic responsibility, emphasizing the need to protect fragile ecosystems like hill stations. Many argued that tourists must adhere to basic environmental ethics and that public spaces are a shared responsibility. Critics also highlighted the broader implications of such irresponsible behavior on the environment and local livelihoods.\n\nOn the other hand, the tourists involved accused those intervening of interfering in their personal affairs, claiming their privacy was being violated. The argument that the tourists were being publicly shamed through the viral video added another layer to the ethical debate. Many questioned whether posting such incidents online, even for a social cause, was appropriate or necessary.\n\nThe debate continues, with one side emphasizing the collective responsibility to preserve public spaces and the environment, while the other raises concerns about individual privacy and autonomy.\n(a) What are the ethical concerns associated with tourists littering at public destinations?\n(b) How can ethical tourism practices be integrated into policies to address issues like littering at tourist destinations?\n(c) Suggest a course of action that balances environmental responsibility and individual rights. Justify your answer.","20","250"],[49,"Q.11) You are the Operations Manager at a fast-growing technology startup, NexGen Solutions, known for its innovative projects and timely delivery. The startup's environment is fast-paced, with tight deadlines and high expectations from clients and investors. Your current project, creating a cutting-edge AI based application, is critical for securing upcoming funding and partnerships. Your small, capable team includes four software developers and two project coordinators, with an equal number of men and women.\n\nRecently, the team has encountered major challenges. Priya, one of the female developers, has requested leave to care for her ailing mother. Meanwhile, another team member, Ayesha, is struggling to manage her workload along with caring for her infant child. As a result, other team members have taken on extra tasks, impacting their work-life balance and causing heightened stress. With the project deadline looming, tensions in the team have become visible. During a crucial project meeting, Karan, a senior developer, voices his frustration, saying, “Perhaps it’s not ideal to have team members who can’t fully commit during critical stages.”\n\nKaran’s remark triggers an immediate reaction. Neha, a project coordinator, finds his comment offensive and reports it to the Human Resources (HR) Department. She also hints that she might bring the issue to social media, which could harm the startup’s image. The HR Department, located at the company’s headquarters, investigates and recommends disciplinary action against Karan, emphasizing the importance of a respectful, inclusive workplace. Their recommendation puts you in a difficult situation. The project is already delayed, and losing a senior developer like Karan could jeopardize its timely completion.\n\nYou are now faced with a complex dilemma. On one hand, it’s vital to address the inappropriate comment and ensure a respectful work culture. On the other hand, you must keep the project on track without further demotivating your team.\n(a) Discuss the ethical issues involved in this case.\n(b) As the Operations Manager, how would you deal with the given situation?\n(c) Based on the case study, discuss the challenges faced by women at workplace. How can such challenges be addressed?","20","20"],[54,"Q.12 Prateek Kumar, the Project Manager, is in charge of the construction of a highly anticipated highway that is expected to drive regional development. The project aims to enhance connectivity, boost trade, and create substantial employment opportunities. Given its importance, it has become a focal point for the ruling party, which is actively promoting it as a symbol of progress ahead of the upcoming state elections next year. The timely completion of the highway is crucial, as the Chief Minister is scheduled to inaugurate it upon completion. This has led to added pressure on Prateek and his team to meet the approaching deadline, which is set for next month.\nDuring a routine inspection, Prateek discovers that a particular stretch of the highway has been built with substandard materials. This section fails to meet the required safety and durability standards, posing a serious threat to public safety and lives. If left unresolved, the compromised quality could lead to accidents, undermining both the project's credibility and the government's promises for safe and reliable infrastructure. Concerned, Prateek raises the issue with the contractor, but the contractor downplays the severity, claiming that minor adjustments will fix the problem without causing major delays.\nIn a subsequent team meeting, some senior members suggest that Prateek overlook the quality concerns to ensure the project remains on schedule. They argue that the majority of the highway meets standards and emphasize the severe economic and political consequences of delays. With elections approaching, they stress the importance of the Chief Minister's inauguration as a key political event. They warn that any delay could damage the ruling party's image, harm its electoral prospects, and potentially have repercussions for the team and the organization.\nLater, the contractor privately approaches Prateek with a substantial bribe, urging him to ignore the issue and allow the project to proceed. The contractor justifies his actions by citing financial pressures and the need to complete the project on time. Prateek is an honest and upright officer, but he understands that addressing the problem would delay the project, making it impossible to meet the deadline.\n(a) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the case.\n(b) Under the given conditions, what are the options available to Prateek as the Project Manager? Critically evaluate each of the options.\n(c) What option should Prateek adopt and why?","20","20"]]},{"i":411,"t":"Ishan Bhatnagar","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/7e533-46007892_4513_ishan_bhatnagar_rank_05.pdf","q":[[6,"1. (a) Compassion is the courageous choice to feel another's suffering as one's own, and to act upon it, even when silence is safer and indifference is easier. Examine the significance of compassion as an essential ethical value for civil servants in India. Illustrate your answer with suitable examples.","10","150"],[8,"1. (b) Marriages in India are transitioning from traditional sacramental unions to more autonomous relationships, reflected in live-in relationships and rising divorce rates. Discuss the ethical dimensions of these changes. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[10,"2. (a) While accountability often necessitates documentation, an overemphasis on bureaucratic procedures and excessive paperwork can inadvertently silence the very voices that public policy intends to empower, particularly at the grassroots. Examine the above statement with suitable illustrations.","10","150"],[12,"2. (b) The principle of impartiality may conflict with the need for compassion towards marginalized communities. Discuss in the context of civil services in India.","10","Answer in 150"],[14,"3 (a) What do each of the following quotations mean to you?\n(a) \"The strength of a nation derives from the integrity of the home.\" - Confucius (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"3. (b) \"Act only according to that maxim through which you can at the same time will that it become a universal law.\" - Immanuel Kant (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[18,"3. (c) \"We are not only responsible for what we do, but also for what we fail to do\" - Molière. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[20,"4. (a) Patriotism encourages ethical questioning, while nationalism often suppresses it. Discuss this statement in light of the formation of political attitudes during high-pressure national events. How can individuals develop moral attitudes that balance national interest with ethical reasoning?","10","150"],[22,"4. (b) Discuss how employee well-being and fairness can be balanced with efficiency and profitability in private organisations.","10","150"],[24,"5. (a) Do you agree that excessive use of social media and emerging AI technologies may lead to a decline in emotional regulation and moral sensitivity among adolescents? Justify your answer.","10","150"],[26,"5. (b) In light of the increasing incidents of suicides among students in India, discuss how Emotional Intelligence (EI) can aid in managing stress and emotional challenges.","10","150"],[28,"6. (a) In public service, emotional intelligence is not about suppressing emotion, but mastering its purpose — to connect, to de-escalate, and to uplift others with empathy and strength. Do you agree with this view? Discuss.","10","150"],[30,"6. (b) An efficient work culture is built not only on rules, but on shared values. In this context, evaluate the role of leadership and team dynamics in transforming work culture within an organization.","10","150"],[32,"7 You are posted as the Joint Secretary in the Department of Information Technology of a state. The government recently implemented several citizen-centric digital services, collecting large volumes of personal data from residents. The Digital Personal Data Protection (DPDP) Act, 2023, requires that such data be processed only with explicit and informed consent, and mandates that processing must cease immediately upon withdrawal of consent.\nDuring an internal audit, you discover that the department continues to process and analyze personal data of several citizens even after they have formally withdrawn their consent. This data is being used for policy analytics and service improvement, purposes not explicitly disclosed at the time of data collection. When you bring this to the attention of your department head, you are informed that halting the processing will disrupt ongoing digital initiatives and may affect state-level performance metrics. Moreover, you find that the consent withdrawal process is cumbersome, and many citizens are unaware of their rights under the DPDP Act.\nYou also learn that a prominent social activist is planning to file a complaint with the Data Protection Board against involuntary use of personal data, which could attract public scrutiny and legal action against the department.\n(a) Identify and discuss the ethical issues involved in this case.\n(b) What are the potential consequences for the department if the issue is not addressed transparently?\n(c) How would you balance the need for efficient public service delivery with the obligation to protect citizens' data rights? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[37,"8 You are an IAS officer, currently serving as the Secretary of the Public Works Department in a hill state. Recently, a disturbing incident has come to light involving a senior Cabinet Minister and two engineers of the National Highways Authority of India (NHAI). During an inspection of a critical highway project, the Minister was allegedly seen on video physically assaulting and verbally abusing the engineers in full public view. The video, recorded by bystanders, went viral on social media and was widely covered by television channels, sparking both outrage and support from different sections of society. The Minister later defended his actions, alleging that the officials were corrupt, unresponsive to local grievances, and responsible for inordinate delays in the project. He insisted that his actions were driven by public frustration and the urgency of delivering infrastructure to a remote region.\n\nHowever, the engineers have filed a police complaint and written to their superiors, claiming they were targeted for resisting political pressure to award contracts to specific local contractors linked to the Minister. As the situation escalated, a union of NHAI engineers declared a strike,\n(a) इस प्रकरण में शामिल प्रमुख नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं? हितधारकों और उनके परस्पर विरोधी हितों की पहचान कीजिए।\n(b) लोक निर्माण विभाग के सचिव के रूप में, आप उपयुक्त स्थिति में क्या कार्रवाई करेंगे?\n(c) ऐसी घटनाएं सिविल सेवकों के मनोबल और शासन में जनता के विश्वास को कैसे प्रभावित करती हैं? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250"],[38,"(a) What are the key ethical issues involved in this situation? Identify the stakeholders and their conflicting interests.\n(b) As the Secretary of the PWD, what actions will you take in above situation?\n(c) How do such incidents affect the morale of civil servants and public trust in governance? (Answer in 250 words)\na) What are the key ethical issues involved in this situation? Identify the stakeholders and their conflicting interests.\nb) As the Secretary of the PWD, what actions will you take in above situation?\nc) How do such incidents affect the morale of civil servants and public trust in governance?","20","250"],[42,"9 You are the Secretary in the Department of Personnel and Training (DoPT), Government of India. In recent years, an increasing number of civil servants, particularly younger officers from the IAS, IPS, and IRS, have begun maintaining personal YouTube channels and social media pages. On these platforms, they regularly post videos related to their official work — showcasing innovative projects, public outreach initiatives, inspection drives, and sometimes even day-to-day administrative duties.\n\nThese videos often receive widespread public attention, and many viewers express admiration, saying such content enhances transparency, motivates aspirants, and humanizes the bureaucracy. However, concerns have also emerged from various quarters. Senior officers argue that such content may blur the boundaries between personal branding and public service, while some citizens and media commentators point to instances where videos feature vulnerable beneficiaries without consent, raise concerns about misuse of official premises, or seem designed more for personal popularity than public accountability.\n\n(a) लोक सेवकों द्वारा अपने आधिकारिक कार्यों को सोशल मीडिया पर सार्वजनिक रूप से प्रदर्शित करने के कृत्यों में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों की पहचान कीजिए।\n\n(b) क्या ऐसी प्रयासें जागरूकता और प्रेरणा को प्रोत्साहन देती हैं या क्या ये अनामिता, तटस्थता और सामूहिक सेवा भावना के मूल्यों से समझौता करती हैं? अपना मत दीजिए।\n\n(c) सचिव के रूप में, लोक सेवकों की उत्तरदायित्व डिजिटल सहभागिता सुनिश्चित करने के लिए आप कौन-से मार्गदर्शक सिद्धांत और नीतिगत अनुशासनाएं सुझाएंगे? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)\n(a) लोक सेवकों द्वारा अपने आधिकारिक कार्यों को सोशल मीडिया पर सार्वजनिक रूप से प्रदर्शित करने के कृत्यों में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों की पहचान कीजिए।\n(b) क्या ऐसी प्रयासें जागरूकता और प्रेरणा को प्रोत्साहन देती हैं या क्या ये अनामिता, तटस्थता और सामूहिक सेवा भावना के मूल्यों से समझौता करती हैं? अपना मत दीजिए।\n(c) सचिव के रूप में, लोक सेवकों की उत्तरदायित्व डिजिटल सहभागिता सुनिश्चित करने के लिए आप कौन-से मार्गदर्शक सिद्धांत और नीतिगत अनुशासनाएं सुझाएंगे? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250"],[43,"In one case, a district magistrate was seen filming a surprise school inspection in which teachers were scolded on camera — the video was later posted to his personal YouTube channel that is also monetized. While some praised the officer's strictness, others criticized the public shaming of teachers and the breach of service dignity. In another case, a police officer was seen directing a flood rescue operation while his staff filmed drone footage, later edited into a motivational video for social media. You have been asked to prepare a report with recommendations to balance public interest, institutional integrity, and evolving modes of communication.\n(a) Identify the ethical issues involved in civil servants publicly showcasing their official work on social media.\n(b) Do such practices promote awareness and motivation, or do they compromise the values of anonymity, neutrality, and collective service ethos? Give your opinion.\n(c) As the Secretary, what guiding principles and policy recommendations would you suggest to ensure responsible digital engagement by civil servants? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[47,"10 You are the Director of the National Bioethics Commission who is responsible for assessing the ethical feasibility and oversight of a nationwide gene sequencing program. The project named GeneFuture, aims to sequence the DNA of every newborn child and store it in a centralized national database. The objective is to identify genetic predispositions to serious diseases early in life, allowing for preventive treatment and personalized medicine. Over 100,000 babies have already been enrolled in the pilot phase of the program. The government claims that this move is a landmark step in public health advancement.\n\nHowever, collection of newborn genetic data raises significant ethical concerns, particularly around informed consent, which may not fully capture parents' understanding of the long-term risks involved. Once gathered, this sensitive data could be misused for purposes such as surveillance, insurance discrimination, or commercial marketing by third parties. Uncertainty over data ownership—whether it lies with the state, parents, or the individual as they mature—further complicates the issue. The involvement of private tech and pharmaceutical companies heightens fears of commercial exploitation, especially in the absence of clear mechanisms for individuals to withdraw consent or delete their genetic information upon reaching adulthood.\n(a) What are the ethical issues you perceive in the implementation of the GeneFuture program?\n(b) Identify the conflicting interests of different stakeholders in this case.\n(c) What guiding ethical principles would you recommend for implementation of this project? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[52,"11 You are a dedicated District Health Officer (DHO) with a strong commitment to evidence-based public health practices, recently assigned to a remote district in India. Your immediate and most critical task is to lead a crucial district-wide Measles-Rubella (MR) vaccination drive, aimed at achieving 100% immunization coverage among children aged 9 months to 15 years. The success of this drive is vital for the collective health of thousands of children and for the district's overall health indicators, especially with the impending monsoon season posing additional health challenges.\n\nHowever, in one of the largest and most traditional villages in your district, you encounter formidable resistance. The villagers, deeply influenced by the pronouncements of a revered local\n(a) उपयुक्त प्रकरण में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\n(b) इस विरोध को शांत करने के लिए आपके पास तत्काल क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\n(c) अंधविश्वास के व्यापक प्रभाव को दूर करने और संधारणीय लोक स्वास्थ्य परिणामों हेतु वैज्ञानिक सोच को बढ़ावा देने के लिए आप कौन-सी दीर्घकालिक रणनीतियाँ और प्रणालीगत सुधारों का सुझाव देंगे? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250"],[53,"(a) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the above case.\n(b) What are the immediate options available to you to overcome this resistance?\n(c) What long-term strategies and systemic reforms would you suggest to address the pervasive influence of superstition and foster a scientific temperament for sustainable public health outcomes? (Answer in 250 words)\na) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the above case.\nb) What are the immediate options available to you to overcome this resistance?\nc) What long-term strategies and systemic reforms would you suggest to address the pervasive influence of superstition and foster a scientific temperament for sustainable public health outcomes?","20","250"],[57,"12. You are a highly motivated and principle-driven Gram Panchayat Secretary, recently posted in a large and socio-economically diverse village in a remote district. Your immediate and most critical task is the meticulous verification of beneficiaries for the 'Gramin Awas Yojana' – a flagship state housing scheme aimed at providing 'pucca' (brick) houses to the genuinely impoverished and landless households. The scheme is under tight deadlines, with funds\n(a) आपके समक्ष विद्यमान संभावित प्रशासनिक और नैतिक दुविधाएं क्या हैं?\n(b) आपके लिए उपलब्ध सभी विकल्पों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\n(c) आप अपने निर्णय का नैतिक औचित्य सिद्ध करते हुए कौन-सी व्यापक कार्यवाही करेंगे? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250"],[58,"(a) What are the potential administrative and ethical dilemmas you face?\n(b) Discuss all options available to you.\n(c) What comprehensive course of action would you choose to adopt, providing ethical justification for your decision? (Answer in 250 words)\na) What are the potential administrative and ethical dilemmas you face?\nb) Discuss all options available to you.\nc) What comprehensive course of action would you choose to adopt, providing ethical justification for your decision? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"]]},{"i":413,"t":"Ishita Kishore","c":"Vision","p":"GS1","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/67770-787456_2217_ishita-kishore_rank-1.pdf","q":[[6,"1. With examples, discuss how the cultural traditions from various regions of India get reflected in regional music. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[8,"2. Highlighting the emergence of the working class movement, discuss its contribution towards India's freedom struggle.","10","150"],[10,"3. Do you agree with the view that Gandhian politics was, in a sense, a continuation of Tilak's politics? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[12,"4. It is said that the world's oceans are losing their 'memory' due to human-induced warming. Comment. Also, discuss the consequences of the phenomenon. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[14,"5. What is soil amendment? Evaluate the benefits and concerns associated with it.","10","150"],[16,"6. It has been suggested that the next decade may see a boom in hybrid power plants. Stating the advantages that such power plants offer, discuss the associated challenges. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[18,"7. What are Van Allen Radiation Belts? Explaining their formation, discuss why there has been a growing focus on their study. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[20,"8. Discuss whether marital rape should be criminalised in India. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[22,"9. What is care economy? Highlight the challenges associated with it and mention the steps taken to address them in India. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[24,"10. Post-pandemic India is staring at the challenge of \"learning poverty\". Analyse its implications and discuss a way ahead. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[26,"11. Bring out the evolution of mural traditions in South India. Also, elaborate on their significant characteristics. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[29,"12. Indian nationalism that confronted British imperialism in the 19th century was a product of colonial modernity. Do you agree? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[32,"13. Environmentalism surfaced in the form of many organised movements in post independence India. Discuss. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[35,"14. Do you agree with the view that continental blockade was an ill-conceived strategy by Napoleon to conquer Britain through economic means? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[38,"15. What do you understand by the Arctic Paradox? Highlight the spatial distribution of mineral and energy resources in the Arctic region. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[41,"16. Cryosphere changes have a tendency to bring about a devastating impact on the ecosystem and its people. Discuss. Also, enlist measures to tackle this threat. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[44,"17. The frequent instances of urban flooding pose a severe risk to the urban ecosystem in India. Discuss with special emphasis on its impact on the critical infrastructure.","","Answer in 250"],[47,"18. Sand is not only critical for economic development but also provides crucial ecosystem services. Elaborate. In this context, discuss the importance of sustainable sand mining in India. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[50,"19. The challenge of unbridled and unbalanced growth of urban spaces in India necessitates reforms in urban planning and capacity. Discuss.","15","Answer in 250"],[53,"20. Feminist movements in India have historically lacked inclusivity, often growing within a limited Western upper-class psyche. Critically discuss.","15","250"]]},{"i":972,"t":"Ishita Kishore","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1DlSqKltZyIqMD9daH1PFMmVd-hIcGmXe/view","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) Ethical governance is the foundation of a welfare state. Identify essential ethical traits of a welfare state. Discuss ways and means to promote ethics in governance.","10","150"],[5,"b) While one group considers abortion as unmitigated evil, the other sees it as morally acceptable. Analyse various ethical concerns related to abortion and give your opinion on the issue.","10","150"],[7,"Q.2) a) Conscience keeps ethics from fading when faced with a tough decision. Discuss in context of civil servants.","10","150"],[9,"b) What are the various conflicts of values that civil servants face while performing their duty? How can such conflicts be resolved? Discuss with illustrations.","10","150"],[11,"Q.3) a) Emotional intelligence (EI) not only helps in managing stress but also transforms distress into eustress. Elaborate with relevant examples.","10","150"],[13,"b) Differentiate between the following:\ni. Gratitude and Gratification\nii. Moral myopia vs Moral muteness","10","150"],[15,"Q.4) a) Although attitude and behaviour are interrelated, the former is a predisposition while the latter is an option. Discuss the structure of attitude and explain the relationship between attitude and behaviour.","10","150"],[17,"b) Civil servants should work for a cause and not for applause. In light of this statement, examine why bureaucratic anonymity is considered a foundational value for a civil servant. How far do you agree that the principle of bureaucratic anonymity has been diluted in the age of social media?","10","150"],[19,"Q.5) What does each of the following quotation mean to you?\na) A man can give up a right, but he may not give up a duty without being guilty of a grave dereliction.","10","150"],[21,"b) Justice without force is futile, force without justice is tyrannical.","10","150"],[23,"Q.6) a) Ethics in international relations is a myth, only national interest determines the foreign policy. How far do you agree with this statement? Discuss with suitable illustrations.","10","150"],[25,"b) It is not power, but fear that corrupts. Fear of losing power corrupts those who wield it and fear of the scourge of power corrupts those who are subject to it. Examine the statement in context of political corruption.","10","150"],[27,"c) Education is the kindling of a flame, not the filling of a vessel. What do you understand by this statement? In your opinion, which five values should Indian education system inculcate in every student? Justify your choice.","10","150"],[29,"Q.7 Samuel is a famous tennis player. He is at the top of his career and had won three grand slams last year. The first major tournament of this year is scheduled for next week in country A. Samuel is the defending champion and crowd favourite. Organizers of the tournament expect Samuel to be a crowd puller for his matches. Many aspiring tennis players and youth look up to Samuel as their idol.\n\nThe tournament is being organized amidst the deadly third wave of Covid infection in country A. Country A has declared a public health emergency due to the rising number of Covid cases. Keeping in mind medical exigency, the organizers have mandated that every participating athlete as well as the attending audience should be fully vaccinated with two doses. However, Samuel refused to get vaccinated as he believes that vaccines can negatively impact his performance in the tournament. Samuel also argued that mandatory vaccination is a violation of his right to choose and goes against his individual liberty. The organizers of the tournament knew that if Samuel is denied entry in the tournament, their revenue from ticket sales may go down. They hesitantly allowed Samuel to participate in the tournament even without his compliance with vaccine mandate.\n\nTo tackle the surging wave of pandemic, country A has prescribed two weeks quarantine for anyone who has visited any other pandemic affected country. Samuel has visited one such country. But such a declaration from Samuel would mean that he would miss the tournament as only one week is left for the start of matches. To avoid quarantine, Samuel lied in his affidavit and claimed that he had not visited any other pandemic affected country. Samuel's popularity became his enemy as people quickly found that he had lied in his affidavit and photos of him vacationing last week in a pandemic affected country went viral on social media. There was a huge outrage against the conduct of Samuel. Samuel was arrested, fined and deported from country A. But there was also a section of the population who wanted to see Samuel in action and was upset that Samuel was forced to leave country A.\n\nBased on this case study, answer the following:\na) Identify various ethical issues involved in this incident.\nb) In your opinion, whether vaccine mandates are a violation of individual liberty or a reasonable restriction on personal freedom. Justify.\nc) Discuss the ethical responsibility of famous personalities while conducting themselves in public.","20","20"],[30,"इस केस स्टडी के आधार पर, निम्नलिखित के उत्तर दें :\na) इस घटना में शामिल विभिन्न नैतिक मुद्दों की पहचान करें।\nb) आपकी राय में, क्या वैक्सीन अधिदेश व्यक्तिगत स्वतंत्रता का उल्लंघन है या व्यक्तिगत स्वतंत्रता पर उचित प्रतिबंध है। उचित सिद्ध करें।\nc) सार्वजनिक रूप से स्वयं का संचालन करते समय प्रसिद्ध व्यक्तियों की नैतिक जिम्मेदारी पर चर्चा करें।","","20 अंक"],[34,"Q.8) You are an IFS officer who heads a diplomatic mission in a European country. You live there with your wife and children. Your parents and few of your relatives are also visiting you for vacation. The country is known for its scenic mountains and it is a popular destination for tourists. In an unexpected turn of events, the country in which you are posted has been attacked by its neighbour due to some unresolved bilateral issues. All the major transportation channels have been adversely impacted by the attack. Flights have been cancelled and airspace above the country has been declared unsafe for commercial aircrafts. You have received an urgent communication from New Delhi asking you to prepare a plan for evacuation of Indians from the besieged country. You have been informed that a friendly neighbouring country of India has sought India's help to evacuate its citizens. Due to war, only a limited number of people can be evacuated in one go and multiple rounds would be required for evacuating everyone. You have identified following groups of people who are to be evacuated:\ni. You, your wife, children, parents and relatives.\nii. Diplomatic staff at the mission.\niii. Indian tourists visiting the country.\niv. Indian students studying in the country.\nv. A film crew and actors who were shooting a film in the country. These include some of the biggest names of Bollywood.\nvi. Citizens of the friendly neighbouring country that has requested India's help.\n As a civil services officer of the state, what would be the order in which you would evacuate these people and why? Give Justifications.","20","250"],[39,"Q.9 Rashmi is a young IPS officer who is posted as the SP law and order in a district that has a history of communal clashes. During a cultural event, a political leader made certain controversial comments regarding the religion of another community that can potentially harm communal harmony in the district. The representatives of the aggrieved community met Rashmi with their complaint. An FIR was registered in the matter and the police department promptly started an investigation. During questioning, the accused political leader denied the charges. He claimed that he was exercising his right to freedom of expression and had no intention of hurting anyone's feelings. He even offered to tender an apology if his statement had hurt someone's religious feelings. However, the aggrieved community was not satisfied with this apology and demanded strict action against the accused.\n\nThe next day, a video went viral on social media in which the accused political leader can be seen making derogatory statements against another religious faith. However, Rashmi suspects that the video going viral on the internet is a doctored video and someone has mischievously edited it to make it more vitriolic and inflammatory. The video has ignited communal tensions in the district. The accused political leader belongs to an influential community and his community has put their support behind him. Local intelligence has warned that some anti-social elements are trying to use this opportunity to create communal riot in the district. The entire matter has been politicized and is being covered by the national media. In this situation answer the following:\na) What differentiates a hate speech from a free speech?\nb) Why does social media have a very strong influence over the actions and thoughts of its users?\nc) What is the most suitable course of action for Rashmi in this situation? Justify.","20","250"],[44,"Q.10 Ashmita is a respected doctor who runs her own maternity clinic in a small town. She is a mother of two and her husband is also a doctor. Ashmita handles multiple cases of child delivery every day and is known for her compassionate treatment of patients. Her clinic enjoy a good reputation in town.\n\nAmong other expecting mothers, Shikha, daughter-in-law of an MLA, was admitted to Ashmita's maternity clinic for child birth. The MLA met Ashmita and expressed his confidence in her skills. He requested her to personally take extra care of Shikha, to which Ashmita agreed happily. Shikha unexpectedly went into labour in the early hours the next day. During this time, Ashmita was performing an emergency surgery on another patient, so she could not attend to Shikha. Shikha was taken care of by other qualified doctors and hospital staff. The MLA was visibly unhappy that Ashmita did not attend Shikha herself. Once the emergency surgery was completed, Ashmita joined her staff and attended Shikha. However, Shikha passed away due to excess bleeding from Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) during childbirth. Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is unpredictable heavy bleeding and Ashmita did everything that she could have done to try to save Shikha's life.\n\nThe MLA blamed Ashmita for Shikha's death. Ashmita was beaten by the MLA and his staff. When her husband tried to save Ashmita, he was dragged out of the hospital and thrashed. A police complaint was also lodged against Ashmita accusing her of murder due to negligence. For many days after the incident, she and her family faced constant harassment by police and supporters of the MLA. Ultimately, Ashmita could not take any more humiliation and committed suicide. The news of suicide by the doctor spread like wildfire. Indian Medical Association took cognizance of the case and warned nationwide strike of doctors if appropriate actions in this case were not taken.\n\nThe state government has appointed a committee to investigate the matter and recommend suitable actions. You are the Chairperson of this committee. In this scenario, answer the following:\na) Why do doctors face violence in the country?\nb) identify various moral-ethical and administrative lapses in this case.\nc) What would you recommend in this case? Give rationale behind giving those recommendations.","20","20"],[45,"a) देश में डॉक्टरों को हिंसा का सामना क्यों करना पड़ता है?\nb) इस मामले में विभिन्न नैतिक-नीति विषयक और प्रशासनिक खामियों की पहचान करें।\nc) इस मामले में आप क्या सुझाव देंगे? उन सुझावों को देने के पीछे तर्क दीजिए।","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[49,"Q.11) The farmer unions in one of the states has called for mass protest owing to large number of arrears/their dues not being paid by the private sugar factories for the last two years. On the day of mass protest, farmers turned up in huge numbers and at several places the protest turned violent. There were instances of stone pelting, vehicle burning etc. The police were not able to control the violent protesters at some places and had to resort to lathi charge. But at one of the places, police resorted to firing in which four farmers were killed. This further aggravated the situation as farmers at other places also resorted to violence to protest against police action.\n\nLooking at the intensity of the situation, under opposition pressure, one of the Minister of the state gave the statement that farmers did not die due to police firing but there were some anti-social elements amongst the protesters who fired in order to create unrest in the state.\n\nThis statement of the Minister instead of calming the protesters further angered them as some eyewitness testified to news channels about the deaths being the result of police firing. All this further projected government in bad light and the police action has come under severe criticism by various sections of intelligentsia. The public sentiment has started to sway in favour of the protesting farmers.\n\nThere is huge pressure on the government to diffuse the tension, address farmers' grievances and take action against the police personnel involved in firing at the protesters since the protesters have started blocking all the major state highways which has crippled the day-to-day routine of the people of the state. Further, there is danger that the situation may get out of control anytime.\n\nSuppose you are the district magistrate where the incident has taken place:\na) You have to address the press conference. What will be your statement to the media if it seeks clarification on whether people died in the police firing as stated by the state minister?\nb) What are the ethical issues involved in the case?\nc) What steps will you take to tackle the post-firing situation effectively?","20","20"],[50,"अ) आपको प्रेस कॉन्फ्रेंस को संबोधित करना है। मीडिया के लिए आपका क्या बयान होगा यदि वह इस बारे में स्पष्टीकरण मांगती है कि क्या पुलिस फायरिंग में लोग मारे गए थे या जैसा कि राज्य के मंत्री ने कहा था?\nब) मामले में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं?\nस) फायरिंग के बाद की स्थिति से प्रभावी ढंग से निपटने के लिए आप क्या कदम उठाएंगे?","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[54,"Q.12) Amit is your colleague and a close friend. He asks you for your advice in this matter. Based on the described situation, help Amit identify various ethical dilemmas in this case. In your opinion, what is the most suitable course of action for Amit? Justify your choice.","20","250"],[55,"अमित आपके सहयोगी और करीबी दोस्त हैं। वह आपसे इस मामले में आपकी सलाह मांगते हैं। वर्तमान स्थिति के आधार पर, अमित को इस मामले में विभिन्न नैतिक दुविधाओं की पहचान करने में मदद करें। आपकी राय में, अमित के लिए कार्रवाई का सबसे उपयुक्त तरीका क्या है? अपने विकल्प का औचित्य सिद्ध करें।","","20 अंक"]]},{"i":973,"t":"Ishita Kishore","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1kKuAthd7hP2xKfs81ABQ6AVrC-wMqRrj/view","q":[[6,"1. (a) The logic of limitless wealth lies in the basic human instinct for furthering self-interest in the form of profit. In this context, do you think there is a possibility of pursuing ethical capitalism? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[8,"1. (b) If a law is unjust, a man is not only right to disobey it, he is obligated to do so. Discuss.","10","150"],[10,"2. (a) The capacity of Citizens' Charter to initiate any transformative process is conditioned upon it being appropriately designed and effectively executed. Discuss.","10","150"],[12,"2. (b) The moral fiber and ethical conduct of public officials not only influence the standard of governance but also their own interests and performance. Elaborate.","10","150"],[14,"3. (a) The ongoing debate on euthanasia poses several ethical questions. Discuss.","10","150"],[16,"3. (b) Foreign aid is a form of neo-colonialism, as the economically wealthier countries can exploit the developing countries under the cloak of aid. Examine. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[18,"4. (a) Throwing light on the idea of Universal Humanism propounded by Rabindranath Tagore, discuss its contemporary relevance. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[20,"4. (b) Do you agree with the view that it is nature and not nurture which determines the emotional intelligence of a person? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[22,"5. (a) Values that guide public administrators can often compete with each other, owing to their relative importance to the larger public interest. Discuss with examples. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[24,"5. (b) Is it justifiable to say that corruption is a social phenomenon? What are the various ways through which administrative corruption can be tackled? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[26,"6 (a) What do each of the following quotations mean to you? \"Overcoming poverty is not a task of charity; it is an act of justice.\" Nelson Mandela (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[28,"6. (b) \"I do believe that, where there is only a choice between cowardice and violence, I would advise violence.\" - Mahatma Gandhi (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[30,"6. (c) \"Change does not roll in on the wheels of inevitability, but comes through continuous struggle.\" Martin Luther King Jr (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[32,"7 You are posted as the Commissioner of Police in a metropolitan city where a visiting foreign dignitary, with President-level security cover, is scheduled to visit for an official function. As a part of the security preparedness, it has been decided that no vehicular traffic will be allowed on the route which will be taken by the foreign dignitary to reach the venue of the function in the city. However, just 15 minutes before the scheduled arrival of the dignitary, you are informed that a critically-ill patient is stuck on the way to the hospital in a private car along with his family.\n\nIn this situation, answer the following:\n(a) Discuss the issues involved in halting traffic for VIP movement.\n(b) List the options available to you in this situation with their merits and demerits.\n(c) What will be your course of action? Justify with proper reasoning. (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[37,"8 In light of the above, answer the following:\n(a) Identify the challenges faced by transgenders during the different stages of their life.\n(b) Discuss the reasons for the continuing discrimination against transgenders in India despite several initiatives for their upliftment in recent times. (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[42,"9 In the given scenario, answer the following questions:\n(a) Identify the stakeholders and the ethical issues involved in the case.\n(b) What steps will you take to ensure that the enquiry is seen to be fair and impartial?\n(c) Given the challenges that the police forces in India operate under in their day-to-day functioning, suggest some initiatives to address them. (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[47,"10 Mr. X is a billionaire businessman who heads a conglomerate engaged in insurance, energy generation and distribution, and manufacturing. Despite being globally known as a great philanthropist, he turned down a shareholder request seeking the disclosure of the conglomerate's actions on issues related to climate change as well as diversity and inclusion.\n\nBecause of increased attention to climate and diversity issues, many leading firms have committed themselves to incorporate relevant considerations in their business strategies. Therefore, some industry-observers wonder if Mr. X is out of touch with the industry at large and have warned him that failing to address climate change issues puts his businesses under systemic risk. But, Mr. X maintained his vote against the disclosure proposal, while at the same time acknowledged the importance of both climate change and a diverse and inclusive work force. However, Mr. X believes that such ethical issues take secondary importance to maximising shareholder profit.\n(a) Discuss the importance of including climate change strategies and diversity and inclusion in a business organisation?\n(b) In your opinion, what matters more for a business organisation - socio-environmental concerns or shareholder profit?\n(c) How can the two above-mentioned issues be reconciled? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[52,"11 You are posted as a Superintendent of Police (SP) in a district where people of different religious communities are living together peacefully. The district is also famous for its architectural heritage and is regularly visited by tourists from all around the world. However, there has been an incident in the nearby state where people of two different communities have started fighting over religious issues. This incident has a spillover effect over the whole country. In your own area of jurisdiction, you have come to know from various sources about circulation of some hate speech videos, which have the potential to destabilise the law and order situation. You are also aware that some outsiders with dubious intentions have started pouring in your district. In one locality, a shopkeeper who had earlier filed a complaint regarding threats he received for posting something on the internet, is found murdered in cold blood. This incident has stunned the nation. You are being informed that hundreds of people of the community to which the shopkeeper belonged are planning to stage a massive protest in your district.\n(a) In the given situation, what are the options available to you to ensure that the law and order situation in the district remains stable. Provide a detailed account of your course of action.\n(b) Do you think the present legal and institutional mechanisms are sufficient to tackle the menace of hate speech in the society? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[54,"3 Impose Internet ban under the Telegraph Act and make reinforcement request from adjoining districts","",""],[57,"12 The Indian education system suffers from many ills. One of the major issues is the focus on 'rote learning', which has been the staple of the Indian education system for many years. While many Indians have attained success despite this system, simply being able to recall information is not enough in today's world when that information is instantly available to anyone on a mobile phone. A survey of 200 Indian and foreign companies found that only 14% of Indian graduates were prepared for the workforce, largely because most graduates were unable to apply their knowledge to solve real-world problems.\n\nIn this context, answer the following questions:\n(a) What are the consequences of 'rote learning' on the educational development of young students in the country?\n(b) Suggest measures that can be taken to address this issue. (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"]]},{"i":974,"t":"Ishita Rathi","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1OjeHemfQyvlEKJzcnnFX8_zRDrLdEEsG/view","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) \"Once one knows what virtue is, it is impossible not to act virtuously.\" Do you agree with this point of view? Justify.","10","150"],[5,"b) Courage is what it takes to stand up and speak; courage is also what it takes to sit down and listen. What does courage mean to you? Explain with help of two examples from your life where you have acted courageously.","10","150"],[7,"Q.2) a) A good citizen may disagree with a democratically derived law, but should never carry the disagreement to open disobedience. How far do you agree with this statement? Discuss in Indian context.","10","150"],[9,"b) Persuasion and coercion both have their utility in shaping attitude, depending upon the necessity, urgency and context. Explain with examples.","10","150"],[11,"Q.3) a) What are the limitations of code of conduct in upholding integrity and probity in civil services? Do you think code of ethics can overcome these limitations?","10","150"],[13,"b) The professional role of a civil servant is very demanding that often creates deep cleavages between personal and professional life. In this context, discuss the importance of emotional intelligence for a civil servant.","10","150"],[15,"Q.4) a) Differentiate between the following:\n1. Envy and Jealousy\n2. Conscience and Consciousness.","10","150"],[17,"b) Which two values would you want every child born in the country to adopt so that it benefits all of the humanity? Justify your choices.","10","150"],[19,"Q.5) a) A manager gets work done through people but a real leader develops people through work. Bring out the difference between a manager and a leader. In your opinion, what are the important qualities of a leader and why leadership is considered an important quality of a civil servant?","10","150"],[21,"b) It is the work culture that makes the difference between a good place to work and a great place to work. Highlighting the features of work culture of government offices, explain what measures can be taken to improve it.","10","150"],[23,"Q.6) What does each of the following quotations mean to you?\na) \"No responsibility of the government is more fundamental than the responsibility of maintaining the higher standards of ethical behaviour.\" - John F. Kennedy (150 words, 10 marks)","10","150"],[25,"b) “We can never obtain peace in the outer world until we make peace with ourselves”. - Dalai Lama.","10","150"],[27,"c) \"There is no higher religion than human service. To work for the common good is the greatest creed.\" - Woodrow Wilson.","10","150"],[29,"Q.7) During the second wave of Covid-19, Amit, a resident of a posh metropolitan society, was desperately looking for Covid-19 vaccination slots for him and his wife. His wife is diabetic and also suffers from asthma. The government has started an online registration process for keeping a track of vaccination progress as well as maintaining transparency in vaccination allocation. However, the demand has out stripped the supply by a huge margin and it has become very difficult to get a slot booked for vaccination. Amit tried to register an online slot for himself and his wife but, like millions of others, he was unable to book a slot. He also visited all the health facilities near him and even requested government officials for vaccines, but to no avail. He knew that the chairman of his society, Mr. Chadda, is a politically connected man and could arrange the vaccines. When Amit approached Mr. Chadda, he told Amit that other members of the society had also approached him and he was trying to get vaccines for the entire society. After a few days, a camp has been set up in the society for free vaccination of all eligible members of the society. Amit decides to volunteer in the vaccination drive. While volunteering, he finds that the vaccine boxes have 'For Public Health Centre, Village Gumla' written on them. Amit understood that these vaccines are meant for a rural area but had been diverted to this society. He brings the matter to the notice of Mr. Chadda. Mr. Chadda tells Amit that he should not worry about the source of the vaccine and if he feels any guilt, he can skip the vaccination drive as it is a voluntary exercise. Amit knows that this is the only opportunity for him and his wife to get vaccines immediately. When Amit asks for his wife's opinion, she advises him to be thankful that Mr. Chadda has arranged the vaccines for them and that people in the villages are safer as villages are less congested. Amit is now in a conundrum over whether he should get vaccine shots for him and his wife that are meant for rural people. He is also not sure whether he should report the matter to government officials or not. Apart from facing danger of contracting Covid-19, the decision to report would also lead to many other old and vulnerable residents of the society to miss out on the vaccine. With reference to this case study:\na) Bring out and discuss the ethical dilemmas involved in this case.\nb) What is the best course of action for Amit? What ethical principles should he consider before taking any future action?","20","250"],[30,"a) इस मामले में शामिल नैतिक दुविधाओं को सामने लाएं और उन पर चर्चा करें।\nb) अमित के लिए कार्रवाई का सबसे अच्छा तरीका क्या है? भविष्य में कोई कार्रवाई करने से पहले उसे किन नैतिक सिद्धांतों पर विचार करना चाहिए?\na) इस मामले में शामिल नैतिक दुविधाओं को सामने लाएं और उन पर चर्चा करें।\nb) अमित के लिए कार्रवाई का सबसे अच्छा तरीका क्या है? भविष्य में कोई कार्रवाई करने से पहले उसे किन नैतिक सिद्धांतों पर विचार करना चाहिए?","20 अंक","250 शब्द"],[34,"Q.8 Satish owns an ad agency which is doing very good in terms of revenue and online ratings. The creative and innovative working environment has led to a good reputation of the new company and Satish is anticipating a few big contracts from potential clients in near future. Satish attributes the success of his new agency to his very capable creative director who is instrumental in designing the content of his company's work. One day, Satish received a completed advertisement from his creative director for a daily consumer product. Satish as well as the concerned client were very impressed with the content and congratulated the creative director for his work and approved it to be launched.\nHowever, after a few days of the launch of the advertisement, Satish started receiving threats from a particular section of the community to withdraw the advertisement as it, according to them, had hurt their religious sentiments. Although Satish himself approved the advertisement, now there is pressure from an influential political leader of the concerned community to remove the creative director for offending the religious sentiments of the community. Satish is threatened of dire consequences if he does not remove the creative director. The situation has left Satish stressed and very worried as the threats through calls and messages are targeted towards his family members as well. More so the advertisement is receiving immense online trolling on popular social media platforms like Twitter, Facebook etc. Morphed pictures of Satish are being circulated in the social media platforms and he fears that the same might be done with his family members.\nThis whole incident has caused Satish great psychological and emotional strain. His ad agency depends a lot on social media platforms for marketing and the massive amount of trolling is bringing a very bad name to his agency, thus significantly reducing the ratings and business credibility of his new firm. He has also received information from an executive of a big company that his contract for making a series of promotional videos and advertisements could be cancelled as the company does not want to associate with him due to the current controversy. Satish was counting on this project and its cancellation will lead him towards a considerable financial loss. As a concerned owner Satish consulted his legal team which advised him to withdraw the advertisement even though there was nothing legally imprudent in the content in order to save the image and retain the clients of the firm. They also informally advised Satish to agree to the demands of removing the creative director in order to placate the angry members of the community. Satish as a young entrepreneur has always supported independent thinking and creative content and finds himself in a dilemma.\na) You are a friend of Satish and he turns to you for counsel in this difficult situation. Help him identify various ethical issues involved in this situation and suggest to him the most suitable course of action.\nb) ‘Censorship by voice and defamation’ on social media has become a disturbing scenario. What according to you motivates the social media users to engage in online bullying?","20","250"],[35,"a) आप सतीश के मित्र हैं और वह इस कठिन परिस्थिति में परामर्श के लिए आपके पास आता है। इस स्थिति में शामिल विभिन्न नैतिक मुद्दों की पहचान करने में उसकी मदद करें और उसे कार्रवाई का सबसे उपयुक्त तरीका सुझाएं।\nb) सोशल मीडिया पर 'ध्वनि और मानहानि द्वारा सेंसरशिप' एक परेशान करने वाला परिदृश्य बन गया है। आपके अनुसार सोशल मीडिया उपयोगकर्ताओं को ऑनलाइन बुलिंग में शामिल होने के लिए क्या प्रेरित करता है?\na) आप सतीश के मित्र हैं और वह इस कठिन परिस्थिति में परामर्श के लिए आपके पास आता है। इस स्थिति में शामिल विभिन्न नैतिक मुद्दों की पहचान करने में उसकी मदद करें और उसे कार्रवाई का सबसे उपयुक्त तरीका सुझाएं।\nb) सोशल मीडिया पर 'ध्वनि और मानहानि द्वारा सेंसरशिप' एक परेशान करने वाला परिदृश्य बन गया है। आपके अनुसार सोशल मीडिया उपयोगकर्ताओं को ऑनलाइन बुलिंग में शामिल होने के लिए क्या प्रेरित करता है?","20 अंक","250 शब्द"],[37,"1 Reason for online bullying","",""],[39,"Q.9) In such a complex situation, what will be your response? Examine the qualities of a public servant which will be required to manage the situation.","20","250"],[40,"ऐसी जटिल स्थिति में आपकी क्या प्रतिक्रिया होगी? एक सिविल सेवक के उन गुणों का परीक्षण कीजिए जो स्थिति को प्रबंधित करने के लिए आवश्यक होंगे।","20 अंक","250 शब्द"],[44,"Q.10 Kuldeep is an honest senior officer working in Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB) in one of the states in Western India. The state has been in news for a trend of increasing drug usage among the youth. One day, he received a tip-off regarding a drug party. He conducted a raid and detained all the persons present on the venue. One of the detainees was Raghav, the son of a wealthy and politically connected businessman. He was in an intoxicated state and misbehaved with the NCB personnel on duty, warning them of dire consequences for detaining him. During frisking, Raghav was found to be in possession of contraband drugs. He was arrested and this news went viral on social media.\nSoon after the arrest, Kuldeep received a call from his senior who asked Kuldeep to apprise him of the case. During the conversation his senior dropped a subtle hint that as Raghav is a well-connected individual, going after him could be a career damaging case for Mr. Kuldeep and he should quietly settle the case for his own good. Kuldeep understood that his senior wanted him to drop charges against Raghav and set him free. However, Kuldeep has decided to pursue the case and follow the law.\nFew days after the arrest, a case was filed by Raghav's father alleging that Kuldeep has asked for money in return of dropping case against his son. Some people on social media have raised doubt on educational qualification of Kuldeep and few have made even distasteful remarks on his personal life. These allegations were widely covered in electronic media putting Kuldeep and his entire family under immense psychological pressure. In response to the allegations, the government has setup an inquiry panel to look into the matter. The inquiry panel promptly seeks Kuldeep's explanation.\nSome of the options available with Kuldeep to handle this situation could be as follows:\na) Kuldeep can present his case to the inquiry panel and go soft on the investigation of the case.\nb) Kuldeep can present his case to the inquiry panel and continue firmly with the case.\nc) Kuldeep can ignore the inquiry panel and directly approach the media with the case findings and his side of the story.\n Suggest any other possible option(s) that can be availed by Kuldeep. Evaluate all of them and suggest the best course of action, giving reasons for it.","20","250"],[45,"कुलदीप के पास उपलब्ध कुछ विकल्प इस प्रकार हो सकते हैं :\na) कुलदीप अपना मामला जांच पैनल के सामने पेश कर सकते हैं और मामले की जांच में नरमी बरत सकते हैं।\nb) कुलदीप अपना मामला जांच पैनल के सामने पेश कर सकते हैं और मामले को मजबूती से जारी रख सकते हैं।\nc) कुलदीप जांच पैनल की अनदेखी कर सकते हैं और मामले के निष्कर्षों और कहानी के अपने पक्ष के साथ सीधे मीडिया से संपर्क कर सकते हैं।\nकिसी अन्य संभावित विकल्प का सुझाव दें जिसका कुलदीप द्वारा लाभ उठाया जा सकता है। उन सभी का मूल्यांकन करें और इसके लिए कारण बताते हुए कार्रवाई का सर्वोत्तम तरीका सुझाएं।","20 अंक","250 शब्द"],[49,"Q.11 Swikriti is a famous NGO working towards providing healthcare to the needy and homeless. In the past, it had been instrumental in extension of government health schemes to the villages and hinterlands. Its record for bona fide public service is well recognized across the globe. For its zealous service in the field of health care, its owner, Karamveer, a Lok Sabha MP, has been awarded the prestigious Ramon Magsaysay award. When a deadly disease engulfed the country recently, Swikriti, was one of the pioneers in aiding the public through providing essential medicines, ration supply and arranging hospital beds for the patients in need. The owner of Swikriti was personally overseeing the relief work in his constituency where the disease was particularly destructive. He was informed by one of his assistants that a majority of people in his constituency are socio-economically backward and could not afford the expensive medicines required to control the disease. He was exhorted to leverage the resources of his NGO to ensure a stable supply of medicine to his people. It would, he was told, not only be an act of public service, but could also be very helpful for his political career as the next round of Lok Sabha elections were just round the corner. Karamveer saw this as an opportunity to help the needy in his constituency, and accordingly decided to distribute the medicines for the disease free of cost. On the directions of Karamveer, the director of the NGO purchased two million packets of the essential medicine. The medicines were stocked in the office premises of the Swikriti and were earmarked to be distributed in Karamveer's Lok Sabha constituency. The bulk purchase of the medicine, however, caused a supply shortage in the market and the medicine became out of reach for many seriously ill patients outside Karamveer's constituency. The supply shortage was a factor in creating a condition of panic and caused severe stress to the patients. After the news of drug shortage reached the media, a complaint was filed at the drug controller's office. An investigation was conducted and it was found that Swikriti and its owner were prima facie guilty of violating the provisions of Drugs and Cosmetics Act. Beside depriving the people outside his constituency their right to purchase the medicine, Swikriti and its owner were found to be illegally purchasing, stocking and distributing it. Swikriti in an official statement said that though it violated the provisions of a statute its intentions were bona fide and it was driven not by a motive of profit but to help the poor and needy. Evidence also suggested that free distribution of X in Karamveer's constituency helped save lives of many economically backward people who otherwise could not have afforded the medicine. The whole incident was widely circulated in the social media platform and the users were divided in their opinion. While one section applauded the act of Swikriti, for serving the poor and needy, the other criticized it for illegally hoarding essential medicine and causing a state of panic in the city. You are the drug controller and are appointed by the court to investigate the case. There are two options before you:\na) You ought to take a broader view of the situation and will act leniently, as the act was not motivated by concerns for profit and has helped save lives of the poor and needy.\nb) Pursue the matter strictly in spirit of the Drug and Cosmetics Act, which has provision for both jail and fine, as the incident was illegal and caused panic in the people.\nmain_question As the drug controller, which course of action will you opt for and why?","20","250"],[53,"Q.12 A social experiment \"slap her\" was conducted to evaluate the attitude of boys in the age group 6-13 years towards violence against women. Experiment started with simple questions where boys were asked their name, aspirations and dreams. Then a girl of their age was introduced to them and a casual conversation was facilitated between boys and girls. During the experiments, boys were instructed to engage in simple activities like hand shaking, high fiving etc. with girls. In the end, boys were asked to slap the girl. Upon hearing the instruction boys looked confused initially, but ultimately all the boys refused to slap the girl. The experiments showed that at a younger age, boys believed that it was wrong for them to hit another person, especially a girl. This experiment also suggested that violence against women is not something that comes naturally to boys. However, this attitude changes drastically as boys grow up to be adults. Data from the National Family Health Survey-4 revealed that for the entire country, 42% of men think that a husband was justified in hitting or beating his wife. A more worrying trend was that an even larger portion, 52%, of women believe that it was acceptable for them to be hit by their husbands. National Crime Record Bureau (NCRB) data shows an increasing trend of domestic violence against women in the country. Further, the Covid-19 induced lockdowns brought a shadow pandemic for women where they were exposed to higher degree of domestic violence. Based on the above observations, answer the following questions:\na) Why does the attitude of boys change towards girls when they grow up?\nb) What explains the higher acceptance of domestic violence among women than men?\nc) What can be done to bring desirable changes in the attitude of society towards women?","20","250"],[54,"आप ड्रग कंट्रोलर हैं और मामले की जांच के लिए कोर्ट ने आपको नियुक्त किया है। आपके सामने दो विकल्प हैं:\na) आपको स्थिति के बारे में व्यापक दृष्टिकोण रखना चाहिए और नरमी से कार्य करना चाहिए, क्योंकि कार्य लाभ के लिए चिंताओं से प्रेरित नहीं था और इसने गरीबों और जरूरतमंदों के जीवन को बचाने में मदद की है।\nb) ड्रग एंड कॉस्मेटिक्स एक्ट की भावना से मामले का सख्ती से पालन करें, जिसमें जेल और जुर्माना दोनों का प्रावधान है, क्योंकि यह घटना अवैध थी और लोगों में दहशत फैल गई थी।\nc) ड्रग कंट्रोलर के रूप में आप कौन-सी कार्रवाई चुनेंगे और क्यों?","20 अंक","250 शब्द"]]},{"i":414,"t":"Ishita Sharma","c":"Forumias","p":"Essay","y":2025,"r":268,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/ISHITA-SHARMAUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-268-Sample-ESSAY-COPY-1.pdf","q":[[3,"1. Men are taught to apologize for their weaknesses, women for their strengths.\n2. Power is not about dominating others; it's about empowering others.\n3. Dissent is the foundation of democracy.\n4. AI is the new electricity.","",""],[5,"What is AI: Basics & the buzz","",""]]},{"i":415,"t":"Ishita Sharma","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2025,"r":268,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/ISHITA-SHARMAUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-268-Sample-MGP-COPY-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) The contributions of the “founding mothers” of the Indian Republic are often under-acknowledged, yet they are crucial to understanding the evolution of gender-sensitive constitutional jurisprudence. Elaborate.","10","150"],[4,"Q.8 The increasing elderly population in India faces numerous challenges, highlighting the need for a comprehensive policy framework to manage this demographic transition. Analyse.","10","150"],[5,"Q.15 “Rape is a rape; it cannot be condoned on the basis of the marital relationship between the victim and the accused.” In light of the statement, throw light on the ongoing debate regarding the criminalization of marital rape.","15","250"],[6,"Q1. The foundation of modern day gender sensitive constitutional jurisprudence was laid down during freedom movement itself.","",""],[8,"Q2. How it has helped accommodate diverse regional needs:-\n1 Reorganization of states as per regional demands (eg Vishal Andhra Movement)","",""],[10,"Q3. Collegium system was laid down in 2nd judges case & expanded in 4th judges case.","",""],[12,"Q4. 'socialist' & 'secular' terms in preamble, as the defining character of Indian republic, were added by 42nd Amendment, 1976. However, even before, they were a part of ideals of constitution.","",""],[18,"Q7. How these can improve access to preventive & promotive healthcare:-\ni) Mass based targeting - Direct reach to beneficiaries\neg) Cervical cancer vaccine for adolescent girls","",""],[33,"Q14. \"Every saint has a past & every sinner has a future.\" - Oscar Wilde\n\nClemency powers refer to the pardoning powers vested in President for entertaining mercy pleas.\n\nDifference between Indian President vs President\n1) can grant pardons for death penalty for union as well as state laws.\n2) can entertain mercy petitions only from convicts. [Art 72]\n3) No provision of pre-emptive pardon.\n4) Not a discretionary\n1) can only grant it for federal laws.\n2) can grant clemency at any stage of litigation, not just after conviction.\n3) can grant pre-emptive pardon.","",""],[34,"Vesting of clemency powers in executive :-\nA) Rightful :-","",""],[36,"Q15. Debate on marital rape\nA Arguments in favour of its criminalization :-","",""],[38,"6 (B) Arguments Against its criminalization\n1 GoI has submitted in SC :- \"it can destabilize the institution of marriage\".\n2 It can become a tool of harassment of husband.\n3 Amount to violation of privacy (u/a 19 & 21).\n4 Difficult to prosecute - how to collect evidence / witness etc.","",""],[48,"Q19. India as diverse country & civilizational state - is part of various mini-lateral which are agenda & region specific. BRICS & QUAD are two such groupings.\nDifferent priorities of these:","",""]]},{"i":416,"t":"Ishita Sharma","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2025,"r":268,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/ISHITA-SHARMAUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-268-Sample-MGP-COPY-2.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) Legislation like Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe (Prevention of Atrocities) Act 1989 remains mere legal documents without intense sensitization of public functionaries and the civil society. Discuss.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Discuss the role of the Aspirational Districts Programme (ADP) in achieving the twin objectives of enabling balanced growth and checking stressed migration. Explain how the Aspirational Blocks Programme (ABP) builds on ADP to further achieve these objectives.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) University Grants Commission (UGC) has recently announced regulations for establishment and operation of campuses by foreign universities in India. In this context, discuss the benefits and challenges associated with the entry and operation of foreign higher educational institutions in the country.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) Bring out the potential opportunities of telemedicine in India. Also, elaborate on the challenges in this regard.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5 \"Besides being a moral imperative of a Welfare State, primary health structure is a necessary precondition for sustainable development.\" Analyse.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6 Assess the performance of MGNREGA in generation of sustainable employment and creation of durable assets in rural India. Do you agree with the view that there is need to replicate this model in urban areas in form of an Urban Employment Guarantee scheme?","15","250"],[16,"Q.7 \"Digital interventions can significantly bridge the learning gaps and improve outcomes in the educational system of the country, but it comes with its own set of challenges\". Comment.","15","250"],[19,"Q.8 The various developmental initiatives by the government have fallen short of achieving their intended objectives. Is it a design issue or an implementation bottleneck? Suggest measures to improve the effectiveness of developmental schemes.","15","250"],[22,"Q.9) \"The fight against poverty is at the core of the Sustainable Development Goals\". In this context, highlight the interlinkages between poverty alleviation and various SDGs. Also, assess the effectiveness of the measures taken by the government for achieving the same.","15","250"],[25,"Q.10) The Jal Jeevan Mission aims to provide safely managed drinking water, promising significant intergenerational benefits; however, ensuring the mission's success is not without challenges. Elucidate.","15","250"]]},{"i":417,"t":"Ishitwa Anand","c":"Vision","p":"Essay","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/1ba88-45885442_4514_ishitwa_anand_rank_50.pdf","q":[[5,"Write two essays, choosing one topic from each of the Sections A and B, in about 1000-1200 words each :\n1. You may have to fight a battle more than once to win it.\n2. In matters of conscience, the law of the majority has no place.\n3. He who opens a school door, closes a prison.\n4. Only in the depths of winter can we truly appreciate the warmth of spring.\n5. We cannot always build the future for our youth, but we can build our youth for the future.\n6. Copying is safe; innovation demands courage.\n7. The more we automate, the more human we must become.\n8. The pursuit of instant validation is creating a generation of restless minds.","125 x 2 = 250","1000-1200 words each"],[6,"1. You may have to fight a battle more than once to win it.\n2. In matters of conscience, the law of the majority has no place.\n3. He who opens a school door, closes a prison.\n4. Only in the depths of winter can we truly appreciate the warmth of spring.","",""],[30,"1) Why future can be build? Challenges it causes\n2) Agents of future developers\n3) Building youth for one future\n4) How to build?","",""],[32,"1) What is winter? How does winter lead us to craving for warmth?\n2) What factors lead to such winters? Why do we wait till such days?\n3) The craving & appreciation for warmth.\n4) Why appreciation for warmth arises?\n5) Warmth of spring: season of -\n6) Appreciation only in silence dawns.\n7) A contemporary of winter. Not true spring it is important to appreciate.\n8) One who does not wait for the depths & appreciates the warmth within reason leads to sustainability.\n9) Climate change / Norwegian model / Indian judiciary - Mission Life of social welfare - by India - 1) A keen eye / 2) Value inclusion - what is needed.","",""]]},{"i":419,"t":"Ishitwa Anand","c":"Vision","p":"GS1","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/ecad8-45885442_4510_ishitwa_anand_rank_50.pdf","q":[[6,"1. Folk music serves as a repository of the cultural identity. Discuss the role of folk music in preserving cultural heritage and promoting social cohesion. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[8,"2. How does the Vesara style of temple architecture represent a synthesis of the Nagara and Dravida styles? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[10,"3. Discuss the role played by Indians living abroad in advancing the cause of India's freedom struggle. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[12,"4. How did the Marshall Plan influence the economic recovery and political stability of post-war Europe? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[14,"5. Discuss the factors responsible for increased cyclonic activity in the Arabian Sea. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"6. How can technological interventions help in transforming the textile sector in India? What are the initiatives that the government has taken in this regard? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[18,"7. What is a seiche and how does it form? Discuss the geographical conditions under which seiches are most likely to occur. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[20,"8. How has rapid urbanisation affected the socio-cultural landscape of peri-urban regions in India? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[22,"9. Examine the role of historical and socio-political factors in driving communalism in Indian politics. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[24,"10. Globalization has significantly influenced the aspirations, lifestyle, and value systems of Indian youth. Discuss with suitable examples. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[26,"11. Examine how Chandragupta-II's reign symbolised a golden age of cultural development, laying the foundation for future advancements in Indian art and literature. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[29,"12. Evaluate the intended and unintended consequences of British educational policies for the Indian society in the colonial period. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[32,"13. India's territorial disputes after independence were not merely about borders, but also encompass issues of national identity, historical grievances, and geopolitical strategies. Discuss. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[35,"14. Discuss the geographical conditions responsible for the development of shola forests in the upper reaches of the Western Ghats. Highlight their ecological significance.","15","Answer in 250"],[38,"15. Discuss the potential of natural hydrogen as a fuel to meet growing global energy demands? Why is it still an untapped industry? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[41,"16. Why is there a shift of labour-intensive industries from China to South and Southeast Asia? Discuss the advantages and challenges for India in this context. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[44,"17. Explain the socio-economic transformations resulting from women's migration to metropolitan areas in India. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[47,"18. The institution of marriage in India is increasingly becoming a site of conspicuous consumption and commodification. Critically examine the impact of this commercialisation on social equity and gender relations.","15","Answer in 250"],[49,"#1 Impact on Gender Relations","",""],[50,"19. Analyse how recognizing, reducing, and redistributing care work can foster gender equality and promote inclusive development in India. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[53,"20. Discuss the changing nature of family structures in urban India. How is it impacting elderly care and socialization of the youth? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"]]},{"i":420,"t":"Ishitwa Anand","c":"Vision","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/0e149-45885442_4511_ishitwa_anand_rank_50.pdf","q":[[6,"1. How does the Supreme Court’s recent decision on Aligarh Muslim University’s minority status affect the interpretation of Article 30 of the Indian Constitution? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[7,"# Affect the Interpretation of Article 30:\n(a) Article 30: Minority groups can establish and administer any educational institution. Benefit? If not aided by state, then not required to implement its policies.\n(b) The Supreme Court's interpretation is a step towards upholding minority rights - it will have a positive cascading effect.\n(c) As per Supreme Court - the nature of administration matters while declaring it a minority institution & if by minorities then it is a minority institution.\n(d) Free from Reservation policies - in TMA Pai foundation case and Pramati Education Trust case.","",""],[8,"2. The Supreme Court, in a recent verdict, prescribed a time period for the Governor's assent to state legislative bills. What are the implications of this judgment for cooperative federalism and legislative accountability in India? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[10,"3. Discuss the recent changes and initiatives related to cooperatives that aim to smoothen the tussle between the Centre and States in the cooperative sector. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[12,"4. In recent years, use of social media and digital mobilisation by civil society has emerged as a powerful form of pressure politics. Examine its impact on policymaking and democratic accountability.","10","Answer in 150"],[13,"1 Impact on Policymaking and democratic accountability","",""],[14,"5. How is Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) emerging as a business-led solution for addressing development challenges in India? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"6. Discuss how mechanisms like public consultations and Jan Sunwais in India impact governance outcomes. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[18,"7. How effective have the National Action Plan for Drug Demand Reduction (NAPDDR) and Nasha Mukt Bharat Abhiyaan been in addressing substance abuse in India? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[20,"8. Rote learning and neglect of creativity in foundational education setup in India make it less ready for marketplaces that are now driven by Artificial Intelligence. Do you agree with this view? Substantiate your argument.","10","150"],[22,"9. Analyze the transformation of the G7 from a symbol of Western strategic unity to a forum marked by internal contradictions. How should India navigate this changing dynamic to advance its strategic interests? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[24,"10. Discuss the role of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in the development of developing countries. What are the key criticisms associated with its approach? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[26,"11. The 103rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 2019 has introduced a new dimension to the principle of affirmative action in India. Critically examine its implications for the broader goal of social justice. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[29,"12. The District Planning Committee (DPC) was envisioned as a key instrument to strengthen grassroots-level planning. How far has it succeeded in achieving this goal? Discuss the challenges faced by DPCs and suggest measures to make them more effective.","15","Answer in 250"],[32,"13. The restrictions imposed under Article 293 of the Constitution on State borrowing powers, though constitutionally valid, may hinder fiscal autonomy of States and disrupt cooperative federalism. Discuss in the light of recent developments. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[35,"14. Examine the tension between the right to contest elections and the need to uphold electoral ethics under the Representation of the People Act. Should there be a lifetime ban on convicted criminals? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[37,"Should there be a lifetime ban?","",""],[38,"15. To what extent has the Beti Bachao Beti Padhao (BBBP) scheme, launched in 2015, succeeded in addressing the declining child sex ratio and empowering the girl child? Suggest measures to enhance its impact at the grassroots level.","15","250"],[41,"16. Self-Help Groups (SHGs) are emerging as vehicles of socio-economic transformation in rural India. Examine the role of government in scaling their reach and effectiveness.","15","250"],[44,"17. Despite economic growth, multidimensional poverty continues to persist in India. Analyse the underlying causes and discuss the measures taken by the government to address them. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[47,"18. India faces a paradox of food surplus and nutritional deficit. Analyse the structural reasons behind this paradox and suggest reform strategies. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[49,"#1 Reform strategies needed","",""],[50,"19. India's timely response during the economic crises in Sri Lanka and the Maldives reflects its \"Neighbourhood First\" policy in action. Examine how Indian aid has impacted bilateral ties with these nations. What steps can further be taken to promote sustainable economic cooperation in the Indian Ocean region? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[53,"20. Discuss the geostrategic significance of Afghanistan for India in the context of continental connectivity and access to Central Asia. How has the altered political landscape post-2021 affected India's connectivity and energy corridor ambitions? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"]]},{"i":421,"t":"Ishitwa Anand","c":"Vision","p":"GS3","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/e5ef3-45885442_2930_ishitwa_anand_rank_50.pdf","q":[[6,"1. How is the rapid growth of the food processing industry leading to food safety challenges in India? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[8,"2. Under the Public Distribution System of India, the Fair Price Shop (FPS) transformation is an evolving process. Discuss. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[10,"3. How are agri-tech startups in India helping farmers in enhancing farm productivity and market access? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[12,"4. Discuss the role of digitization of land records in the effective implementation of land reforms in India. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[14,"5. To fully exploit its demographic dividend and accelerate economic growth, India needs to adopt a manufacturing-led growth model. Discuss.","10","150"],[16,"6. How can the resilience of Indian coastal communities be strengthened to tackle the growing natural hazards resulting from climate change? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[18,"7. How does the Green Credit Programme extend beyond carbon management to promote a more sustainable environment in India? What are the various concerns about its implementation? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[20,"8. What is the need for NavIC when existing satellite navigation systems are already available?","10","150"],[22,"9. Cyber-enabled financial crime has emerged as the new frontier of global money laundering. Discuss. How can the government address this issue? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[23,"4 How can Government address","",""],[24,"10. The Indian Army is observing the year 2024 as the 'Year of Technology Absorption'. In light of this, explain why there is a need for technology absorption in the defence sector of India. What challenges can India face in this initiative? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[26,"11. What are the issues faced in the development of trade and industries in the North-Eastern Region (NER) of India? Comment on the measures that have been taken to tackle these issues. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[29,"12. In the era of climate change and growing water scarcity, how can micro-irrigation systems contribute to sustainable agricultural practices in India? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[32,"13. What strategies can be adopted to overcome the issues pertaining to freight transportation in the Indian Railways and increase its share in the domestic freight? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[35,"14. Discuss the factors that have aided India in making impressive strides in the renewable energy sector and establishing itself as a frontrunner in the global renewable energy transition. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[38,"15. How does agricultural runoff containing fertilizers and pesticides contribute to environmental pollution? What measures can be taken to mitigate the impact of agricultural runoff? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[41,"16. The growing influx of tourists in Himalayan states has breached their ecological carrying capacity, leading to significant man-made disasters. What measures can be implemented to prevent such disasters while promoting sustainable tourism? Discuss with relevant examples.","15","Answer in 250"],[44,"17. How do superconductors fuel innovation in diverse fields of science and technology? Illustrate with examples. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[47,"18. While India has laws covering almost all types of intellectual property rights, numerous enforcement, regulatory and administrative challenges hamper the commercialisation of IPRs in India. Elaborate.","15","250"],[50,"19. Keeping in view the challenges in creating integrated theatre commands, examine how the theaterisation of commands can lead to greater integration and rationalisation of manpower and resources among the three services.","15","Answer in 250"],[51,"4 How can integration help","",""],[53,"0. Treating border villages as first villages not just geographically but also in terms of facilities can be a key strategy for enhancing border security. Discuss. Also, highlight the measures being taken by the government in this regard. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[54,"2 What is government doing?","",""]]},{"i":418,"t":"Ishitwa Anand","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/b74e6-45885442_4513_ishitwa_anand_rank_50.pdf","q":[[6,"1. (a) Compassion is the courageous choice to feel another's suffering as one's own, and to act upon it, even when silence is safer and indifference is easier. Examine the significance of compassion as an essential ethical value for civil servants in India. Illustrate your answer with suitable examples.","10","150"],[8,"1. (b) Marriages in India are transitioning from traditional sacramental unions to more autonomous relationships, reflected in live-in relationships and rising divorce rates. Discuss the ethical dimensions of these changes. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[9,"#1 Ethical Dimensions of these changes","",""],[10,"2. (a) While accountability often necessitates documentation, an overemphasis on bureaucratic procedures and excessive paperwork can inadvertently silence the very voices that public policy intends to empower, particularly at the grassroots. Examine the above statement with suitable illustrations.","10","150"],[12,"2. (b) The principle of impartiality may conflict with the need for compassion towards marginalized communities. Discuss in the context of civil services in India.","10","150"],[14,"3 (a) What do each of the following quotations mean to you?\n(a) \"The strength of a nation derives from the integrity of the home.\" - Confucius (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"3. (b) \"Act only according to that maxim through which you can at the same time will that it become a universal law.\" - Immanuel Kant (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[18,"3. (c) “We are not only responsible for what we do, but also for what we fail to do\" - Molière.","10","Answer in 150"],[20,"4. (a) Patriotism encourages ethical questioning, while nationalism often suppresses it. Discuss this statement in light of the formation of political attitudes during high-pressure national events. How can individuals develop moral attitudes that balance national interest with ethical reasoning? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[22,"4. (b) Discuss how employee well-being and fairness can be balanced with efficiency and profitability in private organisations. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[24,"5. (a) Do you agree that excessive use of social media and emerging AI technologies may lead to a decline in emotional regulation and moral sensitivity among adolescents? Justify your answer.","10","150"],[26,"5. (b) In light of the increasing incidents of suicides among students in India, discuss how Emotional Intelligence (EI) can aid in managing stress and emotional challenges.","10","150"],[28,"6. (a) In public service, emotional intelligence is not about suppressing emotion, but mastering its purpose — to connect, to de-escalate, and to uplift others with empathy and strength. Do you agree with this view? Discuss.","10","150"],[30,"6. (b) An efficient work culture is built not only on rules, but on shared values. In this context, evaluate the role of leadership and team dynamics in transforming work culture within an organization.","10","150"],[32,"7 You are posted as the Joint Secretary in the Department of Information Technology of a state. The government recently implemented several citizen-centric digital services, collecting large volumes of personal data from residents. The Digital Personal Data Protection (DPDP) Act, 2023, requires that such data be processed only with explicit and informed consent, and mandates that processing must cease immediately upon withdrawal of consent.\n\nDuring an internal audit, you discover that the department continues to process and analyze personal data of several citizens even after they have formally withdrawn their consent. This data is being used for policy analytics and service improvement, purposes not explicitly disclosed at the time of data collection. When you bring this to the attention of your department head, you are informed that halting the processing will disrupt ongoing digital initiatives and may affect state-level performance metrics. Moreover, you find that the consent withdrawal process is cumbersome, and many citizens are unaware of their rights under the DPDP Act.\n\nYou also learn that a prominent social activist is planning to file a complaint with the Data Protection Board against involuntary use of personal data, which could attract public scrutiny and legal action against the department.\n(a) Identify and discuss the ethical issues involved in this case.\n(b) What are the potential consequences for the department if the issue is not addressed transparently?\n(c) How would you balance the need for efficient public service delivery with the obligation to protect citizens’ data rights? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[37,"8 You are an IAS officer, currently serving as the Secretary of the Public Works Department in a hill state. Recently, a disturbing incident has come to light involving a senior Cabinet Minister and two engineers of the National Highways Authority of India (NHAI). During an inspection of a critical highway project, the Minister was allegedly seen on video physically assaulting and verbally abusing the engineers in full public view. The video, recorded by bystanders, went viral on social media and was widely covered by television channels, sparking both outrage and support from different sections of society. The Minister later defended his actions, alleging that the officials were corrupt, unresponsive to local grievances, and responsible for inordinate delays in the project. He insisted that his actions were driven by public frustration and the urgency of delivering infrastructure to a remote region. However, the engineers have filed a police complaint and written to their superiors, claiming they were targeted for resisting political pressure to award contracts to specific local contractors linked to the Minister. As the situation escalated, a union of NHAI engineers declared a strike.\n(a) इस प्रकरण में शामिल प्रमुख नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं? हितधारकों और उनके परस्पर विरोधी हितों की पहचान कीजिए।\n(b) लोक निर्माण विभाग के सचिव के रूप में, आप उपयुक्त स्थिति में क्या कार्रवाई करेंगे?\n(c) ऐसी घटनाएं सिविल सेवकों के मनोबल और शासन में जनता के विश्वास को कैसे प्रभावित करती हैं? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250"],[38,"(a) What are the key ethical issues involved in this situation? Identify the stakeholders and their conflicting interests.\n(b) As the Secretary of the PWD, what actions will you take in above situation?\n(c) How do such incidents affect the morale of civil servants and public trust in governance? (Answer in 250 words)\na) What are the key ethical issues involved in this situation? Identify the stakeholders and their conflicting interests.\nb) As the Secretary of the PWD, what actions will you take in above situation?\nc) How do such incidents affect the morale of civil servants and public trust in governance? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[42,"9 You are the Secretary in the Department of Personnel and Training (DoPT), Government of India. In recent years, an increasing number of civil servants, particularly younger officers from the IAS, IPS, and IRS, have begun maintaining personal YouTube channels and social media pages. On these platforms, they regularly post videos related to their official work — showcasing innovative projects, public outreach initiatives, inspection drives, and sometimes even day-to-day administrative duties.\n\nThese videos often receive widespread public attention, and many viewers express admiration, saying such content enhances transparency, motivates aspirants, and humanizes the bureaucracy. However, concerns have also emerged from various quarters. Senior officers argue that such content may blur the boundaries between personal branding and public service, while some citizens and media commentators point to instances where videos feature vulnerable beneficiaries without consent, raise concerns about misuse of official premises, or seem designed more for personal popularity than public accountability.\n\nYou have been asked to prepare a report, including disciplinary measures, to maintain a balance between public interest, institutional integrity, and changing modes of communication.\n(a) लोक सेवकों द्वारा अपने आधिकारिक कार्यों को सोशल मीडिया पर सार्वजनिक रूप से प्रदर्शित करने के कृत्यों में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों की पहचान कीजिए।\n(b) क्या ऐसी प्रयासें जागरूकता और प्रेरणा को प्रोत्साहित देती हैं या क्या ये अनामिता, तटस्थता और सामूहिक सेवा भावना के मूल्यों से समझौता करती हैं? अपना मत दीजिए।\n(c) सचिव के रूप में, लोक सेवकों की उत्तरदायित्व डिजिटल सहभागिता सुनिश्चित करने के लिए आप कौन-से मार्गदर्शक सिद्धांत और नीतिगत अनुशंसाएं सुझाएंगे? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250"],[43,"You have been asked to prepare a report with recommendations to balance public interest, institutional integrity, and evolving modes of communication.\n(a) Identify the ethical issues involved in civil servants publicly showcasing their official work on social media.\n(b) Do such practices promote awareness and motivation, or do they compromise the values of anonymity, neutrality, and collective service ethos? Give your opinion.\n(c) As the Secretary, what guiding principles and policy recommendations would you suggest to ensure responsible digital engagement by civil servants? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[47,"10 You are the Director of the National Bioethics Commission who is responsible for assessing the ethical feasibility and oversight of a nationwide gene sequencing program. The project named GeneFuture, aims to sequence the DNA of every newborn child and store it in a centralized national database. The objective is to identify genetic predispositions to serious diseases early in life, allowing for preventive treatment and personalized medicine. Over 100,000 babies have already been enrolled in the pilot phase of the program. The government claims that this move is a landmark step in public health advancement.\n\nHowever, collection of newborn genetic data raises significant ethical concerns, particularly around informed consent, which may not fully capture parents' understanding of the long-term risks involved. Once gathered, this sensitive data could be misused for purposes such as surveillance, insurance discrimination, or commercial marketing by third parties. Uncertainty over data ownership—whether it lies with the state, parents, or the individual as they mature—further complicates the issue. The involvement of private tech and pharmaceutical companies heightens fears of commercial exploitation, especially in the absence of clear mechanisms for individuals to withdraw consent or delete their genetic information upon reaching adulthood.\n(a) What are the ethical issues you perceive in the implementation of the GeneFuture program?\n(b) Identify the conflicting interests of different stakeholders in this case.\n(c) What guiding ethical principles would you recommend for implementation of this project? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[52,"11 You are a dedicated District Health Officer (DHO) with a strong commitment to evidence-based public health practices, recently assigned to a remote district in India. Your immediate and most critical task is to lead a crucial district-wide Measles-Rubella (MR) vaccination drive, aimed at achieving 100% immunization coverage among children aged 9 months to 15 years. The success of this drive is vital for the collective health of thousands of children and for the district's overall health indicators, especially with the impending monsoon season posing additional health challenges.\n\nHowever, in one of the largest and most traditional villages in your district, you encounter formidable resistance. The villagers, deeply influenced by the pronouncements of a revered local\n(a) उपयुक्त प्रकरण में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\n(b) इस विरोध को शांत करने के लिए आपके पास तत्काल क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\n(c) अंधविश्वास के व्यापक प्रभाव को दूर करने और संधारणीय लोक स्वास्थ्य परिणामों हेतु वैज्ञानिक सोच को बढ़ावा देने के लिए आप कौन-सी दीर्घकालिक रणनीतियाँ और प्रणालीगत सुधारों का सुझाव देंगे? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250"],[53,"(a) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the above case.\n(b) What are the immediate options available to you to overcome this resistance?\n(c) What long-term strategies and systemic reforms would you suggest to address the pervasive influence of superstition and foster a scientific temperament for sustainable public health outcomes? (Answer in 250 words)\na) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the above case.\nb) What are the immediate options available to you to overcome this resistance?\nc) What long-term strategies and systemic reforms would you suggest to address the pervasive influence of superstition and foster a scientific temperament for sustainable public health outcomes?","20","250"],[57,"12. You are a highly motivated and principle-driven Gram Panchayat Secretary, recently posted in a large and socio-economically diverse village in a remote district. Your immediate and most critical task is the meticulous verification of beneficiaries for the 'Gramin Awas Yojana' – a flagship state housing scheme aimed at providing 'pucca' (brick) houses to the genuinely impoverished and landless households. The scheme is under tight deadlines, with funds\n(a) आपके समक्ष विद्यमान संभावित प्रशासनिक और नैतिक दुविधाएं क्या हैं?\n(b) आपके लिए उपलब्ध सभी विकल्पों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\n(c) आप अपने निर्णय का नैतिक औचित्य सिद्ध करते हुए कौन-सी व्यापक कार्यवाही करेंगे? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250"],[58,"(a) What are the potential administrative and ethical dilemmas you face?\n(b) Discuss all options available to you.\n(c) What comprehensive course of action would you choose to adopt, providing ethical justification for your decision? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"]]},{"i":977,"t":"Jagrati Awasthi","c":"Vision","p":"GS1","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1s87s3PyAzJJnwYMP0FSokC6kcn7DnQki/view","q":[[3,"1. (a) Man is not only a product of his environment but can also modify the environment. Do you agree with this view? Justify your answer with suitable examples.","10","150"],[5,"1. (b) Though it may seem that accountability and efficiency are antithetical to each other, accountability is a sine qua non for good governance. Discuss.","10","150"],[7,"2. (a) Gandhian ideals can be of immense help in dealing with the Covid-19 pandemic. Evaluate.","10","150"],[9,"2. (b) While civil servants have the legal right to undertake post-retirement jobs, it raises key ethical issues. Comment.","10","150"],[11,"3 Given below are quotations of moral thinkers/philosophers. Bring out what they mean to you in the present context:\n(a) Try not to become a man of success but rather try to become a man of value. Albert Einstein","10","150"],[13,"3. (b) Having knowledge of an unethical act and allowing it to continue can spread a contagion that can affect multiple beings in society. Bertrand Russell","10","150"],[15,"4. (a) When people use a common resource without a coordinated plan the result is often a tragedy of the commons in which the resource is depleted. In this context, discuss the various ethical challenges arising out of utilization of Global Commons.","10","150"],[17,"4. (b) While a code of conduct merely establishes minimal standards of conduct, a better strategy to promote ethical work culture is through internalization of values. Discuss.","10","150"],[19,"5. (a) A state that does not have the political will and the discipline to enforce probity in governance, can not get rid of the menace of prolonged corruption. Discuss.","10","150"],[21,"5. (b) India cannot march successfully in to the 21st century, with the administrative system having a colonial mindset. Discuss in context of the bureaucratic work culture in India.","10","150"],[23,"6. Which corporate leader has inspired you the most and what moral lessons have you learnt from their life?","10","150"],[25,"7. Increasing participation of people in governance and easy access to information is what transforms governance to good governance. Elaborate.","10","150"],[27,"8. It is sometimes believed that moral scrupulousness in one's private life automatically guarantees high moral stature in professional life. Do you agree? Justify your stand with logical arguments.","10","150"],[29,"9. You are working as a District Magistrate in an aspirational district where women literacy and sex ratio is one of the lowest in the country. It is brought to your notice that a woman who has been elected as 'Sarpanch' on a seat reserved for women candidates in a panchayat in your district is head 'only on the paper'. All the work related to the panchayat is actually carried out by her husband. Even the flag hoisting ceremony on Independence Day is carried out by her husband. However, her husband happens to be a good administrator as indicated by that panchayat's performance on various developmental parameters as compared to other panchayats in the district. Also, her husband enjoys the support of the local people. Given the situation, answer the following:\n(a) Identify the stakeholders and issues involved in this case?\n(b) What options are available to you as the District Magistrate in such a scenario? Also, evaluate each option and indicate what option will you choose.","20","in around 250"],[34,"10. The issues confronting humanity are multifaceted - from political conflicts and human rights abuses to pandemics and climate change. They are not contained within national borders, nor do they fit into the silos of separate government agencies or academic specialties. What is required is greater international cooperation, mutual respect, abiding by international laws and participative global decision-making. However, over the last decade, it has been observed that international relations have overshadowed these basic tenets of global governance and now we are at the verge of serious global catastrophic risks. When it comes to the structures of global governance, business as usual, is no longer an option. Not only an improvement in our understanding of risks is required but also taking responsibility to lead collective action for a coordinated global response.\n(a) What do you think are the factors hindering collective actions?\n(b) Provide a case for the moral obligation of the international community to come together and find solutions to the problems we face.\n(c) What should be the principles guiding such international cooperation?","20",""],[39,"11. You are posted as Superintendent of Police in a district. A case has come up in which more than 30 girls were allegedly raped and sexually exploited at the city shelter home run by an NGO. The scandal came to light when media flagged complaints of sexual abuse of inmates of the city shelter home. A nexus of police, politicians, administration and criminals have been allegedly responsible for the racket going on for the last few years. In light of this, a lot of protests have erupted across the city. While, on one hand, media glare has meant that people are demanding swift action, you have been asked to go slow in investigating the case by top officers in your department. Elections in the state are due in a few months, so it has become a politically sensitive issue. You are also under immense political pressure from the ruling party to not take strict action and make compromises to cover up the case. Given the situation, answer the following:\n(a) Identify the issues involved in the case.\n(b) What are the options available to you? Which of these options will you choose? Justify your stand with logical arguments.","20",""],[44,"12. Being the senior-most IAS officer, you are in line to be promoted as Chief Secretary after the incumbent retires in the next two months. Currently, you are heading the Public Works Department (PWD) and a road construction project worth crores has been opened for tender. A company X belonging to the son-in-law of the incumbent Chief Minister has also applied for the same. The director in charge of the screening process, a young IAS officer, has reported that company Y and the state PSU have submitted the best bids. Both you and the director are facing political pressure to favour the company X. The young IAS officer may be demoralised if you give in to the pressure. But if you don't give in then he may be transferred and your chances of promotion may also suffer. In light of the situation, answer the following:\n(a) Discuss the ethical issues faced by you in the given case.\n(b) What are the options available to you? Which of these options will you choose? Justify your stand with logical arguments.","20",""],[48,"what do I achieve?","",""],[49,"13. As the head of the Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV), you are tasked to complete the construction of a power plant. The project needs to be completed expeditiously to fulfil the promise made by the government to ensure access to power for all. The selected site is in a remote area and is ideal for plant construction. However, the project would require relocation of the people living in the vicinity. Initially, the local community objected to disruption in their lives but were convinced later about the economic benefits that would accrue to the region through this plant. The project had started gathering pace, but recently a local NGO working for environment protection got involved with the local community regarding the issue. And now the local community has started protesting against any developmental activity in the region. As the officer-in-charge for the speedy execution of the project, answer the following:\n(a) What are the issues involved in this case?\n(b) What course of action will you take and why?","20",""],[54,"14. Genetic editing has several applications with its potential to edit the genomes of both somatic and germ cells. This allows for the ability to not only cure genetic diseases but to edit the characteristics of future offspring. The last few years have seen the development of several efficient, more precise genetic engineering techniques. However, with growing sophistication, various issues of bioethics have also have come to the forefront.\n(a) Discuss the ethical considerations associated with genome editing.\n(b) In the light of these ethical issues, provide an ethical framework on how this technology can be used for the betterment of humanity.","20",""]]},{"i":975,"t":"Jagrati Awasthi","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1M8FmwFdT2UHmk9E9KysRrQPkHtiOgvp2/view","q":[[3,"1. (a) Administration discretion can be a blessing if used correctly, however its misuse can prove to be a curse. Discuss with examples.","10","150"],[5,"1. (b) There is a view that corrupt practices have been socially accepted in India. How can this 'acceptance' be shifted to 'rejection' towards corruption?","10","150"],[7,"2. (a) Ethical business practices are key for long-term survival of a company. Comment.","10","150"],[9,"2. (b) Law succeeds in encouraging ethical behaviour in a society only when it is backed by conscience of its individuals. Discuss.","10","150"],[11,"3. Given below are quotations of moral thinkers/philosophers. Bring out what they mean to you in the present context:\n(a) Our lives begin to end the day we become silent about things that matter. Martin Luther King Jr.","10","150"],[13,"3. (b) In law a man is guilty when he violates the rights of others, In ethics he is guilty if he only thinks of doing so. Immanuel Kant","10","150"],[15,"4. (a) What do you understand by Social Intelligence? Discuss its relation with the Emotional Intelligence of an individual.","10","150"],[17,"4. (b) While code of conduct presents a structure to organized values, code of ethics gives a foundation to that structure. Examine.","10","150"],[19,"5. (a) According to Buddhism, for a man to be perfect there are two qualities that he should develop equally: compassion (karuna) on one side, and wisdom (panna) on the other. Analyse.","10","150"],[21,"5. (b) The life of Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam presents a broad range of lessons and virtues to be learnt by public servants in India. Discuss.","10","150"],[23,"6. Identify which essential information should be made available to the public via Citizen's Charter? Also, suggest some steps for successful implementation of the Citizen's Charter.","10","150"],[25,"7. Respect for human rights and humanitarian principles is a responsibility for all members of the international community. Discuss in the context of roles and responsibilities of States for protection of refugees.","10","150"],[27,"8. What is red-tapism? Why is it considered a hurdle in the process of transitioning towards citizen centric governance?","10","150"],[29,"9. Given the rising tide of Covid induced fatalities, the government is under extreme pressure to deliver some vaccine to the population. You are the Cabinet Secretary to the Government of India. You are heading the committee to oversee the process of vaccine development and distribution to fight against the Covid outbreak in the country. You have been asked to expedite the process and come up with a solution at the earliest.\nSome vaccines are available around the globe, but they are in limited supply and also expensive. One of the indigenously developed vaccine has shown initial positive results, but health experts have raised concerns over its safety, efficacy and the methodology being followed for its approval. Other promising vaccines under development, following a rigorous methodology, may take months to enter the market. In this context:\n(a) What are the critical issues involved in the case?\n(b) Explain, with relevant reasons, the course of action that you would take.","20","in around 250"],[34,"10. Literacy levels have been increasing in India over the past few decades, and the literacy rate was found to be 74.04 per cent after the 2011 census. Though this increase in literacy rate seems like a very great accomplishment, it is a matter of concern that still so many people in India cannot even read and write. Children are going to school but not learning much beyond \"floor level tasks\". Moreover, the higher literacy level has not resulted in better human values and this is manifested in the troubled atmosphere in the society at large. This failure of the education system to reform human behavior is troubling for a young democracy, like India. Given this situation, answer the following:\n(a) What role is education expected to play in reforming human behaviour and inculcating human values?\n(b) Do you think only the government is responsible for this state of the education system? If not, identify the stakeholders who should press for a change in the education system in this regard.","20",""],[39,"11. Problems surrounding air pollution present an urgent challenge for many countries, including India. Among other reasons, this challenge has been exacerbated by the indifferent attitude of people towards it. Various studies have pointed out the harmful effects of air pollution. Despite the government bringing various regulations on activities like stubble burning and bursting fire crackers, people violate them.\n(a) Discuss the reasons behind such behaviour on part of society towards air pollution.\n(b) Suggest measures that are required to be undertaken to nudge people towards pro-environment behaviour.","20",""],[44,"12. In recent times, social media has emerged as an important platform for all to share their information and opinions. Many civil servants are also quite active on the social media. Given this situation, there have been calls to revise or update the Civil Services Conduct Rules.\nSuppose you are a senior IAS officer who is heading a panel set up by the government to bring suitable changes in the conduct rules. Elaborate on how you will respond to the following questions:\n(a) What are the issues with a civil servant expressing his/her views on social media on various matters?\n(b) Should criticism of government policies on social media by civil servants be allowed?\n(c) How should civil servants conduct themselves on social media?","20",""],[49,"13 Economic growth has been the primary goal of economic policies, and the principal measure of an economy's success. In the last few decades, economic growth benefitted mankind in multiple ways. But alongside these benefits, it has also generated significant issues and a series of converging challenges. In light of this, answer the following:\n(a) What was the rationale behind GDP growth being considered the pillar of economic policies the world over in the past few decades?\n(b) Explain the need to go beyond GDP growth and reassess our measures of development. Identify some of the components that need to be complemented with GDP growth going forward.","20",""],[50,"(b) However GDP growth has not led to inclusive growth and inequalities have sharply increased. Why beyond GDP?\ni) Unequal benefits to different sections","",""],[54,"14. The Covid-19 pandemic is far from over but governments across the world appear to have either relaxed lockdown parameters or will do so soon. Containing Covid and restoring our economies requires not just good policy decisions and medical advice; it also needs continued compliance with the recommended behavioural changes. Daunting as they may seem, the drastic changes in behaviour being called for, can indeed be brought about. Answer the following in this regard:\n(a) Why is behavioural change seen to be desirable in a country like India, when it is faced with a pandemic of the kind of Covid-19?\n(b) What role have different stakeholders in India been playing in helping communities adhere to the desired behaviour?\n(c) Discuss the challenges in bringing about behavioural change, particularly in such an environment of anxiety and uncertainties.","20",""]]},{"i":976,"t":"Jagrati Awasthi","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/119GgA9NGt8VLvUyhp8n5DJrLiptgAsEy/view","q":[[3,"1. (a) Administration discretion can be a blessing if used correctly, however its misuse can prove to be a curse. Discuss with examples.","10","150"],[5,"1. (b) There is a view that corrupt practices have been socially accepted in India. How can this 'acceptance' be shifted to 'rejection' towards corruption?","10","150"],[7,"2. (a) Ethical business practices are key for long-term survival of a company. Comment.","10","150"],[9,"2. (b) Law succeeds in encouraging ethical behaviour in a society only when it is backed by conscience of its individuals. Discuss.","10","150"],[11,"3. Given below are quotations of moral thinkers/philosophers. Bring out what they mean to you in the present context:\n(a) Our lives begin to end the day we become silent about things that matter. Martin Luther King Jr.","10","150"],[13,"3. (b) In law a man is guilty when he violates the rights of others, In ethics he is guilty if he only thinks of doing so. Immanuel Kant","10","150"],[15,"4. (a) What do you understand by Social Intelligence? Discuss its relation with the Emotional Intelligence of an individual.","10","150"],[17,"4. (b) While code of conduct presents a structure to organized values, code of ethics gives a foundation to that structure. Examine.","10","150"],[19,"5. (a) According to Buddhism, for a man to be perfect there are two qualities that he should develop equally: compassion (karuna) on one side, and wisdom (panna) on the other. Analyse.","10","150"],[21,"5. (b) The life of Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam presents a broad range of lessons and virtues to be learnt by public servants in India. Discuss.","10","150"],[23,"6. Identify which essential information should be made available to the public via Citizen's Charter? Also, suggest some steps for successful implementation of the Citizen's Charter.","10","150"],[25,"7. Respect for human rights and humanitarian principles is a responsibility for all members of the international community. Discuss in the context of roles and responsibilities of States for protection of refugees.","10","150"],[27,"8. What is red-tapism? Why is it considered a hurdle in the process of transitioning towards citizen centric governance?","10","150"],[29,"9. Given the rising tide of Covid induced fatalities, the government is under extreme pressure to deliver some vaccine to the population. You are the Cabinet Secretary to the Government of India. You are heading the committee to oversee the process of vaccine development and distribution to fight against the Covid outbreak in the country. You have been asked to expedite the process and come up with a solution at the earliest.\nSome vaccines are available around the globe, but they are in limited supply and also expensive. One of the indigenously developed vaccine has shown initial positive results, but health experts have raised concerns over its safety, efficacy and the methodology being followed for its approval. Other promising vaccines under development, following a rigorous methodology, may take months to enter the market. In this context:\n(a) What are the critical issues involved in the case?\n(b) Explain, with relevant reasons, the course of action that you would take.","20","in around 250"],[34,"10. Literacy levels have been increasing in India over the past few decades, and the literacy rate was found to be 74.04 per cent after the 2011 census. Though this increase in literacy rate seems like a very great accomplishment, it is a matter of concern that still so many people in India cannot even read and write. Children are going to school but not learning much beyond \"floor level tasks\". Moreover, the higher literacy level has not resulted in better human values and this is manifested in the troubled atmosphere in the society at large. This failure of the education system to reform human behavior is troubling for a young democracy, like India. Given this situation, answer the following:\n(a) What role is education expected to play in reforming human behaviour and inculcating human values?\n(b) Do you think only the government is responsible for this state of the education system? If not, identify the stakeholders who should press for a change in the education system in this regard.","20",""],[39,"11. Problems surrounding air pollution present an urgent challenge for many countries, including India. Among other reasons, this challenge has been exacerbated by the indifferent attitude of people towards it. Various studies have pointed out the harmful effects of air pollution. Despite the government bringing various regulations on activities like stubble burning and bursting fire crackers, people violate them.\n(a) Discuss the reasons behind such behaviour on part of society towards air pollution.\n(b) Suggest measures that are required to be undertaken to nudge people towards pro-environment behaviour.","20",""],[44,"12. In recent times, social media has emerged as an important platform for all to share their information and opinions. Many civil servants are also quite active on the social media. Given this situation, there have been calls to revise or update the Civil Services Conduct Rules.\nSuppose you are a senior IAS officer who is heading a panel set up by the government to bring suitable changes in the conduct rules. Elaborate on how you will respond to the following questions:\n(a) What are the issues with a civil servant expressing his/her views on social media on various matters?\n(b) Should criticism of government policies on social media by civil servants be allowed?\n(c) How should civil servants conduct themselves on social media?","20",""],[49,"13 Economic growth has been the primary goal of economic policies, and the principal measure of an economy's success. In the last few decades, economic growth benefitted mankind in multiple ways. But alongside these benefits, it has also generated significant issues and a series of converging challenges. In light of this, answer the following:\n(a) What was the rationale behind GDP growth being considered the pillar of economic policies the world over in the past few decades?\n(b) Explain the need to go beyond GDP growth and reassess our measures of development. Identify some of the components that need to be complemented with GDP growth going forward.","20",""],[50,"(b) However GDP growth has not led to inclusive growth and inequalities have sharply increased.\n(i) Unequal benefits to different sections","",""],[54,"14. The Covid-19 pandemic is far from over but governments across the world appear to have either relaxed lockdown parameters or will do so soon. Containing Covid and restoring our economies requires not just good policy decisions and medical advice; it also needs continued compliance with the recommended behavioural changes. Daunting as they may seem, the drastic changes in behaviour being called for, can indeed be brought about. Answer the following in this regard:\n(a) Why is behavioural change seen to be desirable in a country like India, when it is faced with a pandemic of the kind of Covid-19?\n(b) What role have different stakeholders in India been playing in helping communities adhere to the desired behaviour?\n(c) Discuss the challenges in bringing about behavioural change, particularly in such an environment of anxiety and uncertainties.","20",""]]},{"i":978,"t":"Jagrati Awasthi","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Gi9XAF9nZRhbnAfBEIDHlju_xo30mWfS/view","q":[[3,"1. (a) Man is not only a product of his environment but can also modify the environment. Do you agree with this view? Justify your answer with suitable examples.","10","150"],[5,"1. (b) Though it may seem that accountability and efficiency are antithetical to each other, accountability is a sine qua non for good governance. Discuss.","10","150"],[7,"2. (a) Gandhian ideals can be of immense help in dealing with the Covid-19 pandemic. Evaluate.","10","150"],[9,"2. (b) While civil servants have the legal right to undertake post-retirement jobs, it raises key ethical issues. Comment.","10","150"],[11,"3 Given below are quotations of moral thinkers/philosophers. Bring out what they mean to you in the present context:\n(a) Try not to become a man of success but rather try to become a man of value. Albert Einstein","10","150"],[13,"3. (b) Having knowledge of an unethical act and allowing it to continue can spread a contagion that can affect multiple beings in society. Bertrand Russell","10","150"],[15,"4. (a) When people use a common resource without a coordinated plan the result is often a tragedy of the commons in which the resource is depleted. In this context, discuss the various ethical challenges arising out of utilization of Global Commons.","10","150"],[17,"4. (b) While a code of conduct merely establishes minimal standards of conduct, a better strategy to promote ethical work culture is through internalization of values. Discuss.","10","150"],[19,"5. (a) A state that does not have the political will and the discipline to enforce probity in governance, can not get rid of the menace of prolonged corruption. Discuss.","10","150"],[21,"5. (b) India cannot march successfully in to the 21st century, with the administrative system having a colonial mindset. Discuss in context of the bureaucratic work culture in India.","10","150"],[23,"6. Which corporate leader has inspired you the most and what moral lessons have you learnt from their life?","10","150"],[25,"7. Increasing participation of people in governance and easy access to information is what transforms governance to good governance. Elaborate.","10","150"],[27,"8. It is sometimes believed that moral scrupulousness in one's private life automatically guarantees high moral stature in professional life. Do you agree? Justify your stand with logical arguments.","10","150"],[29,"9. You are working as a District Magistrate in an aspirational district where women literacy and sex ratio is one of the lowest in the country. It is brought to your notice that a woman who has been elected as 'Sarpanch' on a seat reserved for women candidates in a panchayat in your district is head 'only on the paper'. All the work related to the panchayat is actually carried out by her husband. Even the flag hoisting ceremony on Independence Day is carried out by her husband. However, her husband happens to be a good administrator as indicated by that panchayat's performance on various developmental parameters as compared to other panchayats in the district. Also, her husband enjoys the support of the local people. Given the situation, answer the following:\n(a) Identify the stakeholders and issues involved in this case?\n(b) What options are available to you as the District Magistrate in such a scenario? Also, evaluate each option and indicate what option will you choose.","20","in around 250"],[34,"10. The issues confronting humanity are multifaceted - from political conflicts and human rights abuses to pandemics and climate change. They are not contained within national borders, nor do they fit into the silos of separate government agencies or academic specialties. What is required is greater international cooperation, mutual respect, abiding by international laws and participative global decision-making. However, over the last decade, it has been observed that international relations have overshadowed these basic tenets of global governance and now we are at the verge of serious global catastrophic risks. When it comes to the structures of global governance, business as usual, is no longer an option. Not only an improvement in our understanding of risks is required but also taking responsibility to lead collective action for a coordinated global response.\n(a) What do you think are the factors hindering collective actions?\n(b) Provide a case for the moral obligation of the international community to come together and find solutions to the problems we face.\n(c) What should be the principles guiding such international cooperation?","20",""],[39,"11. You are posted as Superintendent of Police in a district. A case has come up in which more than 30 girls were allegedly raped and sexually exploited at the city shelter home run by an NGO. The scandal came to light when media flagged complaints of sexual abuse of inmates of the city shelter home. A nexus of police, politicians, administration and criminals have been allegedly responsible for the racket going on for the last few years. In light of this, a lot of protests have erupted across the city. While, on one hand, media glare has meant that people are demanding swift action, you have been asked to go slow in investigating the case by top officers in your department. Elections in the state are due in a few months, so it has become a politically sensitive issue. You are also under immense political pressure from the ruling party to not take strict action and make compromises to cover up the case. Given the situation, answer the following:\n(a) Identify the issues involved in the case.\n(b) What are the options available to you? Which of these options will you choose? Justify your stand with logical arguments.","20",""],[44,"12. Being the senior-most IAS officer, you are in line to be promoted as Chief Secretary after the incumbent retires in the next two months. Currently, you are heading the Public Works Department (PWD) and a road construction project worth crores has been opened for tender. A company X belonging to the son-in-law of the incumbent Chief Minister has also applied for the same. The director in charge of the screening process, a young IAS officer, has reported that company Y and the state PSU have submitted the best bids. Both you and the director are facing political pressure to favour the company X. The young IAS officer may be demoralised if you give in to the pressure. But if you don't give in then he may be transferred and your chances of promotion may also suffer. In light of the situation, answer the following:\n(a) Discuss the ethical issues faced by you in the given case.\n(b) What are the options available to you? Which of these options will you choose? Justify your stand with logical arguments.","20",""],[48,"what do I achieve?","",""],[49,"13. As the head of the Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV), you are tasked to complete the construction of a power plant. The project needs to be completed expeditiously to fulfil the promise made by the government to ensure access to power for all. The selected site is in a remote area and is ideal for plant construction. However, the project would require relocation of the people living in the vicinity. Initially, the local community objected to disruption in their lives but were convinced later about the economic benefits that would accrue to the region through this plant. The project had started gathering pace, but recently a local NGO working for environment protection got involved with the local community regarding the issue. And now the local community has started protesting against any developmental activity in the region. As the officer-in-charge for the speedy execution of the project, answer the following:\n(a) What are the issues involved in this case?\n(b) What course of action will you take and why?","20",""],[54,"14. Genetic editing has several applications with its potential to edit the genomes of both somatic and germ cells. This allows for the ability to not only cure genetic diseases but to edit the characteristics of future offspring. The last few years have seen the development of several efficient, more precise genetic engineering techniques. However, with growing sophistication, various issues of bioethics have also have come to the forefront.\n(a) Discuss the ethical considerations associated with genome editing.\n(b) In the light of these ethical issues, provide an ethical framework on how this technology can be used for the betterment of humanity.","20",""]]},{"i":979,"t":"Jagrati Awasthi","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1eo2ZyeZiJ9zdMERNwVfIrFAxV0to19_c/view","q":[[3,"1. (a) Administration discretion can be a blessing if used correctly, however its misuse can prove to be a curse. Discuss with examples.","10","150"],[5,"1. (b) There is a view that corrupt practices have been socially accepted in India. How can this 'acceptance' be shifted to 'rejection' towards corruption?","10","150"],[7,"2. (a) Ethical business practices are key for long-term survival of a company. Comment.","10","150"],[9,"2. (b) Law succeeds in encouraging ethical behaviour in a society only when it is backed by conscience of its individuals. Discuss.","10","150"],[11,"3 Given below are quotations of moral thinkers/philosophers. Bring out what they mean to you in the present context:\n(a) Our lives begin to end the day we become silent about things that matter. Martin Luther King Jr.","10","150"],[13,"3. (b) In law a man is guilty when he violates the rights of others. In ethics he is guilty if he only thinks of doing so. Immanuel Kant","10","150"],[15,"4. (a) What do you understand by Social Intelligence? Discuss its relation with the Emotional Intelligence of an individual.","10","150"],[17,"4. (b) While code of conduct presents a structure to organized values, code of ethics gives a foundation to that structure. Examine.","10","150"],[18,"Elaborate the ultimate organisational goals that should be the ends of all actions.","4",""],[19,"5 (a) According to Buddhism, for a man to be perfect there are two qualities that he should develop equally: compassion (karuna) on one side, and wisdom (panna) on the other. Analyse.","10","150"],[21,"5. (b) The life of Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam presents a broad range of lessons and virtues to be learnt by public servants in India. Discuss.","10","150"],[23,"6. Identify which essential information should be made available to the public via Citizen's Charter? Also, suggest some steps for successful implementation of the Citizen's Charter.","10","150"],[25,"7. Respect for human rights and humanitarian principles is a responsibility for all members of the international community. Discuss in the context of roles and responsibilities of States for protection of refugees.","10","150"],[27,"8. What is red-tapism? Why is it considered a hurdle in the process of transitioning towards citizen centric governance?","10","150"],[29,"9. Given the rising tide of Covid induced fatalities, the government is under extreme pressure to deliver some vaccine to the population. You are the Cabinet Secretary to the Government of India. You are heading the committee to oversee the process of vaccine development and distribution to fight against the Covid outbreak in the country. You have been asked to expedite the process and come up with a solution at the earliest. Some vaccines are available around the globe, but they are in limited supply and also expensive. One of the indigenously developed vaccine has shown initial positive results, but health experts have raised concerns over its safety, efficacy and the methodology being followed for its approval. Other promising vaccines under development, following a rigorous methodology, may take months to enter the market. In this context:\n(a) What are the critical issues involved in the case?\n(b) Explain, with relevant reasons, the course of action that you would take.","20","in around 250"],[34,"10. Literacy levels have been increasing in India over the past few decades, and the literacy rate was found to be 74.04 per cent after the 2011 census. Though this increase in literacy rate seems like a very great accomplishment, it is a matter of concern that still so many people in India cannot even read and write. Children are going to school but not learning much beyond \"floor level tasks\".\n\nMoreover, the higher literacy level has not resulted in better human values and this is manifested in the troubled atmosphere in the society at large. This failure of the education system to reform human behavior is troubling for a young democracy, like India. Given this situation, answer the following:\n(a) What role is education expected to play in reforming human behaviour and inculcating human values?\n(b) Do you think only the government is responsible for this state of the education system? If not, identify the stakeholders who should press for a change in the education system in this regard.","20",""],[39,"11. Problems surrounding air pollution present an urgent challenge for many countries, including India. Among other reasons, this challenge has been exacerbated by the indifferent attitude of people towards it. Various studies have pointed out the harmful effects of air pollution. Despite the government bringing various regulations on activities like stubble burning and bursting fire crackers, people violate them.\n(a) Discuss the reasons behind such behaviour on part of society towards air pollution.\n(b) Suggest measures that are required to be undertaken to nudge people towards pro-environment behaviour.","20",""],[41,"(b) Measures to inculcate pro-environment behaviour.","",""],[44,"12. In recent times, social media has emerged as an important platform for all to share their information and opinions. Many civil servants are also quite active on the social media. Given this situation, there have been calls to revise or update the Civil Services Conduct Rules.\nSuppose you are a senior IAS officer who is heading a panel set up by the government to bring suitable changes in the conduct rules. Elaborate on how you will respond to the following questions:\n(a) What are the issues with a civil servant expressing his/her views on social media on various matters?\n(b) Should criticism of government policies on social media by civil servants be allowed?\n(c) How should civil servants conduct themselves on social media?","20",""],[49,"13. Economic growth has been the primary goal of economic policies, and the principal measure of an economy's success. In the last few decades, economic growth benefitted mankind in multiple ways. But alongside these benefits, it has also generated significant issues and a series of converging challenges. In light of this, answer the following:\n(a) What was the rationale behind GDP growth being considered the pillar of economic policies the world over in the past few decades?\n(b) Explain the need to go beyond GDP growth and reassess our measures of development. Identify some of the components that need to be complemented with GDP growth going forward.","20",""],[50,"(b) Why beyond GDP?\ni) Unequal benefits to different sections","",""],[54,"14. The Covid-19 pandemic is far from over but governments across the world appear to have either relaxed lockdown parameters or will do so soon. Containing Covid and restoring our economies requires not just good policy decisions and medical advice; it also needs continued compliance with the recommended behavioural changes. Daunting as they may seem, the drastic changes in behaviour being called for, can indeed be brought about. Answer the following in this regard:\n(a) Why is behavioural change seen to be desirable in a country like India, when it is faced with a pandemic of the kind of Covid-19?\n(b) What role have different stakeholders in India been playing in helping communities adhere to the desired behaviour?\n(c) Discuss the challenges in bringing about behavioural change, particularly in such an environment of anxiety and uncertainties.","20",""]]},{"i":980,"t":"Jagrati Awasthi","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1OPXCSXMT2KkZ64iIXNLU9rRAOIXgDI1M/view","q":[[3,"1. (a) Man is not only a product of his environment but can also modify the environment. Do you agree with this view? Justify your answer with suitable examples.","10","150"],[5,"1. (b) Though it may seem that accountability and efficiency are antithetical to each other, accountability is a sine qua non for good governance. Discuss.","10","150"],[7,"2. (a) Gandhian ideals can be of immense help in dealing with the Covid-19 pandemic. Evaluate.","10","150"],[9,"2. (b) While civil servants have the legal right to undertake post-retirement jobs, it raises key ethical issues. Comment.","10","150"],[11,"3 Given below are quotations of moral thinkers/philosophers. Bring out what they mean to you in the present context:\n(a) Try not to become a man of success but rather try to become a man of value. Albert Einstein","10","150"],[13,"3. (b) Having knowledge of an unethical act and allowing it to continue can spread a contagion that can affect multiple beings in society. Bertrand Russell","10","150"],[15,"4. (a) When people use a common resource without a coordinated plan the result is often a tragedy of the commons in which the resource is depleted. In this context, discuss the various ethical challenges arising out of utilization of Global Commons.","10","150"],[17,"4. (b) While a code of conduct merely establishes minimal standards of conduct, a better strategy to promote ethical work culture is through internalization of values. Discuss.","10","150"],[19,"5. (a) A state that does not have the political will and the discipline to enforce probity in governance, can not get rid of the menace of prolonged corruption. Discuss.","10","150"],[21,"5. (b) India cannot march successfully in to the 21st century, with the administrative system having a colonial mindset. Discuss in context of the bureaucratic work culture in India.","10","150"],[23,"6. Which corporate leader has inspired you the most and what moral lessons have you learnt from their life?","10","150"],[25,"7. Increasing participation of people in governance and easy access to information is what transforms governance to good governance. Elaborate.","10","150"],[27,"8. It is sometimes believed that moral scrupulousness in one's private life automatically guarantees high moral stature in professional life. Do you agree? Justify your stand with logical arguments.","10","150"],[29,"9. You are working as a District Magistrate in an aspirational district where women literacy and sex ratio is one of the lowest in the country. It is brought to your notice that a woman who has been elected as 'Sarpanch' on a seat reserved for women candidates in a panchayat in your district is head 'only on the paper'. All the work related to the panchayat is actually carried out by her husband. Even the flag hoisting ceremony on Independence Day is carried out by her husband. However, her husband happens to be a good administrator as indicated by that panchayat's performance on various developmental parameters as compared to other panchayats in the district. Also, her husband enjoys the support of the local people. Given the situation, answer the following:\n(a) Identify the stakeholders and issues involved in this case?\n(b) What options are available to you as the District Magistrate in such a scenario? Also, evaluate each option and indicate what option will you choose.","20","in around 250"],[34,"10. The issues confronting humanity are multifaceted - from political conflicts and human rights abuses to pandemics and climate change. They are not contained within national borders, nor do they fit into the silos of separate government agencies or academic specialties. What is required is greater international cooperation, mutual respect, abiding by international laws and participative global decision-making. However, over the last decade, it has been observed that international relations have overshadowed these basic tenets of global governance and now we are at the verge of serious global catastrophic risks. When it comes to the structures of global governance, business as usual, is no longer an option. Not only an improvement in our understanding of risks is required but also taking responsibility to lead collective action for a coordinated global response.\n(a) What do you think are the factors hindering collective actions?\n(b) Provide a case for the moral obligation of the international community to come together and find solutions to the problems we face.\n(c) What should be the principles guiding such international cooperation?","20",""],[39,"11. You are posted as Superintendent of Police in a district. A case has come up in which more than 30 girls were allegedly raped and sexually exploited at the city shelter home run by an NGO. The scandal came to light when media flagged complaints of sexual abuse of inmates of the city shelter home. A nexus of police, politicians, administration and criminals have been allegedly responsible for the racket going on for the last few years. In light of this, a lot of protests have erupted across the city. While, on one hand, media glare has meant that people are demanding swift action, you have been asked to go slow in investigating the case by top officers in your department. Elections in the state are due in a few months, so it has become a politically sensitive issue. You are also under immense political pressure from the ruling party to not take strict action and make compromises to cover up the case. Given the situation, answer the following:\n(a) Identify the issues involved in the case.\n(b) What are the options available to you? Which of these options will you choose? Justify your stand with logical arguments.","20",""],[44,"12. Being the senior-most IAS officer, you are in line to be promoted as Chief Secretary after the incumbent retires in the next two months. Currently, you are heading the Public Works Department (PWD) and a road construction project worth crores has been opened for tender. A company X belonging to the son-in-law of the incumbent Chief Minister has also applied for the same. The director in charge of the screening process, a young IAS officer, has reported that company Y and the state PSU have submitted the best bids. Both you and the director are facing political pressure to favour the company X. The young IAS officer may be demoralised if you give in to the pressure. But if you don't give in then he may be transferred and your chances of promotion may also suffer. In light of the situation, answer the following:\n(a) Discuss the ethical issues faced by you in the given case.\n(b) What are the options available to you? Which of these options will you choose? Justify your stand with logical arguments.","20",""],[48,"What do I achieve?","",""],[49,"13. As the head of the Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV), you are tasked to complete the construction of a power plant. The project needs to be completed expeditiously to fulfil the promise made by the government to ensure access to power for all. The selected site is in a remote area and is ideal for plant construction. However, the project would require relocation of the people living in the vicinity. Initially, the local community objected to disruption in their lives but were convinced later about the economic benefits that would accrue to the region through this plant. The project had started gathering pace but recently a local NGO working for environment protection got involved with the local community regarding the issue. And now the local community has started protesting against any developmental activity in the region. As the officer-in-charge for the speedy execution of the project, answer the following:\n(a) What are the issues involved in this case?\n(b) What course of action will you take and why?","20",""],[54,"14. Genetic editing has several applications with its potential to edit the genomes of both somatic and germ cells. This allows for the ability to not only cure genetic diseases but to edit the characteristics of future offspring. The last few years have seen the development of several efficient, more precise genetic engineering techniques. However, with growing sophistication, various issues of bioethics have also have come to the forefront.\n(a) Discuss the ethical considerations associated with genome editing.\n(b) In the light of these ethical issues, provide an ethical framework on how this technology can be used for the betterment of humanity.","20",""]]},{"i":422,"t":"Japleen Kaur","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/JAPLEEN-KAURUPSC_IAS_2025_Toppers_AIR_388_Sample_MGP_3.pdf","q":[[8,"4) WHO is the global health organization which receives a mix of mandatory and voluntary funding from members and other donors.","",""],[23,"(1) Issue of extradition of Sheikh Hasina.","",""]]},{"i":425,"t":"Jayant Garg","c":"Visionias","p":"Essay","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/a41f3-1528536_4514_jayant_garg_rank_64.pdf","q":[[5,"Write two essays, choosing one topic from each of the Sections A and B, in about 1000-1200 words each :\n1. You may have to fight a battle more than once to win it.\n2. In matters of conscience, the law of the majority has no place.\n3. He who opens a school door, closes a prison.\n4. Only in the depths of winter can we truly appreciate the warmth of spring.\n5. We cannot always build the future for our youth, but we can build our youth for the future.\n6. Copying is safe; innovation demands courage.\n7. The more we automate, the more human we must become.\n8. The pursuit of instant validation is creating a generation of restless minds.","125 x 2 = 250","about 1000-1200 words each"],[9,"Why is the the case?","",""],[21,"The question is Does such automated future has any place for manual workers? Who would care for their needs?","",""]]},{"i":427,"t":"Jayant Garg","c":"Vision","p":"GS1","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/8346a-1528536_4510_jayant_garg_rank_64.pdf","q":[[6,"1. Folk music serves as a repository of the cultural identity. Discuss the role of folk music in preserving cultural heritage and promoting social cohesion. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[8,"2. How does the Vesara style of temple architecture represent a synthesis of the Nagara and Dravida styles? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[10,"3. Discuss the role played by Indians living abroad in advancing the cause of India's freedom struggle.","10","150"],[12,"4. How did the Marshall Plan influence the economic recovery and political stability of post-war Europe? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[14,"5. Discuss the factors responsible for increased cyclonic activity in the Arabian Sea. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"6. How can technological interventions help in transforming the textile sector in India? What are the initiatives that the government has taken in this regard? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[18,"7. What is a seiche and how does it form? Discuss the geographical conditions under which seiches are most likely to occur. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[20,"8. How has rapid urbanisation affected the socio-cultural landscape of peri-urban regions in India? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[22,"9. Examine the role of historical and socio-political factors in driving communalism in Indian politics. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[24,"10. Globalization has significantly influenced the aspirations, lifestyle, and value systems of Indian youth. Discuss with suitable examples. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[26,"11. Examine how Chandragupta-II's reign symbolised a golden age of cultural development, laying the foundation for future advancements in Indian art and literature. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[29,"12. Evaluate the intended and unintended consequences of British educational policies for the Indian society in the colonial period. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[32,"13. India's territorial disputes after independence were not merely about borders, but also encompass issues of national identity, historical grievances, and geopolitical strategies. Discuss. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[35,"14. Discuss the geographical conditions responsible for the development of shola forests in the upper reaches of the Western Ghats. Highlight their ecological significance. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[37,"Issues with shola forest in Western Ghats\n1) Deforestation and logging for mining purposes\n2) Rising landslides (Eg. Wayanad landslides)\n3) Unprotected area - Western Ghats largely unprotected leading to diversion of forest land","",""],[38,"15. Discuss the potential of natural hydrogen as a fuel to meet growing global energy demands? Why is it still an untapped industry? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[41,"16. Why is there a shift of labour-intensive industries from China to South and Southeast Asia? Discuss the advantages and challenges for India in this context. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[44,"17. Explain the socio-economic transformations resulting from women's migration to metropolitan areas in India. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[47,"18. The institution of marriage in India is increasingly becoming a site of conspicuous consumption and commodification. Critically examine the impact of this commercialisation on social equity and gender relations.","15","250"],[50,"19. Analyse how recognizing, reducing, and redistributing care work can foster gender equality and promote inclusive development in India.","15","250"],[53,"20. Discuss the changing nature of family structures in urban India. How is it impacting elderly care and socialization of the youth? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"]]},{"i":428,"t":"Jayant Garg","c":"Vision","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/c8e06-1528536_4511_jayant_garg_rank_64.pdf","q":[[6,"1. How does the Supreme Court's recent decision on Aligarh Muslim University's minority status affect the interpretation of Article 30 of the Indian Constitution? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[8,"2. The Supreme Court, in a recent verdict, prescribed a time period for the Governor's assent to state legislative bills. What are the implications of this judgment for cooperative federalism and legislative accountability in India? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[10,"3. Discuss the recent changes and initiatives related to cooperatives that aim to smoothen the tussle between the Centre and States in the cooperative sector.","10","150"],[12,"4. In recent years, use of social media and digital mobilisation by civil society has emerged as a powerful form of pressure politics. Examine its impact on policymaking and democratic accountability.","10","150"],[14,"5. How is Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) emerging as a business-led solution for addressing development challenges in India? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"6. Discuss how mechanisms like public consultations and Jan Sunwais in India impact governance outcomes. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[18,"7. How effective have the National Action Plan for Drug Demand Reduction (NAPDDR) and Nasha Mukt Bharat Abhiyaan been in addressing substance abuse in India? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[20,"8. Rote learning and neglect of creativity in foundational education setup in India make it less ready for marketplaces that are now driven by Artificial Intelligence. Do you agree with this view? Substantiate your argument.","10","150"],[22,"9. Analyze the transformation of the G7 from a symbol of Western strategic unity to a forum marked by internal contradictions. How should India navigate this changing dynamic to advance its strategic interests? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[24,"10. Discuss the role of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in the development of developing countries. What are the key criticisms associated with its approach? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[26,"11. The 103rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 2019 has introduced a new dimension to the principle of affirmative action in India. Critically examine its implications for the broader goal of social justice. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[29,"12. The District Planning Committee (DPC) was envisioned as a key instrument to strengthen grassroots-level planning. How far has it succeeded in achieving this goal? Discuss the challenges faced by DPCs and suggest measures to make them more effective.","15","Answer in 250"],[32,"13. The restrictions imposed under Article 293 of the Constitution on State borrowing powers, though constitutionally valid, may hinder fiscal autonomy of States and disrupt cooperative federalism. Discuss in the light of recent developments. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[35,"14. Examine the tension between the right to contest elections and the need to uphold electoral ethics under the Representation of the People Act. Should there be a lifetime ban on convicted criminals? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[38,"15. To what extent has the Beti Bachao Beti Padhao (BBBP) scheme, launched in 2015, succeeded in addressing the declining child sex ratio and empowering the girl child? Suggest measures to enhance its impact at the grassroots level.","15","Answer in 250"],[41,"16. Self-Help Groups (SHGs) are emerging as vehicles of socio-economic transformation in rural India. Examine the role of government in scaling their reach and effectiveness. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[44,"17. Despite economic growth, multidimensional poverty continues to persist in India. Analyse the underlying causes and discuss the measures taken by the government to address them. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[47,"18. India faces a paradox of food surplus and nutritional deficit. Analyse the structural reasons behind this paradox and suggest reform strategies. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[50,"19. India's timely response during the economic crises in Sri Lanka and the Maldives reflects its \"Neighbourhood First\" policy in action. Examine how Indian aid has impacted bilateral ties with these nations. What steps can further be taken to promote sustainable economic cooperation in the Indian Ocean region? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[53,"20. Discuss the geostrategic significance of Afghanistan for India in the context of continental connectivity and access to Central Asia. How has the altered political landscape post-2021 affected India's connectivity and energy corridor ambitions? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"]]},{"i":424,"t":"Jayant Garg","c":"Forumias","p":"GS3","y":2025,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/JAYANT-GARGUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-64Sample-MGP-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[2,"Q.1) Explain the significance of the recent changes made to the Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) with respect to labour market data estimation in the country.","10","150"],[3,"Q.8) Highlight the key provisions of the Disaster Management (Amendment) Act, 2025. How would the amendment help strengthen the disaster management framework in the country?","10","150"],[4,"Q.15 Launched on 25th June 2025, the Axiom-4 (Ax-04) mission has been much in the news since then. What are the key features of the mission? What significance does it hold for the Gaganyaan project and India’s long-term space ambitions?","15","250"],[21,"a) Operation Sindoor was launched against Pathalgam terror attack highlight zero tolerance policy of India towards terrorism\n Operation Sindoor signal strategic evolution in India's approach","",""],[43,"17) One Health approach integrates the health of animals, environment and humans to prevent infectious diseases and future pandemic","",""],[46,"18) Major cities of India are vulnerable to heatwaves, Rising climate change and global warming raising the frequency.","",""],[49,"1 a) Emerging technology and globalisation contributing to terror funding","",""],[52,"20) Over the past decade left wing extremism related deaths and violence has reduced by 80%. Red corridor districts come down to 18 only\n\nKey component of National Action and policy against LWE","",""]]},{"i":429,"t":"Jayant Garg","c":"Vision","p":"GS3","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/47872-1528536_4512_jayant_garg_rank_64.pdf","q":[[6,"1. Analyse the factors that have contributed to India's inclusive economic growth in the past decade. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[8,"2. The Reserve Bank of India's surplus transfers offer the government much-needed fiscal space, yet they are not without challenges. Critically examine the implications of the RBI's surplus transfers to the government.","10","150"],[10,"3. To what extent was the first National Monetization Pipeline (NMP) able to meet its objectives? What are the objectives of the new Asset Monetization Plan 2025–30 as announced in the recent 2025 Budget? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[12,"4. Examine the major challenges hindering the Indian textile industry from achieving its full potential in the global value chain. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[14,"5. Why has India become increasingly import-dependent for edible oils despite being a major agricultural economy? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"6. Air accidents are low-frequency but high-impact events. Examine the disaster management protocols in place for aviation-related emergencies in India. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[18,"7. Chemical pollution poses a grave threat to human health and the environment in India. Discuss the key sources contributing to pervasive chemical contamination and evaluate the effectiveness of existing environmental laws in curbing this problem. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[20,"8. Missile defence systems are becoming critical for national security in the face of evolving regional threats and advanced weapon technologies. Explain the working principle of missile defence systems. Critically assess India's progress in developing indigenous missile defence capabilities.","10","150"],[22,"9. Despite multiple resolutions and initiatives undertaken by the United Nations Security Council (UNSC), its efforts to counter terrorism have achieved limited success. Discuss the reasons for this limited effectiveness.","10","150"],[24,"10. India practices a ‘multi-alignment’ approach in its cyber diplomacy. How does this posture strengthen India’s internal security while maintaining strategic autonomy? (Answer in 150 words)","","150"],[26,"11. While examining the shortcomings of the land reforms in the past, elaborate what land reforms 2.0 should look like. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[29,"12. As NITI Aayog completes 10 years of its establishment, critically examine its role in the planning and development paradigm of governance in India. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[32,"13. What are the primary causes of limited formal credit penetration among the rural and unbanked populations in India? Comment on the effectiveness of Small Finance Banks in addressing this gap and advancing inclusive financial growth.","","250"],[35,"14. To what extent has the Production Linked Incentive Scheme for the food processing industry facilitated value addition, employment generation, and global competitiveness in India's food processing industry? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[38,"15. Waste circularity is emerging as a sustainable solution to India's mounting solid waste crisis. Discuss the key principles of waste circularity and the government's initiative in this regard. How effective have these measures been in fostering a circular economy? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[41,"16. Discuss the importance of integrating traditional ecological knowledge of India's tribal communities with modern disaster management frameworks. Mention two examples where indigenous practices have contributed to disaster resilience. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[44,"17. CRISPR technology has rapidly advanced in recent years, with new tools and clinical breakthroughs. Highlight the recent developments in CRISPR-based gene editing technology applications. Discuss the opportunities and ethical challenges these advancements present for healthcare and society.","15","250"],[47,"18. A credible semiconductor ecosystem is pivotal for India's economic security as much as for national security. Analyse the strategic objectives, incentives, and institutional architecture of the India Semiconductor Mission (ISM). Identify the major risks that could derail its timelines. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[50,"19. Intricate inter-play of diverse factors has been the force multipliers for extremism in the North East. Discuss. Suggest a multilayered strategy to tackle the menace of extremism in this region. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[53,"20. Despite recent steps towards inducting women into combat roles, their participation remains low. Examine the key challenges impeding the greater inclusion of women in the Indian armed forces. Also, suggest suitable measures to enhance their participation.","15","250"]]},{"i":423,"t":"Jayant Garg","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":2025,"r":64,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/JAYANT-GARGUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-64-Sample-MGP-Copy-2.pdf","q":[[2,"Q.1 a) ‘Unconscious biases in parenting continue to shape gendered experiences in India.’ Do you agree with this view? Discuss.\nb) Distinguish between empathy and compassion. Why are they considered as foundational values in public services?","10","150"],[3,"Q.4) a) “With great power comes great responsibility.” In the present context, ‘Big Tech’ headquartered in developed countries wield disproportionate influence over digital infrastructure, personal data, and global narratives—often prioritising profit over ethical considerations. What ethical principles should guide such corporations in building a fair, inclusive, and just global digital framework?","10","150"],[4,"Q.6) a) Public spaces serve as arenas of democratic participation and civic expression. Yet in India, they remain deeply gendered, with many women largely confined to the private and domestic sphere. Examine the factors that restrict women’s access to public spaces. How can ethical governance help address the issue of gendered spatial control and promote inclusivity in public spaces?\nb) Write short notes on the following in 30 words each:\ni) Ethical fading\nii) Conflict of interest\niii) Persuasion\niv) Work culture\nv) Corporate governance","10 marks, 150","10"],[5,"Q.7) A State Government in the northeastern part of the country has launched a series of anti-encroachment drives across forest areas, wetlands, and revenue lands. Under the directions of the Chief Minister, the administration has intensified efforts to reclaim public land, particularly in areas reserved for ecological protection and critical infrastructure development. Most of the time, these actions have been backed by court orders and have resulted in the recovery of thousands of hectares of land. However, in certain regions, the implementation of such drives is fraught with social and political complexities. In several districts, settlements have existed for decades and are inhabited by marginalized communities with limited access to legal rights or formal rehabilitation measures. These areas are often politically sensitive and influenced by local leaders and pressure groups.\nSimanta is posted as Additional Deputy Commissioner (ADC) in one such district. Over the past year, the district administration has attempted to align eviction measures with welfare outreach, including the provision of temporary shelters, relocation assistance, and public consultations. Recently, a major operation was scheduled to clear encroachments from over 140 hectares of forest land within a Reserved Forest, primarily to curb rising instances of human-elephant conflict and to restore ecological balance. Anticipating eviction, some residents approached the High Court seeking a stay. However, the court refused to grant it and directed the administration to proceed with the eviction following due process. Notices were served, and a detailed roadmap was prepared to carry out the operation, which was expected to last 2–3 days due to the scale and remote location. On the first day, Simanta led a team comprising forest officials, municipal workers, and police personnel. Demolitions were conducted peacefully and without major resistance. However, on the second day, when the team returned to the site, a large group of agitated residents—primarily women and children—had gathered. They raised slogans and formed human chains to prevent further evictions. The atmosphere grew tense when some individuals began throwing stones, resulting in serious injury to a municipal worker. The crowd grew increasingly volatile and emotionally charged, demanding an immediate halt to the operation. The police contingent present on the ground was outnumbered by the crowd. Faced with this crisis, some team members pleaded with Simanta to call off the operation, fearing threats to their life and the possibility of a violent escalation. Simanta attempted to contact his superior officer (the Deputy Commissioner), but due to poor mobile connectivity in the forested area, communication could not be established. Meanwhile, several local journalists had arrived and begun reporting on the incident. Simanta is in a dilemma as to what to do.\na. Evaluate the options available with Simanta to cope with the situation.\nb. Which of the above options would be the most appropriate for Simanta and why?\nc. What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by Simanta?\nd. Examine the qualities of a public servant which will be required to manage such situations.","20","250"],[6,"a. स्थिति से निपटने के लिए सिमंता के पास उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन करें।\nb. सिमंता के लिए सबसे उपयुक्त होगा और क्यों?\nc. सिमंता को किन नैतिक दुविधाओं का सामना करना पड़ रहा है?\nd. ऐसी परिस्थितियों का प्रबंधन करने के लिए एक लोक सेवक के गुणों का परीक्षण करें।\na स्थिति से निपटने के लिए सिमंता के पास उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन करें।\nb सिमंता के लिए सबसे उपयुक्त होगा और क्यों?\nc सिमंता को किन नैतिक दुविधाओं का सामना करना पड़ रहा है?\nd ऐसी परिस्थितियों का प्रबंधन करने के लिए एक लोक सेवक के गुणों का परीक्षण करें।","20 अंक","250 शब्द"],[7,"a. Suggest a course of action Megha can take to sensitize her village community without appearing disrespectful or confrontational.\nb. What ethical principles and methods should guide her actions while engaging with the community?\nc. How is menstruation related to human rights?","20","250"],[8,"a. Can you think of a rational way to resolve this dilemma?\nb. Give your reasons for it.\nc. What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\na Can you think of a rational way to resolve this dilemma?\nb Give your reasons for it.\nc What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?","20","250"],[9,"a. Discuss the ethical issues involved in the case.\nb. Examine the behavior of DPDO from an ethical point of view.\nc. How would you react to the situation?\na Discuss the ethical issues involved in the case.\nb Examine the behavior of DPDO from an ethical point of view.\nc How would you react to the situation?","20","250"],[10,"a. Bring out the ethical issues involved in this case.\nb. What are the options available to Nithin?\nc. Critically examine each of the options identified by Nithin.\nd. Which of the options, do you think, would be more appropriate for Nithin to adopt and why?\na. Bring out the ethical issues involved in this case.\nb. What are the options available to Nithin?\nc. Critically examine each of the options identified by Nithin.\nd. Which of the options, do you think, would be more appropriate for Nithin to adopt and why?","20","250"],[11,"Q.12 You are appointed as an officer heading the Air Quality Compliance Division of the Environment Pollution Control Board in Delhi-NCR. The region is witnessing alarming levels of air pollution, which typically worsen during the winter months due to various meteorological and anthropogenic factors. The situation has led to severe public health concerns, particularly affecting vulnerable groups such as the elderly, children, and those with respiratory illnesses. The Supreme Court has also raised serious concern over the deteriorating air quality in Delhi-NCR and has directed the administration to take immediate and effective measures to control pollution, especially during the winter months. Your jurisdiction has a large number of small and medium-scale industries that were granted environmental clearance over the years. These industries form the backbone of the local economy and provide employment to a significant number of migrant workers. However, recent inspections and air quality monitoring reports indicate that a significant number of these units are operating in violation of prescribed air emission norms. As part of targeted measures to curb air pollution, you issued notices to all identified polluting units, directing them to apply for fresh environmental clearance certificates from the competent authority. However, your decision triggered strong opposition from a section of industrial units, labour unions, and local politicians. Industrial owners argued that such action would lead to production shutdowns, financial losses, and shortages of their products in the market. Labour unions and workers also protested, fearing mass unemployment and livelihood insecurity. Local politicians and vested interests accused you of jeopardising the socio-economic stability of the region. You received representations from various quarters urging you to withdraw the notices and not initiate harsh measures, citing the interests of multiple stakeholders. Additionally, you began receiving anonymous threats, aimed at coercing you into reversing your decision. On the other hand, several of your colleagues supported your stance, encouraging you to act in the larger public interest. Several local NGOs and environmental groups rallied behind your actions, demanding the immediate closure of polluting units.\na Under the given conditions, what are the options available to you?\nb Critically evaluate each of the options listed by you.\nc What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by you?","20","250"]]},{"i":426,"t":"Jayant Garg","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/c3bfe-1528536_4513_jayant_garg_rank_64.pdf","q":[[6,"1. (a) Compassion is the courageous choice to feel another's suffering as one's own, and to act upon it, even when silence is safer and indifference is easier. Examine the significance of compassion as an essential ethical value for civil servants in India. Illustrate your answer with suitable examples.","10","150"],[8,"1. (b) Marriages in India are transitioning from traditional sacramental unions to more autonomous relationships, reflected in live-in relationships and rising divorce rates. Discuss the ethical dimensions of these changes. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[10,"2. (a) While accountability often necessitates documentation, an overemphasis on bureaucratic procedures and excessive paperwork can inadvertently silence the very voices that public policy intends to empower, particularly at the grassroots. Examine the above statement with suitable illustrations.","10","Answer in 150"],[12,"2. (b) The principle of impartiality may conflict with the need for compassion towards marginalized communities. Discuss in the context of civil services in India.","10","Answer in 150"],[14,"3 (a) What do each of the following quotations mean to you?\n(a) \"The strength of a nation derives from the integrity of the home.\" - Confucius (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"3. (b) \"Act only according to that maxim through which you can at the same time will that it become a universal law.\" - Immanuel Kant (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[18,"3. (c) \"We are not only responsible for what we do, but also for what we fail to do\" - Molière. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[20,"4. (a) Patriotism encourages ethical questioning, while nationalism often suppresses it. Discuss this statement in light of the formation of political attitudes during high-pressure national events. How can individuals develop moral attitudes that balance national interest with ethical reasoning? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[22,"4. (b) Discuss how employee well-being and fairness can be balanced with efficiency and profitability in private organisations. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[24,"5. (a) Do you agree that excessive use of social media and emerging AI technologies may lead to a decline in emotional regulation and moral sensitivity among adolescents? Justify your answer.","10","150"],[26,"5. (b) In light of the increasing incidents of suicides among students in India, discuss how Emotional Intelligence (EI) can aid in managing stress and emotional challenges.","10","150"],[28,"6. (a) In public service, emotional intelligence is not about suppressing emotion, but mastering its purpose — to connect, to de-escalate, and to uplift others with empathy and strength. Do you agree with this view? Discuss. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[30,"6. (b) An efficient work culture is built not only on rules, but on shared values. In this context, evaluate the role of leadership and team dynamics in transforming work culture within an organization.","10","Answer in 150"],[32,"7 You are posted as the Joint Secretary in the Department of Information Technology of a state. The government recently implemented several citizen-centric digital services, collecting large volumes of personal data from residents. The Digital Personal Data Protection (DPDP) Act, 2023, requires that such data be processed only with explicit and informed consent, and mandates that processing must cease immediately upon withdrawal of consent.\nDuring an internal audit, you discover that the department continues to process and analyze personal data of several citizens even after they have formally withdrawn their consent. This data is being used for policy analytics and service improvement, purposes not explicitly disclosed at the time of data collection. When you bring this to the attention of your department head, you are informed that halting the processing will disrupt ongoing digital initiatives and may affect state-level performance metrics. Moreover, you find that the consent withdrawal process is cumbersome, and many citizens are unaware of their rights under the DPDP Act.\nYou also learn that a prominent social activist is planning to file a complaint with the Data Protection Board against involuntary use of personal data, which could attract public scrutiny and legal action against the department.\n(a) Identify and discuss the ethical issues involved in this case.\n(b) What are the potential consequences for the department if the issue is not addressed transparently?\n(c) How would you balance the need for efficient public service delivery with the obligation to protect citizens’ data rights? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[37,"8 You are an IAS officer, currently serving as the Secretary of the Public Works Department in a hill state. Recently, a disturbing incident has come to light involving a senior Cabinet Minister and two engineers of the National Highways Authority of India (NHAI). During an inspection of a critical highway project, the Minister was allegedly seen on video physically assaulting and verbally abusing the engineers in full public view. The video, recorded by bystanders, went viral on social media and was widely covered by television channels, sparking both outrage and support from different sections of society. The Minister later defended his actions, alleging that the officials were corrupt, unresponsive to local grievances, and responsible for inordinate delays in the project. He insisted that his actions were driven by public frustration and the urgency of delivering infrastructure to a remote region.\n\nHowever, the engineers have filed a police complaint and written to their superiors, claiming they were targeted for resisting political pressure to award contracts to specific local contractors linked to the Minister. As the situation escalated, a union of NHAI engineers declared a strike.\n(a) इस प्रकरण में शामिल प्रमुख नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं? हितधारकों और उनके परस्पर विरोधी हितों की पहचान कीजिए।\n(b) लोक निर्माण विभाग के सचिव के रूप में, आप उपयुक्त स्थिति में क्या कार्रवाई करेंगे?\n(c) ऐसी घटनाएं सिविल सेवकों के मनोबल और शासन में जनता के विश्वास को कैसे प्रभावित करती हैं? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250"],[38,"(a) What are the key ethical issues involved in this situation? Identify the stakeholders and their conflicting interests.\n(b) As the Secretary of the PWD, what actions will you take in above situation?\n(c) How do such incidents affect the morale of civil servants and public trust in governance? (Answer in 250 words)\na) What are the key ethical issues involved in this situation? Identify the stakeholders and their conflicting interests.\nb) As the Secretary of the PWD, what actions will you take in above situation?\nc) How do such incidents affect the morale of civil servants and public trust in governance?","20","250"],[42,"9 You are the Secretary in the Department of Personnel and Training (DoPT), Government of India. In recent years, an increasing number of civil servants, particularly younger officers from the IAS, IPS, and IRS, have begun maintaining personal YouTube channels and social media pages. On these platforms, they regularly post videos related to their official work — showcasing innovative projects, public outreach initiatives, inspection drives, and sometimes even day-to-day administrative duties.\n\nThese videos often receive widespread public attention, and many viewers express admiration, saying such content enhances transparency, motivates aspirants, and humanizes the bureaucracy. However, concerns have also emerged from various quarters. Senior officers argue that such content may blur the boundaries between personal branding and public service, while some citizens and media commentators point to instances where videos feature vulnerable beneficiaries without consent, raise concerns about misuse of official premises, or seem designed more for personal popularity than public accountability.\n(a) लोक सेवकों द्वारा अपने आधिकारिक कार्यों को सोशल मीडिया पर सार्वजनिक रूप से प्रदर्शित करने के कृत्यों में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों की पहचान कीजिए।\n(b) क्या ऐसी प्रयासें जागरूकता और प्रेरणा को प्रोत्साहन देती हैं या क्या ये अनामिता, तटस्थता और सामूहिक सेवा भावना के मूल्यों से समझौता करती हैं? अपना मत दीजिए।\n(c) सचिव के रूप में, लोक सेवकों की उत्तरदायित्व डिजिटल सहभागिता सुनिश्चित करने के लिए आप कौन-से मार्गदर्शक सिद्धांत और नैतिकत अनुशासनाएं सुझाएंगे? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250"],[43,"You have been asked to prepare a report with recommendations to balance public interest, institutional integrity, and evolving modes of communication.\n(a) Identify the ethical issues involved in civil servants publicly showcasing their official work on social media.\n(b) Do such practices promote awareness and motivation, or do they compromise the values of anonymity, neutrality, and collective service ethos? Give your opinion.\n(c) As the Secretary, what guiding principles and policy recommendations would you suggest to ensure responsible digital engagement by civil servants? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[47,"10 You are the Director of the National Bioethics Commission who is responsible for assessing the ethical feasibility and oversight of a nationwide gene sequencing program. The project named GeneFuture, aims to sequence the DNA of every newborn child and store it in a centralized national database. The objective is to identify genetic predispositions to serious diseases early in life, allowing for preventive treatment and personalized medicine. Over 100,000 babies have already been enrolled in the pilot phase of the program. The government claims that this move is a landmark step in public health advancement.\n\nHowever, collection of newborn genetic data raises significant ethical concerns, particularly around informed consent, which may not fully capture parents' understanding of the long-term risks involved. Once gathered, this sensitive data could be misused for purposes such as surveillance, insurance discrimination, or commercial marketing by third parties. Uncertainty over data ownership\u00151whether it lies with the state, parents, or the individual as they mature\u00151further complicates the issue. The involvement of private tech and pharmaceutical companies heightens fears of commercial exploitation, especially in the absence of clear mechanisms for individuals to withdraw consent or delete their genetic information upon reaching adulthood.\n(a) What are the ethical issues you perceive in the implementation of the GeneFuture program?\n(b) Identify the conflicting interests of different stakeholders in this case.\n(c) What guiding ethical principles would you recommend for implementation of this project? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[52,"11. You are a dedicated District Health Officer (DHO) with a strong commitment to evidence-based public health practices, recently assigned to a remote district in India. Your immediate and most critical task is to lead a crucial district-wide Measles-Rubella (MR) vaccination drive, aimed at achieving 100% immunization coverage among children aged 9 months to 15 years. The success of this drive is vital for the collective health of thousands of children and for the district's overall health indicators, especially with the impending monsoon season posing additional health challenges.\n\nHowever, in one of the largest and most traditional villages in your district, you encounter formidable resistance. The villagers, deeply influenced by the pronouncements of a revered local\n(a) उपयुक्त प्रकरण में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\n(b) इस विरोध को शांत करने के लिए आपके पास तत्काल क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\n(c) अंधविश्वास के व्यापक प्रभाव को दूर करने और संधारणीय लोक स्वास्थ्य परिणामों हेतु वैज्ञानिक सोच को बढ़ावा देने के लिए आप कौन-सी दीर्घकालिक रणनीतियाँ और प्रणालीगत सुधारों का सुझाव देंगे? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250"],[53,"(a) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the above case.\n(b) What are the immediate options available to you to overcome this resistance?\n(c) What long-term strategies and systemic reforms would you suggest to address the pervasive influence of superstition and foster a scientific temperament for sustainable public health outcomes? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[57,"12. (a) आपके समक्ष विद्यमान संभावित प्रशासनिक और नैतिक दुविधाएं क्या हैं?\n(b) आपके लिए उपलब्ध सभी विकल्पों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\n(c) आप अपने निर्णय का नैतिक औचित्य सिद्ध करते हुए कौन-सी व्यापक कार्यवाही करेंगे? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)\na) आपके समक्ष विद्यमान संभावित प्रशासनिक और नैतिक दुविधाएं क्या हैं?\nb) आपके लिए उपलब्ध सभी विकल्पों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\nc) आप अपने निर्णय का नैतिक औचित्य सिद्ध करते हुए कौन-सी व्यापक कार्यवाही करेंगे? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250 शब्दों में"],[58,"(a) What are the potential administrative and ethical dilemmas you face?\n(b) Discuss all options available to you.\n(c) What comprehensive course of action would you choose to adopt, providing ethical justification for your decision? (Answer in 250 words)\na) What are the potential administrative and ethical dilemmas you face?\nb) Discuss all options available to you.\nc) What comprehensive course of action would you choose to adopt, providing ethical justification for your decision? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"]]},{"i":431,"t":"Jeenu Sri Jaswanth Chandra","c":"Forumias","p":"Essay","y":2025,"r":23,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/JEENU-SRI-JASWANTH-CHANDRA-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-23-Sample-MGP-Copy-2.pdf","q":[[3,"1. Before the borders are broken the minds are invaded.\n2. Talent and passion are only useful tools if one has the work ethic to back them up.\n3. The opportunity of interfaith dialogue: modern solution for globalised world.\n4. The only impossible journey is the one you never begin.","",""],[16,"1 Science applied is the engine of humanity.\n2 Eyes cannot see what the mind does not know.\n3 Doubt is the origin of wisdom.\n4 The relation between environment, resources and conflict is same as the connection between Democracy, human rights and peace.","",""]]},{"i":430,"t":"Jeenu Sri Jaswanth Chandra","c":"Forumias","p":"GS3","y":2025,"r":23,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/JEENU-SRI-JASWANTH-CHANDRA-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-23-Sample-MGP-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.) Foreign trade is an important milestone on the path of becoming a $5 trillion USD economy. In this context, analyse the potential of the recently released Foreign Trade Policy, 2023 in revamping India's participation in global trade.","10 marks, 150","10"],[5,"Q.2) Social protection schemes are an integral aspect of a welfare economy, however, the principles of fiscal prudence cannot be ignored. Discuss, with special reference to Old Pension Scheme (OPS).","10","150"],[7,"Q.8 What do you understand from Agritack? To what extent can it become a panacea for the problems plaguing the farm sector","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) The objective of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) to provide a long term and equitable solution to the dilemma between free trade and food security has remained unfulfilled. Comment.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) Even after five decades of the Stockholm conference, narrowing the gaps between the targets and actions remains one of the biggest challenges towards reversing climate change. Discuss. Also, recommend measures for building a coherent actionable strategy to tackle climate change.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6 What are the impediments in management of E-waste in the country? In what ways can the trinity of citizens, businesses, and the government tackle this menace?","10","150"],[15,"Q.7 How does nuclear fusion differ from nuclear fission? Assess the relevance of nuclear energy in resolving the global energy security dilemma?","10","150"],[17,"Q.8 What are run of the river hydroelectric projects? How far can run of the river hydroelectric projects balance ecological conservation with socio-economic development?","10","150"],[19,"Q.9) A robust border infrastructure is the surest way to counter multifarious threats emanating from inimical actors. Discuss, in light of Vibrant Village Programme.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10 How far can a clearly articulated National Security Strategy help in tackling challenges to national security?","10","150"],[23,"Q.11 What are the factors that influence the inflation trends in the country? Highlighting the impacts, discuss the institutional measures in place to check inflation","15","250"],[26,"Q.12 Though a cornerstone of Atmanirbhar Bharat, Production Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme is not without its own challenges. Comment.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 How is internationalisation of rupee different from De-Dollarisation? Highlighting the benefits of internationalisation of rupee, discuss the challenges associated with the same.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 What are Primary Agricultural Credit Societies? Can the cooperative push alone help in achieving the twin targets of boosting rural economy and mainstreaming small and marginal farmers?","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 Farm policies in the country have inadvertently led to undesirable consequences. Do you agree? Giving emphasis on PM PRANAM, discuss ways to enhance soil health and farm productivity.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16) What do you understand by heat waves? Highlight the reasons and impact of the rising frequency of heat waves across India. Also, recommend some measures to mitigate its impact.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 How is Chandrayaan-3 different from its predecessor, Chandrayaan-2? To what extent can India's presence in Artemis Accords help in furthering the exploration of lunar surface?","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 Research and Development is the key to unlock the potential of 'knowledge economy.' In this perspective, analyse the role of the National Research Foundation Bill, 2023 in democratizing the research ecosystem in India.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 What do you understand by the term 'Hybrid warfare.' Highlighting its implications for India, recommend measures to develop a comprehensive ecosystem to counter the same.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20) How are internal security challenges related to peace in neighbouring countries? Explain with special reference to instability on India's eastern frontier","25","250"]]},{"i":432,"t":"Jitendra","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2025,"r":287,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/PRAJAPATI-JITENDRA-MOTILALUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-287-Sample-MGP-COPY-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) \"India's democratic roots are deeply embedded in its ancient civilizational ethos.\" Discuss in the context of India being referred to as the 'Mother of Democracy'.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Elucidate the significance of tiger and elephant figures in Indian mythology, art and architecture.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) The arrival of Lord William Bentinck marked a period of transformation in the British Indian State. Discuss.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) Explain how the American War of Independence deprived Great Britain of one empire, but it strengthened the foundations of another.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5 What are Rare Earth Elements (REEs)? Discuss the multi-dimensional implications of uneven distribution of REEs in the world.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6 Highlight the salient differences between the Himalayan and the Peninsular drainage Systems.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) Describe the nature and mode of origin of the main types of rock at the earth's crust.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) The alienation of modern lifestyles from nature has contributed to the ongoing environmental crisis in India: Examine.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9) What do you understand by the term 'urbanisation of poverty'? Also, explain how urban poverty differs from rural poverty in India?","10","150"],[21,"Q.10) Globalization has redefined the idea of community and kinship in Indian society. Do you agree? Justify your answer.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11 The flourishing of various art forms during the Kushana period reflects the rich and diverse cultural landscape of the time. What insights does this provide into the socio-cultural aspects of that era?","15","250"],[26,"Q.12) Trace the events that led to the Civil Disobedience Movement. What were its outcomes?","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 Mahatma Jyotirao Phule's reformist ideas played a significant role in shaping the social foundations of the Indian freedom movement. Elaborate.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14) The interlinking of rivers offers several benefits, but also raises significant socio-economic and environmental concerns. Analyze.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 Explain the concept of rain shadow effect. How does it influence the distribution of precipitation and vegetation across mountain ranges?","15","250"],[38,"Q.16 Bring out the major features of the Indian monsoon and elaborate upon its causative factors.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 What are the geographical factors responsible for the growth of mangrove vegetation in India? Also highlight its role in coastal ecology.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18) To what extent can the rise of 'Kidfluencers' be seen as a reflection of changing family structures and parental aspirations in Indian society?","15","250"],[47,"Q.19) Women often form the backbone of grassroots movements in India, yet they remain largely invisible and excluded from the decision-making process. Examine.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 Do you agree with the view that social media is a 'double edged sword'? Discuss in the context of its impact on Indian society.","15","250"]]},{"i":433,"t":"Jitendra","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2025,"r":287,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/PRAJAPATI-JITENDRA-MOTILALUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-287-Sample-MGP-COPY-2.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) To what extent, in your opinion, have the ideals of the Preamble been realised in the country's 75-year constitutional journey?","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) The evolution of property rights in India reflects an intricate relationship that exists between individual rights and public welfare. Discuss this statement with the help of relevant constitutional provisions and case laws.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) Under what conditions can the 'National' Emergency be proclaimed by the President of India? What are the consequences when such a proclamation remains in force? When was it last imposed in the country?","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) 'Lack of a binding framework for pre-legislative consultations in India limits citizen engagement in the lawmaking.' Propose measures to strengthen the role of public consultation in the legislative process.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) 'The recommendations of the 15th Finance Commission have enabled the States to improve their fiscal conditions.' Comment.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6 In what ways do industry and business associations contribute to socio-economic development in the country? Explain with suitable examples.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7 \"India's poverty lies in the eyes of the beholder.\" In light of this statement, examine the need for a credible and periodically updated poverty estimation framework in the country.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) The Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act, 2012 falls short of achieving its intended objectives. Comment.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9 'Starved of funds, shackled by geopolitics, WHO is facing a crisis of capacity and credibility.' Discuss the statement in the light of USA's withdrawal and its accusation of the health body of being 'biased towards China and mishandling the COVID-19 pandemic'.","10","150"],[20,"4 Who's incapacity is visible in various domains from vaccines to medicine?","",""],[21,"Q.10 The world continues to operate in a 'my terrorist' versus 'your terrorist' paradigm. Explain. What strategies would you suggest to develop a unified, comprehensive, and rules-based global approach to tackle the menace of terrorism?","10","150"],[23,"Q.11 Briefly explain the procedure laid down in the Representation of the People Act (RPA), 1951 for the registration of political parties with the Election Commission of India (ECI). What are Registered Unrecognised Political Parties (RUPPs)? What concerns are associated with them? Does the ECI have powers to de-register a political party?","15","250"],[26,"Q.12 Assess the role of NITI Aayog over the past decade in promoting cooperative and competitive federalism.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 'The post of Deputy Speaker goes beyond ceremonial significance and is indispensable to Indian parliamentary democracy.' Discuss with relevant constitutional provisions and conventions. Also, examine the implications of the prolonged vacancy of the Deputy Speaker's post.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14) Is the growing demand for stricter regulation of online content justified, or does it pose a threat to the right to freedom of speech and expression? Examine in light of recent judicial pronouncements.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15) Critically examine the 'in-house procedure' adopted by the Apex Court to inquire into allegations of misconduct against judges of constitutional courts in India.","15","250"],[38,"Q:16 Recent controversies over alleged malpractices in the electoral rolls have renewed demands for the mandatory linkage of Aadhaar with Voter ID. What is your opinion? Give reasons in support of your answer.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 Lateral entry into civil services is seen as a reformative step, yet it continues to attract criticism and controversy. Discuss.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 While rankings aim to benchmark the performance of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs), concerns remain about whether current ranking frameworks reflect the broader goals of education. Suggest measures to make the ranking system more objective, inclusive, and aligned with educational and societal outcomes.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 Examine the factors behind the growing salience of the Arctic region in international politics. Discuss, in this context, strategies for India to recalibrate its Arctic engagement.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 Bangladesh is a key pillar of India's Neighborhood First policy, but recent developments on both sides threaten to disrupt the 'Sonali Adhyay' in bilateral relations. Analyze.","15","250"]]},{"i":434,"t":"Jitendra","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2025,"r":287,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/PRAJAPATI-JITENDRA-MOTILALUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-287-Sample-MGP-COPY-3.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1 \"Besides being a moral imperative of a Welfare State, primary health structure is a necessary precondition for sustainable development.\" Analyse.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) To what extent, in your opinion, will the 106th Constitutional Amendment Act help in increasing women's representation and empowerment in the Indian political process?","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) The promotion of e-governance is critical for the realization of good governance in the country. Elucidate.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) Bring out the potential opportunities of telemedicine in India. Also, elaborate on the challenges in this regard.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) The increasing elderly population in India faces numerous challenges, highlighting the need for a comprehensive policy framework to manage this demographic transition. Analyse.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) \"What was hailed as sunshine legislation, has been overshadowed by dark clouds\". Critically examine the statement in the context of implementation of Right to information Act in almost two decades, since its enactment.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) The objective of foreign policy is not only to build cordial international relations, but also to ensure national security and help citizens in pursuit of their aspirations. Discuss in context of India.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8 Elaborate on the reasons for growing importance of Africa in India's foreign policy framework. Also, underline the contemporary areas of their bilateral engagement.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9) Immediate neighbours are \"the first circle of priority\" in India's relation with the world. In this context, highlight the salient features of 'Neighbourhood First' policy. Also, mention the associated challenges.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10 Indo-US relations are more robust than ever, but the deepening of the relationship is not without challenges. Analyse.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11 \"Digital interventions can significantly bridge the learning gaps and improve outcomes in the educational system of the country, but it comes with its own set of challenges\". Comment.","15","250"],[24,"Challenges in digital interventions in education system","",""],[26,"Q.12) The various developmental initiatives by the government have fallen short of achieving their intended objectives. Is it a design issue or an implementation bottleneck? Suggest measures to improve the effectiveness of developmental schemes.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 An archaic and obsolete edifice of civil services does not augur well for a welfare state. Examine the various issues surrounding the civil services in the country. What suggestions would you make for their reform?","15","250"],[32,"Q.14) What do you understand by hidden hunger? Identifying the causes, suggest measures to address the challenge of hidden hunger in the country.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 \"The fight against poverty is at the core of the Sustainable Development Goals\". In this context, highlight the interlinkages between poverty alleviation and various SDGs. Also, assess the effectiveness of the measures taken by the government for achieving the same.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16) Discuss the role played by the Swachh Bharat Mission over the past decade in bringing a positive change in life of women, children and marginalized communities.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 \"Non-alignment remains a guiding principle, yet the national foreign policy also reflects traits that contrast with it\". Elaborate.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 The shifting geopolitical dynamics cast a shadow on the India-Russia relationship, but it remains resilient, rooted in trust and shared interests. Examine.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 SCO is seen as a major coordinating and balancing force in the region; however, its position is increasingly challenged by internal contradictions and divergences. In this context, critically evaluate the relevance of SCO in advancing India's interests.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20) Explain the factors that make Indo-Pacific a region of significance for India. What are the impediments in reaping the geo-strategic potential of the Indo-Pacific?","15","250"],[54,"When must you seek mentorship?","",""]]},{"i":435,"t":"Jitendra","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":2025,"r":287,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/PRAJAPATI-JITENDRA-MOTILALUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-287-Sample-MGP-COPY-4.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) What constitutes journalistic ethics? Highlight the role of media, particularly mass media, in shaping ethical values in contemporary times.","10","150"],[5,"b) The increasing use of digital surveillance technologies for maintaining law and order is a debatable issue. Critically examine the statement from the ethical point of view.","10","150"],[7,"Q.2) a) What do you understand by value conflict? Give an example from your personal life where you faced a conflict between two values. How did you resolve it?","10","150"],[9,"b) Knowledge and skills are important, but they must be grounded in ethical principles for true success. In this context, discuss the importance of ethics in education and the role of educational institutions in imparting ethical values.","10","150"],[11,"Q.3) Given below are three quotations of great thinkers. What do each of these quotations convey to you in the present context?\na) \"Where do the evils like corruption arise from? It comes from the never-ending greed. The fight for corruption-free ethical society will have to be fought against this greed and replace it with 'what can I give' spirit.\" - A.P.J. Abdul Kalam","10","150"],[12,"What can I give spirit following ways","",""],[13,"b) \"Your goodness is an impediment in your way, so let your eyes be red with anger, and try to fight the injustice with a firm hand.\" Sardar Patel","10","150"],[15,"c) \"Nearly all men can stand adversity, but if you want to test a man's character, give him power.\" Abraham Lincoln","10","150"],[17,"Q.4) a) How does persuasion help achieve a desired change in attitude? What are the elements of an effective persuasive approach?","10","150"],[19,"b) While ethics in private and public relations may differ, their impact on one another is undeniable. Discuss with examples.","10","150"],[21,"Q.5) a) How can responsible and informed social media use be nurtured among children to make the internet a safer space for them?","10","150"],[23,"b) The philanthropy of influential personalities can serve as a catalyst for fostering ethical conduct and responsibility in society. Explain with the help of examples.","10","150"],[25,"Q.6) a) \"In an increasingly complex world, emotional intelligence is a vital skill for civil servants, enabling them to navigate challenges, engage with diverse communities, and drive positive change.\" Elaborate.","10","150"],[27,"b) How has the evolution of data-driven targeting from service personalization to behavioral prediction created new ethical challenges for society? Discuss with examples.","10","150"],[29,"Q.7) You are a young and sincere employee who has recently joined a government office as an assistant to the director of your department. Being new to the workplace, you are eager to learn and grow in your role. Your superior, the director, is an experienced and intelligent person with extensive knowledge of various departments. You respect him not just for his professional skills but also for his willingness to guide and mentor you. You have built a good rapport with him and appreciate the chance to learn from such an accomplished individual.\n\nAs your relationship with your boss grows, he begins to rely on you more for work-related tasks. One day, due to ill health, he invites you to his home to help with some urgent work. When you reach his house and are about to ring the doorbell, you hear shouting from inside. Unsure of what to do, you pause for a moment but then decide to enter. Your boss greets you warmly and explains the work, but throughout, you are distracted by the sound of a woman crying in the background.\n\nInitially, you hesitate to ask about the situation, but your concern grows. Finally, you ask your boss about the noise, but his answer is vague and unsatisfactory. He quickly dismisses the matter. Although you finish the work, the unsettling environment leaves you feeling uneasy.\n\nThe next day, you discreetly inquire at the office and learn more about the situation. You discover that, despite your boss's calm and professional demeanour at work, he is abusive toward his wife at home. His wife is a simple woman, not highly educated, and suffers from regular domestic violence. This information shocks you, as it conflicts with the positive image you had of him based on your interactions at work.\n\nThis knowledge puts you in a difficult moral dilemma. On one hand, you respect your boss for his guidance, intelligence, and professionalism. On the other hand, you are aware of his unethical behaviour at home, which violates basic human rights and ethical principles. You struggle to reconcile the two sides of his character, finding it hard to balance your professional relationship with the awareness of his abusive actions at home.\na. Under the given conditions, what are the options available to you? Evaluate each of the options listed by you.\nb. What course of action would you adopt and why?","20","20"],[30,"a. दी गई परिस्थितियों में आपके पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं? आपके द्वारा सूचीबद्ध प्रत्येक विकल्प का मूल्यांकन करें।\nb. आप कौन-सा कदम उठाएँगे और क्यों?","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[34,"Q.8) Gaurav is traveling with his wife and children in their car on a busy Sunday evening. The road is packed with traffic, and the vehicles are barely moving. As they inch forward, Gaurav notices a biker trying to weave through the congested road. In his attempt, the biker accidentally collides with an SUV that is illegally parked in a No Parking Zone. The impact causes the rear-view mirror of the SUV to break, injuring the biker, who starts bleeding profusely.\n\nHearing the loud noise, the owner of the SUV, a local councillor, rushes out of his car in a rage. Furious about the damage, the councillor grabs a metal rod and starts hitting the injured biker. The situation quickly escalates as the councillor vents his anger on the defenceless, bleeding biker. The sight of the violence shocks Gaurav, who is watching from his car.\n\nInstinctively, Gaurav feels the urge to intervene and help the biker, who is being mercilessly beaten. However, as he opens his car door and takes a step forward, his wife stops him. She reminds him of the danger in confronting someone as powerful as the local councillor, especially when Gaurav is unarmed. She points out the risks of standing up to him and the possible consequences that could put their family in harm's way. With their children in the car and the councillor's aggressive behaviour, her concerns about safety seem valid to Gaurav.\n\nHis wife further points out that despite the number of people witnessing the incident, none of them are stepping forward to help. She questions why Gaurav should risk his safety when no one else is willing to take action. This argument adds to Gaurav's growing sense of hesitation, as he sees others choosing to remain bystanders, unwilling to intervene in the dangerous situation.\n\nGaurav glances around from his car window and notices a police constable standing near the scene. For a moment, he feels relieved, hoping that the officer will intervene to stop the violence. However, to his dismay, the officer remains passive, merely watching the councillor continue his assault without stepping in to help. This leaves Gaurav even more conflicted about what to do.\na. Discuss the ethical issues involved in this case.\nb. What are the reasons behind rise of road rage incidents in the country?\nc. Suggest measures to reduce incidents of road rage and promote responsible behaviour in public spaces.","20","250"],[35,"a. इस मामले में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा करें।\nb. देश में सड़क पर रोष की घटनाओं में वृद्धि के पीछे क्या कारण है?\nc. सड़क पर रोष की घटनाओं को कम करने और सार्वजनिक स्थानों पर उत्तरदायी व्यवहार को बढ़ावा देने के उपाय सुझाएँ।","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[39,"Q.9 In a southern Indian state, a globally renowned high end mobile manufacturing company advertised job vacancies, attracting many hopeful applicants. Among them were two sisters from a nearby village who applied after seeing advertisements on WhatsApp. Upon arrival at the factory's main gate, a security guard met them and asked a series of questions, including an inquiry about their marital status. After confirming that they were married, they were informed that they could not proceed further. No explanation was provided, leaving them confused and disappointed.\n\nBack in their village, the sisters reflected on their experience and felt dismayed at being denied an opportunity without a clear reason. Even the auto-rickshaw driver who took them to the facility had hinted that married women might not be hired, yet they still hoped for a fair chance.\n\nSubsequent investigations by a prominent international news agency revealed a pattern at the manufacturing facility where married women were systematically excluded from employment opportunities. This practice was not officially documented but was communicated verbally to recruitment agencies responsible for hiring. The revelations sparked significant media uproar, drawing public attention to the issue. The Union Labour Ministry also took cognizance of the situation and sought a report from the state government regarding these discriminatory hiring practices.\n\nUnfortunately, such discriminatory practices are not uncommon in various parts of the world, reflecting broader issues of gender attitudes that persist in many societies.\na. Discuss the ethical issues involved in the case study.\nb. What can be the underlying reasons for discriminatory attitudes toward hiring married women by the company?\nc. How can organizations promote gender equity in their hiring practices?","20","250"],[43,"Q.10 Ramesh has been appointed as the Municipal Commissioner of a coastal city that is grappling with the recurring problem of flooding. Over the years, these floods have led to significant loss of life and extensive property damage, raising serious concerns among residents and policymakers alike. In response to this persistent challenge, Ramesh is committed to finding effective solutions. To identify and address the root causes of the flooding, he established an expert committee tasked with analyzing the situation comprehensively and proposing actionable recommendations.\n\nFollowing extensive and thorough field surveys, the committee identified two primary factors contributing to the city's increasing vulnerability to floods. The first factor is the degradation of wetlands, which serve as critical natural buffers against flooding and play a vital role in maintaining the ecological balance. The second factor is the illegal encroachments on the flood plains of seasonal streams. These encroachments have significantly reduced the streams' ability to carry water, increasing the risk of flooding. In light of these findings, the committee proposed two major interventions: the restoration of wetlands and the removal of unauthorized encroachments on the flood plains. These actions are aimed at effectively restoring the city's natural drainage system and mitigating future flood risks.\n\nRamesh recognizes the necessity of implementing these measures to ensure the city's long-term safety and resilience against flooding. However, he is also aware of the potential human cost associated with these interventions. The illegal structures in question are inhabited by marginalized migrant laborers, and their removal would render many families homeless, significantly impacting their livelihoods. Despite his personal reservations regarding the social implications of these actions, Ramesh feels compelled to proceed with the committee's recommendations, as he believes they are essential for preventing future disasters.\n\nSubsequently, the operation to remove encroachments was launched with the deployment of a police force to ensure safety and order throughout the process. As the clearance of encroachments commenced, the affected residents expressed their opposition vigorously. Protests escalated into violent confrontations, resulting in assaults on officers and vandalism of government vehicles. The situation quickly deteriorated. When the police attempted to disperse the crowd, a stampede ensued. Tragically, this chaos resulted in the deaths of two elderly men. As the in-charge of the situation, Ramesh feels that these lives could have been saved if he had acted differently.\na. Identify the various value conflicts faced by Ramesh in his role as Municipal Commissioner.\nb. Analyze the decision to remove unauthorized encroachments on the flood plains from an ethical perspective.\nc. If you were in Ramesh's position and in charge of the situation, how would you have approached the challenges presented by the encroachment clearance and the resulting protests?","20","250"],[44,"a. नगर आयुक्त के रूप में रमेश द्वारा सामना किए गए विभिन्न मूल्य संघर्षों की पहचान करें।\nb. बांध के मैदानों पर अनधिकृत अतिक्रमण हटाने के निर्णय का नैतिक दृष्टिकोण से विश्लेषण करें।\nc. यदि आप रमेश की स्थिति में होते और स्थिति के प्रभारी होते, तो अतिक्रमण हटाने और उसके परिणामस्वरूप होने वाले विरोध प्रदर्शनों से उत्पन्न चुनौतियों का आप किस प्रकार सामना करते?\na नगर आयुक्त के रूप में रमेश द्वारा सामना किए गए विभिन्न मूल्य संघर्षों की पहचान करें।\nb बांध के मैदानों पर अनधिकृत अतिक्रमण हटाने के निर्णय का नैतिक दृष्टिकोण से विश्लेषण करें।\nc यदि आप रमेश की स्थिति में होते और स्थिति के प्रभारी होते, तो अतिक्रमण हटाने और उसके परिणामस्वरूप होने वाले विरोध प्रदर्शनों से उत्पन्न चुनौतियों का आप किस प्रकार सामना करते?","20 अंक","250 शब्द"],[48,"Q.11) Prashant works in a multinational company in a metropolitan city and is visiting his native village during his holiday. While reading the newspaper at home, he came across a distressing news article about a newlywed couple who tragically died in a road accident. Their motorcycle lost control and crashed into a roadside boulder. The police report indicated that none of the riders were wearing helmets, emphasizing that their fatal head injuries could have been avoided had they used this critical safety equipment.\nA few days later, Prashant and his five friends from the village decided to take a road trip to the hills of a neighboring state on their two-wheelers. While riding through urban areas, all the friends wore their helmets, and Prashant felt proud that they prioritized road safety. However, once they entered rural areas, Prashant noticed that everyone removed their helmets almost immediately. He found this behavior puzzling. When he inquired about it, his friends explained that helmet use is strictly enforced in urban areas, where violations can result in hefty fines. In contrast, enforcement is lax in rural areas. As an aware citizen who values road safety and adherence to regulations, Prashant is conscious of the importance of following safety protocols, including helmet use. Concerned for their safety, he encouraged his friends to keep their helmets on. He explained that one should wear helmets not just because it is a legal requirement, but for one's own safety, as helmets significantly reduce the risk of serious injury or death in the event of an accident. Upon hearing this, Prashant's friends teased him, suggesting that he had become too influenced by urban attitudes.\nWhile riding through a scenic area, they passed by a deep gorge and witnessed a motorcycle accident where a rider lost control and crashed into the ravine. The sight was alarming and reminded Prashant of the news article he had read. Once again, he urged his friends to wear their helmets. This time, his friends grew irritated and dismissed Prashant's concerns as unnecessary fear. Prashant recognized that they held a prevailing negative attitude toward wearing helmets, seeing them as an imposition rather than a safeguard.\na Why is there a negative attitude among people regarding wearing helmets?\nb What measures can be taken to bring about positive changes in this attitude?","20","250"],[52,"Q.12) You are the District Magistrate in a region characterized by strong adherence to traditional social norms. While there has been significant legal progress in terms of recognizing the rights of the LGBTQIA+ community, including the decriminalization of Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code, societal acceptance of this community remains limited. A group of LGBTQIA+ activists recently approached your office, seeking permission to organize a public awareness campaign aimed at promoting acceptance and understanding of gender diversity. The campaign would involve several activities, including seminars in educational institutions to raise awareness about the rights and challenges faced by the LGBTQIA+ community, a Pride march to celebrate diversity, and the distribution of educational material to promote better understanding of gender identity and sexual orientation. The activists argue that their campaign is in line with the legal developments and human rights frameworks endorsed by the Indian Constitution, and they believe such efforts are essential to promote inclusivity. This initiative is also a way to address stigma and discrimination, fostering a more inclusive environment for the LGBTQIA+ community, which has long been marginalized in society.\n\nHowever, significant opposition to this initiative has emerged, particularly from local religious and community leaders. These leaders argue that such a campaign challenges the deeply rooted cultural and religious values of the region. They fear that openly promoting LGBTQIA+ rights and gender diversity might encourage practices that they believe contradict their traditional beliefs. Some leaders even warned that the campaign could lead to unrest, disrupt social harmony, and provoke protests within the district. The arguments put forth by the opponents of the campaign are grounded in their belief that the recognition and celebration of LGBTQIA+ rights could have a destabilizing effect on the social cohesion of the community. Many of them hold conservative views about gender roles and sexuality, considering the campaign as an affront to their customs and ethos. These concerns are widespread among older generations, and religious bodies fear that such activities could influence younger minds and lead to cultural erosion.\n\nOn the other hand, a younger and more progressive section of the community has expressed strong support for the initiative. They argue that embracing diversity and promoting equality is essential for a modern and inclusive society. This group believes that public campaigns, such as the one proposed, are crucial for educating the masses and eliminating prejudices. They see the campaign as a positive step toward equality and acceptance, aligned with the constitutional values of non-discrimination and equal rights.\na What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by you?\nb Evaluate the options available to you, being District Magistrate of the area.\nc How would you manage and mold the attitudes of conservative groups to ensure harmony in the district while promoting acceptance of the LGBTQIA+ community?","20","20"],[53,"a. इस परिस्थिति में आपके सामने कौन सी नैतिक दुविधाएं हैं?\nb. क्षेत्र के जिला मजिस्ट्रेट होने के नाते आप अपने पास उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन करें।\nc. आप LGBTQIA+ समुदाय की स्वीकृति को बढ़ावा देते हुए जिले में सद्भाव सुनिश्चित करने के लिए रूढ़िवादी समूहों की मनोवृत्ति को कैसे प्रभावित और ढालेंगे?\na इस परिस्थिति में आपके सामने कौन सी नैतिक दुविधाएं हैं?\nb क्षेत्र के जिला मजिस्ट्रेट होने के नाते आप अपने पास उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन करें।\nc आप LGBTQIA+ समुदाय की स्वीकृति को बढ़ावा देते हुए जिले में सद्भाव सुनिश्चित करने के लिए रूढ़िवादी समूहों की मनोवृत्ति को कैसे प्रभावित और ढालेंगे?","20 अंक","20 अंक"]]},{"i":981,"t":"Junaid Ahmad","c":"Vision","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1x_aAMk7sbbOR-urPXCcR5I-PheLbtTPp/view","q":[[3,"1. (a) The more remotely power is exercised from the people, the greater is the distance between authority and accountability. Discuss.","10","not more than 150"],[5,"1. (b) \"If you want others to be happy, practice compassion. If you want to be happy, practice compassion\". In what ways can a compassionate public official be more useful for realizing public service goals?","10",""],[7,"2. (a) The recent decision by the government to ban use of red beacons is only a symbolic gesture and a lot more needs to be done to end the VIP culture in India. Critically discuss.","10",""],[9,"2. (b) To what extent can financial incentives help shape attitude towards social issues? Discuss with relevant examples.","10",""],[11,"3. (a) At times, moral behaviour can be constrained by the complexity of legal system. Explain. In this context, explain the purpose of legal protection for good samaritans in the case of road accidents.","10",""],[13,"3. (b) Examine the different ethical issues involved in the use of public shaming as a punitive measure. Do you think this is an appropriate measure to address the problem of rising crime rates.","10",""],[15,"4. (a) Why did Gunnar Myrdal use the term 'soft state' in the context of South Asia? Do you think such a characterisation is still relevant in the case of India today?","10",""],[17,"4. (b) Intolerance can be linked both to prejudices and value judgments. Elaborate with relevant examples. Also discuss how intolerance can be countered in a multicultural society like India.","10",""],[19,"5. Social attitude towards corruption has become more forgiving with time leading to a view of illegal gains and misappropriation of public assets as a \"rightful\" individual prerogative. Analyse in the context of India.","10",""],[21,"6. What are the factors which draw people to public service? Suggest measures to keep public servants motivated.","10",""],[23,"7. Corporate Governance provides a framework that defines the rights, roles and responsibilities of various groups within an organization. (a) Elaborate the need to incorporate the principles of Corporate Governance to enhance the effectiveness of the public sector enterprises. (b) Identify the challenges specific to the public sector when it comes to the application of good practices of corporate governance.\na) Elaborate the need to incorporate the principles of Corporate Governance to enhance the effectiveness of the public sector enterprises.\nb) Identify the challenges specific to the public sector when it comes to the application of good practices of corporate governance.","10",""],[25,"8. Emotions, earlier considered as an irrational factor in decision-making, are now recognised as a critical factor of judgment. In this regard, answer the following questions:\n(a) How can Emotional Intelligence help in coping with the intense pressure and occupational stress faced by police officers and armed forces in discharge of their duties?\n(b) What are the some of the concerns in incorporating and assessment of emotional intelligence skills in public service?","10",""],[27,"9. You, a manager in one of the top IT firms in the country, are tasked with hiring new recruits for an upcoming project. You find that the company has given tacit instructions of not hiring female candidates in view of the new maternity law passed by the Government. You find this highly objectionable and lodge a protest with people in the higher management but they are firm as they want to cut down all the unnecessary costs. Based on this information, answer the following questions:\n(a) Identify the stakeholders and their interests in the situation.\n(b) What are the dilemmas that a recruiting manager may face in such a scenario?\n(c) What are the different options available to you? Which one will you pursue and why?","20",""],[32,"10. There has been a perceptible rise in the cost of healthcare services provided by private hospitals. In absence of adequate and quality government hospitals, people are forced to opt for private hospitals, especially for life threatening diseases and injuries. You recently visit one of your friends admitted in a famous private hospital. You found out that the hospital is charging a huge amount of money, which seems to be unreasonable. You confront the staff and ask them to explain the rationale behind such high charges.\n\nTheir response is that the charges are fair for the kind of services they are providing.\n(a) What are the ethical issues involved in this situation?\n(b) Given how other professions price their services, discuss the feasibility of capping the amount of fees charged by doctors and private hospitals.\n(c) How can the provision of quality services and need for profit be reconciled with society's interests in this case?","20",""],[37,"11. You are the District Magistrate in a district where a significant number of transgenders reside. While discrimination against the community is well known, commuters increasingly complain of harassment at their hands, especially at traffic junctions where transgenders are mostly involved in begging. This, at times, also leads to traffic management issues. You have received a number of complaints in this regard and have to act quickly to resolve it. However, a group of transgender associations argue that begging is their only source of livelihood.\nGiven the situation, answer the following questions:\n(a) Describe the ethical issues involved in this case. Discuss the attitude of people towards transgenders in general and reasons for the same.\n(b) What possible courses of action can be undertaken in such situations? Discuss their merits and demerits.","20",""],[42,"12. Mr. X is the head of an NGO working in the field of environment conservation and protection. He is in dire need of funds for the NGO's operations and payments to his staff. He is approached by an official of a large infrastructure company, who is ready to provide the required funding for the NGO. But, in a quid pro quo, he asks Mr. X to raise objections over the bypassing of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) norms in an ongoing PPP project through his NGO. This project is being implemented by a rival infrastructure company. Mr. X knows that there have been instances of high level corruption in the process of granting EIA to mega projects and the information provided by the official seems to be authentic. Hence, he accepts the money and agrees to raise the objection.\n(a) Considering the circumstances of the case, is Mr. X correct in accepting the money? Give appropriate reasons for your answer.\n(b) If you were in place of Mr. X, what would have been your course of action? Give reasons for it.","20",""],[47,"13. You are a civil servant posted in a state where elections were recently held. The newly elected Chief Minister had promised to ban alcohol in several of his election campaigns as well as his election manifesto, which was widely praised and supported by women of the state. Fulfilling his electoral promise, the Chief Minister has ordered a blanket ban on the sale of alcohol in the state. Following the ban, concerns have been raised about the feasibility of the ban and whether the government should interfere in what is considered by many to be a matter of personal choice.\n(a) Who are the stakeholders in this case and how are they affected by the ban?\n(b) Is blanket ban on alcohol a feasible action?\n(c) Identify the issues that may arise while enforcing the ban and the steps you will take to handle them, as a civil servant.","25",""],[53,"14. Regulation and procedure of human clinical trials vary from nation to nation. Stem cell research, as an emerging biomedical field, requires approval for human trials and encounters multiple challenges. You are the head of a team of scientists who developed a new Tissue Engineering system, which appears to be a promising means of regenerating heart tissue. Trials of the system have already been conducted on animals and yielded good results. Millions of people suffering from critical heart diseases would benefit immensely if this medication is immediately made available to them. However, you need to conduct human clinical trials before it could be commercialised. It is also known that the stringent regulatory environment in the country will mean that human trials and final approval will take many years before it is made commercially available. On the other hand, regulation of clinical trials in many poor countries is weak and quick approval is possible. Many of your competitors also resort to human trials in these countries, often bribing the officials for getting quick approvals. Given this situation, answer the following questions:\n(a) Identify the ethical issues which arise during clinical trials.\n(b) Given the above situation, would you prefer to shift human trials to a third country where regulations are lax? Give reasons in support of your choice.\n(c) Suggest a framework of standard procedure to minimise ethical conflicts and speed-up the approval process of new medicines.","",""]]},{"i":982,"t":"Junaid Ahmad","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1T7v5hfG_Z1HwaaJPMoc2I84tiOgDkKoK/view","q":[[3,"1. (a) The seeds of patriarchy and gender inequality are sown at home, which manifest as a weed at the societal level. Elucidate. Suggest an ethical framework to systematically address the issue of patriarchy in the Indian society.","10","not more than 150"],[5,"1. (b) What are the factors which drive people to take law in their own hands rather than following the due process of law? Discuss ways to address the problem of mob justice.","10",""],[7,"2. (a) In a democracy, the purpose of the government should be to make it easy for people to do good and difficult to do wrong. Comment.","10",""],[9,"2. (b) Discuss John Stuart Mill's idea on freedom of thought and expression. Also, give reasons as to why, according to Mill, representative democracy is the best form of government despite its inherent weaknesses.","10",""],[11,"3. (a) It is argued by some that nuclear weapons have acted more as a deterrent than leading to war and mass destruction. In this context, discuss whether it is ethically right to possess nuclear weapons to create nuclear deterrence.","10",""],[13,"3. (b) Differentiate between administration and leadership. Highlighting the traits which characterize an effective leader, discuss the importance of leadership in ensuring effective public service delivery in a bureaucratic setup.","10",""],[15,"4. (a) Apart from functional knowledge and expertise, the efficacy of a civil servant also depends upon his emotional intelligence. How does emotional intelligence contribute to efficacy? How can civil servants enhance their emotional intelligence?","10",""],[17,"4. (b) Enumerate the mechanisms that promote accountability of public officials in discharging their functions and responsibilities in India. Also discuss why ensuring accountability for performance is not a simple task in government service.","10",""],[19,"5 Given below are two quotations of moral thinkers/philosophers. For each of these, bring out what it means to you in the present context.\n(a) “The greatness of a nation and its moral progress can be judged by the way its animals are treated.”","10",""],[21,"5. (b) \"Prejudices are what fools use for reason.\"","10",""],[23,"6. Ensuring that government decisions are not influenced by public officials' private interests is a growing concern. Discuss in the context of India. Also enumerate the core principles reflected by OECD guidelines for managing conflict of interest in the public sector.","10",""],[25,"7. Discuss, with examples, the significance of principles of public life as recommended by Nolan committee. Why are these principles considered as an essential set of expectations from public servants?","10",""],[27,"8. A peculiar inhuman situation exists for the people fleeing from war zones - they cannot go back to their homeland for fear of being persecuted and no country is ready to bear their burden due to various reasons. Citing contemporary examples, discuss the ethical issues involved in such situations.","10",""],[29,"9. As the administrator in-charge of your area, you are witness to the widespread food wastage in lavish parties as well as in restaurants and eateries, on one hand and people starving due to inability to ensure one square-meal a day, on the other. Realizing that it is not the scarcity of resources, but the habit of people that is causing paucity in availability of food, you decide that certain measures are needed to be taken in order to deal with the issue of starvation at the grassroot level.\n(a) Identify the ethical issues involved in this case.\n(b) What measures would you take to deal with wastage of food in your area?\n(c) What explains this co-existence of affluence and hunger in developing countries like India?","20","in around 250"],[34,"10. The excluded and marginalized section of society are worst hit by globalization. Take the case of Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) like Sentinelese of Andaman & Nicobar islands; their population has reduced drastically and they are facing various other problems as well. In this context answer the following questions:\n(a) What are the challenges faced by PVTGs due to globalisation?\n(b) If you are posted as a Development Officer in such an area, what will be your priorities to reduce their vulnerabilities and ensure welfare?","","20"],[39,"11. Undercover journalism exposes injustices, negligence, corruption and wrongdoing and yet going undercover to expose wrongdoing remains controversial. But, undercover journalists contend that they are fulfilling a fundamental duty of finding truth through their journalism. They argue that public enlightenment is the forerunner of justice and the foundation of democracy and the duty of the journalist is to further those ends by seeking truth and providing a fair and comprehensive account of events and issues. So, there are some supporters of this kind of journalism, which sometimes infringe the privacy of individuals. However, some journalists also urge avoiding surreptitious methods of gathering information except when traditional open methods will not yield information vital to the public. In this context, answer the following questions:\n(a) What are the ethical issues involved in the practice of undercover journalism?\n(b) Do you support the practice of undercover investigation by journalists? Give reasons in support of your answer.","20",""],[44,"12. You are the chief executive of ABC Ltd., an automotive component manufacturing company. Until recently, all of your production plants were located in City X. However, the cost of production has risen, causing profits to decline. A number of factors have led to an increase in the production costs. First, the union representing the workers in your plant waged a successful strike resulting in increased salary and benefits. A second factor has been imposition of stringent environmental regulations. Shareholders are concerned about the declining fortunes of the company. Many of the competitors have moved their operations to less-developed cities, where the operating costs are less than in City X. ABC Ltd. is a major employer in the city where it is located, and you know that a plant closure will cause economic dislocation in the city.\nGiven the situation, answer the following questions:\n(a) What are the ethical issues involved in this case?\n(b) How can the interests of different stakeholders be reconciled in this case?","",""],[49,"13. You are posted as a District Education Officer (DEO) in a Maoist affected district. You have been specifically given the responsibility to work on the literacy mission. After reading the education reports and doing field visits, you find that the number of out of school children has increased drastically and the motivation among students and teachers is also low. While certain basic infrastructure is already in place, the major hurdle in attracting students to these schools include the attitude of inhabitants towards education and the security risks involved in sending children to schools. Given the situation, answer the following questions:\n(a) Analyse the reasons behind such an attitude.\n(b) As a DEO, what are the steps that you would take in order to increase the school attendance and change the prevalent attitude of inhabitants towards education?","20",""],[54,"14 Mr. Pradeep is a senior civil servant in the central government and is involved in the budgeting department. In the course of performing his duties, he comes to know about diversion of funds earmarked for SC/ST sub-plan for other purposes. While he is not directly responsible for this aspect of the budget, he raised his concerns to the department concerned. He also learns that the minister responsible as well as senior most civil servants are aware of the practice and have given tacit approval for it. Soon thereafter, Pradeep was summoned to talk on the issue and was told that since the matter is not within his jurisdiction, he should 'keep his nose out of it'. After much soul searching, Pradeep decided to obey his supervisors by leaving the matter alone. Based on the information given, answer the following questions:\n(a) Elaborate on the internal dissonance that Pradeep faces in the given situation.\n(b) On what basis can the decision of Pradeep be justified?\n(c) Had you been in Pradeep's place, what would have been the course of action chosen by you? Recognise the merits and demerits, if any","","20"]]},{"i":440,"t":"K N Chandana Jahnavi","c":"Nextias","p":"GS1","y":null,"r":50,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/ee21bf4c91767f03906ea17bc7230b10/84/air-50-k-n-chandana-jahnavi_test-5_gs1.pdf","q":[[6,"1. How did the ancient trade routes connecting India to foreign countries contribute to the exchange and dissemination of culture?","10","Answer in 150"],[8,"2. The Quit India movement was a people's movement cutting across the class divides but it was the women's leadership that left a clear mark. Analyse.","10","150"],[10,"3. 'The hallmark of post-Independent India has been its remarkable strides in science and technology'. To what extent did scientific development during this period put India on the path of modernity?","10","150"],[12,"4. Discuss the feasibility of Interlinking rivers to resolve the issue of water stress in other regions.","10","150"],[14,"5. How will the structural shift from coal-based power plants to renewable energy generation impact human development in coal-bearing states?","10","Answer in 150"],[16,"6. To what extent temperature and precipitation are the most important factors that determine soil properties?","10","150"],[18,"7. Why are severe and intense cyclones becoming a regular phenomenon in the Arabian Sea? Substantiate with examples.","10","150"],[20,"8. In the context of cultural diversity in India, can we consider Southern states as distinct cultural units in comparison to the rest of India? Substantiate your view.","10","150"],[22,"9. Poverty and population growth are locked in a vicious cycle, where poverty restricts individuals' ability to break free from the cycle, while population growth strains resources. Discuss.","10","150"],[24,"10. India has a rich heritage in the internationalization of education. In this context how will the recent push for the 'internationalization of education' impact society and foster cultural exchange?","10","150"],[26,"11. 'Although there were many differences between the Gandhara and Mathura art, they considerably influenced the Amravati school of art.' Elaborate.","15","Answer in 250"],[29,"12. 'England's Industrial Revolution not only transformed the economic landscape but also had far-reaching social and cultural impacts'. Discuss.","15","250"],[32,"13. How did the social reform and ideological struggle against the backward traditional elements and hegemony of colonial culture in the nineteenth century influence the emergence of a distinct cultural identity and national consciousness?","15","250"],[35,"14. How does temperature inversion affect atmospheric conditions and what are its implications for local weather patterns and air pollution levels?","15","250"],[38,"15. What are the geographical factors responsible for mangrove vegetation in India? How does climate change pose a threat to mangrove vegetation in India?","15","Answer in 250"],[41,"16. What are the geographical and economic factors that influence the location of the sugar industry, and how do they contribute to the growth of the industry in India and different parts of the world?","15","250"],[44,"17 What are the key strategies used in dryland farming to overcome water scarcity and maximize agricultural productivity in arid and semi-arid regions? Also, discuss the need to promote dryland farming in India.","15","250"],[47,"18. How has the contemporary women's movement encompassed diverse approaches beyond traditional methods? Also, highlight the unique contribution and challenges of the contemporary women's movement.","15","250"],[50,"19. Do you think that the forces of modernization that catalyzed the eradication of social evils in Indian society have also threatened our cultural values and ethos?","15","Answer in 150"],[53,"20. In the context of states in India evaluate the relationship between regional disparity and sentiments of regionalism. Is regionalism antagonistic to the idea of nationalism?","15","Answer in 150"]]},{"i":438,"t":"K N Chandana Jahnavi","c":"Nextias","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":50,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/ee21bf4c91767f03906ea17bc7230b10/73/air-50-k-n-chandana-jahnavi_test-6_gs2.pdf","q":[[6,"1. \"Interstate border disputes, if not promptly and impartially settled, can transform into persistent issues that impede development and generate friction\". Highlighting the constitutional and legal framework to resolve interstate disputes, explain why Independent India has failed to resolve inter-state border disputes.","10","150"],[8,"2. Examine the role of the Inter-state Council in promoting vertical (Centre-State) and horizontal (Inter-State) Intergovernmental cooperation and coordination.","10","150"],[10,"3. Discuss the key function of the Public Accounts Committee (PAC). What steps should be taken to revamp the Public Accounts Committee (PAC) in order to enhance its effectiveness as a true guardian of public funds?","10","150"],[12,"4. Recognizing the pivotal role of urbanization as a driver of national economic growth, the Fifteenth Finance Commission has suggested major reforms for Urban Local Bodies. Evaluate the recommendations put forward by the Fifteenth Finance Commission in promoting and revitalizing ULBs in India.","10","Answer in 150"],[14,"5. Highlight the key differences in the scope of Freedom of speech and expression as provided under Parliamentary privileges vis a vis Fundamental rights. Why is it necessary to maintain a balance between parliamentary privilege and fundamental rights?","10","150"],[16,"6. Civil society organizations, play a pivotal role in fostering \"collective private action for the public good\". What challenges do they face in local resource mobilization (LRM) and corporate funding through corporate social responsibility (CSR)? Also, suggest measures.","10","150"],[18,"7. The first step to eradicating poverty is reliable poverty assessment for program design, implementation, and monitoring. In this context discuss the methodology and significance of NITI Aayog's National Multidimensional Poverty Index.","10","150"],[20,"8. In the context of India, despite the presence of constitutional provisions, legal precedents, and international commitments that establish a robust foundation for a right to health, why has there been a lack of explicit legal recognition of this right?","10","150"],[22,"9. The collective strength of BRICS nations allows for meaningful cooperation on myriad issues, however, the platform's ability to influence the trajectory of bilateral relationships remains limited. Do you agree?","10","150"],[24,"10. In light of the recent demands to amend the Indus Waters Treaty, discuss the possible implications it could have on the water-sharing mechanism between India and Pakistan.","10","150"],[26,"11. The doctrine of Parliamentary sovereignty and judicial supremacy has exerted considerable influence in shaping the constitutional frameworks of India and the USA. Citing relevant case laws discuss the role of the judiciary in influencing the constitutions in these countries. Is the scope of judicial review wider in India?","15","Answer in 250"],[29,"12. Delimitation of seats is essential to ensure fair representation and uphold the principles of one vote, one value. Highlighting the challenges posed by misrepresentation in constituencies analyze the ramifications of population-based delimitation in creating federal tension.","15","Answer in 250"],[32,"13. Discuss the role of the Supreme Court of India in strengthening the hands of the Election Commission in the discharge of its constitutional responsibility of conducting free and fair elections in the country.","15","250"],[35,"14 The declining role of Parliament undermines the fundamental principle of separation of powers, as it diminishes the legislature's ability to serve as a check on the executive branch and ensure a balanced exercise of power. Discuss.","15","250"],[38,"15 Discuss the crucial role played by the National Commission of Women in shaping the discourse on gender-sensitive laws in India. To what extent the elevation of the National Commission for Women to a constitutional body would reinforce its authority?","15","250"],[41,"16. 'Satisfactory and timely redressal of grievances is the cornerstone of 'minimum government, maximum governance.' In this context discuss the challenges associated with current grievance redress mechanisms and suggest measures to strengthen the process.","15","Answer in 250"],[44,"17. 'Corruption corrodes the fabric of governance, eroding the public's faith in democratic institutions.' Examine the potential for harmonizing the Right to Information (RTI) Act, the Whistleblower Protection Act (WBPA), and the Lokpal & Lokayukta Act, 2013, to enhance the effectiveness of the anticorruption regime.","15","250"],[47,"18. Analyze the potential challenges and benefits involved in leveraging SHGs as platforms for skill development, entrepreneurship, and income generation among marginalized communities to effectively counter poverty.","15","250"],[50,"19. 'India is uniquely positioned on the world map for its rich culture.' In this context discuss the role of culture, diaspora, and democracy as instruments of India's soft power diplomacy. To what extent India has been able to position itself as a 'smart power'?","15","Answer in 250"],[53,"20. The synergy of shared values and vibrant people-to-people connections between India and Australia creates a fertile ground for fostering long-lasting trade relations and strategic collaboration between the two nations. Analyse.","15","250"]]},{"i":439,"t":"K N Chandana Jahnavi","c":"Nextias","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":50,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/ee21bf4c91767f03906ea17bc7230b10/74/air-50-k-n-chandana-jahnavi_test-2_gs2.pdf","q":[[6,"Q.1 There is a need to resolve the ambiguity in the disqualification provisions under section 8 of the Representation of People Act 1951. Discuss.","10","150"],[8,"Q.2 Constitution is a mere skeleton whereas constitutionalism is the soul of democracy. Discuss.","10","150"],[10,"Q.3 \"Electoral bonds are a double-edged sword, providing anonymity to donors while raising concerns about transparency in political funding.\" To what extent have electoral bonds further legitimized opacity in electoral funding?","10","150"],[12,"Q.4 The question of gender equality is central to the debate on Uniform Civil Code. In this light what are the challenges in reconciling UCC with gender equality as enshrined in the constitution?","10","150"],[14,"Q.5 'The Governor's office is neither decorative nor inconsequential, it assumes a constitutional role of profound essence' To what extent does the Governor actively contribute to the governance of a state and reinforce the principles of federalism in the country?","10","150"],[16,"Q.6 Recently demand has been rising in a state regarding the enactment of Social Accountability Law. How such a law can lead to good governance and boost citizens' participation in decision-making. Comment.","10","150"],[18,"Q.7 There is a need for convergence of 'nutrition-specific' and 'nutrition-sensitive' interventions to effectively tackle child undernutrition in India. Examine.","10","150"],[20,"Q.8 \"MGNREGA, the lynchpin of rural poverty alleviation, has become the victim of fiscal apathy.\" Critically analyze the statement in light of recent developments.","10","150"],[22,"Q.9 \"India must leverage, if not manage, the global divides\". How can the current geopolitical churn pave the way for India's rise to the global high table?","10","150"],[24,"Q.10 \"Berlin can be India's gateway to the European Union.\" Elaborate with respect to Germany's significance in India's relationship with the EU.","10","Answer in 150"],[26,"Q.11 How has the Anti-Defection Law impacted the relationship between political parties and individual legislators in India? In light of the recent incidents also discuss the unintended consequences it has on the functioning of democracy in India.","15","250"],[29,"Q.12 Critics assert that limitless judicial authority rests on the structural ambiguity of the basic structure doctrine. Has the elastic nature of the basic structure doctrine made the judiciary more powerful than the executive?","15","250"],[32,"Q.13 Fundamental rights are not gifts bestowed upon by the state rather an individual possesses them independently of the state. In this context discuss the desirability of reasonable restrictions on various fundamental rights.","15","250"],[35,"Q.14 ‘S.R. Bommai v. Union of India signified a paradigm shift in the judicial interpretation of the union’s authority to assume control of a state’s administration.’ In this context discuss the significance and impact of the judgement on cementing the federal structure.","15","250"],[38,"Q.15 The key to effective decentralization is, 'political decentralization should follow finance and functional decentralization'. Discuss in the context of impediments faced by local governance in India.","15","250"],[41,"Q.16 Multi-stakeholder partnerships are the key to leveraging collective expertise and networks. How can effective partnership and localized implementation efforts be fostered to accelerate the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in India?","15","250"],[44,"Q.17 How has the implementation of the POSH Act resulted in limited success in raising awareness about sexual harassment, and what factors have hindered its effective outreach to women employed in the unorganized sector? Propose strategies to bridge this gap and ensure comprehensive protection for women in the unorganized sector against workplace harassment.","15","250"],[47,"Q.18 'Neo-liberal reforms and globalization have deeply transformed the institutions of the welfare state and set the ground for a new type of civil services.' In this context examine the challenges faced in service delivery and suggest adequate reforms.","15","250"],[50,"Q.19 China views India as its \"Asian Rival\" with an innate ability to counter its hegemonistic goals in Asia. Despite these difficulties in India-China relations, there are also many areas of convergence. Discuss.","15","250"],[53,"Q.20 Indo-Pacific region in recent times has emerged as a zone of diverging interests and priorities. Discuss. Do you think the Global Security Initiative will supersede QUAD in the region?","15","250"]]},{"i":437,"t":"K N Chandana Jahnavi","c":"Nextias","p":"GS3","y":null,"r":50,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/ee21bf4c91767f03906ea17bc7230b10/70/air-50-k-n-chandana-jahnavi_test-7_gs3.pdf","q":[[6,"1. Elaborate on the difference between Capital Account and Current Account as components of Balance of Payment (BOP). Suggest a few measures to balance the BOP deficit of India.","10","150"],[8,"2. The logistics sector is one of the important components of the growth of the manufacturing industry. Discuss. Also, mention various components of the recently announced National Logistics Policy 2022.","10","150"],[10,"3. What is India's stand on the New Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies under WTO? How is the Fisheries sector significant for India? Enumerate the steps taken by the Government to develop this sector.","10","150"],[12,"4. Analyze the systemic and institutional constraints that continue to hinder land reform efforts in India and propose pragmatic solutions to ensure equitable distribution of land.","10","150"],[14,"5. What are the unique features and capabilities of the BrahMos supersonic cruise missile, and how has it contributed to India's defence capabilities and strategic position in the region?","10","Answer in 150"],[16,"6. In line with the country's efforts to explore the depths of the ocean and harness the resources it holds, the Indian government has proposed a deep-sea exploration mission Samudrayaan. How can this mission contribute to the advancement of ocean science and technology in the country?","10","Answer in 150"],[18,"7. What is Global Methane Pledge? Do you think the Global Methane Pledge is a positive step toward mitigating methane emissions? Explain India's stance on this issue.","10","Answer in 150"],[20,"8. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of disaster management in public health. Discuss the key strategies and challenges for managing pandemics and other infectious disease outbreaks.","10","150"],[22,"9. \"The resource curse of Eastern and Central India has been a crucial driver of LWE\". Elaborate and suggest measures for sustainable and inclusive development of the region.","10","150"],[24,"10. In light of the declining trend of violence in the North East and J&K region do you think that AFSPA has lived its utility? Comment.","10","150"],[26,"11. International trade is centred on the dominant currency paradigm (DCM). Critically Analyze the importance of Hard currency in International trade and Discuss the potential of rupee acceptance in global trade as an alternative to dollar imperialism.","15","250"],[29,"12. A demographic Dividend does not ensure growth; it only generates potential. Discuss the steps made by the government to take advantage of the opportunities presented by the demographic transition.","15","250"],[32,"13. 'Genome editing holds immense potential for crop improvement, but it also raises ethical and safety concerns'. How far do the new guidelines for the safety assessment of genome-edited plants in India, ensure the safety of genetically modified crops?","15","Answer in 250"],[35,"14. Discuss the impact of direct and indirect farm subsidies on the agriculture sector in India. How have Minimum Support Prices (MSP) affected the agricultural economy?","15","Answer in 250"],[38,"15. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a rapidly escalating crisis that poses a grave threat to public health worldwide. What are the major contributing factors to the growing problem of antimicrobial resistance, and what steps can be taken to address this global health threat?","15","Answer in 250"],[41,"16. What do you understand by Disruptive innovations? What are some examples of disruptive innovation in recent times, and how have they changed the way industries operate?","15","Answer in 250"],[44,"17. Trace the evolution of the Loss and Damage fund. What are the major development related to loss and damage funds in COP 27?. What are the commitments made by India in this conference?","15","Answer in 250"],[47,"18 Disaster management is not just about responding to emergencies but also about building resilient communities. Discuss the key strategies that can be used to build community resilience and reduce the impact of disasters.","15","Answer in 250"],[50,"19 The transformation of terrorism through the use of new and emerging technologies like metaverse and virtual assets is a matter of concern. How can we counter the Use of New and Emerging Technologies for Terrorist Purposes and Elucidate the importance of the \"Delhi declaration\" in this regard?","15","Answer in 250"],[53,"20. \"The Agnipath scheme is a bitter pill needed for the resilience and efficacy of our armed forces.\" Critically Analyze the statement with relevant arguments.","15","Answer in 250"]]},{"i":441,"t":"K N Chandana Jahnavi","c":"Nextias","p":"GS3","y":null,"r":50,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/ee21bf4c91767f03906ea17bc7230b10/85/air-50-k-n-chandana-jahnavi_test-3_gs3.pdf","q":[[6,"Q.1 What do you understand by Windfall tax? Do you think that windfall taxes can effectively redistribute wealth and promote greater economic equality?","10","Answer in 150"],[8,"Q.2 Discuss the perceived successes and challenges of implementing inflation targeting under the new Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) regime.","10","Answer in 150"],[10,"Q.3 Assess the potential of millet production in promoting sustainable agriculture and improving food security in India.","10","150"],[11,"1. Are NUTRI cereals help in NUTRITIONAL security\n2. tackle Cereal intake of rice & wheat with Balanced DIET & diversification\n3. tackle diabetes with low glycemic index\n4. Higher fibre, protein per capita over monoculture crops\n5. enhance INDIA's per capita production\n6. Also help in Farmer income diversity (Dalwai committee)","",""],[12,"Q.4 Jal Jeevan Mission has the potential to end the regional disparity in the availability and accessibility of drinking water. Highlighting the significance of the mission, discuss the underlying impediments in achieving the desired objectives.","10","150"],[14,"Q.5 What do you understand by Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS)? Discuss its applications and how it can revolutionize the energy program of India.","10","Answer in 150"],[16,"Q.6 Discuss in brief developments and challenges in the Gaganyaan mission of ISRO. What are the possible benefits of the mission for the society?","10","Answer in 150"],[18,"Q.7 \"Green hydrogen can be the silver bullet in our quest to tackle climate change and pollution\". Critically analyze the statement in light of India's National Green Hydrogen mission.","10","150"],[20,"Q.8 What are the key lessons for disaster management and environmental conservation in the Himalayan region, in light of the recent disaster in Joshimath, Uttarakhand?","10","Answer in 150"],[22,"Q.9 \"The recent radical trends in Punjab show that the Khalistan issue is still simmering.\" Discuss the statement with respect to recent developments and suggest measures to handle it.","10","150"],[24,"Q.10 The anonymity and ease of drone operation contribute to the challenges of India's border security. Elaborate and give suggestions to tackle the drone problem in border areas.","10","Answer in 150"],[26,"Q.11 Electricity Amendment Bill, 2022 brings several advantages for consumers, DISCOMs as well as the environment. Elaborate. Also, list out its shortcomings and suggest some measures to overcome them.","15","Answer in 250"],[29,"Q.12 Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) plays an important role in the regulation of the share market and safeguarding the interests of investors. In the light of given statement, highlight the challenges faced by the SEBI and suggest reforms in this regard.","15","Answer in 250"],[32,"Q.13 Despite being a major contributor to the Indian economy, the agriculture sector is plagued by several constraints that impede its growth and development. Discuss the role of technology in overcoming these constraints.","15","250"],[35,"Q.14 Evaluate the impact of irrigation on the environment and natural resources, and suggest measures to ensure the sustainability and equity of irrigation practices in agriculture.","15","250"],[38,"Q.15 How India benefitted strategically from the contributions of Dr. Homi Jehangir Bhabha and Dr. Vikram Ambalal Sarabhai in the fields of atomic energy and space technology respectively?","15","250"],[41,"Q.16 Generative AI holds the potential to push the boundaries of innovation in the near future, yet its societal impact raises substantial challenges. Elaborate.","15","250"],[44,"Q.17 Explain the purpose of the \"Mangrove Alliance for Climate\" launched at the COP27 UN Climate Change Conference in Egypt in November 2022. Elaborate on the importance of mangroves in maintaining the coastal ecology of tropical nations.","15","250"],[47,"Q.18 The Formation of the Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure brings more robustness to the Disaster Management approach in India. Comment and justify the need for a new strategy to tackle Disasters in India.","15","Answer in 250"],[48,"WHAT more is needed with respect to CDRI for Robustness","",""],[50,"Q.19 The recent rise in ransomware attacks targeting critical infrastructure and major corporations has highlighted the urgent need for stronger cybersecurity measures and policies. Discussing the key factors contributing to this trend, analyze the impact of these attacks on various sectors.","15","250"],[53,"Q.20 In the context of border security, how can cooperation and coordination between different security agencies be improved to ensure effective and efficient management of coastal and terrestrial borders?","15","250"]]},{"i":436,"t":"K N Chandana Jahnavi","c":"Nextias","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":50,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/ee21bf4c91767f03906ea17bc7230b10/52/air-50-k-n-chandana-jahnavi_test-8_gs4.pdf","q":[[6,"1 (a) \"The State took taxes from the people only to ensure their prosperity in return like the sun takes moisture from the earth only to give it back in thousandfold measure.\" Kalidasa.\nExplain the Indian concept of \"giving it back\" and its relevance as a guiding value for civil servants.","10","150"],[8,"(b) Public service takes place in a bureaucratic structure with clear lines of authority, value standardization, and accountability mechanisms. Working within such a structure, what do you think are the influences that impact the public servant's ethical decision-making?","10","150"],[10,"2 (a) What do you understand by the terms 'ethics' and 'integrity'? Do you think they are interrelated? Explain with examples the relationship between ethics and integrity in the context of public administration.","10","150"],[12,"(b) What do you understand by the terms ethical behavior and 'emotionally intelligent behavior'? Identify the relevant emotional intelligence components that act as a reliable guide to ethical behavior.","10","150"],[14,"3. (a) \"To achieve a good life, duty is not sufficient; one needs to develop one's sympathetic feelings for others, and neither duty alone nor good will alone are sufficient to be moral.\" Do you agree with the above statement? Justify your position.","10","150"],[16,"(b) Developing a Scientific temper, innovative mindset, and civic-conscious citizens are major objectives of higher educational institutions. Can higher educational institutions be instrumental in promoting integrity education among youth to establish a public culture of integrity and a corruption-free political culture? If yes, how?","10","150"],[18,"4. Explain the meaning of the following quotations and discuss their contemporary relevance.\n(a) The senses deceive from time to time, and it is prudent never to trust wholly those who have deceived us even once.","10","Answer in 150"],[20,"(b) \"The price good men pay for indifference to public affairs is to be ruled by evil men.\"","10","150"],[22,"(c) \"Men must have corrupted nature a little, for they were not born wolves, and they have become wolves.\"","10","Answer in 150"],[24,"5. (a) As professionals, civil servants are career focused and are also self-interested. At the same time, their service ethos imposes an obligation to serve the public interest selflessly. Is it possible for a civil servant to reconcile career and service obligation? Explain your position.","10","150"],[26,"(b) \"While competence without compassion can be brutal and inhumane; similarly, compassion without competence can be meaningless for persons seeking help.\" Explain the above with the help of a suitable illustration in the context of public services.","10","150"],[28,"6. (a) Does the suffering of individuals in one part of the world generate moral demands of assistance on those foreigners who live far away from them? Are these moral demands of assistance justified? Can governments be held morally responsible for failing to help the international community in times of deprivation? Discuss.","10","Answer in 150"],[30,"(b) Civil Services ethics has everything to do with management. It is as much a Departmental as a personal issue. Leaders who fail to create systems that facilitate ethical conduct are equally to blame as much as those who indulge in ethical misconduct. Do you think the Departmental culture leads to ethical misconduct or is the individual with weak willpower culpable? Discuss.","10","150"],[32,"7 You are posted as a District Development officer in a district with a low literacy rate and poor health indicators. As you took charge, your Health Secretary had given express instructions that your priority is to improve health indicators by enhancing the delivery of healthcare services.\n\nAfter taking over, you traveled around the district to study and identify ways of improving healthcare services. During your field trip, you discovered that the issue was not the accessibility of services; it was something else. You found the problem was the myths, misconceptions, and malpractices that hindered the uptake of health care services. For instance, people believed that vaccines caused impotence, immunization was equivalent to birth control, using antenatal care was counterproductive to the health of the mother and baby, and so on.\n\nYou realize that these beliefs were the behavioral barriers that stood in the way of health and nutrition services. And these behavioral barriers made it difficult for front-line workers to reach out.\n\nYou discussed your observations with the Health Secretary, and he advised you to seek inputs from the neighboring district DDO who was doing some good work. When you met with the neighboring DDO, you learned he was experimenting with using the Faith leaders' influence and reach to persuade people. You were unsure about roping in faith leaders to help you overcome the behavioral barriers. As a civil servant, you felt it would be a mistake to involve faith leaders in health service schemes. When you shared your apprehensions with the Secretary, he firmly instructed you to try and innovate.\n(a) What are the issues involved in the above case?\n(b) What are the advantages and disadvantages of using Faith leaders as influencers and persuaders?","20","250"],[33,"(c) and (d) (c) If not faith leaders, what are your other options for breaking the behavioral barriers?\n(d) Do you think it is ethically right for a civil servant to involve faith leaders in promoting government schemes? (Answer in 250 words) 20 Marks","20","250"],[37,"You are the Head of an Agency, a special purpose vehicle, responsible for overseeing the last-mile delivery of essential services and sorting out bottlenecks and grievances of the citizens within your jurisdiction. The essential services included Maternal and infant health care, nutritional support to BPL families, drinking water availability, etc.\n\nYour agency employed a staff of 15 to carry out regular official operations and handle grievances. Since the agency dealt with complaints, there was an enormous amount of public dealing daily. Sometimes the agency officials had to work beyond office hours to finish the regular office work as public dealings took away most of the office hours. The employees were unhappy doing the extra bit as they were not paid any overtime. A few of them informally raised the issue with you, but you were helpless as the agency rules didn’t allow any travel or overtime allowances. You tried taking up the matter with HQ but to no avail.\n\nThe work stress gradually started showing up among the staff, they became irritable with the complainants, and at times they shouted at them. Besides rudeness, the staff’s language became abusive, derogatory, and sometimes casteist. You could notice that there were 4 of them in particular who were getting very abusive and discriminatory while handling grievances. As the Head, you warned them, but there was no marked change in their work attitude. To compound your problem, some of the villagers, through their Sarpanch, raised the issue of rude, disrespectful, and discriminatory behavior with your HQ. The HQ immediately instructed you to take action and create a respectful and dignified workspace.\n(a) What are the issues involved in the above case?\n(b) What are the action options available to you?","20 अंक","250"],[38,"(d) What do you understand by dignity? Distinguish between human and social dignity? Identify the common dignity violations that one notices in government departments.","20","250"],[42,"9 A major pharmaceutical company headquartered in Mumbai had worldwide operations. It was a big producer and exporter of generic drugs. It has production facilities spread around the country. After the pandemic, the company saw an exponential growth in demand for its generic drugs, and to meet the demand, the company contracted out production to small manufacturers. The deal was that the contracted supplier would supply a specified quantity of drugs within the prearranged schedule, and on delivery, the payments were released. The company didn't bother about the supplier's facilities, policies, or safety standards. It was a simple business deal of keeping the supply chain running without liabilities.\n\nSome suppliers saw this as an opportunity to make some quick money. They started stretching the limits of their production facility and didn't mind compromising with safety and labor laws. Unfortunately, a supplier's storage facility caught fire, and 22 workers died in the tragedy. The production facility was closed, and the dead workers' families sued the supplier and pharmaceutical company for damages. The supplier agreed to pay the damages, but the company denied any liabilities as they were not directly involved. Meanwhile, the lawyers representing the family claimed that the company was morally responsible for the tragedy because they didn't inspect the production facility for safety and were indifferent to everything. The families considered the company to be outright consequentialists worried about keeping their supply lines running, whatever the cost.\n(a) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case? (50 words) 5 marks\n(b) Ethically analyze the company's position on paying damages and justify why/ why not the company should be liable for damages. (120 words) 10 marks\n(c) What do you understand by the term moral responsibility? When do you think a person or an entity becomes morally responsible for actions committed or omitted? (80 words) 5 marks","",""],[47,"(a) उपरोक्त मामले में कौन से नैतिक मुद्दे और दुविधाएँ शामिल हैं?  \n(b) आपके पास कौन से विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?  \n(c) विकल्पों का विश्लेषण करने के बाद अपनी चुनी हुई कार्रवाई का चयन करें।  \n(d) उपरोक्त मामले में आपकी नैतिक प्रेरणा क्या होगी? क्या यह कर्तव्य, दायित्व या परिणाम होना चाहिए?  \n(250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए) [20 अंक]\na) उपरोक्त मामले में कौन से नैतिक मुद्दे और दुविधाएँ शामिल हैं?\nb) आपके पास कौन से विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\nc) विकल्पों का विश्लेषण करने के बाद अपनी चुनी हुई कार्रवाई का चयन करें।\nd) उपरोक्त मामले में आपकी नैतिक प्रेरणा क्या होगी? क्या यह कर्तव्य, दायित्व या परिणाम होना चाहिए?","20 अंक","250 शब्दों"],[48,"(a) What are the ethical issues and dilemmas involved in the above case?\n(b) What are the options available to you?\n(c) Select your chosen course of action after analyzing the options.\n(d) What must be your moral motivation in the above case? Should it be duty, care, or consequences?","20","Answer in 250"],[52,"11. (a) उपरोक्त मामले में कौन से नैतिक मुद्दे शामिल हैं?\n(b) आपके अनुसार उपरोक्त मामले में सिद्धांत-उत्कृष्ट और नियम-पालन करने वाले पुलिस कर्मियों को क्या करना चाहिए और क्यों? तर्क दीजिए।\n(c) आपके अनुसार सिविल सेवा में किसे प्राथमिकता दी जानी चाहिए, विभाग के प्रति निष्ठा, या अपने निर्णयों और सेवा मूल्यों में निष्पक्ष और गैर-पक्षपातपूर्ण होना?\na) उपरोक्त मामले में कौन से नैतिक मुद्दे शामिल हैं?\nb) आपके अनुसार उपरोक्त मामले में सिद्धांत-उत्कृष्ट और नियम-पालन करने वाले पुलिस कर्मियों को क्या करना चाहिए और क्यों? तर्क दीजिए।\nc) आपके अनुसार सिविल सेवा में किसे प्राथमिकता दी जानी चाहिए, विभाग के प्रति निष्ठा, या अपने निर्णयों और सेवा मूल्यों में निष्पक्ष और गैर-पक्षपातपूर्ण होना?","20 अंक","250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए"],[53,"(a) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\n(b) What do you think principle-oriented and rule-abiding police personnel must do in the above case? Why? Justify\n(c) What do you think must assume priority in civil service, loyalty to the department, or being impartial and non-partisan in your decisions and service values?\na) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\nb) What do you think principle-oriented and rule-abiding police personnel must do in the above case? Why? Justify\nc) What do you think must assume priority in civil service, loyalty to the department, or being impartial and non-partisan in your decisions and service values?","20","Answer in 250"],[57,"(a) उपरोक्त मामले में कौन-कौन से मुद्दे शामिल हैं ?\n(b) क्या आप प्रवासी भारतीयों की मदद के बजाय अर्थनीति को प्राथमिकता देने के राजदूत के रुख से सहमत हैं ? अगर हाँ तो क्यों, अगर नहीं तो क्यों नहीं ?\n(c) दायित्व, परिणामवाद और कर्तव्य के बीच, आपके अनुसार भारतीय विदेश नीति का मार्गदर्शन करने के लिए उपयुक्त परिप्रेक्ष्य क्या है ? तर्क दीजिए।\na) उपरोक्त मामले में कौन-कौन से मुद्दे शामिल हैं ?\nb) क्या आप प्रवासी भारतीयों की मदद के बजाय अर्थनीति को प्राथमिकता देने के राजदूत के रुख से सहमत हैं ? अगर हाँ तो क्यों, अगर नहीं तो क्यों नहीं ?\nc) दायित्व, परिणामवाद और कर्तव्य के बीच, आपके अनुसार भारतीय विदेश नीति का मार्गदर्शन करने के लिए उपयुक्त परिप्रेक्ष्य क्या है ? तर्क दीजिए।","20 अंक","250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए"],[58,"(a) What are the issues involved in the above case?\n(b) Do you agree with the Ambassador's position of prioritizing economics over helping the diaspora? Why/why not?\n(c) Among Care, Consequentialism, and Duty, what do you think is the appropriate perspective to guide Indian Foreign policy? Justify.\na What are the issues involved in the above case?\nb Do you agree with the Ambassador's position of prioritizing economics over helping the diaspora? Why/why not?\nc Among Care, Consequentialism, and Duty, what do you think is the appropriate perspective to guide Indian Foreign policy? Justify.","20","Answer in 250"]]},{"i":983,"t":"K Varun Reddy","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1-GE-Fqhsm6JzOlmIYB62GMKk5p9f5Q6w/view","q":[[3,"Q.1) Examine the relevance of the following in the context of civil service:\na) Probity\nb) Service principle\nc) Conscientiousness\nd) Collegiality","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) a) 'We are what our thoughts have made us'. What do you understand by this statement? Explain in reference to the contemporary times.","10","150"],[7,"b) Discuss the significance of Mahatma Gandhi's Talisman for civil servants.","10","150"],[9,"Q.3) a) How could social intelligence and attitudinal change contribute to the success of 'Beti Bachao Beti Padhao'?","10","150"],[11,"b) Social values are not merely the context in which the public agency operates; they form its essence. Analyse.","10","150"],[13,"Q4) a) Giving suitable examples, define and differentiate between 'Ethical Universalism' and 'Ethical Relativism'.","10","150"],[15,"b) What role does 'ethics' play in international relations? In your view, what is the relationship between ethics, politics and power?","10","150"],[17,"Q.5) a) Does civil service ethics differ from professional ethics or, on the other hand, from personal ethics? Discuss.","10","150"],[19,"b) \"It is very difficult to find a man in this world who is always pure in all respects. It is only on account of fear or punishment that an individual behaves properly and is kept within bounds.\" (10 Marks,150 Words)\ni. Do you think that you are pure in all respects? Describe with examples.\nii. Other than fear or punishment, is there any other way through which behavior of an individual can be shaped or kept within bounds?","10","150"],[21,"Q.6) a) \"Waning ethics in India's corporate sector is not just an economic problem\". Discuss.","10","150"],[23,"b) What are the ethical obligations of a civil servant? Discuss with suitable examples.","10","150"],[25,"Q.7) a) \"Whatever a person having authority does, other people do the same thing; whatever standards he sets up, all people follow the same.\" Examine, with reference to real-life examples.","10","150"],[27,"b) How can emotional intelligence contribute to the work culture of an organization?","10","150"],[29,"Q.8) You are Principal of a well-reputed school of an urban locality. One day, the parents of a 9-year-old girl come to you and register a complaint of molestation of their ward against a 10-year-old boy of your school. You somehow persuade them to wait for your response on the matter before resorting to legal options. You immediately form a committee of few staff members to inquire into the matter and find facts. Committee report establishes all the facts and arguments in favor of the victim. (20 Marks, 250 Words)\na) What are the dilemmas before you? What will be your response to the situation?\nb) Give reasons for changing values and behavior of children, leading to such incidents. What remedial measures would you suggest?","20","250"],[33,"Q.9 'A building located in a clustered urban locality caught fire. The Fire subsequently got spread to a restaurant in the vicinity. A birthday was party going on in the restaurant. As a consequence, a number of people including women and children died. The government immediately announced cash relief to the aggrieved families and arrested the builder.\n\nGive reasons for such incidents taking place across the country. Suggest measures to prevent their occurrence.","20","250"],[37,"Q.10 You are an honest and responsible civil servant. One evening when you reached home, you found that your wife was upset with you. On inquiring, you found the following:\na) She asked that whom you actually are making happy with your morals and values- government or society? Because neither of the two is supportive and appreciative of the way you work.\nb) She questioned how even your juniors are better well-off than you, and the way she feels marginalized in the lavish parties of his seniors, given the ordinary lifestyle they live in.\nc) She also complained that how your work culture and value-filled lifestyle has disturbed the peace & harmony of the family, especially the children who have to change schools due to frequent transfers.\n After a small quarrel with her, at night you were thinking about the matter and were in a dilemma about it. You, yourself were convinced by her complaints to an extent. In this situation, explain how will you convince your wife and even yourself for the right? Also, discuss how will you keep your conscience intact with your founding values?","20","250"],[38,"(c) what is the reward for my ethical values? if not for transfers causing difficulty for children and family","",""],[41,"Q.11) You are head of the Human Resources department of a private organization. One day one of the employees committed suicide due to work pressure and long duration of work timings, as revealed by his suicide note. His family was demanding compensation. However, the company denied compensation because the company had several employees working under similar conditions and even the deceased did not report to the management regarding his problem before taking such a step. However, employees of the company went on strike demanding compensation for the family of the deceased. The Chairman of the management board has asked for your recommendations.\na) What recommendations would you provide to the management?\nb) Discuss the merits and demerits of each of the recommendations.\nc) Is it Ethical on part of the employer to ask his employees to work beyond working hours?","20","250"],[45,"Q.12 You decide to take the metro to avoid traffic as you have an urgent business meeting in your office and you already are running late. In metro you find a man teasing a young woman. Before you could think of anything, the woman out of frustration gets down on next stoppage with eve-teaser still being in the metro.\nWhat would you do in such a situation? Justify your action.","20","250"],[49,"Q.13 In recent times, cases of manhandling of doctors by relatives and family members of the deceased owing to delayed medical interventions or other reasons in several district government hospitals have come forth. Doctors in such cases often have protested and even have gone for a strike to ensure proper action against the perpetrators. Aggrieved family members, on the other hand, have always blamed doctors and poor management in such hospitals for their weak and inefficient response.\na) Evaluate the merits and demerits of your course of action in the below-mentioned role-\n  i. As Chief Medical Officer of that District hospital\n  ii. As aggrieved Family Member\n  iii. As Deputy Superintendent of Police (DSP) of that District\nb) What could be the long-term solution to the issue discussed in the case?","20","250"]]},{"i":442,"t":"Kanishak Aggarwal","c":"Forumias","p":"GS1","y":2025,"r":72,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/KANISHAK-AGGARWALUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-72-Sample-MGP-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1 Why has public bathing been a recurring practice across cultures and societies? Discuss with examples.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Estimate the contributions of Chalukyas of Badami to Indian heritage and culture.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) Mahatma Gandhi and Dr. B.R. Ambedkar had contrasting philosophies and approaches on caste and social reform. Examine.","10","150"],[9,"q.4) What factors can be attributed to the rising incidents of Glacial Lake Outburst Floods (GLOFs) in the Himalayan region? Discuss with examples.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) \"Migration is a vital livelihood strategy for rural households in developing countries like India.\" Elucidate.","10","150"],[13,"Bring out the interdependence between physical and chemical weathering with suitable examples.","10","150"],[15,"Discuss how social media is reshaping identity formation and self-worth among adolescents in contemporary Indian society.","10","150"],[17,"Q39 Disproportionate preference for government jobs in certain Indian states is not merely a matter of personal aspiration. Analyze.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9) Explain the significance of population education in light of India's status as the world's most populous nation.","10","150"],[21,"Q3 Globalization has infused Indian festivals with commercial elements, while also helping preserve and popularize them in new ways. Do you agree? Justify your answer.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11 India has a rich tradition of diverse dance forms, encompassing both classical and folk styles. Illustrate how they reflect the country's rich spiritual, cultural, and social life.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12) The third decade of the 20th century witnessed the emergence of new forces and ideological currents that influenced the character of the Indian national movement. Elaborate.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 Analyse the circumstances that led to Simla Agreement in 1972. Discuss the significance of the agreement.","15","250"],[32,"Q.16 The Indian Ocean is warming at an alarming rate. How may it affect the food security of India?","15","250"],[35,"Q.17) Describing the distribution of sugarcane producing countries, examine the major environmental challenges associated with its cultivation.","15","250"],[38,"Q.18 The richness and diversity of Indian society find vivid expression in the unique culture of its tribal communities. Elucidate.","15","250"],[41,"Q.19 Why is it essential to focus on health in the context of urban planning and reforms? How can this be achieved?","15","250"]]},{"i":443,"t":"Kanishak Aggarwal","c":"Forumias","p":"GS3","y":2025,"r":72,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/KANISHAK-AGGARWALUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-72-Sample-MGP-Copy-2.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.2) Why does India need to transition from a 'build to print' to a 'build to design' model in manufacturing? What steps has been taken by the government in this regard?","10","150"],[5,"Q.3) Explain the concept of a nutrition-sensitive food system and suggest strategies to achieve it in the country.","10","150"],[7,"Q.5) Rare earths are not just elements; they are foundational inputs that act like 'seeds of technology'. Elaborate.","10","150"],[9,"Q.6) Why retrofitting Electrostatic Precipitators (ESPs) in Indian thermal power plants is a more viable and effective option compared to the installation of flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems?","10","150"],[11,"Q.7) 'The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) regime in India remains weak and is often reduced to a procedural formality.' In light of this statement, examine the key challenges in EIA implementation and suggest reforms.","10","150"],[13,"Plastic pollution is emerging as a serious environmental threat in India. Discuss the various mitigation measures to address this problem and also the government's initiatives in this regard.","10","150"],[15,"Q.9) Amid evolving threats, there is a need to blend private sector capabilities with India's current internal security architecture. In this context, elaborate on the ways in which the private sector can contribute to strengthening internal security.","10","150"],[17,"Q.10) \"Radicalisation in Jammu and Kashmir is driven as much by socio-economic factors as by external influences.\" Discuss how education and youth engagement can play a role in countering radicalisation in J&K.","10","150"],[19,"Q.11 Outlining the key characteristics of the care economy, discuss how India can better integrate the value of unpaid and underpaid care work into its economic framework.","15","250"],[21,"Q.12 'The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) presents both unprecedented opportunities and significant challenges for India's labour market.' Examine. Also suggest strategies to align AI adoption with inclusive and resilient labour market outcomes.","15","250"],[24,"Q.13) Why does India's agricultural export performance remain weak despite high production levels? What measures would you suggest to improve agri-export competitiveness?","15","250"],[27,"Q.14 \"The agricultural subsidy regime in the country needs reforms to address the distortions it causes.\" Comment.","15","250"],[30,"Q.15) How can biomanufacturing transform today's consumptive manufacturing paradigm to the one based on regenerative principles? Also discuss how BioE3 Policy (Biotechnology for Economy, Environment, and Employment) aims to foster biomanufacturing in the country.","15","250"],[31,"Bio E3 policy fosters biomanufacturing in the country in following manner -\n1) Encourages private players to come up & set up biomanufacturing plants.\n2) Provides them with much needed finance.\n3) Channelize the narrative of people towards conservation.\n4) Promotes industry - academia linkage to develop skills accordingly.\n5) Nudges the research domain to foster research on biomanufacturing.","",""],[33,"Q.16 The future of digital innovation depends on self-reliant, domain-specific AI capabilities. In this context, bring out the key considerations in developing indigenous AI models and tools. Suggest measures to build an enabling ecosystem for AI innovation in India. What initiatives have been taken by the government in this regard?","15","250"],[36,"Q.17) Marine oil spills are a form of environmental disaster, with far-reaching consequences for biodiversity and coastal livelihoods; however, India's preparedness to prevent such incidents and mitigate their impact has significant gaps. Analyze.","15","250"],[39,"Q.18 'The United Nations has declared 2025 as the International Year of Glacier Preservation.' Bring out the ecological and socio-economic significance of glaciers. What are the key challenges in preserving them? What measures have been taken at national and international levels towards preservation of glaciers?","15","250"],[42,"Q.19 What are the determinants of insurgency in the north-eastern region of India? What strategy should the Government of India, civil administration and security forces adopt to counter the threat in the affected areas?","15","250"]]},{"i":444,"t":"Kanishak Aggarwal","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/7823e-1178032_1827_kanishak_aggarwal_rank_72.pdf","q":[[3,"1. (a) The ideals of 'Dhamma' by Ashoka present key learnings on public morality. Discuss. Also, state their relevance for public servants.","10","150"],[5,"1. (b) There is a need for an effective climate governance structure within the broad framework of corporate governance. Discuss.","10","150"],[7,"2. (a) Family values influence the decisions individuals make both within the family structure and outside of it. Do you agree with the statement? Justify with relevant examples.","10","150"],[9,"2. (b) 'Niti' must be more concerned with 'nyaya' i.e. the elimination of removable injustices rather than defining a perfectly just society. Discuss.","10","150"],[11,"3. (a) While it may seem restrictive, anonymity is one of the greatest strengths of the civil services. Comment in the context of growth of social media in recent times.","10","150"],[13,"3. (b) Corporate governance and business ethics are key factors influencing investment decisions and determining the flow of capital worldwide. In this context, discuss the inter-relationship between corporate governance and business ethics.","10","150"],[15,"4. (a) Examine the issue of foreign aid in global politics from an ethical perspective.","10","150"],[17,"4. (b) Explaining the meaning of media ethics, discuss why it is a prerequisite for democracy.","10","150"],[19,"5. (a) What do you understand by a situation of 'crisis of conscience'? Also, explain how a public servant can deal with such a situation.","10","150"],[21,"5. (b) The opportunities and threats created by emerging technologies like Artificial Intelligence (AI) require leaders across business, government and civil society to understand the importance of values and ethics in technological development. Elucidate.","10","150"],[23,"6. (a) It is argued that the Indian bureaucracy suffers from indecision and risk aversion. Do you agree? Justify with logical arguments.","10","150"],[25,"6. (b) Corruption endangers not only the quality of governance but also threatens the very foundation of our society. Elucidate.","10","150"],[27,"6. (c) Discuss the foundational values of civil services, which are prerequisites in building a responsive public administration. Also, highlight how Mission Karmayogi aspires to make public administration more responsive.","10","150"],[29,"7. You come across a news report of a state 'X', which has a considerable number of school going children suffering from malnourishment. To overcome this, the state recently rolled out a policy to introduce eggs in mid-day meals in schools. However, some parents, teachers and a few religious groups have protested against the move. The report states that the Minister of Education of state 'X' has assured the public of a reversal in the policy. You are aware that this may be because elections are approaching in the state and the party in power may not want to antagonise a particular religious group, which is its key supporter.\n\nIn light of this, answer the following:\n(a) Highlight the stakeholders in the given case study.\n(b) Examine the options available in the given situation.\n(c) According to you, what is the best course of action and why?","20","around 250"],[34,"8. Recently, the government has proposed a bill to increase the age of marriage for women from 18 to 21 years. It has been argued that it will help women improve their nutritional status, lower maternal mortality rate and improve the overall health status of women. However, some critics have stated that the proposed law would be counterproductive to women's cause and the desired objectives will not be met. In this context, answer the following questions:\n(a) What effect will an increase in the age of marriage have on women in India?\n(b) Can legislation be used as an effective tool for social change?\n(c) Discuss other agents that can be used for social change in this context.","20",""],[39,"9. Climate change not only threatens our ecosystems but also undermines the foundation of our fundamental rights, deepens inequalities and creates new forms of injustice. Adapting to climate change and trying to mitigate its impacts are not just a matter of scientific knowledge and political will but also demand a broader view of a complex, inter-related situation. Human induced climate change has brought in several ethical dimensions not just in causing climate change but also in the role and responsibility in mitigating it.\n(a) Highlight the ethical issues arising out of human-induced climate change.\n(b) What ethical principles should form the basis of global action on climate change?","20",""],[44,"10. You are the Chairperson of Staff Selection Commission of a state. Recently, an exam for recruitment to the position of sub-inspectors was conducted by the Commission. But a video of some students using hi-tech devices like spy-mics, and placing \"solvers\" to cheat in the exam by hiding bluetooth devices in wig, has been surfacing on the internet. Also, this is not an isolated incident; many instances of organized cheating scandals have shocked the state in recent years. Students are agitated and demanding cancellation of the exam and there is pressure on you to resign. However, your daughter had also appeared in this exam and is confident of clearing it. There are many other students who had waited for this exam for a long time and are hopeful of clearing it with honest efforts. Whatever decision the Commission takes is bound to affect the career of a large number of candidates who appeared in the exam, including your own daughter.\n(a) Highlight the ethical issues concerned in the case.\n(b) Why is cheating in examinations prevalent in many states across India?\n(c) What measures would you take to make sure that a similar situation does not arise in future?","20",""],[49,"11. You are a young officer posted as a Sub-Divisional Magistrate in a backward district. You receive a complaint against the appointment of a Dalit woman in a village school for cooking food under the Mid-Day Meal scheme by parents of some students. The parents are putting immense pressure on the school management to discontinue the services of the woman concerned on the basis of long-standing social norms of caste impurity. They also say that if the management fails to take a favourable decision, keeping in mind the prevailing social customs, they will convene a village assembly and take action against the woman and her family members, including boycotting them socially.\n\nBased on the above information, address the following:\n(a) Identify the issues involved in the given case study.\n(b) Highlighting the reasons behind continuing caste discrimination, discuss the steps which you will take to resolve the present issue.","20",""],[54,"12. A bridge is being built by a powerful local contractor in a district. The Public Works Department (PWD) is responsible for issuing the tender, checking the quality of the bridge and giving approval to it. During the construction of the bridge, testing by the quality control lab in the PWD showed its strength to be slightly below the minimum value required for granting approval for its further construction and completion. The local contractor paid hefty bribes to some officials in the PWD to get the contract. These officials are pressurising the quality control lab in the PWD to sign the report and give the required approval to the bridge. The local MLA is also pressuring the concerned lab for the approval, as elections in the state are approaching and the bridge has to be inaugurated. However, the in-charge of the lab is aware that if he grants approval and any mishappening related to the bridge occurs in the future, he may come under scrutiny. In this context, answer the following questions:\n(a) What are the issues involved in this scenario?\n(b) Evaluate the options available to the in-charge of the quality control lab in the given situation.\n(c) What course of action should the lab in-charge take? Justify with logical arguments.","20",""]]},{"i":984,"t":"Kanishak Kataria","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1MuSc8SHwt0nMa_8oT1R0XD8iLYs_e8c2/view","q":[[3,"1. (a) Growing awareness about terminal as well as mental illness has given credence to the idea of \"living wills\". What is a living will? Discuss the ethical issues to be considered from an individual as well as social perspective to formulate and implement it.","10","not more than 150"],[5,"1. (b) In order to improve the bureaucratic work culture and productivity, there is a need to downsize government and privatize some of the services. Critically discuss with examples.","10",""],[7,"2. (a) Examine the contemporary relevance of Gandhiji's talisman as a means of resolving ethical dilemmas in day to day life.","10",""],[9,"2. (b) \"Intelligence plus character–that is the goal of true education.\" Assess whether such an objective can be achieved within the existing system of education in India.","10",""],[11,"3. (a) \"A blanket prohibition of criticism of the policies of the Government is invalid and void, and it makes no difference if the person criticizing happens to be a government servant.\" Critically discuss in the context of Civil Service Conduct Rules, 1964.","10",""],[13,"3. (b) \"Man by nature is a political animal\". Explain with reference to Aristotle's idea of the state in life of the society.","10",""],[15,"4. (a) What are the factors that have influenced the contemporary attitude of the state and the society towards homosexuality in India? Also, comment on the changing attitude and the factors driving this change.","10",""],[17,"4. (b) With behavioural issues and suicides among children on the rise, teachers and parents need to play an active part in ensuring mental well-being. Discuss. Also, explain the importance of emotional intelligence in this regard.","10",""],[19,"5. (a) The policy of Dhamma advocated by Ashoka through his edicts remains relevant in the context of issues in public life even today. Elucidate with examples.","10",""],[21,"5. (b) Arguably, poverty is not only a matter of statistics. It is a reflection on the kind of society we live in. In this context, discuss the ethical implications for a society that witnesses high incidence of poverty.","10",""],[23,"6. Every superstition cannot be removed by the force of law. For that, a mental change is necessary. Comment. Also, explain how educators and public figures can help in eradicating superstition and instilling scientific temper among people.","10",""],[25,"7. Many argue that there are times, when war is morally permissible, and even obligatory. Critically discuss.","10",""],[27,"8. It has been argued that traditional approaches to corporate social responsibility (CSR) are inadequate. Discuss. Also, examine the role of Social License to Operate (SLO) in this regard.","10",""],[29,"9. A renowned and critically acclaimed producer-director has come up with a new movie based on retelling of the freedom movement. The trailer of this project depicts prominent freedom fighters and various aspects of their personalities. It is a project that involves substantial sums of money and has taken collaborative efforts of 3 years. However, certain political and social activists have objected to what they perceived as negative portrayal of some freedom fighters. As such, they have opposed the release of this movie and issued threats with serious consequences. This has come in the context of increase in the number of instances involving many groups issuing threats against one or the other movie. In such a context you have been designated as the head of a special committee with the broad responsibility of reviewing the film certification process in general as well as the checking the historical accuracy of the events depicted in this particular movie.\n(a) Who are the key stakeholders you would involve as part of the consultation process?\n(b) What are the principles that you would consider while giving your recommendations to the government? Also, provide an outline of a solution that you deem appropriate in the prevailing context.","","around 250"],[34,"10. There have been reports of repeat instances of mob lynching in different states of India. It has been pointed out that these presumably faceless mobs gather impromptu on the basis of unverified information on issues that affect the collective conscience of the society such as child trafficking, sexual harassment, cow slaughter etc. Most of the people don't even regret their action of violating the law and even get away with committing such a heinous crime.\n(a) What are the socio-psychological factors that motivate people to join the mob and kill fellow human beings?\n(b) Identify the implications of increasing crime of lynching on society.\n(c) Examine the role of social media in recent instances of mob lynching. As a law enforcement officer, how will you prevent such incidents from happening in your district?","20",""],[39,"11. We live in a time when almost everything can be bought and sold. Over the past few years, markets and market values have come to govern our lives as never before. Today the logic of buying and selling no longer applies to material good alone but increasingly governs the whole of life. However, there is a wide spread realization that markets have become detached from morals and we need to somehow reconnect them. The use of markets to allocate social goods has also been a cause of concern. In this context, answer the following:\n(a) Is greed wholly a vice or a trait of character that has both positive and negative sides? Could you relate it to the utilitarian philosophy that emphasizes pursuit of self interest by individuals as the basis of economic well being?\n(b) Are there some things that money shouldn't buy? Illustrate with examples.","20",""],[44,"12. You are the head of a policy think-tank. There is a proposal to cut down more than 10,000 trees to build a residential colony in the capital of the country. The city has one of the highest homeless population in the country and the settlement will be used for them. This news has generated a lot of public debate. While on the one hand is the need to expand urban infrastructure in order to meet the demands of the growing population, on the other, is the environmental concern. In last ten years, the city has lost more than half of its green cover and has seen increased frequency of extreme climatic events. You are asked to deliver a lecture for the policymakers and concerned citizens, in which you have to specifically deal with the following questions:\n(a) Why do you think such situations arise in the first place where developmental activities and environmental concerns often come out as antithetical to each other?\n(b) What should be the short-term and long-term solutions for tackling such situations?\n(c) What are the potential benefits of inculcating environmental concerns in the policy making and planning process?","20",""],[49,"13. You are a young athlete representing India at an international-level competition. During the competition, you witness a few senior athletes injecting something using a syringe, in private. When you approach them, they explain that it is a performance enhancing drug, which is very common in such competitions and you should take the same as well. You are in fear and decide to approach the coach to discuss the event you witnessed. However, you get to know that the athletes are taking the drug at the advice of the coach himself.\n(a) What would you do in this scenario? Discuss the options available to you and chart your course of action.\n(b) Why do you think use of unfair means to enhance performance is common in competitive sporting event? How can this practice be minimized?","20",""],[54,"14. You have been appointed by Election Commission as a booth level officer to oversee the conduct of elections in a remote and under-developed area. For the preparations of elections, you have been instructed to ensure maximum voter turnout. For this, you conduct a series of meetings with the people in villages encouraging them to vote in large numbers. However, they confront you with the fact that despite so many previous elections, the promises made by representatives remain unfulfilled and even the basic necessities of livelihood are not available. As such, they are ignorant of your appeals and are subsequently not forthcoming even to listen to you, let alone giving assurances to vote. Based on this information, answer the following questions:\n(a) Identify the stakeholders in the situation along with their interests.\n(b) What are the factors that you will take into account to convince the people and ensure maximum voter turnout?","20",""],[55,"(b) What is the basic reason for the services not reaching them?","",""]]},{"i":985,"t":"Kanishak Kataria","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1IvJTHEvwx4kH0xgDN2YUV9gQKfsrh2Vs/view","q":[[3,"1. (a) Growing awareness about terminal as well as mental illness has given credence to the idea of \"living wills\". What is a living will? Discuss the ethical issues to be considered from an individual as well as social perspective to formulate and implement it.","10","not more than 150"],[5,"1. (b) In order to improve the bureaucratic work culture and productivity, there is a need to downsize government and privatize some of the services. Critically discuss with examples.","10",""],[7,"2. (a) Examine the contemporary relevance of Gandhiji's talisman as a means of resolving ethical dilemmas in day to day life.","10",""],[9,"2. (b) \"Intelligence plus character–that is the goal of true education.\" Assess whether such an objective can be achieved within the existing system of education in India.","10",""],[11,"3. (a) \"A blanket prohibition of criticism of the policies of the Government is invalid and void, and it makes no difference if the person criticizing happens to be a government servant.\" Critically discuss in the context of Civil Service Conduct Rules, 1964.","10",""],[13,"3. (b) \"Man by nature is a political animal\". Explain with reference to Aristotle's idea of the state in life of the society.","10",""],[15,"4. (a) What are the factors that have influenced the contemporary attitude of the state and the society towards homosexuality in India? Also, comment on the changing attitude and the factors driving this change.","10",""],[17,"4. (b) With behavioural issues and suicides among children on the rise, teachers and parents need to play an active part in ensuring mental well-being. Discuss. Also, explain the importance of emotional intelligence in this regard.","10",""],[19,"5. (a) The policy of Dhamma advocated by Ashoka through his edicts remains relevant in the context of issues in public life even today. Elucidate with examples.","10",""],[21,"5. (b) Arguably, poverty is not only a matter of statistics. It is a reflection on the kind of society we live in. In this context, discuss the ethical implications for a society that witnesses high incidence of poverty.","10",""],[23,"6. Every superstition cannot be removed by the force of law. For that, a mental change is necessary. Comment. Also, explain how educators and public figures can help in eradicating superstition and instilling scientific temper among people.","10",""],[25,"7. Many argue that there are times, when war is morally permissible, and even obligatory. Critically discuss.","10",""],[27,"8. It has been argued that traditional approaches to corporate social responsibility (CSR) are inadequate. Discuss. Also, examine the role of Social License to Operate (SLO) in this regard.","10",""],[29,"9. A renowned and critically acclaimed producer-director has come up with a new movie based on retelling of the freedom movement. The trailer of this project depicts prominent freedom fighters and various aspects of their personalities. It is a project that involves substantial sums of money and has taken collaborative efforts of 3 years. However, certain political and social activists have objected to what they perceived as negative portrayal of some freedom fighters. As such, they have opposed the release of this movie and issued threats with serious consequences. This has come in the context of increase in the number of instances involving many groups issuing threats against one or the other movie. In such a context you have been designated as the head of a special committee with the broad responsibility of reviewing the film certification process in general as well as the checking the historical accuracy of the events depicted in this particular movie.\n(a) Who are the key stakeholders you would involve as part of the consultation process?\n(b) What are the principles that you would consider while giving your recommendations to the government? Also, provide an outline of a solution that you deem appropriate in the prevailing context.","","around 250"],[34,"10. There have been reports of repeat instances of mob lynching in different states of India. It has been pointed out that these presumably faceless mobs gather impromptu on the basis of unverified information on issues that affect the collective conscience of the society such as child trafficking, sexual harassment, cow slaughter etc. Most of the people don't even regret their action of violating the law and even get away with committing such a heinous crime.\n(a) What are the socio-psychological factors that motivate people to join the mob and kill fellow human beings?\n(b) Identify the implications of increasing crime of lynching on society.\n(c) Examine the role of social media in recent instances of mob lynching. As a law enforcement officer, how will you prevent such incidents from happening in your district?","20",""],[39,"11. We live in a time when almost everything can be bought and sold. Over the past few years, markets and market values have come to govern our lives as never before. Today the logic of buying and selling no longer applies to material good alone but increasingly governs the whole of life. However, there is a wide spread realization that markets have become detached from morals and we need to somehow reconnect them. The use of markets to allocate social goods has also been a cause of concern. In this context, answer the following:\n(a) Is greed wholly a vice or a trait of character that has both positive and negative sides? Could you relate it to the utilitarian philosophy that emphasizes pursuit of self interest by individuals as the basis of economic well being?\n(b) Are there some things that money shouldn't buy? Illustrate with examples.","20",""],[44,"12. You are the head of a policy think-tank. There is a proposal to cut down more than 10,000 trees to build a residential colony in the capital of the country. The city has one of the highest homeless population in the country and the settlement will be used for them. This news has generated a lot of public debate. While on the one hand is the need to expand urban infrastructure in order to meet the demands of the growing population, on the other, is the environmental concern. In last ten years, the city has lost more than half of its green cover and has seen increased frequency of extreme climatic events. You are asked to deliver a lecture for the policymakers and concerned citizens, in which you have to specifically deal with the following questions:\n(a) Why do you think such situations arise in the first place where developmental activities and environmental concerns often come out as antithetical to each other?\n(b) What should be the short-term and long-term solutions for tackling such situations?\n(c) What are the potential benefits of inculcating environmental concerns in the policy making and planning process?","20",""],[49,"13. You are a young athlete representing India at an international-level competition. During the competition, you witness a few senior athletes injecting something using a syringe, in private. When you approach them, they explain that it is a performance enhancing drug, which is very common in such competitions and you should take the same as well. You are in fear and decide to approach the coach to discuss the event you witnessed. However, you get to know that the athletes are taking the drug at the advice of the coach himself.\n(a) What would you do in this scenario? Discuss the options available to you and chart your course of action.\n(b) Why do you think use of unfair means to enhance performance is common in competitive sporting event? How can this practice be minimized?","20",""],[54,"14. You have been appointed by Election Commission as a booth level officer to oversee the conduct of elections in a remote and under-developed area. For the preparations of elections, you have been instructed to ensure maximum voter turnout. For this, you conduct a series of meetings with the people in villages encouraging them to vote in large numbers. However, they confront you with the fact that despite so many previous elections, the promises made by representatives remain unfulfilled and even the basic necessities of livelihood are not available. As such, they are ignorant of your appeals and are subsequently not forthcoming even to listen to you, let alone giving assurances to vote. Based on this information, answer the following questions:\n(a) Identify the stakeholders in the situation along with their interests.\n(b) What are the factors that you will take into account to convince the people and ensure maximum voter turnout?","20",""],[55,"(b) What is the basic reason for the services not reaching them?","",""]]},{"i":986,"t":"Kanishak Kataria","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1pSKg1vc39Dxhj-qoFRN57EDAbtd8W1i5/view","q":[[3,"1. (a) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the recent refugee crisis and immigration as a global phenomenon from a broad perspective of globalisation and rights of citizens and aliens.","10","150"],[5,"1. (b) Corruption distorts not only functioning of the Government in India but business and corporate activities as well. Explain and discuss how the state can effectively deal with deficit of ethics in the private sector.","10",""],[7,"2. Given below are two quotations of moral thinkers/ philosophers. For each of these, bring out what it means to you in the present context.\n(a) \"Silence becomes cowardice when occasion demands speaking out the whole truth and acting accordingly\" - Mahatma Gandhi.","10",""],[9,"2. (b) \"We must not only tolerate others, but positively embrace them\" - Swami Vivekananda.","10",""],[11,"3. (a) Emotional Intelligence is part nature and part nurture. Explaining the statement, discuss how emotional intelligence of civil servants can be enhanced.","10",""],[13,"3. (b) What do you understand by Probity in Governance? Examine whether the recent amendments to Prevention of Corruption Act and the proposed ones in Whistleblower Protection Act undermine it.","10",""],[15,"4. (a) Ensuring that civil service values are recognised during the recruitment process and ensured through a code of ethics after appointment is a necessary condition of making the civil services an effective instrument of citizen centric governance.","10",""],[17,"4. (b) What do you understand by cognitive dissonance? Giving examples, discuss how it influences one's behavior and attitude.","10",""],[19,"5. (a) What do you understand by Amartya Sen's 'capability approach'? Analyse its significance in understanding social realities and in making a pro poor development strategy.","10",""],[21,"5. (b) While in principle most nations claim commitment to universal values, in practice these values are honoured more in breach than in the observance. In context of this statement, comment on the relevance of values in foreign policy.","10",""],[23,"6. While some ethical approaches consider an action to be ethical based on results, other focus on means. Taking the example of Indian bureaucracy, compare and examine how these approaches have played out for the benefit of citizens.","10",""],[25,"7. What are the ethical principles that should form the basis of the system permitting organ donation and allocation? Also discuss the importance of regulation for the success of any organ transplant program.","10",""],[27,"8. Where as some argue that leaks constitute an affront to democracy, others are of the opinion that leaks are a part of democracy. Examine the merits of both the arguments in the context of information attributed to leaks from government offices and whistleblowers.","10",""],[29,"9. You are a young recruit to the IAS. Upon the completion of your training you have been posted in a subdivision of a district where industrial development has been lagging. The area has large reserves of minerals and a significant tribal population. The government has identified the area for a large thermal power plant and also adequate expansion of mining. This announcement has seen a rise in land prices in the area as well as unrest among the local population about possible land acquisition. As part of routine examination of records you observe large land purchases in recent years that are linked with the family of the local politician, who is also a member of the state cabinet. You also recognise that much of this land is around the site of the proposed industrial area. Further, one of your staff members also informs you that the family has been buying in the name of drivers, cleaners as well as domestic helps. You feel that having been aware of the policy decision the politician has played a role in these purchases. Incidently your relations with the politician have been cordial and he is a popular figure in the area.\n(a) As the official responsible for acquisition of land and payment of compensation for the land acquired, what are the ethical issues that you face in the given situation?\n(b) What will be your response to a suggestion that in view of these benami land transfers a freeze on land sale in the area should be enforced?\n(c) What is the course of action that you would take? Justify with reasons.","20","in around 250"],[34,"10 According to the WHO suicide is the second leading cause of death in the age group of 15-29 years globally. In India also, instances of young people committing suicide have been reported widely in recent times. It is all the more disturbing that such a phenomenon is increasingly visible in urban and prosperous areas.\n(a) What are the reasons that render people vulnerable to taking such drastic steps as suicide?\n(b) Also, discuss the role that you as an individual, the society and the government can play in addressing this issue.","20",""],[38,"11. You are posted as a District Magistrate of a primarily rural district. Excess agricultural production has led to a continuous fall in market prices of crops in the last three years. With elections approaching soon, the opposition has decided to make this a political issue and has mobilised farmers to protest against falling prices. The protests turned violent at some point and police had to fire in self-defence, killing two people. Violence has increased since then and you yourself were attacked when you tried to pacify the protestors. The protestors have also blocked the main roads as well as railways to prevent movement of goods and people. Given the situation, answer the following questions:\n(a) Identify the key concerns that need to be addressed on a priority basis.\n(b) What steps will you take to address them?","20",""],[42,"12. You have recently been promoted as a Branch Manager in a Public Sector Bank. The bank is battling high NPAs and mounting losses. You have been assigned a very high target of loans by the higher management for the current quarter. Your career prospects also depend on your performance in critical times. Few days back you rejected a loan application for a huge sum based on detailed analysis. Today you got a call from the Regional Manager to approve the loan quickly. On your reluctance to approve, he hints that the loan is sought by a person well connected in the finance ministry and that a refusal will have consequences for everyone in the approval chain. You are now in a tough spot. Based on the given information, answer the following questions:\n(a) Bring out the ethical issues in the case above.\n(b) What are the consequences of agreeing to the demands of the senior in the given case. Assess which of them are meritorious and which are not.\n(c) Suggest institutional reforms that can result in non-punishment of honest feedback.","20",""],[47,"13. You, the chairperson of a State Public Service Commission (SPSC), come to know that there were instances of rampant cheating in a competitive exam conducted recently by the SPSC. Your daughter, who also appeared in this exam and is confident of clearing it corroborates the same. However, she denies engaging in any such activity herself. Whatever decision the Commission takes is bound to affect the career of a large number of candidates who appeared in the exam, including your own daughter.\n(a) Identify the different stakeholders and their interests in the case above.\n(b) Enumerate the options you have to handle the current situation. What will be your choice and why?\n(c) Suggest measures that you would take to make sure that a similar situation does not arise in future.","20",""],[52,"14. You are waiting in your car for your turn at a toll tax booth. You suddenly witness some men heckling and manhandling the toll booth operator and vandalising the property at the toll booth. They are accompanying a local politician who was passing through. Disgruntled with the fact that they were asked to pay the toll, they began to argue that the toll is too high and the public is being exploited by charging an unreasonable toll fee. At the same time they are also warning others against paying the toll fee. However, the other people around you are keeping with themselves, without anyone coming forward to intervene. While you also felt that the toll was quite high, you believe that this is not the right thing to do.\n(a) Bring out the ethical issues in the case above.\n(b) What accounts for such an overt display of hooliganism in our country.\n(c) What is the course of action that you would take? Justify with appropriate reasons.","20",""]]},{"i":987,"t":"Kanishak Kataria","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1OQvw1FeDUvJcbOJnstD5dANWjtAROQ8N/view","q":[[3,"1. (a) Growing awareness about terminal as well as mental illness has given credence to the idea of \"living wills\". What is a living will? Discuss the ethical issues to be considered from an individual as well as social perspective to formulate and implement it.","10","not more than 150"],[5,"1. (b) In order to improve the bureaucratic work culture and productivity, there is a need to downsize government and privatize some of the services. Critically discuss with examples.","10",""],[7,"2. (a) Examine the contemporary relevance of Gandhiji's talisman as a means of resolving ethical dilemmas in day to day life.","10",""],[9,"2. (b) \"Intelligence plus character–that is the goal of true education.\" Assess whether such an objective can be achieved within the existing system of education in India.","10",""],[11,"3. (a) \"A blanket prohibition of criticism of the policies of the Government is invalid and void, and it makes no difference if the person criticizing happens to be a government servant.\" Critically discuss in the context of Civil Service Conduct Rules, 1964.","10",""],[13,"3. (b) \"Man by nature is a political animal\". Explain with reference to Aristotle's idea of the state in life of the society.","10",""],[15,"4. (a) What are the factors that have influenced the contemporary attitude of the state and the society towards homosexuality in India? Also, comment on the changing attitude and the factors driving this change.","10",""],[17,"4. (b) With behavioural issues and suicides among children on the rise, teachers and parents need to play an active part in ensuring mental well-being. Discuss. Also, explain the importance of emotional intelligence in this regard.","10",""],[19,"5. (a) The policy of Dhamma advocated by Ashoka through his edicts remains relevant in the context of issues in public life even today. Elucidate with examples.","10",""],[21,"5. (b) Arguably, poverty is not only a matter of statistics. It is a reflection on the kind of society we live in. In this context, discuss the ethical implications for a society that witnesses high incidence of poverty.","10",""],[23,"6. Every superstition cannot be removed by the force of law. For that, a mental change is necessary. Comment. Also, explain how educators and public figures can help in eradicating superstition and instilling scientific temper among people.","10",""],[25,"7. Many argue that there are times, when war is morally permissible, and even obligatory. Critically discuss.","10",""],[27,"8. It has been argued that traditional approaches to corporate social responsibility (CSR) are inadequate. Discuss. Also, examine the role of Social License to Operate (SLO) in this regard.","10",""],[29,"9. A renowned and critically acclaimed producer-director has come up with a new movie based on retelling of the freedom movement. The trailer of this project depicts prominent freedom fighters and various aspects of their personalities. It is a project that involves substantial sums of money and has taken collaborative efforts of 3 years. However, certain political and social activists have objected to what they perceived as negative portrayal of some freedom fighters. As such, they have opposed the release of this movie and issued threats with serious consequences. This has come in the context of increase in the number of instances involving many groups issuing threats against one or the other movie. In such a context you have been designated as the head of a special committee with the broad responsibility of reviewing the film certification process in general as well as the checking the historical accuracy of the events depicted in this particular movie.\n(a) Who are the key stakeholders you would involve as part of the consultation process?\n(b) What are the principles that you would consider while giving your recommendations to the government? Also, provide an outline of a solution that you deem appropriate in the prevailing context.","","around 250"],[34,"10. There have been reports of repeat instances of mob lynching in different states of India. It has been pointed out that these presumably faceless mobs gather impromptu on the basis of unverified information on issues that affect the collective conscience of the society such as child trafficking, sexual harassment, cow slaughter etc. Most of the people don't even regret their action of violating the law and even get away with committing such a heinous crime.\n(a) What are the socio-psychological factors that motivate people to join the mob and kill fellow human beings?\n(b) Identify the implications of increasing crime of lynching on society.\n(c) Examine the role of social media in recent instances of mob lynching. As a law enforcement officer, how will you prevent such incidents from happening in your district?","20",""],[39,"11. We live in a time when almost everything can be bought and sold. Over the past few years, markets and market values have come to govern our lives as never before. Today the logic of buying and selling no longer applies to material good alone but increasingly governs the whole of life. However, there is a wide spread realization that markets have become detached from morals and we need to somehow reconnect them. The use of markets to allocate social goods has also been a cause of concern. In this context, answer the following:\n(a) Is greed wholly a vice or a trait of character that has both positive and negative sides? Could you relate it to the utilitarian philosophy that emphasizes pursuit of self interest by individuals as the basis of economic well being?\n(b) Are there some things that money shouldn't buy? Illustrate with examples.","20",""],[44,"12. You are the head of a policy think-tank. There is a proposal to cut down more than 10,000 trees to build a residential colony in the capital of the country. The city has one of the highest homeless population in the country and the settlement will be used for them. This news has generated a lot of public debate. While on the one hand is the need to expand urban infrastructure in order to meet the demands of the growing population, on the other, is the environmental concern. In last ten years, the city has lost more than half of its green cover and has seen increased frequency of extreme climatic events. You are asked to deliver a lecture for the policymakers and concerned citizens, in which you have to specifically deal with the following questions:\n(a) Why do you think such situations arise in the first place where developmental activities and environmental concerns often come out as antithetical to each other?\n(b) What should be the short-term and long-term solutions for tackling such situations?\n(c) What are the potential benefits of inculcating environmental concerns in the policy making and planning process?","20",""],[49,"13. You are a young athlete representing India at an international-level competition. During the competition, you witness a few senior athletes injecting something using a syringe, in private. When you approach them, they explain that it is a performance enhancing drug, which is very common in such competitions and you should take the same as well. You are in fear and decide to approach the coach to discuss the event you witnessed. However, you get to know that the athletes are taking the drug at the advice of the coach himself.\n(a) What would you do in this scenario? Discuss the options available to you and chart your course of action.\n(b) Why do you think use of unfair means to enhance performance is common in competitive sporting event? How can this practice be minimized?","20",""],[54,"14. You have been appointed by Election Commission as a booth level officer to oversee the conduct of elections in a remote and under-developed area. For the preparations of elections, you have been instructed to ensure maximum voter turnout. For this, you conduct a series of meetings with the people in villages encouraging them to vote in large numbers. However, they confront you with the fact that despite so many previous elections, the promises made by representatives remain unfulfilled and even the basic necessities of livelihood are not available. As such, they are ignorant of your appeals and are subsequently not forthcoming even to listen to you, let alone giving assurances to vote. Based on this information, answer the following questions:\n(a) Identify the stakeholders in the situation along with their interests.\n(b) What are the factors that you will take into account to convince the people and ensure maximum voter turnout?","20",""],[55,"(b) What is the basic reason for the services not reaching them?","",""]]},{"i":988,"t":"Kanishak Kataria","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1xAOKuAvZpj769CBfSITdlVTomJJWISKx/view","q":[[3,"1. (a) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the recent refugee crisis and immigration as a global phenomenon from a broad perspective of globalisation and rights of citizens and aliens.","10","150"],[5,"1. (b) Corruption distorts not only functioning of the Government in India but business and corporate activities as well. Explain and discuss how the state can effectively deal with deficit of ethics in the private sector.","10",""],[7,"2. Given below are two quotations of moral thinkers/ philosophers. For each of these, bring out what it means to you in the present context.\n(a) \"Silence becomes cowardice when occasion demands speaking out the whole truth and acting accordingly\" - Mahatma Gandhi.","10",""],[9,"2. (b) \"We must not only tolerate others, but positively embrace them\" - Swami Vivekananda.","10",""],[11,"3. (a) Emotional Intelligence is part nature and part nurture. Explaining the statement, discuss how emotional intelligence of civil servants can be enhanced.","10",""],[13,"3. (b) What do you understand by Probity in Governance? Examine whether the recent amendments to Prevention of Corruption Act and the proposed ones in Whistleblower Protection Act undermine it.","10",""],[15,"4. (a) Ensuring that civil service values are recognised during the recruitment process and ensured through a code of ethics after appointment is a necessary condition of making the civil services an effective instrument of citizen centric governance.","10",""],[17,"4. (b) What do you understand by cognitive dissonance? Giving examples, discuss how it influences one's behavior and attitude.","10",""],[19,"5. (a) What do you understand by Amartya Sen's 'capability approach'? Analyse its significance in understanding social realities and in making a pro poor development strategy.","10",""],[21,"5 (b) While in principle most nations claim commitment to universal values, in practice these values are honoured more in breach than in the observance. In context of this statement, comment on the relevance of values in foreign policy.","10",""],[23,"6. While some ethical approaches consider an action to be ethical based on results, other focus on means. Taking the example of Indian bureaucracy, compare and examine how these approaches have played out for the benefit of citizens.","10",""],[25,"7. What are the ethical principles that should form the basis of the system permitting organ donation and allocation? Also discuss the importance of regulation for the success of any organ transplant program.","10",""],[27,"8. Where as some argue that leaks constitute an affront to democracy, others are of the opinion that leaks are a part of democracy. Examine the merits of both the arguments in the context of information attributed to leaks from government offices and whistleblowers.","10",""],[29,"9. You are a young recruit to the IAS. Upon the completion of your training you have been posted in a subdivision of a district where industrial development has been lagging. The area has large reserves of minerals and a significant tribal population. The government has identified the area for a large thermal power plant and also adequate expansion of mining. This announcement has seen a rise in land prices in the area as well as unrest among the local population about possible land acquisition. As part of routine examination of records you observe large land purchases in recent years that are linked with the family of the local politician, who is also a member of the state cabinet. You also recognise that much of this land is around the site of the proposed industrial area. Further, one of your staff members also informs you that the family has been buying in the name of drivers, cleaners as well as domestic helps. You feel that having been aware of the policy decision the politician has played a role in these purchases. Incidently your relations with the politician have been cordial and he is a popular figure in the area.\n(a) As the official responsible for acquisition of land and payment of compensation for the land acquired, what are the ethical issues that you face in the given situation?\n(b) What will be your response to a suggestion that in view of these benami land transfers a freeze on land sale in the area should be enforced?\n(c) What is the course of action that you would take? Justify with reasons.","20","in around 250"],[34,"10 According to the WHO suicide is the second leading cause of death in the age group of 15-29 years globally. In India also, instances of young people committing suicide have been reported widely in recent times. It is all the more disturbing that such a phenomenon is increasingly visible in urban and prosperous areas.\n(a) What are the reasons that render people vulnerable to taking such drastic steps as suicide?\n(b) Also, discuss the role that you as an individual, the society and the government can play in addressing this issue.","20",""],[38,"11. You are posted as a District Magistrate of a primarily rural district. Excess agricultural production has led to a continuous fall in market prices of crops in the last three years. With elections approaching soon, the opposition has decided to make this a political issue and has mobilised farmers to protest against falling prices. The protests turned violent at some point and police had to fire in self-defence, killing two people. Violence has increased since then and you yourself were attacked when you tried to pacify the protestors. The protestors have also blocked the main roads as well as railways to prevent movement of goods and people. Given the situation, answer the following questions:\n(a) Identify the key concerns that need to be addressed on a priority basis.\n(b) What steps will you take to address them?","20",""],[42,"12. You have recently been promoted as a Branch Manager in a Public Sector Bank. The bank is battling high NPAs and mounting losses. You have been assigned a very high target of loans by the higher management for the current quarter. Your career prospects also depend on your performance in critical times. Few days back you rejected a loan application for a huge sum based on detailed analysis. Today you got a call from the Regional Manager to approve the loan quickly. On your reluctance to approve, he hints that the loan is sought by a person well connected in the finance ministry and that a refusal will have consequences for everyone in the approval chain. You are now in a tough spot. Based on the given information, answer the following questions:\n(a) Bring out the ethical issues in the case above.\n(b) What are the consequences of agreeing to the demands of the senior in the given case. Assess which of them are meritorious and which are not.\n(c) Suggest institutional reforms that can result in non-punishment of honest feedback.","20",""],[47,"13. You, the chairperson of a State Public Service Commission (SPSC), come to know that there were instances of rampant cheating in a competitive exam conducted recently by the SPSC. Your daughter, who also appeared in this exam and is confident of clearing it corroborates the same. However, she denies engaging in any such activity herself. Whatever decision the Commission takes is bound to affect the career of a large number of candidates who appeared in the exam, including your own daughter.\n(a) Identify the different stakeholders and their interests in the case above.\n(b) Enumerate the options you have to handle the current situation. What will be your choice and why?\n(c) Suggest measures that you would take to make sure that a similar situation does not arise in future.","20",""],[52,"14. You are waiting in your car for your turn at a toll tax booth. You suddenly witness some men heckling and manhandling the toll booth operator and vandalising the property at the toll booth. They are accompanying a local politician who was passing through. Disgruntled with the fact that they were asked to pay the toll, they began to argue that the toll is too high and the public is being exploited by charging an unreasonable toll fee. At the same time they are also warning others against paying the toll fee. However, the other people around you are keeping with themselves, without anyone coming forward to intervene. While you also felt that the toll was quite high, you believe that this is not the right thing to do.\n(a) Bring out the ethical issues in the case above.\n(b) What accounts for such an overt display of hooliganism in our country.\n(c) What is the course of action that you would take? Justify with appropriate reasons.","20",""]]},{"i":989,"t":"Kanishak Kataria","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/16biOLB1p2VaIQQF0vnCJs05Hfm1gThUw/view","q":[[3,"1. (a) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the recent refugee crisis and immigration as a global phenomenon from a broad perspective of globalisation and rights of citizens and aliens.","10","150"],[5,"1. (b) Corruption distorts not only functioning of the Government in India but business and corporate activities as well. Explain and discuss how the state can effectively deal with deficit of ethics in the private sector.","10",""],[7,"2. Given below are two quotations of moral thinkers/ philosophers. For each of these, bring out what it means to you in the present context.\n(a) \"Silence becomes cowardice when occasion demands speaking out the whole truth and acting accordingly\" - Mahatma Gandhi.","10",""],[9,"2. (b) \"We must not only tolerate others, but positively embrace them\" - Swami Vivekananda.","10",""],[11,"3. (a) Emotional Intelligence is part nature and part nurture. Explaining the statement, discuss how emotional intelligence of civil servants can be enhanced.","10",""],[13,"3. (b) What do you understand by Probity in Governance? Examine whether the recent amendments to Prevention of Corruption Act and the proposed ones in Whistleblower Protection Act undermine it.","10",""],[15,"4. (a) Ensuring that civil service values are recognised during the recruitment process and ensured through a code of ethics after appointment is a necessary condition of making the civil services an effective instrument of citizen centric governance.","10",""],[17,"4. (b) What do you understand by cognitive dissonance? Giving examples, discuss how it influences one's behavior and attitude.","10",""],[19,"5. (a) What do you understand by Amartya Sen's 'capability approach'? Analyse its significance in understanding social realities and in making a pro poor development strategy.","10",""],[21,"5. (b) While in principle most nations claim commitment to universal values, in practice these values are honoured more in breach than in the observance. In context of this statement, comment on the relevance of values in foreign policy.","10",""],[23,"6. While some ethical approaches consider an action to be ethical based on results, other focus on means. Taking the example of Indian bureaucracy, compare and examine how these approaches have played out for the benefit of citizens.","10",""],[25,"7. What are the ethical principles that should form the basis of the system permitting organ donation and allocation? Also discuss the importance of regulation for the success of any organ transplant program.","10",""],[27,"8. Where as some argue that leaks constitute an affront to democracy, others are of the opinion that leaks are a part of democracy. Examine the merits of both the arguments in the context of information attributed to leaks from government offices and whistleblowers.","10",""],[29,"9. You are a young recruit to the IAS. Upon the completion of your training you have been posted in a subdivision of a district where industrial development has been lagging. The area has large reserves of minerals and a significant tribal population. The government has identified the area for a large thermal power plant and also adequate expansion of mining. This announcement has seen a rise in land prices in the area as well as unrest among the local population about possible land acquisition. As part of routine examination of records you observe large land purchases in recent years that are linked with the family of the local politician, who is also a member of the state cabinet. You also recognise that much of this land is around the site of the proposed industrial area. Further, one of your staff members also informs you that the family has been buying in the name of drivers, cleaners as well as domestic helps. You feel that having been aware of the policy decision the politician has played a role in these purchases. Incidently your relations with the politician have been cordial and he is a popular figure in the area.\n(a) As the official responsible for acquisition of land and payment of compensation for the land acquired, what are the ethical issues that you face in the given situation?\n(b) What will be your response to a suggestion that in view of these benami land transfers a freeze on land sale in the area should be enforced?\n(c) What is the course of action that you would take? Justify with reasons.","20","in around 250"],[34,"10 According to the WHO suicide is the second leading cause of death in the age group of 15-29 years globally. In India also, instances of young people committing suicide have been reported widely in recent times. It is all the more disturbing that such a phenomenon is increasingly visible in urban and prosperous areas.\n(a) What are the reasons that render people vulnerable to taking such drastic steps as suicide?\n(b) Also, discuss the role that you as an individual, the society and the government can play in addressing this issue.","20",""],[38,"11. You are posted as a District Magistrate of a primarily rural district. Excess agricultural production has led to a continuous fall in market prices of crops in the last three years. With elections approaching soon, the opposition has decided to make this a political issue and has mobilised farmers to protest against falling prices. The protests turned violent at some point and police had to fire in self-defence, killing two people. Violence has increased since then and you yourself were attacked when you tried to pacify the protestors. The protestors have also blocked the main roads as well as railways to prevent movement of goods and people. Given the situation, answer the following questions:\n(a) Identify the key concerns that need to be addressed on a priority basis.\n(b) What steps will you take to address them?","20",""],[42,"12. You have recently been promoted as a Branch Manager in a Public Sector Bank. The bank is battling high NPAs and mounting losses. You have been assigned a very high target of loans by the higher management for the current quarter. Your career prospects also depend on your performance in critical times. Few days back you rejected a loan application for a huge sum based on detailed analysis. Today you got a call from the Regional Manager to approve the loan quickly. On your reluctance to approve, he hints that the loan is sought by a person well connected in the finance ministry and that a refusal will have consequences for everyone in the approval chain. You are now in a tough spot. Based on the given information, answer the following questions:\n(a) Bring out the ethical issues in the case above.\n(b) What are the consequences of agreeing to the demands of the senior in the given case. Assess which of them are meritorious and which are not.\n(c) Suggest institutional reforms that can result in non-punishment of honest feedback.","20",""],[47,"13. You, the chairperson of a State Public Service Commission (SPSC), come to know that there were instances of rampant cheating in a competitive exam conducted recently by the SPSC. Your daughter, who also appeared in this exam and is confident of clearing it corroborates the same. However, she denies engaging in any such activity herself. Whatever decision the Commission takes is bound to affect the career of a large number of candidates who appeared in the exam, including your own daughter.\n(a) Identify the different stakeholders and their interests in the case above.\n(b) Enumerate the options you have to handle the current situation. What will be your choice and why?\n(c) Suggest measures that you would take to make sure that a similar situation does not arise in future.","20",""],[52,"14. You are waiting in your car for your turn at a toll tax booth. You suddenly witness some men heckling and manhandling the toll booth operator and vandalising the property at the toll booth. They are accompanying a local politician who was passing through. Disgruntled with the fact that they were asked to pay the toll, they began to argue that the toll is too high and the public is being exploited by charging an unreasonable toll fee. At the same time they are also warning others against paying the toll fee. However, the other people around you are keeping with themselves, without anyone coming forward to intervene. While you also felt that the toll was quite high, you believe that this is not the right thing to do.\n(a) Bring out the ethical issues in the case above.\n(b) What accounts for such an overt display of hooliganism in our country.\n(c) What is the course of action that you would take? Justify with appropriate reasons.","20",""]]},{"i":445,"t":"Karan Seth","c":"Forumias","p":"Essay","y":2025,"r":333,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/KARAN-SETHUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-333-Sample-ESSAY-COPY-1.pdf","q":[[3,"1. Glaciers are the canaries in the coal mine of climate change.\n2. To be content with little is difficult; to be content with much, impossible.\n3. The true cost of economic and leadership gaps is deferred growth and skewed transitions.\n4. An India that is not pluralist is not India at all.","",""],[16,"1. True peace is not merely the absence of tension; it is the presence of justice.","",""]]},{"i":990,"t":"Karishma Nair","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1rgFE80Oj5EflBKJNG1ABFM6aD0VIL80_/view","q":[[3,"1. (a) What do you understand by cultural sensitivity? Identify the ways in which individuals and organisations can benefit from cultural sensitivity in India.","10","not more than 150"],[5,"1. (b) In the quest for scientific and technological development, ethical values should not be neglected. Discuss in the current context.","10",""],[7,"2. (a) In a plural society like India, education should help the individual to celebrate the plurality and visualize the inherent unity of cultures and values. Analyze the statement in the present context with examples.","10",""],[9,"2. (b) Elucidate Swami Vivekananda's ideas on nationalism.","10",""],[11,"3. Given below are quotations of moral thinkers/philosophers. Bring out what they mean to you in the present context:\n(a) The best way to find yourself is to lose yourself in the service of others. Mahatma Gandhi","10",""],[13,"3. (b) So long as you do not achieve social liberty, whatever freedom is provided by the law is of no avail to you. B.R. Ambedkar","10",""],[15,"4. (a) Explaining the concept of moral attitude, discuss how social media is shaping moral attitudes of people.","10",""],[17,"4. (b) Analyse the importance of both influence and persuasion for effective leadership.","10",""],[19,"5. (a) Analyze the significance of adopting a code of ethics for creating a healthy work culture in an organization.","10",""],[21,"5. (b) Ethos, ethics, equity and efficiency are key criteria on the basis of which the competency of civil servants should be judged. Analyse.","10",""],[23,"6. The mandatory nature of Corporate Social Responsibility goes against the notion of philanthropy. Discuss.","10",""],[25,"7. There have been arguments that rich countries owe an obligation to people living in poor countries. In this context, discuss the issues associated with foreign aid.","10",""],[27,"8. It is essential that people have access to information if they are to have the capacity to exercise other rights. Discuss the statement with focus on importance of RTI in governance.","10",""],[29,"9 You have been recently appointed as the head of tourism department of a state in India that has many places of great historical importance. In the past few years, the state has witnessed a decrease in tourist inflow. Upon enquiry, you come to know that this decrease is largely attributed to the influence of touts and harassment of tourists, including unwanted advances and grossly overcharging them for various services. You also did a quick search about your state on leading travel advisory websites and found that it has earned a dubious reputation for being particularly unsafe for women tourists.\n\nGiven the situation, answer the following:\n(a) Do you think that such a state of affairs can be attributed to insensitivity prevailing in the society? How can the community be made more sensitive towards tourists?\n(b) Suggest some measures to make a quick turnaround in terms of reputation, employment generation and rebuild the reputation of the state as a safe haven for tourists.","20","in around 250"],[34,"10. A private company has proposed a large-scale hydel power project to tap the potential of a fast-flowing river in a state predominantly occupied by indigenous tribal groups. The state is backward and badly needs funds for socio-economic development. The state government is deliberating on the issue and is yet to take a final decision on the matter.\nWhile the project is expected to generate substantial revenue and employment, it will submerge the surrounding areas eventually displacing the tribals. Another issue of concern is that the tribal community regards this land and the river as sacred and integral to their cultural heritage. Thus, the tribals are not in favour of going ahead with the project and are already protesting against it. Their leader has threatened to initiate a hunger strike if the government goes ahead with the project. This has caught the attention of the mainstream media and social activists.\nBased on the information given above, answer the following:\n(a) Identify the stakeholders involved in the case and their respective interests.\n(b) Keeping in mind the issues involved, how can differing interests be reconciled for ensuring sustainable development in the area?","20",""],[39,"11. You are posted as Superintendent of Police (SP) in a district, which has a bustling market in the district headquarters with a high footfall. The area has traditionally been occupied by street vendors and hawkers. They form an intrinsic part of the market system in the area and derive their livelihood from it. Recently, you got reports that the policemen posted in the area harass the hawkers and also extort 'hafta' - a weekly bribe - from them despite complying with the laws. It has been brought to your notice that while those who comply with this arrangement are allowed to carry on with their daily operations, those who do not are being evicted from the market area. In the process of eviction, they are even physically assaulted and their saleable items are often confiscated and destroyed. As a result, some street vendors have been staging protests against the local administration in the market and have blocked the normal market passage. They have also threatened to intensify their protest over a period of time. The local police, however, has been in denial of any such wrong doings and argue that they are merely removing illegal encroachments, which were causing traffic jam in the area. In this situation, answer the following:\n(a) Mention the stakeholders and ethical issues involved in the case.\n(b) As the Superintendent of Police, what course of action would you adopt for diffusing the tensions in the area? Also, suggest some policy recommendations, which will help resolve the issues in the long-term.","20",""],[44,"12. A mid level manager in a food and beverages firm has been assigned the responsibility to deal with tensions arising in a rural area between the firm and the local farmers. These farmers supply the company with bananas, which are used exclusively by the company in its niche products. The banana plantations are growing a variety developed by the firm. The core issue revolves around the perceived violation of company's IPR as many of the farmers in the neighbouring areas have also started growing the same variety of banana. It is suspected that the farmers with whom the company had a contract have shared the breed with others in the region. The legal department of the firm is of the opinion that a legal complaint against the farmers is the only way to protect the IPR of the company. It would also set a precedent for the future. However, many in the firm also believe that such a step would escalate the matter.\n\nIn such a scenario, identify the key issues to be addressed. What measures would you suggest to deal with these issues?","20",""],[49,"13. You have recently been posted as a probationary officer in the District Magistrate's office in a tribal district. During one of the fieldtrips, while interacting with the tribals, you come to know about a private company, established a few years back, which has transformed their lives. The company, using the traditional knowledge of tribals, had launched a series of products and provided numerous livelihood opportunities to the tribals.\n\nUpon further enquiry, you come to know that while the lives of tribals had indeed improved, the distribution of profits however, has been quite disproportionate. The company has seen a huge growth in its operations and its owners have amassed huge wealth. It is also planning to file for IPR, which may further hinder the interests of the tribals.\n\nYou feel that tribals have been left short changed and there has not been an equitable sharing of benefits arising out of the use of their resources. When you tried to approach the Gram Sabha and voice your concerns, the tribals requested you not to intervene as they do not have any alternatives. They also argue that governments in the past have failed to protect their interests.\n\nGiven the situation, answer the following:\n(a) Identify the different stakeholders and their interests involved in this case.\n(b) Present a case to convince the District Magistrate for the need of government intervention in the situation.","20",""],[54,"14. Various studies have found out that cases of depression and mental illness have increased exponentially in the recent past. Also, in the age group of 15-30 years, this problem is further pronounced. Furthermore, the rising trend of suicides in this age group has been attributed to depression.\n\nGiven the situation, answer the following questions:\n(a) Present an ethical critique of the prevalent societal attitude towards mental illness.\n(b) Given the magnitude of the problem among younger generation/young adults, analyse the role of the following:\ni. Parenting\nii. Social Media\niii. Video Games","20",""]]},{"i":991,"t":"Karishma Nair","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1HxDCRNJN0vN4gmK9qG5lQt89ACBj2NSs/view","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) Examine the relevance of following values in the context of Civil Service with suitable examples:\n1. Objectivity\n2. Persuasion\n3. Compassion\n4. Anonymity","10","150"],[5,"b) 'Public money ought to be touched with the most scrupulous consciousness of honor'. In the light of this statement discuss the values that should guide a civil servant when dealing with public funds.","10","150"],[7,"Q2) a) It is during the times of distress and uncertainties that public servants need to display emotional intelligence and become pillars of strength for the society. Analyze this statement with focus on healthcare professionals in dealing with the pandemic.","10","150"],[9,"b) Social media platforms are inherently wired to reinforce one's political and social attitude, irrespective of its ethicality. Critically Analyze.","10","150"],[11,"Q.3) a) Without attitudinal reorientation of civil servants, Citizen Charter may remain another cosmetic change in series of administrative reforms. Examine.","10","150"],[13,"b) Jaina's philosophy of Anekantavada can help preserve the spirit of tolerance and peaceful co-existence in India. Comment.","10","150"],[15,"Q 4 a) Can social changes be induced through force of law? Assess appropriateness of using law for bringing social changes.","10","150"],[17,"While civil servants require discretionary powers for better decision making and innovative problem solving, it may be misused and derail ethical governance. Comment.","10","150"],[19,"Q5) a) It is a crime against humanity to make a profit during any human tragedy. On the contrary, there should be empathy and concern about human suffering. Analyse in the context of ethical issues involved in the pre purchase agreements of Covid-19 vaccine between different nations and pharmaceutical companies.","10","150"],[21,"b) Probity in governance is an essential and vital requirement for an efficient and effective system of governance and for socio-economic development. Discuss.","10","150"],[23,"Q6) Given below are quotations of moral thinkers/ philosophers/ psychologists. For each of these, bring out what it means to you in the present context.\na) \"In any moment of decision, the best thing you can do is the right thing. The worst thing you can do is nothing.\" - Theodore Roosevelt.","10","150"],[25,"b) 'When Men are Pure, Laws are useless; When men are corrupt, laws are broken' - former British PM Benjamin Disraeli","10","150"],[27,"Q.7 Stanley Milgram, an American psychologist conducted a scientific experiment to demonstrate how someone in a position of authority can influence people to behave unethically and against their wishes, proved that subjects often performed actions that were unethical when ordered to by a person in authority. It happened in case of German dictator Adolf Hitler also who ordered the killing of millions of people during World War II and could produce obedience.\n\nCivil servants are generally both victims and perpetrators of this power of authority. Discuss how. What would be your course of action when stuck in a similar situation?","20","250"],[31,"Q.8 Sahdev and Aparna had a son named Abhijeet who was diagnosed with thalassemia minor when he was just a few months old. Abhijeet thus, needed blood transfusion every three weeks, resulting in chronic weakness and a compromised immune system resulting in frequent illnesses.\nThe permanent cure for Abhijeet's ailment was bone transplant, but due to no match in the family, it was not possible. The couple then found out about the concept of 'saviour sibling' and decided to go ahead with it. A saviour sibling is a child conceived through selective In vitro fertilization (IVF) as a potential source of donor organs or cells for an existing brother or sister with a life-threatening medical condition.\nAfter many attempts, the couple finally gave birth to a healthy baby girl Kavya, who matched the criteria to be a donor for Abhijeet. However, Kavya had to grow and weigh 10 kg before she could donate stem cells for transplantation to save her critically ill brother. While the procedure of donating stem cells is not dangerous, it would be extremely painful.\na) List the ethical arguments for and against the 'saviour child therapy'. Do you believe that it is ethical for a parent to give consent for donation of stem cells on behalf of infants?\nb) If the procedure also included risk to the life of the new born baby, would it still be a prudent therapy? Justify your answer.","20","20"],[35,"Q.9 You are a responsible and dedicated district level officer. Knowing your dedication towards the work, the government entrusted you with the responsibility of solving the livelihood problems of common people of a district named Birbhoom.\n\nBirbhoom is a district in West Bengal hardest hit by cyclone Amphan. It destroyed thousands of homes, rendered many people homeless and without any means of livelihood. Some families lost their only bread earner. The cyclone washed away embankments, mud homes and fisheries, which thousands of families relied upon for their livelihood and sanitation infrastructure collapsed. Large areas of agricultural land are still water-logged. At the same time COVID-19 is deepening the crisis as many more are losing their livelihood because of the lockdown measures and some people are facing health issues.\n\nAn uphill task of rescuing people by maintaining safe distance between them is also a problem. Moreover, in last few weeks, thousands of migrants have also come back from cities across India to west Bengal. Most of them are placed in quarantine facilities, some are facing livelihood issues.\na) In such a scenario, how would you manage the societal, livelihood and health issues of the affected vulnerable communities at the same time?\nb) Examine the qualities that help a public servant in tacking such crisis situations in a better manner.","20","250"],[38,"(b) Qualities that help public servants in crisis","",""],[39,"Q.10) Law enforcement officers possess enormous amounts of power, which can be used against citizens to deprive them of their freedom, search them and their dwellings, seize their property, and use force against them. These powers are legally permitted under specific circumstances, and law enforcement officers are trained to know when these powers can be legally applied. As law enforcement officers rank among the most powerful occupations in society, what compounds their ability to use their power is that they are often in contact with relatively powerless and disenfranchised citizens who may be unable to resist an officer's illegitimate use of that power.\n\nWhat measures can be taken to prevent illegitimate use of power by law enforcement officers? Would it help in achievement of our aim to make Indian police more sensitive and approachable?","20","250"],[43,"Q.11 You have recently started working for an international soft drink company as its quality control officer. The company sells its signature soft drink under the same brand name all over the world. The soft drink is very popular in India and generates substantial revenue for the company. While the drink is in compliance with the Indian regulatory criteria, you recently discovered during your inspection that the drink is less healthy compared to those sold in developed markets. This is due to a cheaper water filtration system used for Indian markets.\nOn bringing the issue in notice to your immediate manager, he simply ignored the matter saying that the company is following all the laws. On further enquiry, you found out that the other employees in the company are silent on the issue due to fear of losing their job. You also found out that your predecessor raised the same concern and was fired from his job.\nEvaluating all the options available with you, what would you do in this situation and why?","20","250"],[47,"Q.12) You are the District Administrator of an area which is predominantly agriculture based and is experiencing high COVID-19 infection cases and related deaths. The government has recently introduced some legislations which would affect the farming sector. These new bills however, have generated a lot of discontent among the farming community in your district. Farmers have gathered in huge numbers to protest the new bills in the busy part of the city, violating the COVID guidelines like wearing masks or maintaining social distancing norms. Because of such a situation, the law and order as well as the health situation in your district has become vulnerable. Given this situation, state your opinions on the following:\na) How will you balance their right of the protestors and safety of the public?\nb) What will be your course of action in the given situation?\nc) Should the Right to Protest be suspended temporarily to arrest the Covid-19 infection wave?","20","250"]]},{"i":992,"t":"Karishma Nair","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1gVfkspKXARuz7VegWJ3x5vHDep5d0c4v/view","q":[[3,"Q1 a) Laws and conscience often complement each other to guide the ethical behavior. However, when contradicting, they become the roots of ethical dilemmas. Examine the statement with suitable examples.","10","150"],[5,"The moral compass of a society is demonstrated in the times of crisis. In this context analyze the various ethical concerns during the recent migrant crisis due to COVID.","10","150"],[7,"Q.2 a What do you understand by cognitive dissonance? Discuss the role it can play as a tool for persuasion and attitude change.","10","150"],[8,"Q-2) a) What do you understand by cognitive dissonance? Discuss the role it can play as a tool for persuasion and attitude change.","10","150"],[9,"By Rule of law can only defeat the perverse mind. However, it cannot defeat the perversity of the heart. In the light of this statement, discuss the relevance of ethics as an internal check of human actions.","10","150"],[11,"Q.3) a) \"Right to Information (RTI) Act, 2005 was enacted to ensure ethics and morality in public service. It should not become a means for unethical objectives\". Examine the statement in the light of misuse of RTI act to fulfill vested interests.","10","150"],[13,"b) \"Emotional competence is the single most important personal quality that each of us must develop and access to experience a breakthrough\". Do you agree with this view? Discuss.","10","150"],[15,"Q.4 a) What do you mean by \"public\" in public service? In a country like India, should public service be governed by the utilitarian principle of the \"greatest happiness of the greatest number\"?","10","150"],[17,"What are various challenges in effective public service delivery in the country? How can the use of 'Sevottam Model' bring excellence in public service delivery?","10","150"],[19,"Q.5 a) Elimination of corruption is not only a moral imperative but an economic necessity for a nation aspiring to catch up with the rest of the world. Examine the statement and its relevance in the Indian context.","10","150"],[21,"b) Ethical perspectives have influential roles in foreign affairs and international decision making; however, nation-states throughout the international system have different beliefs about what ethics is. In this context, discuss how acceptable ethical standards can be set in international relations.","10","150"],[23,"Q6 a) Given below are quotations of moral thinkers/philosophers. Bring out what they mean to you in the present context:\na) Where the roots of private virtue are diseased, the fruit of public probity cannot but be corrupt. - Felix Adler","10","150"],[25,"b) \"Our lives begin to end the day we become silent about things that matter\". - Martin Luther King","10","150"],[27,"e) \"When a man is prey to his emotions, he is not his own master.\" - Benedict de Spinoza","10","150"],[29,"Q.7) During the COVID-19 pandemic, many people have been put under quarantine, in many cases even when they have not been tested positive. There have been cases where many state governments even violated the medical ethics code by publishing address details, marking doors of their home with stickers and even large posters, stamping them with indelible ink. The practice of conspicuously affixing posters outside the residence of COVID19 positive patients creates stigma and often leads to a situation where patients may be treated as so called \"untouchables\" in the society. Such instances present a case for an unwarranted diminution of dignity and personal liberty. These measures are in direct violation of medical ethics and patient's right to privacy and confidentiality.\na) What is the ethical dilemma involved in this situation?\nb) How can a balance be achieved by district administration between ensuring public safety during a pandemic and ensuring that right to privacy and dignity of people is not violated.","20","250"],[33,"Q.8) Civil servants form a part of permanent executive different from the temporary executive. The Indian Constitution provides for protecting civil servants from the undue political influence. It is expected that when caught between various political ideologies and in conflicts of opinion, civil servants maintain their neutrality so as to uphold the principles of good governance. But in recent times there are increasing instances of bureaucrats getting involved in politics compromising their neutrality.\na) Discuss the need for civil servants to be politically neutral.\nb) Enumerate challenges faced by politically neutral civil servants in different situations.","20","250"],[37,"Q.9 Air Pollution and environmental degradation are among the most urgent issues of the century. The negative consequences of these issues are not unknown to anyone. Government is bringing laws and regulations to check issues like stubble burning, bursting fire crackers etc. but the outcome of the laws and regulations has remained very limited. It is due to the fact that the major responsibility lies with the general public which holds an indifferent attitude towards the same.\na) Discuss the reasons behind such lack of concern about the issue among people.\nb) Suggest measures to rectify the attitude and behaviour of the people towards environment.","20","250"],[38,"(a) Reasons behind lack of concern about the issue among people.","",""],[41,"Q20 The government recently launched a special scheme to provide scholarships to a few students from Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and underprivileged families, who have secured admission in any of the world's top 300 academic institutions. Among the students selected for the scholarship are the names of the son of a minister and the daughter of an undersecretary level IAS officer belonging to the ministry that administers the scheme. The list, when released in public domain, triggered accusations of fund misuse and questions over conflict of interest. When questioned by the media, the IAS officer answered that his daughter had already applied for the scholarship before he even joined the department. Also, he had already informed the department regarding the conflict of interest and recused himself from the interview panel and thus was not involved in the final selection of the candidates. The minister, however, denied commenting on the issue.\na) Examine the various ethical issue involved.\nb) Suggest measures to resolve the conflict of interest in order to ensure delivery of services to the last person in the line and enhancing public perception towards politicians & bureaucrats.","20","20"],[42,"(a) Ethical issues involved","",""],[45,"Q.11 You are a police officer known for your expertise in conducting fair and unbiased enquiries. You really admire a Bollywood actor, Jonny who has a large follower base among the masses as most of his movies have a social message aimed at betterment of the society. All the roles he has played in movies or advertisements are aimed at making positive influence on his followers. Recently, his name has cropped up in one of your investigations related to Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act. An accused under the investigation alleges that the said actor is a regular buyer of the substances prohibited under the Act. The conviction in the case may result in fine as well as jail term. As you are the investigating officer, you have a lot of discretion in the enquiry.\na) What are the areas of conflict of interests in this case, if any?\nb) What would be your opted course of action?","20","250"],[49,"Q.12) One of the most important characteristics of an effective leader is treating people equally. This involves fairness and consistency, including regards to applying the rules to everyone equally. You are a coach of a football team. One day, you catch a few superstar players breaking some rules that should lead to their suspension from the team immediately before a big and important game. If the star players don't play, there is a good chance the team will lose. If the coach doesn't punish the players it will be violation of the established rules.\na) Discuss ethical dilemmas involved in such a situation.\nb) What will be your course of action? Justify.","20","250"]]},{"i":446,"t":"Kartik Bachhav","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2025,"r":177,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/BACHHAV-KARTIK-RAVINDRAUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-177-Sample-MGP-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1 To what extent have farmer associations been successful in influencing public policies and governance in the country?","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Article 21 of the Indian Constitution broadly interprets the right to life and liberty. Elucidate with the help of relevant case laws.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) Strengthening the subordinate judiciary is vital for revitalizing the entire edifice of the Indian judicial system. Discuss. Also, examine the role of 'All India Judicial Services' (AIJS) in enhancing the effectiveness and efficiency of the Indian judiciary.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4 Why does the Constitution not provide for a conclusive say to the State Legislative Assemblies in the creation, bifurcation, or dissolution of a State?","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) The Presidents of India and USA differ not just the manner in which they are elected but also with respect to their powers. Elucidate.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6 Governor is neither a saboteur nor a sage; he is a constitutional functionary who needs to be solely loyal to the Constitution. Critically examine the statement in the light of recent events.","15","250"],[16,"Q.7) How does the inability of local bodies to generate their own funds affect their ability to function effectively? Suggest necessary measures to empower local governments in generating independent revenue streams.","15","250"],[19,"Q.8 \"Parliamentary democracy would be incomplete without Parliamentary committees.\" In light of the statement, examine the role of the Public Accounts Committee in establishing financial accountability of the executive.","15","250"],[22,"Q.9 What do you understand by Alternate Dispute Redressal (ADR) mechanisms? What are the reasons for their low adoption as the primary mode of dispute resolution in the country? Suggest measures for improvement.","15","250"],[25,"Q.10 Although upholding the spirit of the Constitution through judicial activism is noble in its intent, in practice it runs the risk of undermining the delicate balance of power that the Constitution sought to achieve. Critically examine.","15","250"]]},{"i":993,"t":"Keerthi Vasan V","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1vO5kDkqUbvnMaDgaYckLYaU8-Jwfd5ty/view","q":[[3,"1. (a) The seeds of patriarchy and gender inequality are sown at home, which manifest as a weed at the societal level. Elucidate. Suggest an ethical framework to systematically address the issue of patriarchy in the Indian society.","10","not more than 150"],[5,"1. (b) What are the factors which drive people to take law in their own hands rather than following the due process of law? Discuss ways to address the problem of mob justice.","10",""],[7,"2. (a) In a democracy, the purpose of the government should be to make it easy for people to do good and difficult to do wrong. Comment.","10",""],[9,"2. (b) Discuss John Stuart Mill's idea on freedom of thought and expression. Also, give reasons as to why, according to Mill, representative democracy is the best form of government despite its inherent weaknesses.","10",""],[11,"3. (a) It is argued by some that nuclear weapons have acted more as a deterrent than leading to war and mass destruction. In this context, discuss whether it is ethically right to possess nuclear weapons to create nuclear deterrence.","10",""],[13,"3. (b) Differentiate between administration and leadership. Highlighting the traits which characterize an effective leader, discuss the importance of leadership in ensuring effective public service delivery in a bureaucratic setup.","10",""],[15,"4. (a) Apart from functional knowledge and expertise, the efficacy of a civil servant also depends upon his emotional intelligence. How does emotional intelligence contribute to efficacy? How can civil servants enhance their emotional intelligence?","10",""],[16,"How to enhance EI?","",""],[17,"4. (b) Enumerate the mechanisms that promote accountability of public officials in discharging their functions and responsibilities in India. Also discuss why ensuring accountability for performance is not a simple task in government service.","10",""],[18,"Why difficult to ensure accountability?","",""],[19,"5 Given below are two quotations of moral thinkers/philosophers. For each of these, bring out what it means to you in the present context.\n(a) \"The greatness of a nation and its moral progress can be judged by the way its animals are treated.\"","10",""],[21,"5. (b) \"Prejudices are what fools use for reason.\"","10",""],[23,"6. Ensuring that government decisions are not influenced by public officials' private interests is a growing concern. Discuss in the context of India. Also enumerate the core principles reflected by OECD guidelines for managing conflict of interest in the public sector.","10",""],[25,"7. Discuss, with examples, the significance of principles of public life as recommended by Nolan committee. Why are these principles considered as an essential set of expectations from public servants?","10",""],[27,"8. A peculiar inhuman situation exists for the people fleeing from war zones - they cannot go back to their homeland for fear of being persecuted and no country is ready to bear their burden due to various reasons. Citing contemporary examples, discuss the ethical issues involved in such situations.","10",""],[29,"9. As the administrator in-charge of your area, you are witness to the widespread food wastage in lavish parties as well as in restaurants and eateries, on one hand and people starving due to inability to ensure one square-meal a day, on the other. Realizing that it is not the scarcity of resources, but the habit of people that is causing paucity in availability of food, you decide that certain measures are needed to be taken in order to deal with the issue of starvation at the grassroot level. Given the situation, answer the following questions:\n(a) Identify the ethical issues involved in this case.\n(b) What measures would you take to deal with wastage of food in your area?\n(c) What explains this co-existence of affluence and hunger in developing countries like India?","20",""],[34,"10 The excluded and marginalized section of society are worst hit by globalization. Take the case of Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) like Sentinelese of Andaman & Nicobar islands; their population has reduced drastically and they are facing various other problems as well. In this context answer the following questions:\n(a) What are the challenges faced by PVTGs due to globalisation?\n(b) If you are posted as a Development Officer in such an area, what will be your priorities to reduce their vulnerabilities and ensure welfare?","20",""],[39,"11. Undercover journalism exposes injustices, negligence, corruption and wrongdoing and yet going undercover to expose wrongdoing remains controversial. But, undercover journalists contend that they are fulfilling a fundamental duty of finding truth through their journalism. They argue that public enlightenment is the forerunner of justice and the foundation of democracy and the duty of the journalist is to further those ends by seeking truth and providing a fair and comprehensive account of events and issues. So, there are some supporters of this kind of journalism, which sometimes infringe the privacy of individuals. However, some journalists also urge avoiding surreptitious methods of gathering information except when traditional open methods will not yield information vital to the public. In this context, answer the following questions:\n(a) What are the ethical issues involved in the practice of undercover journalism?\n(b) Do you support the practice of undercover investigation by journalists? Give reasons in support of your answer.","20",""],[44,"12. You are the chief executive of ABC Ltd., an automotive component manufacturing company. Until recently, all of your production plants were located in City X. However, the cost of production has risen, causing profits to decline. A number of factors have led to an increase in the production costs. First, the union representing the workers in your plant waged a successful strike resulting in increased salary and benefits. A second factor has been imposition of stringent environmental regulations. Shareholders are concerned about the declining fortunes of the company. Many of the competitors have moved their operations to less-developed cities, where the operating costs are less than in City X. ABC Ltd. is a major employer in the city where it is located, and you know that a plant closure will cause economic dislocation in the city.\nGiven the situation, answer the following questions:\n(a) What are the ethical issues involved in this case?\n(b) How can the interests of different stakeholders be reconciled in this case?","20",""],[46,"(b) How to reconcile interests?","",""],[49,"13. You are posted as a District Education Officer (DEO) in a Maoist affected district. You have been specifically given the responsibility to work on the literacy mission. After reading the education reports and doing field visits, you find that the number of out of school children has increased drastically and the motivation among students and teachers is also low. While certain basic infrastructure is already in place, the major hurdle in attracting students to these schools include the attitude of inhabitants towards education and the security risks involved in sending children to schools. Given the situation, answer the following questions:\n(a) Analyse the reasons behind such an attitude.\n(b) As a DEO, what are the steps that you would take in order to increase the school attendance and change the prevalent attitude of inhabitants towards education?","20",""],[50,"a) Reasons behind such attitude :-","",""],[54,"14 Mr. Pradeep is a senior civil servant in the central government and is involved in the budgeting department. In the course of performing his duties, he comes to know about diversion of funds earmarked for SC/ST sub-plan for other purposes. While he is not directly responsible for this aspect of the budget, he raised his concerns to the department concerned. He also learns that the minister responsible as well as senior most civil servants are aware of the practice and have given tacit approval for it. Soon thereafter, Pradeep was summoned to talk on the issue and was told that since the matter is not within his jurisdiction, he should 'keep his nose out of it'. After much soul searching, Pradeep decided to obey his supervisors by leaving the matter alone. Based on the information given, answer the following questions:\n(a) Elaborate on the internal dissonance that Pradeep faces in the given situation.\n(b) On what basis can the decision of Pradeep be justified?\n(c) Had you been in Pradeep's place, what would have been the course of action chosen by you? Recognise the merits and demerits, if any.","20",""]]},{"i":447,"t":"Ketan Shukla","c":"Nextias","p":"GS2","y":2024,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/4/ketan-shukla-gs-mac-2024-1745406701576.pdf","q":[[4,"1 (a) Besides being public servants, they are also citizens and have personal lives. At times, there is an inherent tension among the roles. How can a public servant effectively navigate the intrinsic tension between personal interests and official duties and between private inclinations and public obligations? Explain","10","150"],[6,"(b) \"Ideas are the cornerstone of a strong public service framework globally.\" In the context of this statement, discuss the ideas of a philosopher whose ideas you believe are most pertinent to the civil services in India.","10","150"],[8,"2. (a) \"The challenge of power lies in its responsible application rather than its irresponsible and indulgent use — specifically, how to motivate those in power to serve the public rather than exploit it.\" Analyse the relationship between power and public service. Do you believe that the concept of power conflicts with the ideal of service, or do they complement each other? Substantiate your viewpoint.","10","150"],[10,"(b) Human values emphasise the humane aspects of public servants, whereas public service values focus on the transparency and effectiveness of service delivery. Do you think these value systems conflict with or complement each other? Justify your perspective with relevant examples.","10","150"],[12,"3. (a) \"When good individuals in any society become complacent and cease their vigilance and struggle, malevolent forces prevail.\" Discuss the role and significance of civil society in curbing corruption and official misconduct.","10","150"],[14,"(b) Do you agree with feminist ethicists that women are \"more emotional\" and prioritise relationships over rules, reflecting different yet equally valuable ethical perspectives? Justify your viewpoints with suitable examples.","10","150"],[16,"4 (a) Ideally, ethics and law should be harmonious in the context of administration, yet conflicts between them can arise. How should an administrator handle conflicts between legal directives and ethical considerations, particularly when directives are illegal and laws are unjust? Discuss","10","150"],[18,"(b) Critically evaluate the role of family and educational institutions in shaping ethical values among civil servants.","10","150"],[20,"5. (a) How can civil servants cultivate a positive attitude towards the weaker sections of society? Suggest some implementable and practical steps.","10","Answer in 150"],[22,"(b) Business ethicists believe that external and internal regulations are insufficient for curtailing or preventing corporate malpractices; they strongly advocate the presence of whistleblowing mechanisms as a check against corporate misgovernance. Do you think corporate governance is incomplete without whistleblowing (Why/Why not)? Explain (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[24,"6. Discuss the relevance of the following quotes to the present times.\n(a) \"Moral actions belong to the jurisdiction of the outward and inward court, both civil and domestic governor; I mean both the magistrate and conscience.\" Locke (Answer in 150 words) 10 Marks","10","150"],[26,"(b) \"Good people do not need laws to tell them to act responsibly, while bad people will find a way around the laws.\" Plato (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[28,"(c) \"A sense of duty is useful in work, but offensive in personal relations.\" Russell (Answer in 150 words) 10 Marks","10","150"],[30,"7 In a tragic incident that profoundly impacted the community, a public transport bus operated by the city's transportation department plummeted into a ravine due to brake failure. This catastrophic event resulted in the fatalities of several passengers and the driver. As the Head of Safety, the responsibility to investigate and address the underlying causes of this accident is incumbent upon you.\n\nThe accident occurred on a steep mountainous route, a critical and challenging area for bus operations. Initial investigations revealed two primary causes:\n1. The driver was found to be under the influence of alcohol.\n2. The maintenance team had not adequately serviced the bus's braking system.\n\nThese findings highlighted severe lapses in both the human and mechanical aspects of the transport system.\n\nUpon concluding the inquiry, you realized the complexity of the situation. There were numerous uncertainties and ambiguities, preventing a straightforward assignment of responsibility or a definitive conclusion. The accident might have been averted if the maintenance team had performed their duties diligently. Similarly, if the bus driver had not been intoxicated, he might have been able to prevent the bus from falling into the ravine.\n(a) Identify the ethical issues and dilemmas involved in the above case.\n(b) What options are available to you in the above case?\n(c) Do you think focusing on the personal responsibility of the intoxicated driver is more ethical or the systemic issues of maintenance failures? Justify your answer with relevant ethical principles.","20 अंक","250"],[31,"This situation required extensive introspection before finalizing the report.\n(a) Identify the ethical issues and dilemmas in the above case.\n(b) What are the options available to you in the above case?\n(c) What do you think is more ethical to focus on the personal responsibility of the driver, who was intoxicated, or on the broader systemic issue of maintenance failures? Justify your answer with relevant ethical theories.\na) Identify the ethical issues and dilemmas in the above case.\nb) What are the options available to you in the above case?\nc) What do you think is more ethical to focus on the personal responsibility of the driver, who was intoxicated, or on the broader systemic issue of maintenance failures? Justify your answer with relevant ethical theories.","20","Answer in 250"],[35,"8 As an officer in the Right to Information (RTI) division of the Defence Ministry, your primary responsibility is to respond to RTI queries by furnishing relevant details. Most of these RTI applications pertain to tender information and procurement contracts. However, occasionally, applications concerning sensitive matters arise, requiring you to seek legal advice and obtain approval from your senior before responding. Recently, an RTI application was received that involved sensitive departmental initiatives. Following protocol, you sought legal advice, and the legal officer cleared the response. However, your senior did not approve the reply and instructed you to be opaque in your response. Respecting the chain of command, you adhered to the senior's directive and provided a vague and non-informative reply. Undeterred by the initial response, the applicant resubmitted the application, demonstrating persistence. Once again, you followed the senior's instructions and kept the response deliberately vague. This cycle continued, with the applicant becoming increasingly relentless. One day, the entire email trail related to this RTI case got leaked and found its way to the media. It was revealed that the persistent applicant was an RTI activist, dedicated to ensuring transparency and accountability within government departments. The media coverage brought significant public attention and scrutiny to the Defence Ministry's handling of RTI requests, particularly those concerning sensitive information. In the aftermath of the media exposure, your senior officer instructed you to take responsibility for the opaque responses. You were left questioning your actions and decisions, pondering where you might have gone wrong.\n(a) उपयुक्त मामले में निहित नैतिक मुद्दों और दुविधाओं की पहचान कीजिए।\n(b) उपयुक्त मामले में आपके पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\n(c) आरटीआई कार्यकर्ता की दृढ़ प्रकृति और जनता के सूचना के अधिकार को ध्यान में रखते हुए, आपको राष्ट्रीय सुरक्षा चिंताओं और पारदर्शिता और जवाबदेही के सिद्धांतों के बीच तनाव को कैसे दूर करना चाहिए? स्पष्ट कीजिए।","20 अंक","250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए"],[36,"(a) What are the ethical issues and dilemmas in the above case?\n(b) What are the options available to you in the above case?\n(c) Considering the persistent nature of the RTI activist and the public's right to information, how should you navigate the tension between national security concerns and the principles of transparency and accountability? Explain","20","Answer in 250"],[40,"9 (a) उपयुक्त मामले में निहित नैतिक मुद्दों और दुविधाओं की पहचान कीजिए।\n(b) उपयुक्त मामले में आपके पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\n(c) एनजीओ कर्मचारियों से प्राप्त फीडबैक पर विचार करते हुए कि गांव के पुरुष खुद को उपेक्षित महसूस कर रहे हैं और महिलाओं को प्रशिक्षण सत्रों में भाग लेने से रोकने का प्रयास कर रहे हैं, आप कार्यक्रम में उनके समावेशन और समर्थन को सुनिश्चित करने के लिए क्या रणनीतियां लागू करेंगे? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए) 20 अंक\na) उपयुक्त मामले में निहित नैतिक मुद्दों और दुविधाओं की पहचान कीजिए।\nb) उपयुक्त मामले में आपके पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\nc) एनजीओ कर्मचारियों से प्राप्त फीडबैक पर विचार करते हुए कि गांव के पुरुष खुद को उपेक्षित महसूस कर रहे हैं और महिलाओं को प्रशिक्षण सत्रों में भाग लेने से रोकने का प्रयास कर रहे हैं, आप कार्यक्रम में उनके समावेशन और समर्थन को सुनिश्चित करने के लिए क्या रणनीतियां लागू करेंगे? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए) 20 अंक","20 अंक","250 शब्दों में"],[41,"(a) What the issues that you notice in the above case?\n(b) What are actionable options available to you?\n(c) Considering the feedback from the NGO staff about village men feeling left out and attempting to dissuade women from attending training sessions, what strategies would you implement to ensure their inclusion and support for the program? (Answer in 250 words) 20 marks","20","250"],[45,"10 (a) उपयुक्त मामले में निहित नैतिक मुद्दों और दुविधाओं की पहचान कीजिए।\n(b) उपयोगितावादी दृष्टिकोण को ध्यान में रखते हुए, क्या आपको लगता है कि श्री कुमार को झुग्गी-झोपड़ियों के निवासियों की बेहतरी के लिए परियोजना में तेजी लाने के श्री शर्मा के प्रस्ताव को स्वीकार कर लेना चाहिए था? क्यों अथवा क्यों नहीं?\n(c) गुण नीतिशास्त्र (virtue ethics) के संदर्भ में, श्री कुमार जैसे वरिष्ठ सिविल सेवक के लिए नैतिक चरित्र और सत्यनिष्ठा के महत्व पर चर्चा कीजिए। इस दुविधा को हल करने में इन गुणों को उनके कार्यों का मार्गदर्शन किस प्रकार से करना चाहिए? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए) [20 अंक]","20 अंक","250 शब्दों में"],[46,"(a) What are the ethical issues and dilemmas in the above case?\n(b) Considering the utilitarian perspective, do you think Mr. Kumar should have accepted Mr. Sharma's proposal to expedite the project for the greater good of the slum residents? Why or why not?\n(c) In the context of virtue ethics, discuss the importance of moral character and integrity for a senior civil servant like Mr. Kumar. How should these virtues guide his actions in resolving the dilemma?\na) What are the ethical issues and dilemmas in the above case?\nb) Considering the utilitarian perspective, do you think Mr. Kumar should have accepted Mr. Sharma's proposal to expedite the project for the greater good of the slum residents? Why or why not?\nc) In the context of virtue ethics, discuss the importance of moral character and integrity for a senior civil servant like Mr. Kumar. How should these virtues guide his actions in resolving the dilemma?","20","Answer in 250"],[50,"11 (a) उपयुक्त मामले में निहित नैतिक मुद्दों और दुविधाओं की पहचान कीजिए।\n(b) सुश्री राव के पास उपलब्ध विकल्प क्या हैं?\n(c) आप सुश्री राव के लिए किस प्रकार की कार्रवाई का सुझाव देंगे? क्यों?\n(d) क्या आपको लगता है कि देरी के लिए सुश्री राव को जवाबदेह ठहराना उचित था? क्यों/क्यों नहीं?\na उपयुक्त मामले में निहित नैतिक मुद्दों और दुविधाओं की पहचान कीजिए।\nb सुश्री राव के पास उपलब्ध विकल्प क्या हैं?\nc आप सुश्री राव के लिए किस प्रकार की कार्रवाई का सुझाव देंगे? क्यों?\nd क्या आपको लगता है कि देरी के लिए सुश्री राव को जवाबदेह ठहराना उचित था? क्यों/क्यों नहीं?","20 अंक","250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए"],[51,"In a critical meeting, the state Chief Secretary, Mr. Vikram Patel, emphasized the urgency of advancing the project and held Ms. Rao accountable for the delays, lack of progress, and overall non-performance. Ms. Rao left the meeting disappointed and felt holding her accountable for delay was unfair as there were others also involved in the project.\n(a) What are the ethical issues and dilemmas involved in the above case?\n(b) What are the options available to Ms. Rao?\n(c) What course of action would you suggest for Ms. Rao? Why?\n(d) Do you think holding Ms. Rao accountable for the delays was justified? Why/Why not?","20","Answer in 250"],[55,"12 (a) सुश्री शर्मा के सामने मौजूद मुद्दे और दुविधाएँ क्या हैं?  \n(b) अपने विभाग में उत्पीड़न और धमकाने की शिकायतों को संबोधित करने में सुश्री शर्मा को किन नैतिक सिद्धांतों द्वारा मार्गदर्शित होना चाहिए?  \n(c) सरकारी विभागों में उत्पीड़न और धमकाने को रोकने के लिए कौन-सी दीर्घकालिक रणनीतियाँ लागू की जानी चाहिए? ये रणनीतियाँ सम्मान और समाविष्टता की संस्कृति को कैसे बढ़ावा दे सकती हैं?","20 अंक","250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए"],[56,"(a) What are the issues and dilemmas that confront Ms. Sharma?\n(b) What ethical principles should guide Ms. Sharma in addressing the harassment and bullying complaints in her department?\n(c) What long-term strategies should be implemented to prevent harassment and bullying in government departments? How can these strategies promote a culture of respect and inclusivity? (Answer in 250 words) 20 marks\na) What are the issues and dilemmas that confront Ms. Sharma?\nb) What ethical principles should guide Ms. Sharma in addressing the harassment and bullying complaints in her department?\nc) What long-term strategies should be implemented to prevent harassment and bullying in government departments? How can these strategies promote a culture of respect and inclusivity?","20","250"]]},{"i":448,"t":"Khushhali Solanki","c":"Nextias","p":"GS3","y":null,"r":61,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/93393beb2b7e996905ce7ea7f8b78443/36/air-61-khushhali-solanki_test-7_gs3.pdf","q":[[4,"1. Elaborate on the difference between Capital Account and Current Account as components of Balance of Payment (BOP). Suggest a few measures to balance the BOP deficit of India.","10","150"],[6,"2. The logistics sector is one of the important components of the growth of the manufacturing industry. Discuss. Also, mention various components of the recently announced National Logistics Policy 2022.","10","150"],[8,"3. What is India's stand on the New Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies under WTO? How is the Fisheries sector significant for India? Enumerate the steps taken by the Government to develop this sector.","10","150"],[10,"4. Analyze the systemic and institutional constraints that continue to hinder land reform efforts in India and propose pragmatic solutions to ensure equitable distribution of land.","10","150"],[12,"5. What are the unique features and capabilities of the BrahMos supersonic cruise missile, and how has it contributed to India's defence capabilities and strategic position in the region?","10","150"],[14,"6. In line with the country's efforts to explore the depths of the ocean and harness the resources it holds, the Indian government has proposed a deep-sea exploration mission Samudrayaan. How can this mission contribute to the advancement of ocean science and technology in the country?","10","150"],[16,"7. What is Global Methane Pledge? Do you think the Global Methane Pledge is a positive step toward mitigating methane emissions? Explain India's stance on this issue.","10","Answer in 150"],[18,"8. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of disaster management in public health. Discuss the key strategies and challenges for managing pandemics and other infectious disease outbreaks.","10","150"],[20,"9. \"The resource curse of Eastern and Central India has been a crucial driver of LWE\". Elaborate and suggest measures for sustainable and inclusive development of the region.","10","150"],[22,"10. In light of the declining trend of violence in the North East and J&K region do you think that AFSPA has lived its utility? Comment.","10","150"],[23,"AFSPA - lived it's utility?","",""],[24,"11. International trade is centred on the dominant currency paradigm (DCM). Critically Analyze the importance of Hard currency in International trade and Discuss the potential of rupee acceptance in global trade as an alternative to dollar imperialism.","15","Answer in 250"],[27,"A demographic Dividend does not ensure growth; it only generates potential. Discuss the steps made by the government to take advantage of the opportunities presented by the demographic transition.","15","Answer in 250"],[30,"13. 'Genome editing holds immense potential for crop improvement, but it also raises ethical and safety concerns'. How far do the new guidelines for the safety assessment of genome-edited plants in India ensure the safety of genetically modified crops?","15","Answer in 250"],[33,"4. Discuss the impact of direct and indirect farm subsidies on the agriculture sector in India. How have Minimum Support Prices (MSP) affected the agricultural economy?","15","Answer in 250"],[36,"15. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a rapidly escalating crisis that poses a grave threat to public health worldwide. What are the major contributing factors to the growing problem of antimicrobial resistance, and what steps can be taken to address this global health threat?","15","Answer in 250"],[39,"16. What do you understand by Disruptive innovations? What are some examples of disruptive innovation in recent times, and how have they changed the way industries operate?","15","250"],[42,"17. Trace the evolution of the Loss and Damage fund. What are the major development related to loss and damage funds in COP 27?, What are the commitments made by India in this conference?","15","Answer in 250"],[45,"Disaster management is not just about responding to emergencies but also about building resilient communities. Discuss the key strategies that can be used to build community resilience and reduce the impact of disasters.","15","250"],[48,"19. The transformation of terrorism through the use of new and emerging technologies like metaverse and virtual assets is a matter of concern. How can we counter the Use of New and Emerging Technologies for Terrorist Purposes and Elucidate the importance of the \"Delhi declaration\" in this regard?","15","Answer in 250"],[51,"20. \"The Agnipath scheme is a bitter pill needed for the resilience and efficacy of our armed forces.\" Critically Analyze the statement with relevant arguments.","15","Answer in 250"]]},{"i":451,"t":"Kiran Kamate","c":"Vision","p":"Essay","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/77be7-1012764_3282_kiran_kamate_rank_53.pdf","q":[[33,"1 Philosophical underpinnings - Locke - S.C. Theories\n2 Why? It has approval of majority\n3 Why not? J.S. Mill's quote\n3A Challenge to first common carrier concept\n4 Balancing individual vs. community rights?","",""]]},{"i":453,"t":"Kiran Kamate","c":"Vision","p":"GS1","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/0de7c-1012764_4510_kiran_kamate_rank_53.pdf","q":[[6,"1. Folk music serves as a repository of the cultural identity. Discuss the role of folk music in preserving cultural heritage and promoting social cohesion.","10","150"],[8,"2. How does the Vesara style of temple architecture represent a synthesis of the Nagara and Dravida styles? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[10,"3. Discuss the role played by Indians living abroad in advancing the cause of India's freedom struggle. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[12,"4. How did the Marshall Plan influence the economic recovery and political stability of post-war Europe? (Answer in 150 words)","","150"],[14,"5. Discuss the factors responsible for increased cyclonic activity in the Arabian Sea. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"6. How can technological interventions help in transforming the textile sector in India? What are the initiatives that the government has taken in this regard? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[18,"7. What is a seiche and how does it form? Discuss the geographical conditions under which seiches are most likely to occur.","10","150"],[20,"8. How has rapid urbanisation affected the socio-cultural landscape of peri-urban regions in India?","10","150"],[22,"9. Examine the role of historical and socio-political factors in driving communalism in Indian politics. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[24,"10. Globalization has significantly influenced the aspirations, lifestyle, and value systems of Indian youth. Discuss with suitable examples. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[26,"11. Examine how Chandragupta-II's reign symbolised a golden age of cultural development, laying the foundation for future advancements in Indian art and literature.","15","250"],[29,"12. Evaluate the intended and unintended consequences of British educational policies for the Indian society in the colonial period.","15","250"],[32,"13. India's territorial disputes after independence were not merely about borders, but also encompass issues of national identity, historical grievances, and geopolitical strategies. Discuss. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[35,"14. Discuss the geographical conditions responsible for the development of shola forests in the upper reaches of the Western Ghats. Highlight their ecological significance.","15","Answer in 250"],[38,"15. Discuss the potential of natural hydrogen as a fuel to meet growing global energy demands? Why is it still an untapped industry?","15","250"],[41,"16. Why is there a shift of labour-intensive industries from China to South and Southeast Asia? Discuss the advantages and challenges for India in this context.","15","250"],[44,"17. Explain the socio-economic transformations resulting from women's migration to metropolitan areas in India. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[47,"18. The institution of marriage in India is increasingly becoming a site of conspicuous consumption and commodification. Critically examine the impact of this commercialisation on social equity and gender relations.","15","250"],[50,"19. Analyse how recognizing, reducing, and redistributing care work can foster gender equality and promote inclusive development in India. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[53,"20. Discuss the changing nature of family structures in urban India. How is it impacting elderly care and socialization of the youth? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"]]},{"i":449,"t":"Kiran Kamate","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2025,"r":53,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/KIRAN-KAMATE-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-53-Sample-MGP-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) Examine the scope and significance of the Supreme Court's advisory jurisdiction under Article 143 of the Constitution.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2 What is delimitation, and why is it important? What challenges are associated with the delimitation exercise in India?","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) How has asymmetric federalism helped India accommodate its diverse regional needs? Discuss with suitable examples.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) Explain how the terms 'socialist' and 'secular' in the Preamble embody specific meanings in the Indian context.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5 The role of State Finance Commissions in building regional equity and strengthening the federal link has largely been underutilized. Discuss.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6 How far do you think has the National Commission for Protection of Child Rights (NCPCR) been successful in protecting and promoting child rights in India?","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) Outline the salient features of New Education Policy (NEP) 2020 related to school education. What does it state about the medium of instruction in schools?","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) Throw light on the legal frameworks that are in place to ensure women's safety in India. What further steps are needed to enhance their safety and well-being?","10","150"],[19,"Q.9 \"A multipolar world order is not merely an option but a necessity\". Elaborate. How can India leverage its position to strengthen multipolarity in the global arena?","10","150"],[21,"Q.10) \"ASEAN is the cornerstone of India's Act East Policy and its Indo-Pacific vision.\" Elucidate.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11) Discuss the various administrative challenges faced by local self-governments (LSGs). What measures do you suggest for devolving administrative powers to LSGs, enabling them to function as institutions of genuine self-governance?","15","250"],[26,"Q.12) In light of recent developments, the Collegium system and the Supreme Court's decision to strike down the National Judicial Appointments Commission (NJAC) Act, 2014 have once again come under scrutiny. Do you think that a NJAC-like body can make judicial appointments more transparent, broad-based, and accountable? Justify your answer.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 Differentiate between the clemency powers of the Presidents of India and the USA. Also, critically examine the vesting of clemency power in the executive.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 What constitutes corrupt practices under the Representation of the People Act, 1951? Also, discuss the challenges in curbing such malpractices and suggest remedial measures.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 Discuss the role of the Vice-President as the Chairman of the Rajya Sabha. Also describe the procedure for his/her removal from office.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16 \"Universal Basic Income (UBI) is a viable solution to eradicate extreme poverty in India.\" Critically discuss the statement.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 What are the key determinants of malnutrition among under-five children in the country? Also, elaborate on the role of nutrition-specific and nutrition-sensitive interventions in addressing this issue.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 \"Data is the raw material of Artificial Intelligence.\" In this context, discuss the need for transparent and accountable data governance frameworks in India. What steps has the government taken in this regard?","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 Critically examine the role of International Monetary Fund (IMF) in addressing debt distress in the Global South. How can India use its post-G20 presidency momentum to push IMF reforms?","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 \"In a fluid geopolitical arena, engagement without formal endorsement is a pragmatic middle path.\" Do you agree? Explain in the context of India's current approach towards the Taliban regime in Afghanistan.","15","250"],[54,"When must you seek mentorship?","",""]]},{"i":454,"t":"Kiran Kamate","c":"Vision","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/cba58-1012764_4511_kiran_kamate_rank_53.pdf","q":[[6,"1. How does the Supreme Court's recent decision on Aligarh Muslim University's minority status affect the interpretation of Article 30 of the Indian Constitution? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[8,"2. The Supreme Court, in a recent verdict, prescribed a time period for the Governor's assent to state legislative bills. What are the implications of this judgment for cooperative federalism and legislative accountability in India? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[10,"3. Discuss the recent changes and initiatives related to cooperatives that aim to smoothen the tussle between the Centre and States in the cooperative sector.","10","150"],[12,"4. In recent years, use of social media and digital mobilisation by civil society has emerged as a powerful form of pressure politics. Examine its impact on policymaking and democratic accountability.","10","150"],[14,"5. How is Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) emerging as a business-led solution for addressing development challenges in India? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"6. Discuss how mechanisms like public consultations and Jan Sunwais in India impact governance outcomes.","10","150"],[18,"7. How effective have the National Action Plan for Drug Demand Reduction (NAPDDR) and Nasha Mukt Bharat Abhiyaan been in addressing substance abuse in India? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[20,"8. Rote learning and neglect of creativity in foundational education setup in India make it less ready for marketplaces that are now driven by Artificial Intelligence. Do you agree with this view? Substantiate your argument.","10","150"],[22,"9. Analyze the transformation of the G7 from a symbol of Western strategic unity to a forum marked by internal contradictions. How should India navigate this changing dynamic to advance its strategic interests? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[24,"10. Discuss the role of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in the development of developing countries. What are the key criticisms associated with its approach? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[26,"11. The 103rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 2019 has introduced a new dimension to the principle of affirmative action in India. Critically examine its implications for the broader goal of social justice.","15","250"],[29,"12. The District Planning Committee (DPC) was envisioned as a key instrument to strengthen grassroots-level planning. How far has it succeeded in achieving this goal? Discuss the challenges faced by DPCs and suggest measures to make them more effective.","15","250"],[32,"13. The restrictions imposed under Article 293 of the Constitution on State borrowing powers, though constitutionally valid, may hinder fiscal autonomy of States and disrupt cooperative federalism. Discuss in the light of recent developments.","15","250"],[35,"14. Examine the tension between the right to contest elections and the need to uphold electoral ethics under the Representation of the People Act. Should there be a lifetime ban on convicted criminals? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[38,"15. To what extent has the Beti Bachao Beti Padhao (BBBP) scheme, launched in 2015, succeeded in addressing the declining child sex ratio and empowering the girl child? Suggest measures to enhance its impact at the grassroots level.","15","Answer in 250"],[41,"16. Self-Help Groups (SHGs) are emerging as vehicles of socio-economic transformation in rural India. Examine the role of government in scaling their reach and effectiveness.","15","250"],[44,"17. Despite economic growth, multidimensional poverty continues to persist in India. Analyse the underlying causes and discuss the measures taken by the government to address them. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[47,"18. India faces a paradox of food surplus and nutritional deficit. Analyse the structural reasons behind this paradox and suggest reform strategies.","15","Answer in 250"],[50,"19. India's timely response during the economic crises in Sri Lanka and the Maldives reflects its \"Neighbourhood First\" policy in action. Examine how Indian aid has impacted bilateral ties with these nations. What steps can further be taken to promote sustainable economic cooperation in the Indian Ocean region?","15","250"],[53,"20. Discuss the geostrategic significance of Afghanistan for India in the context of continental connectivity and access to Central Asia. How has the altered political landscape post-2021 affected India's connectivity and energy corridor ambitions? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"]]},{"i":450,"t":"Kiran Kamate","c":"Forumias","p":"GS3","y":2025,"r":53,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/KIRAN-KAMATE-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-53-Sample-MGP-Copy-2.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) What is a 'Census'? Discuss the importance of Census for the economy and policy making.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Assess the role of NITI Aayog over the past decade in transforming the country's approach to planning and development.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) Discuss various measures taken by the Government to strengthen the Cooperative movement and ensure \"Sahakar Se Samriddhi\".","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) India remains significantly dependent on imports to meet its pulses demand. Examine the key challenges in achieving self-reliance in pulses. Also, mention the major government initiatives taken in this regard.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) What is a 'Black box'? Explain its significance in flight safety and airplane crash investigations.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) How does NISAR mission exemplify international cooperation in space exploration and scientific research? In what ways will it help in climate change monitoring and natural hazard management?","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) While oceans are considered among mankind's best allies in the fight against climate change, they are themselves heavily impacted by the same. Discuss.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8 “Disasters cannot be managed by a single agency, department, or ministry on its own. It requires a whole-of-government and whole-of-society approach.” Elucidate.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9) The convergence of organized crime and terrorism presents a formidable challenge to the country's internal security. Analyse.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10 In an era of complex security challenges, examine the ways in which the private sector can contribute to strengthening India's internal security.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11 Recently, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) announced a transfer of surplus to the Union Government for the financial year 2024-25. What does 'surplus' mean in this context? How does the RBI generate it, and what is its significance for the country's fiscal policy?","15","250"],[24,"How does RBI generate it?","",""],[26,"Q.12 Examine the role of Public-Private Partnership (PPP) model in the development of ports in India.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 \"Legalizing the Minimum Support Price (MSP) would create more challenges than it resolves.\" Comment.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14) Why does India's agricultural export performance remain weak despite high production levels? What measures would you suggest to improve agri-export competitiveness?","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 How the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) can help India in its socio-economic development? Identify the hurdles in its large-scale adoption and suggest corrective measures.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16) What is a Geographical Indication (GI)? What are the legal frameworks governing it? How does it differ from a trademark? How can GI infringement be tackled?","15","250"],[39,"How is it different from Trademark","",""],[41,"Q.17 \"Mangroves contribute significantly to the coastal economy and ecology, but they are threatened by numerous factors\". Elaborate. Also, state the measures taken by the government for mangrove conservation and restoration.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 What is oil pollution? What are its impacts on the marine ecosystem? In what way is oil pollution particularly harmful for a country like India?","15","250"],[47,"Q.19) Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have become an integral aspect of modern conflict and warfare, employed by both state and non-state actors. Discuss its implications for India's security architecture and state the measures being taken to address them. Also suggest other steps to tackle the threats emanating from UAVs.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 Maritime security challenges are complex, driven by both conventional and non-conventional threats. In this context, discuss the key maritime security challenges in India. Also, highlight the measures taken by the government in this regard.","15","250"]]},{"i":455,"t":"Kiran Kamate","c":"Visionias","p":"GS3","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/17262-1012764_4512_kiran_kamate_rank_53.pdf","q":[[6,"1. Analyse the factors that have contributed to India's inclusive economic growth in the past decade.","10","150"],[8,"2. The Reserve Bank of India’s surplus transfers offer the government much-needed fiscal space, yet they are not without challenges. Critically examine the implications of the RBI's surplus transfers to the government.","10","150"],[10,"3. To what extent was the first National Monetization Pipeline (NMP) able to meet its objectives? What are the objectives of the new Asset Monetization Plan 2025-30 as announced in the recent 2025 Budget? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[12,"4. Examine the major challenges hindering the Indian textile industry from achieving its full potential in the global value chain. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[14,"5. Why has India become increasingly import-dependent for edible oils despite being a major agricultural economy? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"6. Air accidents are low-frequency but high-impact events. Examine the disaster management protocols in place for aviation-related emergencies in India. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[18,"7. Chemical pollution poses a grave threat to human health and the environment in India. Discuss the key sources contributing to pervasive chemical contamination and evaluate the effectiveness of existing environmental laws in curbing this problem.","10","Answer in 150"],[20,"8. Missile defence systems are becoming critical for national security in the face of evolving regional threats and advanced weapon technologies. Explain the working principle of missile defence systems. Critically assess India's progress in developing indigenous missile defence capabilities.","10","150"],[22,"9. Despite multiple resolutions and initiatives undertaken by the United Nations Security Council (UNSC), its efforts to counter terrorism have achieved limited success. Discuss the reasons for this limited effectiveness.","10","150"],[24,"10. India practices a ‘multi-alignment’ approach in its cyber diplomacy. How does this posture strengthen India’s internal security while maintaining strategic autonomy? (Answer in 150 words)","","150"],[26,"11. While examining the shortcomings of the land reforms in the past, elaborate what land reforms 2.0 should look like. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[29,"12. As NITI Aayog completes 10 years of its establishment, critically examine its role in the planning and development paradigm of governance in India. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[32,"13. What are the primary causes of limited formal credit penetration among the rural and unbanked populations in India? Comment on the effectiveness of Small Finance Banks in addressing this gap and advancing inclusive financial growth.","","250"],[35,"14. To what extent has the Production Linked Incentive Scheme for the food processing industry facilitated value addition, employment generation, and global competitiveness in India's food processing industry? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[38,"15. Waste circularity is emerging as a sustainable solution to India's mounting solid waste crisis. Discuss the key principles of waste circularity and the government's initiative in this regard. How effective have these measures been in fostering a circular economy? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[41,"16. Discuss the importance of integrating traditional ecological knowledge of India's tribal communities with modern disaster management frameworks. Mention two examples where indigenous practices have contributed to disaster resilience.","15","250"],[44,"17. CRISPR technology has rapidly advanced in recent years, with new tools and clinical breakthroughs. Highlight the recent developments in CRISPR-based gene editing technology applications. Discuss the opportunities and ethical challenges these advancements present for healthcare and society.","15","250"],[47,"18. A credible semiconductor ecosystem is pivotal for India's economic security as much as for national security. Analyse the strategic objectives, incentives, and institutional architecture of the India Semiconductor Mission (ISM). Identify the major risks that could derail its timelines.","15","Answer in 250"],[50,"19. Intricate inter-play of diverse factors has been the force multipliers for extremism in the North East. Discuss. Suggest a multilayered strategy to tackle the menace of extremism in this region.","15","250"],[53,"20. Despite recent steps towards inducting women into combat roles, their participation remains low. Examine the key challenges impeding the greater inclusion of women in the Indian armed forces. Also, suggest suitable measures to enhance their participation.","15","250"]]},{"i":452,"t":"Kiran Kamate","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/d7c8d-1012764_4513_kiran_kamate_rank_53.pdf","q":[[6,"1. (a) Compassion is the courageous choice to feel another's suffering as one's own, and to act upon it, even when silence is safer and indifference is easier. Examine the significance of compassion as an essential ethical value for civil servants in India. Illustrate your answer with suitable examples.","10","150"],[8,"1. (b) Marriages in India are transitioning from traditional sacramental unions to more autonomous relationships, reflected in live-in relationships and rising divorce rates. Discuss the ethical dimensions of these changes.","10","150"],[10,"2. (a) While accountability often necessitates documentation, an overemphasis on bureaucratic procedures and excessive paperwork can inadvertently silence the very voices that public policy intends to empower, particularly at the grassroots. Examine the above statement with suitable illustrations.","10","150"],[12,"2. (b) The principle of impartiality may conflict with the need for compassion towards marginalized communities. Discuss in the context of civil services in India.","10","150"],[14,"3 (a) What do each of the following quotations mean to you?\n(a) \"The strength of a nation derives from the integrity of the home.\" - Confucius (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"3. (b) \"Act only according to that maxim through which you can at the same time will that it become a universal law.\" - Immanuel Kant (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[18,"3. (c) \"We are not only responsible for what we do, but also for what we fail to do\" - Molière. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[20,"4. (a) Patriotism encourages ethical questioning, while nationalism often suppresses it. Discuss this statement in light of the formation of political attitudes during high-pressure national events. How can individuals develop moral attitudes that balance national interest with ethical reasoning?","10","150"],[22,"4. (b) Discuss how employee well-being and fairness can be balanced with efficiency and profitability in private organisations. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[24,"5. (a) Do you agree that excessive use of social media and emerging AI technologies may lead to a decline in emotional regulation and moral sensitivity among adolescents? Justify your answer.","10","150"],[26,"5. (b) In light of the increasing incidents of suicides among students in India, discuss how Emotional Intelligence (EI) can aid in managing stress and emotional challenges.","10","150"],[28,"6. (a) In public service, emotional intelligence is not about suppressing emotion, but mastering its purpose — to connect, to de-escalate, and to uplift others with empathy and strength. Do you agree with this view? Discuss.","10","150"],[30,"6. (b) An efficient work culture is built not only on rules, but on shared values. In this context, evaluate the role of leadership and team dynamics in transforming work culture within an organization.","10","150"],[32,"7 You are posted as the Joint Secretary in the Department of Information Technology of a state. The government recently implemented several citizen-centric digital services, collecting large volumes of personal data from residents. The Digital Personal Data Protection (DPDP) Act, 2023, requires that such data be processed only with explicit and informed consent, and mandates that processing must cease immediately upon withdrawal of consent.\n\nDuring an internal audit, you discover that the department continues to process and analyze personal data of several citizens even after they have formally withdrawn their consent. This data is being used for policy analytics and service improvement, purposes not explicitly disclosed at the time of data collection. When you bring this to the attention of your department head, you are informed that halting the processing will disrupt ongoing digital initiatives and may affect state-level performance metrics. Moreover, you find that the consent withdrawal process is cumbersome, and many citizens are unaware of their rights under the DPDP Act.\n\nYou also learn that a prominent social activist is planning to file a complaint with the Data Protection Board against involuntary use of personal data, which could attract public scrutiny and legal action against the department.\n(a) Identify and discuss the ethical issues involved in this case.\n(b) What are the potential consequences for the department if the issue is not addressed transparently?\n(c) How would you balance the need for efficient public service delivery with the obligation to protect citizens’ data rights? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[37,"8 You are an IAS officer, currently serving as the Secretary of the Public Works Department in a hill state. Recently, a disturbing incident has come to light involving a senior Cabinet Minister and two engineers of the National Highways Authority of India (NHAI). During an inspection of a critical highway project, the Minister was allegedly seen on video physically assaulting and verbally abusing the engineers in full public view. The video, recorded by bystanders, went viral on social media and was widely covered by television channels, sparking both outrage and support from different sections of society. The Minister later defended his actions, alleging that the officials were corrupt, unresponsive to local grievances, and responsible for inordinate delays in the project. He insisted that his actions were driven by public frustration and the urgency of delivering infrastructure to a remote region.\n\nHowever, the engineers have filed a police complaint and written to their superiors, claiming they were targeted for resisting political pressure to award contracts to specific local contractors linked to the Minister. As the situation escalated, a union of NHAI engineers declared a strike.\n(a) इस प्रकरण में शामिल प्रमुख नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं? हितधारकों और उनके परस्पर विरोधी हितों की पहचान कीजिए।\n(b) लोक निर्माण विभाग के सचिव के रूप में, आप उपयुक्त स्थिति में क्या कार्रवाई करेंगे?\n(c) ऐसी घटनाएं सिविल सेवकों के मनोबल और शासन में जनता के विश्वास को कैसे प्रभावित करती हैं? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250"],[38,"(a) What are the key ethical issues involved in this situation? Identify the stakeholders and their conflicting interests.\n(b) As the Secretary of the PWD, what actions will you take in above situation?\n(c) How do such incidents affect the morale of civil servants and public trust in governance? (Answer in 250 words)\na) What are the key ethical issues involved in this situation? Identify the stakeholders and their conflicting interests.\nb) As the Secretary of the PWD, what actions will you take in above situation?\nc) How do such incidents affect the morale of civil servants and public trust in governance?","","250"],[42,"9 You are the Secretary in the Department of Personnel and Training (DoPT), Government of India. In recent years, an increasing number of civil servants, particularly younger officers from the IAS, IPS, and IRS, have begun maintaining personal YouTube channels and social media pages. On these platforms, they regularly post videos related to their official work — showcasing innovative projects, public outreach initiatives, inspection drives, and sometimes even day-to-day administrative duties.\n\nThese videos often receive widespread public attention, and many viewers express admiration, saying such content enhances transparency, motivates aspirants, and humanizes the bureaucracy. However, concerns have also emerged from various quarters. Senior officers argue that such content may blur the boundaries between personal branding and public service, while some citizens and media commentators point to instances where videos feature vulnerable beneficiaries without consent, raise concerns about misuse of official premises, or seem designed more for personal popularity than public accountability.\n\nYou have been asked to prepare a report for the government to maintain a balance between public interest, institutional integrity, and evolving modes of communication, including disciplinary measures.\n(a) Identify the ethical issues involved in civil servants publicly displaying their official work on social media platforms.\n(b) Do such efforts promote awareness and motivation, or do they compromise anonymity, neutrality, and the spirit of public service? Give your opinion.\n(c) As Secretary, what guiding principles and policy measures would you suggest to ensure digital participation of civil servants with accountability? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[43,"You have been asked to prepare a report with recommendations to balance public interest, institutional integrity, and evolving modes of communication.\n(a) Identify the ethical issues involved in civil servants publicly showcasing their official work on social media.\n(b) Do such practices promote awareness and motivation, or do they compromise the values of anonymity, neutrality, and collective service ethos? Give your opinion.\n(c) As the Secretary, what guiding principles and policy recommendations would you suggest to ensure responsible digital engagement by civil servants? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[47,"10 You are the Director of the National Bioethics Commission who is responsible for assessing the ethical feasibility and oversight of a nationwide gene sequencing program. The project named GeneFuture, aims to sequence the DNA of every newborn child and store it in a centralized national database. The objective is to identify genetic predispositions to serious diseases early in life, allowing for preventive treatment and personalized medicine. Over 100,000 babies have already been enrolled in the pilot phase of the program. The government claims that this move is a landmark step in public health advancement.\n\nHowever, collection of newborn genetic data raises significant ethical concerns, particularly around informed consent, which may not fully capture parents' understanding of the long-term risks involved. Once gathered, this sensitive data could be misused for purposes such as surveillance; insurance discrimination, or commercial marketing by third parties. Uncertainty over data ownership—whether it lies with the state, parents, or the individual as they mature—further complicates the issue. The involvement of private tech and pharmaceutical companies heightens fears of commercial exploitation, especially in the absence of clear mechanisms for individuals to withdraw consent or delete their genetic information upon reaching adulthood.\n(a) What are the ethical issues you perceive in the implementation of the GeneFuture program?\n(b) Identify the conflicting interests of different stakeholders in this case.\n(c) What guiding ethical principles would you recommend for implementation of this project? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[52,"11 You are a dedicated District Health Officer (DHO) with a strong commitment to evidence-based public health practices, recently assigned to a remote district in India. Your immediate and most critical task is to lead a crucial district-wide Measles-Rubella (MR) vaccination drive, aimed at achieving 100% immunization coverage among children aged 9 months to 15 years. The success of this drive is vital for the collective health of thousands of children and for the district's overall health indicators, especially with the impending monsoon season posing additional health challenges.\n\nHowever, in one of the largest and most traditional villages in your district, you encounter formidable resistance. The villagers, deeply influenced by the pronouncements of a revered local\n(a) उपयुक्त प्रकरण में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\n(b) इस विरोध को शांत करने के लिए आपके पास तत्काल क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\n(c) अंधविश्वास के व्यापक प्रभाव को दूर करने और संधारणीय लोक स्वास्थ्य परिणामों हेतु वैज्ञानिक सोच को बढ़ावा देने के लिए आप कौन-सी दीर्घकालिक रणनीतियाँ और प्रणालीगत सुधारों का सुझाव देंगे? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250"],[53,"(a) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the above case.\n(b) What are the immediate options available to you to overcome this resistance?\n(c) What long-term strategies and systemic reforms would you suggest to address the pervasive influence of superstition and foster a scientific temperament for sustainable public health outcomes? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[57,"12 You are a highly motivated and principle-driven Gram Panchayat Secretary, recently posted in a large and socio-economically diverse village in a remote district. Your immediate and most critical task is the meticulous verification of beneficiaries for the 'Gramin Awas Yojana' – a flagship state housing scheme aimed at providing 'pucca' (brick) houses to the genuinely impoverished and landless households. The scheme is under tight deadlines, with funds\n(a) What are the possible administrative and ethical difficulties you face?\n(b) Discuss all the options available to you.\n(c) Which broad course of action will you take while justifying your ethical propriety? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[58,"(a) What are the potential administrative and ethical dilemmas you face?\n(b) Discuss all options available to you.\n(c) What comprehensive course of action would you choose to adopt, providing ethical justification for your decision? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"]]},{"i":456,"t":"Komal Punia","c":"Forumias","p":"GS1","y":2024,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Komal-Punia-UPSC-2024-Rank-6-MGP-Sample-Copy-2.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) In many ways, the Spanish civil war was the opening act of WWII. Comment.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) How will you explain the different fates of Buddhism and Jainism despite a slew of similarities in the two religions?","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) Non-Cooperation Movement democratized India's freedom struggle but suffered from inherent limitations. Discuss.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) Critically analyse the efficacy of linguistic reorganization of states in addressing the reasons for linguistic divides in post-independent India.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) Briefly discuss the role of plate tectonics theory in explaining the location of volcanoes. Also, explain the multifarious impacts of volcanoes on the surrounding regions.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) Taking further the success of Aspirational Districts Programme, Aspirational Blocks can help achieve the twin objectives of balanced growth and checking stress migration. Comment.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7 Describe the critical factors for location of defense industries and suggest measures to overcome the challenges.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) To what extent can Socio-Economic-Caste Census (SECC) address the challenges in achieving equitable resource allocation and targeted welfare?","10","150"],[19,"Q.9) Indian society is premised on some common values that give it a composite texture as well as some diverse practices that deepen its heterogeneity. Elucidate.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10 What are the factors that influence population growth in the country? In this perspective, examine the relevance and need of raising the minimum marriageable age of women for population development.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11 Bring out the reasons behind the tribal unrest in British India. Also, analyze the reasons for their limited success.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12 The independence of India was not a result of a forced expulsion of the Empire, as desired by the Quit India Movement; it was rather a confluence of domestic politics and global circumstances. Analyze.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 Explain why Sufism, a liberal reform movement in Islam could deepen its roots in the Indian sub-continent, despite Islam being a foreign religion? Also, bring out the impacts of Sufism on Indian society.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 Enumerate the reasons behind rising intensity and frequency of cyclones in the Arabian Sea in recent years. Giving special reference to NDMA guidelines, recommend measures to check the adverse impacts of cyclones.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 Examine the impacts of climate change on the hydrological cycle and suggest suitable mitigation and adaptation strategies to contain the harmful implications.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16) Defining continental shelf, highlight its resource potential and ecological significance.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 Rooted in patriarchal values, gender-based violence, in all its manifestations, is antithetical to societal growth. Explain.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18) The caste calculus in the Indian society remains predominant and continues to project its shadow on social, political, and economic domains. Do you agree? Substantiate your answer.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 Discuss various factors contributing to the water woes faced by Indian cities. Also, explain complexities in implementing a comprehensive water management plan.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 Though important elements of group identity, religion and region also run the risk of deepening communal cleavages. Comment.","15","250"]]},{"i":457,"t":"Komal Punia","c":"Nextias","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/4/gs-mac-test-4-1745406887120.pdf","q":[[4,"Q.1 A. \"It is wrong to assume that ethical decisions are, can or should be purely rational and principled. Human feelings are an inseparable part of our ethical life.\" In what way do feelings impact our ethical decisions? Illustrate with examples.\nB What do you understand by ethics management? Can public officials manage ethics in the work place in a manner similar to managing budgets, policies and people? Do you think adopting codes of ethics and conduct is sufficient enough for managing ethics in the workplace or something more is needed? Discuss.","10","150"],[8,"Q.2 A. While traditional ethics has focussed on notions of justice, fair allocation and obligations, ethics of care emphasise maintaining connectedness and promoting care. Which of the above two ethical perspectives is more suitable for guiding ethical decision making in the context of public services. Explain your position with suitable examples. (150 words, 10 marks)\n\nB. What does the term \"quality\" mean in service delivery. What are the components of service quality and indicate ways and means for ensuring total quality in terms of efficiency, economy and effectiveness? (150 words, 10 marks)","10","150"],[11,"Q.3 A. In the context of public service, what does public service attitude mean? Discuss the attitude biases that affects a public servants on field decision making? Explain how a public servant can overcome such attitude biases? (150 words, 10 marks)\n\nB. \"I am a Moslem; I am a Hindu; I am a Christian; I am a Jew.\" Mahatma Gandhi. What did Mahatma Gandhi mean by the above statement? Some philosophers have argued that religion is harmful to the moral life, whereas others have claimed that it is necessary to it. Explain your position on the relationship between religion and morality. (150 words, 10 marks)","10","150"],[15,"Q.4 A. \"There is only one responsibility of business, namely to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase profits.\" Do you think corporations, by indulging in social responsibilities, are compromising their core resource utilisation and production responsibility by diverting resources into unproductive social endeavours? (150 words, 10 marks)\nB Do you think values such as \"tyaga,\" (renunciation) \"seva,\" (service) \"daanam,\" (Charity) \"damah,\" (self-control) that are espoused in traditional Indian Wisdom have relevance for modern day public servants? Why? Why not? (150 words, 10 marks)","10","150"],[19,"Q.5 A. Explain the difference between conflict among interests and conflict among various sources of authority. Illustrate with relevant examples. (150 words, 10 marks)\n\nB. The domain of governance is ridden with uncertainties, ambiguities and paradoxes and this can at times lead to timidity and withdrawal among public administrators. Discuss the relevance of inner courage for overcoming and coping with ambiguities. (150 words, 10 marks)","10","150"],[23,"Q.6 Given below are three quotations of philosophers. What do each of the quotations convey to you in the present context?\nA \"To feel for others, and little for ourselves; to restrain our selfish, and exercise our benevolent affections, constitutes the perfection of human nature.\" Adam Smith (150 words, 10 marks)\nB \"Virtue lies in our power, and so does vice; because where it is in our power to act, it is also in our power not to act.\" Aristotle (150 words, 10 marks)\nC \"I know that I am intelligent, because I know that I know nothing.\" Socrates (150 words, 10 marks)","10","150"],[25,"6B. Aristotle quote highlight the significance of self-control in face of utilisation of power.","",""],[29,"Case Study 1 You are the Compliance Officer at GreenTech Industries, a company that manufactures eco-friendly products and believes in making positive environmental impacts. Your primary responsibility is to ensure that the company adheres to environmental laws and ethical standards. The Company recently developed a new product that promises significant ecological benefits but involves a manufacturing process that produces hazardous waste.\n\nDuring an internal audit, you discover that the hazardous waste from the new product's manufacturing process is being disposed of in a manner that technically meets legal standards but raises serious ethical concerns. While compliant with current laws, the disposal method poses potential risks to a local community's health and the environment in the long term.\n\nLegally, GreenTech Industries is not violating any regulations. The waste disposal method is within the permissible limits set by environmental laws. However, ethically, you are aware that continued use of this method could significantly harm the local community and ecosystem.\n\nYou were left wondering, on the one hand, the Company was legally correct, but on the other, it was hypocritical about its avowed values of positively impacting the environment. As a conscientious professional, you are serious about taking action, but the challenge is its whats and hows.\n1 What are the ethical issues and dilemmas that confronts you in the above case?\n2 Discuss the available options along with its merits and demerits.\n3 What will be your chosen course of action? Why","20","250"],[34,"Case Study 2 You are the District Collector of a rural district where traditional social customs and religious practices strongly influence daily life. Recently, a case has emerged involving a local temple and its long-standing tradition of excluding women from certain religious rituals and spaces.\n\nA group of educated young women from the village, inspired by the increasing national dialogue on gender equality, has petitioned for the right to participate in these religious rituals. They argued that excluding women is discriminatory and violates their constitutional rights. However, the temple authorities and a significant portion of the local community vehemently oppose this change, citing religious texts and long-standing customs.\n\nAs the District Collector, you face a complex ethical dilemma. Legally, you are obliged to uphold the Indian Constitution, which guarantees equality and prohibits gender-based discrimination. However, enforcing this law could lead to significant unrest in the community, where traditional customs and religious beliefs are deeply entrenched. And you are aware that the district has a history of unrest on religious matters, and local politicians did not mind stoking the unrest for political gains.\n\nThe moral argument for gender equality clashes with the community's religious sentiments. The temple authorities believe that altering the rituals would desecrate their sacred traditions. Meanwhile, the women demanding entry see this as a moral and legal fight for their rights. You as a district collector was in a precarious dilemma, one on hand being a progressive officer you knew what is the right thing to do but on the other as an administrative professional you didn't want an unrest with religious tone at your hands.\n1. Who are the administrative and ethical issues involved in the above situation?\n2. What options do you have in the above situation?\n3. Discuss the merits and demerits of each option and explain the action taken by you with reasons.","20","250"],[35,"1. What are the administrative and ethical issues involved in the above situation?\n2. What are the options available to you in the above situation?\n3. Discuss the merits and demerits of each option and explain your chosen course of action along with reasons. (250 words, 20 marks)","20","250"],[39,"Case Study 3 1. What are the issues involved in the above case?\n2. Is it ethically justified to be devoted to duty at the cost of the personal safety of the staff? Discuss.\n3. How will you go about doing your election duties without compromising the safety of your staff? Explain.","20","250"],[44,"1. Do you think the above case involves a conflict of interest or there are more issues? Explain\n2. Keeping the above case in perspective, discuss the relevance of impartiality and non-partisanship as professional value.\n3. In hindsight, how do you think you could have avoided the above unpleasant situation.","20","250"],[49,"Case Study 5:\n1. Discuss the administrative and ethical issues involved in the above case.\n2. Do you think it was morally right on your part to write to the minister? Justify.\n3. How will you respond to the action initiated against you? Discuss the available options and justify your selected course of action.","20","250"],[54,"Case Study 6 You are an IAS officer recently appointed as the Deputy Secretary in the Ministry of Rural Development. Your responsibilities include overseeing the implementation of various rural development schemes and ensuring their efficient execution.\n\nDuring an audit of the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) funds, you discover substantial irregularities. It appears that a significant portion of the funds allocated for rural employment projects has been siphoned off by senior officials within the ministry through fraudulent invoices and fake beneficiary lists. The funds meant for the rural poor have been diverted to personal accounts.\n\nYou are faced with an ethical dilemma. Reporting this corruption could lead to severe repercussions for you as the implicated senior officials are politically influential and have strong connections. You have also received subtle threats implying that your career progression could be jeopardised if you proceed with the disclosure. On the other hand, ignoring the corruption would mean perpetuating a cycle of exploitation and depriving the rural poor of their rightful benefits.\n1 What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\n2 What are the options available to you?\n3 Identify and explain your chosen course of action after evaluating the merits and demerits of each option.","20","250"],[57,"3 Make audit report public by way of filing RTI by any NGO.","",""]]},{"i":458,"t":"Komal Puria","c":"Nextias","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/4/gs-mac-test-3-1745406770466.pdf","q":[[4,"1 Highlighting the factors contributing to high fiscal deficit in India, discuss the potential consequences of such deficit and suggest measures to ensure fiscal consolidation.","10","150"],[6,"2 India's aspiration to be a developed nation by 2047 hinges on significant capital investment. In light of this, discuss the potential of capital investment in achieving this vision. What are the challenges India faces in this regard?","10","150"],[8,"3. With growing urbanization, peri-urban agriculture is emerging as a significant contributor to fresh farm produce needs. In this context, discuss the opportunities and challenges associated with promoting peri-urban agriculture in a sustainable manner.","10","150"],[10,"4. What are the major challenges faced by India's agriculture sector to achieve self-sufficiency in pulses and vegetable oils? Suggest measures to address these challenges.","10","150"],[12,"5 Evaluate the potential of biomanufacturing and bio-foundry in driving India's future towards a sustainable green economy.","10","150"],[14,"6. What are the principles behind the working of Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV)? Explain the significance and potential benefits of use of RLVs in India's space commerce.","10","150"],[16,"Examine the key features of the Carbon Credit Trading Scheme (CCTS) 2023. Analyze its potential for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions in India.","10","150"],[18,"8. In light of the increased intensity, frequency and duration of heat waves in the last decade, do you think the time has come to include \"heat waves\" as a notified disaster under the Disaster Management Act, 2005?","10","150"],[20,"9. Recently formulated 'joint doctrine for cyberspace operations' by Indian armed forces will lead to strengthening of the cyber-security posture for both conventional operations as well as gray zone warfare. Examine.","10","150"],[22,"10 Discuss the necessity and potential issues surrounding the extension of the Border Security Force's (BSF) territorial jurisdiction in states adjacent to Pakistan and Bangladesh.","10","150"],[24,"11. India's economic growth story is often overshadowed by the persistent challenges of unemployment. Analyze the concept of structural unemployment and discuss its relevance in the context of India's current economic situation. Suggest policy measures to promote inclusive job growth.","15","250"],[27,"2 Discuss the role of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in fostering regional growth in India. How can MSMEs contribute to achieving industrial diversification and technological advancement?","15","250"],[30,"13. \"The sole point of MSP is to protect farmers from sudden price shock\". Do you think legalization of MSP can insure farmers from sudden price shocks? What are the other measures which can be taken to make MSP-led procurement effective?","15","250"],[33,"14 Discuss the role of the Food Corporation of India (FCI) in the Public Distribution System (PDS) to ensure food security in India. Suggest necessary reforms in the functioning of FCI to enhance its efficiency and effectiveness.","15","250"],[36,"15 Discuss the role of nanotechnology on enhancing agricultural productivity and food security in India. Highlight recent developments and potential benefits and risks of use of nano-fertilizers and nano-pesticides.","15","250"],[39,"16. The Nobel Prize in Physics of 2023 was jointly awarded to Ekimov, Brus and Bawendi for the discovery of synthesis of quantum dots. In this context, discuss the applications of quantum dots.","15","250"],[42,"17 Evaluate the role of protected areas in biodiversity conservation in India. How effective have national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, and biosphere reserves been in preserving India's biodiversity?","15","250"],[45,"18 What the causes of high levels of particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) and ozone pollution in India. How effective are the various steps taken by the government to mitigate particulate matter and ozone pollution?","15 marks, 250","15"],[48,"19. The International Narcotics Control Board (INCB) Report 2023 highlights a growing menace of drug trafficking in South Asia, with India being a major hub. Analyze the various dimensions of this challenge with respect to India. Also suggest a multi-pronged approach to address it.","15","250"],[51,"20 India's response to left wing extremism needs to integrate soft approaches like socio-economic policies and dialogue along with hard security measures to address the root causes of Naxalism. Discuss.","15","250"]]},{"i":459,"t":"Kritika","c":"Forumias","p":"Essay","y":2025,"r":312,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/KRITIKA-CHAUDHARYUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-312-Sample-ESSAY-COPY-1.pdf","q":[[3,"1. We cannot solve our problems with the same thinking we used when we created them.","",""],[5,"MIRROR, MIRROR - WHAT DO YOU SEE?","",""],[6,"DOES THE MIRROR SHOW ALL THE IMAGES?","",""]]},{"i":461,"t":"Kritika","c":"Forumias","p":"GS1","y":2025,"r":312,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/KRITIKA-CHAUDHARYUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-312-Sample-MGP-COPY-2.pdf","q":[[2,"Q.1) Gangetic Plains are rich in alluvial & minerals transported from the Great Himalayas. Terai region is most fertile for agriculture & contributes to 48% agricultural productivity (Ministry of Agriculture).\n1) Ecological problems\n2) Demographic pressure\n3) Unskilled manpower","",""],[4,"2) Differences between Eastern & Western Himalayas\n1. Presence of Trans-Himalayan ranges\n2. Height of mountains","",""],[12,"Q.6) Rare Earth Elements are the \"upcoming Gold\" of the world. With the rise of technological researches, the demand of Rare Earth Elements will rise multifold. \"Industry 4.0\" & \"Neural Artificial Networks\" are the modern industries for which Rare Earths are the Vitamins.","",""],[17,"Why inter-religious marriages are uncommon\n1 Intersectionality of religion, gender & caste\n2 Cultural Norms\n3 Legal Processes\n4 Negative outcomes = punishment as a deterrent\n5 Stereotypes & Prejudices","",""],[20,"Q.10) Globalization has become a reality due to increased interrelatedness of supply chains which impact socio-cultural trends. Mahatma Gandhi said \"I want culture of any society to flow through my house but I refuse to be blown off my feet by it\".\n1) Trend of fast fashion\n2) Westernization of dresses & \"Jeans Culture\"\n3) Mall culture\n4) Sustainable fashion","",""],[25,"Q.12) Geomorphic agents cause denudation activities or depositional ones, leading to the formation of landmasses. While certain geomorphic agents cause diastrophic shifts, others may lead to swift orographic uplift.","",""],[31,"Q.14 FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR VARIATIONS IN OCEAN SALINITY","",""]]},{"i":460,"t":"Kritika","c":"Forumias","p":"GS3","y":2025,"r":312,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/KRITIKA-CHAUDHARYUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-312-Sample-MGP-COPY-1.pdf","q":[[3,"\"समावेशी संवृद्धि एक परिवेशीय विकास प्रक्रिया है जो कि आर्थिक वृद्धि के लाभों तक सभी की पहुँच हो।\" भारतीय संदर्भ में समझाइए।","","10"],[5,"Green Budgeting is an environmental management tool that ensures that government budgets contribute to environmental objectives. Discuss.","10","150"],[7,"In your opinion, can privatization help in addressing these challenges?","10 Marks, 150","10"],[11,"Q5 The MSME is an important component of India's economy. It is faced with a multitude of challenges. Discuss. Also, suggest measures to support the growth of MSME sector.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) A robust food processing sector can solve various issues plaguing Indian agriculture. Elucidate.","10","150"],[15,"Q.1) Despite being a progressive tax, only a small part of the adult population files income tax returns, and an even smaller segment pays taxes. Explore the factors that contribute to low tax compliance in India. Additionally, discuss ways to improve direct tax collection in the country.","15","250"],[18,"Q.12) The HAM model amalgamating attributes of EPC and BOT, emerges as a pragmatic approach for advancing infrastructure development in the country. Explain.","15","15"],[21,"Q36 Economic reforms of 1991 marked a significant leap forward for India's economy, ushering in a new era of liberalization, privatization, and globalization; however, as India marches towards Viksit Bharat (developed India), the need is felt for Reforms 2.0. Comment.","15","250"],[24,"Q.14) Explain the significance of agricultural marketing in the country outlining the key challenges it faces. Suggest reforms for its improvement. (15 Marks, 250 Words)","15","250"],[27,"Q6 Indigenization has been a major focus area in the defence sector. Discuss the key challenges faced by the country in indigenizing the defence sector and the steps taken by the government in this regard.","15","250"],[30,"Q.16 Effective multimodal transport is key to reducing transportation costs, and minimizing environmental degradation and pollution. Elaborate. Also, suggest measures to enhance multimodal transport.","15","250"],[39,"Q.36 The transition from the Green Revolution to Evergreen Revolution has potential for sustainable agricultural growth. In this context, examine the role of technology in Indian agriculture. What measures can be taken to accelerate this transition? (15 Marks, 250 Words)","15","250"]]},{"i":462,"t":"Krupa A Jain","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2025,"r":190,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/KRUPA-A-JAIN-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-190-Sample-MGP-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1 \"India's democratic roots are deeply embedded in its ancient civilizational ethos.\" Discuss in the context of India being referred to as the 'Mother of Democracy'.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Elucidate the significance of tiger and elephant figures in Indian mythology, art and architecture.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3 The arrival of Lord William Bentinck marked a period of transformation in the British Indian State. Discuss.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) Explain how the American War of Independence deprived Great Britain of one empire, but it strengthened the foundations of another.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5 What are Rare Earth Elements (REEs)? Discuss the multi-dimensional implications of uneven distribution of REEs in the world.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6 Highlight the salient differences between the Himalayan and the Peninsular drainage Systems.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) Describe the nature and mode of origin of the main types of rock at the earth's crust.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8 The alienation of modern lifestyles from nature has contributed to the ongoing environmental crisis in India. Examine.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9) What do you understand by the term 'urbanisation of poverty'? Also, explain how urban poverty differs from rural poverty in India?","10","150"],[21,"Q.10) Globalization has redefined the idea of community and kinship in Indian society. Do you agree? Justify your answer.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11) The flourishing of various art forms during the Kushana period reflects the rich and diverse cultural landscape of the time. What insights does this provide into the socio-cultural aspects of that era?","15","250"],[26,"Q.12) Trace the events that led to the Civil Disobedience Movement. What were its outcomes?","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 Mahatma Jyotirao Phule's reformist ideas played a significant role in shaping the social foundations of the Indian freedom movement. Elaborate.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 The interlinking of rivers offers several benefits, but also raises significant socio-economic and environmental concerns. Analyze.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15) Explain the concept of rain shadow effect. How does it influence the distribution of precipitation and vegetation across mountain ranges?","15","250"],[38,"Q.16 Bring out the major features of the Indian monsoon and elaborate upon its causative factors.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 What are the geographical factors responsible for the growth of mangrove vegetation in India? Also highlight its role in coastal ecology.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 To what extent can the rise of 'Kidfluencers' be seen as a reflection of changing family structures and parental aspirations in Indian society?","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 Women often form the backbone of grassroots movements in India, yet they remain largely invisible and excluded from the decision-making process. Examine.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 Do you agree with the view that social media is a 'double edged sword'? Discuss in the context of its impact on Indian society.","15","250"]]},{"i":463,"t":"Krupa A Jain","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2025,"r":190,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/KRUPA-A-JAIN-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-190-Sample-MGP-Copy-2.pdf","q":[[3,"2.1 To what extent, in your opinion, have the ideals of the Preamble been realised in the country's 75-year constitutional journey?","10","150"],[5,"2) The evolution of property rights in India reflects an intricate relationship that exists between individual rights and public welfare. Discuss this statement with the help of relevant constitutional provisions and case laws.","10","150"],[7,"3) Under what conditions can the 'National' Emergency be proclaimed by the President of India? What are the consequences when such a proclamation remains in force? When was it last imposed in the country?","10","150"],[9,"4) 'Lack of a binding framework for pre-legislative consultations in India limits citizen engagement in the lawmaking.' Propose measures to strengthen the role of public consultation in the legislative process.","10","150"],[11,"5) 'The recommendations of the 15th Finance Commission have enabled the States to improve their fiscal conditions.' Comment.","10","150"],[13,"2.6) In what ways do industry and business associations contribute to socio-economic development in the country? Explain with suitable examples.","10","150"],[15,"2.7 \"India's poverty lies in the eyes of the beholder.\" In light of this statement, examine the need for a credible and periodically updated poverty estimation framework in the country.","10","150"],[17,"8) The Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act, 2012 falls short of achieving its intended objectives. Comment.","10","150"],[19,"2.9 'Starved of funds, shackled by geopolitics, WHO is facing a crisis of capacity and credibility.' Discuss the statement in the light of USA's withdrawal and its accusation of the health body of being 'biased towards China and mishandling the COVID-19 pandemic'.","10","150"],[21,"2.10) The world continues to operate in a 'my terrorist' versus 'your terrorist' paradigm. Explain. What strategies would you suggest to develop a unified, comprehensive, and rules-based global approach to tackle the menace of terrorism?","10","150"],[23,"11 Briefly explain the procedure laid down in the Representation of the People Act (RPA), 1951 for the registration of political parties with the Election Commission of India (ECI). What are Registered Unrecognised Political Parties (RUPPs)? What concerns are associated with them? Does the ECI have powers to de-register a political party?","15","250"],[26,"Q.12) Assess the role of NITI Aayog over the past decade in promoting cooperative and competitive federalism.","15","250"],[29,"2.13 'The post of Deputy Speaker goes beyond ceremonial significance and is indispensable to Indian parliamentary democracy.' Discuss with relevant constitutional provisions and conventions. Also, examine the implications of the prolonged vacancy of the Deputy Speaker's post.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 Is the growing demand for stricter regulation of online content justified, or does it pose a threat to the right to freedom of speech and expression? Examine in light of recent judicial pronouncements.","15","250"],[35,"2.15 Critically examine the 'in-house procedure' adopted by the Apex Court to inquire into allegations of misconduct against judges of constitutional courts in India.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16 Recent controversies over alleged malpractices in the electoral rolls have renewed demands for the mandatory linkage of Aadhaar with Voter ID. What is your opinion? Give reasons in support of your answer.","15","250"],[41,"17 Lateral entry into civil services is seen as a reformative step, yet it continues to attract criticism and controversy. Discuss.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 While rankings aim to benchmark the performance of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs), concerns remain about whether current ranking frameworks reflect the broader goals of education. Suggest measures to make the ranking system more objective, inclusive, and aligned with educational and societal outcomes.","15","250"],[47,"19) Examine the factors behind the growing salience of the Arctic region in international politics. Discuss, in this context, strategies for India to recalibrate its Arctic engagement.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 Bangladesh is a key pillar of India's Neighborhood First policy, but recent developments on both sides threaten to disrupt the 'Sonali Adhyay' in bilateral relations. Analyze.","15","250"]]},{"i":464,"t":"Krupa Ajain","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":2025,"r":190,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/KRUPA-A-JAIN-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-190-Sample-MGP-Copy-4.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) Rising influence of money power in Indian elections poses a serious challenge to transparency, fairness, and democratic accountability. How can ethical electoral funding be ensured to maintain the integrity of democracy?","10","150"],[5,"3) Explain the key dimensions of ethics that influence human behaviour. How do these dimensions shape ethical decision-making in private life?","10","150"],[7,"Q.2) a) \"Academic freedom is the bedrock of scholarly inquiry and intellectual progress.\" Examine the ethical issues that arise when educational institutions yield to political, social, or economic pressures and compromises academic freedom.","10","150"],[9,"3) Fortitude enables a civil servant to make difficult yet morally right decisions. Explain with reference to real-life examples.","10","150"],[11,"Q.3) Given below are the three quotations of great thinkers. What do each of these quotations convey to you in the present context?\na) \"When learning is purposeful, creativity blossoms. When creativity blossoms, thinking emanates. When thinking emanates, knowledge is fully lit. When knowledge is lit, the economy flourishes.\" - Abdul Kalam","10","150"],[13,"1) \"The difference between what we do and what we are capable of doing would suffice to solve most of the world's problems.\" - Mahatma Gandhi","10","150"],[15,"\"Love and compassion are necessities, not luxuries. Without them, humanity cannot survive.\" - Dalai Lama","10","150"],[17,"4) a) What do you understand by the term 'probity in governance'? Explain how probity acts as the foundation of ethical public administration.","10","150"],[19,"\"Starvation must not be used as a weapon of war.\" Yet, parties involved in conflicts often resort to the blockade of food and medical aid to civilians in conflict zones, deepening the humanitarian crisis. Powerful nations, despite their capacity to intervene, tend to prioritise strategic interests over humanitarian concerns. What ethical considerations should guide powerful nations in preventing such actions and ensuring unimpeded humanitarian access?","10","150"],[21,"Q.5) a) What teachings of Mahavira are most relevant today and why? Discuss.","10","150"],[23,"b) \"In contemporary times, social media platforms have emerged as powerful agents in shaping individual and societal attitudes.\" Do you agree with this view? Justify your answer.","10","150"],[25,"Q.6) a) What do you understand by the 'voice of conscience'? In what ways can you prepare yourself to listen to the voice of conscience?","10","150"],[27,"b) Effective utilisation of public funds is not merely an administrative requirement but a moral responsibility of those entrusted with public office. However, instances of funds allocated to government schemes lying idle or being diverted towards extraneous purposes continue to be reported across the country. Examine the reasons for under-utilization and mis-utilization of public funds and their implications.","10","150"],[29,"Q.7 A rail overbridge (ROB) is being planned in the capital city of a central Indian state. The project aims to reduce traffic congestion and ease delays at railway crossings, which affect thousands of daily commuters. It had been a long-standing demand of local residents, and the government approved it to address persistent traffic bottlenecks in the area. The project is to be executed by the State Public Works Department (PWD), with a strict completion deadline of one year i.e. 31st July 2026. The PWD Minister, who is also the local MLA, is scheduled to inaugurate the project in the third week of August 2026. This is planned to take place shortly before the expected announcement of state elections. Ramesh has been selected as the project manager of this prestigious assignment on the basis of his professional competence and experience.\n\nWhile reviewing the approved design plans in preparation for execution, Ramesh identifies a serious flaw. The proposed alignment includes a sharp 90-degree turn, incorporated due to spatial constraints between an electrified railway line on one side and ongoing metro construction on the other. From a technical standpoint, Ramesh believes the design is unsafe. It increases the risk of vehicular accidents, especially for heavy vehicles, and may lead to long-term inconvenience for road users.\n\nRamesh promptly raises the issue with the Chief Engineer. However, the Chief Engineer overrules the concern. He states that the General Arrangement Drawing (GAD) has already been approved by the Bridge Engineering Department, in coordination with Indian Railways. He points out that revisiting the design at this stage shall result in project delays, increased expenditure, and unwanted political attention.\n\nSubsequently, Ramesh comes to know that the contractor awarded the tender to execute the project is a close relative of the PWD Minister. He also receives unofficial communication suggesting that his promotion to Additional Chief Engineer is under active consideration, but could be jeopardised if he creates \"unnecessary hurdles\" in the project's timely completion.\n\nThe incumbent state government is eager to complete the overbridge before the elections and present it as a major developmental achievement. This adds to the pressure on Ramesh to expedite project execution without raising further objections. Nonetheless, he remains convinced that the current design is flawed and could have grave implications for public safety if left unaddressed.\n\nMeanwhile, the bridge design has also attracted widespread public attention after being published in a leading local newspaper. Images of the sharp 90-degree turn went viral on social media, drawing criticism and ridicule. Several engineering experts have publicly flagged the alignment as a potential safety hazard, reinforcing Ramesh's concerns.\na) Under the given conditions, what are the options available to Ramesh as a project manager?\nb) What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by Ramesh?\nc) What are the professional challenges likely to be faced by Ramesh and his response to overcome such challenges?","20","20"],[30,"a) दी गई परिस्थितियों में, एक परियोजना प्रबंधक के रूप में रमेश के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\nb) रमेश को किन नैतिक दुविधाओं का सामना करना पड़ रहा है?\nc) रमेश को किन व्यावसायिक चुनौतियों का सामना करना पड़ सकता है तथा ऐसी चुनौतियों पर नियंत्रण पाने के लिए उसकी क्या प्रतिक्रिया होनी चाहिए?","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[35,"Q.8) Srushti is a young and dynamic IPS officer, posted as Assistant Superintendent of Police (ASP) in a communally sensitive district. Her husband, Arjun, is an IAS officer and posted as Sub-Divisional Magistrate (SDM) in the same district. Both are honest, sincere and deeply committed to their work. They have a daughter who is just four months old, and is looked after by a domestic helper. Srushti resumed duty just two weeks ago after six months of maternity leave.\n\nAt 9 PM on Saturday night, Srushti is in her office reviewing the security arrangements with her team for an upcoming local festival. The situation in the area has been tense throughout the week due to a flare-up between two communities over a petty issue. Around 9:30 PM, she gets a call from the Superintendent of Police. He asks her to prepare a detailed law and order brief for a high-level meeting the next morning.\n\nSrushti reaches home at 10 PM, feeling exhausted. She has not been getting proper sleep during the week due to frequent night patrolling. Arjun also returns around the same time after a long day in the field. Their daughter has been unwell and cried through most of the previous night. Arjun expresses concern about Srushti's heavy workload and the baby's condition. He tells her that she can not keep pushing herself like this and that the child needs more of her attention. Srushti replies that she cannot afford to step back. She adds that people are already judging her and questioning her commitment to work for availing maternity leave. The conversation gradually turns into an argument. Arjun feels Srushti is ignoring her health and family, while Srushti feels judged and unsupported.\n\nLater that night, as Srushti sits at her desk preparing the report, she pauses and reflects on the purpose of her work. She had joined the IPS to serve the people and protect the vulnerable. But now, she wonders if she is being fair to her own child and family. Even as recently as last week, she had to cancel the family dinner as she had to attend an urgent meeting at the SP office. She also feels the weight of expectations. Male officers with children are rarely questioned. But as a new mother, she is constantly under scrutiny. Many in the department believe that women, especially new mothers, are not suitable for field duty.\n\nSrushti starts thinking about her options. She knows that whatever decision she makes will not only impact her own future but also influence the expectations placed on other working mothers in uniform.\na) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\nb) Evaluate the options available to Srushti in the above situation.\nc) What suggestions would you make to help officers like Srushti maintain a healthy work-life balance.","20","250"],[36,"a) उपर्युक्त मामले में नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं?\nb) उपरोक्त स्थिति में सृष्टि के लिए उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन करें।\nc) सृष्टि जैसे अधिकारियों को स्वस्थ कार्य-जीवन संतुलन बनाए रखने में मदद करने के लिए आप क्या सुझाव देंगे?\na) उपर्युक्त मामले में नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं?\nb) उपर्युक्त स्थिति में सृष्टि के लिए उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन करें।\nc) सृष्टि जैसे अधिकारियों को स्वस्थ कार्य-जीवन संतुलन बनाए रखने में मदद करने के लिए आप क्या सुझाव देंगे?","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[40,"Q.9 A reputed Indian beauty & personal care company developed a herbal skin cream for the international market, claiming anti-ageing and skin-repair properties based on traditional Ayurvedic formulations. After obtaining the necessary approvals and export certifications, the company began exporting the product. The product received widespread positive feedback for its quality and natural formulation, and soon became a huge hit in international markets. Riding on this success, the company announced that the product would soon be made available to domestic consumers, with almost the same quality and health benefits.\n\nSubsequently, it secured approval from the domestic regulatory authority and launched the product in the Indian market. Over time, the brand gained a significant share of the domestic market and earned substantial revenues both nationally and internationally.\n\nHowever, during a random sample check, officials discovered that the cream sold in India differed from the version approved by the competent authority. The product failed to meet the claimed herbal composition and purity standards. Further investigation revealed that the company had often been distributing batches that had failed export quality checks.\n\nThe incident triggered widespread public criticism and regulatory scrutiny, leading to a sharp decline in the company’s reputation and financial performance.\na) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the case.\nb) What actions should the competent regulatory authority take against the personal care company for violating domestic quality standards and distributing rejected export batches in the Indian market?\nc) What course of action is available to the company to manage the crisis and restore public trust and brand credibility?","20","250"],[45,"Q.10 A forest fire has broken out in a hilly district and is rapidly spreading toward an eco-sensitive area that includes four villages (ESA villages). These villages lie along the forest fringe and are surrounded by difficult terrain. The region is known for its biodiversity and traditional forest-based livelihoods. The inhabitants of these villages are mostly poor tribal communities, dependent on forest resources for their sustenance.\nYou, as the District Magistrate of the area, have rushed to the spot with a medical team, police personnel, NGOs, media, and support staff to oversee the rescue and containment operations. Your disaster response team on the ground is small and poorly equipped. Reinforcements from the district headquarter have been requested, but they may take several hours to arrive due to the remoteness and challenging terrain.\nIn the meantime, a group of trained ex-forest guards and local youth from the villages offer to help. They are experienced and familiar with the area. However, existing government rules do not permit the engagement of unofficial personnel in fire control operations without formal clearance and insurance coverage.\nYour team members are divided on this issue. Some members argue that volunteers should be engaged immediately to prevent the fire from spreading. Others caution that involving them without proper approval and safety cover could be risky and against protocol.\nAs the District Magistrate, you are also the Chairperson of the District Disaster Management Authority (DDMA). The fire is spreading at a very rapid rate, and immediate action is required to protect lives, property, and the environment. You are now in a dilemma.\na) What are the options available to you?\nb) Critically evaluate each of the options identified by you.\nc) What option would you adopt and why?\nd) What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by you?","20","250"],[46,"(a) and (b) (a) Options available and their critical evaluation and (b)","",""],[50,"Q.11) In one of the government primary schools located in a rural block of a district, the newly appointed headmistress observed an unusual practice. The school had been preparing and serving mid-day meals separately to students belonging to different communities. Although the meals were cooked using a common gas connection, separate utensils, cooking areas, and serving arrangements had been in place for more than two decades. Students from the two communities had their food cooked and served by different cooks and ate in separate classrooms, despite attending classes together.\nAfter taking charge, the headmistress decided to discontinue this practice. She directed that food be prepared and served together for all students, using a common kitchen and utensils. However, the decision triggered backlash. A considerable number of parents across communities vehemently opposed the move and stopped sending their children to school. Consequently, attendance fell by almost 60 percent. This also raised concerns regarding the possible discontinuation of the mid-day meal scheme, withdrawal of teaching staff, and even closure of the school due to falling enrolment. The issue has attracted attention from various political and social groups attempting to further polarise the situation and serve their vested interests.\nMarpi Apang, the District Education Officer (DEO), has been tasked by the Deputy Commissioner's office to amicably resolve the matter at the earliest. She has also been directed to submit a detailed report along with the Action Taken Report within a fortnight.\na) Identify the ethical issues involved in this case.\nb) What course of action should Marpi adopt and why?\nc) What should be the responsibilities of different social segments and agencies to create positive social ambiance for accepting such changes?","20","250"],[55,"Q.12 You are a Municipal Commissioner of a tier-2 city experiencing rapid urban expansion. Several high-rise residential and commercial buildings are under construction in the city to meet the growing demand for housing. One such luxury residential complex is being built, employing hundreds of daily-wage labourers, many of whom live in temporary settlements at the construction site. Late one night during the monsoon season, a large section of scaffolding and concrete slabs collapses from the upper floors of one of the under-construction buildings. Seven labourers, including two minors, die on the spot. Several others are critically injured and rushed to the hospital. The tragic incident results in public outrage, intense media scrutiny, and protests by a local NGO. The state government orders a formal inquiry and directs you to submit a report within a week. Your preliminary investigation reveals a series of irregularities. The construction material used is substandard and not in accordance with the National Building Code. Although the approved plan permits construction of fifteen floors, the builder has illegally added two extra floors. Moreover, the structure has encroached on land demarcated for a community park and a fire service lane under the city's Zonal Development Plan. These violations are not reported during site inspections conducted by the building inspector of the municipal corporation. The building clearance was granted during the tenure of your predecessor, who is not only your batchmate but also a close friend. Both of you were roommates during your training at LBSNAA. Prima facie, the case appears to involve a widespread nexus between officials of the Municipal Corporation and the builder. Your colleagues are putting pressure on you to go slow in the inquiry. Some of them suggest that holding the builder accountable could damage the city's image among investors and slow down urban development. Meanwhile, you come to know that the builder is the younger brother of a powerful minister in the state cabinet. One evening, his personal aide visits you privately. He suggests that the matter could be “mutually settled” and offers you a premium apartment worth ₹2 crore in the same residential complex. In the same breath, he hints that if the matter is not resolved swiftly in the builder's favour, someone in his office is prepared to file a complaint against you under the SC and ST (Prevention of Atrocities) Act.\na) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the case.\nb) What are the options available to you in this situation?\nc) Explain your selected course of action.","20","250"],[56,"a) मामले में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा करें।\nb) इस स्थिति में आपके पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध है?\nc) अपनी चुनी हुई कार्यवाही का विवरण दीजिए।","20 अंक","20 अंक"]]},{"i":465,"t":"Krupa Jain","c":"Forumias","p":"Essay","y":2025,"r":190,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/KRUPA-A-JAIN-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-190-Sample-ESSAY-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"1. We cannot solve our problems with the same thinking we used when we created them.\n2. The civilisation that doesn't adopt modern technologies becomes extinct.\n3. Data without wisdom and innovation without ethics are dangerous tools.\n4. The doubter is a true man of science.","",""],[16,"1. The empires of the future will be the empires of the mind.\n2. Responsibility is the invisible thread that holds freedom together.\n3. You may not be able to do everything, but do something.\n4. Behavior is the mirror in which everyone shows their image.","",""],[18,"So, why and how does this thread of responsibility hold freedom together?","",""]]},{"i":466,"t":"Kshitij Aditya Sharma","c":"Forumias","p":"GS3","y":2024,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/KSHITIJ-ADITYA-SHARMA-UPSC-2024-Rank-58-MGP-Sample-Copy-3.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) Investment in infrastructure is a precursor to social and economic transformation; however, the focus on economic gains must not marginalise the concerns for safety. Comment.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) What do you understand from Green growth? With special reference to the budget 2023-2024, discuss various government measures to propel green growth in the country.","10","150"],[7,"Q3) Project cheetah marks a departure from India's efforts for conservation of various critically-endangered species. In this perspective, do you think the reintroduction of major fauna that has gone extinct is justified?","10","150"],[9,"Q.4 In what ways can precision agriculture become a panacea for multipronged challenges plaguing the agriculture sector? Discuss. Also, analyse various impediments in widespread adoption of precision farming in India.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) What are the reasons for increasing emphasis on the horticulture sector in recent years? Evaluate government measures for the development of the horticulture sector.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6 Unplanned urbanization has made Indian cities vulnerable to fire safety hazards. Discuss and recommend measures for mitigating urban fires, with special reference to national building code, 2016.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) DPI (Digital Public Infrastructure) is indispensable for digitally enabling citizens and businesses; however, the challenges of exclusion, exploitation, and monopolisation cannot be ignored. Examine.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) Assess the relevance of the NISAR mission in observing and managing climate change and natural hazards.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9) Defense indigenization remains the Achilles heel of India's security architecture. Examine the importance of startups in defense sector to make India secure and self-reliant.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10 Edge in modern warfare lies not so much in the capacity to overwhelm the adversary as much in the ability to nip the threat in the bud. In this context, discuss the role of intelligence in maintaining national security, and also cite challenges associated.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11 Labour and export intensive industries are key to problems of jobless growth. In this perspective, analyse the opportunities and challenges associated with the textile sector.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12 In an era of interconnected challenges, the emerging global polycrisis poses significant implications for India's macroeconomic stability. Examine and suggest measures to make the Indian economy more resilient to global shocks and challenges.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13) Do you think the low Female Labor Force Participation Rate presents a correct picture about the 'working women' in India's economy? Give reasons in support of your answer.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 Across sectors and regions, the most marginalised sections are also the most affected by the impacts of climate change. Explain. Also, present a case for a climate resilient model of development that integrates mitigation and adaptation measures.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 Despite the potential to check the triple whammy of nutritional deficiency, environmental degradation, and receding farm incomes, the adoption of Millets has been abysmally low. Analyse.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16 A link between unorganized farming community and formal industrial sector, Food Processing Industries (FPI) can play a key role in advancing the rural economy. Evaluate.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17) A multi-sectoral and multi-tiered process, Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) is beset with a plethora of constraints. Identifying these constrains, recommend measures for building a robust DRR strategy.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 What do you understand by generative Artificial Intelligence (AI)? How can policymakers and regulatory bodies effectively address the concerns and challenges posed by generative AI?","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 Though ethnic fault lines are a major threat, security challenges in the North-East are not confined to the same. Discuss the statement with special reference to Manipur.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20) Critically examine the role of development initiatives in addressing the root causes of militancy/terrorism in Jammu & Kashmir.","15","250"]]},{"i":468,"t":"Kush Motwani","c":"Nextias","p":"GS1","y":null,"r":11,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/93393beb2b7e996905ce7ea7f8b78443/31/air-11-kush-motwani_test-5_gs1.pdf","q":[[3,"1. How did the ancient trade routes connecting India to foreign countries contribute to the exchange and dissemination of culture?","10","Answer in 150"],[5,"2. The Quit India movement was a people's movement cutting across the class divides but it was the women's leadership that left a clear mark. Analyse.","10","Answer in 150"],[7,"3. 'The hallmark of post-Independent India has been its remarkable strides in science and technology'. To what extent did scientific development during this period put India on the path of modernity?","10","150"],[9,"4. Discuss the feasibility of Interlinking rivers to resolve the issue of water stress in other regions.","10","Answer in 150"],[11,"5. How will the structural shift from coal-based power plants to renewable energy generation impact human development in coal-bearing states?","10","Answer in 150"],[13,"6. To what extent temperature and precipitation are the most important factors that determine soil properties?","10","150"],[15,"7. Why are severe and intense cyclones becoming a regular phenomenon in the Arabian Sea? Substantiate with examples.","10","Answer in 150"],[17,"8. In the context of cultural diversity in India, can we consider Southern states as distinct cultural units in comparison to the rest of India? Substantiate your view.","10","150"],[19,"9. Poverty and population growth are locked in a vicious cycle, where poverty restricts individuals' ability to break free from the cycle, while population growth strains resources. Discuss.","10","150"],[21,"10. India has a rich heritage in the internationalization of education. In this context how will the recent push for the 'internationalization of education' impact society and foster cultural exchange?","10","Answer in 150"],[23,"11. 'Although there were many differences between the Gandhara and Mathura art, they considerably influenced the Amravati school of art.' Elaborate.","15","Answer in 250"],[26,"12. 'England's Industrial Revolution not only transformed the economic landscape but also had far-reaching social and cultural impacts'. Discuss.","15","Answer in 250"],[29,"13. How did the social reform and ideological struggle against the backward traditional elements and hegemony of colonial culture in the nineteenth century influence the emergence of a distinct cultural identity and national consciousness?","15","250"],[31,"How struggle against hegemony of colonial culture led to this identity","",""],[32,"14. How does temperature inversion affect atmospheric conditions and what are its implications for local weather patterns and air pollution levels?","15","Answer in 250"],[35,"15. What are the geographical factors responsible for mangrove vegetation in India? How does climate change pose a threat to mangrove vegetation in India?","15","Answer in 250"],[38,"16. What are the geographical and economic factors that influence the location of the sugar industry, and how do they contribute to the growth of the industry in India and different parts of the world?","15","Answer in 250"],[41,"17. What are the key strategies used in dryland farming to overcome water scarcity and maximize agricultural productivity in arid and semi-arid regions? Also, discuss the need to promote dryland farming in India.","15","Answer in 250"],[44,"8. How has the contemporary women's movement encompassed diverse approaches beyond traditional methods? Also, highlight the unique contribution and challenges of the contemporary women's movement.","15","Answer in 250"],[47,"19. Do you think that the forces of modernization that catalyzed the eradication of social evils in Indian society have also threatened our cultural values and ethos?","15","Answer in 150"],[49,"3. Define in standards of art and culture.","",""],[50,"0. In the context of states in India evaluate the relationship between regional disparity and sentiments of regionalism. Is regionalism antagonistic to the idea of nationalism? (Answer in 150 words) 15 marks","15","150"]]},{"i":474,"t":"Kush Motwani","c":"Nextias","p":"GS1","y":null,"r":11,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/93393beb2b7e996905ce7ea7f8b78443/61/air-11-kush-motwani_test-1_gs1.pdf","q":[[2,"Q.1 The fabric of Indian philosophical thought owes as much to Northern India as to Southern India. Elucidate.","10","Answer in 150"],[4,"Q.2 The Indian society's impulse for social change and reform was a response to its opposition to colonial rule. Examine.","10","150"],[6,"Q.3 What are the factors that led to the Russian revolution and what are the consequences of this revolution? Discuss its influence on the Indian national movement.","10","150"],[8,"Q.4 Discuss the various factors responsible for the uneven temperature distribution on Earth's surface.","10","Answer in 150"],[10,"Q.5 The melting of glaciers due to climate change has serious implications for the ecosystem and human society. Discuss the effects of melting glaciers on the environment and the measures that can be taken to address this issue.","10","150"],[12,"Q.6 The White Revolution was most successful in the Western part of India. Discuss the factors for this regional success of the White Revolution.","10","150"],[14,"Q.7 To what extent does seismic investigation contribute to our understanding of the Earth's interior structure? Analyze its significance in detail.","10","150"],[16,"Q.8 The pace of demographic transition varies across different states of India making population growth a double-edged sword. Comment.","10","Answer in 150"],[18,"Q.9 The ethnic and cultural diversity in India has always been bound by the thread of unity. Discuss the major factors that have contributed to the cultural unity of India.","10","Answer in 150"],[20,"Q.10 The dichotomy in public and private life in Indian society acts as a major barrier to the annihilation of caste. Justify.","10","150"],[22,"Q.11 India was forced into numerous wars post Independence. Highlight the causes and impact of the Indo-Pak and Indo-China wars on our bilateral relationships.","15","Answer in 250"],[25,"Q.12 The process of consolidation of Bengal, which started after the Battle of Plassey culminated in the Battle of Buxar. Do you think the Battle of Buxar was more important for the British than Plassey?","15","Answer in 250"],[28,"Q.13 Sanskrit literature in general and particularly in the Guptan age set a high watermark for the literary history of ancient India. Discuss.","15","250"],[31,"Q.14 The configuration of the ocean floor provides essential information about the geological processes that have shaped the Earth's surface. Discuss the major features of the ocean floor and their significance in the study of oceanography.","15","250"],[34,"Q.15 With the growing demand for rare earth elements, their distribution has become a critical aspect of the global economy. Discuss the distribution of rare earth elements across the world, their uses, and the environmental impact of their extraction.","15","250"],[37,"Q.16 Tourism in the hilly states is threatening to exceed the ecological carrying capacity of the region. Analyze the factors contributing to this trend and evaluate the potential Environmental impacts of this phenomenon. What measures can be taken to ensure sustainable tourism in these states?","15","250"],[40,"Q.17 The Indian monsoon is a complex phenomenon influenced by various climatic factors. Critically examine the role of oceanic and atmospheric factors in determining the intensity and distribution of monsoon rainfall in India.","15","250"],[43,"Q.18 Why do traditions in our society impede change? To what extent can social legislation be instrumental against old customary practices?","15","Answer in 250"],[46,"Q.19 Slums are not 'problems' that have to be 'solved' - but are indeed a result of lopsided and vested urban policies covering infrastructure provision and socio-economic issues. Analyse.","15","250"],[49,"Q.20 Communalism gains strength from economic deprivation, and thrives in environments of social exclusion, creating fertile ground for discontent and division. Comment.","15","250"]]},{"i":467,"t":"Kush Motwani","c":"Nextias","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":11,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/93393beb2b7e996905ce7ea7f8b78443/28/air-11-kush-motwani_test-6_gs2.pdf","q":[[3,"1. \"Interstate border disputes, if not promptly and impartially settled, can transform into persistent issues that impede development and generate friction\". Highlighting the constitutional and legal framework to resolve interstate disputes, explain why Independent India has failed to resolve inter-state border disputes.","10","150"],[5,"2. Examine the role of the Inter-state Council in promoting vertical (Centre-State) and horizontal (Inter-State) Intergovernmental cooperation and coordination.","10","150"],[7,"3. Discuss the key function of the Public Accounts Committee (PAC). What steps should be taken to revamp the Public Accounts Committee (PAC) in order to enhance its effectiveness as a true guardian of public funds?","10","150"],[9,"4. Recognizing the pivotal role of urbanization as a driver of national economic growth, the Fifteenth Finance Commission has suggested major reforms for Urban Local Bodies. Evaluate the recommendations put forward by the Fifteenth Finance Commission in promoting and revitalizing ULBs in India.","10","150"],[11,"5. Highlight the key differences in the scope of Freedom of speech and expression as provided under Parliamentary privileges vis a vis Fundamental rights. Why is it necessary to maintain a balance between parliamentary privilege and fundamental rights?","10","150"],[13,"6. Civil society organizations, play a pivotal role in fostering \"collective private action for the public good\". What challenges do they face in local resource mobilization (LRM) and corporate funding through corporate social responsibility (CSR)? Also, suggest measures.","10","Answer in 150"],[15,"7. The first step to eradicating poverty is reliable poverty assessment for program design, implementation, and monitoring. In this context discuss the methodology and significance of NITI Aayog's National Multidimensional Poverty Index.","10","150"],[17,"8. In the context of India, despite the presence of constitutional provisions, legal precedents, and international commitments that establish a robust foundation for a right to health, why has there been a lack of explicit legal recognition of this right?","10","Answer in 150"],[19,"9. The collective strength of BRICS nations allows for meaningful cooperation on myriad issues, however, the platform's ability to influence the trajectory of bilateral relationships remains limited. Do you agree? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[21,"10. In light of the recent demands to amend the Indus Waters Treaty, discuss the possible implications it could have on the water-sharing mechanism between India and Pakistan.","10","150"],[23,"11. The doctrine of Parliamentary sovereignty and judicial supremacy has exerted considerable influence in shaping the constitutional frameworks of India and the USA. Citing relevant case laws discuss the role of the judiciary in influencing the constitutions in these countries? Is the scope of judicial review wider in India?","15","Answer in 250"],[26,"12. Delimitation of seats is essential to ensure fair representation and uphold the principles of one vote, one value'. Highlighting the challenges posed by misrepresentation in constituencies analyze the ramifications of population-based delimitation in creating federal tension.","15","Answer in 250"],[29,"13. Discuss the role of the Supreme Court of India in strengthening the hands of the Election Commission in the discharge of its constitutional responsibility of conducting free and fair elections in the country.","15","Answer in 250"],[32,"14. 'The declining role of Parliament undermines the fundamental principle of separation of powers, as it diminishes the legislature's ability to serve as a check on the executive branch and ensure a balanced exercise of power.' Discuss.","15","250"],[35,"15. Discuss the crucial role played by the National Commission of Women in shaping the discourse on gender-sensitive laws in India. To what extent the elevation of the National Commission for Women to a constitutional body would reinforce its authority?","15","Answer in 250"],[38,"16. 'Satisfactory and timely redressal of grievances is the cornerstone of 'minimum government, maximum governance.' In this context discuss the challenges associated with current grievance redress mechanisms and suggest measures to strengthen the process.","15","250"],[41,"17. 'Corruption corrodes the fabric of governance, eroding the public's faith in democratic institutions.' Examine the potential for harmonizing the Right to Information (RTI) Act, the Whistleblower Protection Act (WBPA), and the Lokpal & Lokayukta Act, 2013, to enhance the effectiveness of the anticorruption regime.","15","Answer in 250"],[44,"18. Analyze the potential challenges and benefits involved in leveraging SHGs as platforms for skill development, entrepreneurship, and income generation among marginalized communities to effectively counter poverty.","15","Answer in 250"],[47,"19. 'India is uniquely positioned on the world map for its rich culture.' In this context discuss the role of culture, diaspora, and democracy as instruments of India's soft power diplomacy. To what extent India has been able to position itself as a 'smart power' ?","15","Answer in 250"],[50,"20. The synergy of shared values and vibrant people-to-people connections between India and Australia creates a fertile ground for fostering long-lasting trade relations and strategic collaboration between the two nations. Analyse.","15","250"]]},{"i":471,"t":"Kush Motwani","c":"Nextias","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":11,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/93393beb2b7e996905ce7ea7f8b78443/45/air-11-kush-motwani_test-2_gs2.pdf","q":[[3,"01 Is there a need to resolve the ambiguity in the disqualification provisions under section 8 of RPA 1951? Discuss","",""],[5,"Q2 Constitution is a mere skeleton whereas constitutionalism is the soul of democracy. Discuss.","",""],[7,"03 \"Electoral bonds are a double edged sword, providing anonymity to donors while raising concerns around transparency.\" To what extent have electoral bonds further legitimized opacity in electoral funding?","",""],[9,"04 Question of gender equality is central to debate on UCC. What are the challenges in reconciling UCC with gender equality as enshrined in the constitution?","",""],[13,"06 Recently, demand has been rising in a state regarding enactment of social accountability law. How can such a law lead to good governance and raise citizens participation in decision-making?","",""],[17,"08 \"MUNREGA, lynchpin of rural poverty alleviation, has become victim of fiscal apathy\". Critically analyze in light of recent developments. The budget for MUNREGA was cut in budget 2023-24 by ~15%, in light of revival of economy and employment.","",""],[19,"Q1 \"India must leverage, if not manage, global political divides\". How can current geopolitical churn pave way to India's rise to global high table ?","",""],[21,"Q10 \"Berlin can be India's gateway to EU\": Elaborate with respect to Germany's significance in India's relationship with EU.","",""],[23,"Q11 How has anti-defection law impacted relationship between pol parties and individual legislators? In light of recent incidents, also discuss unintended consequences it has on functioning of democracy in India.","",""],[29,"Q13 FRs are not gifts bestowed upon by the state, rather an individual possesses them independent of the state. In this context, discuss desirability of reasonable restrictions on various FRs.","",""],[32,"Q14 \"SR Bommai\" vs Union -  Q  Signified a paradigm shift in judicial interpretation of union's authority to assume control of state's admin\". Discuss significance and impact of the judgement in converting federal structure.","",""],[38,"16 Multi-stakeholder partnerships are key to leveraging collective expertise and networks. How can effective partnership and localized implementation be fostered to accelerate achievements of SDGs in India?","",""],[41,"Q17 How has implementation of POSH Act resulted in limited success in raising awareness about sexual harassment, and what factors have hindered its outreach to unorganized sector? Propose strategies to bridge this gap, and ensure comprehensive protection to women in unorg sector.","",""],[44,"Q18 \"Neo-liberal reforms and globalization have deeply transformed institutions of welfare State and set the ground for a new type of civil services\". In this context, examine challenges faced in service delivery and suggest reforms.","",""],[47,"Q19 China views India as \"Asian Rival\" with innate ability to counter its hegemonic goals in Asia. Despite these difficulties in India-China relations, there are also convergences. Discuss.","",""],[50,"Q20 Indo-Pacific in recent times has emerged as zone of diverging interests and priorities. Discuss. Do you think Global Security Initiative will supersede Quad in the region?","",""]]},{"i":469,"t":"Kush Motwani","c":"Nextias","p":"GS3","y":null,"r":11,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/93393beb2b7e996905ce7ea7f8b78443/34/air-11-kush-motwani_test-7_gs3.pdf","q":[[2,"1. Elaborate on the difference between Capital Account and Current Account as components of Balance of Payment (BOP). Suggest a few measures to balance the BOP deficit of India.","10","150"],[4,"2. The logistics sector is one of the important components of the growth of the manufacturing industry. Discuss. Also, mention various components of the recently announced National Logistics Policy 2022.","10","150"],[6,"3. What is India's stand on the New Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies under WTO? How is the Fisheries sector significant for India? Enumerate the steps taken by the Government to develop this sector.","10","Answer in 150"],[8,"4. Analyze the systemic and institutional constraints that continue to hinder land reform efforts in India and propose pragmatic solutions to ensure equitable distribution of land.","10","150"],[10,"5. What are the unique features and capabilities of the BrahMos supersonic cruise missile, and how has it contributed to India's defence capabilities and strategic position in the region?","10","150"],[12,"6. In line with the country's efforts to explore the depths of the ocean and harness the resources it holds, the Indian government has proposed a deep-sea exploration mission Samudrayaan. How can this mission contribute to the advancement of ocean science and technology in the country?","10","150"],[14,"7. What is Global Methane Pledge? Do you think the Global Methane Pledge is a positive step toward mitigating methane emissions? Explain India's stance on this issue.","10","Answer in 150"],[16,"8. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of disaster management in public health. Discuss the key strategies and challenges for managing pandemics and other infectious disease outbreaks.","10","150"],[18,"9. \"The resource curse of Eastern and Central India has been a crucial driver of LWE\". Elaborate and suggest measures for sustainable and inclusive development of the region.","10","150"],[20,"10. In light of the declining trend of violence in the North East and J&K region do you think that AFSPA has lived its utility? Comment.","10","150"],[22,"11. International trade is centred on the dominant currency paradigm (DCM). Critically Analyze the importance of Hard currency in International trade and Discuss the potential of rupee acceptance in global trade as an alternative to dollar imperialism.","15","Answer in 250"],[25,"12. A demographic Dividend does not ensure growth; it only generates potential. Discuss the steps made by the government to take advantage of the opportunities presented by the demographic transition.","15","250"],[28,"13. 'Genome editing holds immense potential for crop improvement, but it also raises ethical and safety concerns'. How far do the new guidelines for the safety assessment of genome-edited plants in India, ensure the safety of genetically modified crops?","15","Answer in 250"],[31,"14. Discuss the impact of direct and indirect farm subsidies on the agriculture sector in India. How have Minimum Support Prices (MSP) affected the agricultural economy?","15","Answer in 250"],[34,"15. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a rapidly escalating crisis that poses a grave threat to public health worldwide. What are the major contributing factors to the growing problem of antimicrobial resistance, and what steps can be taken to address this global health threat?","15","250"],[37,"16. What do you understand by Disruptive innovations? What are some examples of disruptive innovation in recent times, and how have they changed the way industries operate?","15","250"],[40,"17. Trace the evolution of the Loss and Damage fund. What are the major development related to loss and damage funds in COP 27?, What are the commitments made by India in this conference?","15","Answer in 250"],[43,"18. Disaster management is not just about responding to emergencies but also about building resilient communities. Discuss the key strategies that can be used to build community resilience and reduce the impact of disasters.","15","250"],[46,"19. The transformation of terrorism through the use of new and emerging technologies like metaverse and virtual assets is a matter of concern. How can we counter the Use of New and Emerging Technologies for Terrorist Purposes and Elucidate the importance of the \"Delhi declaration\" in this regard?","15","250"],[49,"20. \"The Agnipath scheme is a bitter pill needed for the resilience and efficacy of our armed forces.\" Critically Analyze the statement with relevant arguments.","15","250"]]},{"i":470,"t":"Kush Motwani","c":"Nextias","p":"GS3","y":null,"r":11,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/93393beb2b7e996905ce7ea7f8b78443/38/air-11-kush-motwani_test-3_gs3.pdf","q":[[3,"Q1 What do you understand by windfall tax? Do you think they can effectively redistribute wealth and promote greater economic equality?","",""],[5,"Q2 Discuss perceived successes and weaknesses of implementing inflation targeting under the new MPC regime.","",""],[7,"03 Assess the potential for millet production in India, in promoting sust. agri. and improving food security.","",""],[9,"Q4 JJM has the potential to end the regional disparity in availability and accessibility of drinking water. Highlighting its significance - discuss the underlying impediments in achieving desired objectives.","",""],[11,"05. What do you understand by Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS)? Discuss their applications and how it can revolutionize the energy program of India.","",""],[13,"06 Discuss the developments and challenges in Gaganyaan mission. What are possible benefits of the mission to society?","",""],[15,"Q7 \"Green Hydrogen can be the silver bullet in our quest to tackle climate change and pollution\" - critically analyze in light of National Green Hydrogen Mission.","",""],[17,"08 What are key lessons for DM and env conservation in Himalayan region, in light of recent disasters at Joshimath, Uttarakhand?","",""],[19,"Q9 \"Recent trends in Punjab share Khalistan issue is still simmering\". Discuss with respect to recent developments and suggest measures to handle it.","",""],[26,"Q12 SEBI plays an important role in regulation of share market and safeguarding interests of investors. Highlight challenges faced by SEBI, and suggest reforms in this regard.","",""],[29,"Q13 Despite being major contributor to Indian economy, agri sector is plagued by several constraints, that impede its growth and dev. Discuss role of tech in overcoming these constraints.","",""],[32,"Q19 Evaluate impact of irrigation on environment and natural resources. Suggest measures to ensure sustainability of and equity of irrigation practices.","",""],[35,"Q15 How India benefited strategically from contributions of Dr. Abhedra and Dr. Sarabhai in fields of atomic energy and space tech respectively?","",""],[38,"Q16 Generative AI holds the potential to push boundaries of innovation in the near future, yet its societal impact raises substantial challenges. Elaborate.","",""],[41,"8) Explain the purpose of \"Mangrove Alliance for Climate\" launched at COP 27. Elaborate on importance of mangroves in maintaining coastal ecology of tropical nations.","",""],[44,"Q19 Formation of CDRI brings more robustness to DM approach in India. Comment and justify the need for a new strategy to tackle disasters in India.","",""],[47,"Q19 Recent rise in ransomware attacks targeting critical infra and major corporations has highlighted urgent need for stronger cybersecurity measures and policies. Discussing key factors for this trend, analyze the impact of these attacks on various sectors.","",""],[50,"Q20 In context of border security, how can coop and coord between diff security agencies be improved to ensure effective and efficient management of warted and terrestrial borders?","",""]]},{"i":472,"t":"Kush Motwani","c":"Nextias","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":11,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/93393beb2b7e996905ce7ea7f8b78443/50/air-11-kush-motwani_test-8_gs4.pdf","q":[[3,"1. (a) \"The State took taxes from the people only to ensure their prosperity in return like the sun takes moisture from the earth only to give it back in thousandfold measure.\" Kalidasa.\n\nExplain the Indian concept of \"giving it back\" and its relevance as a guiding value for civil servants.","10","150"],[5,"(b) Public service takes place in a bureaucratic structure with clear lines of authority, value standardization, and accountability mechanisms. Working within such a structure, what do you think are the influences that impact the public servant's ethical decision-making?","10","Answer in 150"],[7,"2 (a) What do you understand by the terms 'ethics' and 'integrity'? Do you think they are interrelated? Explain with examples the relationship between ethics and integrity in the context of public administration.","10","150"],[9,"What do you understand by the terms ethical behavior and 'emotionally intelligent behavior'? Identify the relevant emotional intelligence components that act as a reliable guide to ethical behavior.","10","Answer in 150"],[11,"3. (a) \"To achieve a good life, duty is not sufficient; one needs to develop one's sympathetic feelings for others, and neither duty alone nor good will alone are sufficient to be moral.\" Do you agree with the above statement? Justify your position.","10","150"],[13,"(b) Developing a Scientific temper, innovative mindset, and civic-conscious citizens are major objectives of higher educational institutions. Can higher educational institutions be instrumental in promoting integrity education among youth to establish a public culture of integrity and a corruption-free political culture? If yes, how?","10","150"],[15,"4 Explain the meaning of the following quotations and discuss their contemporary relevance.\n(a) The senses deceive from time to time, and it is prudent never to trust wholly those who have deceived us even once.","10","Answer in 150"],[17,"(b) \"The price good men pay for indifference to public affairs is to be ruled by evil men.\"","10","150"],[19,"(c) \"Men must have corrupted nature a little, for they were not born wolves, and they have become wolves.\" (Answer in 150 words) 10 Marks","10","150"],[21,"5 (a) As professionals, civil servants are career focused and are also self-interested. At the same time, their service ethos imposes an obligation to serve the public interest selflessly. Is it possible for a civil servant to reconcile career and service obligation? Explain your position.","10","Answer in 150"],[23,"(b) \"While competence without compassion can be brutal and inhumane; similarly, compassion without competence can be meaningless for persons seeking help.\" Explain the above with the help of a suitable illustration in the context of public services.","10","150"],[25,"6 (a) Does the suffering of individuals in one part of the world generate moral demands of assistance on those foreigners who live far away from them? Are these moral demands of assistance justified? Can governments be held morally responsible for failing to help the international community in times of deprivation? Discuss.","10","150"],[26,"Q Are moral demands of assistance justified?","",""],[27,"(b) Civil Services ethics has everything to do with management. It is as much a Departmental as a personal issue. Leaders who fail to create systems that facilitate ethical conduct are equally to blame as much as those who indulge in ethical misconduct. Do you think the Departmental culture leads to ethical misconduct or is the individual with weak willpower culpable? Discuss.","10","150"],[29,"(a), (b) (a) What are the issues involved in the above case?\n(b) What are the advantages and disadvantages of using Faith leaders as influencers and persuaders?","",""],[30,"(c) and (d) (c) If not faith leaders, what are your other options for breaking the behavioral barriers?\n(d) Do you think it is ethically right for a civil servant to involve faith leaders in promoting government schemes?","20","Answer in 250"],[34,"(a) What are the issues involved in the above case?\n(b) What are the action options available to you?\na) What are the issues involved in the above case?\nb) What are the action options available to you?","",""],[35,"(d) What do you understand by dignity? Distinguish between human and social dignity? Identify the common dignity violations that one notices in government departments.","20","Answer in 250"],[40,"9 (a) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case? (50 words) 5 marks\n(b) Ethically analyze the company's position on paying damages and justify why/ why not the company should be liable for damages. (120 words) 10 marks.\n(c) What do you understand by the term moral responsibility? When do you think a person or an entity becomes morally responsible for actions committed or omitted? (80 words) 5 marks\na) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case? (50 words) 5 marks\nb) Ethically analyze the company's position on paying damages and justify why/ why not the company should be liable for damages. (120 words) 10 marks.\nc) What do you understand by the term moral responsibility? When do you think a person or an entity becomes morally responsible for actions committed or omitted? (80 words) 5 marks","",""],[45,"(a) उपरोक्त मामले में कौन से नैतिक मुद्दे और दुविधाएँ शामिल हैं?  \n(b) आपके पास कौन से विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?  \n(c) विकल्पों का विश्लेषण करने के बाद अपनी चुनी हुई कार्रवाई का चयन करें।  \n(d) उपरोक्त मामले में आपकी नैतिक प्रेरणा क्या होनी चाहिए? क्या यह कर्तव्य, दायित्व या परिणाम होना चाहिए?\na) उपरोक्त मामले में कौन से नैतिक मुद्दे और दुविधाएँ शामिल हैं?\nb) आपके पास कौन से विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\nc) विकल्पों का विश्लेषण करने के बाद अपनी चुनी हुई कार्रवाई का चयन करें।\nd) उपरोक्त मामले में आपकी नैतिक प्रेरणा क्या होनी चाहिए? क्या यह कर्तव्य, दायित्व या परिणाम होना चाहिए?","20 अंक","250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए"],[46,"(a) What are the ethical issues and dilemmas involved in the above case?\n(b) What are the options available to you?\n(c) Select your chosen course of action after analyzing the options.\n(d) What must be your moral motivation in the above case? Should it be duty, care, or consequences?\na) What are the ethical issues and dilemmas involved in the above case?\nb) What are the options available to you?\nc) Select your chosen course of action after analyzing the options.\nd) What must be your moral motivation in the above case? Should it be duty, care, or consequences?","20","Answer in 250"],[50,"11 You are a young police officer undergoing field training along with some of your batchmates. You and Vikas are spending two weeks in a police station learning the nitty gritty and nuances of field-level policing. Every day there was something new to learn.\n(a) उपरोक्त मामले में कौन से नैतिक मुद्दे शामिल हैं?\n(b) आपके अनुसार उपरोक्त मामले में सिद्धांत-उन्मुख और नियम-पालन करने वाले पुलिस कर्मियों को क्या करना चाहिए और क्यों? तर्क दीजिए।\n(c) आपके अनुसार सिविल सेवा में किसे प्राथमिकता दी जानी चाहिए, विभाग के प्रति निष्ठा, या अपने निर्णयों और सेवा मूल्यों में निष्पक्ष और गैर-पक्षपातपूर्ण होना? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए) 20 अंक","20 अंक","250 शब्दों में"],[51,"(a) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\n(b) What do you think principle-oriented and rule-abiding police personnel must do in the above case? Why? Justify\n(c) What do you think must assume priority in civil service, loyalty to the department, or being impartial and non-partisan in your decisions and service values?\na) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\nb) What do you think principle-oriented and rule-abiding police personnel must do in the above case? Why? Justify\nc) What do you think must assume priority in civil service, loyalty to the department, or being impartial and non-partisan in your decisions and service values?","20","Answer in 250"],[55,"(a) उपरोक्त मामले में कौन-कौन से मुद्दे शामिल हैं ?\n(b) क्या आप प्रवासी भारतीयों की मदद के बजाय अर्थनीति को प्राथमिकता देने के राजदूत के रुख से सहमत हैं? अगर हाँ तो क्यों, अगर नहीं तो क्यों नहीं ?\n(c) दायित्व, परिणामवाद और कर्तव्य के बीच, आपके अनुसार भारतीय विदेश नीति का मार्गदर्शन करने के लिए उपयुक्त परिप्रेक्ष्य क्या है? तर्क दीजिए। (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए) 20 अंक\na) उपरोक्त मामले में कौन-कौन से मुद्दे शामिल हैं ?\nb) क्या आप प्रवासी भारतीयों की मदद के बजाय अर्थनीति को प्राथमिकता देने के राजदूत के रुख से सहमत हैं? अगर हाँ तो क्यों, अगर नहीं तो क्यों नहीं ?\nc) दायित्व, परिणामवाद और कर्तव्य के बीच, आपके अनुसार भारतीय विदेश नीति का मार्गदर्शन करने के लिए उपयुक्त परिप्रेक्ष्य क्या है? तर्क दीजिए। (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए) 20 अंक","20 अंक","250 शब्दों में"],[56,"(a) What are the issues involved in the above case?\n(b) Do you agree with the Ambassador's position of prioritizing economics over helping the diaspora? Why/why not?\n(c) Among Care, Consequentialism, and Duty, what do you think is the appropriate perspective to guide Indian Foreign policy? Justify.\na) What are the issues involved in the above case?\nb) Do you agree with the Ambassador's position of prioritizing economics over helping the diaspora? Why/why not?\nc) Among Care, Consequentialism, and Duty, what do you think is the appropriate perspective to guide Indian Foreign policy? Justify.","20","Answer in 250"]]},{"i":473,"t":"Kush Motwani","c":"Nextias","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":11,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/93393beb2b7e996905ce7ea7f8b78443/59/air-11-kush-motwani_test-4_gs4.pdf","q":[[2,"1. (a) Public service requires not merely legal but also morally principled action. Public service requires the public servant to place loyalty to the constitution, laws, and ethical principles. Among the three, which do you think must acquire primacy while carrying out official functions? Why? Discuss.","10","150"],[4,"1. (b) What do you understand by \"integrity-based civil disobedience\"? Do you think a challenge to personal integrity can be a justifiable cause for responsible disobedience in civil services? Explain.","10","150"],[6,"2. (a) Recent research has shown that emotions significantly impact personal and professional lives. What are the primary emotions that negatively and positively impact workplace productivity? Explain with relevant examples.","10","Answer in 150"],[8,"2 (b) Technical efficiency ensures resource utilization and social efficiency ensures fulfillment of social needs, what does ethical efficiency ensure? Do you think ethical efficiency is more important than technical and social efficiency? Why/Why not?","10","Answer in 150"],[10,"3 (a) \"Man cannot do right in one department of life whilst he is occupied in doing wrong in any other department.\" Gandhi.\nDo you think an individual's personal ethics impacts professional life or they both can be compartmentalized? Explain your position with relevant examples.","10","150"],[12,"3. (b) Goodness is the result of internal imperatives to do what is right, not sanctions from moral rules or rewards from expected consequences. Do you agree? Discuss.","10","150"],[14,"4. (a) Explain the meaning of the following quotations and discuss their contemporary relevance.\n(a) \"To tolerate is purely an act of the mind. That is the essence of virtue. To tolerate is a strength.\"","10","150"],[16,"4. (b) \"It is our first duty to serve society, and after we have done that, we may attend wholly to the salvation of our souls.\" (Answer in 150 words) 10 Marks","10","150"],[18,"4. (c) \"Periods of peace are the empty pages in the history books\" (Answer in 150 words) 10 Marks","10","150"],[20,"5 (a) In the context of civil service, distinguish between moral and nonmoral values. Identify 5 basic moral values that can serve as foundational values for all services irrespective of the department. Give reasons why those values can be considered foundational.","10","150"],[22,"5. (b) Citizens' involvement in decision-making is critical to ethics in governance. Do you agree that effective civic engagement mechanisms can facilitate an ethics-driven administration? What do you think are the mechanisms that citizens can use for ensuring ethics in governance?","10","150"],[24,"6. (a) Social transformation programs such as \"beti bachao and beti padhao\" believes in using advice, counseling, and persuasion but sometimes a little force is also necessary for getting the desired response. Do you think it is a good idea to mix little force with persuasion by public administrators while implementing social schemes of transformation? Explain with relevant examples.","10","150"],[26,"6 (b) Ultimately foreign policy of every country hinges upon the strength which the nation possesses. Strength may be military or financial and may be also... moral. Do you think ethical strength without military or financial muscle will be respected in today's world? Explain your position.","10","150"],[28,"7 You are a young officer working with the Municipal Corporation of an industrial city. The city was known for manufacturing ball bearings and auto parts. Most manufacturing units were small-scale units with very little production process automation. The units relied on manual labor, which was in abundance due to the villages close by.\nAs the number of manufacturing units grew, the demand for labor increased, bringing in a steady inflow of laborers into the city. This influx of people into the town led to a mushrooming of slums and encroachments on the sidewalks. Once in a while, the Corporation conducted drives to clear out the slums, but after a time, the slums came back. The illegal slums had become an urban nightmare.\nYou were given the responsibility of clearing out the encroachments and slums with the help of Police authorities. As you started the drive, you realized that the people living by the sidewalks were vulnerable compared to the slum dwellers. Many sidewalk dwellers had recently come to the city after selling their properties in their villages. Now if you drive them out, they have no place to go. Your heart went out to them, and you felt that your departmental action was inhumane, but your official responsibilities demanded stern impartial action. You are desperate to find a way to help the sidewalk dwellers without compromising your official duties.\n(a) What value conflicts do you notice in the above situation?\n(b) Can an administrator compromise the value of impartiality for empathy? Discuss.\n(c) What are the options available in the above situation?\n(d) Suggest viable solutions for tackling illegal slums and encroachments in urban areas.","20","Answer in 250"],[33,"8 A certain State government was running a welfare scheme for promoting safe motherhood among rural landless laborers' families. The scheme involves the transfer of funds to the beneficiaries to enable them to mitigate income loss due to maternal care responsibilities. Since its implementation, the scheme has done reasonably well on maternal health and economic indicators. You are the Director of the Department responsible for implementing and operating the scheme. Recently you have been receiving reports of welfare fraud being committed by families by producing fake bona fide. The families committed the fraud with the help of local officials responsible for scrutinizing the bona fide. You were concerned because the fraud was seriously undermining the scheme's efficiency. You called for a departmental meeting to discuss and find a solution to the problem. In the meeting, it was decided to merge several available government data sets such as Aadhar cards, voter ID cards, marriage certificates, birth certificates, bank details, and other personal assets. By merging all the data sets, the department would be able to develop the beneficiary's economic profile. And this will help the department scrutinize the documents and detect fraud. This was a comprehensive strategy, but it risked violating an individual's data privacy. As a Department head, you wanted to detect and prevent fraud, but at the same time, you were apprehensive about violating the Data privacy of the stakeholders.\n(a) What are the issues involved in the above case?\n(b) Do you think violating data privacy is justified to prevent welfare fraud? Why/ Why not?\n(c) What, according to you, can be the reasons for such welfare frauds happening in the country?\n(d) Are there any ways and means to prevent such fraud? Give your suggestions.","20","Answer in 250"],[35,"(b) Comparative of data privacy to prevent welfare fraud.","",""],[38,"9 You are posted in the Department of Mines, and one of your roles is to help your Department Head negotiate mining leases with private contractors. Recently, the state government demarcated a new mining zone and planned to invite bids for the mining blocks. You were instructed to oversee the bidding process and speed up the contract negotiations. As planned, the tenders were released, bids came in, and tenders were allocated as per the norms. All this happened at a breakneck speed. You wondered, why the hurry? But it was not your place to think and question; you quietly went about your work. As the contractors were about to start operations, you had to instruct them on environmental concerns to watch out for. And to do that, you read the environmental impact assessment report submitted by a consulting firm hired by the department. To your surprise, the report was shoddy and looked cooked up. You got suspicious and raised the issue with your Head, who politely instructed you to do what you were told, and he reminded you that the Department had revenue targets and was under pressure from the Ministry. After the meeting, you, on your own accord, did some digging and found out that the report was fraudulent and the mining activity that was about to start would lead to a massive environmental disaster which the State could not afford.\n(a) What are the issues and value violations you notice in the above case?\n(b) What are the options available to you?\n(c) Discuss the advantage and disadvantages of each option and identify your chosen course of action.\n(d) Do you think that environmental considerations are sometimes overrated at the cost of development?","20","Answer in 250"],[43,"10 (a) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\n(b) Do you think corporate businesses like GAMA should consider international ethics while promoting their business interests? If yes, why? If no, why not?\n(c) Do you think the social responsibility of a corporate extends beyond its immediate community to the international community? If yes, why? If no, why not?\n(d) Do you think defense manufacturing companies should be regulated by their respective governments or should their entrepreneurship and innovation be encouraged even if it reduces energy? Discuss.\na) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\nb) Do you think corporate businesses like GAMA should consider international ethics while promoting their business interests? If yes, why? If no, why not?\nc) Do you think the social responsibility of a corporate extends beyond its immediate community to the international community? If yes, why? If no, why not?\nd) Do you think defense manufacturing companies should be regulated by their respective governments or should their entrepreneurship and innovation be encouraged even if it reduces energy? Discuss.","20 अंक","250"],[44,"(b), (c), (d) (b) Do you think corporate businesses such as GAMA must consider international ethics while pursuing business interests? Why/why not?\n(c) Do you think a corporate's social responsibility extends beyond one's immediate community to the international community? Why/Why not?\n(d) Do you think the Defence sector companies marketing sensitive technologies must be regulated by their respective governments, or regulation may curtail their entrepreneurial and innovation energy? Discuss.","20","Answer in 250"],[48,"11 (a) इस मामले में कौन-कौन से नैतिक और व्यावसायिक मुद्दे शामिल हैं?  \n(b) श्री शर्मा और सीईओ के पास कौन-कौन से विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?  \n(c) क्या आपको लगता है कि बिक्री कार्यबल को स्वतंत्रता देने की संगठनात्मक संस्कृति के कारण समस्या उत्पन्न हुई या व्यक्ति की भ्रष्ट प्रवृत्ति के कारण समस्या उत्पन्न हुई? चर्चा कीजिए।  \n(d) जैसा कि इस मामले में बताया गया है, ऐसे अनैतिक व्यवहार को रोकने के लिए कंपनी कौन-कौन से नैतिक तंत्र और उपाय निर्माण और कार्यान्वित कर सकती है?\na) इस मामले में कौन-कौन से नैतिक और व्यावसायिक मुद्दे शामिल हैं?\nb) श्री शर्मा और सीईओ के पास कौन-कौन से विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\nc) क्या आपको लगता है कि बिक्री कार्यबल को स्वतंत्रता देने की संगठनात्मक संस्कृति के कारण समस्या उत्पन्न हुई या व्यक्ति की भ्रष्ट प्रवृत्ति के कारण समस्या उत्पन्न हुई? चर्चा कीजिए।\nd) जैसा कि इस मामले में बताया गया है, ऐसे अनैतिक व्यवहार को रोकने के लिए कंपनी कौन-कौन से नैतिक तंत्र और उपाय निर्माण और कार्यान्वित कर सकती है?","20 अंक","250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए"],[49,"(a) What are the ethical and business issues involved in the case?\n(b) What are the options available to Mr. Sharma and the CEO?\n(c) Do you think the organizational culture of giving freedom to the sales force led to the issue or was the individual's corrupt nature that led to the problem? Discuss.\n(d) What ethics mechanisms and steps can the company create and implement to prevent unethical behavior, as mentioned in the case? (Answer in 250 words) 20 marks\na) What are the ethical and business issues involved in the case?\nb) What are the options available to Mr. Sharma and the CEO?\nc) Do you think the organizational culture of giving freedom to the sales force led to the issue or was the individual's corrupt nature that led to the problem? Discuss.\nd) What ethics mechanisms and steps can the company create and implement to prevent unethical behavior, as mentioned in the case?","20","250"],[53,"12 (a) उपरोक्त मामले में कौन-कौन से मुद्दे शामिल हैं?\n(b) आपको क्या लगता है रश्मि को क्या करना चाहिए? क्या रश्मि के लिए स्थानीय प्रशासन को शामिल करना अच्छा विचार होगा? कार्यान्वयन योग्य कार्यवाही का सुझाव दीजिए।\n(c) क्या आपको लगता है कि कंपनियों को उस क्षेत्र की सामाजिक समस्याओं के लिए भी जिम्मेदारी स्वीकार करनी चाहिए जहाँ वे अपना कार्य करती हैं? अगर हाँ तो क्यों, अगर नहीं तो क्यों नहीं?\n(d) श्रमिक संघ की इतनी आक्रामक प्रतिक्रिया के क्या कारण हो सकते हैं? आपके अनुसार रश्मि को कर्मचारी संघ को कैसे संभालना चाहिए? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए) 20 अंक\na) उपरोक्त मामले में कौन-कौन से मुद्दे शामिल हैं?\nb) आपको क्या लगता है रश्मि को क्या करना चाहिए? क्या रश्मि के लिए स्थानीय प्रशासन को शामिल करना अच्छा विचार होगा? कार्यान्वयन योग्य कार्यवाही का सुझाव दीजिए।\nc) क्या आपको लगता है कि कंपनियों को उस क्षेत्र की सामाजिक समस्याओं के लिए भी जिम्मेदारी स्वीकार करनी चाहिए जहाँ वे अपना कार्य करती हैं? अगर हाँ तो क्यों, अगर नहीं तो क्यों नहीं?\nd) श्रमिक संघ की इतनी आक्रामक प्रतिक्रिया के क्या कारण हो सकते हैं? आपके अनुसार रश्मि को कर्मचारी संघ को कैसे संभालना चाहिए? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए) 20 अंक","20 अंक","250 शब्दों में"],[54,"(a) What are the issues involved in the above case?\n(b) What do you think Rashmi should do? Would it be a good idea for Rashmi to involve local administration? Suggest an implementable course of action.\n(c) Do you think companies should also accept responsibility for the social problems of the region where they operate? Why/why not?\n(d) What could be the reasons for such an aggressive reaction from the workers union? How do you think Rashmi should handle the workers union?\na) What are the issues involved in the above case?\nb) What do you think Rashmi should do? Would it be a good idea for Rashmi to involve local administration? Suggest an implementable course of action.\nc) Do you think companies should also accept responsibility for the social problems of the region where they operate? Why/why not?\nd) What could be the reasons for such an aggressive reaction from the workers union? How do you think Rashmi should handle the workers union?","20","Answer in 250"]]},{"i":475,"t":"Lakshay Aggarwal","c":"Forumias","p":"Essay","y":2025,"r":164,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/LAKSHAY-AGGARWAL-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-164-Sample-Essay-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"1. You are the master of your conscience and you are the ruler of your destiny.\n2. The inability to see potential in others is the greatest disability\n3. Men are governed only by serving them.\n4. Desires cannot be contrary to nature since it was given to man by nature itself","",""],[16,"1. Technology and inclusion go hand in hand in eliminating barriers","",""]]},{"i":476,"t":"Lakshay Aggarwal","c":"Forumias","p":"GS1","y":2025,"r":164,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/LAKSHAY-AGGARWAL-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-164-Sample-MGP-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) \"Nalanda is a symbol of India's academic heritage and vibrant cultural exchange\". Elucidate with special references to foreign travelers' accounts.","10","150"],[5,"Q-2) The period of Delhi Sultans witnessed the emergence of Indo-Persian culture. Discuss the statement with reference to developments in the fields of literature, art and architecture.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) Give a brief account of the contributions of early nationalists to the Indian freedom struggle.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) The Vaikom Satyagraha marked a historic milestone in India's fight against social injustice, demonstrating the power of non-violent resistance in dismantling oppressive caste barriers. Explain.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) The Oslo Accords, once hailed as a landmark diplomatic achievement, failed to address key issues, highlighting the challenges of achieving lasting peace between Israel and Palestine. Analyse.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) What are Northern and Southern lights? Explain the phenomenon and discuss their associated impacts on Earth's atmosphere and human activities.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) Identifying the major automobile clusters in India, enumerate the favourable factors for the location of the automobile industry.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8 \"India's diversity is her greatest strength.\" In light of the statement, explain how diversity has enriched and strengthened Indian society.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9) Critically examine the effects of globalization on the youth in India.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10 The recognition of LGBTQ rights in India marks significant progress, but the journey towards full societal integration and acceptance remains arduous, necessitating a profound socio-cultural shift. Elaborate.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11 Throw light upon the importance of seals and sealings in the reconstruction of socio-economic and religious life of the Harappan people. Also, explain why many of the known Harappan settlements are in semi-arid regions.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12) Describe the significance of the Dandi March (1930) as the starting point of the Civil Disobedience Movement. Also, discuss the national and international reactions to the Dandi March and the Salt Satyagraha.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 Give a reasoned account of the distribution of deserts across the earth with the help of relevant examples.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 Discuss the impact of local winds on their associated regions, citing examples from different parts of the world.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15) Rare Earths Elements (REE) are considered as 'Vitamins of Modern Industry'. In this context, bring out the multi-dimensional implications of uneven distribution of REE in the world.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16 Describe the various factors that influence ocean currents and discuss their multi-dimensional impact.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 Briefly explain the process of tide formation and differentiate between tides and waves.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 While social media facilitates unprecedented connectivity and self-expression, it can also widen social crevices and fractures. In this context, examine the impact of social media on Indian society.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 \"The regionalism in India is both a response to the failures in addressing regional aspirations and as an assertion of socio-cultural identity in the face of perceived marginalization.\" Comment.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 Explain how traditional gender roles and responsibilities exacerbate the vulnerability of women to extreme heat conditions. Suggest strategies to mitigate these vulnerabilities.","15","250"]]},{"i":477,"t":"Lakshay Aggarwal","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2025,"r":164,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/LAKSHAY-AGGARWAL-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-164-Sample-MGP-Copy-2.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) The Indian Constitution does not embody a strict separation of powers rather it introduces a system of checks and balances, with overlapping functions and interdependencies among the legislature, executive, and judiciary. Elaborate.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Recently, the Supreme Court has expanded the scope of Articles 14 and 21 to include the \"right against the adverse effects of climate change\". In this context, citing relevant case laws, discuss the role played by Indian judiciary in 'constitutionalization' of environmental issues.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3 The Speaker's inclination to cater to party loyalties often undermines the dignity and impartiality of the office, eroding public trust in the legislative process. Analyse with the help of recent examples.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) Assess the effectiveness of SEBI in fulfilling its envisaged role of regulating the securities market, ensuring transparency, and protecting investors' interests.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) The foundational strength of the Indian Constitution stems from its ability to integrate diverse socio-political perspectives. Elucidate.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) Parliamentary committees serve as vital tools for legislative oversight, ensuring accountability and transparency in governance processes. In light of the statement, examine the role of the Public Accounts Committee in establishing financial accountability of the executive.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) Without addressing the issues that hinder the full and effective participation of persons with disabilities in political and public life, the goal of achieving inclusiveness and their empowerment will remain unattainable. Analyze.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) What roles do community-based interventions play in enhancing access to preventive and promotive healthcare services in India?","10","150"],[19,"Q.9) The current composition of the UNSC, with under-representation and un-representation of key regions is detrimental to its legitimacy and effectiveness, underscoring the urgent need for reforms. Elaborate. Also, present a case for India's permanent membership in the UNSC.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10 \"The ongoing internal crisis in Myanmar is impeding India's Act East Policy.\" In light of the statement, discuss the measures taken by India to deal with the crisis and associated challenges.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11 \"The Basic Structure Doctrine, lauded for safeguarding the core principles of the Constitution against majoritarian impulses, is also criticized for enabling judicial overreach and disturbing the balance of power as envisioned by the Constitution.\" Elaborate.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12) Enumerate the salient features of Representation of People's Act, 1951. In your opinion, what amendments are needed in the Act to further the cause of free and fair elections in light of contemporary challenges.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 The cooperative nature of Indian federalism is being increasingly challenged by emerging differences in Centre-State relations. Discuss. What steps can be taken to strengthen the cooperative spirit of Indian federalism?","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 Parliamentary privileges are fundamental for lawmakers to discharge their duties without undue influence. However, ensuring the responsible exercise of these privileges is crucial for fostering public trust and ensuring the accountability of public institutions. Analyse.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 The Constitution of India provides several rights that empower the individual, yet it balances these freedoms with reasonable restrictions in the larger public interest. Discuss how constitutional restrictions on fundamental rights strike a fine balance between individual interests and societal interests. Also, mention the principles that are considered in evaluating the reasonableness of restrictions with reference case laws.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16 Self-Help Groups (SHGs) can play a crucial role in alleviating rural poverty by providing women with access to microfinance, enabling them to start small businesses and improve their livelihoods. Examine.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 Despite the implementation of numerous policies and schemes aimed at combating hunger and malnutrition in the country, their effectiveness remains limited. Analyse.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 The true test of good governance is the degree to which it ensures accountability towards citizens and delivers on the promise of sustainable and inclusive human development. Discuss in the context of challenges to good governance in India.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 As the principal judicial organ of the United Nations, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) provides a judicial mechanism for the peaceful resolution of international disputes. In this context, throw light on the structure and mandate of ICJ. Also, highlight the challenges it faces in fulfilling its mandate.","15","15"],[50,"Q.20 Geopolitical shifts pose challenges to India-Russia relations, yet the relationship remains robust, driven by deep-rooted trust and a shared commitment to sustain a multifaceted strategic partnership. Analyse.","15","250"]]},{"i":478,"t":"Lakshay Aggarwal","c":"Forumias","p":"GS3","y":2025,"r":164,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/LAKSHAY-AGGARWAL-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-164-Sample-MGP-Copy-3.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) Why has there been an increased focus on negotiating, renegotiating and concluding Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) by India in recent years?","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) A well-designed fiscal policy can serve as a vital instrument to facilitate the equitable distribution of resources and ensure the welfare of all sections of society. Elaborate.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) What are the primary factors contributing to India's significant reliance on imported edible oils? What measures do you suggest to increase domestic production and to reduce India's reliance on imported edible oils?","10","150"],[9,"Q.4 With the growing water crisis in India, micro irrigation offers a sustainable solution for water conservation; however, its adoption remains skewed and below its potential. Discuss.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) The recurring railway accidents highlight the urgent necessity for addressing the myriad challenges related to safety, undercapacity and lack of modernization within Indian Railways. Analyse.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6 How does NISAR mission exemplify international cooperation in space exploration and scientific research? In what ways will it help in climate change monitoring and natural hazard management?","10","150"],[15,"Q.7 Nuclear technology can play a transformative role in enhancing food security and agricultural sustainability. Discuss.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) Increasing frequency of forest fires in India underscores the urgent need for sustainable forest management practices. In light of the statement, bring out the causes and multidimensional impact of forest fires. Also, suggest measures for their prevention and management.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9 What reasons can be attributed to the recent surge in terror related violence in Jammu and Kashmir? What strategies would you suggest to counter it?","10","150"],[21,"Q.10) In the light of recent events, throw light on the possible implications of 'cyber slavery' on internal security of India","10","150"],[23,"Q.11 \"The liberalization policies of 1991 significantly enhanced India's economic dynamism, but the evolving global and domestic landscape necessitates 'Reforms 2.0' for sustained economic development and prosperity.\" Comment","15","250"],[26,"Infrastructure development is not just for economic transformation but also for sustainable development and societal well-being. Elaborate with examples.","15","250"],[35,"Q15 Biotechnology for achieving sustainable food production, efficient waste management and significant advancements in human health. Elucidate.","15","250"],[38,"3 Tail Climate Change is leading to significant alterations in ecosystems, resulting in cascading effects on biodiversity, ecosystem services, and human livelihoods, necessitating integrated approaches to conservation and climate adaptation. Analyse.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 Urban areas, often referred to as the cradle of civilization and growth engines, are increasingly experiencing various natural and man-made disasters. Discuss in the Indian context. Also, suggest suitable mitigation and management strategies.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 India's disaster management framework has made significant progress in the 21st century, yet challenges persist in ensuring timely response and effective coordination during crises. Comment.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 Explain how the symbiotic relationship between organised crime and terrorism further aggravates the threats emerging from it? What steps can be taken to address this linkage and the threats","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 Strengthening security apparatus in border areas and forging developmental partnerships with the locals are essential components of a robust and effective border management strategy. Discuss, with initiatives taken by the government in this regard.","15","250"]]},{"i":479,"t":"Lakshay Aggarwal","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":2025,"r":164,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/LAKSHAY-AGGARWAL-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-164-Sample-MGP-Copy-4.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) Ethics in private life may reflect personal beliefs; in public life, they must uphold legal and societal norms. Discuss the contrasting ways in which ethical principles operate in private and public relations.","10","150"],[5,"b) Despite legal provisions, instances of sexual violence against women continue to rise. How can a \"change in attitude\" address this issue?","10","150"],[7,"Q.2) a) Do you agree with the utilitarian principle that 'the greatest happiness of the greatest number' should guide decision-making and public policy formulation?","10","150"],[9,"b) The development of an individual's values is a multifaceted process, involving engagement of diverse institutions such as family, society, and educational establishments. Discuss with examples.","10","150"],[11,"Q.3) What does each of the following quotations mean to you?\na) \"Experience is the only teacher we have. We may talk and reason all our lives, but we shall not understand a word of truth, until we experience it ourselves\". Swami Vivekananda","10","150"],[13,"b) \"Love and compassion are necessities, not luxuries. Without them, humanity cannot survive.\" Dalai Lama","10","150"],[15,"c) \"Non-violence is the greatest force at the disposal of mankind. It is mightier than the mightiest weapon of destruction devised by the ingenuity of man.\" Mahatma Gandhi","10","150"],[17,"Q.4) a) The balance between laws and conscience is delicate; when synchronized, they promote ethical conduct, but their discord can give rise to significant ethical dilemmas. Illustrate with examples","10","150"],[19,"b) \"Good governance is not only about rules and regulations but also the character and conduct of those who govern.\" Discuss.","10","150"],[21,"Q.5) a) \"In the realm of international relations, ethics often takes a backseat to national interest, which primarily drives foreign policy decisions.\" Critically examine.","10","150"],[23,"b) The essence of business is profit, but it must be achieved through responsible and sustainable practices. Elaborate.","10","150"],[25,"Q.6) a) What are the ethical concerns associated with Artificial Intelligence? How can ethics help in resolving them?","10","150"],[27,"b) While some argue that values are influenced by temporal and situational factors, others uphold the belief in timeless and universal human values. What is your opinion in this regard? Justify your answer.","10","150"],[29,"Q.7 a) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the case study.\nb) As the DEO and DM, what short-term and long-term measures would you take to ensure maximum voter turnout?\na) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the case study.\nb) As the DEO and DM, what short-term and long-term measures would you take to ensure maximum voter turnout?","20","250"],[30,"a) केस स्टडी में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा करें।\nb) DEO और DM के रूप में, अधिकतम मतदाताओं द्वारा मतदान सुनिश्चित करने के लिए आप कौन से अल्पकालिक और दीर्घकालिक उपाय करेंगे?","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[35,"Q.8 a) What are the reasons for increasing incidents of cyber bullying among children? What role can parents play in shielding their children from the effects of cyber-bullying? b) Discuss the responsibility of educational institutions to check the incidents of cyber-bullying. c) What ethical issues are involved in the use of social media by children?\na) What are the reasons for increasing incidents of cyber bullying among children? What role can parents play in shielding their children from the effects of cyber-bullying?\nb) Discuss the responsibility of educational institutions to check the incidents of cyber-bullying.\nc) What ethical issues are involved in the use of social media by children?","20","250"],[36,"a) Reason for increasing cyber-bullying\n1) Easy access to social media. 1/3rd school children had access to social media in urban India - NITI data\n2) Decline in ethical studies. Focus on technical disciplines have made us insensitive.\n3) Issue of increasing social media hate: trolling of celebrities, deplatforming of Rashmika Mandana.\n4) Lack of punitive action. No accountability of social media platform. Lackadaisical implementation of cyber laws. Ill defined IT rules on cyber crime and bullying.\n5) Rising mobocracy. Mob justice, jumping onto conclusions and lack of critical thinking.","",""],[40,"Q.9 EduLab Pvt. Ltd. is a globally renowned Ed-tech company known for its online products. Recently, it faced significant challenges despite the substantial growth in the online education sector driven by technological advancements such as the adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI). The company reported unprecedented net losses, prompting a comprehensive overhaul of its operations to streamline processes and improve efficiency. To address these financial challenges, the company decided to incorporate new technologies, including AI and automation. This strategic shift led to the decision to lay off almost 10% of its workforce. It was also a cost-cutting measure aimed at reducing expenditure on human resources and reign in the mounting losses. Following the layoffs, the company made headlines by giving substantial bonuses to its senior management. They also signed a high-profile sports personality as their brand ambassador with a multimillion-dollar contract. Reports indicated continued excessive spending on first-class travel and generous salaries for senior officers, casting doubt on the company’s claims of financial strain. The abrupt manner in which the layoffs were executed left many employees in distress. Concerns arose over their financial obligations, such as EMIs, school fees, and caregiving responsibilities. Media coverage highlighted grievances from laid-off employees regarding contractual obligations that were allegedly ignored. The absence of any severance packages or formal notices further compounded their anxiety. While the owner of EduLab Pvt. Ltd. issued an apology to the affected employees, the handling of the layoffs was criticized for its perceived insensitivity and lack of transparency. The incident sparked widespread public debate and scrutiny, underscoring broader concerns about corporate responsibility and ethical practices in the face of technological disruptions and industry transitions.\na) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case study?\nb) How can ethics in corporate governance contribute to organizational resilience during periods of economic downturn or technological disruption?","20","250"],[45,"2) You are the Chairman of a Coastal Development Authority of a state, tasked with preparing a Detailed Project Report (DPR) of construction of a coastal highway. It is an ambitious project aimed to enhance connectivity and promote tourism in the scenic coastal region of the state. The initial DPR, meticulously crafted by your team, prioritizes minimizing environmental impact by utilizing existing government land and adhering to stringent guidelines on land acquisition and compensation for affected stakeholders. The proposed route ensures minimal disruption to local fishing communities and preserves critical coastal habitats. However, challenges arise when a wealthy real estate developer, with ties to influential policymakers, proposes a significant alteration to the highway route. He suggests moving the highway closer to a resort he plans to develop, arguing that it would spur tourism and economic growth in the area. In exchange, he offers to facilitate the acquisition of beachfront property at a nominal rate for your family, highlighting it as a mutually beneficial arrangement. This proposed realignment would require acquiring privately owned coastal lands, displacing traditional fishing communities, and potentially disturbing fragile marine ecosystems. Moreover, it would involve the removal of significant coastal vegetation, impacting local biodiversity and the natural beauty of the region.\nUnder the given conditions, what are the options available to you? Critically examine each of the options.\nb) What course of action would you adopt to navigate the situation and why?","20","20"],[50,"Q.11 Nitish is an aspiring civil servant. One day, while reading the newspaper, he came across an article about a demolition drive. In a large Indian city, the state government had launched a significant urban reclamation project aimed at restoring the banks of a heavily polluted river. The river, which flows through a densely populated area, had become severely degraded due to illegal encroachments and industrial pollution. Over several decades, thousands of families had settled along the riverbanks, constructing homes, shops, and factories without proper authorization. The river had long been a dumping ground for industrial waste from other parts of the city, contributing to severe pollution. Environmentalists have time and again emphasized the need for a comprehensive clean-up and sustainable development plan.\n\nTo rejuvenate the river and its surroundings, the state government initiated a comprehensive demolition drive to remove the illegal constructions. The project aimed not only to restore the river's natural ecosystem but also to develop the area into an eco-tourism destination.\n\nThe demolition faced strong resistance from the residents, including appeals and protests in front of local authorities. Many residents, claiming that they had settled with the tacit approval of administration, hold the administration itself responsible for the issue. Some of them approached the courts to halt the demolition. The blame-game has erupted between the opposition and ruling parties in the state over the matter. Most of the affected residents belonged to marginalized sections of society, raising concerns about their displacement and livelihood.\n\nNitish, who himself comes from a family of limited means, sat there, reflecting on the pain of the people who had invested their life savings to build their homes and businesses. The drive disrupted thriving local commerce and displaced thousands of families. He questioned whether uprooting established communities by the demolition of residential and commercial properties was justified in a country where millions of people are homeless, poor, and have meager savings.\na) Discuss the ethical issues in this case.\nb) How far do you think Nitish's thinking is justified? Discuss by assessing the merits and demerits.\nc) As an outsider, what measures would you suggest to prevent such situations and manage the interests of all stakeholders?","20","250"],[56,"Q.12 Rahul belongs to a wealthy and influential business family. On his 17th birthday, he threw a party for his friends at a famous club in the city. The celebration continued late into the night, where everyone enjoyed themselves. After the party, Rahul bid goodbye to his friends and decided to drive home. He was driving his high-end SUV and, while speeding for fun, he lost control of the car while negotiating a sharp turn. The car collided with a bike coming from the opposite direction. The two occupants of the bike died on the spot, while Rahul escaped with minor bruises on his face and knees. The police arrived at the scene, detained Rahul, and took him to the hospital for a preliminary medical check-up. The families of the deceased were informed, and the bodies were sent for autopsy. After the initial legal formalities, Rahul was presented before the Juvenile Justice Board. The Board granted him bail on lenient terms that included writing a 300-word essay on road safety. This decision sparked outrage, but the situation escalated when a video of Rahul and his friends consuming alcohol in the club emerged and went viral on social media. As the case became the talk of the city, an investigative report by a leading daily unveiled further shocking details. The report revealed that Rahul's father had attempted to mislead the police by falsely claiming that the family driver was at the wheel during the accident. Initial actions by the police suggested preferential treatment towards Rahul, including delays in filing the FIR and later registering it under lenient provisions of the law. The investigative report also highlighted the involvement of medical staff in manipulating and tampering with evidence in exchange for inducements from Rahul's father. Rahul's blood samples were replaced with those of another person which had no traces of alcohol. Furthermore, the local MLA, who is the brother of State Home Minister and close to Rahul's family, reportedly intervened to influence police and judicial proceedings in favor of the juvenile. The city is gripped by a sense of injustice as details of corruption, collusion, and manipulation unfold, revealing the lengths to which those in power can conspire and make a mockery of laws, institutions, and principles of justice. You are the SP of the district where the entire incident occurred. Prima facie, the facts highlighted in the newspaper's investigative report appear to be correct. However, due to the involvement of the local MLA and the political connections of Rahul's father, you are facing pressure from higher authorities to manipulate the investigation and acquit Rahul. Additionally, the MLA has promised a 'plum posting' if you hush up the matter, and your promotion is also due soon. Meanwhile, the families of the victims, along with the public, are demanding accountability and justice.\na) As the SP of the district, examine the options available to you. What course of action would you take and why?\nb) How might the actions of Rahul's father influence his perception of personal responsibility and societal obligations?","20","250"],[57,"a) जिले के पुलिस अधीक्षक के रूप में, आपके पास उपलब्ध विकल्पों की जांच करें। आप क्या कदम उठाएंगे और क्यों?\nb) राहुल के पिता के कार्यों से उनकी व्यक्तिगत जिम्मेदारी और सामाजिक दायित्वों की धारणा पर क्या प्रभाव पड़ सकता है?\n(20 अंक, 250 शब्द)\na) जिले के पुलिस अधीक्षक के रूप में, आपके पास उपलब्ध विकल्पों की जांच करें। आप क्या कदम उठाएंगे और क्यों?\nb) राहुल के पिता के कार्यों से उनकी व्यक्तिगत जिम्मेदारी और सामाजिक दायित्वों की धारणा पर क्या प्रभाव पड़ सकता है?","20 अंक","250 शब्द"]]},{"i":480,"t":"Lavanya Gaur","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2024,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/LAVANYA-GAUR-UPSC-2024-Rank-57-AWFG-Sample-Copy-3.pdf","q":[[1,"Q.1) Lokpal and Lokayuktas were envisaged to strengthen the legal and institutional mechanism to ensure cleanliness in public life. Critically examine their role as anti-corruption watchdogs.","10","150"],[2,"Q.6) What do you understand by the First Past the Post System (FPPS)? Why was FPPS preferred over the Proportional Representation (PR) system for elections to the Lok Sabha/Vidhan Sabha? Also, critically examine the consequences of this preference.","15","250"]]},{"i":481,"t":"Lavanya Gaur","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2024,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/LAVANYA-GAUR-UPSC-2024-Rank-57-AWFG-Sample-Copy.pdf","q":[[17,"How P.G. keep the govt. response to wishes of community","",""]]},{"i":482,"t":"Liza Garga","c":"Forumias","p":"Essay","y":2025,"r":303,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/LIZA-GARGA-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-303-Sample-ESSAY-Copy.pdf","q":[[3,"1. WE CANNOT SOLVE OUR PROBLEMS WITH THE SAME THINKING WE USED WHEN WE CREATED THEM","",""],[18,"Are behaviours innate to people or can it be acquired?","",""]]},{"i":484,"t":"Liza Garga","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2025,"r":303,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/LIZA-GARGA-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-303-Sample-MGP-COPY-2.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) Rising influence of money power in Indian elections poses a serious challenge to transparency, fairness, and democratic accountability. How can ethical electoral funding be ensured to maintain the integrity of democracy?","10","150"],[5,"b) Explain the key dimensions of ethics that influence human behaviour. How do these dimensions shape ethical decision-making in private life?","10","150"],[7,"Q.2) a) \"Academic freedom is the bedrock of scholarly inquiry and intellectual progress.\" Examine the ethical issues that arise when educational institutions yield to political, social, or economic pressures and compromises academic freedom.","10","150"],[9,"6) Fortitude enables a civil servant to make difficult yet morally right decisions. Explain with reference to real-life examples.","10","150"],[11,"Q.3) Given below are the three quotations of great thinkers. What do each of these quotations convey to you in the present context?\na) \"When learning is purposeful, creativity blossoms. When creativity blossoms, thinking emanates. When thinking emanates, knowledge is fully lit. When knowledge is lit, the economy flourishes.\" - Abdul Kalam","10","150"],[13,"b) \"The difference between what we do and what we are capable of doing would suffice to solve most of the world's problems.\" - Mahatma Gandhi","10","150"],[15,"c) \"Love and compassion are necessities, not luxuries. Without them, humanity cannot survive.\" - Dalai Lama","10","150"],[17,"Q.4) a) What do you understand by the term 'probity in governance'? Explain how probity acts as the foundation of ethical public administration.","10","150"],[19,"b) \"Starvation must not be used as a weapon of war.\" Yet, parties involved in conflicts often resort to the blockade of food and medical aid to civilians in conflict zones, deepening the humanitarian crisis. Powerful nations, despite their capacity to intervene, tend to prioritise strategic interests over humanitarian concerns. What ethical considerations should guide powerful nations in preventing such actions and ensuring unimpeded humanitarian access?","10","150"],[21,"Q.5) a) What teachings of Mahavira are most relevant today and why? Discuss.","10","150"],[23,"b) \"In contemporary times, social media platforms have emerged as powerful agents in shaping individual and societal attitudes.\" Do you agree with this view? Justify your answer.","10","150"],[25,"Q.6) a) What do you understand by the 'voice of conscience'? In what ways can you prepare yourself to listen to the voice of conscience?","10","150"],[27,"b) Examine the reasons for under-utilization and mis-utilization of public funds and their implications.","10","150"],[29,"Q.7) A rail overbridge (ROB) is being planned in the capital city of a central Indian state. The project aims to reduce traffic congestion and ease delays at railway crossings, which affect thousands of daily commuters. It had been a long-standing demand of local residents, and the government approved it to address persistent traffic bottlenecks in the area. The project is to be executed by the State Public Works Department (PWD), with a strict completion deadline of one year i.e. 31st July 2026. The PWD Minister, who is also the local MLA, is scheduled to inaugurate the project in the third week of August 2026. This is planned to take place shortly before the expected announcement of state elections. Ramesh has been selected as the project manager of this prestigious assignment on the basis of his professional competence and experience.\n\nWhile reviewing the approved design plans in preparation for execution, Ramesh identifies a serious flaw. The proposed alignment includes a sharp 90-degree turn, incorporated due to spatial constraints between an electrified railway line on one side and ongoing metro construction on the other. From a technical standpoint, Ramesh believes the design is unsafe. It increases the risk of vehicular accidents, especially for heavy vehicles, and may lead to long-term inconvenience for road users.\n\nRamesh promptly raises the issue with the Chief Engineer. However, the Chief Engineer overrules the concern. He states that the General Arrangement Drawing (GAD) has already been approved by the Bridge Engineering Department, in coordination with Indian Railways. He points out that revisiting the design at this stage shall result in project delays, increased expenditure and unwanted political attention.\n\nSubsequently, Ramesh comes to know that the contractor awarded the tender to execute the project is a close relative of the PWD Minister. He also receives unofficial communication suggesting that his promotion to Additional Chief Engineer is under active consideration, but could be jeopardised if he creates \"unnecessary hurdles\" in the project's timely completion.\n\nThe incumbent state government is eager to complete the overbridge before the elections and present it as a major developmental achievement. This adds to the pressure on Ramesh to expedite project execution without raising further objections. Nonetheless, he remains convinced that the current design is flawed and could have grave implications for public safety if left unaddressed.\n\nMeanwhile, the bridge design has also attracted widespread public attention after being published in a leading local newspaper. Images of the sharp 90-degree turn went viral on social media, drawing criticism and ridicule. Several engineering experts have publicly flagged the alignment as a potential safety hazard, reinforcing Ramesh's concerns.\na) Under the given conditions, what are the options available to Ramesh as a project manager?\nb) What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by Ramesh?\nc) What are the professional challenges likely to be faced by Ramesh and his response to overcome such challenges?","20","20"],[30,"a) दी गई परिस्थितियों में, एक परियोजना प्रबंधक के रूप में रमेश के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\nb) रमेश को किन नैतिक दुविधाओं का सामना करना पड़ रहा है?\nc) रमेश को किन व्यावसायिक चुनौतियों का सामना करना पड़ सकता है तथा ऐसी चुनौतियों पर नियंत्रण पाने के लिए उसकी क्या प्रतिक्रिया होनी चाहिए?\na) दी गई परिस्थितियों में, एक परियोजना प्रबंधक के रूप में रमेश के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\nb) रमेश को किन नैतिक दुविधाओं का सामना करना पड़ रहा है?\nc) रमेश को किन व्यावसायिक चुनौतियों का सामना करना पड़ सकता है तथा ऐसी चुनौतियों पर नियंत्रण पाने के लिए उसकी क्या प्रतिक्रिया होनी चाहिए?","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[34,"Q.8) Srushti is a young and dynamic IPS officer, posted as Assistant Superintendent of Police (ASP) in a communally sensitive district. Her husband, Arjun, is an IAS officer and posted as Sub-Divisional Magistrate (SDM) in the same district. Both are honest, sincere and deeply committed to their work. They have a daughter who is just four months old, and is looked after by a domestic helper. Srushti resumed duty just two weeks ago after six months of maternity leave.\nAt 9 PM on Saturday night, Srushti is in her office reviewing the security arrangements with her team for an upcoming local festival. The situation in the area has been tense throughout the week due to a flare-up between two communities over a petty issue. Around 9:30 PM, she gets a call from the Superintendent of Police. He asks her to prepare a detailed law and order brief for a high-level meeting the next morning.\nSrushti reaches home at 10 PM, feeling exhausted. She has not been getting proper sleep during the week due to frequent night patrolling. Arjun also returns around the same time after a long day in the field. Their daughter has been unwell and cried through most of the previous night. Arjun expresses concern about Srushti's heavy workload and the baby's condition. He tells her that she can not keep pushing herself like this and that the child needs more of her attention. Srushti replies that she cannot afford to step back. She adds that people are already judging her and questioning her commitment to work for availing maternity leave. The conversation gradually turns into an argument. Arjun feels Srushti is ignoring her health and family, while Srushti feels judged and unsupported.\nLater that night, as Srushti sits at her desk preparing the report, she pauses and reflects on the purpose of her work. She had joined the IPS to serve the people and protect the vulnerable. But now, she wonders if she is being fair to her own child and family. Even as recently as last week, she had to cancel the family dinner as she had to attend an urgent meeting at the SP office. She also feels the weight of expectations. Male officers with children are rarely questioned. But as a new mother, she is constantly under scrutiny. Many in the department believe that women, especially new mothers, are not suitable for field duty.\nSrushti starts thinking about her options. She knows that whatever decision she makes will not only impact her own future but also influence the expectations placed on other working mothers in uniform.\na) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\nb) Evaluate the options available to Srushti in the above situation.\nc) What suggestions would you make to help officers like Srushti maintain a healthy work-life balance.","20","20"],[35,"a) उपर्युक्त मामले में नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं?\nb) उपरोक्त स्थिति में सृष्टि के लिए उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन करें।\nc) सृष्टि जैसे अधिकारियों को स्वस्थ कार्य-जीवन संतुलन बनाए रखने में मदद करने के लिए आप क्या सुझाव देंगे?\na) उपर्युक्त मामले में नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं?\nb) उपर्युक्त स्थिति में सृष्टि के लिए उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन करें।\nc) सृष्टि जैसे अधिकारियों को स्वस्थ कार्य-जीवन संतुलन बनाए रखने में मदद करने के लिए आप क्या सुझाव देंगे?","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[39,"Q.9) A reputed Indian beauty & personal care company developed a herbal skin cream for the international market, claiming anti-ageing and skin-repair properties based on traditional Ayurvedic formulations. After obtaining the necessary approvals and export certifications, the company began exporting the product. The product received widespread positive feedback for its quality and natural formulation, and soon became a huge hit in international markets. Riding on this success, the company announced that the product would soon be made available to domestic consumers, with almost the same quality and health benefits.\n\nSubsequently, it secured approval from the domestic regulatory authority and launched the product in the Indian market. Over time, the brand gained a significant share of the domestic market and earned substantial revenues both nationally and internationally.\n\nHowever, during a random sample check, officials discovered that the cream sold in India differed from the version approved by the competent authority. The product failed to meet the claimed herbal composition and purity standards. Further investigation revealed that the company had often been distributing batches that had failed export quality checks.\n\nThe incident triggered widespread public criticism and regulatory scrutiny, leading to a sharp decline in the company’s reputation and financial performance.\na) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the case.\nb) What actions should the competent regulatory authority take against the personal care company for violating domestic quality standards and distributing rejected export batches in the Indian market?\nc) What course of action is available to the company to manage the crisis and restore public trust and brand credibility?","20","250"],[42,"Q.10) A forest fire has broken out in a hilly district and is rapidly spreading toward an eco-sensitive area that includes four villages (ESA villages). These villages lie along the forest fringe and are surrounded by difficult terrain. The region is known for its biodiversity and traditional forest-based livelihoods. The inhabitants of these villages are mostly poor tribal communities, dependent on forest resources for their sustenance.\nYou, as the District Magistrate of the area, have rushed to the spot with a medical team, police personnel, NGOs, media, and support staff to oversee the rescue and containment operations. Your disaster response team on the ground is small and poorly equipped. Reinforcements from the district headquarter have been requested, but they may take several hours to arrive due to the remoteness and challenging terrain.\nIn the meantime, a group of trained ex-forest guards and local youth from the villages offer to help. They are experienced and familiar with the area. However, existing government rules do not permit the engagement of unofficial personnel in fire control operations without formal clearance and insurance coverage.\nYour team members are divided on this issue. Some members argue that volunteers should be engaged immediately to prevent the fire from spreading. Others caution that involving them without proper approval and safety cover could be risky and against protocol.\nAs the District Magistrate, you are also the Chairperson of the District Disaster Management Authority (DDMA). The fire is spreading at a very rapid rate, and immediate action is required to protect lives, property, and the environment. You are now in a dilemma.\na) What are the options available to you?\nb) Critically evaluate each of the options identified by you.\nc) What option would you adopt and why?\nd) What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by you?","20","250"],[46,"Q.11) In one of the government primary schools located in a rural block of a district, the newly appointed headmistress observed an unusual practice. The school had been preparing and serving mid-day meals separately to students belonging to different communities. Although the meals were cooked using a common gas connection, separate utensils, cooking areas, and serving arrangements had been in place for more than two decades. Students from the two communities had their food cooked and served by different cooks and ate in separate classrooms, despite attending classes together.\nAfter taking charge, the headmistress decided to discontinue this practice. She directed that food be prepared and served together for all students, using a common kitchen and utensils. However, the decision triggered backlash. A considerable number of parents across communities vehemently opposed the move and stopped sending their children to school. Consequently, attendance fell by almost 60 percent. This also raised concerns regarding the possible discontinuation of the mid-day meal scheme, withdrawal of teaching staff, and even closure of the school due to falling enrolment. The issue has attracted attention from various political and social groups attempting to further polarise the situation and serve their vested interests.\nMarpi Apang, the District Education Officer (DEO), has been tasked by the Deputy Commissioner's office to amicably resolve the matter at the earliest. She has also been directed to submit a detailed report along with the Action Taken Report within a fortnight.\na) Identify the ethical issues involved in this case.\nb) What course of action should Marpi adopt and why?\nc) What should be the responsibilities of different social segments and agencies to create positive social ambiance for accepting such changes?","20","250"],[50,"(c) Responsibilities of different social segments :\n1 Practice ethical discourse\n2 Indulge in ethical universalism\n3 Foster social harmony (social ethics of Durkheim)\n4 Treat humanity as \"means\" (categorical imperative of Kant)\n5 Practice Anekantavad -> encourage a tolerant culture","",""],[51,"Q.12) You are a Municipal Commissioner of a tier-2 city experiencing rapid urban expansion. Several high-rise residential and commercial buildings are under construction in the city to meet the growing demand for housing. One such luxury residential complex is being built, employing hundreds of daily-wage labourers, many of whom live in temporary settlements at the construction site. Late one night during the monsoon season, a large section of scaffolding and concrete slabs collapses from the upper floors of one of the under-construction buildings. Seven labourers, including two minors, die on the spot. Several others are critically injured and rushed to the hospital. The tragic incident results in public outrage, intense media scrutiny, and protests by a local NGO. The state government orders a formal inquiry and directs you to submit a report within a week. Your preliminary investigation reveals a series of irregularities. The construction material used is substandard and not in accordance with the National Building Code. Although the approved plan permits construction of fifteen floors, the builder has illegally added two extra floors. Moreover, the structure has encroached on land demarcated for a community park and a fire service lane under the city's Zonal Development Plan. These violations are not reported during site inspections conducted by the building inspector of the municipal corporation. The building clearance was granted during the tenure of your predecessor, who is not only your batchmate but also a close friend. Both of you were roommates during your training at LBSNAA. Prima facie, the case appears to involve a widespread nexus between officials of the Municipal Corporation and the builder. Your colleagues are putting pressure on you to go slow in the inquiry. Some of them suggest that holding the builder accountable could damage the city's image among investors and slow down urban development. Meanwhile, you come to know that the builder is the younger brother of a powerful minister in the state cabinet. One evening, his personal aide visits you privately. He suggests that the matter could be “mutually settled” and offers you a premium apartment worth ₹2 crore in the same residential complex. In the same breath, he hints that if the matter is not resolved swiftly in the builder's favour, someone in his office is prepared to file a complaint against you under the SC and ST (Prevention of Atrocities) Act.\na) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the case.\nb) What are the options available to you in this situation?\nc) Explain your selected course of action.","20","20"],[52,"(20 अंक, 250 शब्द)\n\nमामले में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा करें।\nइस स्थिति में आपके पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध है?\nअपनी चुनी हुई कार्यवाही का विवरण दीजिए।","20 अंक","250"]]},{"i":483,"t":"Liza Garga","c":"Forumias","p":"GS3","y":2025,"r":303,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/LIZA-GARGA-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-303-Sample-MGP-COPY-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) The Union Budget 2025-26 outlines a shift towards the 'debt-to-GDP ratio' as the fiscal anchor starting from FY 2026-27. Discuss the rationale behind this shift.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Why does India need to transition from a 'build to print' to a 'build to design' model in manufacturing? What steps has been taken by the government in this regard?","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) Explain the concept of a nutrition-sensitive food system and suggest strategies to achieve it in the country.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) Give a brief overview of the 'Digital Agriculture Mission'. How can it benefit the agriculture sector?","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) Rare earths are not just elements; they are foundational inputs that act like 'seeds of technology'. Elaborate.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) Why retrofitting Electrostatic Precipitators (ESPs) in Indian thermal power plants is a more viable and effective option compared to the installation of flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems?","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) 'The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) regime in India remains weak and is often reduced to a procedural formality.' In light of this statement, examine the key challenges in EIA implementation and suggest reforms.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) Plastic pollution is emerging as a serious environmental threat in India. Discuss the various mitigation measures to address this problem and also the government's initiatives in this regard.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9) Amid evolving threats, there is a need to blend private sector capabilities with India's current internal security architecture. In this context, elaborate on the ways in which the private sector can contribute to strengthening internal security.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10 'Radicalisation in Jammu and Kashmir is driven as much by socio-economic factors as by external influences'. Discuss how education and youth engagement can play a role in countering radicalisation in J&K.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11) Outlining the key characteristics of the care economy, discuss how India can better integrate the value of unpaid and underpaid care work into its economic framework.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12) 'The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) presents both unprecedented opportunities and significant challenges for India's labour market.' Examine. Also suggest strategies to align AI adoption with inclusive and resilient labour market outcomes.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13) Why does India's agricultural export performance remain weak despite high production levels? What measures would you suggest to improve agri-export competitiveness?","15","250"],[32,"Q.14) \"The agricultural subsidy regime in the country needs reforms to address the distortions it causes.\" Comment.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15) How can biomanufacturing transform today's consumptive manufacturing paradigm to the one based on regenerative principles? Also discuss how BioE3 Policy (Biotechnology for Economy, Environment, and Employment) aims to foster biomanufacturing in the country.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16) The future of digital innovation depends on self-reliant, domain-specific AI capabilities. In this context, bring out the key considerations in developing indigenous AI models and tools. Suggest measures to build an enabling ecosystem for AI innovation in India. What initiatives have been taken by the government in this regard?","15","250"],[41,"Q.17) Marine oil spills are a form of environmental disaster, with far-reaching consequences for biodiversity and coastal livelihoods; however, India's preparedness to prevent such incidents and mitigate their impact has significant gaps. Analyze.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18) The United Nations has declared 2025 as the International Year of Glacier Preservation. Bring out the ecological and socio-economic significance of glaciers. What are the key challenges in preserving them? What measures have been taken at national and international levels towards preservation of glaciers?","15","250"],[47,"9) What are the determinants of insurgency in the north-eastern region of India? What strategy should the Government of India, civil administration and security forces adopt to counter the threat in the affected areas?","15","250"],[50,"Q.20) Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have become an integral aspect of modern conflict and warfare, employed by both state and non-state actors. Discuss its implications for India's security architecture and state the measures being taken to address them. Also suggest other steps to tackle the threats emanating from UAVs.","15","250"]]},{"i":485,"t":"Liza Garga","c":"Forumias","p":"GS3","y":2025,"r":303,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/LIZA-GARGA-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-303-Sample-MGP-COPY-3.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1 While the Employment Linked Incentive (ELI) scheme and the Production Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme are both designed to boost economic growth, they employ different approaches and focus on distinct outcomes. Elaborate.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) What do you understand by Reverse Brain Drain? Identify the key drivers of the rising trend of this phenomenon in the country.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) The Dedicated Freight Corridor (DFC) not only enhances logistics efficiency but also represents a pivotal milestone in the country's infrastructure development and economic growth. In this context, describe the significance of the Dedicated Freight Corridor.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) Define precision agriculture. How can it help in optimizing crop production and resource management?","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) Why has rice not seen similar innovation in processed food products compared to wheat, despite being a staple in many regions of the country?","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) Explain the working principle of the pumped storage hydropower system. What are the key advantages it offers compared to other power storage technologies?","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) Describe the major outcomes of the 29th session of the Conference of Parties (COP) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) How can emerging solar technologies address the twin challenges of resource scarcity and environmental degradation? Illustrate your answer with recent innovations in the field.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9 What is 'research security'? What are the key hurdles in ensuring research security in India?","10 marks, 150","10"],[21,"Q.10) The Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act, 1958 (AFSPA) is necessary for maintaining peace and stability in the 'disturbed areas'. Critically examine.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11) How has inadequate progress on factor market reforms impacted India's double-digit growth aspirations? What measures has the government taken in this regard?","15","250"],[26,"Q.12) What are the factors responsible for the recent depreciation of the Indian Rupee? Discuss its implications for the economy and suggest policy measures to stabilize the currency.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 While Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs) can resolve the issues of small farmers and boost agrarian economy, the realization of their potential is hindered by a multitude of factors. Analyze","15","250"],[32,"Q.14) Discuss the significance of aquaculture towards nutrition security, livelihood generation, and economic growth. Also mention various initiatives taken by the government to promote sustainable aquaculture in the country.","15","250"],[36,"Q.15) What is gene therapy? What makes it a better treatment option than the conventional approaches?","15","250"],[39,"Q.16) Why are countries keen on developing their own space stations? What obstacles do they face in the process, and how can these be overcome?","15","250"],[42,"Q.17 Climate change is causing profound alterations in ecosystems, triggering cascading impacts on biodiversity, ecosystem services, and human livelihoods which demands integrated approaches to conservation and climate adaptation. Analyse.","15","250"],[45,"Q.18) Often referred to as the 'cradle of civilization' and 'growth engines', urban areas are increasingly experiencing various natural and man-made disasters. Discuss in the Indian context. Also, suggest suitable mitigation and management strategies.","15 marks, 250","15"],[48,"Q.19 How does India's geographical location heighten its vulnerability to drug trafficking? Also, analyze various internal security risks linked to drug trafficking.","15","250"],[51,"Q.20) The increasing frequency and sophistication of cyberattacks pose a significant threat to national security. Discuss the major challenges in ensuring cybersecurity in the country and enumerate the measures taken by the government in this regard.","15","250"]]},{"i":486,"t":"Madhav Agarawal","c":"Nextias","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/4/gs-mac-test-2-madhav-agarwal-1745408498015.pdf","q":[[39,"Q18 POCSO Act has brought an overarching framework to regulate and investigate cases of child sexual offences (below age of 18). Implications on rights & welfare of children.","",""]]},{"i":487,"t":"Madhav Agarwal","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2024,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/MADHAV-AGARWAL-UPSC-2024-Rank-16-MGP-Sample-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) Basic structure doctrine has prevented the Parliament, a creature of the constitution, from becoming the master of the constitution. Discuss this statement with the help of relevant case laws.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) To what extent, in your opinion, Self-Help Groups (SHGs) in India have enabled women led development at the grassroot level?","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) The power of pressure groups lies not in their size or elaborate organization, but in their ability to mobilize public opinion and create lasting change. With help of relevant examples, discuss how informal pressure groups shape public policy.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4 \"Bail not Jail\" is the cardinal principle that upholds the sacrosanct ideas of individual's liberty and dignity. Explain the statement with the help of various judicial pronouncements.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5 Dispute redressal is the most important component of cooperative federalism. How does the Interstate Council facilitate the resolution of disputes related to states in India, and what are the challenges associated with this process?","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) Anti-defection law has failed to address and resolve the evil of political defection satisfactorily. Discuss various issues surrounding the Anti-defection law and recommend some corrective measures.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) Decriminalization of homosexuality by the SC in Navtej Singh Jauhar case remains a task half done, specially without the socio-political sensitisation about the issues faced by LGBTQIA+ community. Elaborate in light of ongoing debates on same sex marriage.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8 Asses the relevance of lateral entry in civil services in making the governance structure more effective, efficient, and people oriented.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9) Built upon common democratic values and shared vision of strategic autonomy, India-France bilateral ties exude a promise of stability, growth, and security in a time of geo-political flux and uncertainty. Do you agree? Substantiate your answer.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10) As an important attribute of soft power, \"Knowledge diplomacy\" has the potential to further various objectives of foreign policy. Explain.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11 Referring to the case laws through which the collegium system in India evolved, critically assess its functioning.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12 Considering the non-enforceable nature of fundamental duties and directive principles of state policy, critically examine their impact in socio-political norms.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13) Despite its vital role for the smooth functioning of the body politic, constitutional punctuality remains conspicuous by its absence. Discuss.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 Frequent reliance on the ordinance making power by the government, not only dilutes the basic tenets of executive accountability in a parliamentary democracy, but also overlooks the democratic traditions of building consensus. Discuss with relevant examples.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 The critical reason for poor public health indicators in India goes beyond recognition of right to health as fundamental right. Do you think that a statutory framework alone can ameliorate the situation?","15","250"],[38,"Q.16 Reforming the education infrastructure through digital interventions is a progressive step, but it has its limitations too. Comment.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 Electoral bond was brought in as a reform that was high on intent but has proved to be low on substance. Do you agree? Justify.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 The profound impact of the data revolution and widespread smartphone usage has necessitated the use of digital tools in welfare programmes. Discuss.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 Presidency of G20 is but a reflection of India's quest for a more just and polycentric world order, where the voice of the global south is mainstreamed not muzzled. Elucidate.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20) The new cold war between the USA and China may have the effect of casting a long shadow on India's strategic interests from Pacific to Atlantic. Evaluate.","15","250"],[52,"7 Ignite regional conflicts like in West Asia; where China brokered Iran-Saudi deal and India is into US led I2U2 partnership (major diaspora, oil security).","",""]]},{"i":489,"t":"Madhav Agarwal","c":"Nextias","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/4/gs-mac-test-3-madhav-agarwal-1745408513670.pdf","q":[[12,"95 Bio-manufacturing and Bio-forday, involve use of bio technology and can usher green economy in India.","",""],[28,"5 Bridge the rural urban divide by promoting cluster based growth.\neg FPI industries in rural areas like AMUL.","",""],[39,"Q16 What are quantum dots?\n1) Application of Quantum Dots:","",""]]},{"i":488,"t":"Madhav Agarwal","c":"Nextias","p":"GS3","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/4/gs-mac-test-1-madhav-agarwal-1745408445806.pdf","q":[[4,"Q1. Examine the role of numismatic evidence in understanding the political and economic history of ancient India. Provide specific examples.","10",""],[6,"Q2 Assess the impact of women’s organizations in mobilizing women across diverse socio-economic and regional backgrounds in pre-independence India.","10",""],[8,"Q3 How did the policy of non-alignment reflect the aspirations of India and other newly independent nations to maintain their sovereignty and resist colonial pressures?","10",""],[10,"Q4. Discuss the processes involved in volcanism. Highlight the major volcanic regions in the world and their associated tectonic settings.","10",""],[12,"Q5. Explain the geological features and ecological importance of the Eastern Ghats.","10 अंक",""],[14,"Q6 Earlier known as coarse cereals the government rebranded millets in 2018 as nutri-cereals. In this context discuss the ecological and nutritional significance of millets","10",""],[16,"Q7. What are the potential consequences of Arctic ice melt on biodiversity and ecosystems? How might these changes impact global ecological balance","10",""],[17,"1 Disturb the flows of the Global Ocean Conveyor Belt due to density changes.\n2 Risk of sea level: Submerge of nearby areas\n3 Interlinkage of climate: polar climate is seen linked to Indian monsoons.\n4 Rise of temperature: due to fall in Albedo effect.\n5 Freeze on ground water for fresh water as permafrost melts.","",""],[18,"Q8 Do you think the Uniform Civil Code contradicts the idea of religious pluralism and cultural differences in Indian society?","10",""],[20,"Q9. Discuss the concept of healthy active ageing in the context of demographic shifts in India. How does it contribute to social inclusion?","10",""],[22,"Q11 Discuss with examples the key features of Vijayanagara architecture. How did Indo-Islamic elements manifest in their structures?","15",""],[25,"Q12 Compare and contrast the features of ancient Indian universities like Nalanda and Takshashila with modern state-funded universities in India. What lessons can modern universities learn from ancient ones to improve their effectiveness?","15",""],[28,"Q13 Analyze the ideological differences and similarities between the revolutionary movement(1920-1930s) and the Gandhian non-violent struggle. How did these two ideologies influence each other?","15",""],[31,"Q14 What are the various types of glacial landforms formed in the Indian Himalayas. How do these features impact local ecosystems and human activities?","15",""],[34,"Q15 Discuss the unique geographical features of the Indian Ocean and their impact on global oceanic circulation patterns. How do these features influence the climate of the Indian subcontinent?","15",""],[37,"Q16 Urban heat islands (UHIs) have become a significant phenomenon in Indian cities, exacerbating the frequency and intensity of heat waves. Analyze the underlying factors contributing to this phenomenon and critically assess the existing mitigation strategies.","15",""],[40,"Q17 Evaluate the primary factors contributing to regional disparities in the sugar industry between North India and Peninsular India. What measures can be undertaken to reduce the surplus sugar production?","15",""],[43,"Q18 'Social mobility is essential for achieving true equality within society'. In this context highlight the barriers to intergenerational mobility in Indian society, and examine the role of education on social mobility.","15",""],[46,"Q19 Analyze the influence of globalization on migration patterns in India. What are the economic and social implications of increased internal and international migration?","15",""],[49,"Q20 Discuss how gender-based violence in India is a manifestation of patriarchal values. To what extent has modernisation in law served as an instrument of women’s empowerment in this regard?","15",""]]},{"i":490,"t":"Madhvendra Pratap Singh","c":"Forumias","p":"Essay","y":2025,"r":153,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/MADHVENDRA-PRATAP-SINGHUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-153-Sample-Essay-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"1. The great aim of education is not knowledge but action.","",""]]},{"i":491,"t":"Madhvendra Pratap Singh","c":"Forumias","p":"Essay","y":2025,"r":153,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/MADHVENDRA-PRATAP-SINGHUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-153-Sample-Essay-Copy-2.pdf","q":[[3,"1. What is research, but a blind date with knowledge.","",""],[16,"1. Family is the first school of citizenship.\n2. There are better practices to \"best practices\".\n3. Distorting history leads to indoctrination and not education.\n4. Tradition is a guide, not a jailor.","",""],[21,"But then what are the challenges in carrying out these better practices to established best practices?","",""]]},{"i":492,"t":"Madhvendra Pratap Singh","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2025,"r":153,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/MADHVENDRA-PRATAP-SINGHUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-153-Sample-MGP-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1 \"Extraordinary powers must be exercised with extraordinary care.\" Discuss in the context of Article 142 of the Indian Constitution.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Why are State Legislative Assemblies involved in the election of the President but excluded from the process of impeachment?","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) Private Member's Bills (PMBs) seldom become law in India, yet they are an important aspect of parliamentary democracy. Bring out their significance and suggest steps to strengthen the PMB process.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) Highlight the key points of convergence and divergence between the judicial systems of India and USA.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5 The role of Election Commission of India has evolved beyond conducting elections to becoming a guardian of electoral democracy. Critically evaluate.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6 What is the rationale behind the 'three-language formula' in India's education policy? Also highlight the challenges associated with its adoption and implementation across the country.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) 'Emerging environmental concerns and evolving ecosystem perspectives demand a reimagined approach to rural water governance.' Discuss the key interventions needed to recalibrate rural water policies with special emphasis on the role of communities.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) Identify and discuss the challenges hindering effective implementation of gender-sensitive policies and schemes in the country.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9 Effective transboundary water management can act as a catalyst for regional peace and cooperation.' In light of this statement, bring out the opportunities and challenges for India in leveraging 'water diplomacy' in its neighbourhood.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10) What are the key areas of reform if the World Trade Organization (WTO) has to remain relevant in the present context of rising protectionism and trade wars?","10","150"],[23,"Q.11) The basic structure doctrine acts as a constitutional compass in balancing Parliament's legislative authority and constitutional supremacy. Comment.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12) Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) are pivotal to inclusive and efficient urban governance, yet they remain fiscally constrained and institutionally weak. Analyze.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 \"The judiciary has functioned as an institutional corrective, redefining and refining the contours of the Governor's office to prevent its misuse and uphold constitutional principles.\" Discuss this statement with the help of relevant case laws.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 How is the 'vertical' and 'horizontal' devolution of taxes to the states decided? Highlighting the concerns raised by some states regarding the devolution of taxes, suggest corrective measures.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 What steps are required for the constitutionalization of a Commission? Do you think granting constitutional status to the Central Information Commission (CIC) would strengthen the RTI regime in India? Give reasons.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16 Even as India experiences consistent economic growth and has achieved self-sufficiency in food production, hunger and food insecurity remain pressing concerns. Examine the factors responsible for this paradox and suggest steps to improve the situation.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 The Union Government has recently announced that caste enumeration will be part of the upcoming census. Examine the opportunities and challenges associated with conducting a nationwide 'caste census'. Also, propose a framework for its seamless and effective conduct.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 \"AI integration in governance is no longer a choice but a necessity.\" In light of this statement, discuss how AI can enhance education and healthcare governance.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 Providing a brief overview of the aims and objectives of BIMSTEC, explain its significance for India.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 India's approach to its relationship with China has evolved into what can be best described as 'competitive coexistence'. Discuss in light of recent developments. What should be the broad contours of India's future China policy?","15","250"],[54,"When must you seek mentorship?","",""]]},{"i":493,"t":"Madhvendra Pratap Singh","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2025,"r":153,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/MADHVENDRA-PRATAP-SINGHUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-153-Sample-MGP-Copy-2.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) To what extent, in your opinion, have the ideals of the Preamble been realised in the country's 75-year constitutional journey?","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) The evolution of property rights in India reflects an intricate relationship that exists between individual rights and public welfare. Discuss this statement with the help of relevant constitutional provisions and case laws.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) Under what conditions can the 'National' Emergency be proclaimed by the President of India? What are the consequences when such a proclamation remains in force? When was it last imposed in the country?","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) 'Lack of a binding framework for pre-legislative consultations in India limits citizen engagement in the lawmaking.' Propose measures to strengthen the role of public consultation in the legislative process.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5 'The recommendations of the 15th Finance Commission have enabled the States to improve their fiscal conditions. Comment.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6 In what ways do industry and business associations contribute to socio-economic development in the country? Explain with suitable examples.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7 \"India's poverty lies in the eyes of the beholder.\" In light of this statement, examine the need for a credible and periodically updated poverty estimation framework in the country.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8 The Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act, 2012 falls short of achieving its intended objectives. Comment.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9) 'Starved of funds, shackled by geopolitics, WHO is facing a crisis of capacity and credibility.' Discuss the statement in the light of USA's withdrawal and its accusation of the health body of being 'biased towards China and mishandling the COVID-19 pandemic'.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10) The world continues to operate in a 'my terrorist' versus 'your terrorist' paradigm. Explain. What strategies would you suggest to develop a unified, comprehensive, and rules-based global approach to tackle the menace of terrorism?","10","150"],[23,"Q.11 Briefly explain the procedure laid down in the Representation of the People Act (RPA), 1951 for the registration of political parties with the Election Commission of India (ECI). What are Registered Unrecognised Political Parties (RUPPs)? What concerns are associated with them? Does the ECI have powers to de-register a political party?","15","250"],[26,"Q.12) Assess the role of NITI Aayog over the past decade in promoting cooperative and competitive federalism.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 'The post of Deputy Speaker goes beyond ceremonial significance and is indispensable to Indian parliamentary democracy.' Discuss with relevant constitutional provisions and conventions. Also, examine the implications of the prolonged vacancy of the Deputy Speaker's post.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 Is the growing demand for stricter regulation of online content justified, or does it pose a threat to the right to freedom of speech and expression? Examine in light of recent judicial pronouncements.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 Critically examine the 'in-house procedure' adopted by the Apex Court to inquire into allegations of misconduct against judges of constitutional courts in India.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16 Recent controversies over alleged malpractices in the electoral rolls have renewed demands for the mandatory linkage of Aadhaar with Voter ID. What is your opinion? Give reasons in support of your answer.","15","15"],[40,"6) Overlapping of roles between ECI and UIDAI.","",""],[41,"Q.17 Lateral entry into civil services is seen as a reformative step, yet it continues to attract criticism and controversy. Discuss.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 While rankings aim to benchmark the performance of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs), concerns remain about whether current ranking frameworks reflect the broader goals of education. Suggest measures to make the ranking system more objective, inclusive, and aligned with educational and societal outcomes.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 Examine the factors behind the growing salience of the Arctic region in international politics. Discuss, in this context, strategies for India to recalibrate its Arctic engagement.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 Bangladesh is a key pillar of India's Neighborhood First policy, but recent developments on both sides threaten to disrupt the 'Sonali Adhyay' in bilateral relations. Analyze.","15","250"]]},{"i":494,"t":"Malavika G Nair","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":2024,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/MALAVIKA-G-NAIR-UPSC-2024-Rank-45-MGP-Sample-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q1 Societal apathy towards mental health issues has resulted in marginalization of individuals dealing with mental disorders. Elaborate and suggest measures to bring mental health concerns from periphery to mainstream.","",""],[5,"Q2 Critically assess the role of microfinance in satisfactorily addressing the interconnected challenges of poverty and unemployment.","",""],[7,"Q3. Though grand in their intent, the legislative measures for vulnerable populations have become handicapped due to implementational bottlenecks. Comment, with special reference to SC/ST, Prevention of Atrocities Act, 1989.","",""],[9,"Q4 What are the reasons behind limited success of co-operative movement? How can co-operatives be made more effective fostering rural development?","",""],[11,"Q.5 Leveraging real time data in policy making has become indispensable for achieving good governance. In this context, analyse the role of e-governance in enhancing the effectiveness of developmental policies.","",""],[13,"Q6 In civil services, what should matter are - capabilities, merit and talent. In this context, examine the relevance of lateral entry in civil services in face of various apprehensions.","",""],[15,"Q1 India must exercise stabilizing influence in its difficult neighbourhood to effectively safeguard national interest. Comment.","",""],[17,"Q8 ASEAN serves the twin purpose of developing India's North East and augmenting the country's reach in Southeast Asian Region. Comment.","",""],[19,"29. The realization of a successful Asian century is premised upon stable India-China relations. Comment.","",""],[21,"810 Do you think NATO as a system of US-led collective security for Europe is increasingly relevant in multipolar world? Justify your answer.","",""],[23,"Q.14 Increased penetration of mobile network, internet infrastructure, and smart phones have made m-governance the pivot of the welfare programmes of the government, but it poses challenges of exclusion. Discuss.","",""],[26,"Q12 The distinct characteristics of the Civil Society Organizations and the government create a unique symbiosis in improving the governance and development process in the country. Discuss.","",""],[29,"Q13 Critically examine the utility of social audit framework in bringing the governance process closer to the people.","",""],[32,"Q14) Eradication of chronic malnutrition for an all-encompassing approach. In this context, throw light on the importance of nutrition-specific and nutrition-sensitive approaches for achieving the goal of Zero Hunger","",""],[35,"Q15 Evaluate the efficacy of digital interventions in transforming the educational infrastructure of the country.","",""],[38,"Q16) The role of the civil services is not limited to the mere welfare of the people but extends to the realm of upholding the spirit of the Constitution. Elaborate.","",""],[41,"Q17 India has a pride of place among the comity of nations with strong credentials in the arena of soft power. Identifying the key attributes of India's soft power, discuss the extent to which it has been leveraged in India's foreign policy matrix.","",""],[44,"18) BRICS can serve as a platform for shaping a post western global order, but the potential of the grouping is held back by internal contradictions. Examine.","",""],[47,"Q19) Enumerate the factors that make Indo Pacific a theatre of opportunity for India. What are the impediments in reaping the geostrategic potential for the Indo-Pacific.","",""],[50,"Q20 The latent potential of the India-EU strategic partnerships is detered due to a slew of factors. Elaborate.","",""]]},{"i":994,"t":"Mamta Yadav","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1G4QrQlXb0iJKqk0V-56rpdEvct1i7lPZ/view","q":[[3,"1. (a) Man is not only a product of his environment but can also modify the environment. Do you agree with this view? Justify your answer with suitable examples.","10","150"],[5,"1. (b) Though it may seem that accountability and efficiency are antithetical to each other, accountability is a sine qua non for good governance. Discuss.","10","150"],[7,"2. (a) Gandhian ideals can be of immense help in dealing with the Covid-19 pandemic. Evaluate.","10","150"],[9,"2. (b) While civil servants have the legal right to undertake post-retirement jobs, it raises key ethical issues. Comment.","10","150"],[11,"3. Given below are quotations of moral thinkers/philosophers. Bring out what they mean to you in the present context:\n(a) Try not to become a man of success but rather try to become a man of value. Albert Einstein","10","150"],[13,"3. (b) Having knowledge of an unethical act and allowing it to continue can spread a contagion that can affect multiple beings in society. Bertrand Russell","10","150"],[15,"4. (a) When people use a common resource without a coordinated plan the result is often a tragedy of the commons in which the resource is depleted. In this context, discuss the various ethical challenges arising out of utilization of Global Commons.","10","150"],[17,"4. (b) While a code of conduct merely establishes minimal standards of conduct, a better strategy to promote ethical work culture is through internalization of values. Discuss.","10","150"],[19,"5. (a) A state that does not have the political will and the discipline to enforce probity in governance, can not get rid of the menace of prolonged corruption. Discuss.","10","150"],[21,"5. (b) India cannot march successfully in to the 21st century with the administrative system having a colonial mindset. Discuss in context of the bureaucratic work culture in India.","10","150"],[23,"6. Which corporate leader has inspired you the most and what moral lessons have you learnt from their life?","10","150"],[25,"7. Increasing participation of people in governance and easy access to information is what transforms governance to good governance. Elaborate.","10","150"],[27,"8. It is sometimes believed that moral scrupulousness in one's private life automatically guarantees high moral stature in professional life. Do you agree? Justify your stand with logical arguments.","10","150"],[29,"9. You are working as a District Magistrate in an aspirational district where women literacy and sex ratio is one of the lowest in the country. It is brought to your notice that a woman who has been elected as 'Sarpanch' on a seat reserved for women candidates in a panchayat in your district is head 'only on the paper'. All the work related to the panchayat is actually carried out by her husband. Even the flag hoisting ceremony on Independence Day is carried out by her husband. However, her husband happens to be a good administrator as indicated by that panchayat's performance on various developmental parameters as compared to other panchayats in the district. Also, her husband enjoys the support of the local people. Given the situation, answer the following:\n(a) Identify the stakeholders and issues involved in this case?\n(b) What options are available to you as the District Magistrate in such a scenario? Also, evaluate each option and indicate what option will you choose.","20","in around 250"],[34,"10. The issues confronting humanity are multifaceted - from political conflicts and human rights abuses to pandemics and climate change. They are not contained within national borders, nor do they fit into the silos of separate government agencies or academic specialties. What is required is greater international cooperation, mutual respect, abiding by international laws and participative global decision-making. However, over the last decade, it has been observed that international relations have overshadowed these basic tenets of global governance and now we are at the verge of serious global catastrophic risks. When it comes to the structures of global governance, business as usual, is no longer an option. Not only an improvement in our understanding of risks is required but also taking responsibility to lead collective action for a coordinated global response.\n(a) What do you think are the factors hindering collective actions?\n(b) Provide a case for the moral obligation of the international community to come together and find solutions to the problems we face.\n(c) What should be the principles guiding such international cooperation?","20",""],[39,"11. You are posted as Superintendent of Police in a district. A case has come up in which more than 30 girls were allegedly raped and sexually exploited at the city shelter home run by an NGO. The scandal came to light when media flagged complaints of sexual abuse of inmates of the city shelter home. A nexus of police, politicians, administration and criminals have been allegedly responsible for the racket going on for the last few years. In light of this, a lot of protests have erupted across the city. While, on one hand, media glare has meant that people are demanding swift action, you have been asked to go slow in investigating the case by top officers in your department. Elections in the state are due in a few months, so it has become a politically sensitive issue. You are also under immense political pressure from the ruling party to not take strict action and make compromises to cover up the case. Given the situation, answer the following:\n(a) Identify the issues involved in the case.\n(b) What are the options available to you? Which of these options will you choose? Justify your stand with logical arguments.","20",""],[44,"12. Being the senior-most IAS officer, you are in line to be promoted as Chief Secretary after the incumbent retires in the next two months. Currently, you are heading the Public Works Department (PWD) and a road construction project worth crores has been opened for tender. A company X belonging to the son-in-law of the incumbent Chief Minister has also applied for the same. The director in charge of the screening process, a young IAS officer, has reported that company Y and the state PSU have submitted the best bids. Both you and the director are facing political pressure to favour the company X. The young IAS officer may be demoralised if you give in to the pressure. But if you don't give in then he may be transferred and your chances of promotion may also suffer. In light of the situation, answer the following:\n(a) Discuss the ethical issues faced by you in the given case.\n(b) What are the options available to you? Which of these options will you choose? Justify your stand with logical arguments.","20",""],[49,"13. As the head of the Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV), you are tasked to complete the construction of a power plant. The project needs to be completed expeditiously to fulfil the promise made by the government to ensure access to power for all. The selected site is in a remote area and is ideal for plant construction. However, the project would require relocation of the people living in the vicinity. Initially, the local community objected to disruption in their lives, but were convinced later about the economic benefits that would accrue to the region through this plant. The project had started gathering pace, but recently a local NGO working for environment protection got involved with the local community regarding the issue. And now the local community has started protesting against any developmental activity in the region. As the officer-in-charge for the speedy execution of the project, answer the following:\n(a) What are the issues involved in this case?\n(b) What course of action will you take and why?","20",""],[54,"14. Genetic editing has several applications with its potential to edit the genomes of both somatic and germ cells. This allows for the ability to not only cure genetic diseases but to edit the characteristics of future offspring. The last few years have seen the development of several efficient, more precise genetic engineering techniques. However, with growing sophistication, various issues of bioethics have also have come to the forefront.\n(a) Discuss the ethical considerations associated with genome editing.\n(b) In the light of these ethical issues, provide an ethical framework on how this technology can be used for the betterment of humanity.","20",""]]},{"i":496,"t":"Manan Bhat","c":"Nextias","p":"GS1","y":null,"r":88,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/93393beb2b7e996905ce7ea7f8b78443/55/air-88-manan-bhat_test-1_gs1.pdf","q":[[5,"Q.1 The fabric of Indian philosophical thought owes as much to Northern India as to Southern India. Elucidate.","10","Answer in 150"],[7,"Q.2 The Indian society's impulse for social change and reform was a response to its opposition to colonial rule. Examine.","10","150"],[9,"Q.3 What are the factors that led to the Russian revolution and what are the consequences of this revolution? Discuss its influence on the Indian national movement.","10","150"],[10,"Q.4 Discuss the various factors responsible for the uneven temperature distribution on Earth's surface.","10","150"],[12,"Q.5 The melting of glaciers due to climate change has serious implications for the ecosystem and human society. Discuss the effects of melting glaciers on the environment and the measures that can be taken to address this issue.","10","150"],[14,"Q.6 The White Revolution was most successful in the Western part of India. Discuss the factors for this regional success of the White Revolution.","10","150"],[16,"Q.7 To what extent does seismic investigation contribute to our understanding of the Earth's interior structure? Analyze its significance in detail.","10","150"],[18,"Q.8 The pace of demographic transition varies across different states of India making population growth a double-edged sword. Comment.","10","Answer in 150"],[20,"Q.9 The ethnic and cultural diversity in India has always been bound by the thread of unity. Discuss the major factors that have contributed to the cultural unity of India.","10","Answer in 150"],[22,"Q.10 The dichotomy in public and private life in Indian society acts as a major barrier to the annihilation of caste. Justify.","10","Answer in 150"],[24,"Q.11 India was forced into numerous wars post Independence. Highlight the causes and impact of the Indo-Pak and Indo-China wars on our bilateral relationships.","15","250"],[27,"Q.12 The process of consolidation of Bengal, which started after the Battle of Plassey culminated in the Battle of Buxar. Do you think the Battle of Buxar was more important for the British than Plassey?","15","Answer in 250"],[30,"Q.13 Sanskrit literature in general and particularly in the Guptan age set a high watermark for the literary history of ancient India. Discuss.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 The configuration of the ocean floor provides essential information about the geological processes that have shaped the Earth's surface. Discuss the major features of the ocean floor and their significance in the study of oceanography.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 With the growing demand for rare earth elements, their distribution has become a critical aspect of the global economy. Discuss the distribution of rare earth elements across the world, their uses, and the environmental impact of their extraction.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16 Tourism in the hilly states is threatening to exceed the ecological carrying capacity of the region. Analyze the factors contributing to this trend and evaluate the potential Environmental impacts of this phenomenon. What measures can be taken to ensure sustainable tourism in these states?","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 The Indian monsoon is a complex phenomenon influenced by various climatic factors. Critically examine the role of oceanic and atmospheric factors in determining the intensity and distribution of monsoon rainfall in India.","15","250"],[42,"1) Oceanic?\na) Positive Indian Ocean Dipole further strengthen the Mascarene High & more rainfall?\nb) La-Mha also strengthen the High pressure of Mascarene High causing more rainfall?","",""],[44,"Q.18 Why do traditions in our society impede change? To what extent can social legislation be instrumental against old customary practices?","15","Answer in 250"],[47,"Q.19 Slums are not 'problems' that have to be 'solved' - but are indeed a result of lopsided and vested urban policies covering infrastructure provision and socio-economic issues. Analyse.","15","Answer in 250"],[50,"Q.20 Communalism gains strength from economic deprivation, and thrives in environments of social exclusion, creating fertile ground for discontent and division. Comment.","15","250"]]},{"i":495,"t":"Manan Bhat","c":"Nextias","p":"GS3","y":null,"r":88,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/93393beb2b7e996905ce7ea7f8b78443/54/air-88-manan-bhat_test-3_gs3.pdf","q":[[4,"Q.1 What do you understand by Windfall tax? Do you think that windfall taxes can effectively redistribute wealth and promote greater economic equality?","10","150"],[6,"Q.2 Discuss the perceived successes and challenges of implementing inflation targeting under the new Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) regime.","10","150"],[8,"Q.3 Assess the potential of millet production in promoting sustainable agriculture and improving food security in India.","10","150"],[10,"Q.4 Jal Jeevan Mission has the potential to end the regional disparity in the availability and accessibility of drinking water. Highlighting the significance of the mission, discuss the underlying impediments in achieving the desired objectives.","10","150"],[11,"5) Curb climate change impacts :- due to rise in temperature, aquifers are depleting, hence JJM as a tool to compensate it.","",""],[12,"Q.5 What do you understand by Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS)? Discuss its applications and how it can revolutionize the energy program of India.","10","150"],[14,"Q.6 Discuss in brief developments and challenges in the Gaganyaan mission of ISRO. What are the possible benefits of the mission for the society?","10","Answer in 150"],[16,"Q.7 \"Green hydrogen can be the silver bullet in our quest to tackle climate change and pollution\". Critically analyze the statement in light of India's National Green Hydrogen mission.","10","150"],[18,"Q.8 What are the key lessons for disaster management and environmental conservation in the Himalayan region, in light of the recent disaster in Joshimath, Uttarakhand?","10","150"],[20,"Q.9 \"The recent radical trends in Punjab show that the Khalistan issue is still simmering.\" Discuss the statement with respect to recent developments and suggest measures to handle it.","10","150"],[22,"Q.10 The anonymity and ease of drone operation contribute to the challenges of India's border security. Elaborate and give suggestions to tackle the drone problem in border areas.","10","150"],[24,"Q.11 Electricity Amendment Bill, 2022 brings several advantages for consumers, DISCOMs as well as the environment. Elaborate. Also, list out its shortcomings and suggest some measures to overcome them.","15","250"],[25,"Q.12 Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) plays an important role in the regulation of the share market and safeguarding the interests of investors. In the light of given statement, highlight the challenges faced by the SEBI and suggest reforms in this regard.","15","Answer in 250"],[28,"Q.13 Despite being a major contributor to the Indian economy, the agriculture sector is plagued by several constraints that impede its growth and development. Discuss the role of technology in overcoming these constraints.","15","250"],[31,"Q.14 Evaluate the impact of irrigation on the environment and natural resources, and suggest measures to ensure the sustainability and equity of irrigation practices in agriculture.","15","250"],[34,"Q.15 How India benefitted strategically from the contributions of Dr. Homi Jehangir Bhabha and Dr. Vikram Ambalal Sarabhai in the fields of atomic energy and space technology respectively?","15","Answer in 250"],[36,"Q.16 Generative AI holds the potential to push the boundaries of innovation in the near future, yet its societal impact raises substantial challenges. Elaborate.","15","Answer in 250"],[39,"Q.17 Explain the purpose of the \"Mangrove Alliance for Climate\" launched at the COP27 UN Climate Change Conference in Egypt in November 2022. Elaborate on the importance of mangroves in maintaining the coastal ecology of tropical nations.","15","250"],[42,"Q.18 The Formation of the Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure brings more robustness to the Disaster Management approach in India. Comment and justify the need for a new strategy to tackle Disasters in India.","15","Answer in 250"],[44,"What new policy should include?","",""],[45,"Q.19 The recent rise in ransomware attacks targeting critical infrastructure and major corporations has highlighted the urgent need for stronger cybersecurity measures and policies. Discussing the key factors contributing to this trend, analyze the impact of these attacks on various sectors.","15","250"],[48,"Q.20 In the context of border security, how can cooperation and coordination between different security agencies be improved to ensure effective and efficient management of coastal and terrestrial borders?","15","Answer in 250"]]},{"i":497,"t":"Manan Bhat","c":"Nextias","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":88,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/93393beb2b7e996905ce7ea7f8b78443/64/air-88-manan-bhat_test-4_gs4.pdf","q":[[5,"1. (a) Public service requires not merely legal but also morally principled action. Public service requires the public servant to place loyalty to the constitution, laws, and ethical principles. Among the three, which do you think must acquire primacy while carrying out official functions? Why? Discuss.","10","150"],[7,"(b) What do you understand by \"integrity-based civil disobedience\"? Do you think a challenge to personal integrity can be a justifiable cause for responsible disobedience in civil services? Explain.","10","Answer in 150"],[9,"2. (a) Recent research has shown that emotions significantly impact personal and professional lives. What are the primary emotions that negatively and positively impact workplace productivity? Explain with relevant examples.","10","150"],[11,"(b) Technical efficiency ensures resource utilization and social efficiency ensures fulfillment of social needs, what does ethical efficiency ensure? Do you think ethical efficiency is more important than technical and social efficiency? Why/Why not?","10","150"],[13,"3. (a) \"Man cannot do right in one department of life whilst he is occupied in doing wrong in any other department.\" Gandhi.\nDo you think an individual's personal ethics impacts professional life or they both can be compartmentalized? Explain your position with relevant examples.","10","150"],[15,"(b) Goodness is the result of internal imperatives to do what is right, not sanctions from moral rules or rewards from expected consequences. Do you agree? Discuss.","10","150"],[17,"4. Explain the meaning of the following quotations and discuss their contemporary relevance.\n(a) \"To tolerate is purely an act of the mind. That is the essence of virtue. To tolerate is a strength.\" (Answer in 150 words) 10 Marks","10","150"],[19,"(b) \"It is our first duty to serve society, and after we have done that, we may attend wholly to the salvation of our souls.\" (Answer in 150 words) 10 Marks","10","150"],[21,"(c) \"Periods of peace are the empty pages in the history books\" (Answer in 150 words) 10 Marks","10","150"],[23,"5. (a) In the context of civil service, distinguish between moral and nonmoral values. Identify 5 basic moral values that can serve as foundational values for all services irrespective of the department. Give reasons why those values can be considered foundational.","10","150"],[25,"(b) Citizens' involvement in decision-making is critical to ethics in governance. Do you agree that effective civic engagement mechanisms can facilitate an ethics-driven administration? What do you think are the mechanisms that citizens can use for ensuring ethics in governance?","10","150"],[26,"6. (a) Social transformation programs such as “beti bachao and beti padhao” believes in using advice, counseling, and persuasion but sometimes a little force is also necessary for getting the desired response. Do you think it is a good idea to mix little force with persuasion by public administrators while implementing social schemes of transformation? Explain with relevant examples.","10","150"],[28,"(b) Ultimately foreign policy of every country hinges upon the strength which the nation possesses. Strength may be military or financial and may be also...moral.\" Do you think ethical strength without military or financial muscle will be respected in today's world? Explain your position.","10","150"],[29,"7 You are a young officer working with the Municipal Corporation of an industrial city. The city was known for manufacturing ball bearings and auto parts. Most manufacturing units were small-scale units with very little production process automation. The units relied on manual labor, which was in abundance due to the villages close by.\n\nAs the number of manufacturing units grew, the demand for labor increased, bringing in a steady inflow of laborers into the city. This influx of people into the town led to a mushrooming of slums and encroachments on the sidewalks. Once in a while, the Corporation conducted drives to clear out the slums, but after a time, the slums came back. The illegal slums had become an urban nightmare.\n\nYou were given the responsibility of clearing out the encroachments and slums with the help of Police authorities. As you started the drive, you realized that the people living by the sidewalks were vulnerable compared to the slum dwellers. Many sidewalk dwellers had recently come to the city after selling their properties in their villages. Now if you drive them out, they have no place to go. Your heart went out to them, and you felt that your departmental action was inhumane, but your official responsibilities demanded stern impartial action. You are desperate to find a way to help the sidewalk dwellers without compromising your official duties.\n(a) What value conflicts do you notice in the above situation?\n(b) Can an administrator compromise the value of impartiality for empathy? Discuss.\n(c) What are the options available in the above situation?\n(d) Suggest viable solutions for tackling illegal slums and encroachments in urban areas.","20","250"],[30,"(a) Value conflicts in above situation:\ni) Public service duty VS empathy for vulnerable section.\nii) Bureaucratic order VS voice of conscience.\niii) Law & order VS illegal encroachment.\niv) Law VS humanity.\nv) Official responsibility VS personal values of compassion.","",""],[33,"d) Ways to tackle Slums & encroachments in Urban Areas","",""],[34,"You are the Director of the Department responsible for implementing and operating the scheme. Recently you have been receiving reports of welfare fraud being committed by families by producing fake bona fide. The families committed the fraud with the help of local officials responsible for scrutinizing the bona fide. You were concerned because the fraud was seriously undermining the scheme's efficiency. You called for a departmental meeting to discuss and find a solution to the problem. In the meeting, it was decided to merge several available government data sets such as Aadhar cards, voter ID cards, marriage certificates, birth certificates, bank details, and other personal assets. By merging all the data sets, the department would be able to develop the beneficiary's economic profile. And this will help the department scrutinize the documents and detect fraud. This was a comprehensive strategy, but it risked violating an individual's data privacy. As a Department head, you wanted to detect and prevent fraud, but at the same time, you were apprehensive about violating the Data privacy of the stakeholders.\n(a) What are the issues involved in the above case?\n(b) Do you think violating data privacy is justified to prevent welfare fraud? Why/ Why not?\n(c) What, according to you, can be the reasons for such welfare frauds happening in the country?\n(d) Are there any ways and means to prevent such fraud? Give your suggestions.","20","Answer in 250"],[39,"9 You are posted in the Department of Mines, and one of your roles is to help your Department Head negotiate mining leases with private contractors. Recently, the state government demarcated a new mining zone and planned to invite bids for the mining blocs. You were instructed to oversee the bidding process and speed up the contract negotiations. As planned, the tenders were released, bids came in, and tenders were allocated as per the norms. All this happened at a breakneck speed. You wondered, why the hurry? But it was not your place to think and question; you quietly went about your work. As the contractors were about to start operations, you had to instruct them on environmental concerns to watch out for. And to do that, you read the environmental impact assessment report submitted by a consulting firm hired by the department. To your surprise, the report was shoddy and looked cooked up. You got suspicious and raised the issue with your Head, who politely instructed you to do what you were told, and he reminded you that the Department had revenue targets and was under pressure from the Ministry. After the meeting, you, on your own accord, did some digging and found out that the report was fraudulent and the mining activity that was about to start would lead to a massive environmental disaster which the State could not afford.\n(a) What are the issues and value violations you notice in the above case?\n(b) What are the options available to you?\n(c) Discuss the advantage and disadvantages of each option and identify your chosen course of action.\n(d) Do you think that environmental considerations are sometimes overrated at the cost of development?","20","Answer in 250"],[44,"1 (a) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\n(b) Do you think GAMA should consider the international ethics while expanding its corporate business? If yes, why? If no, why not?\n(c) Do you think a corporation's social responsibility extends to the international community? If yes, why? If no, why not?\n(d) Do you think defense companies involved in sensitive technology transfer should be regulated by their respective governments? Or will regulation reduce their entrepreneurship and innovation? Discuss.","20","250"],[45,"(b), (c), (d) (b) Do you think corporate businesses such as GAMA must consider international ethics while pursuing business interests? Why/why not?\n(c) Do you think a corporate's social responsibility extends beyond one's immediate community to the international community? Why/Why not?\n(d) Do you think the Defence sector companies marketing sensitive technologies must be regulated by their respective governments, or regulation may curtail their entrepreneurial and innovation energy? Discuss.","20","Answer in 250"],[47,"6) GAMA must consider ethics because:-\ni) To ensure proper implementation of Universal Declaration of Human Rights :-\nii) To ensure commerce with morality (Gandhian idea)\niii) Kant's deontology :- There can be no wrong means like trading with military junta to gain right aim of making monetary benefits.","",""],[50,"11. (a) इस मामले में कौन-से नैतिक और व्यावसायिक मुद्दे शामिल हैं?\n(b) श्री शर्मा और सीईओ के पास कौन-कौन से विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\n(c) क्या आपको लगता है कि बिक्री कार्यबल को स्वतंत्रता देने की संगठनात्मक संस्कृति के कारण समस्या उत्पन्न हुई या व्यक्ति की भ्रष्ट प्रवृत्ति के कारण समस्या उत्पन्न हुई? चर्चा कीजिए।\n(d) जैसा कि इस मामले में बताया गया है, ऐसे अनैतिक व्यवहार को रोकने के लिए कंपनी कौन-से नैतिक तंत्र और उपाय निर्माण और कार्यान्वित कर सकती है? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए) 20 अंक\na) इस मामले में कौन-से नैतिक और व्यावसायिक मुद्दे शामिल हैं?\nb) श्री शर्मा और सीईओ के पास कौन-कौन से विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\nc) क्या आपको लगता है कि बिक्री कार्यबल को स्वतंत्रता देने की संगठनात्मक संस्कृति के कारण समस्या उत्पन्न हुई या व्यक्ति की भ्रष्ट प्रवृत्ति के कारण समस्या उत्पन्न हुई? चर्चा कीजिए।\nd) जैसा कि इस मामले में बताया गया है, ऐसे अनैतिक व्यवहार को रोकने के लिए कंपनी कौन-से नैतिक तंत्र और उपाय निर्माण और कार्यान्वित कर सकती है?","20 अंक","250 शब्दों में"],[51,"(a) What are the ethical and business issues involved in the case?\n(b) What are the options available to Mr. Sharma and the CEO?\n(c) Do you think the organizational culture of giving freedom to the sales force led to the issue or was the individual's corrupt nature that led to the problem? Discuss.\n(d) What ethics mechanisms and steps can the company create and implement to prevent unethical behavior, as mentioned in the case? (Answer in 250 words) 20 marks\na) What are the ethical and business issues involved in the case?\nb) What are the options available to Mr. Sharma and the CEO?\nc) Do you think the organizational culture of giving freedom to the sales force led to the issue or was the individual's corrupt nature that led to the problem? Discuss.\nd) What ethics mechanisms and steps can the company create and implement to prevent unethical behavior, as mentioned in the case? (Answer in 250 words) 20 marks","20","250"],[55,"(a) उपरोक्‍त मामले में कौन-कौन से मुद्दे शामिल हैं?\n(b) आपको क्या लगता है रश्मि को क्या करना चाहिए? क्या रश्मि के लिए स्थानीय प्रशासन को शामिल करना अच्छा विचार होगा? कार्यान्वयन योग्य कार्यवाही का सुझाव दीजिए।\n(c) क्या आपको लगता है कि कंपनियों को उस क्षेत्र की सामाजिक समस्याओं के लिए भी जिम्मेदारी स्वीकार करनी चाहिए जहाँ वे अपना कार्य करती हैं? अगर हाँ तो क्यों, अगर नहीं तो क्यों नहीं?\n(d) श्रमिक संघ की इतनी आक्रामक प्रतिक्रिया के क्या कारण हो सकते हैं? आपके अनुसार रश्मि को कर्मचारी संघ को कैसे संभालना चाहिए?","20 अंक","250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए"],[56,"(a) What are the issues involved in the above case?\n(b) What do you think Rashmi should do? Would it be a good idea for Rashmi to involve local administration? Suggest an implementable course of action.\n(c) Do you think companies should also accept responsibility for the social problems of the region where they operate? Why/why not?\n(d) What could be the reasons for such an aggressive reaction from the workers union? How do you think Rashmi should handle the workers union?\na) What are the issues involved in the above case?\nb) What do you think Rashmi should do? Would it be a good idea for Rashmi to involve local administration? Suggest an implementable course of action.\nc) Do you think companies should also accept responsibility for the social problems of the region where they operate? Why/why not?\nd) What could be the reasons for such an aggressive reaction from the workers union? How do you think Rashmi should handle the workers union?","20","Answer in 250"]]},{"i":498,"t":"Manika Gupta","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/072dd-1293391_2070_manika-gupta_rank_127.pdf","q":[[3,"Q1 (a) Differentiating between courage and bravery, discuss why courage is often thought of as first of all virtues.","",""],[6,"(b) Discuss how social, cultural and religious factors act as determinants of ethics.","",""],[8,"Q2 (a) Bring out the relevance of Gautam Buddha in contemporary times.","",""],[10,"(b) If one takes care of the means the end will take care of itself. Discuss.","",""],[12,"Q3 (a) Explain the relevance of the following in context of civil services:\n(i) Impersonality\n(ii) Anonymity","",""],[14,"(b) With the help of relevant egs., bring out the difference between the following:\n(i) Intelligence Quotient and Emotional Quotient","",""],[16,"Q4.(a) What do you understand by political neutrality? Explain its significance in public service.","",""],[18,"(b) There is more to integrity than honesty. Illustrate with examples. Also, suggest ways to inculcate integrity as a value in civil services.","",""],[19,"How to inculcate integrity","",""],[20,"(c) What do you understand by probity? Why is it considered essential for good governance?","",""],[22,"Q5 a) Although utilitarianism is arguably the most reason-based approach to determining right and wrong, it has obvious limitations.","",""],[24,"b) What do you understand by ethical dilemma? Explain with examples how it leads to crisis of conscience.","",""],[26,"06) What is code of conduct? How is it different from code of ethics?","",""],[28,"b) Bring out the relevance of the 7 principles of public life stated by Nolan Committee in the Indian context, with the help of examples.","",""],[40,"Q9. India, being a welfare state takes steps to preserve the health of its citizens by banning the promotion of certain harmful substances. This is in line with Article 47 of the constitution.\n(a) Ethical issues in surrogate advertising\n1) Deception to consumers -> This is against professional ethics and personal ethics as one is taking advantage of information asymmetry.\n2) Commercial gain prioritised over health\n3) Freedom of choice for the consumers and argument against state paternalism","",""],[47,"Q11 With Digital Revolution, the online gaming industry has boomed and brought with itself its own set of ramifications.\n(a) Social issues in online gaming","",""],[54,"Q1 (a) Differentiating between courage and bravery, discuss why courage is often thought of as first of all virtue.","",""]]},{"i":500,"t":"Mansi Singh","c":"Vision","p":"GS1","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/be13d-709839_2928_mansi-singh_rank_126.pdf","q":[[6,"1. How does tribal art provide valuable insights into the cultural perspectives and values of Indian tribal communities? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[8,"2. Compare and contrast the approach of Mahatma Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru towards the Indian freedom struggle.","10","Answer in 150"],[10,"3. What are the key factors that accelerated decolonization post-World War II? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[12,"4. How does human encroachment impact water bodies in urban areas? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[14,"5. How do physical geographical features influence the development and operation of transportation systems? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"6. How are ocean trenches formed? Describe the significant characteristics of these oceanic relief formations.","10","Answer in 150"],[18,"7. Identify the reasons behind increasing number of extreme rainfall events throughout India in recent times. Assess their socio-economic impact.","10","150"],[20,"8. India is expected to have the largest working-age population in the world by 2030 and it cannot afford low participation of women in the workforce anymore. Discuss.","10","150"],[22,"9. Do you agree that there has been a progressive secularization of caste in India? Support your view with relevant examples. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[24,"10. Why is inequality increasing in India despite the fall in overall poverty? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[26,"11. How did the competitive and hostile dynamic between Brahminism and Buddhism over funding, followers, and ideology mark the decline of Buddhism? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[29,"12. European travellers' accounts in the medieval period have played an important role in shaping our understanding of the empires and people of that period in India. Comment.","15","250"],[32,"13. The British victory in the Battle of Plassey in 1757 not just changed the course of Indian history but also that of the world. Discuss.","15","Answer in 250"],[34,"5 Provide source of funding that not only helped in ending Anglo-French rivalry but later helped Britishers in WWI and WWII. Yet, not that much pivotal","",""],[35,"14. Why was it more difficult to rehabilitate refugees in West Bengal as compared to Punjab after partition? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[38,"15. Discuss the economic and social costs associated with the transition from coal to green energy in India. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[41,"16. Explain the process of formation of volcanic calderas. How do they contribute to the scenic beauty of the region? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[44,"17. What are the reasons behind the increased frequency and intensity of heat waves globally? How will it impact global food security?","15","Answer in 250"],[47,"18. Identifying the characteristics of the grassland biome, mention the threats posed to Banni grasslands in India. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[50,"19. India's approach to secularism does not merely challenge inter-religious domination but intra-religious domination as well. Discuss.","15","Answer in 250"],[53,"0. Do you agree with the view that Indian cities are turning into landscapes of stark inequality and social exclusion? What steps can be taken to make urban areas more egalitarian in India?","15","250"]]},{"i":501,"t":"Mansi Singh","c":"Vision","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/c8cc3-709839_2368_mansi-singh_rank_126.pdf","q":[[9,"4 Justice Ramanna called for online Dispute Resolution for faster delivery of justice along with pre-litigation measures.\n Role of ODR in Just, speed and effective resolution dispute","",""],[15,"1 \"Civil services decides the growth and development paradigm of nation\" - book \"Why Nation fail\"\nA) Due to politician-civil servant nexus as civil servants are at mercy of politician due to transfer policy (Hota Committee)\nB) Breeds \"culture of impunity\" as no checks and balances are ensured.\nC) Leads to 'Suited-booted' plutocracy due to 'MAI BAAP CULTURE' as civil servants are not then answerable for omission and commission.","",""],[29,"13 Prevention of Atrocities Act, 1989 is a landmark legal mandate to reduce violence and discrimination against SC and STs.\nRole Role in preventing atrocities and providing protection","",""],[41,"17 Reasons for poor access to healthy food","",""]]},{"i":502,"t":"Mansi Singh","c":"Vision","p":"GS3","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/368b1-709839_2369_mansi-singh_rank_126.pdf","q":[[3,"1 The recent panchamrit pledge of India calls for Net Zero Emission by 2070 that calls for energy transition in transport sector.\n Hurdles faced by energy transition of transport sector","",""],[13,"6 Role of Media in disaster management\n1 Disseminating information in timely manner for effective evacuation [As done during Amphan cyclone]\n2 Creating Awareness among people about disaster management\n3 In highlighting infrastructural loopholes in disaster preparedness (eg. Cover head under table during earthquake, stormy blockage pipe)","",""],[22,"3) Terrorism and media\na) global cooperation like UNODC, RATS of SCO etc.\nb) Operation Pigeon of Kerala to prevent online radicalisation\nc) create awareness","",""]]},{"i":499,"t":"Mansi Singh","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/256a9-709839_2359_mansi-singh_rank_126.pdf","q":[[3,"Q1 (a) Whether blowing is event of exposing mal-practices that are prevalent in an organization by its own member. eg. known revelation\n Ethical Implications of Whistle blowing in a work environment","",""],[21,"Q6 a Participatory governance is essential for effective service delivery as mentioned under Sevottam Model.\n1 Bring accountability and transparency (eg. Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan led to RTI).\n2 Unearth corruptive practices (eg. recently MPLAD fund scam in Bengal came to notice).\n3 Bring efficiency in service delivery (eg. social auditing of MGNREGA).\n4 Bring inclusion and exclusion errors (eg. SECC, 2011 has point for engaged of public).","",""],[38,"4 Candidate who missed election due to malpractice\na) Trust in selection process\nb) breakdown of one's own morale and loose faith in hardwork","",""]]},{"i":995,"t":"Manuj Jindal","c":"Lukmaan","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1dEG7GqYHNOEn-VnmyjA9wYH3uxRQfMYU/view","q":[[3,"1 (a) What are human nature and its role in guiding human conduct? How human nature of Indian people can be described?\n(i) It is due to human nature that India has peace and harmony in our society.\n(ii) Human nature of people is responsible for no or slow progress of our country in many aspects.","10","150"],[6,"(b) The idea of 'minimum government and maximum governance' has become a popular model of governance today. In the light of this statement, analyse the following questions with suitable illustrations and in the end explain how ethics can help in reconciling both views?\ni. It propagates the philosophy of Mahatma Gandhi-that people should govern themselves, that is, self governance.\nii. This idea runs afoul to the fact that people cannot govern themselves, they must be governed.","10","150"],[9,"2. (a) Since there are law, rules, regulations, ethics and conscience to guide public servants conducts, most of the time they may face moral dilemma. In this context consider the following questions:\ni. In such situation one should give preference to law and rule over conscience as the latter is difficult to establish objectively.\nii. Explain with any specific example which has conflict between them that how you will overcome such moral dilemma?","10","150"],[10,"2. (b) Socialisation can be considered as the ethical eco-system for a child which shapes his/her future character and conduct.\ni. Discuss how socialisation has undergone changes in 21st century from that of 20th century?\nii. There is a view that traditional values have eroded. Discuss how it has posed challenges in values inculcation to social institutions such as family and parents?","10","150"],[11,"3. Given are two quotations of moral thinker/philosophers. For each of these, bring out what it means to you in the present context:\n(a) \"It is easy to hate and it is difficult to love. This is how the whole scheme of things works. All good things are difficult to achieve; and bad things are very easy to get.\"","10","150"],[14,"3. (b) \"The world is a dangerous place to live; not because of the people who are evil, but because of the people who don't do anything about it\" (150 words) [10]","10","150"],[16,"4. (a) Should society adhere to its tradition and culture or it should accept change? In this context consider the following questions:\ni. Tradition and culture give identity to society and hence, it should not be changed.\nii. Change is inevitable, it is only unchanging reality.\n In the end, discuss how ethics can help in bringing clarity on the above issue.","10","200"],[17,"4. (b) Discuss the following questions based on role and responsibility of an ethical public administrator.\ni. He/she must pay attention to both, immoral means to attain moral ends; and moral means to attain moral ends.\nii. He/she must prefer policy impartiality over ethical neutrality.","10","150"],[18,"5. There is a view that in the last three decades governments have given too many rights to citizens such as in terms of local bodies, Citizen's charter, RTI, RTE, whistle-blowing law, rights getting expansion due to innovative interpretation by judiciary, etc. In the light of this statement, answer the following questions.\ni. They have strengthened democracy at the cost of governance.\nii. They have strengthened both governance and democracy but at the cost of economic growth.","10","150"],[20,"6. Discuss the reasons why public servants are expected for more discipline in their conduct than others and hence there are code of conduct and code of ethics for them? Is a public servant only a public servant during office hours or ethical norms should be practiced outside office hours also? Explain.","10","150"],[23,"7. What is meant by bureaucratic work culture and how it is different from professional work culture? Discuss the factors responsible for their distinctive characteristics. Do you think that a fully professionalised bureaucracy will not suit to Indian conditions? Give justification to your view.","10","150"],[26,"8. All nations give first priority to their citizens for example they are given some constitutional rights which are not enjoyed by people of other countries. Doesn't it show giving preference to citizen over human? Is it ethically justifiable to divide people on the basis of citizenship, that is, territorial sovereignty? Illustrate and explain.","10","150"],[29,"9. Due to increase in the incidents of stalking, kidnapping and rape in moving vehicle, life of women has become unsafe in one such city. There have been reports of two murders both are related to stalking. In both cases, women were married and had children as well. In both cases, police have been informed and formal complaints were filed but still the menace was not addressed. Interestingly, in one such case when complaint was filed by the woman, the constable himself became stalker.\nThese incidents have found wide coverage in the media which has further abetted fearfulness and lack of safety to women. It is also a setback to the city police which has in past special drives for creating awareness on women safety and has taken many measures including community policing.\na) Suppose you are the Deputy Police Commissioner in the city then what more specific measures will be taken to tackle the menace of stalking and other issues?\nb) Discuss the behavioural problems of the police in this case and whether disciplinary action as transfer is sufficient or there in need for upholding police accountability if it is, so how?","20","250"],[34,"10. There is a report of racism at one such international airport of the country. Miss A has alleged that the immigration officer 'humiliated' her by repeatedly asking questions about her nationality. The officer looked at her passport and told you didn't look like an Indian. The officer also asked her other inappropriate questions like number of states in the country and the number of states bordering her state.\n\nAlthough she has not filed a formal complaint but the incident has gone viral on social media. There have been reactions also from all quarters including government of India. It is very shameful for the country that people belonging to a particular region are still doubted on their nationality.\n\nSuppose you are the head of the immigration department of the airport then\na) Give your reaction to the above incident.\nb) Evaluate the following options and choose the most appropriate one, giving reasons\n\ni. No any courses of action will be taken as it is one-off incident.\nii. Only warning should be issued to the officer that he should not repeat in future.\niii. First allegation should be established and Miss A should be persuaded to file a formal complaint to proceed for disciplinary action against the officer.\niv. Warning should be issued to the officer and a sensitisation programme should be initiated in the department about for appropriate conduct.","20","250"],[39,"11. Recently, a metropolitan city which is also the NCT of the country is experiencing extreme air pollution due to which it has been unofficially declared as 'environmental emergency'. The city appears to be like a gas chamber.\nThe immediate causes are burning of crops stubbles in vicinity states and fire crackers on the festive occasion. The other factors are related with city lifestyle wherein most of the human polluting activities remain largely unregulated. Other cities in the country which are close to the vicinity states have also started facing air pollution problems.\nThe emergency like situation has resulted into respiratory related problems such heart and asthma and children are being considered as the most vulnerable. One death has also been reported.\nSuppose you are the head of the pollution department of the city then\na) Is it failure of environmental governance or a human failure? Analyse the factors responsible for failure of regulation of human activities in the city.\nb) What should be the immediate steps taken to tackle the emergency?\nc) Discuss the medium and long term steps so that the city air pollution is contained at acceptable.","20","250"],[44,"12. A wrestler who has participated at international and national events gets his birth to represent India in the upcoming Olympic through a court battle replacing the sportsperson who won a medal in the last Olympic.\n\nWhen few days are left in the event, there are reports of doping against him. He alleges for foul practices by some people in his foods. Initial investigation also happens from this angle. He is being portrays as clean.\n\nThe Indian anti-doping agency also clears his name which is challenged in the world anti-doping agency. This agency rule against the wrestler and consequently, he loses chance to participate in the Olympic. At this stage, India loses chance to replace him in the category he could have participated. Most importantly, image of the country has suffered.\n\nSuppose you were the concerned authority to take a final decision on his participation and replacement at early stage when the controversy first surfaced then\na) Discuss the courses of action that you could have followed and give reasons in justification.\nb) What steps should be taken by the sports authorities in the country to avoid such embarrassment at national and international level.\nc) To what extent adoption of a code of sports ethics at national level will help in this regard?","20","250"],[49,"13. There is a historical city in one of the districts of UP. Recently, it has been in news due to controversy on a report by a person of the city that there has been exodus of people only belonging to majority community although they are in minority in the city.\nThe controversy is on the claim that the migration is only due to fear of the dominant community in the city and not due to other reasons such as search for better life, employment, safety and security due to gangsters menace and law and order problems. This has also been corroborated by a report on the issue by the NHRC, which has also become controversial.\nInterestingly, the city has always had communal harmony. It has seen no trace of communal tension even at a time when parts of UP witnessed a lot of violence and communal hatred during 2013.\na) Suppose you are the District Magistrate of that district then what should be your immediate priorities and why?\nb) Discuss the role and significance of various stakeholders you will seek help and why?\nc) Discuss your courses of actions which will be able to not only provide short term solution but also be long lasting in establishing rule of law and peace and harmony in the city.","25","250"],[54,"14. Government has officially decided to construct a nuclear power plant in one district of a state. All the clearances have been done such as design, disaster profiling of the area, population which will be relocated, etc., and the location has been found very ideal for the plant.\n\nSince the location is in remote area which is sparsely populated, there are over 2000 population which are going to be affected in relocation. The locality has children, youths, adult men and women, aged, farmers, local traders and businessmen. They have been living happily in that remote area and with their collective efforts; largely the village has been self reliant.\n\nThey are not against the plant or any developmental project but they also don't want disruption in their lifestyle, social harmony, belongingness and emotional attachment, recreation, business, and farming, which they have narrated to you on your visit to the area. Some of them have even threatened that if this happen, they will commit suicide.\n\nSuppose you are a government officer and has been given with adequate power the task to successfully relocate them, then\na) What will be your order of priority to the above stakeholders while exploring various options and why?\nb) What are the various options available to you?\nc) Evaluate them and choose the most appropriate one, giving reasons.","25","250"]]},{"i":996,"t":"Manuj Jindal","c":"Lukmaanias","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1VHiF2fmY0JWr-aR1iK5U4eQ3RQwwB9FG/view","q":[[3,"1. (a) What do you understand by the concept of civil service accountability? Are you satisfied with the present level of accountability in civil services? Discuss how the role of emotional intelligence becomes important in enhancing accountability?","10","150"],[6,"1. (b) Consider the following questions based on the relationship between religion and law\n\ni. Religious belief shouldn't serve as foundation for morality in a pluralistic society like India.\nii. Law should prevail over religion whenever there is conflict between the two.\nDiscuss how ethics can help having a better understanding of conflict between religion and law?\ni. Religious belief shouldn't serve as foundation for morality in a pluralistic society like India.\nii. Law should prevail over religion whenever there is conflict between the two.","10","150"],[9,"2. (a) Since politics and business are inseparable, a good governance ecosystem is a precondition for corporate governance. Comment.","10","150"],[11,"2. (b) Explain whether you will agree or not with the popular impression that in our country now there is no fear of the anti-corruption laws on the part of government officials? Discuss the factors which are responsible for such perception.","10","150"],[14,"3 Given are two quotations of moral thinker/philosophers. For each of these, bring out what it means to you in the present context:\n(a) \"Darkness cannot drive out darkness; only light can do that. Hate cannot drive out hate; only love can do that\".","10","150"],[16,"3. (b) \"Anybody can become angry - that is easy, but to be angry with the right person and to the right degree and at the right time and for the right purpose, and in the right way - that is not within everybody's power and is not easy\".","10","150"],[19,"4. (d) Distinguish the following with suitable examples.\ni. Responsibility from fiduciary responsibility\nii. Courage from courage of conviction\niii. Integrity from impeccable integrity\niv. Probity from probity in public life","10","200"],[20,"4. (b) \"An honest civil servant should not be harassed by anybody or agency or institution while in service or after retirement. It would make the civil servants working in the system nervous, which would not be in the interest of the country\". Comment.","10","150"],[23,"5. What is 'success in life' for you? Explain with relevant references and examples. Discuss its importance in your life. Do you think success is essential for recognition in society?","10","150"],[26,"6. \"A Constitution may indicate the direction in which we are to move, but the social structure will decide how far we are able to move and at what pace\". In the light of this statement, do you think that attitudes held by us are the main cause of lack of desirable level change in our society? Discuss the hurdles faced in changing such attitude?","10","150"],[29,"7. The role of Media is very important in shaping people's thought and action. In this regard consider the following:\ni. Media should stand for peace and not for war.\nii. Media shouldn't take side in the name of nationalism.\nDiscuss how media ethics can help in explaining the above questions.","10","150"],[32,"8. In the face of prevalent circumstances, our efforts at combating corruption suffer for three basic reasons: -\n(i) Absence of a basic or minimal code of conduct that applies uniformly to every holder of public office or authority, irrespective of the wing of the State to which he belongs;\n(ii) A procedure that offers escape routes, at every step of the way, to the delinquent; and\n(iii) Lack of will or initiative on the part of authorities in catching the bull by the horns.","10","150"],[33,"9. You are in a subordinate position as a Revenue Officer next to the district head of your department. Your department is entrusted with revenue collection in the district. Annual and the corresponding monthly targets are duly achieved in the district where you are posted and the performance of that district is considered to be satisfactory and even good as compared to other districts in the state. Eventually, you come to know that there is more potential for revenue collection and hence you start applying more efforts. Your enthusiasm to collect more revenue has not gone well in the administration. You are advised from above and below your rank to maintain status quo or face consequences. All the staff seems to be in collusion and you have good evidence to believe that the nexus goes to the departmental headquarter.\n(a) Identify the various actions that you could take;\n(b) Evaluate the pros and cons of each of your actions.\n(c) What should be the most appropriate action in your view? Give adequate justification.","20","250"],[34,"10. You are the Chief Judicial Magistrate of a district and you have also administrative authority on district judiciary. In due course, a four days leave from work falls and everyone seems to enjoy the holidays. On the third day of the leave, you come to know through TV channels that one of your subordinate judges had been caught in a raid on a hotel, famed for prostitution in the neighbouring country.\nHowever, the judge is released without any case registered against him and is freed by the local police of the neighbouring country. The neighbouring country did it due to good relation with our country.\nAlthough the news did not reach to the press and public of your district, but staff members are aware about such incident. Majority of staff members want only warning should be given, but the other want the erring judge to be sacked.\n(a) What should be your courses of action in this case and discuss why they are necessary?\n(a) Discuss some feasible strategies to avoid such type of embarrassment in future.","20","250"],[37,"11. A joint operation has been started by security forces in a naxal affected area after one such ambush by naxalites in which some people and security personnel were killed.\nThe operation has not received encouraging success. The local media in that area, has been reporting all the progress on day to day basis and it has been critical to security forces for their lack of success.\nThe security forces are of view that the role of media is having demoralising effect on police force, on the one hand, and morale boosting for naxalites, on the other.\nYou are District Magistrate of one such affected district. You have become popular due to your democratic way of handling the naxalites which has also resulted into surrenders in past.\nYou get a call from the head of the joint operation to curtail media freedom and ensure that the local media reports in favour of administration. Even you are told not to shy away if there is need to gag media and arrest some journalists.\n(a) What are the options available to you in this situation?\n(b) Evaluate the pros and cons of each of your options and choose the most appropriate one, giving reasons.","20","250"],[41,"12. The ministry of health appointed an expert team to conduct epidemiological study on the health of 1,000 agricultural workers to know the impact of pesticide exposure on health. The study finds that there are adverse impacts on the health of agricultural workers such as the possibility of skin cancer. The report finds its way in media which result into public outcry. However, the ministry rejects the findings of the team as it does not find satisfactory.\nThe ministry of environment has requested the ministry of health not to disclose the findings unless it carries its own study to verify the facts as its expansion plan for genetically modified seeds may get affected.\nAn RTI activist applies for information to PIO of ministry of health. Now, the PIO is in dilemma what he should do? So far, the PIO has a good record of disclosing information for which he has been recently appreciated.\nSuppose you are the PIO then discuss the merits and demerits of the following options and choose the most appropriate one, giving reasons.\n(a) The PIO should consult the higher authority and act as per the advice.\n(b) The PIO should refuse to disclose the information as it is sensitive and can create law and order problem.\n(c) The PIO should partially disclose the information which is not related to the adverse impact on health.\n(d) The PIO should disclose the complete information to maintain his good record.","20","250"],[46,"13. Under the ambitious interlinking of rivers programme, one state Chief Minister on the occasion of inauguration mentioned that khus grass should be laid in and around the confluence of the two rivers to promote tourism.\nMr A is a sincere, honest and dedicated senior district forest officer. On the basis of the CM wishes, he issued tender for this grass and eventually, over Rs. 15 lakh was spent to buy 5 lakh ton grass and they were planted in around the confluence.\nSince due to flood, the grass planted were swept away, the department again started efforts to lay down the grass then it was found that there were irregularities and corruption. It has been reported that on paper, the quantity of grass shown is different from the quantity planted. Proper labourers were not also employed rather passers' by were given the task but interestingly, bill vouchers for wages have been issued.\nSuppose you are the Principal Chief Conservator of Forests of the state and you have been give task to take appropriate steps then how do you view the following questions\na) Whether the issues in the case study are more about corruption rather than administrative efficiency?\nb) Although Mr A has dedication towards service but lacks work culture ethics.\nc) The issues are not about efficient utilisation of public fund but rather about quality of service.\nd) In your view, what should be the most appropriate action against Mr A? Give proper justification.","25","250"],[52,"14. There is a very strange story of electrification of a village in one state. The village is divided by a 50 feet road. The higher caste live on the one side of the road and people belonging to the lower caste live on the other side of the road.\nThe power supply in the village has created a wide gulf between the two sections' living standards. On one hand, the upper caste has all the modern facilities such as TV, refrigerators, coolers and other luxury goods, but on the other, the lower caste struggle even if there is electric poll. They have to get their mobiles' charged through battery and children have to study under lantern.\nWhen the people belonging to lower caste went in past to electricity department to get power connection, they were refused on certain excuse. Recently, media has reported the incidents of discrimination.\nThe power department is under huge pressure from the forward caste not to supply electricity to lower caste area and have threatened that if power is supplied, the village will experience violence.\na) Suppose you are the Executive Engineer of the district and the matter come to your knowledge then how you will handle the situation to redress the grievances of people belonging the lower caste?\nb) In this case, what is more important for you: not disturbing the harmony or eliminating caste discrimination, which will necessarily result into disharmony?\nc) Discuss your strategies for similar cases in villages where caste discrimination prevails to eliminate such practices and ensure sustained harmony.","25","250"]]},{"i":503,"t":"Maurvie Tiwari","c":"Forumias","p":"Essay","y":2025,"r":90,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/MAURVIE-TIWARIUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-90-Sample-ESSAY-Copy-3.pdf","q":[[3,"1. True leadership lies in serving not ruling.","",""],[16,"1. The great aim of education is not knowledge but action.\n2. The global south must redefine development through cooperation and justice.\n3. There is no health without mental health.\n4. If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich.","",""]]},{"i":504,"t":"Maurvie Tiwari","c":"Forumias","p":"GS3","y":2025,"r":90,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/MAURVIE-TIWARIUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-90-Sample-MGP-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) How would you explain the anomaly of chronic hunger and malnutrition coexisting with surplus food grain production in the country? How can this anomaly be resolved?","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Animal husbandry is the key to supplement farm income, make agriculture sustainable and enhance value addition in food processing chain. Discuss and evaluate the various government measures to boost animal husbandry sector.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) Despite their flaws in limiting access to larger market and poor price realization for agricultural produce, APMCs have their utility. Analyse the statement and suggest reforms in agriculture marketing in the country.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) Cropping pattern in the country does not concur with the agro-climatic reality, leading to unintended and undesirable consequences. Comment.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) Digital technologies can transform agriculture into an enterprise. Examine and identify various constraints in application of ICT in agricultural sector.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) Reforms in Public distribution system (PDS) and Food Corporation of India (FCI) are two sides of the same coin. Discuss the statement along with suitable reforms in PDS and FCI.","15","250"],[16,"Q.7) India is one of the largest producers of food, yet Food Processing Industry (FPI) is not well developed in the country. Examine the inhibiting factors and recommend some remedial actions to promote FPIs.","15","250"],[19,"Q.8) Direct income transfer to farmers can improve production, increase resilience to market volatility and encourage adoption of new farming techniques. Analyze the various benefits and bottlenecks of the PM-Kisan Yojana.","15","250"],[22,"Q.9) Discuss the rationale behind declaring Minimum Support Price (MSP) and various issues related to MSP regime in the country. Do you think that providing legal backing to MSP is necessary and sufficient for making farming financially sustainable?","15","250"],[25,"Q.10 How far do you agree that green revolution has made the present generation food sufficient at the cost of nutritional security of future generations? Also, recommend measures to transform green revolution into evergreen revolution.","15","250"],[27,"1) Implement recommendations of\na) crop diversification\nb) Implement Model Land Leasing Act\nc) Increase cropping intensity\nd) Turning farming into an enterprise by using best business practices","",""]]},{"i":505,"t":"Mayank Purohit","c":"Forumias","p":"GS3","y":2025,"r":33,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/MAYANK-PUROHIT-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-33-Sample-MGP-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) Explain the significance of the recent changes made to the Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) with respect to labour market data estimation in the country","10","150"],[4,"Q.8) Highlight the key provisions of the Disaster Management (Amendment) Act, 2025. How would the amendment help strengthen the disaster management framework in the country?","10","150"],[5,"Q.15 Launched on 25th June 2025, the Axiom-4 (Ax-04) mission has been much in the news since then. What are the key features of the mission? What significance does it hold for the Gaganyaan project and India's long-term space ambitions?","15","250"],[9,"Q.3 Genome-edited or GE crops are crops whose genes have been altered through removal, modification or addition without introducing foreign genes.\n1. Enhance field rates of crops Eg: GE rice by ICAR.\n2. Produce draught tolerant crops to overcome effects of climate change.\n3. Enhance nutritional profile Eg: Golden rice containing vitamin A.\n4. Resistance to herbicides and pesticides to prevent impact due to pests.\n5. Better absorption of nutrients to increase efficiency of meals.","",""],[23,"Q.10 According to a report by Symantec, India is the 3rd most vulnerable country to cyber attacks.\n1. Rise in cyber attacks => eg: AIIMS attack of 2023.\n2. Use in warfare => eg: Pakistan sponsored attack during op. Sindoor.\n3. Targeting critical infrastructure => eg: Wanna-cry worm in Kundan Kulum power plant.\n4. Affect economic security => eg: Attack on Mumbai local trains system.\n5. Use of non-state actors => low cost but high damage to target.","",""],[25,"Q.11 IBC, 2016 was introduced to streamline insolvency proceeding under SARFAESI Act which were cumbersome and time consuming.\n1. Reduce delays in insolvency and bankruptcy cases. -> strict timelines (330 days)\n2. Greater say of creditors in proceedings through Committee of Creditors.\n3. Free up productive assets and recycle them back to economy.\n4. Promote Ease of Doing Business in India.\n5. Address Chakravyuh challenge (Economic survey) -> Easy to get in, difficult","",""],[28,"Q.12 India's startup ecosystem has grown exponentially with more than 1 lakh startups and 100 Unicorns (> 1 billion $)","",""],[41,"2. Pumped storage hydro-power is water moved up the dam when surplus power, released when deficit to generate electricity.\nMerits 1) High storage capacity.\n2) Sustainable (no pollution).\n3) Low long term costs.\n4) Can be integrated into existing projects.\nDemerits 1) Not scalable.\n2) Location specific potential.\n3) Flooding of nearby areas.\n4) Silting and maintenance may enhance costs.","",""]]},{"i":506,"t":"Mayank Purohit","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":2025,"r":33,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/MAYANK-PUROHIT-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-33-Sample-MGP-Copy-2.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) ‘Unconscious biases in parenting continue to shape gendered experiences in India.’ Do you agree with this view? Discuss.\nb) Distinguish between empathy and compassion. Why are they considered as foundational values in public services?","10","150"],[4,"Q.4) a) “With great power comes great responsibility.” In the present context, ‘Big Tech’ headquartered in developed countries wield disproportionate influence over digital infrastructure, personal data, and global narratives—often prioritising profit over ethical considerations. What ethical principles should guide such corporations in building a fair, inclusive, and just global digital framework?\nb) What do you understand by the term ‘crisis of conscience’? Describe an incident from your life where you experienced such a crisis. How did you deal with it?","10 marks, 150","150"],[5,"Q.6) a) Public spaces serve as arenas of democratic participation and civic expression. Yet in India, they remain deeply gendered, with many women largely confined to the private and domestic sphere. Examine the factors that restrict women’s access to public spaces. How can ethical governance help address the issue of gendered spatial control and promote inclusivity in public spaces?\nb) Write short notes on the following in 30 words each:\ni) Ethical fading\nii) Conflict of interest\niii) Persuasion\niv) Work culture\nv) Corporate governance","10 marks, 150","10"],[6,"Q.7 A State Government in the northeastern part of the country has launched a series of anti-encroachment drives across forest areas, wetlands, and revenue lands. Under the directions of the Chief Minister, the administration has intensified efforts to reclaim public land, particularly in areas reserved for ecological protection and critical infrastructure development. Most of the time, these actions have been backed by court orders and have resulted in the recovery of thousands of hectares of land. However, in certain regions, the implementation of such drives is fraught with social and political complexities. In several districts, settlements have existed for decades and are inhabited by marginalized communities with limited access to legal rights or formal rehabilitation measures. These areas are often politically sensitive and influenced by local leaders and pressure groups.\nSimanta is posted as Additional Deputy Commissioner (ADC) in one such district. Over the past year, the district administration has attempted to align eviction measures with welfare outreach, including the provision of temporary shelters, relocation assistance, and public consultations. Recently, a major operation was scheduled to clear encroachments from over 140 hectares of forest land within a Reserved Forest, primarily to curb rising instances of human-elephant conflict and to restore ecological balance. Anticipating eviction, some residents approached the High Court seeking a stay. However, the court refused to grant it and directed the administration to proceed with the eviction following due process. Notices were served, and a detailed roadmap was prepared to carry out the operation, which was expected to last 2–3 days due to the scale and remote location. On the first day, Simanta led a team comprising forest officials, municipal workers, and police personnel. Demolitions were conducted peacefully and without major resistance. However, on the second day, when the team returned to the site, a large group of agitated residents—primarily women and children—had gathered. They raised slogans and formed human chains to prevent further evictions. The atmosphere grew tense when some individuals began throwing stones, resulting in serious injury to a municipal worker. The crowd grew increasingly volatile and emotionally charged, demanding an immediate halt to the operation. The police contingent present on the ground was outnumbered by the crowd. Faced with this crisis, some team members pleaded with Simanta to call off the operation, fearing threats to their life and the possibility of a violent escalation. Simanta attempted to contact his superior officer (the Deputy Commissioner), but due to poor mobile connectivity in the forested area, communication could not be established. Meanwhile, several local journalists had arrived and begun reporting on the incident. Simanta is in a dilemma as to what to do.\na. Evaluate the options available with Simanta to cope with the situation.\nb. Which of the above options would be the most appropriate for Simanta and why?\nc. What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by Simanta?\nd. Examine the qualities of a public servant which will be required to manage such situations.","20","250"],[7,"a. स्थिति से निपटने के लिए सिमंता के पास उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन करें।\nb. सिमंता के लिए सबसे उपयुक्त होगा और क्यों?\nc. सिमंता को किन नैतिक दुविधाओं का सामना करना पड़ रहा है?\nd. ऐसी परिस्थितियों का प्रबंधन करने के लिए एक लोक सेवक के गुणों का परीक्षण करें।","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[8,"a. Suggest a course of action Megha can take to sensitize her village community without appearing disrespectful or confrontational.\nb. What ethical principles and methods should guide her actions while engaging with the community?\nc. How is menstruation related to human rights?","20","250"],[9,"You are the officer-in-charge of implementing PMAY-G in the district. The case of Gopal reaches you through a prominent newspaper report. You personally visit him to understand the situation on the ground. After meeting him and listening to his account, you feel that he certainly needs support. Your enquiries confirm that he is truly destitute and living in a pitiable condition under the open sky. It is also established that he demolished his house based on a faulty interpretation of the scheme by panchayat officials. However, he has no documents to show that he fulfils the eligibility criteria under the scheme. Now you are in a dilemma. Including him under the scheme without the necessary documents would clearly be a violation of rules. But denying him support would be cruel and inhuman.\na. Can you think of a rational way to resolve this dilemma?\nb. Give your reasons for it.\nc. What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?","20","250"],[10,"a. Discuss the ethical issues involved in the case.\nb. Examine the behavior of DPDO from an ethical point of view.\nc. How would you react to the situation?\na Discuss the ethical issues involved in the case.\nb Examine the behavior of DPDO from an ethical point of view.\nc How would you react to the situation?","20","250"],[11,"a. Bring out the ethical issues involved in this case.\nb. What are the options available to Nithin?\nc. Critically examine each of the options identified by Nithin.\nd. Which of the options, do you think, would be more appropriate for Nithin to adopt and why?\na. Bring out the ethical issues involved in this case.\nb. What are the options available to Nithin?\nc. Critically examine each of the options identified by Nithin.\nd. Which of the options, do you think, would be more appropriate for Nithin to adopt and why?","20","250"],[12,"Q.12 You are appointed as an officer heading the Air Quality Compliance Division of the Environment Pollution Control Board in Delhi-NCR. The region is witnessing alarming levels of air pollution, which typically worsen during the winter months due to various meteorological and anthropogenic factors. The situation has led to severe public health concerns, particularly affecting vulnerable groups such as the elderly, children, and those with respiratory illnesses. The Supreme Court has also raised serious concern over the deteriorating air quality in Delhi-NCR and has directed the administration to take immediate and effective measures to control pollution, especially during the winter months. Your jurisdiction has a large number of small and medium-scale industries that were granted environmental clearance over the years. These industries form the backbone of the local economy and provide employment to a significant number of migrant workers. However, recent inspections and air quality monitoring reports indicate that a significant number of these units are operating in violation of prescribed air emission norms. As part of targeted measures to curb air pollution, you issued notices to all identified polluting units, directing them to apply for fresh environmental clearance certificates from the competent authority. However, your decision triggered strong opposition from a section of industrial units, labour unions, and local politicians. Industrial owners argued that such action would lead to production shutdowns, financial losses, and shortages of their products in the market. Labour unions and workers also protested, fearing mass unemployment and livelihood insecurity. Local politicians and vested interests accused you of jeopardising the socio-economic stability of the region. You received representations from various quarters urging you to withdraw the notices and not initiate harsh measures, citing the interests of multiple stakeholders. Additionally, you began receiving anonymous threats, aimed at coercing you into reversing your decision. On the other hand, several of your colleagues supported your stance, encouraging you to act in the larger public interest. Several local NGOs and environmental groups rallied behind your actions, demanding the immediate closure of polluting units.\na Under the given conditions, what are the options available to you?\nb Critically evaluate each of the options listed by you.\nc What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by you?","20","250"]]},{"i":509,"t":"Md Ishteyaque Rahman","c":"Forumias","p":"Essay","y":2025,"r":354,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/MD-ISHTEYAQUE-RAHMANUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-354-Sample-MGP-ESSAY-1.pdf","q":[[3,"1. True leadership lies in serving not ruling.\n2. Democracy is not just the right to vote, it is the right to live in dignity.\n3. Growing regional aspirations and demand for greater autonomy: A challenge to Indian federalism.\n4. The ballot is stronger than the bullet.","",""],[16,"1. The great aim of education is not knowledge but action.\n2. The global south must redefine development through cooperation and justice.\n3. There is no health without mental health.\n4. If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich.","",""]]},{"i":507,"t":"Md Ishteyaque Rahman","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2025,"r":354,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/MD-ISHTEYAQUE-RAHMANUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-354-Sample-MGP-COPY-3.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) To what extent, in your opinion, have the ideals of the Preamble been realised in the country's 75-year constitutional journey?","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) The evolution of property rights in India reflects an intricate relationship that exists between individual rights and public welfare. Discuss this statement with the help of relevant constitutional provisions and case laws.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3 Under what conditions can the 'National' Emergency be proclaimed by the President of India? What are the consequences when such a proclamation remains in force? When was it last imposed in the country?","10","150"],[9,"Q.4 'Lack of a binding framework for pre-legislative consultations in India limits citizen engagement in the lawmaking.' Propose measures to strengthen the role of public consultation in the legislative process.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5 'The recommendations of the 15th Finance Commission have enabled the States to improve their fiscal conditions.' Comment.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6 In what ways do industry and business associations contribute to socio-economic development in the country? Explain with suitable examples.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7 \"India's poverty lies in the eyes of the beholder.\" In light of this statement, examine the need for a credible and periodically updated poverty estimation framework in the country.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) The Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act, 2012 falls short of achieving its intended objectives. Comment.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9 'Starved of funds, shackled by geopolitics, WHO is facing a crisis of capacity and credibility.' Discuss the statement in the light of USA's withdrawal and its accusation of the health body of being 'biased towards China and mishandling the COVID-19 pandemic'.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10 The world continues to operate in a 'my terrorist' versus 'your terrorist' paradigm. Explain. What strategies would you suggest to develop a unified, comprehensive, and rules-based global approach to tackle the menace of terrorism?","10","150"],[23,"Q.11) Briefly explain the procedure laid down in the Representation of the People Act (RPA), 1951 for the registration of political parties with the Election Commission of India (ECI). What are Registered Unrecognised Political Parties (RUPPs)? What concerns are associated with them? Does the ECI have powers to de-register a political party?","15","250"],[26,"Q.12 Assess the role of NITI Aayog over the past decade in promoting cooperative and competitive federalism.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 'The post of Deputy Speaker goes beyond ceremonial significance and is indispensable to Indian parliamentary democracy.' Discuss with relevant constitutional provisions and conventions. Also, examine the implications of the prolonged vacancy of the Deputy Speaker's post.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14) Is the growing demand for stricter regulation of online content justified, or does it pose a threat to the right to freedom of speech and expression? Examine in light of recent judicial pronouncements.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 Critically examine the 'in-house procedure' adopted by the Apex Court to inquire into allegations of misconduct against judges of constitutional courts in India.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16) Recent controversies over alleged malpractices in the electoral rolls have renewed demands for the mandatory linkage of Aadhaar with Voter ID. What is your opinion? Give reasons in support of your answer.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17) Lateral entry into civil services is seen as a reformative step, yet it continues to attract criticism and controversy. Discuss.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 While rankings aim to benchmark the performance of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs), concerns remain about whether current ranking frameworks reflect the broader goals of education. Suggest measures to make the ranking system more objective, inclusive, and aligned with educational and societal outcomes.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 Examine the factors behind the growing salience of the Arctic region in international politics. Discuss, in this context, strategies for India to recalibrate its Arctic engagement.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 Bangladesh is a key pillar of India's Neighborhood First policy, but recent developments on both sides threaten to disrupt the 'Sonali Adhyay' in bilateral relations. Analyze.","15","250"]]},{"i":508,"t":"Md Ishteyaque Rahman","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":2025,"r":354,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/MD-ISHTEYAQUE-RAHMANUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-354-Sample-MGP-COPY-4.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) 'Unconscious biases in parenting continue to shape gendered experiences in India.' Do you agree with this view? Discuss.","10","150"],[5,"b) Distinguish between empathy and compassion. Why are they considered as foundational values in public services?","10","150"],[7,"Q.2) a) The current society is witnessing rising levels of intolerance. What are the consequences of this situation for personal well-being and for societal well-being? What can one do at the personal level to become tolerant?","10","150"],[9,"b) What are the main components of emotional intelligence and how does it help an individual in taking ethical decisions?","10","150"],[11,"Q.3) Given below are the three quotations of great thinkers. What do each of these quotations convey to you in the present context?\na) \"This life is short, the vanities of the world are transient, but they alone live who live for others, the rest are more dead than alive.\" - Swami Vivekanand","10","150"],[13,"b) \"If you cry because the sun has gone out of your life, your tears will prevent you from seeing the stars.\" - Rabindranath Tagore","10","150"],[15,"c) \"Two ways of building character - cultivating strength to challenge oppression, and tolerate the resultant hardships that give rise to courage and awareness.\" - Sardar Patel","10","150"],[17,"Q.4) a) \"With great power comes great responsibility.\" In the present context, 'Big Tech' headquartered in developed countries wield disproportionate influence over digital infrastructure, personal data, and global narratives—often prioritising profit over ethical considerations. What ethical principles should guide such corporations in building a fair, inclusive, and just global digital framework?","10","150"],[19,"b) What do you understand by the term 'crisis of conscience'? Describe an incident from your life where you experienced such a crisis. How did you deal with it?","10","150"],[21,"Q.5) a) \"A politics of confession that encourages politicians and parties to confess and offer regret for their errors can surely be a cathartic experience.\" Examine the statement from the ethical point of view.","10","150"],[23,"b) What are the key objectives of the Right to Information Act, 2005? Examine the ethical concerns associated with certain provisions of the Digital Personal Data Protection Act in realizing the objectives of the RTI Act.","10","150"],[25,"Q.6) a) Public spaces serve as arenas of democratic participation and civic expression. Yet in India, they remain deeply gendered, with many women largely confined to the private and domestic sphere. Examine the factors that restrict women's access to public spaces. How can ethical governance help address the issue of gendered spatial control and promote inclusivity in public spaces?","10","150"],[27,"b) Write short notes on the following in 30 words each:\ni) Ethical fading\nii) Conflict of interest\niii) Persuasion\niv) Work culture\nv) Corporate governance","10 marks, 150","30 words each"],[29,"Q.7) A State Government in the northeastern part of the country has launched a series of anti-encroachment drives across forest areas, wetlands, and revenue lands. Under the directions of the Chief Minister, the administration has intensified efforts to reclaim public land, particularly in areas reserved for ecological protection and critical infrastructure development. Most of the time, these actions have been backed by court orders and have resulted in the recovery of thousands of hectares of land. However, in certain regions, the implementation of such drives is fraught with social and political complexities. In several districts, settlements have existed for decades and are inhabited by marginalized communities with limited access to legal rights or formal rehabilitation measures. These areas are often politically sensitive and influenced by local leaders and pressure groups.\nSimanta is posted as Additional Deputy Commissioner (ADC) in one such district. Over the past year, the district administration has attempted to align eviction measures with welfare outreach, including the provision of temporary shelters, relocation assistance, and public consultations. Recently, a major operation was scheduled to clear encroachments from over 140 hectares of forest land within a Reserved Forest, primarily to curb rising instances of human-elephant conflict and to restore ecological balance. Anticipating eviction, some residents approached the High Court seeking a stay. However, the court refused to grant it and directed the administration to proceed with the eviction following due process. Notices were served, and a detailed roadmap was prepared to carry out the operation, which was expected to last 2-3 days due to the scale and remote location. On the first day, Simanta led a team comprising forest officials, municipal workers, and police personnel. Demolitions were conducted peacefully and without major resistance. However, on the second day, when the team returned to the site, a large group of agitated residents—primarily women and children—had gathered. They raised slogans and formed human chains to prevent further evictions. The atmosphere grew tense when some individuals began throwing stones, resulting in serious injury to a municipal worker. The crowd grew increasingly volatile and emotionally charged, demanding an immediate halt to the operation. The police contingent present on the ground was outnumbered by the crowd. Faced with this crisis, some team members pleaded with Simanta to call off the operation, fearing threats to their life and the possibility of a violent escalation. Simanta attempted to contact his superior officer (the Deputy Commissioner), but due to poor mobile connectivity in the forested area, communication could not be established. Meanwhile, several local journalists had arrived and begun reporting on the incident. Simanta is in a dilemma as to what to do.\na. Evaluate the options available with Simanta to cope with the situation.\nb. Which of the above options would be the most appropriate for Simanta and why?\nc. What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by Simanta?\nd. Examine the qualities of a public servant which will be required to manage such situations.","20","250"],[30,"a. स्थिति से निपटने के लिए सिमंता के पास उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन करें।\nb. सिमंता के लिए सबसे उपयुक्त होगा और क्यों?\nc. सिमंता को किन नैतिक दुविधाओं का सामना करना पड़ रहा है?\nd. ऐसी परिस्थितियों का प्रबंधन करने के लिए एक लोक सेवक के गुणों का परीक्षण करें।\na स्थिति से निपटने के लिए सिमंता के पास उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन करें।\nb सिमंता के लिए सबसे उपयुक्त होगा और क्यों?\nc सिमंता को किन नैतिक दुविधाओं का सामना करना पड़ रहा है?\nd ऐसी परिस्थितियों का प्रबंधन करने के लिए एक लोक सेवक के गुणों का परीक्षण करें।","","20 अंक"],[34,"Q.8) Megha is a first-year sociology student at a reputed college in the national capital. She is originally from Tadchiroli, a tribal village in a western Indian state. Megha's family migrated to the city when she was seven years old and had not visited their village since. Though Megha has fond memories of her childhood there, she never deeply understood the customs and traditions of the region. One day, Megha expresses her wish to visit Tadchiroli. Her father agrees and asks her to inform Ratan, her paternal uncle, who still lives in the village with his family. Megha informs Ratan and travels to the village during a semester break. Upon arrival, she receives a warm welcome from Ratan and his family. Later, Ratan invites her to attend a local festival. During the event, Megha notices that her cousin Rinki is missing. Curious, she asks Ratan's wife Ratna why Rinki is not at the festival. Ratna explains that Rinki is on her period, and as per tradition, menstruating girls must stay separately in small huts built specifically for the purpose. Locally known as 'kurma ghars', they are generally located on the periphery of the village, near a river or pond. She further adds that these girls are not allowed to enter the main house or participate in any social or religious activities. Megha is taken aback. She asks whether all women follow this practice. Ratna nods and says it has been the custom for generations. Even schoolgirls stay in these huts and miss classes during their periods. Ratna admits that many in the village, including herself, never questioned the practice. The explanation unsettles Megha. She finds it hard to believe that a natural biological function leads to such exclusion. Before returning to the city, Megha observes that even educated family members seem to accept and follow these customs. The experience leaves a deep impact on her. She starts reading more about menstrual taboos and their impact on women's health, dignity, and education. As a sociology student, she recognises how such traditions are linked to patriarchy and social stigma. She begins to reflect on what she can do at her level to improve the current situation, without alienating the community or disrespecting its traditions.\na. Suggest a course of action Megha can take to sensitize her village community without appearing disrespectful or confrontational.\nb. What ethical principles and methods should guide her actions while engaging with the community?\nc. How is menstruation related to human rights?","20","20"],[35,"a. मेधा द्वारा अपने गांव के समुदाय को असम्मानजनक या टकरावपूर्ण व्यवहार किए बिना संवेदनशील बनाने के लिए अपनाई जा सकने वाली कार्यवाही का सुझाव दीजिए।\nb. समुदाय के साथ जुड़ते समय उसके कार्यों को किन नैतिक सिद्धांतों और तरीकों से निर्देशित किया जाना चाहिए?\nc. मासिक धर्म मानव अधिकारों से किस प्रकार संबंधित है?","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[39,"Q.9 Gopal is an 80-year-old man living in a remote and an underdeveloped village in a Central Indian state. He had been residing in a small mud house for years. When he came to know about the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana–Gramin (PMAY-G), he saw a glimmer of hope for a pucca house in the last phase of his life. However, the village sarpanch and panchayat secretary told him that to be eligible under the scheme, he must first demolish his existing house so that during a site inspection, no structure would be visible at the location. Subsequently, Gopal demolished his shelter and began living under a babool tree. For nearly six months, he has been staying in the open, braving harsh weather conditions. During this time, he has repeatedly visited the panchayat office but has been told that his application cannot be processed as he lacks the necessary documents.\nYou are the officer-in-charge of implementing PMAY-G in the district. The case of Gopal reaches you through a prominent newspaper report. You personally visit him to understand the situation on the ground. After meeting him and listening to his account, you feel that he certainly needs support. Your enquiries confirm that he is truly destitute and living in a pitiable condition under the open sky. It is also established that he demolished his house based on a faulty interpretation of the scheme by panchayat officials. However, he has no documents to show that he fulfils the eligibility criteria under the scheme.\nNow you are in a dilemma. Including him under the scheme without the necessary documents would clearly be a violation of rules. But denying him support would be cruel and inhuman.\na. Can you think of a rational way to resolve this dilemma?\nb. Give your reasons for it.\nc. What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?","20","250"],[44,"Q.10 You are working as an Assistant Section Officer in the District Development and Panchayat Office. One day, one of your close colleagues approaches you in deep distress. She tells you that her father is suffering from a severe liver condition, and the doctors have clearly stated that he must undergo liver transplant immediately in order to survive. She shares that she has no health insurance, and the surgery would cost around Rs 15 lakh. You are aware that her husband passed away a few years ago, and that she also has a four-year-old son with special needs. Just a few weeks ago, she also lost all her savings in a digital arrest scam. As a widow from a lower middle-class family, her options are extremely limited. Although you feel deeply empathetic, you are unable to offer financial assistance, as you do not have the resources to help.\nA few weeks later, you enquire about her father's health. She informs you that the liver transplant surgery was successful and that her father is now recovering steadily. Relieved, you ask how she managed to arrange the funds. Hesitantly, she confides that the District Development and Panchayat Officer (DDPO) helped her. Moved by her situation, the DDPO facilitated the release of Rs 15 lakh from the fund allocated to a rural sanitation scheme. The implementation of this scheme had been put on hold for a year due to technical issues and pending site approvals. She explains that the amount was provided on the assurance of strict confidentiality and with a commitment to repay it at the earliest. She expresses deep gratitude for the DDPO's timely help, which she believes saved her father's life. She has already begun repaying the money and will continue to do so until it is all returned.\na. Discuss the ethical issues involved in the case.\nb. Examine the behavior of DPDO from an ethical point of view.\nc. How would you react to the situation?","20","250"],[49,"Q.11) Nithin is the head of the Marketing Department at Pehnava Clothings Ltd., a reputed apparel manufacturing company with a strong global presence. Known for its professionalism and consistent performance, the company had earned a credible name in both domestic and international markets. However, the firm was going through difficult times. For three consecutive quarters, it had witnessed a steep decline in sales. This trend had raised serious concerns among the top management regarding the company's competitiveness, profitability, and long-term stability. To address the situation, the leadership decided to restructure the marketing division and bring in dynamic leadership. A senior marketing executive, Mr. A, was hired after a rigorous selection process. He had an impressive career record and was known for turning around sales performance in other firms and building strong brand identities. With high expectations placed upon him, Mr. A was seen as the key figure to steer the company out of crisis. Mr. A soon began delivering results. Within a year, the company's revenue had almost doubled, and its brand visibility had increased significantly. His bold marketing strategies, proactive outreach, and innovative campaigns received appreciation from various quarters within the company. His performance drew the attention of the top management. There were deliberations about assigning him a larger role within the company, with a focus on long-term business strategy. He was also being considered for an internal award for 'Excellence in Leadership and Innovation'. However, alongside professional success of Mr. A, Nithin began receiving troubling feedback about his conduct in the workplace. Informal reports indicated that he frequently made inappropriate comments about women. In addition, he regularly sent indecent messages via social media apps to all team members, including his female colleagues. Although no formal complaint was lodged initially, Nithin could sense tension within the team, and signs of discomfort were becoming increasingly apparent. Some employees even started avoiding direct interaction with Mr. A. Team morale and interpersonal trust were gradually eroding, but employees remained hesitant to speak openly. The matter escalated one evening when Mrs. X, one of Mr. A's team members approached Nithin. Visibly disturbed and emotionally shaken, she disclosed that Mr. A had repeatedly engaged in inappropriate behavior towards her. She added that Mr. A had been making undesirable advances towards her and had even tried to touch her inappropriately in his cabin. She urged Nithin to take appropriate action in the matter, or else she would have no option but to resign from her position.\na. Bring out the ethical issues involved in this case.\nb. What are the options available to Nithin?\nc. Critically examine each of the options identified by Nithin.\nd. Which of the options, do you think, would be more appropriate for Nithin to adopt and why?","20","20"],[50,"a. इस मामले में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों को स्पष्ट करें।\nb. नितिन के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\nc. नितिन द्वारा पहचाने गए प्रत्येक विकल्प का आलोचनात्मक परीक्षण करें।\nd. नितिन के लिए कौन सा विकल्प अपनाना अधिक उपयुक्त होगा और क्यों?\na इस मामले में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों को स्पष्ट करें।\nb नितिन के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\nc नितिन द्वारा पहचाने गए प्रत्येक विकल्प का आलोचनात्मक परीक्षण करें।\nd नितिन के लिए कौन सा विकल्प अपनाना अधिक उपयुक्त होगा और क्यों?","","20 अंक"],[59,"When must you seek mentorship?","",""]]},{"i":512,"t":"Medha Anand","c":"Nextias","p":"GS1","y":null,"r":13,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/ee21bf4c91767f03906ea17bc7230b10/125/air-13-medha-anand_test-1_gs1.pdf","q":[[6,"1. Numerous foreign travellers have vividly documented their observations of the Vijayanagara Empire over time, offering valuable sources for reconstructing its history. Elucidate.","10","Answer in 150"],[8,"2. 'Adi Shankaracharya had a profound role in uniting seemingly irreconcilable worldviews of thought'. In this context discuss his philosophical thought and its lasting impact on Indian philosophy.","10","150"],[10,"3. Do you agree that Dr BR Ambedkar's view of the caste problem was more political than social? Also highlight his efforts aimed at social reform.","10","150"],[12,"4. How does oceanic salinity vary across different regions of the world's oceans, and what factors contribute to these variations?","10","Answer in 150"],[14,"5. Explain the origin of Indian islands in the Bay of Bengal and the Indian Ocean.","10","Answer in 150"],[16,"6. Examine the factors contributing to India's groundwater crisis, and its implications for agriculture and water security in the country.","10","150"],[18,"7. What are critical minerals, and how do they influence technological advancement and national security?","10","Answer in 150"],[20,"8. How does fostering pluralism within Indian society contribute to the endeavour of nation-building?","10","Answer in 150"],[22,"9. Discuss the changing nature of problems the working class is facing due to the emerging gig economy.","10","Answer in 150"],[24,"10. Homogenisation tendencies as a result of globalisation have in fact preserved and promoted the local cultures of India. Comment.","10","Answer in 150"],[26,"11. What are the circumstances that led to the disintegration of the USSR and the end of the Cold War? How did the end of the cold war contribute to the spread of Globalization across the world?","15","Answer in 250"],[29,"12. How did the enduring legacy of the Harappan Civilization leave a mark on the evolution of Indian culture, even after its sudden decline?","15","Answer in 250"],[32,"13. How did Mahatma Gandhi's participation in the Khilafat Movement illustrate his ability to connect diverse issues and mobilize different communities towards a common cause? To what extent did the Khilafat movement achieve its objective?","15","Answer in 250"],[35,"14. How is Transit Oriented Development (TOD) linked to the concept of a sustainable urban transportation system? Discuss its impact on overall enhanced quality of life for citizens.","15","Answer in 250"],[38,"15. Although desert landscapes across the world reflect many similarities the process of desertification is influenced by local factors. Elaborate with suitable examples.","15","Answer in 250"],[41,"16. Explain the various stages of the formation of The Great Himalayas. How Eastern Himalayas is different from Western Himalayas?","15","250"],[44,"17. Describe the significance of eco-sensitive zones in environmental conservation and provide examples of how they are designated and managed in different geographical regions?","15","250"],[47,"18. How has the pandemic reshaped the landscape of education, and what long-term effects might these changes have on teaching methods and learning outcomes?","15","Answer in 250"],[50,"19. Analyze the factors behind the upsurge of ethnic identity struggle in the context of India, and discuss their implications for the country's social fabric.","15","Answer in 250"],[53,"20. How does patriarchy differently impact the dynamics of the workplace vis a vis the household?","15","Answer in 250"]]},{"i":510,"t":"Medha Anand","c":"Nextias","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":13,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/ee21bf4c91767f03906ea17bc7230b10/112/air-13-medha-anand_test-2_gs2.pdf","q":[[6,"1. The recent Supreme Court judgments on human rights issues mark a remarkable shift in using International law and treaties not just as a source of inspiration but as a source of law. Examine with reference to relevant case laws.","10","Answer in 150"],[8,"2. The United States and India have their own distinctive jurisprudence on freedom of speech and expression despite the similarities in constitutional provisions. Analyse.","10","Answer in 150"],[10,"3. Fundamental Duties are a reminder that citizenship is not merely a passive status but an active engagement. Discuss. What are the challenges in their legal enforcement?","10","Answer in 150"],[12,"4. Discuss the mandate of the Central Administrative Tribunal (CAT). To what extent earlier SC verdicts have resolved the jurisdictional tussle between CAT and High courts? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[14,"5. 'Equality under the Indian constitution is not merely about formal equality, it also incorporates the idea of substantive equality'. Discuss this statement in light of constitutional provisions and relevant Supreme Court judgments.","10","150"],[16,"6. Pressure groups and political parties are inherently similar in their objective to democratise the political process, however, more and more pressure groups today aspire to transform into political parties. Elaborate and highlight the factors that are encouraging this transformation.","10","150"],[18,"7. Can the infusion of foreign educational institutions be a transformative step in enhancing the global competitiveness of higher education in India and addressing the prevailing quality challenges? Justify with reason.","10","Answer in 150"],[20,"8. To address the limitations of the public health system, how can the private sector contribute effectively to bridging the gap to ensure equitable and accessible healthcare for all? Discuss.","10","Answer in 150"],[22,"9. There is an urgent need for global cooperation to eradicate poverty and hunger. In this context analyse how international cooperation can impact efforts to address the challenges of poverty and hunger.","10","Answer in 150"],[24,"10. The changing global dynamics require prompt effective and meaningful reforms within the World Trade Organization (WTO), to ensure its relevance and capacity to address modern trade complexities. Discuss.","10","150"],[26,"11. How has the 69th Constitutional amendment led to Delhi's dual governance dilemma? Discuss its impact on cooperative federalism as envisaged in the Constitution.","15","Answer in 250"],[29,"12. \"Constitution envisages an independent judiciary, not insulated judiciary\"; In the light of the given statement, discuss the issues associated with the appointment of judges in the higher judiciary and explore alternatives to the current system.","15","Answer in 250"],[32,"13. The National Commission for Scheduled Tribe (NCST) has largely been confined to a monitoring and advisory role. What are the impediments in the functioning of NCST despite the constitutional status, also suggests reforms.","15","Answer in 250"],[35,"14 Under what circumstances can the Governor reserve a state bill for the consideration of the President and why is the provision controversial? Also, discuss the reforms suggested by Punchhi Commission in this regard.","15","250"],[38,"15. The Ninth Schedule fabricated a constitutional paradox to safeguard laws related to socio-economic justice from being challenged under the fundamental right to property. Does the ninth schedule have any relevance in present times? How did the IR Coelho judgment resolve this paradox?","15","Answer in 250"],[41,"16. \"Central Information Commission stands as the guardian of democracy, with an unwavering relevance to good governance.\" Justify the context in terms of the mandate of the CIC. Has the statutory status limited the effectiveness of the commission in recent times?","15","Answer in 250"],[44,"17. Discuss the significance of the POCSO Act in ensuring the safety and protection of children against sexual offences. What changes would you suggest to the present Act to enhance its effective implementation?","15","Answer in 250"],[47,"18. 'Technology serves as the catalyst for reshaping the traditional contours of bureaucracy, propelling it to become more efficient, transparent, and citizen-centric.' Explain and also explore how the integration of technology can expedite governmental efforts aimed at modernizing the civil service.","15","Answer in 250"],[50,"19. India and US have had an oscillating relationship in the past, to what extent has the relationship acquired depth in recent times? How should New Delhi navigate its relationship with the US after its sharp divergence with Washington on the issue of the Russia-Ukraine war?","15","Answer in 250"],[53,"20. How has the India-ASEAN partnership evolved since the implementation of the 'Look East Policy'? In what ways can India leverage the increasing strength of its economy alongside geopolitical realities as opportunities to foster closer India and ASEAN relations?","15","Answer in 250"]]},{"i":511,"t":"Medha Anand","c":"Nextias","p":"GS3","y":null,"r":13,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/ee21bf4c91767f03906ea17bc7230b10/118/air-13-medha-anand_test-3_gs3.pdf","q":[[6,"1. Differentiate between Consumer Price Index (CPI) and Wholesale Price Index (WPI). Do you think that CPI is a better measure of inflation as compared to WPI? Substantiate.","10","Answer in 150"],[8,"2. Jobless growth is an inherent feature of India's growth trajectory. What are the major reasons behind the high unemployment rate in India? Suggest remedial measures to improve the overall employment growth rate in India.","10","Answer in 150"],[10,"3. Bringing urea under the NBS Scheme is seen as the panacea for all the issues related to fertiliser subsidies in India as well as for the environmental problems of agriculture. Highlighting the issues related to urea management, suggest reforms are required to improve the usage of urea in a sustainable manner in India.","10","150"],[12,"4. India's food security faces challenges from not just domestic factors but also global factors. Comment. Discuss some ways to strengthen India's food security.","10","Answer in 150"],[14,"5. Recently, India became the 27th signatory to the Artemis Accord led by NASA. Critically analyse its implications for the space exploration programmes in India.","10","150"],[16,"6. How does the decomposition of organic matter in the soil contribute to the carbon cycle, and what are the key factors that influence this process?","10","150"],[18,"7. Climate change mitigation and adaptation strategy is not only about reducing future emissions but also involves active removal of already released carbon into the atmosphere. In this context what do you understand by the concept of Carbon Capture, Utilisation and Storage (CCUS) and discuss the progress of the international community in this regard. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[20,"8. Poor building design, flagrant violations of building codes and fire safety norms and overcrowding of spaces are responsible for the rising risk of fires in urban areas. Discuss.","10","150"],[22,"9. Ethnic conflicts and cross-border migration along India-Myanmar and India-Bangladesh borders impact India's internal security. Comment.","10","Answer in 150"],[24,"10 What are the main challenges faced by law enforcement agencies in investigating and prosecuting cases of money laundering, and how can they be overcome?","10","150"],[26,"11. Low tax buoyancy often translates into higher deficits and debt. Can a higher direct tax rate improve the overall tax-to-GDP ratio in India? What other steps can be undertaken to revamp the overall tax structure in India? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[29,"12. Why have Indian startups failed to realise their potential? What steps can be undertaken to improve the profitability and performance of startups in India?","15","Answer in 250"],[32,"13. Import of edible oils forms a major part of India's import bill. In this context, evaluate the importance of the recently launched National Mission on Edible Oils and Oil Palm (NMEO-OP). What are the environmental concerns related to increasing palm oil production in India?","15","Answer in 250"],[35,"14. A robust livestock economy can act as a parallel source of farmers' income. Highlighting the role of the livestock economy in the agriculture sector in India discuss the challenges faced by the livestock sector in India. Suggest interventions that can strengthen the livestock sector to contribute to the overall well-being of the farmers.","15","Answer in 250"],[38,"15. Nuclear fusion has been hailed as the energy source of the future, with the potential to provide clean, safe, and virtually limitless energy. Discuss the scientific principles behind nuclear fusion and the challenges and opportunities in harnessing this technology for practical applications.","15","Answer in 250"],[41,"16. What have been the difficulties in the administration of IPRs in India? Suggest measures to improve the administration of IPRs in order to encourage an innovation-led economy in India.","15","Answer in 250"],[44,"17. The recent amendments in the Wildlife Protection Act provide a framework to prevent illegal trade in wild animals and plants to ensure that their survival is not threatened. In this regard, mention the implications of illegal wildlife trade in India and analyse the effectiveness of the recent amendments to address the issue. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[47,"18. Analyse the factors that contribute to the increased incidence and severity of floods in urban areas and the measures that can be taken to reduce the risk and enhance the resilience of the population.","15","Answer in 250"],[50,"19. Do you think that intelligence and law enforcement agencies in India have the necessary resources and capabilities to effectively tackle the link between organised crime and terrorism?","15","Answer in 250"],[53,"20. India needs to update its Information Technology Act, of 2000 to deal with emerging internal and external communication security and to make the cyber ecosystem more safe and secure. Discuss.","15","Answer in 250"]]},{"i":513,"t":"Medha Anand","c":"Nextias","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":13,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/ee21bf4c91767f03906ea17bc7230b10/140/air-13-medha-anand_test-4_gs4.pdf","q":[[6,"1. (a) Most civil servants are neither pure deontologists nor pure utilitarians, but they operate according to a kind of ethical pluralism. Do you agree? Discuss your position with suitable examples.","10","Answer in 150"],[8,"1. (b) The motivation to seek a career in public service and perform public service can be due to attraction to public service, commitment to public values, self-sacrifice and compassion. Among the four, what is the primary public service motivator for you? Explain your motivating factor.","10","150"],[10,"2 (a) One of the critical areas of governance is developing policies for managing public health emergencies such as COVID. While tackling such health emergencies, the government may take measures that involve the abdication of liberty on the part of the citizens. According to you, what ethical principles should guide the government's public health policymaking?","10","Answer in 150"],[12,"2 (b) Identify any four components of emotional intelligence relevant to public services. Explain their role in administrative decision-making.","10","150"],[14,"3. (a) Values lie at the core of the diverse world of human behaviour and are expressed in every human decision and action. In keeping with the above statement, explain with the help of illustrations how values impact an individual's behaviour.","10","Answer in 150"],[16,"3. (b) Explain the difference between codes of ethics, codes of conduct and codes of rules and regulations. Do you think an increase in the number of codes and regulations is an efficient response to the decline of public trust and integrity issues? Why/why not?","10","150"],[18,"4. Explain the meaning of the following quotations and discuss their contemporary relevance.\n(a) The root of happiness is Dharma (righteousness), the root of Dharma is Artha (economy), the root of Artha is right governance.\" (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[20,"4. (b) \"The most important human endeavour is the striving for morality in our actions. Our inner balance and even our existence depend on it. Only morality in our actions can give beauty and dignity to life.\" (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[22,"4. (c) \"Humility is the most difficult of all virtues to achieve; nothing dies harder than the desire to think well of oneself.\"","10","Answer in 150"],[24,"5. (a) Prioritising ethical concerns within public administration and policy has monetary costs in terms of training and other expenses. Do you think the financial cost of actively pursuing ethical standards by the government is justified? Discuss.","10","150"],[26,"5. (b) Distinguish between administrative, legal and professional accountability. Despite multiple institutional accountability mechanisms, the government has failed to make a dent in systemic corruption. What do you think are the reasons for the poor performance of accountability mechanisms?","10","Answer in 150"],[28,"6. (a) Economists view transparency as a condition for open markets and political scientists view it as a condition for public participation. What does transparency imply in public administration ethics? Is it only a flow of information or more than that? Explain.","10","150"],[30,"6. (b) Persuasion performs a number of positive, prosocial functions. However, people often equate persuasion with manipulation and consider it unethical. What are the ethical values a persuader must respect to ensure the ethicality of the act of persuasion? Explain.","10","150"],[32,"You are the VP (Operations) of a company that manufactures and supplies space probes and satellite equipment to Government space agencies. The company has been in the business for over four decades and has built considerable expertise in producing and delivering high-quality products. The business was good.\nAs VP of Operations, it was your responsibility to ensure the completion of projects and deliverables on time. A critical deliverable was running behind schedule due to the non-availability of a specific raw material. The material in question was an environmentally hazardous chemical that the Environmental Ministry banned. But considering the importance of the chemical compound for the space industry, the Environment Ministry was planning to allow controlled use in about three weeks. You and the company management didn't have three week waiting time.\nFurther, there was severe pressure from the Department of Space to complete the deliverable on time as a lot was riding politically on the project. After internal discussions, you met the Space Department officials to explain the predicament and request a deadline extension. When the meeting happened, you were shocked by the attitude of the Department officials. They refused to accept any delay and suggested circumventing the environmental ministry's prohibition and procuring and using the chemical. They justified it by saying the ministry would allow controlled use in a few weeks. So, why wait? Besides, they noted that the environment ministry doesn't understand space priorities and their intricacies. They pointed out that everything is justified in the name of national interest.\n1. What are the issues involved in the above case?\n2. What are the options available to you?\n3. Discuss the merits and demerits of each option and select your chosen course of action.\n4. What do you understand by National Interest? Do you think it is ethically justified for a nation to prioritise security and economics over and above social justice and social development priorities?","20","250"],[33,"1 Issues involved\n(a) Completion of project in the given timeline is a priority for space programs.\n(b) Use of hazardous chemical by illegal procuring it might danger lives - what if a spill occurs? Who will take responsibility.\n(c) Attitude of space department officials who are ready to circumvent rules to reach a hasty decision.\n(d) What happens to space program, if the project is not delivered on time?","",""],[37,"8 (a) इस मामले से जुड़े नैतिक मुद्दे कौन-कौन से हैं?\n(b) आपके पास कौन-से विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\n(c) सभी विकल्पों का विश्लेषण कीजिए और अपने द्वारा चुने हुए विकल्प को स्पष्ट कीजिए।\n(d) क्या आपको लगता है कि उपरोक्त मामले में ग्राहक की गोपनीयता और विश्वास के उल्लंघन को उचित ठहराया जा सकता है? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए) 20 अंक\na) इस मामले से जुड़े नैतिक मुद्दे कौन-कौन से हैं?\nb) आपके पास कौन-से विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\nc) सभी विकल्पों का विश्लेषण कीजिए और अपने द्वारा चुने हुए विकल्प को स्पष्ट कीजिए।\nd) क्या आपको लगता है कि उपरोक्त मामले में ग्राहक की गोपनीयता और विश्वास के उल्लंघन को उचित ठहराया जा सकता है?","20 अंक","250 शब्दों में"],[38,"1. What are the issues involved in the case?\n2. What are the options available to you?\n3. Select your course of action after analysing all the options\n4. Do you think breaching client confidentiality and trust can be justified in the above case? (Answer in 250 words) 20 Marks","20","250"],[42,"9 (a) उपरोक्त मामले में कौन से मुद्दे और नैतिक दुविधाएँ शामिल हैं?  \n(b) यदि आप प्रभारी अधिकारी होते तो आप मामले को कैसे आगे बढ़ाते?  \n(c) प्रासंगिक विकल्पों का पता लगाएँ और सलाह दें कि रश्मी को क्या कदम उठाना चाहिए।  \n(d) आप विधवा को कैसे देखेंगे - उसके पति के अपराध की साक्षी या आरोपी के रूप में? औचित्य सिद्ध कीजिए।  \n(250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)\na) उपरोक्त मामले में कौन से मुद्दे और नैतिक दुविधाएँ शामिल हैं?\nb) यदि आप प्रभारी अधिकारी होते तो आप मामले को कैसे आगे बढ़ाते?\nc) प्रासंगिक विकल्पों का पता लगाएँ और सलाह दें कि रश्मी को क्या कदम उठाना चाहिए।\nd) आप विधवा को कैसे देखेंगे - उसके पति के अपराध की साक्षी या आरोपी के रूप में? औचित्य सिद्ध कीजिए।","20 अंक","250 शब्दों में"],[43,"1. What are the issues and ethical dilemmas involved in the above case?\n2. How would you proceed with the case if you were the officer in charge?\n3. Explore relevant options and advise what course of action Rashmi should take.\n4. How would you see the widow as a victim of her husband's crime or an accused? Justify.","20","Answer in 250"],[44,"2 As an officer in charge, one will have to proceed on facts\na) Use intelligence to know about the veracity of Rashmi's claim\nb) If widow is a victim, utilize discretionary powers and use file notings to prove her victimisation. Also, provide her safety from the drug peddlers, get her son enrolled in a school and applaud Rashmi for her efforts\nc) If she doesn't come out clean, use the strictest provisions against her, as she is spoiling the youth. Send her child to school to not waste his childhood","",""],[47,"10 You are working as an Assistant Librarian in a State University for ten years. In the last ten years, you had witnessed the growth of the university in all academic and research areas. As the university expanded, it commissioned new departments and research labs, launched new courses and hired new staff. With new academic courses coming in, the library also grew in terms of books, periodicals and online research facilities. The library needed a new team, and it brought in contractual staff. One such contractual library counter staff was Pallavi, who was with the library for four years. She was a diligent staff, meticulous in record-keeping and courteous in public dealings. But somehow the Librarian Mr Thakur had taken a personal dislike to her. He never lost an occasion to insult Pallavi even in the presence of students publicly. Pallavi never complained about this harassment as being a widowed single mother she needed the job, and she didn't want to give any reason to Mr Thakur to dismiss her. One day things went a little out of line with Mr Thakur verbally abusing Pallavi in front of the entire staff. You couldn't bear it, and you wanted to intervene, but you didn't. But the next day when reached the library with your guilty and troubled conscience, you talk to Pallavi and decide to help her.\n1. What are the issues involved in the above case?\n2. What are the options Pallavi has? How should she navigate the issues with Mr Thakur?\n3. What do you think is the problem with Mr Thakur, is it a lack of emotional intelligence or something else?\n4. How do you think you will be able to help Pallavi?","20","Answer in 250"],[48,"1 Issues involved in the above case\na) Reason for Mr Thakur's dislike\nb) Can he publicly humiliate her?\nc) Just because she desperately needs the job, is it ok to abuse her?\nd) Why are others not standing up for her?\ne) What impact will it have on students, what will they learn out of this situation?\nf) How is this mental abuse affecting Pallavi?","",""],[52,"11 (a) आपके अनुसार उपरोक्त मामले में कौन-कौन से नैतिक मुद्दे शामिल हैं?\n(b) उपरोक्त मामले में सांसद के पास कौन-कौन से विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\n(c) सभी विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन कीजिए और सांसद को कार्रवाई का तरीका सुझाइए।\n(d) राजनीतिक और नौकरशाही भ्रष्टाचार के बीच अंतर स्पष्ट कीजिए। क्या नौकरशाही राजनीतिक भ्रष्टाचार पर रोक लगाने में भूमिका निभा सकती है?\n\n1. What do you think are the issues involved in the above case?\n2. What options are available to the MP in the above case?\n3. Evaluate the options and suggest a course of action to the MP.\n4. Distinguish between political and bureaucratic corruption. Can bureaucracy play a role in checking political corruption?\na) आपके अनुसार उपरोक्त मामले में कौन-कौन से नैतिक मुद्दे शामिल हैं?\nb) उपरोक्त मामले में सांसद के पास कौन-कौन से विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\nc) सभी विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन कीजिए और सांसद को कार्रवाई का तरीका सुझाइए।\nd) राजनीतिक और नौकरशाही भ्रष्टाचार के बीच अंतर स्पष्ट कीजिए। क्या नौकरशाही राजनीतिक भ्रष्टाचार पर रोक लगाने में भूमिका निभा सकती है?","20","Answer in 250"],[57,"12 You are a senior engineer working for S & P Constructions, a prominent government contractor. You are working at a construction site building a nuclear reactor facility. Along with other responsibilities at the site, you were also the safety in charge. One day as you did your weekly safety audit, you noticed that the welders had not followed procedures and used the wrong materials in some sections. The situation was hazardous since some defective welds appeared on the water pipes carrying coolant to the reactor core. The rupture of the pipes could cause disaster if safety backups failed simultaneously.\nYou called a meeting of the welding supervisors to instruct them to rectify the faulty weldings. But even after two weeks, the welds were not fixed, and when asked, the supervisors said they had instructions from the superiors to go ahead with the way it is. You were shocked at this compromise of safety. You travelled to the HQ to discuss this with the senior management. Instead of taking corrective action, the senior management transferred you to a different site and warned you about discussing the safety practices of the nuclear site. You needed the job, so you returned to your new workplace quietly.\nAfter five years, the nuclear reactor was in the news for pipe bursts, killing ten engineers and due to the fallout, the neighbouring villages had to be evacuated. You could see your fears coming true. The nuclear facility was shut down, and an inquiry was instituted. You were also summoned for questioning as you handled safety during the construction. You were in a dilemma; tell the truth of safety compromise or hide it and keep the job. Further, your conscience was troubling you that you could have done something five years back instead of quickly taking the transfer.\n1 What are the issues involved in the above case?\n2 What options do you have in the above dilemma?\n3 After evaluating the options, identify which option you would choose.\n4 Do you think whistle-blowing could have been a good option five years back?","20","Answer in 250"],[58,"1) Issues involved\na) Should you speak the truth and risk losing the job?\nb) Should you raise alarm against the superiors who didn't adhere to your advice then?\nc) Was it correct on your part to have left the situation?\nd) How to manage the crisis of conscience that led to the recent mayhem?","",""]]},{"i":997,"t":"Medha Anand","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1LxMkWLa-o3P4HvZPGVlG7nCvrfZirx8A/view","q":[[6,"1. (a) For effective corporate governance to take place in the coming years, why is it important to integrate the ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) metrics with the multi-stakeholder approach? What benefits can be accrued by such integration? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[8,"1. (b) In acts of corruption, the focus is often only on the demand side of the equation, on public officials who abuse their office for private gain. Frequently, the supply side is given less attention. Those who pay bribes are sometimes depicted as innocent parties and victims of extortionary practices of wily public servants. Do you agree that 'collusive corruption', in which there is a willing bribe-giver, is a formidable challenge for institutions fighting corruption?","10","150"],[10,"2. (a) The Citizens' Charters initiative was a response to the quest for solving the problems, which a citizen encountered, day in and day out, while dealing with the organisations providing public services. But the introduction and implementation of Citizens' Charters in the government of India has been difficult due to the old bureaucratic set up and the rigid attitudes of the work force. Discuss the major obstacles that have been encountered in implementing the Citizens' Charter initiative.","10","150"],[12,"2. (b) Quality of public service delivery is a major determinant of the quality of life of vulnerable sections in a highly unequal society divided along the lines of class, caste, religion, etc. In this background, do you think that public service delivery is efficient and sufficient enough to improve the lives of vulnerable groups in India? Critically examine.","10","150"],[13,"What more needs to be done alongside public service delivery -","",""],[14,"3 (a) What do each of the following quotations mean to you?\n(a) \"The wise man does not lay up his own treasures. The more he gives to others, the more he has for his own.\" - Lao Tzu (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"3. (b) \"If ethics are poor at the top, that behavior is copied down through the organization.\" - Robert Noyce (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[18,"3. (c) \"The end of law is not to abolish or restrain, but to preserve and enlarge freedom.\" - John Locke (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[20,"4. (a) Wealthy CEOs and founders of successful businesses around the world are increasingly pledging to give away their wealth in philanthropy. Do you think that such a move is sufficient enough to bring about a positive change in the society? Critically examine.","10","150"],[22,"4. (b) As organizations across the globe begin their artificial intelligence (AI) transformation, the leap into the AI era is expected to be more challenging than any technology that businesses have grappled with yet. In this background, discuss the concerns around fairness, transparency, and job security that may arise.","10","150"],[24,"5. (a) The emphasis of Swami Dayanand Saraswati on education, social equality, and ethical values continues to influence the socio-cultural discourse in contemporary India. Discuss with suitable examples.","10","150"],[26,"5. (b) Write short notes on the following in 30 words each :\n(i) Dedication to public service\n(ii) Non-partisanship in civil service\n(iii) Objectivity in decision-making","2 x 5 = 10","30 words each"],[28,"6. (a) Emotional intelligence may not be singularly associated with emotions or intelligence. It can also include a broad range of personality characteristics that might predict success in professional and everyday life. Discuss.","10","150"],[30,"6. (b) Traditional forms of state-led accountability, also characterised as vertical and horizontal channels of accountability, are increasingly found to be inadequate, and a myriad of multi-stakeholder and bottom-up citizen directed approaches have come to the fore, to supplement or supplant them. Discuss with illustrations.","10","150"],[32,"7 इस प्रकरण के संदर्भ में, निम्नलिखित का उत्तर दीजिए:\n(a) इस प्रकरण में शामिल मुद्दे कौन-से हैं?\n(b) ऐसी प्रौद्योगिकियों को अपनाने के नकारात्मक प्रभावों को कम करने के लिए क्या उपाय किए जा सकते हैं? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250"],[33,"With reference to this case study, answer the following:\n(a) What are the issues involved in this case?\n(b) What measures can be taken to minimize the negative implications of adopting such technologies? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[34,"5 Who gave the order to arrest a person without conducting proper checks?\n6 Why were no forensic investigations done before arresting him - viz his phone location etc.\n7 Why were there lack of checks and balances - can means justify the ends of it?\n8 Affected stakeholders - society at large, tarnished police image, person who got arrested, his family\n9 How can over-reliance over technology justify actual arrest of a person and give no moral accountability of investigation agencies.","",""],[37,"8 दी गई स्थिति में:\n(a) रीना को किन दुविधाओं का सामना करना पड़ रहा है?\n(b) उसके पास क्या विकल्प हैं? प्रत्येक के गुण और दोष बताइए।\n(c) उसके द्वारा अपनाई जाने वाली कार्रवाई को रेखांकित कीजिए, साथ ही उसका औचित्य सिद्ध कीजिए। (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250"],[38,"In the given situation:\n(a) What dilemmas does Rina face?\n(b) What options does she have? Provide the merits and demerits of each.\n(c) Highlight the course of action she should adopt, along with justification for the same. (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[42,"9 You have recently been posted as a Nodal Education Officer in one of the districts, where mass cheating in examinations is a regular phenomenon. Media reports have shown parents and relatives scaling school walls and buildings to pass answer chits to students taking secondary school examinations in the district. Moreover, with the advent of new technological devices, cheating in examinations has become more sophisticated and exam rules are flouted openly. On investigation, it has come to your notice that these rackets are run by many school authorities, including exam invigilators who are mostly teachers, and they are hand in glove for profits. With a shortage of staff, invigilators threaten go on mass strikes if any action is taken. Conducting the exams, cancelling them on account of cheating and having re-exams are a loss of time and money for the government and this vicious cycle goes on.\n\nAs the Nodal Education Officer of the district, address the following questions:\n(a) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\n(b) How will you resolve the issues in the given case?\n(c) What long-term strategy needs to be adopted to deal with the menace of cheating in various examinations? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[44,"7) Why are parents so keen on getting good marks for their child?\n8) Why are the moral values of society stooping to such low levels?","",""],[47,"10 उपयुक्त जानकारी के संदर्भ में, निम्नलिखित पर ध्यान दीजिए:\n(a) प्रस्तुत प्रकरण में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दे कौन-से हैं?\n(b) महासागरों की संधारणीयता पर प्रतिकूल प्रभाव डाले बिना किसी राष्ट्र के आर्थिक विकास के दृष्टिकोण को कैसे प्राप्त किया जा सकता है? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250 शब्दों में"],[48,"In the context of the above-stated information, address the following:\n(a) What are the ethical issues in the given case study?\n(b) How can the vision of economic development of a nation be achieved without adversely affecting the sustainability of oceans? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[49,"4) What about the unintended consequences - what if deep sea drilling leads to underwater land subsidence?\n5) Should a biocentric approach be taken or an anthropocentric approach?\n6) Aren't we supposed to approach environment as stewards (where we should take care of the natural environment)?\n7) While some companies are declaring they won't use the mined products - will they continue on their stance when their profits will dwindle, due to rival companies using these minerals?","",""],[52,"11 (a) आप एक जिला मजिस्ट्रेट हैं और यह क्षेत्र आपके क्षेत्राधिकार में आता है। दोनों पक्षों के लोग अपनी शिकायतें लेकर आपके पास आए हैं। आप दोनों दृष्टिकोणों में सामंजस्य स्थापित करने के लिए क्या करेंगे?\n(b) कार्रवाई के निम्नलिखित संभावित तरीकों के गुण और दोषों का उल्लेख कीजिए:\n(1) क्षेत्र के निवासियों के विरोध को नजरअंदाज करना और धार्मिक पूजा स्थल को मौजूदा नियमों के अनुसार बनाने की अनुमति दे देना।\n(2) नए पूजा स्थल पर भरोसा करने वाले हजारों उपासकों को निराश करते हुए, निवासियों से सहमत होकर निर्माण पर रोक लगा देना।\n(3) एक समझौते के रूप में, आपके द्वारा पूजा स्थल पर भवन निर्माण संबंधी अतिरिक्त नियमों को लागू किया जाना या डिजाइन में संशोधन पर बल दिया जाना। (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250 शब्दों में"],[53,"(a) You are a District Magistrate and the area lies in your jurisdiction. People from both sides have approached you with their grievances. What would you do to reconcile the two points of view?\n(b) Mention the merits and demerits of the following potential courses of action:\n(1) Ignore the opposition from the residents of the area and allow the place of religious worship to be built in accordance with the existing regulations.\n(2) Prohibit the construction, agreeing with the residents while causing distress among the thousands of worshippers counting on the new place of worship.\n(3) As a compromise, you place additional building regulations on the worship place or insist on modifications to the design. (Answer in 250 words)\na) You are a District Magistrate and the area lies in your jurisdiction. People from both sides have approached you with their grievances. What would you do to reconcile the two points of view?\nb) Mention the merits and demerits of the following potential courses of action:\n(1) Ignore the opposition from the residents of the area and allow the place of religious worship to be built in accordance with the existing regulations.\n(2) Prohibit the construction, agreeing with the residents while causing distress among the thousands of worshippers counting on the new place of worship.\n(3) As a compromise, you place additional building regulations on the worship place or insist on modifications to the design.","","250"],[57,"12 You are a public representative, elected on the ticket of a political party, considered as conservative by many. Your daughter, who has returned years after studying abroad, has conveyed to you her choice of marrying a person from another community. You personally do not consider anything wrong in her choice, and convey your assent to her. You also discuss it with many among your friends and family, and inform them of a grand wedding ceremony you are planning for your daughter. However, a few days after you have shared the news of the forthcoming grand wedding with many, you are informed by your political secretary about an issue being made of the same. He informs you that there are whispers among many people in your constituency about it, and indications of a sense of unease among some prominent citizens. While most of them are enamoured by your plans for a grand wedding ceremony for your daughter, they are unhappy about the bridegroom being from another community. You also get to know through your sources in the party, that your assent to the choice of the bridegroom may lead to a denial of ticket by the high command in the forthcoming elections. You are not only an ambitious politician and a rising star in your political party but also an open-minded, loving and doting father. But howsoever much you love your daughter's freedom and choices, you do not want her decision to adversely affect your political journey. This is more so, when you had been eagerly looking forward to greater responsibilities and a higher stature in the party, given the years of hardwork you have put in, as a politician. Your daughter, on the other hand, is firm with her choice and does not want her impending grand wedding to be affected in any way. She is adamant\n(a) उपयुक्त प्रकरण में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दे कौन-से हैं?\n(b) एक पिता और एक महत्वाकांक्षी राजनीतिज्ञ के रूप में आपके पास उपलब्ध विभिन्न विकल्प क्या हैं?\n(c) आपकी कार्रवाई का तरीका क्या होगा? उचित तर्क सहित पुष्टि कीजिए। (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250"],[58,"Given this situation, answer the following:\n(a) What are the ethical issues in the above situation?\n(b) What are the various options that you have, as a father and an ambitious politician?\n(c) What will be your course of action? Justify with proper reasoning. (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"]]},{"i":998,"t":"Medha Anand","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1FqRNFbpRQhftEh2VX36mPGV9bYw2CsOE/view","q":[[1,"leaders with fortitude are known by everyone and they are the people to turn to when crisis arises. Discuss","",""],[3,"Q 1 b) In the wake of changing social landscape in the country, value ed is as imp. as tech ed for youth to become not only skilled but morally strong professionals. Discuss.","",""],[5,"2 a) While impartiality has been identified as one of the key ethical values for public service, it should not be seen as precluding compassion in public service. Discuss.","",""],[9,"Analyse ethical implications of commerce space exploration, especially with entry of private sector in recent times.","",""],[11,"(b) While AI has the potential to radically transform and disrupt our world, the right ethical choices can make AI a force of good for humanity. Discuss with examples","",""],[13,"What do you understand by 'social accountability'? Explain its significance & discuss critical factors responsible for success of any social accountability initiative","",""],[15,"(b) Corruption is a challenge to democracy & citizens' estimations of corruption are one of the main criteria for its wideness & harmfulness. Discuss.","",""],[17,"In light of this do you think it is ethical for an employee to practice moonlighting? Discuss","",""],[19,"5b Do you agree that ESG considerations for a corporation create immense value for the business?","",""],[21,"6 a. Where there are multiple institutions to ensure fairness in IR, states often put aside moral values & directions of these institutions for their own interest. Discuss with examples.","",""],[23,"6b Discuss various ethical issues that can arise when a foreign funded research project conducts medical research in developing countries.","",""],[25,"6c Discuss teachings of Guru Nanak Dev relevant to youth of today.","",""],[30,"a) If act was justified:\n1) Biological need - child has to be breast fed.\n2) Importance to work - if a civil servant is off duty, huge amount of pending work will remain.\n3) Highest workmanship of professional integrity.","",""],[40,"2 Disallow unethical practices","",""]]},{"i":999,"t":"Medha Anand","c":"Nextias","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1iI-6YZ1pVOm7d1ReVWgD1QeQx7ZhAQO5/view","q":[[6,"1. (a) Most civil servants are neither pure deontologists nor pure utilitarians, but they operate according to a kind of ethical pluralism. Do you agree? Discuss your position with suitable examples.","10","Answer in 150"],[8,"1. (b) The motivation to seek a career in public service and perform public service can be due to attraction to public service, commitment to public values, self-sacrifice and compassion. Among the four, what is the primary public service motivator for you? Explain your motivating factor.","10","Answer in 150"],[10,"2. (a) One of the critical areas of governance is developing policies for managing public health emergencies such as COVID. While tackling such health emergencies, the government may take measures that involve the abdication of liberty on the part of the citizens. According to you, what ethical principles should guide the government's public health policymaking?","10","150"],[12,"2 (b) Identify any four components of emotional intelligence relevant to public services. Explain their role in administrative decision-making.","10","150"],[14,"3. (a) Values lie at the core of the diverse world of human behaviour and are expressed in every human decision and action. In keeping with the above statement, explain with the help of illustrations how values impact an individual's behaviour.","10","Answer in 150"],[16,"3. (b) Explain the difference between codes of ethics, codes of conduct and codes of rules and regulations. Do you think an increase in the number of codes and regulations is an efficient response to the decline of public trust and integrity issues? Why/why not?","10","150"],[18,"4. Explain the meaning of the following quotations and discuss their contemporary relevance.\n(a) The root of happiness is Dharma (righteousness), the root of Dharma is Artha (economy), the root of Artha is right governance.","10","150"],[20,"4. (b) \"The most important human endeavour is the striving for morality in our actions. Our inner balance and even our existence depend on it. Only morality in our actions can give beauty and dignity to life.\"","10","Answer in 150"],[22,"4. (c) \"Humility is the most difficult of all virtues to achieve; nothing dies harder than the desire to think well of oneself.\"","10","Answer in 150"],[24,"5. (a) Prioritising ethical concerns within public administration and policy has monetary costs in terms of training and other expenses. Do you think the financial cost of actively pursuing ethical standards by the government is justified? Discuss.","10","150"],[26,"5. (b) Distinguish between administrative, legal and professional accountability. Despite multiple institutional accountability mechanisms, the government has failed to make a dent in systemic corruption. What do you think are the reasons for the poor performance of accountability mechanisms?","10","Answer in 150"],[28,"6. (a) Economists view transparency as a condition for open markets and political scientists view it as a condition for public participation. What does transparency imply in public administration ethics? Is it only a flow of information or more than that? Explain.","10","150"],[30,"6. (b) Persuasion performs a number of positive, prosocial functions. However, people often equate persuasion with manipulation and consider it unethical. What are the ethical values a persuader must respect to ensure the ethicality of the act of persuasion? Explain.","10","Answer in 150"],[32,"You are the VP (Operations) of a company that manufactures and supplies space probes and satellite equipment to Government space agencies. The company has been in the business for over four decades and has built considerable expertise in producing and delivering high-quality products. The business was good.\nAs VP of Operations, it was your responsibility to ensure the completion of projects and deliverables on time. A critical deliverable was running behind schedule due to the non-availability of a specific raw material. The material in question was an environmentally hazardous chemical that the Environmental Ministry banned. But considering the importance of the chemical compound for the space industry, the Environment Ministry was planning to allow controlled use in about three weeks. You and the company management didn't have three week waiting time.\nFurther, there was severe pressure from the Department of Space to complete the deliverable on time as a lot was riding politically on the project. After internal discussions, you met the Space Department officials to explain the predicament and request a deadline extension. When the meeting happened, you were shocked by the attitude of the Department officials. They refused to accept any delay and suggested circumventing the environmental ministry's prohibition and procuring and using the chemical. They justified it by saying the ministry would allow controlled use in a few weeks. So, why wait? Besides, they noted that the environment ministry doesn't understand space priorities and their intricacies. They pointed out that everything is justified in the name of national interest.\n1. What are the issues involved in the above case?\n2. What are the options available to you?\n3. Discuss the merits and demerits of each option and select your chosen course of action.\n4. What do you understand by National Interest? Do you think it is ethically justified for a nation to prioritise security and economics over and above social justice and social development priorities?","20","250"],[33,"1 Issues involved\n(a) Completion of project in the given timeline is a priority for space programs.\n(b) Use of hazardous chemical by illegal procuring it might danger lives - what if a spill occurs? Who will take responsibility?\n(c) Attitude of space department officials who are ready to circumvent rules to reach a hasty decision.\n(d) What happens to space program, if the project is not delivered on time?","",""],[37,"8 (a) इस मामले से जुड़े नैतिक मुद्दे कौन-कौन से हैं?\n(b) आपके पास कौन-से विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\n(c) सभी विकल्पों का विश्लेषण कीजिए और अपने द्वारा चुने हुए विकल्प को स्पष्ट कीजिए।\n(d) क्या आपको लगता है कि उपरोक्त मामले में ग्राहक की गोपनीयता और विश्वास के उल्लंघन को उचित ठहराया जा सकता है? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए) 20 अंक\na) इस मामले से जुड़े नैतिक मुद्दे कौन-कौन से हैं?\nb) आपके पास कौन-से विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\nc) सभी विकल्पों का विश्लेषण कीजिए और अपने द्वारा चुने हुए विकल्प को स्पष्ट कीजिए।\nd) क्या आपको लगता है कि उपरोक्त मामले में ग्राहक की गोपनीयता और विश्वास के उल्लंघन को उचित ठहराया जा सकता है? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए) 20 अंक","20 अंक","250 शब्दों में"],[38,"1. What are the issues involved in the case?\n2. What are the options available to you?\n3. Select your course of action after analysing all the options\n4. Do you think breaching client confidentiality and trust can be justified in the above case? (Answer in 250 words) 20 Marks","20","250"],[42,"9 (a) उपरोक्त मामले में कौन से मुद्दे और नैतिक दुविधाएँ शामिल हैं?  \n(b) यदि आप प्रभारी अधिकारी होते तो आप मामले को कैसे आगे बढ़ाते?  \n(c) प्रासंगिक विकल्पों का पता लगाएँ और सलाह दें कि रश्मी को क्या कदम उठाना चाहिए।  \n(d) आप विधवा को कैसे देखेंगे - उसके पति के अपराध की साक्षी या आरोपी के रूप में? औचित्य सिद्ध कीजिए।  \n(250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)\na) उपरोक्त मामले में कौन से मुद्दे और नैतिक दुविधाएँ शामिल हैं?\nb) यदि आप प्रभारी अधिकारी होते तो आप मामले को कैसे आगे बढ़ाते?\nc) प्रासंगिक विकल्पों का पता लगाएँ और सलाह दें कि रश्मी को क्या कदम उठाना चाहिए।\nd) आप विधवा को कैसे देखेंगे - उसके पति के अपराध की साक्षी या आरोपी के रूप में? औचित्य सिद्ध कीजिए।","20 अंक","250 शब्दों में"],[43,"1. What are the issues and ethical dilemmas involved in the above case?\n2. How would you proceed with the case if you were the officer in charge?\n3. Explore relevant options and advise what course of action Rashmi should take.\n4. How would you see the widow as a victim of her husband's crime or an accused? Justify.","20","Answer in 250"],[44,"2 As an officer in charge, one will have to proceed on facts\na) Use intelligence to know about the veracity of Rashmi's claim\nb) If widow is a victim, utilize discretionary powers and use file notings to prove her victimisation. Also, provide her safety from the drug peddlers, get her son enrolled in a school and applaud Rashmi for her efforts\nc) If she doesn't come out clean, use the strictest provisions against her, as she is spoiling the youth. Send her child to school to not waste his childhood","",""],[47,"10 You are working as an Assistant Librarian in a State University for ten years. In the last ten years, you had witnessed the growth of the university in all academic and research areas. As the university expanded, it commissioned new departments and research labs, launched new courses and hired new staff. With new academic courses coming in, the library also grew in terms of books, periodicals and online research facilities. The library needed a new team, and it brought in contractual staff. One such contractual library counter staff was Pallavi, who was with the library for four years. She was a diligent staff, meticulous in record-keeping and courteous in public dealings. But somehow the Librarian Mr Thakur had taken a personal dislike to her. He never lost an occasion to insult Pallavi even in the presence of students publicly. Pallavi never complained about this harassment as being a widowed single mother she needed the job, and she didn't want to give any reason to Mr Thakur to dismiss her. One day things went a little out of line with Mr Thakur verbally abusing Pallavi in front of the entire staff. You couldn't bear it, and you wanted to intervene, but you didn't. But the next day when reached the library with your guilty and troubled conscience, you talk to Pallavi and decide to help her.\n1. What are the issues involved in the above case?\n2. What are the options Pallavi has? How should she navigate the issues with Mr Thakur?\n3. What do you think is the problem with Mr Thakur, is it a lack of emotional intelligence or something else?\n4. How do you think you will be able to help Pallavi?","20","Answer in 250"],[48,"1 Issues involved in the above case\na) Reason for Mr Thakur's dislike\nb) Can he publicly humiliate her?\nc) Just because she desperately needs the job, is it ok to abuse her?\nd) Why are others not standing up for her?\ne) What impact will it have on students, what will they learn out of this situation?\nf) How is this mental abuse affecting Pallavi?","",""],[52,"11 An influential politician, a third-time MP, was known in his State for his infrastructure development works, especially roads and irrigation canals. Acknowledging his developmental work and goodwill, the Party appointed him the State Party President. Since his Party is also the ruling Party in the State, the MP has started working closely with the Chief Minister. After six months of becoming the Party President, the MP learned that a sizable amount of development funds were diverted to party promotional activities. Further, a few mega-development projects were allocated to the relatives of the CM and a few of his close ministers. The MP was neither impressed nor happy with how the State government managed the development funds because the Party had won the last elections promising development and clean administration. There was a lot of financial corruption in the State ministries; some of the ministers used the State machinery for personal purposes. He knew if the Party continued to function the way it is now, it would be an electoral disaster in the next elections. The MP was a politician with a conscience. His dilemma was that, as a Party President, he had to ensure his Party won the next elections. To do that, he had to clean up the State administration, which meant locking horns with the CM, an extremely powerful figure well-supported by the Party's senior members. And importantly, the MP was unwilling to risk his political career, which he had built after years of hard work.\n1. What do you think are the issues involved in the above case?\n2. What options are available to the MP in the above case?\n3. Evaluate the options and suggest a course of action to the MP.\n4. Distinguish between political and bureaucratic corruption. Can bureaucracy play a role in checking political corruption?","20","Answer in 250"],[57,"12 You are a senior engineer working for S & P Constructions, a prominent government contractor. You are working at a construction site building a nuclear reactor facility. Along with other responsibilities at the site, you were also the safety in charge. One day as you did your weekly safety audit, you noticed that the welders had not followed procedures and used the wrong materials in some sections. The situation was hazardous since some defective welds appeared on the water pipes carrying coolant to the reactor core. The rupture of the pipes could cause disaster if safety backups failed simultaneously.\nYou called a meeting of the welding supervisors to instruct them to rectify the faulty weldings. But even after two weeks, the welds were not fixed, and when asked, the supervisors said they had instructions from the superiors to go ahead with the way it is. You were shocked at this compromise of safety. You travelled to the HQ to discuss this with the senior management. Instead of taking corrective action, the senior management transferred you to a different site and warned you about discussing the safety practices of the nuclear site. You needed the job, so you returned to your new workplace quietly.\nAfter five years, the nuclear reactor was in the news for pipe bursts, killing ten engineers and due to the fallout, the neighbouring villages had to be evacuated. You could see your fears coming true. The nuclear facility was shut down, and an inquiry was instituted. You were also summoned for questioning as you handled safety during the construction. You were in a dilemma; tell the truth of safety compromise or hide it and keep the job. Further, your conscience was troubling you that you could have done something five years back instead of quickly taking the transfer.\n1 What are the issues involved in the above case?\n2 What options do you have in the above dilemma?\n3 After evaluating the options, identify which option you would choose.\n4 Do you think whistle-blowing could have been a good option five years back?","20","Answer in 250"],[58,"1) Issues involved\na) Should you speak the truth and risk losing the job?\nb) Should you raise alarm against the superiors who didn't adhere to your advice then?\nc) Was it correct on your part to have left the situation?\nd) How to manage the crisis of conscience that led to the recent mayhem?","",""]]},{"i":1000,"t":"Medha Anand","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1sWceiFvefDklUGqYHZ4_PSanfuaY-eGM/view","q":[[3,"1. (a) Too much dependence on data driven technologies can result in data colonisation and digital dictatorship. Discuss the various issues that may arise in this context and suggest remedial measures.","10","150"],[5,"1. (b) Due to the recent proliferation of social media, influencers have become important agents of change in the society. Discuss with examples. Also, highlight the ethical issues involved.","10","150"],[7,"2. (a) Prejudice and discrimination when left unaddressed have the potential to turn conflicts into violence. Discuss with examples.","10","150"],[9,"2. (b) Non-violence is the highest form of fundamental moral virtue. Comment.","10","150"],[11,"3. (a) Though the ‘Me Too Movement’ helped in creating some murmur with respect to sexual harassment of women at workplace, it has failed to create a lasting positive impact on the work culture in India. Do you agree?","10","150"],[13,"3. (b) India ranks 85th amongst 180 countries in the Corruption Perception Index of 2021. In this context, discuss the various ways to tackle corruption in India, with special reference to Kautilya's Arthashastra.","10","150"],[15,"4. (a) An ethical work culture not only drives positive organisational outcomes but also helps employees thrive. Discuss.","10","150"],[17,"4. (b) Bring out the ethical principles on which a Citizen's Charter is formulated. Also, discuss its purpose and effectiveness in India.","","150"],[19,"5. (a) Probity in public life is nothing but the reflection of integrity in personal life. Discuss.","10","150"],[21,"5. (b) The work culture of the police in India is said to be characterised by indecision, inefficiency and lack of empathy. Discuss. Also, suggest remedial measures in this context.","10","150"],[23,"6. What does each of the following quotations mean to you?\n(a) \"It takes something more than intelligence to act intelligently.\" – Fyodor Dostoyevsky. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[25,"6. (b) \"A popular government, without popular information, or the means of acquiring it, is but a prologue to a farce or a tragedy; or perhaps both.\" - James Madison (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[27,"6. (c) \"Character may almost be called the most effective means of persuasion.\" - Aristotle (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[29,"7 You are a young IAS officer and have recently joined as a Sub-Divisional Magistrate in a district, which has been declared 'open defecation free'. However, you get information that some villages in your sub-division are still continuing the practice of open defecation out of habit despite availability of toilets. Your colleagues in the district administration confirm that the information is true. You call the village headmen of these villages and tell them to persuade their respective villagers to stop open defecation. But, they express their unwillingness and inability to fully stop this practice, as in some cases they themselves consider it healthy to defecate in the open. You discuss this matter with the District Magistrate who forbids you from taking any official action, as this may cause the 'open defecation free' status given to the district to be withdrawn.\n\nAs a young and dynamic officer, answer the following:\n(a) Why do people continue to practice open defecation even when they have access to toilets?\n(b) What are the options available to you as the Sub-Divisional Magistrate in this case? Highlight the merits and demerits of each option.\n(c) What will be your course of action? (Answer in 250 words)","20","around 250"],[34,"8 You are the District Magistrate of a district, which is the hub of coaching centres for engineering as well as medical entrance exams. Recently, around 5 students have committed suicide owing to academic and social pressure. Students in the age group 15-18 years from across the country come to the district with the dream of getting admission into prestigious institutions like the IITs and AIIMS. However, the coaching institutes are business-minded and want to have toppers from their institute so that they can attract more students. They create a lot of pressure on students to perform, with differential treatment like forming different category of batches depending on students' performance. These students live as Paying Guests and in hostels away from their families and many cannot tackle the huge burden of competition and the associated mental stress.\nThe recent spate of suicide by 5 students has been highlighted by the national media and you have been asked by the Chief Minister to present a report of the situation and take steps on the matter. The Chief Minister has also asked you to keep the matter away from limelight so that the coaching centres continue with their business and generate revenue for themselves as well as the state. Upon investigation, you find out that 2-3 of the most famous coaching institutions are run by political leaders of the ruling party.\n(a) इसमें शामिल हितधारकों का उल्लेख कीजिए और दिए गए प्रकरण से जुड़े नैतिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\n(b) दी गई स्थिति में, आप क्या कार्रवाई करेंगे?\n(c) छात्रों के बीच आत्महत्या के मामलों में वृद्धि के विभिन्न कारणों पर चर्चा करते हुए, इस मुद्दे के दीर्घकालिक समाधान के लिए उपाय सुझाइए। (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दें)","","250"],[35,"Given the situation:\n(a) Highlight the stakeholders involved and discuss the associated ethical issues in the given case.\n(b) Given the situation, what will be your course of action?\n(c) Discussing the various reasons for increased cases of suicides among students, suggest measures to address the issue in the long-run. (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[40,"9 You are appointed as the Project Director in a large infrastructure company of the country. The company has won the rights to develop a port and its hinterland in a state. The project has economic and strategic significance for the country as it would develop a leading transshipment hub in the region and would lead to higher exports and earnings through its operation, flourishing of new businesses and also create employment opportunities. Also, the successful completion and operationalization of the project is important for the company as some of its previous projects were halted due to protests by the local communities and not only the reputation of the company but also significant investments are at stake. The land acquisition for the project has been completed as per the laid down rules and regulations. The Environmental Impact Assessment has been carried out and the project has received the go ahead from the concerned authorities. Also, rehabilitation and alternative livelihood opportunities are made available to the affected people as per the laid-down norms. However, once the construction started, some farmer groups started agitating on the grounds that they have not been adequately compensated and that the project will negatively impact their livelihoods. They are demanding that either the project be halted or the compensation provided to them be increased substantially by way of money and assured jobs.\n\nIn this context, answer the following:\n(a) Identify the primary stakeholders and the issues affecting them in this case.\n(b) Evaluate the merits and demerits of the demands of the protesting groups in the given context.\n(c) What action will you take? (Answer in 250 words)\n(a) Identify the primary stakeholders and the issues affecting them in this case.\n(b) Evaluate the merits and demerits of the demands of the protesting groups in the given context.\n(c) What action will you take? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[41,"In this context, answer the following:\n(a) Identify the relevant stakeholders in this case and the issues affecting them.\n(b) Evaluate the merits and demerits of ceding to the demands of the protesting groups, in the given context.\n(c) What course of action will you follow? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[46,"10 In order to tackle climate change, green energy is touted as one of the best solutions. Countries are now replacing coal with hydroelectric power, fossil fuels with solar energy, petrol and diesel cars with electric vehicles (EVs). EVs are being pitched as a cleaner, greener and sustainable alternative. Electric cars use batteries, and lithium and cobalt are rare metals that make up these batteries. The cobalt in the battery keeps it stable and allows it to operate safely. Cobalt is used in about half of the electric cars, which is about four to 30 kilograms per battery.\nYou are the District Magistrate of a district where cobalt is found in abundance. On a visit to one such cobalt site, you find out that children are employed in the mines and these children flirt with death daily. They enter vertical tunnels that are too narrow for adults to enter and dig for cobalt under inhumane conditions in a furnace-like environment. Although, they sometimes use shovels, they typically dig with their bare hands. They are not provided with masks, gloves, work clothes and are only provided with 20 minutes of oxygen at a time. Yet, these young children dig for hours. Upon digging the rock, they crush it, wash it and then take their finds to the market in order to sell them.\n(a) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the above case.\n(b) Despite legal and institutional measures, discuss the reasons for the persistence of child labour in India.\n(c) In the given situation, what steps would you take to solve the problem of child labour in your district? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[47,"In this regard, answer the following questions:\n(a) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the above case.\n(b) Despite the legal and institutional measures, discuss the reasons behind the prevalence of child labour in India.\n(c) In context of the given situation, what steps will you take to address the issue of child labour in the district? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[52,"11 You are one of the producers of a television reality show. The show is very popular in the country and has a wide viewership among all sections of the society and across various regions. However, a controversy has emerged wherein in the latest season of the show, a contestant from the film industry who has been accused of sexual harassment by many of his co-workers has been accepted as a participant. Several media houses have reported it and have criticized the show for giving a national platform to one of the country's most high-profile alleged perpetrators of female harassment. They term it as a denigration of those women who had bravely spoken up about their harassment.\nIn a personal capacity, you also feel the same and are of the view that such a controversial person should not have been invited to the show. However, when you talk to other producers about it, they opine that the controversy is good for the show, as it generates free publicity. Also, they say that a person is not guilty unless the court of law declares so and the career of a person should not be sabotaged due to media trial. Moreover, the person in question is very close to the host of the show, who is an extremely popular public figure in the country. The show commands a huge fandom and success of the show is also contingent on him. None of the producers want to antagonize the host.\n(a) इस प्रकरण में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दे कौन-से हैं?\n(b) आपके समक्ष कौन-से विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं और आप क्या कार्रवाई करेंगे?\n(c) ऐसे प्रकरणों में मीडिया द्वारा ट्रायल के सकारात्मक और नकारात्मक प्रभावों पर चर्चा कीजिए। (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दें)","","250"],[53,"In the given situation, answer the following questions:\n(a) What are the ethical issues involved in the case?\n(b) What are the options available to you and what will be your course of action?\n(c) Discuss the positive and negative impacts of trial by media in such cases.","20","Answer in 250"],[58,"12. You have recently joined as the Chief Executive Officer of the Water Supply and Sewerage Board in a metropolitan city of India. Recently, there was an incident where two poor people died while undertaking hazardous cleaning of sewers in a posh neighbourhood, housing top corporate honchos of the city. The preliminary report found that a few residents in the said neighbourhood employed private workers to clean the sewers without the knowledge of the local city administration. A complaint for causing death by negligence has been registered against the concerned residents as well as the private contractor through whom these poor people were employed to carry out the task. The complaint has come as a shock to the residents of the neighbourhood, most of whom never had a brush with the law before. During the investigation, the residents of the neighbourhood complained that the local administration has not been cleaning sewers for a long time, forcing them to hire private workers. You also come to know that there has been a confusion over the maintenance works in the city administration.\n(a) Identify the stakeholders involved in the case along with the related issues.\n(b) Evaluate the available options in the given case. Which option will you choose and why?\n(c) What long-term measures will you take to prevent such incidents in the future? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[59,"In light of the above situation, answer the following questions:\n(a) Identify the stakeholders involved in the case along with the associated issues.\n(b) Evaluate the options that are available to you in the given case. Which of these options will you choose and why?\n(c) What will be the long-term measures you will take to prevent such an incident from occurring in the future? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"]]},{"i":1001,"t":"Medha Anand","c":"Gsscore","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1zue7k__aS7G5SHvJv0Q8fJUHh6zEvIwp/view","q":[[4,"Q1 Climate Change has been described as a perfect 'moral storm'. Critically analyze.","10","150"],[6,"Q2 What is corruption - A legal problem? A social problem? A moral problem? or just a grease that runs a system seamlessly?","10","150"],[8,"Q3. Make an analysis of Kant's ethical theory.","10","150"],[10,"Q4 Why does cultural relativism supposedly make us more tolerant of other cultures and, critically examine the view that moral values are relative?","10","150"],[12,"Q5 What is moral crisis? Cite some examples from Indian society and polity. Explain the statement in right context- \"The hottest places in hell are reserved for those who, in times of great moral crisis, maintain their neutrality.\"","10","150"],[14,"Q6 It is commonly accepted that: \"don't promise when you are happy, don't answer when you are angry, and don't decide when you are sad\". What is the essence of this statement for a working civil servant?","10","150"],[15,"What should one possess to proper decision making?","",""],[16,"Q7 There are two statements given below. Explain their meaning and significance with respect to the contemporary times.\n(a) Life without thankfulness is devoid of love and passion. Hope without thankfulness is lacking in fine perception. Faith without thankfulness lacks strength and fortitude. Every virtue divorced from thankfulness is maimed and limps along the spiritual road.\n(b) Whoever fights monsters should see to it that in the process he does not become a monster.","10","150"],[18,"Q8 Describe the process of crowd funding and reasons why it may be successful? What are the positive effects of crowd funding?","10","150"],[20,"Q9 Critically evaluate Aristotle's doctrine of mean as the key to happiness. How this doctrine relevant for a working civil servant?","10","150"],[22,"Q10 What is social intelligence? Why does it matter?","10","150"],[23,"What does lack of SI lead to?","",""],[24,"Q11 What is doctrine of double effect? Does 'Principle of Permissible Harm' stand the test of moral laws?","10","150"],[26,"Q12 Imagine you are asked to assist with college-wide campaign to increase seat-belt use. How would you create a persuasive message for the college students?","10","150"],[28,"Q13 Answer the following questions related to the leadership quality:\n(a) Charisma is the result of effective leadership, not the other way around. Discuss.\n(b) Why Charisma as a leadership trait doesn't last long?","10","150"],[29,"(b) Charisma as a leadership trait is short lived in its very nature and can't survive very long. It is a feature of charisma or the charm in itself and thus, it diminishes with it. - How?\n Impart effective leadership as a trait is what has longevity and sustenance and not charisma in general.","",""],[30,"Q14 You are a senior civil servant. One of your officer friend is hard working, completes her work on time but always demoralizes her subordinates by blaming them for one or the other thing. She keeps everyone on toes. Often she shouts in her office and want to just follow the blue book while working. She also insults junior officers if one fails to get the things done. Her only mantra to work is to \"get the things done-whatever it takes.\" Due to this bossy attitude your friend is not liked by the subordinates and because of her uneven relation with her team members, she fails to portray a good office culture. Most of the colleagues know about this case but no one wants to discuss it because of your proximity with that lady officer. However, one day, one close friend happens to be your colleague briefed about the problem subordinate officers are facing.\n(a) Directly talk to subordinate and assure about correcting the things in future.\n(b) Give responsibility to your friend who briefed you about this case.\n(c) Transfer the lady officer as this case may bring sorry figure for you also in future.\n(d) Request the lady officer not to do so as this may hamper their personal relations also.\n(e) Is there any better option available to correct the things other than that mentioned above?","20","250"],[33,"Q15 You are head of an organization which has large public interface. One day an old man approaches you and complaints that one Assistant incharge of Old Age Pension Scheme is demanding Rs. 100.00 from him for clearing his pension claims. He has further revealed that this is a common practice in this office and those who do not pay the bribe money, are harassed.\n\nYou have become very upset with the state of affairs and want to solve the problem of the old man alongwith bringing some qualitative change in the work culture of the organization, for better service delivery.\n(a) What are the options available to you?\n(b) Evaluate each of these options and choose the option which you would adopt, giving reasons.","20","250"],[36,"Q16 You are a doctor in a government hospital. One of your lady friends got married in very rich and influential family. However, with passage of time you came to know that the family is very conservative as she visited you to seek your help in determining sex of the child at fetus stage. As her in-laws want a boy child to act as inheritor of the family. They have also ordered to abort the child if it is girl. Later her in-laws insisted hard and connected the doctor with the health minister on mobile phone. The minister said the doctor to help them in all possible manners without saying anything about the issue at hand. Thus reporting about the issue to police is waste.\n(a) What are the ethical dilemmas in the above case?\n(b) Do you think that your moral obligation also demands to help your friend?\n(c) A doctor in a public or government hospital should obey the health minister for whatever he says. Do you agree and why?\n(d) What steps will you take in the above situation?","20","250"],[39,"Q17 You are head of a charitable trust that takes care of education, clothing, food & other basic needs of children from marginal community. Your organization also offers health services to the members of weaker section. You find it difficult to serve qualitatively because of the crunch of funds. Trust runs on donations and contributions from donors only. There is a regular fall in contribution from several imminent persons who were prime donors previously. Now you have decided to go for small advertisement to get donation for the good cause. Response is not very encouraging, however, a prominent local politician with a criminal record offers a hefty donation. The options available are:\n(a) Take donation from that politician.\n(b) Reject offer of that politician as his track record is poor.\n(c) Ask him to directly assist to those who are in need.\n(d) Reduce your operational scale to affordable level, so that you can sustain charitable work.","20","250"],[41,"7 Better discuss pros & cons of each option separately","",""],[42,"Q18 You are CEO of a company, which is involved in manufacturing of large-scale copper products. It has created good employment opportunity for the locals. But the local residents are not happy with the management of the company and big group of local residents are protesting continuously. They are demanding closure of the plant as factory discharge is contaminating the local water sources.\n\nYour father is a senior IAS officer placed in the concerned Ministry. He is influential and very well networked. Company's management is pushing you to manage the situation and local authority through your father, as putting high quality production facility in plant will increase the cost of production, and company may loose market share in terms of sales if cost goes high. Based on the above situation answer the following questions:\n(a) What are the options available to you?\n(b) Discuss merits & demerits of each option.\n(c) What will be your final call? Justify.","20","250"],[45,"Q19 You are a District Collector. A seven-year boy has been killed in a school. Parents are angry and protesting. They have blocked the traffic and want speedy action. Parents are scared as it happened during the school hours. They also want tough action against school administration. Few parents don't want to send their children to same school. They tried admission in different schools but all of them have been denied admission. Now, few parents seek help from administration for admission of their children at different places. They don't want to send their children to same school where a boy has been killed. It is harming their children's study as examination is approaching. What are the options before you as District Collector to address the concerns of the parents?","20","250"],[46,"5 What would you do to assure it does not recur again?","3 1/2",""]]},{"i":1002,"t":"Medha Anand","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Ftzo8Vrq--XBghcQFhdqnvA4vaFyfH2T/view","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) Education without values works rather to make man a cleverer devil. In this context, discuss the importance of ethics in education. Also, throw light upon the role of educational institutions in imparting ethical values.","10","150"],[5,"b) Differentiate between the following:\ni) Ethics and morality\nii) Ethics in private relationships and ethics in public life.","10","150"],[7,"Q.2) a) Ahimsa is not only the negative refusal to do harm, but also the positive doing of good. In this perspective, discuss the significance of ‘ahimsa’ in modern times.","10","150"],[9,"b) Which famous personality has influenced you and why? In what ways have you emulated their example in your own life?","10","150"],[11,"Q.3) a) The ends, no matter how valuable, cannot justify the means. Analyse. In your opinion, what is more important, adherence to means or to focus on ends?","10","150"],[13,"b) What does the following quotation mean to you?","10","150"],[15,"Q.4 a) What are the various ethical issues involved in the above case study?\nb) You are a close friend of Akhilesh. What advice will you give, in this situation, to Akhilesh in order to convince his father to abstain from giving dowry and organising a lavish wedding?\na) What are the various ethical issues involved in the above case study?\nb) You are a close friend of Akhilesh. What advice will you give, in this situation, to Akhilesh in order to convince his father to abstain from giving dowry and organising a lavish wedding?","20","250"],[16,"a) उपरोक्त केस स्टडी में शामिल विभिन्न नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं?\nb) आप अखिलेश के करीबी हैं। ऐसी स्थिति में आप अखिलेश को क्या सलाह देंगे कि जिससे वह अपने पिता को दहेज न देने और भव्य विवाह आयोजित करने से मनाने के लिए क्या कदम उठाए? (100 अंक, 250 शब्द)","100","250"],[20,"Q.5 Naveen and Vinod, final year undergraduate students at ABC college of engineering, are close friends. Naveen has been a meritorious student and got appointed as the secretary of the training and placement cell, which has the mandate to oversee the campus placements of the students. Vinod, on the other hand, spent more time on leisure activities and paid less attention to his academic performance. However, the lackadaisical attitude of Vinod began to reflect on his grades. His poor performance in the majority of subjects meant that he had to complete some courses again, in order to graduate in time. As Vinod struggled to complete his extra courses, he barely had any time left for anything else. The immense fatigue was also evident from his deteriorating physical and psychological health.\n\nAround this time the campus placement in the ABC college had started. While all other students were preparing for the recruitment tests, Vinod had barely any time for the same. Vinod's parents, who had taken loan for Vinod's education, are expecting Vinod to get a good job. The guilt of wasting his college years and letting down his poor parents was becoming unbearable for Vinod, as a result of which he had a nervous breakdown. Naveen, who in his capacity as secretary of training and placement cell, was busy organising the recruitment drive, was aware that the chances of Vinod getting recruited were very slim. He also knew that Vinod was repenting in true sense and working very hard to complete his courses, despite his deteriorating emotional health. Naveen was afraid that if Vinod did not get a job, he may take some extreme step.\n\nNaveen has in his possession the question paper for the recruitment test to be held next week. Vinod had in the past requested Naveen to help him in any way possible to get a decent job. While Naveen knows that sharing the questions with Vinod may help him get through the exam, it would be ethically incorrect. Now, Naveen is in a dilemma over the course of action he should take.\na) What are the ethical dilemmas before Naveen in this case?\nb) Identify and evaluate the various courses of actions available before Naveen. If you were in Naveen's shoes, which course of action would you choose and why?","20","250"],[21,"a) इस मामले में नवीन के सामने नैतिक दुविधाएं क्या हैं?\nb) नवीन के समक्ष उपलब्ध विभिन्न प्रकार के कार्यवाहियों को पहचानें और उनका मूल्यांकन करें। यदि आप नवीन के स्थान पर होते तो आप कौन-सी कार्यवाही चुनते और क्यों?","20 अंक","250 शब्द"],[25,"Q.6) Aisha is a 13-year-old girl, studying in class 7th of the XYZ public school. Aisha is a confident child who excels both in academics as well as extra-co-curricular activities like singing, dancing etc. In the recently concluded annual day function, Aisha was facilitated for her all-round performance and it was also announced that Aisha will represent the school in the annual inter-school singing competition. The whole school was confident about Aisha's talent and expected to bag the trophy this year. On the day of the competition Aisha developed a cough and could not give her best performance. As a result, XYZ public school lost the contest to their nearest rival, the PQR convent school. Although Aisha was disappointed, the principal of the school, Miss Nisha, consoled her, and also congratulated her for her determination and confidence to perform despite developing a bad throat.\n\nHowever, post the defeat at the inter-school singing competition there was a marked change in Aisha's behavior. Aisha began to avoid all extra-co-curricular activities. Her academic performance also began to deteriorate. At the monthly parents' teachers conference, Aisha's mother confided in her teachers that her behavior at home has also changed. She keeps to herself, gets irritated and avoids going out to play with friends. Aisha's condition became a cause of concern for her teachers and parents. Upon enquiring further with her friends, it was revealed that post the inter-school singing competition, Aisha was subjected to intense trolling by the students of XYZ public school on various social media platforms. Videos of her performance were circulated with morphed pictures and voices. On various social media pages, she was held responsible for the defeat of the school. Also, funny messages/memes were being circulated targeting Aisha. Even morphed pictures of Aisha's parents were being circulated on various groups to humiliate Aisha.\n\nThe principal of the school expressed her disbelief on the level of cyber bullying undergoing in the school. The school administration swung into action, at once, to take the corrective steps, while Aisha's parents had to opt for psychological counseling for Aisha.\na) What are the reasons for increasing incidents of cyber bullying among children?\nb) Examine the responsibility of educational institutions to check the incidents of cyber-bullying.\nc) What role can parents play in shielding their children from the effects of cyber-bullying?","25","250"],[26,"a) बच्चों में साइबर बुलिंग की बढ़ती घटनाओं के क्या कारण हैं?\nb) साइबर बुलिंग की घटनाओं को रोकने के लिए शैक्षणिक संस्थानों की जिम्मेदारी की परीक्षा करें?\nc) माता-पिता अपने बच्चों को साइबर बुलिंग के प्रभाव से बचाने में क्या भूमिका निभा सकते हैं?","25 अंक","25 अंक"]]},{"i":1003,"t":"Medha Anand","c":"Gsscore","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1vnWBn0O1qLGIDXVbjYyFKqJE297P9FoU/view","q":[[4,"Q1 You are a Superintendent of Police and a huge protest is going on in front of your office. These protesters are Human Right activists. Protest is because of two consecutive incidents happened in your district.\n(a) Analyse the ethical dilemmas you will face as SP in both the stated situations.\n(b) Human Rights Activists are demanding action against official involved in both the cases. What will be your course of action?\n(c) Police Chief of State reaches to you and asks for not taking any action, as it will bring down the morals of the police force. What will be your course of action?\n(d) Can you justify the use of torture technique in any given circumstances?\n(e) Would you justify the use of human shield to save the lives of your colleagues? Give reasons. What are the moral and ethical issues involved in using human shield as the method of action against agitating mob?","20","250"],[8,"Q2 There was a conflict between the students of upper castes and Dalit community in a central university. The Dean and Vice Chancellor called a reconciliatory meeting, but it did not yield any result. The other day violence erupted in some parts of the university and some hostels. Examinations are very close. Some students have to submit their Ph.D thesis or M.Phil dissertations. Some politicians from a certain section put pressure on the Vice Chancellor to take action against the agitating students.\n(a) Discuss various options available to the Vice Chancellor.\n(b) Justify why these options are worth considering?","20","250"],[11,"Q3 You are a head of Water Supply Board of a district town and in-charge of supplying drinking water to the people. You had a detailed consultation with people regarding a Citizen Charter for water supply services. Based on the requirement and expectations of people, you had a discussion with your subordinates who were little reluctant about the Charter but seeing your positive attitude they ultimately agreed. You committed some hurry in implementation of the Charter and notice the following problems:\n\n1. The quantum of water promised could not be ensured.\n2. The quality of water did not improve.\n3. One of your key functionaries went on a long leave and you did not get his replacement.\n4. The entire blame on the failure of the Charter came on you.\n\nPonder over the situation and answer the following questions:\na) What were the reasons of failure of the Citizen Charter?\nb) What should have been ideal course of action and why?\nc) Draw a Citizen's Charter for this case.","20","250"],[14,"Q4 Due to fall in agricultural productivity and faulty procurement policy, a marginal family head has committed suicide and left his family and two children, daughter (12 years) and son (8 years). They shifted to nearby city in search of work and ended up living in a slum. Both children had to leave their studies and mother went searching for some household work. Finally she is a maid at your home. She works at your personal residence. One day she felt ill and ask her daughter to continue in place of her. Your wife is an IAS officer and quite busy. She does not have time to take care of old in-laws who needs constant care. Though there is a nurse to take care of them but there is a need of help in small household works also. So she gave consent to daughter of maid to continue in place of her. As she fears that your family may engage someone else and she will loose livelihood opportunity. When you raised the concern, she replied that this is matter of few weeks only, and also saying no will bring them on street. As in such a metro city one cannot survive without work, everything has a cost. You are Mayor of the city.\na) What are the ethical dilemmas related to it?\nb) Your wife is in support of her placement as domestic worker as it will help her in balancing household and work responsibilities. Do you find her justification right?\nc) How will you persuade her to change her decision?","20","250"],[17,"Q5 There is an entrepreneur who has opened a factory in the rural areas for the manufacture of sanitary ware. His initiative has helped in providing good employment opportunity to rural people and in the production of affordable sanitary products which are being used in construction of rural toilets. However there are some cases of under payment of wages and few cases of employment of children below 14 yrs. You are labour enforcement officer of the area and in course of your routine inspection, you noticed these discrepancies. Answer the following.\n(a) What are the options available to you?\n(b) Discuss the merits/demerits of each option and finally choose the option which you consider best with suitable justifications.","20","250"],[20,"Q6 One of your friend, a mid-level bureaucrat, is highly upset because of his job related stress and family problems and often expresses his disenchantment with life. He gave an application for 3 week leave, which was sanctioned by his boss. However, a senior officer (placed higher than his boss), called him during his leave period to office for handling a sudden exigency and this was not the first time when such a thing had happened to him. It happens very often because the officer is very efficient and reliable. The officer has a feeling that those who work honestly are overused while those who work less but keep a personal liaison with seniors work less and get various rewards and privileges. He is disillusioned. He is unable to give reasonable time to his ageing sick mother, his wife who is under depression and children who are going to face their 10th and 12th board examinations. The officer is very upset and broken because of his inability to reconcile his official duties and family responsibilities. He seems to be very disturbed and broken. Despite being an honest and efficient officer he has not been given adequate rewards and recognition and space for looking after his personal needs; he displays signals of suicidal tendencies. What would be your suggestions to him? Discuss merits and demerits of each option.","20","250"]]},{"i":514,"t":"Meghna Chakravorty","c":"Forumias","p":"GS1","y":2024,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/MEGHNA-CHAKRAVORTY-UPSC-2024-Rank-79-MGP-Sample-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[11,"95. Why it was hailed as a landmark","",""]]},{"i":1004,"t":"Mehak Jain","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1__qrgi0ECgVgj9igFrZFqblQlhNLkRJ6/view","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) \"Once one knows what virtue is, it is impossible not to act virtuously.\" Do you agree with this point of view? Justify.","10","150"],[5,"b) What does courage mean to you? Explain with help of two examples from your life where you have acted courageously.","10","150"],[7,"b) Persuasion and coercion both make their entry in shaping attitude, depending upon the necessity, urgency and context. Explain with examples.","10","150"],[9,"Q.3) a) What are the limitations of code of conduct in upholding integrity and probity in civil services? Do you think code of ethics can overcome these limitations?","10","150"],[11,"b) It is said that there is a difference between a good place to work and a great place to work. Highlighting the features of work culture of government offices, explain what measures can be taken to improve it.","10","150"],[13,"Q.4) a) Differentiate between the following:\n1. Envy and Jealousy\n2. Conscience and Consciousness.","10","150"],[15,"b) Which two human values would you ask every child of your country to adopt so that it benefits all of the humanity? Justify your choices.","10","150"],[17,"Bring out the difference between a manager and a leader. In your opinion, what are the important qualities of a leader and why leadership is considered an important quality of a civil servant?","10","150"],[19,"b) Finding that often creates deep cleavages between personal and professional life. In this context, discuss the importance of emotional intelligence for a civil servant.","10","150"],[21,"a) \"No responsibility of the government is more fundamental than the responsibility of maintaining the higher standards of ethical behaviour.\" - John F. Kennedy","10","150"],[23,"Dalai Lama through his quote above underlines the importance of self awareness by individuals.","10","150"],[25,"c) \"There is no higher religion than human service. To work for the common good is the greatest creed.\" - Woodrow Wilson.","10","150"],[27,"Q.7 During the second wave of Covid-19, Amit, a resident of a posh metropolitan society, was desperately looking for Covid-19 vaccination slots for him and his wife. His wife is diabetic and also suffers from asthma. The government has started an online registration process for keeping a track of vaccination progress as well as maintaining transparency in vaccination allocation. However, the demand has out stripped the supply by a huge margin and it has become very difficult to get a slot booked for vaccination. Amit tried to register an online slot for himself and his wife but, like millions of others, he was unable to book a slot. He also visited all the health facilities near him and even requested government officials for vaccines, but to no avail. He knew that the chairman of his society, Mr. Chadda, is a politically connected man and could arrange the vaccines. When Amit approached Mr. Chadda, he told Amit that other members of the society had also approached him and he was trying to get vaccines for the entire society. After a few days, a camp has been set up in the society for free vaccination of all eligible members of the society. Amit decides to volunteer in the vaccination drive. While volunteering, he finds that the vaccine boxes have 'For Public Health Centre, Village Gumla' written on them. Amit understood that these vaccines are meant for rural area but had been diverted to this society. He brings the matter to the notice of Mr. Chadda. Mr. Chadda tells Amit that he should not worry about the source of the vaccine and if he feels any guilt, he can skip the vaccination drive as it is a voluntary exercise. Amit knows that this is the only opportunity for him and his wife to get vaccines immediately. When Amit asks for his wife's opinion, she advises him to be thankful that Mr. Chadda has arranged the vaccines for them and that people in the villages are safer as villages are less congested. Amit is now in a conundrum over whether he should get vaccine shots for him and his wife that are meant for rural people. He is also not sure whether he should report the matter to government officials or not. Apart from facing danger of contracting Covid-19, the decision to report would also lead to many other old and vulnerable residents of the society to miss out on the vaccine. With reference to this case study:\na) Bring out and discuss the ethical dilemmas involved in this case.\nb) What is the best course of action for Amit? What ethical principles should he consider before taking any future action?","20","250"],[28,"a) इस मामले में शामिल नैतिक दुविधाओं को सामने लाएं और उन पर चर्चा करें।\nb) अमित के लिए कार्रवाई का सबसे अच्छा तरीका क्या है? भविष्य में कोई कार्रवाई करने से पहले उसे किन नैतिक सिद्धांतों पर विचार करना चाहिए?","20 अंक","250 शब्द"],[32,"Q.8) Satish owns an ad agency which is doing very good in terms of revenue and online ratings. The creative and innovative working environment has led to a good reputation of the new company and Satish is anticipating a few big contracts from potential clients in near future. Satish attributes the success of his new agency to his very capable creative director who is instrumental in designing the content of his company's work. One day, Satish received a completed advertisement from his creative director for a daily consumer product. Satish as well as the concerned client were very impressed with the content and congratulated the creative director for his work and approved it to be launched.\nHowever, after a few days of the launch of the advertisement, Satish started receiving threats from a particular section of the community to withdraw the advertisement as it, according to them, had hurt their religious sentiments. Although Satish himself approved the advertisement, now there is pressure from an influential political leader of the concerned community to remove the creative director for offending the religious sentiments of the community. Satish is threatened of dire consequences if he does not remove the creative director. The situation has left Satish stressed and very worried as the threats through calls and messages are targeted towards his family members as well. More so the advertisement is receiving immense online trolling on popular social media platforms like Twitter, Facebook etc. Morphed pictures of Satish are being circulated in the social media platforms and he fears that the same might be done with his family members.\nThis whole incident has caused Satish great psychological and emotional strain. His ad agency depends a lot on social media platforms for marketing and the massive amount of trolling is bringing a very bad name to his agency, thus significantly reducing the ratings and business credibility of his new firm. He has also received information from an executive of a big company that his contract for making a series of promotional videos and advertisements could be cancelled as the company does not want to associate with him due to the current controversy. Satish was counting on this project and its cancellation will lead him towards a considerable financial loss. As a concerned owner Satish consulted his legal team which advised him to withdraw the advertisement even though there was nothing legally imprudent in the content in order to save the image and retain the clients of the firm. They also informally advised Satish to agree to the demands of removing the creative director in order to placate the angry members of the community. Satish as a young entrepreneur has always supported independent thinking and creative content and finds himself in a dilemma.\na) You are a friend of Satish and he turns to you for counsel in this difficult situation. Help him identify various ethical issues involved in this situation and suggest to him the most suitable course of action.\nb) 'Censorship by voice and defamation' on social media has become a disturbing scenario. What according to you motivates the social media users to engage in online bullying?","20","250"],[33,"a) आप सतीश के मित्र हैं और यह इस कठिन परिस्थिति में परामर्श के लिए आपके पास आता है। इस स्थिति में शामिल विभिन्न नैतिक मुद्दों की पहचान करने में उसकी मदद करें और उसे कार्रवाई का सबसे उपयुक्त तरीका सुझाएं।\nb) सोशल मीडिया पर 'ध्वनि और मानहानि द्वारा सेंसरशिप' एक परिदृश्य बनने वाला परिदृश्य बन गया है। आपके अनुसार सोशल मीडिया उपयोगकर्ताओं को ऑनलाइन पुलिस में शामिल होने के लिए क्या प्रेरित करता है?\na) आप सतीश के मित्र हैं और यह इस कठिन परिस्थिति में परामर्श के लिए आपके पास आता है। इस स्थिति में शामिल विभिन्न नैतिक मुद्दों की पहचान करने में उसकी मदद करें और उसे कार्रवाई का सबसे उपयुक्त तरीका सुझाएं।\nb) सोशल मीडिया पर 'ध्वनि और मानहानि द्वारा सेंसरशिप' एक परिदृश्य बनने वाला परिदृश्य बन गया है। आपके अनुसार सोशल मीडिया उपयोगकर्ताओं को ऑनलाइन पुलिस में शामिल होने के लिए क्या प्रेरित करता है?","20 अंक","250 शब्द"],[37,"In such a complex situation, what will be your response? Examine the qualities of a public servant which will be required to manage the situation.","20","250"],[38,"ऐसी जटिल स्थिति में आपकी क्या प्रतिक्रिया होगी? एक निपुण सेवक के उन गुणों का परीक्षण कीजिए जो स्थिति को प्रभावित करने के लिए आवश्यक होंगे।","20 अंक","250 शब्द"],[42,"Q.10) Kuldeep is an honest senior officer working in Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB) in one of the states in Western India. The state has been in news for a trend of increasing drug usage among the youth. One day, he received a tip-off regarding a drug party. He conducted a raid and detained all the persons present on the venue. One of the detainees was Raghav, the son of a wealthy and politically connected businessman. He was in an intoxicated state and misbehaved with the NCB personnel on duty, warning them of dire consequences for detaining him. During frisking, Raghav was found to be in possession of contraband drugs. He was arrested and this news went viral on social media.\n\nSoon after the arrest, Kuldeep received a call from his senior who asked Kuldeep to apprise him of the case. During the conversation his senior dropped a subtle hint that as Raghav is a well-connected individual, going after him could be a career damaging case for Mr. Kuldeep and he should quietly settle the case for his own good. Kuldeep understood that his senior wanted him to drop charges against Raghav and set him free. However, Kuldeep has decided to pursue the case and follow the law.\n\nFew days after the arrest, a case was filed by Raghav's father alleging that Kuldeep has asked for money in return of dropping case against his son. Some people on social media have raised doubt on educational qualification of Kuldeep and few have made even distasteful remarks on his personal life. These allegations were widely covered in electronic media putting Kuldeep and his entire family under immense psychological pressure. In response to the allegations, the government has setup an inquiry panel to look into the matter. The inquiry panel promptly seeks Kuldeep's explanation.\n\nSome of the options available with Kuldeep to handle this situation could be as follows:\na) Kuldeep can present his case to the inquiry panel and go soft on the investigation of the case.\nb) Kuldeep can present his case to the inquiry panel and continue firmly with the case.\nc) Kuldeep can ignore the inquiry panel and directly approach the media with the case findings and his side of the story.\n\nSuggest any other possible option(s) that can be availed by Kuldeep. Evaluate all of them and suggest the best course of action, giving reasons for it.","20","250"],[43,"कुलदीप अपना मामला जांच पैनल के सामने पेश कर सकते हैं और मामले की जांच में नसीब बरत सकते हैं।\na) कुलदीप अपना मामला जांच पैनल के सामने पेश कर सकते हैं और मामले को मजबूती से जारी रख सकते हैं।\nb) कुलदीप जांच पैनल को अनदेखी कर सकते हैं और मामले के निष्कर्ष और कहानी के अपने पक्ष के साथ सीधे मीडिया से संपर्क कर सकते हैं।\nकिसी अन्य सम्भावित विकल्प का सुझाव दें जिसका कुलदीप द्वारा लाभ उठाया जा सकता है। उन सभी का मूल्यांकन करें और उनके लिए कारण दर्शाते हुए कार्रवाई का सर्वोत्तम तरीका सुझाएं। (250 शब्द, 20 अंक)","20","250"],[47,"Q1 You are the drug controller and are appointed by the court to investigate the case. There are two options before you:\na) You ought to take a broader view of the situation and will act leniently, as the act was not motivated by concerns for profit and has helped save lives of the poor and needy.\nb) Pursue the matter strictly in spirit of the Drug and Cosmetics Act, which has provision for both jail and fine, as the incident was illegal and caused panic in the people.\nAs the drug controller, which course of action will you opt for and why? (250 words, 20 marks)","20","250"],[48,"You are the drug controller and the court has appointed you to investigate the case. You have two options:\na) You should have a comprehensive view of the situation and work with compassion because the work was not inspired by profit motives and it helped save the lives of the poor and needy.\nb) Strictly follow the provisions of the Drug and Cosmetics Act, which provides for both jail and fine, because the incident was illegal and caused panic among people.\nc) What action will you take as a drug controller?","20","250"],[50,"b) Resume the matter strictly as per provisions of law","",""],[52,"Q.12 A social experiment \"slap her\" was conducted to evaluate the attitude of boys in the age group 6-13 years towards violence against women. Experiment started with simple questions where boys were asked their name, aspirations and dreams. Then a girl of their age was introduced to them and a casual conversation was facilitated between boys and girls. During the experiments, boys were instructed to engage in simple activities like hand shaking, high fiving etc. with girls. In the end, boys were asked to slap the girl. Upon hearing the instruction boys looked confused initially, but ultimately all the boys refused to slap the girl. The experiments showed that at a younger age, boys believed that it was wrong for them to hit another person, especially a girl. This experiment also suggested that violence against women is not something that comes naturally to boys. However, this attitude changes drastically as boys grow up to be adults. Data from the National Family Health Survey-4 revealed that for the entire country, 42% of men think that a husband was justified in hitting or beating his wife. A more worrying trend was that an even larger portion, 52%, of women believe that it was acceptable for them to be hit by their husbands. National Crime Record Bureau (NCRB) data shows an increasing trend of domestic violence against women in the country. Further, the Covid-19 induced lockdowns brought a shadow pandemic for women where they were exposed to higher degree of domestic violence. Based on the above observations, answer the following questions:\na) Why does the attitude of boys change towards girls when they grow up?\nb) What explains the higher acceptance of domestic violence among women than men?\nc) What can be done to bring desirable changes in the attitude of society towards women?","20","250"]]},{"i":1005,"t":"Mehak Jain","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1kba4UeNjft_v5OLZVtG6RZlF1cT20WON/view","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) What do you understand by social intelligence? How does it help a civil servant to perform his duty efficiently?","10","150"],[5,"b) Differentiate between active bureaucracy and bureaucratic activism. Discuss, with example, the relevance of bureaucratic activism in India.","10","150"],[7,"Q.2) a) Objectivity and compassion both are considered foundational values for a civil servant. Why is it important for a civil servant to balance these values? Explain with help of two examples where (i) objectivity was practiced without compassion (ii) objectivity and compassion were blended together.","10","150"],[9,"b) What do you understand by the term \"participatory governance\"? Based on your understanding of the term, discuss why is it important for ensuring ethical governance.","10","150"],[11,"Q.3) a) Is lateral entry panacea for all shortcomings in Indian bureaucracy? Critically examine.","10","150"],[13,"b) Differentiate between the following:\n1. Organizational ethics and organizational culture","5","100"],[14,"2. Intellectual integrity vs moral integrity","5 marks, 100","5"],[15,"Q.4) a) Individual liberty is an ideal of democracy, yet states frame laws and policies that restrict personal freedoms. Do you think it is ethical for a democratic government to limit individual liberties of their citizen?","10","150"],[17,"b) The management of covid induced lockdown makes the perfect case for a civil service based on democratic attitude and not bureaucratic attitude. Explain with suitable examples.","10","150"],[19,"Q.5) a) Nations must incorporate morality in their climate action for just and equitable distribution of global carbon space. In this light, bring out and discuss ethical dimensions in India's climate action plans and commitments.","10","150"],[21,"b) \"There would be no one to frighten you, if you refused to be afraid.\"- Mahatma Gandhi. Discuss.","10","150"],[23,"Q.6) a) What do you understand by business ethics? Is corporate ethics really concerned about public well-being or is it merely a profit-making strategy?","10","150"],[25,"b) Accountability without transparency is hollow, transparency without accountability is meaningless. Explain the statement with suitable examples.","10","150"],[27,"c) Why is dedication a more significant value for public servants compared to their counterparts? Explain with help of real-life examples.","10","150"],[29,"Q.7 Policing in India is often seen as employing harsh and inhumane methods on citizens while dealing with civic issues. This can be seen in the following three incidents: A State government ordered a ban on selling of firecrackers on Diwali. Raids were carried out across the state to apprehend illegal sale of firecrackers. During one such raid, a roadside vendor was arrested in front of his young daughter who was seen to be pleading the police to let go of her father. The police were seen to upturn the small cache of firecrackers displayed for sale on a cot. In another incident, police were seen to upturn a cart of vegetables while enforcing restrictions against opening of shops in a lock-down imposed to control a pandemic. In another lockdown related incident, police personnel canned a young man roaming outside his house, and when his father intervened, both were arrested. All three incidents were caught on camera and the videos went viral on social media sites. As Superintendent of Police, you intend to impart a more humane face to the police in your district and bridge the trust deficit that exist between common citizens and police personals. You find out that the police personals are overworked and many vacancies have been lying pending for years. The police personals are forced to work for long hours without breaks, away from families, including on days of festivals. You also have good reasons to believe the existence of an extortion network involving police in your district with apparent political patronage. The government has invited suggestions from the police heads for overhauling the working of the police and making the police the ideal employer attracting best of the talent to fill pending vacancies. Based on these details, answer:\na) How could the three instances of apparent high handedness by police as described be dealt differently?\nb) Analyze the difference between police service and police force.\nc) What would be your suggestions to the government? How would you strengthen the moral values among the police personals in your district?","20","20"],[34,"Q.8) You are working as a Chief Development Officer in a district. You are known for your honesty and dedication to work. All the files related to development work and contracts in the district pass through your office. This makes your office vulnerable to corruption. You have made it clear to your staff that you will follow zero tolerance to corruption in office and very strict action will be taken against anyone who indulges in corruption.\n\nOne day a contractor came to meet you regarding an ongoing project. He informed you that your peon takes money from all the contractors for telling them about your schedule and meeting timings. The contractor told you that it is difficult to meet you because of your busy schedule. The peon takes money and informs them about timings when you are available in the office. It saves them much effort and makes it easy to meet you.\n\nYou are unhappy with your peon. You called him and asked for an explanation. The peon told you that he does not ask for money, it is the contractors who give him money on their own. The amount involved is very small, just sufficient for tea or coffee. He further tells that he has 6 daughters, all of whom are unmarried. His youngest daughter has a chronic illness and she is bedridden. He tells you that he is in dire need of money. He also tells you that this is a common practice and peons of all the officers get money from the contractors for facilitating their meetings with other officers.\n\nYou enquired about his story with your other staff and whatever he told you about his daughters was true. You know that the salary of a peon is not sufficient for taking care of such a large family and getting good treatment for the daughter. There is also the problem of dowry in the area which makes the marriage of women expensive.\na) Why are such acts of petty corruption considered acceptable in government offices?\nb) Is there a case for serious action against the peon? What will be your course of action to deal with the situation?","20","20"],[39,"Q.9 India has been trying to develop deeper bonds with its neighbors through its neighborhood first policy. The policy has started bearing fruits. In recent years the relationship with country X, one of the India's neighbors, has been improving. This is visible as the government of X has been supportive of Indian government's efforts to reign in the militant groups that find shelter in the dense forests along the border with X. Successful joint operations of Indian army and X's military have helped reduce militancy in the Indian bordering states. Last month, the military of X carried out a coup d'etat and took over the democratically elected government. The entire political leadership was put under house arrest and the head of the government was arrested on the charge of electoral frauds. The citizens of the nation protested against the coup. The military responded with violent suppression of the protesters. A section of police officers, sympathetic to the cause of the protesters, refused to follow orders of their superiors to open fire upon unarmed protestors and even sided with the protestors. This act of defiance created a fear of persecution in these officers by the military. Some of these police officers and their families crossed over to India through porous borders. Inflow of refugees through porous borders has been a continuous source of tension between India and X. In past few years, due to ethnic and religious persecution, a large number of people have come to India illegally. This number is expected to rise in future because of military rule in the country. India is concerned about the inflow of illegal immigrants as well as removal of democratically elected government in X. India has been invited by X to participate in latter's Armed Forces Day parade. Many countries have refused the invitation in wake of the violence seen during handling of protests by the police and armed forces. The permanent representative of X at United Nations has called on the countries of the world to not engage with the military regime of X. Most western countries have announced sanctions against X's military-related individuals and businesses and have called for restoration of democracy. India has been reluctant to comment on the matter and it is still contemplating about future course of action. As a senior bureaucrat in the Ministry of External Affairs, you have been asked by the government to devise a professional response to the current crisis, answer the following questions:\na) What are the available options and what course of action would you suggest?\nb) List five ethical factors that would influence your suggestion to the government.","20","250"],[40,"a) The above situation presents a classic dilemma in international affairs where the domestic interest of a country often conflicts with ethical course of action. What options available?\n1) giving refuge to police from country X and openly comment on the wrongdoing in neighbourhood","",""],[44,"Q.10 Based on the given information, answer the following:\na) Examine the relevance of functional specialization in the developmental roles of public administrators.\nb) Is Dr Surendra Tarun an example of an ideal administrator? Justify your answer.","20","20"],[45,"a) लोक प्रशासकों की विकासात्मक भूमिकाओं में कार्यात्मक विशेषज्ञता की प्रासंगिकता का परीक्षण कीजिए।\nb) क्या डॉ सुरेंद्र तरुण एक आदर्श प्रशासक के उदाहरण हैं? अपने जवाब का औचित्य सिद्ध करें।\na) लोक प्रशासकों की विकासात्मक भूमिकाओं में कार्यात्मक विशेषज्ञता की प्रासंगिकता का परीक्षण कीजिए।\nb) क्या डॉ सुरेंद्र तरुण एक आदर्श प्रशासक के उदाहरण हैं? अपने जवाब का औचित्य सिद्ध करें।","","20 अंक"],[49,"Q.11 You have been recently appointed as the SP of the Gumla district of Jharkhand. You are a person who believes in rationality and has empathy towards vulnerable sections. Tribals form the majority population of the district. There is widespread illiteracy among the local people of Gumla. People of the district are mainly engaged in agriculture which does not provide adequate income to them. The district also performs poorly on socio-economic development parameters. The healthcare delivery and education system are not appropriate in the district. One day you saw a headline in a local daily newspaper about a case of mob lynching of four elderly persons suspected of practicing witchcraft. You have always lived in metro cities and this kind of news was shocking to you. You were deeply hurt by the news and your conscience was forcing you to do something concrete about it. Therefore, you ordered a preliminary enquiry to investigate the incident. Moreover, the State Human Rights Commission has also demanded answers from the government in the case of human rights violations. So, there is a pressure by the government on you to resolve the issue as soon as possible. As you investigate the matter, you find that there is widespread superstition prevalent in the district specially in hinterland areas. The people do not go to local health centers and choose to visit ojha (quack). When ojha has fail to cure the illness, they put the blame on someone in the village. Such persons then become victim of villager's rage as villagers consider them as responsible for the death of their loved ones. You are aware of Jharkhand witchcraft prevention act 2001 which imposes legal sanctions for identifying a woman as a witch. However, many activists have pointed that the act is a toothless legislation. The act imposes a fine of only 1000 rupees and has a provision of imprisonment of only three months. The investigation also reveals that there is an indirect consent of local Panchayat heads in such incidents. If anybody tries to raise voice against it he/she is outcasted by the village. Therefore, even rational people prefer to remain silent about such incidents. It was also found that the police officers react only after violence takes place. After these findings, you understand that the district requires urgent reform to curb such inhuman acts.\na) Bring out and discuss the ethical issues involved in the above case\nb) As a senior police officer responsible for maintaining law and order in your district, how are you going to bring the problem under control?","20","20"],[50,"b) आपके जिले में कानून-व्यवस्था बनाए रखने के लिए, जिम्मेदार एक वरिष्ठ पुलिस अधिकारी के रूप में, आप समस्या को कैसे नियंत्रण में लाने जा रहे हैं?","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[54,"Q.12 Considering the whole situation, do you agree that Apple's action was justified? Why or why not? Make an argument by weighing the competing values in this case.","20","250"],[55,"पूरी स्थिति को ध्यान में रखते हुए क्या आप सहमत हैं कि ऐप्पल की कार्रवाई उचित थी? क्यों या क्यों नहीं? इस मामले में प्रतिस्पर्धी मूल्य को तौलकर तर्क दें।","20 अंक","250 शब्द"],[58,"2) Ethical hacking is justified from utilitarian perspective & can be explored for greater good of society, only in cases specified by law, subject to approval of parliament or a direct vote by people.\n1. competing values/ ethical dilemmas\n2. why Apple is justified\n3. why not justified\n4. Suggest an alternative","",""]]},{"i":1006,"t":"Minal Karanwal","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1PnXSY389QjIFdYww_qBHvyJpb8tYL1UM/view","q":[[3,"1. (a) Celebrities are paid huge amounts by companies for endorsing products that at times turn out to be harmful for the consumers. Examine the ethical dimensions involved in such instances.","10","not more than 150"],[5,"1. (b) Lack of cleanliness in urban areas despite schemes such as the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan point to difficulties faced in bringing about attitudinal and behavioural changes. Discuss.","10",""],[7,"2. (a) Issues around economic inclusion are not just about income gaps, there are many dimensions of moral and ethical choices as well. Discuss.","10",""],[9,"(b) Socially and economically marginalized women are used to make a profit, often at the cost of their own health and reproductive autonomy, in the name of commercial surrogacy. Discuss the ethical issues associated with commercial surrogacy in India. Should commercial surrogacy be completely banned?","10",""],[11,"3. (a) While discussing the ethical issues that journalists face on a regular basis, examine the causes of increased sensationalism in news media in recent times.","10",""],[13,"(b) What are the various sources through which humans can judge the correctness of their actions? In the context of public life discuss how these sources are important in offering a clear and practical guidance.","","10"],[15,"4. (a) Should a person resort to leaking of information in case of wrongs done in the organization? Does it cause a conflict of interest between the personal, organizational and societal spheres? Discuss with examples.","","10"],[17,"(b) Competition, it is argued, spurs the best of performance, however, can it also instigate cheating and unethical behaviour? Discuss with adequate examples.","10",""],[19,"5. (a) \"A person may cause evil to others not only by his actions but by his inaction, and in either case he is justly accountable to them for the injury\". Explain the statement giving one example each from personal and public life.","","10"],[21,"(b) \"A people that values its privileges above its principles soon loses both.\" What does this quotation mean to you? Explain with an example.","10",""],[23,"6. Instances of atrocities against dalits despite stringent legal measures point to the fact that the problem is not one of legality only but a matter of entrenched social prejudices and attitude. In this context suggest some effective measures to address the issue holistically.","10",""],[25,"7. What do you mean by 'anonymity in the civil services'? Explain why anonymity and neutrality are considered as important traits for civil servants.","10",""],[27,"8. Prescription of dresscode for women not only violates their liberty but also reflects outdated views on gender relations as well as proper conduct. Comment.","10",""],[29,"9. You are DM of of a very poor district in the hinterland of India. It has come to your notice that manual scavenging is widely prevalent in the district even though the new law prohibits manual scavenging in any form. Upon enquiry, you have found that the number of manual scavengers has been reported to be very low, however, hundreds of dry latrines in the district depict a different picture. You have also noticed two more important trends: first, most of the manual scavengers are Dalits, and second, in many of the cases they themselves go to the houses and request the owners to clean their toilets manually, as it would provide monetary benefits. The entire district administration has been criticized by the media and there is political pressure on you to manipulate the data in a way that it shows less number of manual scavengers in the district. Based on the given information answer the following:\n1. Identify the ethical issues associated with manual scavenging.\n2. List the options available to you in the given case. Evaluate the merits and demerits of each.\n3. Discuss some feasible steps that you can take to control this serious problem.","20","in around 250"],[35,"10. You are SP of a district where the use of drugs is prevalent, especially among the youth. The neighbouring districts are also suffering from the same problem. There is a huge hue and cry in the national media about the drug issue and the government and political parties are pressurising the police and district administration to act on the issue. A big deal of drugs is busted by the police in your area and all the culprits have been arrested. However, even before you reach your office, a minister from the ruling party of the state calls and asks you to release few of the culprits. You have long suspected the role of many senior leaders in this drug menace of the state. You have also been informed by your juniors that a few officers who dared to act against people involved in drug dealings were transferred or suspended on wrong charges earlier.\n1. Identify the options available to you.\n2. Evaluate the pros and cons of each of your options.","20",""],[41,"11. You are the manager of a small hotel which maintains high standards of ethics in dealing with its customers. One day a person comes to your hotel and enquires about booking a room at your hotel. However, due to peak season, all rooms were already booked and hence the staff politely informed him about the unavailability. The person, however, was adamant and took this as a personal insult and started misbehaving with the staff present at the counter. Citing his political connection he also threatened the staff of severe consequences. Next day the person lodged a frivolous complaint with the police under the stringent SC/ST act. In his complaint he accused you and your staff of insulting him deliberately on the basis of his caste. He insisted further that he was denied a room at your hotel due to the caste he belongs to.\n1. What are the options available to you?\n2. Evaluate each of these options and choose the option which you would adopt, giving reasons.","20",""],[47,"12. You are the Health Secretary in a state where there is an outbreak of dengue and chikungunya diseases. There have been reports of negligent attitude of some private hospitals in the city. Also, the public hospitals do not have the required infrastructure and staff to meet such increased number of cases in a short span of time. Additionally, the staff is demoralised by the increased working hours and the public outrage. Despite the efforts of the local authorities this issue emerges year after year.\n1. What are the immediate steps which should be taken in such a situation?\n2. Suggest some long term measures to ensure that such a situation is not repeated.","20",""],[53,"13. As a Forest Officer, you are receiving increasing complaints of certain animals ruining the farms and causing damage to crops. This is creating an undue financial burden for the farmers who are in deep distress because of the uncontrolled damage. Consequently, the farmers are demanding you to put forward a request for culling of animals. You are an animal lover and against culling of animals. You had made efforts to control the menace but the population of animals has increased beyond the managing capacity.\n1. What are the options available to you? Evaluate each of these options and choose the option which you would adopt, giving reasons.\n2. Also suggest some long term measures to ensure that such a situation is not repeated.","20",""],[59,"14. Dr. A.K. Singh, a professor of medicine, is a prominent cardiologist. His personal financial investments include significant stock holdings in three publicly traded biotechnology firms. He is approached by one of these firms to be a lead investigator in a therapeutic trial of a novel agent for preventing tissue damage from myocardial infarction (MI). This will be a randomized double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial (neither patient nor physician will know whether the drug under investigation or a placebo is being used in a given patient). Dr. Singh is quite familiar with the preliminary animal and cell biology work in the area and believes that there is an excellent chance that this new drug will result in a significant improvement in survival and reduce damage to the heart muscle. He even thinks this novel agent may reduce the risk of heart failure and irregular beats. Dr. Singh's group is one of the few cardiology groups fully prepared to carry out this investigation, which is why he was contacted. He cares for a large number of patients with MI and believes that he could enroll numerous patients efficiently. The drug will only be available to his patients if his group participates in the trial. The company is offering Rs. 25 lakh for each patient enrolled. As a lead investigator, he will become much better known and will likely experience an increase in referrals if the trial succeeds.\n1. Is Dr. Singh's participation in this study appropriate? Justify your position.\n2. Does Dr. Singh have a conflict of interest? If so, what is the nature of the conflict? How could it be mitigated.\n3. How would the nature of the conflict of interest be different had he not already owned stock, but instead had been offered stock as a form of compensation for conducting the study?","",""]]},{"i":515,"t":"Minal Negi","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":2025,"r":66,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/MINAL-NEGIUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-66-Sample-MGP-Copy-2.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) It is often said that politics and ethics belong to different worlds. What is your opinion in this regard? Justify your answer with illustration. Also, highlight the consequences of divergence between politics and ethics.\nb) “Those who would give up essential liberty to purchase a little temporary safety, deserve neither liberty nor safety.” In the context of this statement, bring out the ethical issues involved with creating a surveillance state for the sake of national security.","10","150"],[4,"Q.4) a) What do you understand by environmental ethics? Examine the ethical concerns in ‘phase-down versus phase out debate’ in the use of coal by developing countries.\nb) Define the term “ethical hacking”. What are the principles that separate ethical hacking from malicious hacking?","10 marks, 150","10"],[5,"Q.7 You are working as Director (Human Resource) in a software company. Various factors such as economic slowdown in some of the major trade partners of India and disruptive technological changes like generative Artificial Intelligence require rapid adaptive measures from businesses to survive. The marketing department has reported that there is lack of demand for the services provided by your company in the market and business-as-usual scenario could spell doom for the company. Your company has decided to take a slew of measures to tread through a tough phase of the business which include technological rejuvenation of the company and streamlining the workforce. A significant number of employees in your organization are above fifty years of age and are finding it difficult to adapt to the new working conditions and the rapid upskilling required by the company. After proper training, the employees were subjected to a test, and a list was prepared of those who are above fifty years of age and who did not do well in the test. You have been told by the board of directors that they have plans to lay off approximately 25% of the employees. This is essential for the efficiency and survival of the company. You have been given a list of employees who are to be laid off and you have been told to communicate to them the decision of the company to terminate them.\na) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\nb) As the head of the HR department, what ethical dilemma do you face?\nc) Do you think that the company’s decision is appropriate? According to you what should have been the ideal course of action in the given scenario?","20","20"],[6,"Q.8) Farmer unions have called for mass protest against the private sugar factories for pending arrear that are due for the last two years. On the day of mass protest, large number of farmers turned up at several places and the protests turned violent. There were instances of stone pelting, vehicle burning, and clashes with police, who were not able to control the violent protesters at some places. The resort to lathi charge only aggravated the agitated protestors. At one of the protest sites, police resorted to firing and four farmers were killed. This further fuelled the protests as farmers at other places also resorted to violence to protest against police action. Looking at the intensity of the situation, under opposition pressure, one of the Minister of the state government gave the statement that farmers did not die due to police firing but there were some anti-social elements amongst the protesters who fired in order to create unrest in the state. This statement of the Minister instead of calming the protesters further angered them as some eyewitness testified to news channels about the deaths being the result of police firing. All this further projected government in bad light and the police action has come under severe criticism by various sections of intelligentsia. The public sentiment has started to sway in favour of the protesting farmers. The protesters have started blocking all the major state highways which has crippled the day-to-day routine of the people of the state. Further, there is a danger that the situation might get out of control anytime. There is huge pressure on the state government to diffuse the situation. Suppose you are the district magistrate where the incident has taken place:\na) You are to address the press conference. What will be your statement to the media if it seeks clarification on whether people died in the police firing?\nb) What are the ethical issues involved in the case?\nc) What steps will you take to tackle the post-firing situation effectively?","20","250"],[7,"Q.9 A gaming website dedicated to chess has gained popularity in recent times due to its online lessons and tips for improving skills in the game. You have recently started playing chess at the platform. The platform provides you analysis of your games and suggests areas of improvement. The online lessons have helped you improve your game a lot over a very short time. You are amazed at the ability of competing with players of all levels of skills from across the world. While testing and improving your chess skills on the platform, you have made friendship and acquaintances with many competitive chess players from different parts of the world. Recently, you have been encountering racial, religious and stereotypical remarks during the games from the other players. Initially you ignored such things as childish tactics by an opponent to distract you from your gameplay. Later you would try to engage with such people to dispel stereotypes. But increasingly such experiences are making you sad and bitter. Now you block such people as you encounter them.\nWhat started as a fun and stimulating experience for you has become a source of negativity in your life. In your discussions with other people, you come to realize that they have also experienced similar racial and religious slurs, and many people have left the platform to avoid the abusive experience. You also sense that this is not an issue specific to this gaming website but is part of the generally seen behaviour on social media. You used to consider online trolling as harmless puns that could not create actual harm, but after experiencing its dark side as a victim you are realizing its negative impact.\nGiven this information, what are your thoughts on the following :\na) How should one deal with the issues of on-line abuse such as in the case above? What options are available to you?\nb) What values should guide online behaviour? Do these values differ from values governing offline conduct?","20","250"],[8,"Q.10 Jajantara, one of the districts in Eastern India has emerged as a hotspot of voice phishing activity. Voice phishing, also known as ‘vishing’, is the use of fraudulent phone calls to trick people into giving money or revealing personal information. Vishing fraudsters often use modern VOIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) features such as caller ID spoofing and automated systems (IVR) to impede detection by law enforcement agencies. Vishing is typically used to steal credit card numbers, banking details or other information for identity theft and related crimes. The promise of earning huge amount of money in shorter span of time is used to lure unemployed and educated youth into this scam. The entire vishing racket is being run like an organised crime. The networks that run these scams have also started feeding other crimes like arms smuggling, money laundering, and gang wars. The system is on the verge of collapse and the common people are losing faith in the capability of administration to improve law and order in the district. The situation has been further worsened by unconfirmed reports that local politicians as well as some senior police officers are providing surreptitious patronage to the phishing mafia. The poor reputation of the district has started to reflect in international headlines. The youth from the area are stigmatised and face hurdles in gaining employment due to the negative perceptions about the district.\nYou are a police officer who is appointed as superintendent of police to bring the situation to normalcy. Identify the various dimensions of the crisis. Based on your understanding, suggest measures to deal with the same.","20","250"],[9,"Q.11 Prahlad is a climate conscious and responsible citizen, who left his well-paying job as a senior manager in a multinational company to start a small firm that would manufacture eco-friendly products. The motto of his company is “no waste, all green”. His firm makes bio-degradable polymer which can be used as an alternative to plastic bags, bottles, plates etc. Prahlad thinks that this will promote a healthier environment and will have a positive impact on people’s health. It will also help address the problem of climate change by reducing one’s carbon footprint. For this to be achieved, he believes that not just products, but the process too should be less polluting. This is why, he invested heavily in non-polluting machinery. These machines are certified as “green machines”. In fact, some of them were even imported from other countries. All of this has gained him a good reputation in the eyes of critics and environmentalists. But as the technology used in manufacturing these products is new, imported and expensive, the products made by Prahlad’s firm is costlier than conventional plastic products. Prahlad has proved that his product is environmentally benign, but he was unable to scale up production because of he ran out of funds. Prahlad knows that if he could start manufacturing the polymer at a large scale and leverage economies of scale his product would become more price competitive to conventional plastics. Prahlad used last of his funds to publicize his product. Prahlad thought that with this publicity, raising funds from the market would be easy. Prahlad reached out to many investors, and they showed great interest in Prahlad’s product. But none of them were willing to invest money in this product. They feared that this new product, being much expensive, would not be able to compete with the conventional plastic products. Prahlad’s firm is also losing his existing customer who complain about very high cost of his products. Both Prahlad’s prospective investors and past customers know that this technology is less polluting and environmentally benign and has a positive attitude towards it. But consumer concern and attitude about the environment does not readily translate into the purchase of environmentally friendly products. Academic research has also identified this gap between purchase intentions and behaviors. Prahlad knows that if he changes the production procedure, things can look better for the company on the financial front, but that can take away his reputation and will also be against his own beliefs. The only possible hope is to expand his consumer base, sell his products at full capacity and convince investors to invest in his eco-friendly venture to keep his green industry running. Consider yourself in Prahlad’s position and answer the following questions:\na) How will you induce behavioral change to nudge people to move towards eco-friendly products?\nb) What factors will you have to consider while inspiring such a change?","20","250"],[10,"Q.12 Sundar, a young government servant, joined the office with great enthusiasm and desire to serve the public. Soon after getting a government job, Sundar got married with Sarita who is also a government servant working as a junior engineer in electricity department. But both of them have different postings. They work from two different cities and live separately. Sundar has applied for his transfer many times, but in vain.\nWith his dedication to work, Sundar is making a great image of himself and is getting appreciation from his peers and seniors. Because of his great performance, he got an important task of auditing the performance of “Housing for all” scheme. The scheme aims to provide affordable housing to the urban poor population. However, his study and research led to some shocking results. He found out that most of the houses are being acquired by relatives of local politicians and government servants.\na) What ethical issues arise in this case? How should Sundar deal with these issues?\nb) What steps should Sundar take to ensure transparency and accountability in the audit process?\nc) How can Sundar balance his personal and professional life in this situation?","20","250"],[11,"a) and b) Answer the following questions:\na) Why such instance of corruption in government programmes are common across the country? How can they be prevented?\nb) Enumerate various interests involved in this case from the perspective of different stakeholders. What advice will you give to Sundar?","20","250"],[14,"Q1 (b) Recent Digital Data Protection Act, 2023 which allows unprecedented powers of govt in digital realm has led to compromise of both liberty and security.\n Ethical issues in creating a surveillance state","",""],[20,"Q 7 (a) Attitude and Patience in personal lives","",""]]},{"i":516,"t":"Mohan Lal","c":"Nextias","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":53,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/ee21bf4c91767f03906ea17bc7230b10/31/air-53-mohan-lal__test-6_gs2.pdf","q":[[6,"\"Interstate border disputes, if not promptly and impartially settled, can transform into persistent issues that impede development and generate friction\". Highlighting the constitutional and legal framework to resolve interstate disputes, explain why Independent India has failed to resolve inter-state border disputes.","10","Answer in 150"],[8,"Examine the role of the Inter-state Council in promoting vertical (Centre-State) and horizontal (Inter-State) Intergovernmental cooperation and coordination.","10","150"],[10,"Discuss the key function of the Public Accounts Committee (PAC). What steps should be taken to revamp the Public Accounts Committee (PAC) in order to enhance its effectiveness as a true guardian of public funds?","10","Answer in 150"],[12,"Recognizing the pivotal role of urbanization as a driver of national economic growth, the Fifteenth Finance Commission has suggested major reforms for Urban Local Bodies. Evaluate the recommendations put forward by the Fifteenth Finance Commission in promoting and revitalizing ULBs in India.","10","150"],[14,"Highlight the key differences in the scope of Freedom of speech and expression as provided under Parliamentary privileges vis a vis Fundamental rights. Why is it necessary to maintain a balance between parliamentary privilege and fundamental rights?","10","150"],[16,"Civil society organizations play a pivotal role in fostering \"collective private action for the public good\". What challenges do they face in local resource mobilization (LRM) and corporate funding through corporate social responsibility (CSR)? Also, suggest measures.","10","Answer in 150"],[18,"The first step to eradicating poverty is reliable poverty assessment for program design, implementation, and monitoring. In this context discuss the methodology and significance of NITI Aayog's National Multidimensional Poverty Index.","10","Answer in 150"],[20,"5. In the context of India, despite the presence of constitutional provisions, legal precedents, and international commitments that establish a robust foundation for a right to health, why has there been a lack of explicit legal recognition of this right?","10","Answer in 150"],[22,"The collective strength of BRICS nations allows for meaningful cooperation on myriad issues, however, the platform's ability to influence the trajectory of bilateral relationships remains limited. Do you agree? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[24,"10 In light of the recent demands to amend the Indus Waters Treaty, discuss the possible implications it could have on the water-sharing mechanism between India and Pakistan.","10","150"],[26,"11. The doctrine of Parliamentary sovereignty and judicial supremacy has exerted considerable influence in shaping the constitutional frameworks of India and the USA. Citing relevant case laws discuss the role of the judiciary in influencing the constitutions in these countries. Is the scope of judicial review wider in India?","15","250"],[29,"Delimitation of seats is essential to ensure fair representation and uphold the principles of one vote, one value. Highlighting the challenges posed by misrepresentation in constituencies, analyze the ramifications of population-based delimitation in creating federal tension.","5","Answer in 250"],[32,"13. Discuss the role of the Supreme Court of India in strengthening the hands of the Election Commission in the discharge of its constitutional responsibility of conducting free and fair elections in the country.","15","Answer in 250"],[35,"The declining role of Parliament undermines the fundamental principle of separation of powers, weakens or diminishes the legislature's ability to serve as a check on the executive branch and ensure a balanced exercise of power. Discuss.","15","Answer in 250"],[38,"15 Discuss the crucial role played by the National Commission of Women in shaping the discourse on gender-sensitive laws in India. To what extent the elevation of the National Commission for Women to a constitutional body would reinforce its authority?","15","Answer in 250"],[41,"16. 'Satisfactory and timely redressal of grievances is the cornerstone of 'minimum government, maximum governance.' In this context discuss the challenges associated with current grievance redress mechanisms and suggest measures to strengthen the process. (Answer in 250 words) [15 Marks]","15","250"],[44,"27. Corruption corrodes the fabric of governance, eroding the public's faith in democratic institutions. Examine the potential for harmonizing the Right to Information (RTI) Act, the Whistleblower Protection Act (WBPA), and the Lokpal & Lokayukta Act, 2013, to enhance the effectiveness of the anticorruption regime.","15","Answer in 250"],[47,"8. Analyze the potential challenges and benefits involved in leveraging SHGs as platforms for skill development, entrepreneurship, and income generation among marginalized communities to effectively counter poverty.","15","250"],[50,"19. India is uniquely positioned on the world map for its rich culture. In this context discuss the role of culture, diaspora, and democracy as instruments of India's soft power diplomacy. To what extent India has been able to position itself as a 'smart power'?","15","Answer in 250"],[53,"20. The synergy of shared values and vibrant people-to-people connection between India and Australia creates a fertile ground for fostering long-lasting trade relations and strategic collaboration between the two nations. Analyse.","15","Answer in 250"]]},{"i":517,"t":"Mohan Lal","c":"Nextias","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":53,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/ee21bf4c91767f03906ea17bc7230b10/35/air-53-mohan-lal__test-4_gs4.pdf","q":[[5,"1 (a) Public service requires not merely legal but also morally principled action. Public service requires the public servant to place loyalty to the constitution, laws, and ethical principles. Among the three, which do you think must acquire primacy while carrying out official functions? Why? Discuss.","10","150"],[7,"1. What do you understand by \"integrity-based civil disobedience\"? Do you think a challenge to personal integrity can be a justifiable cause for responsible disobedience in civil services? Explain.","10","Answer in 150"],[9,"2. (a) Recent research has shown that emotions significantly impact personal and professional lives. What are the primary emotions that negatively and positively impact workplace productivity? Explain with relevant examples.","10","150"],[11,"2 (b) Technical efficiency ensures resource utilization and social efficiency ensures fulfillment of social needs. What does ethical efficiency ensure? Do you think ethical efficiency is more important than technical and social efficiency? Why/Why not?","10","150"],[13,"3 (a) \"Man cannot do right in one department of life whilst he is occupied in doing wrong in any other department.\" Gandhi.\nDo you think an individual's personal ethics impacts professional life or they both can be compartmentalized? Explain your position with relevant examples.","10","150"],[15,"3 (b) Goodness is the result of internal imperatives to do what is right, not sanctions from moral rules or rewards from expected consequences. Do you agree? Discuss.","10","Answer in 150"],[17,"4 (a) Explain the meaning of the following quotations and discuss their contemporary relevance.\n(a) \"To tolerate is purely an act of the mind. That is the essence of virtue. To tolerate is a strength.\" (Answer in 150 words) 10 Marks","10","150"],[19,"4 (b) \"It is our first duty to serve society, and after we have done that, we may attend wholly to the salvation of our souls.\"","10","Answer in 150"],[21,"4. (c) \"Periods of peace are the empty pages in the history books\" (Answer in 150 words) 10 Marks","10","150"],[23,"5 (i) In the context of civil service, distinguish between moral and non-moral values. Identify 5 basic moral values that can serve as foundational values for all services irrespective of the department. Give reasons why those values can be considered foundational.","10","150"],[25,"5 (i) Citizens' involvement in decision-making is critical to ethics in governance. Do you agree that effective civic engagement mechanisms can facilitate an ethics-driven administration? What do you think are the mechanisms that citizens can use for ensuring ethics in governance?","10","150"],[27,"(a) Social transformation programs such as \"beti bachao and beti padhao\" believes in using advice, counseling, and persuasion but sometimes a little force is also necessary for getting the desired response. Do you think it is a good idea to mix little force with persuasion by public administrators while implementing social schemes of transformation? Explain with relevant examples.","10","150"],[29,"6 (b) Ultimately foreign policy of every country hinges upon the strength which the nation possesses. Strength may be military or financial and may be also moral. Do you think ethical strength without military or financial muscle will be respected in today's world? Explain your position.","10","150"],[31,"7 You are a young officer working with the Municipal Corporation of an industrial city. The city was known for manufacturing ball bearings and auto parts. Most manufacturing units were small-scale units with very little production process automation. The units relied on manual labor, which was in abundance due to the villages close by.\n\nAs the number of manufacturing units grew, the demand for labor increased, bringing in a steady inflow of laborers into the city. This influx of people into the town led to a mushrooming of slums and encroachments on the sidewalks. Once in a while, the Corporation conducted drives to clear out the slums, but after a time, the slums came back. The illegal slums had become an urban nightmare.\n\nYou were given the responsibility of clearing out the encroachments and slums with the help of Police authorities. As you started the drive, you realized that the people living by the sidewalks were vulnerable compared to the slum dwellers. Many sidewalk dwellers had recently come to the city after selling their properties in their villages. Now if you drive them out, they have no place to go. Your heart went out to them, and you felt that your departmental action was inhumane, but your official responsibilities demanded stern impartial action. You are desperate to find a way to help the sidewalk dwellers without compromising your official duties.\n(a) What value conflicts do you notice in the above situation?\n(b) Can an administrator compromise the value of impartiality for empathy? Discuss.\n(c) What are the options available in the above situation?\n(d) Suggest viable solutions for tackling illegal slums and encroachments in urban areas.","20","250"],[36,"You are the Director of the Department responsible for implementing and operating the scheme. Recently you have been receiving reports of welfare fraud being committed by families by producing fake bonafide. The families committed the fraud with the help of local officials responsible for scrutinizing the documents and detect fraud. This was a comprehensive strategy, but it risked violating an individual's data privacy. As a Department head, you wanted to detect and prevent fraud, but at the same time, you were apprehensive about violating the Data privacy of the stakeholders.\n(a) What are the issues involved in the above case?\n(b) Do you think violating data privacy is justified to prevent welfare fraud? Why/ Why not?\n(c) What, according to you, can be the reasons for such welfare frauds happening in the country?\n(d) Are there any ways and means to prevent such fraud? Give your suggestions.","20","Answer in 250"],[39,"Q2 Way to prevent fraud:\n(i) Creating objective criteria for assessment of intended beneficiary.\n(ii) Use of technology like thumbmail and identity, Aadhar, Data.\n(iii) Social audit to name and shame for person holding undue benefit.\n(iv) Strict enforcement of prevention of Corruption Act to ensure civil servants at ground level follow rules.\n(v) Increase awareness and responsibity by citizens who are touching the undue benefit.\n(vi) Involvement of civil society organisation in delivery to ensure transparency and accountability.","",""],[41,"You are posted in the Department of Mines and one of your roles is to help your Department Head negotiate mining leases with private contractors. Recently, the state government demarcated a new mining zone and planned to invite bids for the mining blocs. You were instructed to oversee the bidding process and speed up the contract negotiations. As planned, the tenders were released, bids came in, and tenders were allocated as per the norms. All this happened at a breakneck speed. You wondered, why the hurry? But it was not your place to think and question; you quietly went about your work. As the contractors were about to start operations, you had to instruct them on environmental concerns to watch out for. And to do that, you read the environmental impact assessment report submitted by a consulting firm hired by the department. To your surprise, the report was shoddy and looked cooked up. You got suspicious and raised the issue with your Head, who politely instructed you to do what you were told, and he reminded you that the Department had revenue targets and was under pressure from the Ministry. After the meeting, you, on your own accord, did some digging and found out that the report was fraudulent and the mining activity that was about to start would lead to a massive environmental disaster which the State could not afford.\n(a) What are the issues and value violations you notice in the above case?\n(b) What are the options available to you?\n(c) Discuss the advantage and disadvantages of each option and identify your chosen course of action.\n(d) Do you think that environmental considerations are sometimes overrated at the cost of development? (Answer in 250 words) 20 marks","20","250"],[46,"(a) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\n(b) Do you think GAMA, as a corporate business, should think about business interests beyond national interests and international ethics? If yes, why? If no, why not?\n(c) Do you think a corporate's business dealings with a community close to its neighboring community have spread to the international community? If yes, why? If no, why not?\n(d) Do you think the defense sector companies marketing sensitive technology should be regulated by their respective governments or should their entrepreneurship and innovation be encouraged? Discuss. (Answer in 250 words) [20 marks]","20","250"],[51,"11 (a) इस मामले में कौन-कौन से नैतिक और व्यावसायिक मुद्दे शामिल हैं?  \n(b) श्री शर्मा और सीईओ के पास कौन-कौन से विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?  \n(c) क्या आपको लगता है कि बिक्री कार्यबल को स्वतंत्रता देने की संगठनात्मक संस्कृति के कारण समस्या उत्पन्न हुई या व्यक्ति की भ्रष्ट प्रवृत्ति के कारण समस्या उत्पन्न हुई? स्पष्ट कीजिए।  \n(d) जैसा कि इस मामले में बताया गया है, ऐसे अनैतिक व्यवहार को रोकने के लिए कंपनी कौन-से नैतिक तंत्र और उपाय निर्माण और कार्यान्वित कर सकती है? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए) 20 अंक\na) इस मामले में कौन-कौन से नैतिक और व्यावसायिक मुद्दे शामिल हैं?\nb) श्री शर्मा और सीईओ के पास कौन-कौन से विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\nc) क्या आपको लगता है कि बिक्री कार्यबल को स्वतंत्रता देने की संगठनात्मक संस्कृति के कारण समस्या उत्पन्न हुई या व्यक्ति की भ्रष्ट प्रवृत्ति के कारण समस्या उत्पन्न हुई? स्पष्ट कीजिए।\nd) जैसा कि इस मामले में बताया गया है, ऐसे अनैतिक व्यवहार को रोकने के लिए कंपनी कौन-से नैतिक तंत्र और उपाय निर्माण और कार्यान्वित कर सकती है?","20 अंक","250 शब्दों में"],[52,"(a) What are the ethical and business issues involved in the case?  \n(b) What are the options available to Mr. Sharma and the CEO?  \n(c) Do you think the organizational culture of giving freedom to the sales force led to the issue or was the individual's corrupt nature that led to the problem? Discuss.  \n(d) What ethics mechanisms and steps can the company create and implement to prevent unethical behavior, as mentioned in the case? (Answer in 250 words) 20 marks","20","250"],[56,"Singh Garh is a primarily rural district with minimal; relatively insignificant industrial activity, except for one consumer goods manufacturing plant, which was the primary source of employment. Development indicators such as health, literacy, etc., were much below the national average. Along with developmental issues, another grave concern was the slow rise in child marriages. Despite the legal sanctions, child marriage continued to rise unabated.\n(a) In the above case, who are the stakeholders involved?\n(b) What do you think Rashim should do? Should Rashim involve the local administration? What would be a good approach? Suggest an effective course of action.\n(c) Do you think companies should also take responsibility for social issues in the areas where they operate? If yes, why? If no, why not?\n(d) Why is the trade union so aggressive in its reaction? What could be the reasons? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[57,"(a) What are the issues involved in the above case?  \n(b) What do you think Rashmi should do? Would it be a good idea for Rashmi to involve local administration? Suggest an implementable course of action.  \n(c) Do you think companies should also accept responsibility for the social problems of the region where they operate? Why/why not?  \n(d) What could be the reasons for such an aggressive reaction from the workers union? How do you think Rashmi should handle the workers union?  (Answer in 250 words) 20 marks","20","250"]]},{"i":518,"t":"Mohit Agrawal","c":"Forumias","p":"GS1","y":2025,"r":281,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/Mohit-Aggarwal-NadbaiwallaUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-281-Sample-MGP-Copy-1-1.pdf","q":[[4,"Q.1) Aditya L1 mission is an important milestone as India's first space based solar observatory. Enlist the major scientific objectives and the challenges of the mission.","10","150"],[6,"Q.2) Describe briefly what gene therapy is and what advantages it has over other treatments?","10","150"],[8,"Q.3) With recent advances in technology, robots are now equipped to perform more than just conventional and routine tasks, which brings new opportunities as well as risks. In this context, evaluate the future potential of the robotics sector.","10","750"],[10,"Q.4) Private participation in propelling India's space journey is widely acknowledged but is yet to be fully tapped. In light of the statement, analyse the hurdles faced by the private sector and also recommend measures to unlock greater private participation in the space economy.","10","150"],[12,"Q.5) Write an explanatory note on the causes and impacts of avalanches. Also, highlight the various strategies to mitigate its impact, with a special emphasis on NDMA guidelines.","10","150"],[14,"Q.6) Technology plays a multidimensional role in augmenting the disaster management apparatus of the country. Discuss. Also, bring out the measures needed to enhance the usage of such technologies in managing disasters.","10","150"],[16,"Q.7) Discuss the natural and anthropogenic factors behind incidents of land subsidence. Suggest counter-measures to contain such incidents.","10","150"],[18,"Q.8) Explain Glacial Lake Outburst Flood (GLOF). Also, discuss GLOF mitigation strategy with special reference to National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) guidelines.","10","150"],[20,"Q.9) National security challenges require sufficiently addressing the concerns of human security. Explain and suggest reforms for the same.","10","150"],[22,"Q.10) Outlining the various cyber threats faced by India, assess the state of the country's preparedness to deal with the same.","10","150"],[24,"Q.11) Explain how the geographical location of India makes it extremely vulnerable to the menace of drug trafficking. What are the various internal security threats posed by drug trafficking?","15","250"],[27,"Q.12) Discuss the socio-economic impact of new developments in science and technology in India since independence.","15","250"],[30,"Q.13 5G technology is a breakthrough that finds applications across diverse sectors. Elaborate. How is 5G technology different from its predecessor? Also, list the various challenges associated with its effective rollout.","15","250"],[33,"Q.14) Discuss the repercussions on marine ecosystem and economy resulting from the combined effects of ocean acidification, ocean warming, and oxygen loss.","15","250"],[36,"Q.15 The invisible nature of groundwater is a major obstacle in the path towards achieving the twin objectives of building climate resilience and meeting the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Elucidate.","15","250"],[39,"Q.16) Describe the concept of loss and damage and evaluate its relevance in ensuring climate equity.","15","250"],[42,"Q.17) What role does wetland play in expanding the framework of sustainable development? What are the challenges faced by wetland ecosystem? Discuss the corrective steps required for their effective conservation.","15","250"],[45,"Q.18) Despite various efforts, a lasting solution to the insurgency in the north-eastern region of India remains elusive. Analyse the reasons behind the continuation of insurgency in the region. Also, suggest effective measures to tackle it.","15","250"],[48,"Q.19) While developmental initiatives have a significant role to play, they alone cannot root out terrorism/militancy in Jammu and Kashmir. Comment.","15","250"],[51,"Q.20 What do you understand by theaterisation of commands? Enumerating the impediments in theaterisation for India's armed forces, discuss the role of Chief of Defence Staff in enhancing the effectiveness of India's external security response.","15","250"]]},{"i":519,"t":"Mohit Agrawal","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":2025,"r":281,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/Mohit-Aggarwal-NadbaiwallaUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-281-Sample-MGP-Copy-2-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) It is often said that politics and ethics belong to different worlds. What is your opinion in this regard? Justify your answer with illustration. Also, highlight the consequences of divergence between politics and ethics.","10","150"],[5,"b) \"Those who would give up essential liberty to purchase a little temporary safety deserve neither liberty nor safety.\" In the context of this statement, bring out the ethical issues involved with creating a surveillance state for the sake of national security.","10","150"],[7,"Q.2) a) Family plays a prominent role in the value development of an individual. Elucidate. Also, examine the impact of the changing nature of families on children's moral development.","10","150"],[9,"b) Different individuals have different conceptions of patriotism. What does patriotism mean to you? Narrate in brief any two real-life incidents when you displayed patriotism","10","150"],[11,"Q.3) a) Moral behaviour is not only good for the community in which one is a part but also for the individuals who profess it. Comment.","10","150"],[13,"b) Discuss the important teachings of Swami Vivekananda. Bring out their relevance in the contemporary world.","10","150"],[15,"Q.4) a) \"Knowing yourself is the beginning of all wisdom.\" Discuss the importance of emotional intelligence in self-realisation. Do you think emotional intelligence can be learned?","10","150"],[17,"b) What do you understand by environmental ethics? Examine the ethical concerns in 'phase-down versus phase out debate in the use of coal by developing countries.","10","150"],[19,"Q.5) a) \"Two things define you: Your patience when you have nothing and your attitude when you have everything.\" What roles do attitude and patience play in the personal and professional lives of civil servants?","10","150"],[21,"b Gendered attitudes convert differences in sexes into discriminations. Examine the factors responsible for negative attitudes toward women in the Indian society. How can these attitudes be changed?","10","150"],[23,"Q.6) What does each of the following quotation mean to you?\na) \"Happiness is when what you think, what you say, and what you do are in harmony.\" - Mahatma Gandhi.","10","150"],[25,"b) \"The price good men pay for indifference to public affairs is to be ruled by evil men.\" - Plato.","10","150"],[27,"c) \"Whatever is begun in anger, ends in shame\" - Benjamin Franklin.","10","10"],[29,"Q.7) Prahlad is a climate conscious and responsible citizen, who left his well-paying job as a senior manager in a multinational company to start a small firm that would manufacture eco-friendly products. The motto of his company is \"no waste, all green\". His firm makes bio-degradable polymer which can be used as an alternative to plastic bags, bottles, plates etc. Prahlad thinks that this will promote a healthier environment and will have a positive impact on people's health. It will also help address the problem of climate change by reducing one's carbon footprint. For this to be achieved, he believes that not just products, but the process too should be less polluting. This is why, he invested heavily in non-polluting machinery. These machines are certified as \"green machines\". In fact, some of them were even imported from other countries. All of this has gained him a good reputation in the eyes of critics and environmentalists. But as the technology used in manufacturing these products is new, imported and expensive, the products made by Prahlad's firm is costlier than conventional plastic products. Prahlad has proved that his product is environmentally benign, but he was unable to scale up production because of he ran out of funds. Prahlad knows that if he could start manufacturing the polymer at a large scale and leverage economies of scale his product would become more price competitive to conventional plastics. Prahlad used last of his funds to publicize his product. Prahlad thought that with this publicity, raising funds from the market would be easy. Prahlad reached out to many investors, and they showed great interest in Prahlad's product. But none of them were willing to invest money in this product. They feared that this new product, being much expensive, would not be able to compete with the conventional plastic products. Prahlad's firm is also losing his existing customer who complain about very high cost of his products. Both Prahlad's prospective investors and past customers know that this technology is less polluting and environmentally benign and has a positive attitude towards it. But consumer concern and attitude about the environment does not readily translate into the purchase of environmentally friendly products. Academic research has also identified this gap between purchase intentions and behaviors. Prahlad knows that if he changes the production procedure, things can look better for the company on the financial front, but that can take away his reputation and will also be against his own beliefs. The only possible hope is to expand his consumer base, sell his products at full capacity and convince investors to invest in his eco-friendly venture to keep his green industry running. Consider yourself in Prahlad's position and answer the following questions:\na) How will you induce behavioral change to nudge people to move towards eco-friendly products?\nb) What factors will you have to consider while inspiring such a change?","20","250"],[30,"खुद को प्रहलाद की स्थिति में रखें और निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर दें:\na) आप लोगों को पर्यावरण-अनुकूल उत्पादों की ओर बढ़ने के लिए प्रेरित करने के लिए व्यवहार में बदलाव कैसे लाएंगे?\nb) इस तरह के बदलाव को प्रेरित करते समय आपको किन कारकों पर विचार करना होगा?","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[35,"Q.8) A gaming website dedicated to chess has gained popularity in recent times due to its online lessons and tips for improving skills in the game. You have recently started playing chess at the platform. The platform provides you analysis of your games and suggests areas of improvement. The online lessons have helped you improve your game a lot over a very short time. You are amazed at the ability of competing with players of all levels of skills from across the world. While testing and improving your chess skills on the platform, you have made friendship and acquaintances with many competitive chess players from different parts of the world. Recently, you have been encountering racial, religious and stereotypical remarks during the games from the other players. Initially you ignored such things as childish tactics by an opponent to distract you from your gameplay. Later you would try to engage with such people to dispel stereotypes. But increasingly such experiences are making you sad and bitter. Now you block such people as you encounter them. What started as a fun and stimulating experience for you has become a source of negativity in your life. In your discussions with other people, you come to realize that they have also experienced similar racial and religious slurs, and many people have left the platform to avoid the abusive experience. You also sense that this is not an issue specific to this gaming website but is part of the generally seen behaviour on social media. You used to consider online trolling as harmless puns that could not create actual harm, but after experiencing its dark side as a victim you are realizing its negative impact. Given this information, what are your thoughts on the following:\na) How should one deal with the issues of on-line abuse such as in the case above? What options are available to you?\nb) What values should guide online behaviour? Do these values differ from values governing offline conduct?","20","250"],[36,"a) किसी को ऑनलाइन दुरुपयोग के मुद्दों से कैसे निपटना चाहिए, जैसा कि ऊपर के केस अध्ययन में है? आपके पास कौन से विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\nb) ऑनलाइन व्यवहार को किन मूल्यों द्वारा निर्देशित किया जाना चाहिए? क्या ये मूल्य ऑफलाइन आचरण को नियंत्रित करने वाले मूल्यों से भिन्न हैं?","","20 अंक"],[41,"Q.9) You are working as Director (Human Resource) in a software company. Various factors such as economic slowdown in some of the major trade partners of India and disruptive technological changes like generative Artificial Intelligence require rapid adaptive measures from businesses to survive. The marketing department has reported that there is lack of demand for the services provided by your company in the market and business-as-usual scenario could spell doom for the company. Your company has decided to take a slew of measures to tread through a tough phase of the business which include technological rejuvenation of the company and streamlining the workforce. A significant number of employees in your organization are above fifty years of age and are finding it difficult to adapt to the new working conditions and the rapid upskilling required by the company. After proper training, the employees were subjected to a test, and a list was prepared of those who are above fifty years of age and who did not do well in the test. You have been told by the board of directors that they have plans to lay off approximately 25% of the employees. This is essential for the efficiency and survival of the company. You have been given a list of employees who are to be laid off and you have been told to communicate to them the decision of the company to terminate them.\n\nIn the above list, there is an employee who has been working in the company for twenty years. He is known for his discipline, integrity, and loyalty to the company. His financial situation is not good at present as he applied for personal loan a few months ago in order to meet the expenses of his ailing father who was hospitalized. He is sole breadwinner of the family and has two dependent daughters. Marriage of one of the daughters is scheduled for next month.\na) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\nb) As the head of the HR department, what ethical dilemma do you face?\nc) Do you think that the company's decision is appropriate? According to you what should have been the ideal course of action in the given scenario?","20","250"],[42,"a) उपरोक्त केस अध्ययन में नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं?\nb) मानव संसाधन विभाग के प्रमुख के रूप में, आपको किस नैतिक दुविधा का सामना करना पड़ता है?\nc) क्या आपको लगता है कि कंपनी का निर्णय उचित है? आपके अनुसार दिए गए परिदृश्य में कार्रवाई का आदर्श तरीका क्या होना चाहिए था?","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[47,"Q.10 Mr. A is travelling by road with his family to attend a marriage ceremony. His grandfather, who is the head of the family, is also travelling with him. On the way to their destination, all of them stop at a roadside restaurant for lunch. This is a well-known restaurant owned by one of the friends of Mr. A. The place is known for its tasty and hygienic food.\n\nHowever, the grandfather notices a picture on the wall of the restaurant and enquires about the religion of the restaurant owner. Mr. A's friend belongs to a religion different from his grandfather's religion. The grandfather has a negative attitude towards the religion of Mr. A's friend, and he insists that he will not eat in that restaurant. He demands that the entire family leave the restaurant immediately, as they are travelling for a happy occasion and eating at this particular restaurant will pollute them. Mr. A tries to calm down his grandfather and explain to him that religion has nothing to do with purity or pollution. He also reasons that several travel magazines have rated the restaurant highly, especially for its superior hygiene standards. Also, he points out that there is no restaurant in the way for the next 100 km, and it will be difficult for all to make do without food for that long. However, his arguments fall on deaf ears, and more specifically, his grandfather admonishes him for bringing the family to the restaurant despite being aware of the religion of the owner. Mr. A's friend feels insulted and discriminated against due to his religion. Mr. A's father is upset but refuses to say anything out of respect for the grandfather. The entire family is embarrassed by the attitude of the grandfather, and they are getting ready to leave the restaurant. Mr. A is confused regarding how he should act in this situation.\na) What are the various ethical issues in the above case study?\nb) Imagine yourself in the place of Mr. A. Evaluate the different courses of action available to you. What is the most suitable course of action?","20","250"],[48,"a) and b) a) उपरोक्त केस अध्ययन में विभिन्न नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं?\nb) खुद को श्री A की जगह पर रखकर कल्पना कीजिए। दी गई विभिन्न कार्यवाही का मूल्यांकन कीजिए। सबसे उपयुक्त कार्यवाही क्या है? (20 अंक, 250 शब्द)","20","250"],[53,"Q.11 On a cold and foggy night in December, Arun and Seema, both unknown to each other, boarded a train for Lucknow at the Delhi junction. Both were going to their home town on the weekend. It was supposed to be a routine train journey of 7-8 hours. Arun, a first-year graduate from a reputed institute in Delhi, aspires to join DRDO and make a career in the R&D field. Seema, a national-level volleyball player, had dreams of joining the paramilitary forces. Both checked their tickets and got comfortable in their respective seats in the coach S7.\nThe train gave the final horn and slowly started leaving the station. Amidst the chugging of the engine and the train wheels clacking on the tracks, both Arun and Seema fall asleep. But as fate would have it that night, a routine train journey turned out to be a nightmare for the passengers of coach S7, including Arun and Seema. The train was on its scheduled two-minute halt at an outskirt station when suddenly 4-5 robbers entered the coach S7. They asked all the passengers to hand over their valuables without any fuss. None of the passengers could gather the courage to confront them, as they had country-made pistols and sharp-edged weapons. But somehow, Arun and Seema mustered the courage and resisted the robbers. The robbers threatened them with dire consequences and asked them to comply with their command. But both remained adamant and even refused to hand over their valuables to the robbers. To teach them a lesson and set an example for the other passengers, both Arun and Seema were thrown out of the moving train. At that very moment, another train was approaching on the parallel track, and both were hit by it; Arun lost his right arm, Seema lost her left leg, and she had multiple fractures in the spinal cord.\nBoth met somewhat similar fates that night, but both faced the 'tragedy' that unfolded with them in a completely different manner. In spite of full support from his family, Arun lost all hope and got disenchanted with life. He couldn't accept the new reality and went into depression. Also, the thoughts of committing suicide would often come into his mind. Seema, on the other hand, after completing her treatment, decided to pursue her dreams. She was also encouraged by his family and friends to start a new life. She started training with a prosthetic leg and resumed playing volleyball. Not only this, she decided to push boundaries and chose mountaineering. And around two years later, she became the world's first female amputee to scale Mount Everest.\nThe stories of Arun and Seema highlight the importance of the adversity quotient. But it is also evident that different people possess different levels of adversity quotient. Based on your understanding of the above case study, answer the following:\na) Examine the importance of the adversity quotient in life, citing examples. How can the adversity quotient be developed?\nb) As a friend of Arun, what suggestions would you give to him to overcome the aftermath of the tragedy?","20","250"],[54,"a) उदाहरण देते हुए जीवन में प्रतिकूलता के महत्व की परिभाषा कीजिए। एडवर्सिटी कोषंट (AQ) को कैसे विकसित किया जा सकता है?\nb) अरुण के मित्र के रूप में, आप उसे संकट के बाद के परिणामों से उबरने के लिए क्या सुझाव देंगे?\na) उदाहरण देते हुए जीवन में प्रतिकूलता के महत्व की परिभाषा कीजिए। एडवर्सिटी कोषंट (AQ) को कैसे विकसित किया जा सकता है?\nb) अरुण के मित्र के रूप में, आप उसे संकट के बाद के परिणामों से उबरने के लिए क्या सुझाव देंगे?","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[59,"Q.12 Nestled in the lap of the Himalayas, Purabkashi is a town located on the way to major pilgrimage destinations. The town is traversed by a section of the Panch-Dham Road Project, whose objective is to improve connectivity to the five major pilgrimage centers in the region. The project aims to develop and widen nearly 900 km of national highways in the Himalayas, making journeys to these centers safer, faster, and more convenient. The project is being constructed at a very high cost and is expected to boost tourism in the region and reduce road accidents occurring in the hilly region. The project is also important from a security point of view, as these roads can act as strategic feeder roads that connect the border with the Army camps in the nearby areas. The roads may facilitate quicker movement of troops and supplies and can serve as a strategic asset in connecting the border regions. However, from the conception stage of the project itself, various NGOs have raised several fault lines regarding its environmental sustainability. It has been noted that the project may destroy about 690 hectares of forests, and an estimated 20 million cubic meters of soil need to be removed. Experts raise concern that such a high-impact activity may aggravate erosion and destabilize the slopes. Large-scale uprooting of vegetation can prove to be perilous for biodiversity and regional ecology. Indiscriminate blasting during road construction creates cracks in soil and rocks that may enhance the possibility of landslides and associated disasters in the future. In 2018, the project was challenged in the Supreme Court by an NGO for its potential impact on the Himalayan ecology due to felling trees, cutting hills, and dumping excavated material. The Supreme Court then constituted a high-powered committee that warned against widening the road by 12 meters. It had suggested that the widening stay between 5.5 and 7 meters. However, this recommendation by independent experts was opposed by government officials and ultimately sidelined. The worst fears of the local and scientific communities came true when about 40 workers got trapped inside a tunnel after the under-construction tunnel structure collapsed in Purabkashi. Overnight, Purabkashi became the talk of the country. The project was awarded to the contractor, PQR Enterprises. Mr. Vinay Kumar, who has experience completing many such projects in the past, was appointed as Project Director, overseeing the smooth completion of the project and monitoring the contractor's work. Mr. Vinay is known for his honesty and dedication. Prior to the mishap, he had successfully overseen this project to meet its timeline. But after the mishap, the higher authorities are privately requesting the project director, Mr. Vinay, to take responsibility for the mishap. To manage the growing resentment in the locality and nationwide, he is being asked to step down as project director. But Mr. Vinay feels that he is being unfairly blamed. To alleviate the pressure from the public, he is being scapegoated. The project had issues right from the conception stage, given the ecological fragility of the region. Various ecological experts and geological scientists think that the incident has exposed not only the project's vulnerabilities but also the lapses in the safe tunnel construction mechanisms carried out, like the failure to construct an escape tunnel. Several experts have pointed out this incident as a warning for future disasters, as now questions have been raised about the fragility of the Himalayas in sustaining massive infrastructure projects like the Panch-Dham project. The government, despite many voices against the project, is treating the incident as an isolated incident and moving on with the further construction of the project. There is a protest happening in the state with a demand by the people to consider the project's environmental consequences and also the operations of the contractor, PQR Enterprises, in the particular project.\na) What are the various ethical issues involved in the above case study?\nb) As the head of the Panch-Dham Project, what are the options available to Mr. Vinay? Analyze the advantages and disadvantages of each.\nc) In your opinion, between the twin objectives of development and conservation, what should be given more priority and why?","20 marks, 250","20"],[61,"a) उपरोक्त केस अध्ययन में शामिल विभिन्न नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं?\nb) पंच-धाम परियोजना के प्रमुख के रूप में, श्री विनय के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं? प्रत्येक के फायदे और नुकसान का विश्लेषण कीजिए\nc) आपकी राय में, विकास और संरक्षण के दोहरे उद्देश्यों के बीच, किसे अधिक प्राथमिकता दी जानी चाहिए और क्यों? (20 अंक, 250 शब्द)","20 अंक","250"]]},{"i":520,"t":"Monika","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2025,"r":16,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/MONIKA-SRIVASTAVA-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-16-Sample-AWFG-Copy-3.pdf","q":[[2,"Q.1) Examine the socio-cultural factors restricting women's access to public spaces in Indian cities.","10","150"],[3,"Q.6 Analyze the underlying causes of migration in India. Discuss the resulting impact of migration on both rural and urban societies.","15","250"],[4,"1 Examine socio-cultural factors restricting women's access to public spaces in Indian cities","",""],[6,"2. How Globalisation impacts elderly population in India, highlighting associated opportunities and challenges.","",""],[8,"Q3. Significance of population education in highlighting India's status as world's most populous nation","",""],[10,"40 How does assertion of linguistic identity impact model concept of national identity? Explain using suitable examples.","",""],[12,"6 Identify major shifts in Institution of marriage over past few decades. Analyse factors that drove these gradual transformations","",""],[14,"Q6 Analyse underlying causes of migration in India. Discuss resulting impact of migration on both rural and urban households","",""],[17,"Q7 While secularism is part of Basic Structure of constitution, it needs to part of Basic Structure of society. Comment on various challenges","",""]]},{"i":521,"t":"Monika","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/7bb05-115128_2078_monika_srivastava_rank_16.pdf","q":[[3,"1. (a) Leaders with fortitude are known by everyone and they are the people to turn to when crisis arises. Discuss.","10","150"],[5,"1. (b) In the wake of changing social landscape in the country, value education is as important as technical education for the youth to become not only skilled but also morally strong professionals. Discuss. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[7,"2. (a) While impartiality has been identified as one of the key ethical values for public service, it should not be seen as precluding compassion in public services. Discuss.","10","150"],[9,"2. (b) The power, which administrators wield, can bring the nation great dividends if rightly used, but can bring harm and disrepute if abused, Elaborate.","10","150"],[11,"3. (a) Analyse the ethical implications of commercial space exploration, especially with the entry of private sector in recent times.","10","150"],[13,"3. (b) While Artificial Intelligence (AI) has the potential to radically transform and disrupt our world, the right ethical choices can make AI a force of good for humanity. Discuss with examples. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[15,"4. What do you understand by the term 'social accountability'? Explain its significance and discuss critical factors responsible for the success of any social accountability initiative.","10","150"],[17,"4 (b) Corruption is a challenge to democracy and citizens' estimations of corruption are one of the main criteria for its wideness and harmfulness. Discuss.","10","150"],[19,"5. (a) Work from home culture has led to many ethical concerns in private organizations. In light of this, do you think it is ethical for an employee to practice moonlighting? Discuss.","10","150"],[21,"5. (b) Do you agree with the view that environmental, social, and governance (ESG) considerations for a corporation create immense value for the business? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[23,"6 (a) While there are multiple institutions to ensure fairness in international relations, states often put aside moral values and the directions of these institutions for their own interests. Discuss with examples.","10","150"],[25,"6. (b) Discuss the various ethical issues that can arise when a foreign-funded research project conducts medical research in developing countries.","10","150"],[27,"6. (c) Discuss the important teachings of Guru Nanak Dev relevant to the youth of today.","10","150"],[29,"7 In the following questions, carefully study the cases presented and then answer the questions that follow (in around 250 words):\n(a) Mention the stakeholders and ethical issues surrounding the recent mass layoffs in new age startups.\n(b) Identify the reasons behind such irresponsible conduct by higher management, particularly in startups in India.\n(c) Suggest some measures to tackle the aforementioned problems. (Answer in 250 words)","","around 250"],[34,"8 In this context, answer the following the questions:\n(a) Do you think the act of the officer was justified? Should there be an overlap between personal and professional duties of a civil servant?\n(b) Does the work culture in India hinder working mothers from fulfilling their dual role? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[39,"9 In the given circumstances, address the following:\n(a) Identify the main stakeholders involved in this case.\n(b) Highlight the issues related to integrity and ethics in the case above.\n(c) What are the various options available to Meera? Which option should she choose and why? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[44,"10 You have recently joined as a Regional Sales Manager of a pharmaceutical company and have been given a sales target for the year, which is unusually high as per your assessment. On surveying the market, however, you have observed that the competitors are achieving such targets. On a deeper analysis, you come across unethical practices of giving gifts, payments and hospitality benefits to doctors by their medical representatives. This is prohibited by the Uniform Code of Pharmaceuticals Marketing Practices. You contacted the National Sales Manager in this regard but he hinted at achieving the released targets at whatever cost. You directed the Area Sales Managers to meet their respective targets while not engaging in the practice of unethical incentives to the doctors. They have communicated their concerns regarding their inability to meet the targets without provision of these perks and benefits.\n(a) What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by you in this context?\n(b) Discuss the merits and demerits of the options available to you? Which of these will you choose and why?\n(c) What are the ethical alternatives available to the pharmaceutical sector to market their products? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[49,"11 In this context, answer the following questions.\n(a) What are the ethical issues associated with the excessive use of social media by civil servants?\n(b) How can social media be effectively utilized by public officials? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[54,"12 You are the Managing Director of a successful marketing company in India that has several high profile national and international clients. The company makes every effort to hire people from all social and religious backgrounds in order to promote diversity. One day, an employee Miss 'A' who was recently hired informs you that she often feels discriminated in the company due to the fact that she is a transgender woman. She points out that senior male employees are uncomfortable in her presence. Further, other employees want to discuss her personal life when she has no intention of doing so. She also states that she has been excluded from some departmental meetings without being given a valid reason. Due to these instances, she feels harassed and wants you to either correct the situation immediately or accept her resignation. If she resigns and the information becomes public, the image of the company will be maligned. However, you know it is difficult to bring about an immediate change in the attitude of your employees, especially senior members, as such changes require time.\n(a) Highlight the ethical issues in this situation.\n(b) As a Managing Director, what are the options available to you?\n(c) Evaluate each of these options and choose the option which you would adopt, giving reasons. (Answer in 250 words)","","250"]]},{"i":524,"t":"Monika Srivastava","c":"Forumias","p":"Essay","y":2025,"r":16,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/MONIKA-SRIVASTAVA-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-16-Sample-MGP-Copy-2.pdf","q":[[2,"1. A nation of sheep will beget a government of wolves.\n2. The best way to predict the future is to create it.\n3. Be not afraid of growing slowly, be afraid only of standing still.\n4. The imagination is not a state; it is the human existence itself.","",""],[10,"WHY THE FEAR OF MOVING?","",""],[12,"a Given the critically of having a Growth Mindset and Acting over Reacting, how do we make sure that we are battling the fear and growing out of shackles?","",""],[22,"DO WE NOT FEAR ANYTHING, THEN?","",""]]},{"i":523,"t":"Monika Srivastava","c":"Forumias","p":"GS1","y":2025,"r":16,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/MONIKA-SRIVASTAVA-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-16-Sample-MGP-Copy-2-2.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) What factors contributed to the rise of powerful kingdoms, including Magadha and the Mauryan Empire, in the region of present-day Bihar during ancient times?","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) How did British colonial policies impact the traditional agrarian economy and lead to widespread peasant resistance in the country?","10","150"],[7,"Q.3 To what extent, in your opinion, has the formation of linguistic states strengthened the cause of Indian unity?","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) Describe the meridional circulation of the atmosphere and highlight its significance for the world climate.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) What is sea surface temperature rise? Explain the hazards associated with rise of sea-surface temperatures.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) The peninsular location of India provides opportunities for harnessing non-conventional energy resources. Discuss with examples.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) What accounts for the relatively more favorable sex ratio for women among Scheduled Tribes compared to Scheduled Castes?","10","150"],[16,"1 Impact of mainland practices on scheduled castes as Isolation and lesser influence on ST\n2 Concept of 'Stridhana' since Gupta Times\n3 Historical Reasons for lack of property rights among women, lesser political participation\n4 Decline in women status from early vedic to later vedic","",""],[17,"Q.8) Discuss the positive and negative effects of globalization on youth in the country.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9 “Air pollution is as much an issue of equity and justice as it is an environmental one.” Elaborate with examples.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10) How is poverty intertwined with the structure of society? Explain this relationship with examples from Indian society.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11 Dravidian temple architecture that came of age during the rule of the Pallavas, reached its zenith at the time of the imperial Cholas. Elaborate with suitable examples.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12) Discuss the causes behind the Russian Revolutions of 1917. Why is the second revolution considered more significant than the first?","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 \"New imperialism was a nationalistic, not an economic phenomenon.\" Critically examine.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 Discuss the role of the press in spreading nationalist ideas and sentiments during the freedom struggle. What challenges did the press, particularly the vernacular press, face during this period?","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 Despite sharing a similar latitude, why does the Mediterranean climate vary from the China-type climate? How do the differences in climate affect life and economic activities in the region?","15","250"],[38,"Q.16) Often called 'white gold,' lithium has emerged as a priority metal in achieving the global energy transition. Explain. Also, outline the distribution of lithium in India and the world, and discuss the implications of its uneven availability globally.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 Incidence of extreme rainfall events and flash floods in recent times has led to devastating consequences for major cities of India. Analyse.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 What do you understand by the term 'demographic dividend'? Highlighting the challenges the country faces in realizing the potential of its favourable demography, suggest corrective measures.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 \"A seemingly casteless upper caste and an apparently caste-defined lower caste is one of the central aspects of the institution of caste in contemporary times\". Examine.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20) Explain how India's contemporary gender rights discourse maintains continuity with 19th-century social reform efforts while also expanding to address new challenges.","15","250"]]},{"i":527,"t":"Monika Srivastava","c":"Vision","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/9432b-115128_4511_monika_srivastava_rank_16.pdf","q":[[6,"1. How does the Supreme Court’s recent decision on Aligarh Muslim University’s minority status affect the interpretation of Article 30 of the Indian Constitution? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[8,"2. The Supreme Court, in a recent verdict, prescribed a time period for the Governor's assent to state legislative bills. What are the implications of this judgment for cooperative federalism and legislative accountability in India?","10","150"],[10,"3. Discuss the recent changes and initiatives related to cooperatives that aim to smoothen the tussle between the Centre and States in the cooperative sector. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[12,"4. In recent years, use of social media and digital mobilisation by civil society has emerged as a powerful form of pressure politics. Examine its impact on policymaking and democratic accountability.","10","150"],[14,"5. How is Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) emerging as a business-led solution for addressing development challenges in India? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"6. Discuss how mechanisms like public consultations and Jan Sunwais in India impact governance outcomes. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[18,"7. How effective have the National Action Plan for Drug Demand Reduction (NAPDDR) and Nasha Mukt Bharat Abhiyaan been in addressing substance abuse in India? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[20,"8. Rote learning and neglect of creativity in foundational education setup in India make it less ready for marketplaces that are now driven by Artificial Intelligence. Do you agree with this view? Substantiate your argument.","10","150"],[22,"9. Analyze the transformation of the G7 from a symbol of Western strategic unity to a forum marked by internal contradictions. How should India navigate this changing dynamic to advance its strategic interests? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[24,"10. Discuss the role of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in the development of developing countries. What are the key criticisms associated with its approach? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[26,"11. The 103rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 2019 has introduced a new dimension to the principle of affirmative action in India. Critically examine its implications for the broader goal of social justice.","15","250"],[29,"12. The District Planning Committee (DPC) was envisioned as a key instrument to strengthen grassroots-level planning. How far has it succeeded in achieving this goal? Discuss the challenges faced by DPCs and suggest measures to make them more effective.","15","250"],[32,"13. The restrictions imposed under Article 293 of the Constitution on State borrowing powers, though constitutionally valid, may hinder fiscal autonomy of States and disrupt cooperative federalism. Discuss in the light of recent developments.","15","250"],[35,"14. Examine the tension between the right to contest elections and the need to uphold electoral ethics under the Representation of the People Act. Should there be a lifetime ban on convicted criminals? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[38,"15. To what extent has the Beti Bachao Beti Padhao (BBBP) scheme, launched in 2015, succeeded in addressing the declining child sex ratio and empowering the girl child? Suggest measures to enhance its impact at the grassroots level.","15","250"],[41,"16. Self-Help Groups (SHGs) are emerging as vehicles of socio-economic transformation in rural India. Examine the role of government in scaling their reach and effectiveness.","15","Answer in 250"],[44,"17. Despite economic growth, multidimensional poverty continues to persist in India. Analyse the underlying causes and discuss the measures taken by the government to address them. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[47,"18. India faces a paradox of food surplus and nutritional deficit. Analyse the structural reasons behind this paradox and suggest reform strategies.","15","250"],[50,"19. India's timely response during the economic crises in Sri Lanka and the Maldives reflects its \"Neighbourhood First\" policy in action. Examine how Indian aid has impacted bilateral ties with these nations. What steps can further be taken to promote sustainable economic cooperation in the Indian Ocean region?","15","250"],[53,"20. Discuss the geostrategic significance of Afghanistan for India in the context of continental connectivity and access to Central Asia. How has the altered political landscape post-2021 affected India's connectivity and energy corridor ambitions? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"]]},{"i":525,"t":"Monika Srivastava","c":"Forumias","p":"GS3","y":2025,"r":16,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/MONIKA-SRIVASTAVA-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-16-Sample-MGP-Copy-3.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1 While the Employment Linked Incentive (ELI) scheme and the Production Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme are both designed to boost economic growth, they employ different approaches and focus on distinct outcomes. Elaborate.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) What do you understand by 'Reverse Brain Drain'? Identify the key drivers of the rising trend of this phenomenon in the country.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) The Dedicated Freight Corridor (DFC) not only enhances logistics efficiency but also represents a pivotal milestone in the country's infrastructure development and economic growth. In this context, describe the significance of the Dedicated Freight Corridor.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) Define precision agriculture. How can it help in optimizing crop production and resource management?","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) Why has rice not seen similar innovation in processed food products compared to wheat, despite being a staple in many regions of the country?","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) Explain the working principle of the pumped storage hydropower system. What are the key advantages it offers compared to other power storage technologies?","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) Describe the major outcomes of the 29th session of the Conference of Parties (COP) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) How can emerging solar technologies address the twin challenges of resource scarcity and environmental degradation? Illustrate your answer with recent innovations in the field.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9) What is 'research security'? What are the key hurdles in ensuring research security in India?","10","150"],[21,"Q.10 The Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act, 1958 (AFSPA) is necessary for maintaining peace and stability in the 'disturbed areas'. Critically examine.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11) How has inadequate progress on factor market reforms impacted India's double-digit growth aspirations? What measures has the government taken in this regard?","15","250"],[26,"Q.12) What are the factors responsible for the recent depreciation of the Indian Rupee? Discuss its implications for the economy and suggest policy measures to stabilize the currency.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 While Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs) can resolve the issues of small farmers and boost agrarian economy, the realization of their potential is hindered by a multitude of factors. Analyze.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14) Discuss the significance of aquaculture towards nutrition security, livelihood generation, and economic growth. Also mention various initiatives taken by the government to promote sustainable aquaculture in the country.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 What is gene therapy? What makes it a better treatment option than the conventional approaches?","15","250"],[38,"Q.16) Why are countries keen on developing their own space stations? What obstacles do they face in the process, and how can these be overcome?","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 Climate change is causing profound alterations in ecosystems, triggering cascading impacts on biodiversity, ecosystem services, and human livelihoods, which demands integrated approaches to conservation and climate adaptation. Analyse.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 Often referred to as the 'cradle of civilization' and 'growth engines', urban areas are increasingly experiencing various natural and man-made disasters. Discuss in the Indian context. Also, suggest suitable mitigation and management strategies.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 How does India's geographical location heighten its vulnerability to drug trafficking? Also, analyze various internal security risks linked to drug trafficking.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 The increasing frequency and sophistication of cyberattacks pose a significant threat to national security. Discuss the major challenges in ensuring cybersecurity in the country and enumerate the measures taken by the government in this regard.","15","250"]]},{"i":528,"t":"Monika Srivastava","c":"Vision","p":"GS3","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/a40b4-115128_4512_monika_srivastava_rank_16.pdf","q":[[6,"1. Analyse the factors that have contributed to India's inclusive economic growth in the past decade. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[8,"2. The Reserve Bank of India’s surplus transfers offer the government much-needed fiscal space, yet they are not without challenges. Critically examine the implications of the RBI's surplus transfers to the government.","10","150"],[10,"3. To what extent was the first National Monetization Pipeline (NMP) able to meet its objectives? What are the objectives of the new Asset Monetization Plan 2025–30 as announced in the recent 2025 Budget? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[12,"4. Examine the major challenges hindering the Indian textile industry from achieving its full potential in the global value chain.","10","150"],[14,"5. Why has India become increasingly import-dependent for edible oils despite being a major agricultural economy?","10","Answer in 150"],[16,"6. Air accidents are low-frequency but high-impact events. Examine the disaster management protocols in place for aviation-related emergencies in India. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[18,"7. Chemical pollution poses a grave threat to human health and the environment in India. Discuss the key sources contributing to pervasive chemical contamination and evaluate the effectiveness of existing environmental laws in curbing this problem.","10","150"],[20,"8. Missile defence systems are becoming critical for national security in the face of evolving regional threats and advanced weapon technologies. Explain the working principle of missile defence systems. Critically assess India's progress in developing indigenous missile defence capabilities.","10","Answer in 150"],[22,"9. Despite multiple resolutions and initiatives undertaken by the United Nations Security Council (UNSC), its efforts to counter terrorism have achieved limited success. Discuss the reasons for this limited effectiveness.","10","150"],[24,"10. India practices a ‘multi-alignment’ approach in its cyber diplomacy. How does this posture strengthen India’s internal security while maintaining strategic autonomy? (Answer in 150 words)","","150"],[26,"11. While examining the shortcomings of the land reforms in the past, elaborate what land reforms 2.0 should look like. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[29,"12 As NITI Aayog completes 10 years of its establishment, critically examine its role in the planning and development paradigm of governance in India. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[32,"13. What are the primary causes of limited formal credit penetration among the rural and unbanked populations in India? Comment on the effectiveness of Small Finance Banks in addressing this gap and advancing inclusive financial growth.","","250"],[35,"14. To what extent has the Production Linked Incentive Scheme for the food processing industry facilitated value addition, employment generation, and global competitiveness in India's food processing industry? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[38,"15. Waste circularity is emerging as a sustainable solution to India's mounting solid waste crisis. Discuss the key principles of waste circularity and the government's initiative in this regard. How effective have these measures been in fostering a circular economy? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[41,"16. Discuss the importance of integrating traditional ecological knowledge of India's tribal communities with modern disaster management frameworks. Mention two examples where indigenous practices have contributed to disaster resilience.","15","250"],[44,"17. CRISPR technology has rapidly advanced in recent years, with new tools and clinical breakthroughs. Highlight the recent developments in CRISPR-based gene editing technology applications. Discuss the opportunities and ethical challenges these advancements present for healthcare and society.","","250"],[47,"18. A credible semiconductor ecosystem is pivotal for India's economic security as much as for national security. Analyse the strategic objectives, incentives, and institutional architecture of the India Semiconductor Mission (ISM). Identify the major risks that could derail its timelines.","15","250"],[50,"19. Intricate inter-play of diverse factors has been the force multipliers for extremism in the North East. Discuss. Suggest a multilayered strategy to tackle the menace of extremism in this region.","15","250"],[53,"20. Despite recent steps towards inducting women into combat roles, their participation remains low. Examine the key challenges impeding the greater inclusion of women in the Indian armed forces. Also, suggest suitable measures to enhance their participation.","15","250"]]},{"i":522,"t":"Monika Srivastava","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":2025,"r":16,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/MONIKA-SRIVASTAVA-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-16-Sample-MGP-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) How has the evolution of data-driven targeting from service personalization to behavioral prediction created new ethical challenges for society? Discuss with examples.","10","150"],[5,"b) Even with legal safeguards in place, instances of sexual violence against women persist. How can a \"change in attitude\" help address this issue?","10","150"],[7,"Q.2) a) What is meant by 'parliamentary ethics'? Discuss its significance in maintaining democratic values in the context of recent developments in Indian politics.","10","150"],[9,"b) A \"non-absolutist approach\" has been a defining feature of ethical considerations in Indian society and its philosophical traditions. Do you agree? Justify your answer.","10","150"],[11,"Q.3) Given below are three quotations of great thinkers. What do each of these quotations convey to you in the present context?\na) \"You may never know what results come from your action. But if you do nothing, there will be no result\" Mahatma Gandhi","10","150"],[13,"b) \"Our lives begin to end the day we become silent about things that matter.\" Martin Luther King Jr.","10","150"],[15,"c) \"Experience is the only teacher we have. We may talk and reason all our lives, but we shall not understand a word of truth, until we experience it ourselves\". Swami Vivekananda","10","150"],[17,"Q.4) a) The interplay between laws and conscience is subtle; their synergy encourages ethical conduct, while dissonance can give rise to significant ethical dilemmas. Illustrate with examples.","10","150"],[19,"b) \"In post-conflict rehabilitation, the pursuit of justice must be balanced with the need for reconciliation.\" Examine this statement in the context of addressing ethnic violence.","10","150"],[21,"Q.5) a) What do you understand by the term \"Conflict of Interest\"? How does it manifest in the decision making by public servants? In what ways can it be minimized?","10","150"],[23,"b) The utilitarian principle of 'the greatest happiness of the greatest number' should guide decision-making and public policy formulation. What is your opinion in this regard? Discuss.","10","150"],[25,"Q.6) a) The risks to civilian aviation in conflict zones underscore the need for an ethical framework prioritizing human lives. Yet, the interplay of state interests and sovereignty complicates global responses. What ethical principles should guide nations in addressing aviation safety, and how can the international community address these risks?","10","150"],[27,"b) \"Knowing yourself is the beginning of all wisdom.\" Bring out the importance of emotional intelligence (EI) in self-realisation. How can it be developed?","10","150"],[29,"Q.7) Prateek Kumar, the Project Manager, is in charge of the construction of a highly anticipated highway that is expected to drive regional development. The project aims to enhance connectivity, boost trade, and create substantial employment opportunities. Given its importance, it has become a focal point for the ruling party, which is actively promoting it as a symbol of progress ahead of the upcoming state elections next year. The timely completion of the highway is crucial, as the Chief Minister is scheduled to inaugurate it upon completion. This has led to added pressure on Prateek and his team to meet the approaching deadline, which is set for next month.\nDuring a routine inspection, Prateek discovers that a particular stretch of the highway has been built with substandard materials. This section fails to meet the required safety and durability standards, posing a serious threat to public safety and lives. If left unresolved, the compromised quality could lead to accidents, undermining both the project's credibility and the government's promises for safe and reliable infrastructure. Concerned, Prateek raises the issue with the contractor, but the contractor downplays the severity, claiming that minor adjustments will fix the problem without causing major delays.\nIn a subsequent team meeting, some senior members suggest that Prateek overlook the quality concerns to ensure the project remains on schedule. They argue that the majority of the highway meets standards and emphasize the severe economic and political consequences of delays. With elections approaching, they stress the importance of the Chief Minister's inauguration as a key political event. They warn that any delay could damage the ruling party's image, harm its electoral prospects, and potentially have repercussions for the team and the organization.\nLater, the contractor privately approaches Prateek with a substantial bribe, urging him to ignore the issue and allow the project to proceed. The contractor justifies his actions by citing financial pressures and the need to complete the project on time. Prateek is an honest and upright officer, but he understands that addressing the problem would delay the project, making it impossible to meet the deadline.\na. Discuss the ethical issues involved in the case.\nb. Under the given conditions, what are the options available to Prateek as the Project Manager? Critically evaluate each of the options.\nc. What option should Prateek adopt and why?","20","20"],[30,"a. मामले में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा करें।\nb. दी गई परिस्थितियों में, प्रोजेक्ट मैनेजर के रूप में प्रतीक के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं? प्रत्येक विकल्प का आलोचनात्मक मूल्यांकन करें।\nc. प्रतीक को कौन सा विकल्प अपनाना चाहिए और क्यों?","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[35,"Q.8 Ramesh is a ninth-class student of Shiksha Public School from a lower-middle-class family in a tier-3 city. He had a deep interest in creative arts like music and dance and had always excelled in them. Teachers and friends often praised his talent, and Ramesh dreamed of pursuing a career in performing arts. However, his parents envisioned a different path for him, which was becoming an engineer. Coming from modest backgrounds and facing financial difficulties, Ramesh's parents were banking on his engineering career to secure a stable and prosperous future.\nWhen Ramesh shared his dream with his parents, they strongly opposed it, as expected. His father dismissed his passion as unrealistic and said music and dance were not respectable professions. He also compared Ramesh to his cousin Mahesh, who had secured a high-paying job after graduating from a top engineering college. Ramesh felt pressured and reluctantly agreed to pursue science in school. After completing his board exams, his parents sent him to Kotanagar, a coaching hub known for engineering entrance exam preparation.\nTo finance Ramesh's coaching fees, his parents mortgaged their only ancestral property, emphasizing the importance of Ramesh's success in the upcoming engineering entrance exams. Ramesh, torn between his dreams and his family's expectations, resolved to work hard. However, the demanding coaching schedule, coupled with his lack of interest in the subjects, began to take a toll on his mental health.\nFar from home, Ramesh felt isolated and depressed. He missed his friends, school environment, and the hobbies that once brought him joy. The pressure to perform was immense, with his mock test results consistently falling short of expectations. Over time, he began withdrawing from others, even avoiding phone calls with his parents.\nAfter two years of grueling preparation, Ramesh appeared for the entrance exam under the weight of crushing expectations. When the results were declared, he was unable to secure admission to a prestigious engineering college. The disappointment in his parents' voices further deepened his guilt and sense of failure. Feeling like a burden and unable to bear the weight of unmet expectations, Ramesh took a drastic step and ended his life by jumping from his hostel building.\nIn his final note, Ramesh apologized to his parents for failing to meet their aspirations and expressed his regret for letting them down.\na. Based on the above case study, discuss the ethical issues with the education system.\nb. What are the qualities lacked by Ramesh's parents?\nc. What qualities in a person can prevent them from taking the extreme step of suicide?","20","250"],[36,"a. उपरोक्त केस स्टडी के आधार पर शिक्षा प्रणाली से जुड़े नैतिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा करें।\nb. रमेश के माता-पिता में कौन से गुणों का अभाव है?\nc. किसी व्यक्ति के कौन से गुण उसे आत्महत्या जैसा चरम कदम उठाने से रोक सकते हैं?\na उपरोक्त केस स्टडी के आधार पर शिक्षा प्रणाली से जुड़े नैतिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा करें।\nb रमेश के माता-पिता में कौन से गुणों का अभाव है?\nc किसी व्यक्ति के कौन से गुण उसे आत्महत्या जैसा चरम कदम उठाने से रोक सकते हैं?","20 अंक","250 शब्द"],[41,"Q.9) Inside a busy city administration office, Joint Municipal Commissioner Keerthi, who also serves as the Public Information Officer (PIO), faces a challenging situation. Recently, an RTI application has been received, demanding details about public infrastructure projects initiated during her tenure. Upon reviewing the requested information, Keerthi discovers that certain decisions made regarding these projects were not entirely sound in hindsight. These decisions, although taken in good faith and after due diligence, failed to realize promised outcomes. There were other employees also who were party to this decision. The disclosure of this information could potentially lead to scrutiny and backlash against herself, the employees, and contractors involved. Known for her integrity and commitment to public service, Keerthi finds herself at a crossroads. The RTI Act has served as a critical check against administrative arbitrariness, ensuring transparency and accountability. However, she also observes a troubling trend. RTI applications are often used by vested interests and activists seeking personal gain rather than genuine public interest. Some activists even resort to threats or extortion tactics, undermining the integrity of the RTI process. She fears the requested RTI information could be similarly exploited. Moreover, the employees involved are requesting her to withhold the information. In navigating this situation, Keerthi weighs her options carefully.\na. Critically examine the options available to Keerthi in the above situation.\nb. Which of the above would be the most appropriate for Keerthi and why?","20","250"],[46,"Q.10) Littering at popular tourist destinations has become a significant environmental and ethical concern in India. A recent incident highlighted this issue when tourists were observed throwing tissue papers and a cake box on the road after celebrating a birthday. When a local politely requested them to use a nearby dustbin just 5 feet away, the tourists dismissed the appeal, claiming no dustbin was available. The situation escalated when their driver threw a plastic bag into the adjacent valley. Public reactions to the incident were divided. Some individuals commended the intervention as an effort to promote civic responsibility, emphasizing the need to protect fragile ecosystems like hill stations. Many argued that tourists must adhere to basic environmental ethics and that public spaces are a shared responsibility. Critics also highlighted the broader implications of such irresponsible behavior on the environment and local livelihoods. On the other hand, the tourists involved accused those intervening of interfering in their personal affairs, claiming their privacy was being violated. The argument that the tourists were being publicly shamed through the viral video added another layer to the ethical debate. Many questioned whether posting such incidents online, even for a social cause, was appropriate or necessary. The debate continues, with one side emphasizing the collective responsibility to preserve public spaces and the environment, while the other raises concerns about individual privacy and autonomy.\na. What are the ethical concerns associated with tourists littering at public destinations?\nb. How can ethical tourism practices be integrated into policies to address issues like littering at tourist destinations?\nc. Suggest a course of action that balances environmental responsibility and individual rights. Justify your answer.","20","250"],[51,"Q.11) With multipronged strategy of the Central and State Governments, especially in the last few years, the Naxalite problem has been resolved to a large extent in the affected states of the country. However, there are a few pockets in certain states where the naxalite problem still persists, mainly due to the involvement of foreign countries. Rohit is posted as SP (Special Operations) for the last one year, in one of the districts which is still affected by the naxalite problem. The district administration has taken a lot of developmental works in the recent past in the naxalite-affected areas to win the hearts and minds of the people. Over a period of time, Rohit has established an excellent intelligence network to get real-time information regarding the movement of naxalite cadre. To instill confidence in the public and have moral ascendancy over the naxalites, a number of cordon and search operations are being conducted by the police. Rohit, who himself was leading one of the contingents, got a message through his intelligence source that about ten hardcore naxalites were hiding in a particular village with sophisticated weapons. Without wasting any time, Rohit reached the target village with his team and laid out a foolproof cordon and started carrying out a systematic search. During the search, his team managed to overpower all the naxalites along with their automatic weapons. However, in the meantime, more than a hundred tribal women surrounded the village and started marching towards the target house. They were shouting and demanding the immediate release of insurgents since they are their protectors and saviors. The situation on the ground was becoming very critical as the tribal women were extremely agitated and aggressive. Rohit tried to contact his superior officer (IG Special Operations) of the state on the radio set and on mobile phone, but failed to do so due to poor connectivity. Rohit was in great dilemma since out of the naxalites apprehended, two were not only hardcore top insurgents with prize money of ₹10 lakhs on their heads, but were also involved in a recent ambush on the security forces. However, if he did not release the naxalites, the situation could get out of control since the tribal women were aggressively charging towards them. In that case, to control the situation, Rohit might have to resort to firing, which may lead to valuable loss of lives of civilians and would further complicate the situation.\na. What are the options available with Rohit to cope with the situation?\nb. What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by Rohit?\nc. Which of the options, do you think, would be more appropriate for Rohit to adopt and why?\nd. In the present situation, what are the extra precautionary measures to be taken by the police in dealing with women protesters?","20","20"],[56,"Q.12) In the lush green expanse of the Eastern Ghats, a significant change is underway. The state government has announced a new infrastructure project—a highway connecting City A and City B. This project, envisioned as a catalyst for economic growth and enhanced connectivity, also promises to attract significant investments, including from a major semiconductor company. The semiconductor company is important for strategic purposes, given the growing importance of semiconductors in defense, space, and communications sectors. However, the proposed highway passes through a densely forested tribal area, home to an indigenous community deeply connected to the land. The local tribal community, reliant on the forest for their livelihood and cultural practices, is alarmed by the prospect of displacement and the extensive forest clearance required by the project. The forest is not just their home but a crucial part of their identity and source of livelihood. It is where their ancestors are buried, where they grow medicinal plants, and where their children play. The community's leaders, including Meera, a respected elder, are determined to protect their land. They fear losing their ancestral lands and the destruction of their way of life. Determined to make their voices heard, the community organizes a protest march to the office of the District Magistrate and seeks time to meet the DM. The DM, Vikash known for his fair and balanced approach, listens intently as Meera and other leaders explain their fears. They asserted their legally protected right to manage and protect the forest. Meanwhile, in the corporate offices of M&T Infrastructure Ltd., CEO Sunil is grappling with the growing unrest. The company has been contracted to build the highway, but the resistance from the tribal community poses a significant challenge. Delays could lead to escalating costs and potential project failure. Sunil decides to seek a meeting with Saritha, the Chief Secretary of State, to discuss the situation. Saritha, overseeing the project from the state secretariat, is aware of the delicate balance needed. The project is crucial for the state's development and aligns with the policy of promoting ease of doing business. Moreover, the potential investment from the semiconductor company is strategically important for both the state and the nation. Any delay or hindrance could tarnish the state's reputation and dissuade future investments. When Sunil meets Saritha, he lays out his concerns. \"Madam Secretary, the protests are intensifying. If this continues, we might have to consider withdrawing from the project. The financial risks are becoming untenable.\" The ruling party, keen to maintain its pro-development image, wants early completion of the project and the materialization of the semiconductor manufacturing plant to fulfill its poll promises. The Chief Secretary conveys the policy of the state government and the concerns of M&T Infrastructure Ltd. to the District Magistrate of the district concerned. As the administrative head of the district, the responsibility for maintaining law and order and facilitating development projects rests upon him.\na. What are the ethical issues involved in the case?\nb. Evaluate the options available to Vikash, being District Magistrate of the area.\nc. What course of action should Vikash adopt and why?","20","20"],[57,"a. इस मामले में नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं?\nb. क्षेत्र के जिला मजिस्ट्रेट होने के नाते विकास के लिए उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन करें।\nc. विकास को क्या कार्यवाही अपनानी चाहिए और क्यों?\na. इस मामले में नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं?\nb. क्षेत्र के जिला मजिस्ट्रेट होने के नाते विकास के लिए उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन करें।\nc. विकास को क्या कार्यवाही अपनानी चाहिए और क्यों?","20 अंक","20 अंक"]]},{"i":526,"t":"Monika Srivastava","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/8c9b1-115128_4513_monika_srivastava_rank_16.pdf","q":[[6,"1. (a) Compassion is the courageous choice to feel another's suffering as one's own, and to act upon it, even when silence is safer and indifference is easier. Examine the significance of compassion as an essential ethical value for civil servants in India. Illustrate your answer with suitable examples.","10","150"],[8,"1. (b) Marriages in India are transitioning from traditional sacramental unions to more autonomous relationships, reflected in live-in relationships and rising divorce rates. Discuss the ethical dimensions of these changes. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[10,"2. (a) While accountability often necessitates documentation, an overemphasis on bureaucratic procedures and excessive paperwork can inadvertently silence the very voices that public policy intends to empower, particularly at the grassroots. Examine the above statement with suitable illustrations.","10","150"],[12,"2. (b) The principle of impartiality may conflict with the need for compassion towards marginalized communities. Discuss in the context of civil services in India.","10","150"],[14,"3 (a) What do each of the following quotations mean to you?","10","150"],[16,"3. (b) \"Act only according to that maxim through which you can at the same time will that it become a universal law.\" - Immanuel Kant (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[18,"3. (c) \"We are not only responsible for what we do, but also for what we fail to do\" - Molière. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[20,"4. (a) Patriotism encourages ethical questioning, while nationalism often suppresses it. Discuss this statement in light of the formation of political attitudes during high-pressure national events. How can individuals develop moral attitudes that balance national interest with ethical reasoning?","10","150"],[22,"4. (b) Discuss how employee well-being and fairness can be balanced with efficiency and profitability in private organisations.","10","150"],[24,"5. (a) Do you agree that excessive use of social media and emerging AI technologies may lead to a decline in emotional regulation and moral sensitivity among adolescents? Justify your answer.","10","150"],[26,"5. (b) In light of the increasing incidents of suicides among students in India, discuss how Emotional Intelligence (EI) can aid in managing stress and emotional challenges.","10","150"],[28,"6. (a) In public service, emotional intelligence is not about suppressing emotion, but mastering its purpose — to connect, to de-escalate, and to uplift others with empathy and strength. Do you agree with this view? Discuss.","10","150"],[30,"6. (b) An efficient work culture is built not only on rules, but on shared values. In this context, evaluate the role of leadership and team dynamics in transforming work culture within an organization.","10","150"],[32,"7 You are posted as the Joint Secretary in the Department of Information Technology of a state. The government recently implemented several citizen-centric digital services, collecting large volumes of personal data from residents. The Digital Personal Data Protection (DPDP) Act, 2023, requires that such data be processed only with explicit and informed consent, and mandates that processing must cease immediately upon withdrawal of consent.\nDuring an internal audit, you discover that the department continues to process and analyze personal data of several citizens even after they have formally withdrawn their consent. This data is being used for policy analytics and service improvement, purposes not explicitly disclosed at the time of data collection. When you bring this to the attention of your department head, you are informed that halting the processing will disrupt ongoing digital initiatives and may affect state-level performance metrics. Moreover, you find that the consent withdrawal process is cumbersome, and many citizens are unaware of their rights under the DPDP Act.\nYou also learn that a prominent social activist is planning to file a complaint with the Data Protection Board against involuntary use of personal data, which could attract public scrutiny and legal action against the department.\n(a) Identify and discuss the ethical issues involved in this case.\n(b) What are the potential consequences for the department if the issue is not addressed transparently?\n(c) How would you balance the need for efficient public service delivery with the obligation to protect citizens’ data rights? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[37,"8 You are an IAS officer, currently serving as the Secretary of the Public Works Department in a hill state. Recently, a disturbing incident has come to light involving a senior Cabinet Minister and two engineers of the National Highways Authority of India (NHAI). During an inspection of a critical highway project, the Minister was allegedly seen on video physically assaulting and verbally abusing the engineers in full public view. The video, recorded by bystanders, went viral on social media and was widely covered by television channels, sparking both outrage and support from different sections of society. The Minister later defended his actions, alleging that the officials were corrupt, unresponsive to local grievances, and responsible for inordinate delays in the project. He insisted that his actions were driven by public frustration and the urgency of delivering infrastructure to a remote region.\n\nHowever, the engineers have filed a police complaint and written to their superiors, claiming they were targeted for resisting political pressure to award contracts to specific local contractors linked to the Minister. As the situation escalated, a union of NHAI engineers declared a strike,\n(a) इस प्रकरण में शामिल प्रमुख नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं? हितधारकों और उनके परस्पर विरोधी हितों की पहचान कीजिए।\n(b) लोक निर्माण विभाग के सचिव के रूप में, आप उपयुक्त स्थिति में क्या कार्रवाई करेंगे?\n(c) ऐसी घटनाएं सिविल सेवकों के मनोबल और शासन में जनता के विश्वास को कैसे प्रभावित करती हैं? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250"],[38,"(a) What are the key ethical issues involved in this situation? Identify the stakeholders and their conflicting interests.\n(b) As the Secretary of the PWD, what actions will you take in above situation?\n(c) How do such incidents affect the morale of civil servants and public trust in governance? (Answer in 250 words)\na) What are the key ethical issues involved in this situation? Identify the stakeholders and their conflicting interests.\nb) As the Secretary of the PWD, what actions will you take in above situation?\nc) How do such incidents affect the morale of civil servants and public trust in governance?","20","250"],[42,"9 You are the Secretary in the Department of Personnel and Training (DoPT), Government of India. In recent years, an increasing number of civil servants, particularly younger officers from the IAS, IPS, and IRS, have begun maintaining personal YouTube channels and social media pages. On these platforms, they regularly post videos related to their official work — showcasing innovative projects, public outreach initiatives, inspection drives, and sometimes even day-to-day administrative duties.\n\nThese videos often receive widespread public attention, and many viewers express admiration, saying such content enhances transparency, motivates aspirants, and humanizes the bureaucracy. However, concerns have also emerged from various quarters. Senior officers argue that such content may blur the boundaries between personal branding and public service, while some citizens and media commentators point to instances where videos feature vulnerable beneficiaries without consent, raise concerns about misuse of official premises, or seem designed more for personal popularity than public accountability.\n(a) लोक सेवकों द्वारा अपने आधिकारिक कार्यों को सोशल मीडिया पर सार्वजनिक रूप से प्रदर्शित करने के कृत्यों में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों की पहचान कीजिए।\n(b) क्या ऐसी प्रयासें जागरूकता और प्रेरणा को प्रोत्साहित देती हैं या क्या ये अनामिता, तटस्थता और सामूहिक सेवा भावना के मूल्यों से समझौता करती हैं? अपना मत दीजिए।\n(c) सचिव के रूप में, लोक सेवकों की उत्तरदायित्व डिजिटल सहभागिता सुनिश्चित करने के लिए आप कौन-से मार्गदर्शक सिद्धांत और नीतिगत अनुशंसाएं सुझाएंगे? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250"],[43,"In one case, a district magistrate was seen filming a surprise school inspection in which teachers were scolded on camera — the video was later posted to his personal YouTube channel that is also monetized. While some praised the officer’s strictness, others criticized the public shaming of teachers and the breach of service dignity. In another case, a police officer was seen directing a flood rescue operation while his staff filmed drone footage, later edited into a motivational video for social media. You have been asked to prepare a report with recommendations to balance public interest, institutional integrity, and evolving modes of communication.\n(a) Identify the ethical issues involved in civil servants publicly showcasing their official work on social media.\n(b) Do such practices promote awareness and motivation, or do they compromise the values of anonymity, neutrality, and collective service ethos? Give your opinion.\n(c) As the Secretary, what guiding principles and policy recommendations would you suggest to ensure responsible digital engagement by civil servants? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[47,"10. You are the Director of the National Bioethics Commission who is responsible for assessing the ethical feasibility and oversight of a nationwide gene sequencing program. The project named GeneFuture, aims to sequence the DNA of every newborn child and store it in a centralized national database. The objective is to identify genetic predispositions to serious diseases early in life, allowing for preventive treatment and personalized medicine. Over 100,000 babies have already been enrolled in the pilot phase of the program. The government claims that this move is a landmark step in public health advancement.\n\nHowever, collection of newborn genetic data raises significant ethical concerns, particularly around informed consent, which may not fully capture parents' understanding of the long-term risks involved. Once gathered, this sensitive data could be misused for purposes such as surveillance, insurance discrimination, or commercial marketing by third parties. Uncertainty over data ownership—whether it lies with the state, parents, or the individual as they mature—further complicates the issue. The involvement of private tech and pharmaceutical companies heightens fears of commercial exploitation, especially in the absence of clear mechanisms for individuals to withdraw consent or delete their genetic information upon reaching adulthood.\n(a) What are the ethical issues you perceive in the implementation of the GeneFuture program?\n(b) Identify the conflicting interests of different stakeholders in this case.\n(c) What guiding ethical principles would you recommend for implementation of this project? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[52,"11 You are a dedicated District Health Officer (DHO) with a strong commitment to evidence-based public health practices, recently assigned to a remote district in India. Your immediate and most critical task is to lead a crucial district-wide Measles-Rubella (MR) vaccination drive, aimed at achieving 100% immunization coverage among children aged 9 months to 15 years. The success of this drive is vital for the collective health of thousands of children and for the district's overall health indicators, especially with the impending monsoon season posing additional health challenges.\n\nHowever, in one of the largest and most traditional villages in your district, you encounter formidable resistance. The villagers, deeply influenced by the pronouncements of a revered local spiritual guru, strongly oppose the vaccination. The guru teaches that vaccination is an attack on the souls and that traditional herbal remedies and ritual blessings provide sufficient protection. This belief has led to widespread rejection of vaccination camps in the village, with some locals facing social ostracism and even physical threats. The state health department is under pressure to meet vaccination targets and has warned of serious consequences if the district fails to achieve them. The department has also instructed that coercion should not be used under any circumstances, as it may lead to public unrest. Meanwhile, a large annual fair involving many surrounding villages is scheduled to take place soon, which could exacerbate the spread of measles-rubella if the village remains unvaccinated.\n\n(a) Discuss the ethical issues involved in this scenario.\n(b) What immediate alternatives do you have to address this resistance?\n(c) To counter the widespread impact of superstition and promote scientific thinking for sustainable public health outcomes, what long-term strategies and systemic reforms would you suggest? (Answer in 250 words)\na) Discuss the ethical issues involved in this scenario.\nb) What immediate alternatives do you have to address this resistance?\nc) To counter the widespread impact of superstition and promote scientific thinking for sustainable public health outcomes, what long-term strategies and systemic reforms would you suggest? (250 words)","","250"],[53,"(a) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the above case.\n(b) What are the immediate options available to you to overcome this resistance?\n(c) What long-term strategies and systemic reforms would you suggest to address the pervasive influence of superstition and foster a scientific temperament for sustainable public health outcomes? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[57,"12 You are a highly motivated and principle-driven Gram Panchayat Secretary, recently posted in a large and socio-economically diverse village in a remote district. Your immediate and most critical task is the meticulous verification of beneficiaries for the 'Gramin Awas Yojana' – a flagship state housing scheme aimed at providing 'pucca' (brick) houses to the genuinely impoverished and landless households. The scheme is under tight deadlines, with funds...\n(a) What are the likely administrative and ethical difficulties you face?\n(b) Discuss all the options available to you.\n(c) Which broad course of action will you take, justifying your decision on ethical grounds? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[58,"(a) What are the potential administrative and ethical dilemmas you face?\n(b) Discuss all options available to you.\n(c) What comprehensive course of action would you choose to adopt, providing ethical justification for your decision? (Answer in 250 words)\na) What are the potential administrative and ethical dilemmas you face?\nb) Discuss all options available to you.\nc) What comprehensive course of action would you choose to adopt, providing ethical justification for your decision? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"]]},{"i":531,"t":"Mudit Foujdar","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/MUDIT_FOUJDARUPSC_IAS_2025_Toppers_AIR_353_Sample_MGP_COPY_3.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1 The inherent strength of the Indian constitution stems from its ability to accommodate disparate interests. Elucidate.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Indiscriminate use of section 124-A of the IPC is like a saw in the hands of carpenter who cuts the entire forest instead of a tree. Has the Sedition law outlived its utility? Justify your answer.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) Convergence between SHGs and panchayats is an assured way of achieving women empowerment. Do you agree?","10","150"],[9,"Q.4 Reasonable balance between individual's liberty and the state's right to impose restrictions is vital for the functioning of a constitutional democracy. Explain with help of suitable illustrations.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) What do you understand by the cohabitation form of government? How does it differ from the Westminster system?","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) Mutual comity and respect between social media intermediaries and national governments are necessary to democratize cyberpolitics in the interest of users. Discuss.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) The pace of justice is severely restricted by the poor judicial infrastructure in the country. Do you think creation of a National Judicial Infrastructure Authority of India will be able to improve the quality of justice?","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) Illiteracy, poverty and unemployment provides an inter-related syndrome which demands a whole of government approach for its effective eradication. Elucidate.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9 NATO, a collective defence organization, formed during the heydays of cold war has outlived its utility in a world increasingly ascribing to multipolar ideals. Analyse.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10 There can be no genuine Asian century without amicable India-China relations. Comment.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11 The constitutional position of the governor is that of a lynchpin of federalism, holding together the units of federal polity. Critically examine the functioning of the office of governor in carrying out its envisaged role.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12 Judiciary has played an active role in reforming the electoral system by making it more transparent and responsive. Elucidate. Also, critically assess the impacts of various judicial pronouncements in attaining their desired objective.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 Effective policy formulation and implementation are contingent upon availability of reliable data. Highlighting the importance of Civil Registration System (CRS), examine the need for revamping Indian CRS.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 The pattern of economic growth in India has widened the gap between haves and have-nots, and calls for enhanced role of state in protection and promotion of social security. Critically examine.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 Welfare role of the government does not end at nourishing the demographic dividend, but extends to preserving the interests of the elderlies. Examine the constraints faced by the elderlies? Also, recommend suitable measures for developing a comprehensive framework for geriatric care in the country.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16 Governance is a broader concept than government, as it keeps people at the centre of the developmental process. In light of the statement, discuss the paradigm of good governance in the country and highlight the challenges associated with its on-ground implementation.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 Continuance of manual scavenging reflects a deeper problem that is a vicious mix of poor governance measures combined with a deep-seated societal vulnerability. Explaining the contributing factors behind manual scavenging, suggest ways to eliminate the menace.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18) What are the challenges ailing the higher education institutions (HEIs) in India? Also, suggest ways to transform Indian institutions into global learning centres.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 Soft power is the ability of the country to get what it wants through attraction rather than coercion. What are the elements of India's soft power? How far has India been able to leverage its soft power?","15","250"],[50,"Q.20) The inherent potential of India-EU bilateral relationship to forge a mutually beneficial strategic partnership remains unrealised due to several factors. Discuss.","15","250"]]},{"i":529,"t":"Mudit Foujdar","c":"Forumias","p":"GS3","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/MUDIT_FOUJDARUPSC_IAS_2025_Toppers_AIR_353_Sample_MGP_COPY_1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) The concentration of wealth at the top necessitates addressing scarcity of resources for the masses. In this context, assess the potential of Universal Basic Income (UBI) in furthering the goals of economic equity.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Digital commerce is reshaping the global business environment, but its potential is marred by anti-competitive practices, supply chain gaps and limited participation from MSMEs. Discuss the statement and highlight the role of Open Network Digital Commerce (ONDC) in democratizing e-commerce sector.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) Analyse the reasons for India's import dependence in edible oil. How far can National Mission on Oilseeds and Oil Palm (NMOOP) aid the country in becoming self-reliant in edible oil?","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) Agriculture subsidy regime in its present form fuels economic inefficiency and creates ecological imbalance. In this perspective, examine various issues related to farm subsidies. Also, recommend measures to rationalise the same.","10","150"],[10,"8. WTO sanctions due to trade distortions","",""],[11,"Q.5) What do you mean by 'dark matter' and why is it difficult to detect? How has the search for 'dark matter' shaped modern pursuits in science?","10","150"],[12,"Search for dark matter has shaped modern science in the following ways:\n1. Elaborate measuring devices (such as Gamma Ray telescopes, X-ray observatories) have been created. Eg: James Webb Telescope (Infrared)\n2. Complimentary fields such as Gravitational Waves, Black Holes, 'Dark Energy' have developed.\n3. Searches for new elementary particles (such as 'Graviton') have led to the discovery of other particles (such as neutrinos in LHC, CERN).\n4. Fuels curiosity regarding the unexplored & unexplained Universe.","",""],[13,"Q.6 The future of digital technologies lies in blurring lines between physical and virtual worlds. In this context, discuss the ways in which Metaverse can alter our everyday lives.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7 Underline factors responsible for poor solid waste management in Indian cities. In what ways can the trinity of citizens, businesses, and the governments tackle this hazard.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8 Ever-increasing competition to control land resources has not only led to environmental degradation but also fuelled social instability, poverty, and migration. Discuss the multidimensional effects of Land Degradation. How can we achieve Land Degradation Neutrality (LDN)?","10","150"],[19,"Q.9) While addressing the broader challenges of national security the finer questions of human security are often overlooked. What do you understand by human security? Also, recommend measures to build a robust human security paradigm?","10","150"],[21,"Q.10 Border management in the country is as much an endeavour in forging developmental partnerships with the locals as it is an exercise in managing cross-border threats. Elucidate.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11) The much-cherished demographic dividend of India can be leveraged only if the twin challenges of unemployment and unemployability are addressed holistically. Comment.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12 While infrastructure can act as the force multiplier to achieve a 5 trillion USD economy, Gatishakti masterplan can play a similar role for the growth of infrastructure. Elaborate.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13) Agriculture is both the cause and a casualty of climate change. In what ways climate change affects agriculture? Suggest ways to make agriculture climate resilient.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 As an organization of the producers, by the producers and for the producers, Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs) can resolve the multiple issues plaguing agriculture. Critically examine.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 Vaccines have proven to be a vital tool in controlling the virulent effects of the SARS-CoV-2. Explaining various types of vaccines, enumerate steps involved in their development.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16 Quantum computing can herald transformative changes in various fields of human engagements that are beyond the capacity of traditional computers. Describe quantum computing and list its advantages over traditional computers.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 What do you understand by cloud burst? Examine the reasons for high vulnerability of the mountainous regions to cloud bursts and discuss ways to mitigate its ill-effects.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the risk of infectious agents jumping the barriers of species, necessitating human, animal, and environmental health questions to be dealt in an integrated manner. In this light, discuss the concept of one health.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19) Trafficking in the country has grown to become a grave internal security threat and persistent social bane. Identifying the factors behind various forms of trafficking, suggest measures to tackle the menace.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 Though drones have multitude of enabling applications for the welfare of human kind, their proliferation has opened a new dimension of security threat for the country. Discuss.","15","250"]]},{"i":530,"t":"Mudit Foujdar","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/MUDIT_FOUJDARUPSC_IAS_2025_Toppers_AIR_353_Sample_MGP_COPY_2.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) It is often said that politics and ethics belong to different worlds. What is your opinion in this regard? Justify your answer with illustration. Also, highlight the consequences of divergence between politics and ethics.","10","150"],[5,"b) \"Integrity is telling myself the truth and honesty is telling the truth to other people.\" Examine the importance of integrity and honesty for a public servant. Also, suggest measures to cultivate these attributes.","10","150"],[7,"Q.2) a) \"Knowing yourself is the beginning of all wisdom.\" Discuss the importance of emotional intelligence in self-realisation. Do you think emotional intelligence can be learned?","10","150"],[9,"b) Differentiate between the following:\n(i) Rules and Laws\n(ii) Attitude and Belief","10","150"],[11,"Q.3) What does each of the following quotations mean to you?\na) \"Human behaviour flows from three main sources: desire, emotions, and knowledge\" - Plato","10","150"],[13,"b) \"There is a higher court than courts of justice and that is the court of conscience. It supersedes all other courts.\" - Mahatma Gandhi","10","150"],[15,"c) \"Tolerance implies no lack of commitment to one's own beliefs. Rather it condemns the oppression or persecution of others.\"- John F. Kennedy","10","150"],[17,"Q.4) a) Write short notes on the following in about 30-50 words each:\n(i) Ethical governance\n(ii) compassion in public life\n(iii) Selflessness\n(iv) Crisis of conscience\n(v) Non-partisanship","10 marks, 150","30-50 words each"],[19,"b) In tandem with the individual merits of employees, the work culture of an organization also plays an important role in harnessing positive outcomes. Discuss the statement in light of the work culture in government organizations.","10","150"],[21,"Q.5) a) What do you understand from conflict of interest? With the help of suitable examples, illustrate how it affects the working of public servants. In what ways can conflict of interest be minimised?","10","150"],[23,"b) \"Those who would give up essential liberty to purchase a little temporary safety, deserve neither liberty nor safety.\" In the context of this statement, bring out the ethical issues involved with creating a surveillance state for the sake of national security.","10","150"],[25,"Q.6) a) If corruption is a disease, transparency and accountability are essentially its antidote. Explaining the statement, evaluate various measures available to ensure transparency and accountability in the governance process.","10","150"],[27,"b) In your opinion, what qualities make a person a 'good person'? Do you think all good persons share similar traits or do their qualities change with 'stan, kal, patra' (place, time and role)?","10","150"],[29,"Q.7) Anand Singh is a government bus conductor working with the Nav Pradesh Transport Corporation. Anand has completed 35 years of service and is due for retirement next year. Anand is happy because he is hopeful of getting his daughter, Madhvi, married from the money he will receive as his retirement benefits. However, Anand's wife pesters him to earn more money in one way or the other. Anand likes his job, and all the passengers in his route vouch for his good nature and helpful behaviour.\n\nOne day, Suresh, Anand's boss, called Anand in his cabin. He told Anand that a complaint has been filed against him by a person for illegally taking the ticket money from him without issuing the receipt for the ticket. Suresh explained to Anand that this act amounted to misappropriation of government money. Suresh always saw Anand as a decent individual and he asked him as to why he indulged in such an act? Anand, visibly disturbed, told Suresh that as the conductor of a government bus he receives a meagre salary, grossly insufficient to meet the needs of his family. He told him that his younger daughter, Sarita, suffers from chronic kidney ailment, and requires dialysis twice a week. A huge chunk of his paltry salary goes towards the cost of Sarita's treatment. Moreover, as a single bread-winner of the family, he has to cater to the needs of his elderly parents. Anand further tells Suresh that since last one year a substantial portion of his income goes towards repaying the loan that he took for his elder daughter's college education. Anand laments that even after working for 35 long years, he is unable to provide for his family beyond the bare basic necessities. He tells Suresh that he is aware of many incidents of large-scale corruption in the road transport department that go virtually unnoticed. Further, Anand justifies his act of taking money by highlighting that almost every colleague of his indulges in such practices, and in comparison, to them, what he took, just fifty rupees, is ignorable and paltry. Further, he brought to light the fact that at times they, the conductors, were expected to give their immediate superiors a bribe in the name of convenience fees for various official tasks.\n\nWhile listening to Anand, Suresh feels compassion for him. He decides to verify the veracity of Anand's claim with regard to the dire straits of his financial conditions. On enquiry, all the workers in the office attested to the fact that Anand is going through a very bad phase and that he frequently resorts to short term loans in order to meet his financial requirements. Moreover, the office employees requested Suresh to take a lenient view of Anand's case. They were of the view that if a strong action is taken over such a trivial incident, then it would be highly unjust and unfair towards Anand. On reaching his home, Suresh shared the whole occurrence and Anand's story with his wife. To his surprise, his wife too agreed with the employees of the office. She told him that such small incidents are a routine matter. Also, with rising inflation and increasing obligations, this is the only way for people like Anand to make their ends meet. She asks Suresh to not waste his time and energy over such a small matter.\na) Why are the incidents of petty corruption trivialized? According to you, is it justifiable to ignore small incidents of corruption?\nb) What are various ethical dilemmas in the above case study?","",""],[30,"c) Discuss the merits and demerits of various options available to Suresh. Also, what, according to you, will be the ideal course of action and why?","20","250"],[35,"Q.8 Vimla is a senior IAS officer posted as the secretary in the Ministry of Women and Child Development. On one of her field visits to a government school, Vimla requested the principal to arrange for an interactive session with the students. During the session, a girl, Bindhiya, raised the issue of menstrual hygiene with Vimla. Bindhiya was of the view that menstrual hygiene is of paramount importance for the health and well-being of adolescent girls. She appraised the secretary that most of the students in the school came from socio-economically backward families. Therefore, it was difficult for them to afford high priced sanitary napkins. She suggested that if the government can make the sanitary napkins available at subsidised prices, it will lead to an improvement in overall health of female students. While on one hand it will reduce the economic burden on their parents, it will also have a positive impact on educational/cognitive outcomes of students. Further, Bindhiya suggested that the task of making sanitary napkins can be outsourced to a women SHG, leading to their economic empowerment. While everyone in the session agreed with Bindhiya's suggestion, Vimla's response came as a surprise. Vimla raised her concern over increasing dependence of people on government subsidies and freebies. She retorted at Bindhiya by saying that if the demand for sanitary napkins is conceded, people will next demand the government for providing contraceptives. Vimla's remarks were widely criticised for being in poor taste.\n\nArun and Malti are a married couple living in Delhi. Both are members of IAS, and are posted in the central secretariat. Fitness enthusiasts, Arun and Malti, are also avid pet lovers. They own two dogs. Arun and Malti go for their evening walks in the government stadium located close to their official residence. One evening, the athletes in the government stadium were informed by the stadium in charge that they have to wind-up their practice early. As the athletes were practicing for an upcoming national level meet, they protested the order of vacating the grounds before the official closing time of the stadium. However, the stadium in charge informed them that senior IAS officers, Arun and Malti, were here early for their daily evening walk along with their two pet dogs. The athletes were aghast as the pets of a power couple were getting more priority than hard-working, sincere athletes preparing for a national level event. The incident raised questions over the lack of sensitivity and misuse of authority by public officials.\n\nMahesh is an IPS officer posted as the DIG traffic in a western state of India. Mahesh has an impeccable record of service, and is also a recipient several honours from the government. However, the personal life of Mahesh has always been a cause of concern. In the past, Mahesh's wife had made allegations of domestic violence against him. At that time the matter was settled in a family court, where Mahesh had apologised for his behaviour and blamed the stress due to extreme work pressure as a reason for his violent behaviour. More recently, Nandini, a teen-age house maid, working in Mahesh's house was rescued by an anti-child labour NGO. The NGO had received a complaint from a neighbour of Mahesh, who had noticed bruise marks on Nandini's face and on several occasions heard Nandini crying and sobbing. On further enquiry, it was found that Nandini was made to do hard physical labour, was denied even basic nutrition, and her condition was worsened by mental and physical trauma that she had to suffer. The incident raised the issue of violation of child rights by a public official who is expected to uphold the rule of law.\na) What are various ethical issues in the above case study?\nb) What explains the bureaucratic apathy as highlighted in the above instances? How can the same be corrected?\nc) What virtues in a civil servant/public official could have prevented the above incidents?","20","250"],[36,"a) उपरोक्त केस स्टडी में विभिन्न नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं?\nb) उपयुक्त उदाहरण में उजागर की गई नौकरशाही की उदासीनता या निष्क्रियता की क्या व्याख्या है? इसे कैसे ठीक किया जा सकता है?\nc) एक सिविल सेवक/लोक अधिकारी में कौन से गुण उपरोक्त घटनाओं को रोक सकते थे?","","20 अंक"],[37,"a) Ethical issues in the above case study:\n1. Lack of empathy and compassion in public servants.\n2. Welfare policies versus Dependence of people on the government.\n3. Abuse of public office.\n4. Mai-Baap culture.\n5. Lack of accountability due to security of tenure.\n6. Personal ethics versus Professional ethics.\n7. Lack of emotional intelligence.\n8. Colonial hangover of the bureaucracy.","",""],[41,"Q.9 On the basis of the above case, answer the following questions:\na) Who are the different stakeholders involved in this case? Also, identify their interests/concerns.\nb) What should be the course of action of the new CEO to handle the situation at hand? Which ethical principles should guide his actions? Explain.","20","250"],[47,"Q.10) The national capital has been under the grip of an outbreak of dengue fever which has affected many in the city. Unseasonal rainfall, clogged drains, negligent administration and ignorance of the general public have led to water logging in various places in the capital, which has become the breeding grounds for mosquitos. Comprehensive coverage of the issue in national and international media has become an embarrassment for the ruling dispensation in the capital.\nTo control the outbreak, the administration swung into action and a taskforce was created to control the situation in the city. The Chief Minister visited many areas which were hot spots of the dengue outbreak and announced that all the victims of dengue would be provided free treatment and be paid a government allowance to make up for the wage loss due to dengue. To identify the beneficiaries of the government's plan, Rajesh, a member of the taskforce, was given the responsibility of conducting a survey and recording the names of the victims.\nRajesh conducted the survey diligently, working beyond his normal duty hours, to prepare the list of beneficiaries. Based on the survey, Rajesh prepared a draft list and submitted it to the head of the taskforce. Rajesh's list contained thousands of names and it was realized that the number of victims was much larger than originally anticipated. The head of the task force appreciated the hard work of Rajesh, but told him that such a long list of victims was unacceptable. He explained to Rajesh that giving government aid to such a large number of people was beyond the financial capacity of the state and presenting such a long list would only add to the embarrassment of the government. When Rajesh raised the contention that it was the order of the Chief Minister to give aid to every victim, the head of the taskforce further explained that it was the political expediency of the CM, as assembly elections are due in the next six months. He hinted that Rajesh should modify his list and include only those names who form the electorate of the capital and leave out others from the list as they are politically 'irrelevant'. He also indirectly told Rajesh that by giving a shorter list he could gain some political brownie points that could help him advance his career, while if he insisted on giving the complete list, he could land at the cross hairs of the ruling party. Rajesh understood that if he obliged the request of the head of the taskforce, it would mean leaving out the migrant population who are the most vulnerable section. Rajesh's mind tells him to follow what the head of the task force has asked him to do, but his conscience is exhorting him to say no.\na) Based on this case study, identify the various ethical dilemmas faced by Rajesh.\nb) If you were in Rajesh's shoes, what would you have done? Present an assessment and justification of your suggested course of action.","20","20"],[48,"a) इस केस स्टडी के आधार पर, राकेश के सामने आने वाली विभिन्न नैतिक दुविधाओं की पहचान करें।\nb) यदि आप राकेश के स्थान पर होते, तो क्या करते? अपनी सुझाई गई कार्रवाई का मूल्यांकन और औचित्य प्रस्तुत करें।","20 अंक","250 शब्द"],[53,"Q.11 Satish is a young IAS officer who has been appointed as the collector of a district in a South Indian state. Satish is known for his empathetic and compassionate attitude towards weaker sections. During his last posting as collector of another district in the same state, his work has earned him the name 'compassionate collector'. As collector, he quickly started taking people-oriented actions. He started 'janta darbar' (open house) on every Friday, so that people can directly approach him with their grievances and concerns. In one such Janta darbar, a distressed couple came to him with the plight of their sick daughter. The couple informed that their daughter was suffering from a rare heart condition and undergoing treatment in a private hospital, however, her survival requires immediate surgery. They further told him that they were able to raise substantial money through crowd funding and donations, but were still short of 2 lakhs. They showed some medical reports from a private hospital and recommendations of doctors from the same hospital prescribing immediate surgery. They begged Satish to help them arrange the remaining amount for the surgery. Moved by the pain of the couple and on the basis of the reports from the private hospital, Satish decided to give 2 lakhs for the Collector's discretionary fund and accordingly 2 lakhs were released to the private hospital. After a few weeks, an investigative journalist busted a scam where a private hospital, XYZ, was generating spurious reports and bills for treatments of fake patients. These bills were being paid by the government under the scheme for reimbursement of medical expenditure for treatment of weaker sections of the society. The name XYZ struck him and he recalled that the couple also gave him medical reports from the same hospital. The report of the journalist further added that the scam was going on for quite some time in connivance with the government officials. The news item reported Satish's name as an accomplice of the hospital and accused him of swindling public resources by giving money to XYZ out of the collector's discretionary fund. Taking note of the report, the state government has sent a show cause notice to Satish and an enquiry has been ordered to investigate the matter.\na) Examine various ethical issues involved in the case presented above.\nb) Do you think the actions of Satish were ethically justified? Justify your opinion.\nc) What should Satish do in this situation for handling the allegations of corruption levelled against him?","20","250"],[57,"c) Satish's course of action to handle allegations of corruption :","",""],[59,"Q.12) Moonlighting refers to doing a second job, typically at night and secretly, in addition to one's regular employment. With work from home becoming a new feature of many jobs, it has become easy for many people to moonlight.\n\nArvind is a software engineer in Comsoft, an MNC, and he works from home for his firm. Arvind has received only meagre salary hikes in the last two years as the business of Comsoft has suffered due to the pandemic. However, his expenditure has increased substantially as he got married and had a child in these two years. Arvind was finding it difficult to make his ends meet and decided to take up another job, apart from his regular job in Comsoft. He got his second gig at Mocsoft, who happened to be a competitor of Comsoft, and thus, started moonlighting. This side gig was very helpful for Arvind and his financial condition started improving. Arvind found that in Mocsoft, his role and responsibilities were quite similar to that in his regular employment at Comsoft. This meant that he could easily manoeuvre between two jobs without compromising the quality of work in either company. Shift timing of both the jobs were also different. To keep the two jobs separate, he used his official computer to work for Comsoft and his personal computer for Mocsoft. Two jobs gave Arvind financial space to save for buying a house, something the couple had always dreamt of. However, all his plans shattered and his world came crashing down when Arvind received an official mail from Comsoft informing him of his termination with immediate effect citing his second job as the reason for termination. Arvind was clueless as to what to do now and how to tell his wife about his termination. Similar is the story of hundreds of Arvind, who were terminated for moonlighting.\na) Analyze the various ethical issues involved in the case of moonlighting.\nb) Do you think Comsoft's decision to terminate the employment of Arvind is justified? Why or why not?\nc) Identify various qualities which could help Arvind handle this situation.","20","250"],[60,"a) मूनलाइटिंग के मामले में शामिल विभिन्न नैतिक मुद्दों का विश्लेषण करें।\nb) क्या आपको लगता है कि कॉम्सॉफ्ट का अरविंद के रोजगार को समाप्त करने का निर्णय उचित है? क्यों या क्यों नहीं?\nc) विभिन्न गुणों की पहचान करें जो अरविंद को इस स्थिति से निपटने में मदद कर सकते हैं।\na) मूनलाइटिंग के मामले में शामिल विभिन्न नैतिक मुद्दों का विश्लेषण करें।\nb) क्या आपको लगता है कि कॉम्सॉफ्ट का अरविंद के रोजगार को समाप्त करने का निर्णय उचित है? क्यों या क्यों नहीं?\nc) विभिन्न गुणों की पहचान करें जो अरविंद को इस स्थिति से निपटने में मदद कर सकते हैं।","20 अंक","250 शब्द"],[62,"c) Qualities which could help Arvind handle this situation:\n1. Maintaining an optimistic attitude and finding another job.\n2. Accepting responsibility and offering","",""]]},{"i":532,"t":"Mudita Bansal","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2024,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/MUDITA-BANSAL-UPSC-2024-Rank-44-MGP-Sample-Copy-3.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) The Indian Constitution does not embody a strict separation of powers rather it introduces a system of checks and balances, with overlapping functions and interdependencies among the legislature, executive, and judiciary. Elaborate.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2 Recently, the Supreme Court has expanded the scope of Articles 14 and 21 to include the \"right against the adverse effects of climate change\". In this context, citing relevant case laws, discuss the role played by Indian judiciary in 'constitutionalization' of environmental issues.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) The Speaker's inclination to cater to party loyalties often undermines the dignity and impartiality of the office, eroding public trust in the legislative process. Analyse with the help of recent examples.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4 Assess the effectiveness of SEBI in fulfilling its envisaged role of regulating the securities market, ensuring transparency, and protecting investors' interests.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5 The foundational strength of the Indian Constitution stems from its ability to integrate diverse socio-political perspectives. Elucidate.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6 Parliamentary committees serve as vital tools for legislative oversight, ensuring accountability and transparency in governance processes. In light of the statement, examine the role of the Public Accounts Committee in establishing financial accountability of the executive.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) Without addressing the issues that hinder the full and effective participation of persons with disabilities in political and public life, the goal of achieving inclusiveness and their empowerment will remain unattainable. Analyze.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) What roles do community-based interventions play in enhancing access to preventive and promotive healthcare services in India?","10","150"],[19,"Q.9 The current composition of the UNSC, with under-representation and un-representation of key regions is detrimental to its legitimacy and effectiveness, underscoring the urgent need for reforms. Elaborate. Also, present a case for India's permanent membership in the UNSC.","10","150"],[21,"Q.1C) \"The ongoing internal crisis in Myanmar is impeding India's Act East Policy.\" In light of the statement, discuss the measures taken by India to deal with the crisis and associated challenges.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11 \"The Basic Structure Doctrine, lauded for safeguarding the core principles of the Constitution against majoritarian impulses, is also criticized for enabling judicial overreach and disturbing the balance of power as envisioned by the Constitution.\" Elaborate.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12 Enumerate the salient features of Representation of People's Act, 1951. In your opinion, what amendments are needed in the Act to further the cause of free and fair elections in light of contemporary challenges.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13) The cooperative nature of Indian federalism is being increasingly challenged by emerging differences in Centre-State relations. Discuss. What steps can be taken to strengthen the cooperative spirit of Indian federalism?","15","250"],[32,"Q.14) Parliamentary privileges are fundamental for lawmakers to discharge their duties without undue influence. However, ensuring the responsible exercise of these privileges is crucial for fostering public trust and ensuring the accountability of public institutions. Analyse.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 The Constitution of India provides several rights that empower the individual, yet it balances these freedoms with reasonable restrictions in the larger public interest. Discuss how constitutional restrictions on fundamental rights strike a fine balance between individual interests and societal interests. Also, mention the principles that are considered in evaluating the reasonableness of restrictions with reference case laws.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16) Self-Help Groups (SHGs) can play a crucial role in alleviating rural poverty by providing women with access to microfinance, enabling them to start small businesses and improve their livelihoods. Examine.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 Despite the implementation of numerous policies and schemes aimed at combating hunger and malnutrition in the country, their effectiveness remains limited. Analyse.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18) The true test of good governance is the degree to which it ensures accountability towards citizens and delivers on the promise of sustainable and inclusive human development. Discuss in the context of challenges to good governance in India.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 As the principal judicial organ of the United Nations, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) provides a judicial mechanism for the peaceful resolution of international disputes. In this context, throw light on the structure and mandate of ICJ. Also, highlight the challenges it faces in fulfilling its mandate.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20) Geopolitical shifts pose challenges to India-Russia relations, yet the relationship remains robust, driven by deep-rooted trust and a shared commitment to sustain a multifaceted strategic partnership. Analyse.","15","250"]]},{"i":1007,"t":"Mukan Dagar","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1k6o2sIPUbuZYe1VQ8jg6GUQSg0C2hELC/view","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) Successful people are not those who did not fail, but those who persisted in turbulent times and kept moving after a failure. In light of this statement, examine the importance of adversity quotient in life. How can adversity quotient be developed?","10","150"],[5,"b) 'Strength does not come from physical capacity but from an indomitable will.' - Gandhi. What does strength mean to you and how far do you agree with the given statement? Discuss with suitable example.","10","150"],[7,"Q.2) a) Differentiate between the following:\ni) Conscientiousness Vs. Conscience\nii) Guilt Vs. Remorse","10","150"],[9,"b) Good governance does not depend on laws, but upon the personal qualities of those who administer the law. Do you agree with this statement? Justify your view.","10","150"],[11,"Q.3) a) An active civil service is necessary but not sufficient; India also requires civil service activism for fulfilling the vision of 'justice, liberty and equality for all'. Analyze the statement citing relevant examples.","10","150"],[13,"b) Educational institutions complement the role of the family and the society in shaping our values. Discuss. Can digital education perform this value inculcation function effectively?","10","150"],[15,"Q.4) a) Gendered attitudes convert differences in sexes into discriminations. Examine the factors responsible for negative attitudes toward women in the Indian society. How can these attitudes be changed?","10","150"],[17,"b) How are ethical concerns and work culture of public institutions different from those of private institutions? Examine the desirability of adoption of work culture similar to private institutions in public institutions.","10","150"],[19,"Q.5) a) Besides objectivity, civil servants also need empathy and compassion to effectively resolve various ethical dilemmas they face while discharging their responsibilities. Discuss with suitable examples.","10","150"],[21,"b) Leadership is essentially a task of persuasion. How does ability to persuade others help civil servants in performing their duty? Identify five qualities that make civil servants effective agents of persuasion. Justify your choices.","10","150"],[22,"3 Persuading seniors in case of questionable directive to rethink the proposition","",""],[23,"Q.6) a) What does each of the following quotations mean to you? Peace is not mere absence of war; it is presence of justice","10","150"],[25,"b) 'The world will not be destroyed by those who do evil, but by those who watch them without doing anything.'","10","150"],[27,"c) 'Happiness is a mysterious thing, to be found somewhere between too little and too much.'","10","150"],[29,"Q.7) Sunshine electronics is a domestic mobile manufacturer and you are its CEO. Sunshine electronics has made an affordable 5g phone with over 80% domestically sourced components. It has spent a large amount of money for promotion of the phone. General public is excited about the new phone and the company has already received over 1 lakh pre-launch orders from various online shopping portals. The achievement of the company has also received recognition from the highest political level and has been cited as a successful example of Atma-Nirbhar Bharat. The Central Minister of Electronics and Information Technology is the chief guest in the launch event of the new mobile phone.\nJust a day before the launch of the new phone, you received a call from the Chief Technology Officer (CTO) of your company. He informs you that the US has banned Huwu Technologies Pvt. Ltd. from doing business in the USA and a similar ban is expected to be imposed by the EU in the next few days. The ban on Huwu is based on a report claiming that Huwu has been working very closely with the Chinese government and there are technical 'backdoors' in the components made by Huwu that allows it to spy on users of the devices that have these components.\nThe new phone made by your company also uses a chip manufactured by Huwu. To fulfil the pre-orders in the shortest possible time, Sunshine Electronics has also manufactured around fifty thousand devices. Cancelling or postponing the launch event would be embarrassing for political dispensation and financially disastrous for your company. On the other hand, going ahead with the launch would mean potentially risking the privacy and security of your customers.\n1) On the basis of this case, identify the various ethical dilemmas involved.\n2) What principles of corporate ethics would you consider while taking the decision in this case?\n3) Examine various options available with you for handling the issue at hand. What will you do in the given case?","20","250"],[30,"1) इस मामले के आधार पर, इसमें शामिल विभिन्न नैतिक दुविधाओं की पहचान करें।\n2) इस मामले में निर्णय लेते समय आप कॉर्पोरेट नैतिकता के किन सिद्धांतों पर विचार करेंगे?\n3) समस्या से निपटने के लिए आपके पास उपलब्ध विभिन्न विकल्पों की जांच करें। दिए गए मामले में आप क्या करेंगे?","20 अंक","250 शब्द"],[34,"Q.8) Asanpur is a beautiful small district in Northern part of India. It used to be the hub of stone mining activity. However, excessive mining led to environmental degradation and rapid soil erosion while cutting of stone created air pollution hazard. Due to various detrimental impacts, NGT has imposed a ban on stone mining in Asanpur. Despite this ban, the mining mafia has been able to operate with connivance of corrupt government officials and politicians. Many officers have tried to stop this illegal mining, but the powerful mafia has either forced them to submit through force or bribed them or got them transferred through their political contacts. Last week, a DSP lost his life when he was trying to stop a truck carrying illegally mined stones.\nYou recently got promoted and made the SP of Asanpur. Upon taking the charge, you quickly realized the gravity of the problem. Illegal mining was run by organized gangs in the district. It was also linked to other crimes in your city ranging from petty crimes like pick pocketing to serious offenses like kidnapping and murders. Illegal mining and related crime have negatively impacted socio-economic development of the district as youth are increasingly getting involved in the illegal activities and businesses are leaving the district due to high crime rates. You created a special task force and started taking stringent actions against the illegal mining in your district. In a short span of a few weeks you seized thirty dumpers carrying illegally mined stones. Public appreciated your stringent actions while the corrupt ecosystem created by illegal miners was rattled.\nOne day, a junior officer approached you and informed you that he has been receiving threats from the illegal stone miners. He also informs you that others in the task force are also facing problems like someone in the task force is being harassed by reopening an old settled case against him while someone else has received a transfer order to a remote district. This has demotivated the taskforce and reminded them of the connections of illegal miners in the district. The same day, when you reach home, your wife tells you that she got a call from an unknown number threatening her of dire consequences if you do not stop your investigation. You fear that the call was from a member of the organized crime syndicate involved in the illegal mining activity. Your wife is worried about the safety of the family and requests you to be lenient in your work. In this situation, answer the following questions:\n1) How will you motivate the task force to work with honesty in this adverse condition?\n2) How would you justify putting your family at risk in line of your duty?\n3) Identify the various dimensions of the crisis. Based on your understanding, suggest measures to deal with the crisis.","20","20"],[35,"1) इस विपरीत परिस्थिति में आप टास्क फोर्स को ईमानदारी से काम करने के लिए कैसे प्रेरित करेंगे?\n2) आप अपने कर्तव्य के क्रम में अपने परिवार को जोखिम में डालने को कैसे उचित ठहराएंगे?\n3) संकट के विभिन्न आयामों की पहचान करें। अपनी समझ के आधार पर संकट से निपटने के उपाय सुझाएं।","20 अंक","250 शब्द"],[37,"3) Dimensions of the crisis\n1) Illegal mining & mining mafia\n2) Corrupt officials & politicians forming nexus\n3) Increasing illegal activities\n4) Degeneration of Youth\n5) Ailing businesses - economic loss\n6) Threat to police officers, transfers, etc.\n7) Threats to own family","",""],[39,"Q.9 Under the Mid-Day Meal (MDM) scheme, children are served cooked food in their school. It has been revolutionary in not only improving the nutritional status of children but also increasing the retention ratio in schools. However, the quality of food has been a cause of concern. In one of the unfortunate incidents, two students lost their lives and over thirty children fell ill after eating the MDM in their school. The district administration was quick in its action and fired the cook (bhojan-mata) of the concerned school. The bhojan-mata, who belongs to a backward caste, is the sole breadwinner in her family after her husband passed away. In an TV interview related to the incident, Bhojan-mata claimed that she is being made a scapegoat and being targeted only because she belongs to a backward caste. This created a political storm in the state. Opposition parties picked up the issue of social discrimination and started state-wide protest demanding justice for the bhojan-mata. The protest found resonance with masses and the ruling party was severely criticized. To win back the confidence of the public, the government has constituted a commission to investigate the matter in an impartial manner. You are a joint secretary level officer and have been appointed as a member of the commission. During the investigation, you found that bhojan-mata was indeed not at fault. It was the contractor who was supplying poor quality raw materials to the school that caused the food poisoning in children. You also found that the food contractor was the brother of a powerful cabinet minister. You suspect that the district administration was hand-in-glove with the contractor and they connived to implicate bhojan-mata and exonerate the contractor. You brought these findings before the head of the commission. To your surprise, the head of the commission informs you that he was already aware of these facts. He informs you that the minister has asked him to make a report that vindicates the bhojan-mata and reinstates her in order to subdue the opposition led agitations. He asks you to find someone else who can be blamed to ensure that the government is able to save its face as declaring the brother of a sitting cabinet minister responsible would push the government further in trouble. He also tells you that helping the ruling dispensation would ultimately help you, subtly giving hints of getting a 'plum posting' and also warns you that going against the wish of the minister can attract the wrath of the minister that can be disastrous for your career.\n1) What are the various ethical dilemmas that you face in this situation?\n2) What are the different courses of action that you can take? Identify the most suitable course of action and justify your choice.","20","20"],[40,"1) 1) इस स्थिति में आप किन विभिन्न नैतिक दुविधाओं का सामना करते हैं?\n2) कार्रवाई के विभिन्न कदम क्या हैं जो आप ले सकते हैं? कार्रवाई के सबसे उपयुक्त कदम की पहचान करें और अपनी पसंद का औचित्य साबित करें।","20 अंक","250 शब्द"],[44,"Q.10 On the basis of this case, answer the following questions:\n1) What are the various ethical issues involved in this case?\n2) Do you think Rashmi is justified in demanding a permanent government job?\n3) Do you think the government is justified in terminating the contracts of corona warriors?\n4) Consider yourself in the position of Health secretary in the concerned state. What would you do to address the issue at hand?","20","20"],[45,"1) इस मामले में शामिल विभिन्न नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं?\n2) क्या आपको लगता है कि रश्मि का स्थायी सरकारी नौकरी की मांग करना जायज है?\n3) क्या आपको लगता है कि सरकार का कोरोना योद्धाओं के ठेके खत्म करना जायज है?\n4) अपने आप को संबंधित राज्य में स्वास्थ्य सचिव के पद पर विचार करें। मौजूदा मुद्दे को हल करने के लिए आप क्या करेंगे?","20 अंक","250 शब्द"],[49,"Q.11 On the basis of this case study answer the following questions:\n1) Why do caste-based discriminations still persist even after 75 years of independence?\n2) Examine the various ethical issues involved in this case.\n3) Identify various stakeholders and their responsibilities for creating an egalitarian society.","20","250"],[50,"1) Reasons for persistance of caste-based discrimination","",""],[54,"Q.12) You are a mutual friend of Jayant and Sarita. One day you received a call from a distressed Jayant and he asks you for your advice on this issue.\n1) Help Jayant identify different options available with him to cope with the crisis? Discuss the merits and demerits of each of these options.\n2) As a mutual friend, what advice would you give to Jayant and Sarita in this case so that they can return back to being a happy couple?\n3) How can Jayant develop the qualities that are required to handle such crisis situations in life?","20","250"],[55,"1) संकट से निपटने के लिए जयंत के पास उपलब्ध विभिन्न विकल्पों की पहचान करने में मदद करें? इनमें से प्रत्येक विकल्प के गुण-दोषों की विवेचना कीजिए।\n2) एक पारस्परिक मित्र के रूप में, आप इस मामले में जयंत और सरिता को क्या सलाह देंगे ताकि वे एक खुशहाल दंपति के रूप में वापस आ सकें?\n3) जयंत जीवन में ऐसी संकट स्थितियों को संभालने के लिए आवश्यक गुणों को कैसे विकसित कर सकता है?","20 अंक","20 अंक"]]},{"i":1008,"t":"Muskan Dagar","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1AF-GftnbJ8p6MaaOb3uPTID8KlixkCdA/view","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) Ethical governance is the foundation of a welfare state. Identify essential ethical traits of a welfare state. Discuss ways and means to promote ethics in governance.","10","150"],[5,"b) While one group considers abortion as unmitigated evil, the other sees it as morally acceptable. Analyse various ethical concerns related to abortion and give your opinion on the issue.","10","150"],[7,"Q.2) a) Conscience keeps ethics from fading when faced with a tough decision. Discuss in context of civil servants.","10","150"],[9,"b) What are the various conflicts of values that civil servants face while performing their duty? How can such conflicts be resolved? Discuss with illustrations.","10","150"],[11,"Q.3) a) Emotional intelligence (EI) not only helps in managing stress but also transforms distress into eustress. Elaborate with relevant examples.","10","150"],[13,"b) Differentiate between the following:\ni. Gratitude and Gratification\nii. Moral myopia vs Moral muteness","10","150"],[15,"Q.4) a) Although attitude and behaviour are interrelated, the former is a predisposition while the latter is an option. Discuss the structure of attitude and explain the relationship between attitude and behaviour.","10","150"],[17,"b) Civil servants should work for a cause and not for applause. In light of this statement, examine why bureaucratic anonymity is considered a foundational value for a civil servant. How far do you agree that the principle of bureaucratic anonymity has been diluted in the age of social media?","10","150"],[19,"Q.5 What does each of the following quotation mean to you?\na) A man can give up a right, but he may not give up a duty without being guilty of a grave dereliction.","10","150"],[21,"b) Justice without force is futile, force without justice is tyrannical.","10","150"],[23,"Q.6) a) Ethics in international relations is a myth, only national interest determines the foreign policy. How far do you agree with this statement? Discuss with suitable illustrations.","10","150"],[25,"b) It is not power, but fear that corrupts. Fear of losing power corrupts those who wield it and fear of the scourge of power corrupts those who are subject to it. Examine the statement in context of political corruption.","10","150"],[27,"c) Education is the kindling of a flame, not the filling of a vessel. What do you understand by this statement? In your opinion, which five values should Indian education system inculcate in every student? Justify your choice.","10","150"],[29,"Q.7) Based on this case study, answer the following:\na) Identify various ethical issues involved in this incident.\nb) In your opinion, whether vaccine mandates are a violation of individual liberty or a reasonable restriction on personal freedom. Justify.\nc) Discuss the ethical responsibility of famous personalities while conducting themselves in public.","20","20"],[30,"इस केस स्टडी के आधार पर, निम्नलिखित के उत्तर दें :\na) इस घटना में शामिल विभिन्न नैतिक मुद्दों को पहचान करें।\nb) आपकी राय में क्या वैक्सीन अधिदेश व्यक्तिगत स्वतंत्रता का उल्लंघन है या व्यक्तिगत स्वतंत्रता पर उचित प्रतिबंध है। उचित सिद्ध करें।\nc) सार्वजनिक रूप से स्वयं का संचालन करते समय प्रसिद्ध व्यक्तियों की नैतिक जिम्मेदारी पर चर्चा करें।","20 अंक","250 शब्द"],[31,"B) Vaccines mandates as violation of individual liberty\n1) Health based decisions very personal\n2) Infringement on right to choose\n3) Infringement on right to bodily autonomy\n4) Restrictions on movement - against fundamental right to movement (Art. 19)\n5) Can be discriminatory against sections that can't avail vaccines\n6) Doesn't consider religious sentiments\n7) Doesn't consider underlying health conditions\n8) Imposes blanket restrictions","",""],[34,"Q.8) You are an IFS officer who heads a diplomatic mission in a European country. You live there with your wife and children. Your parents and few of your relatives are also visiting you for vacation. The country is known for its scenic mountains and it is a popular destination for tourists. In an unexpected turn of events, the country in which you are posted has been attacked by its neighbour due to some unresolved bilateral issues. All the major transportation channels have been adversely impacted by the attack. Flights have been cancelled and airspace above the country has been declared unsafe for commercial aircrafts. You have received an urgent communication from New Delhi asking you to prepare a plan for evacuation of Indians from the besieged country. You have been informed that a friendly neighbouring country of India has sought India's help to evacuate its citizens. Due to war, only a limited number of people can be evacuated in one go and multiple rounds would be required for evacuating everyone. You have identified following groups of people who are to be evacuated:\ni. You, your wife, children, parents and relatives.\nii. Diplomatic staff at the mission.\niii. Indian tourists visiting the country.\niv. Indian students studying in the country.\nv. A film crew and actors who were shooting a film in the country. These include some of the biggest names of Bollywood.\nvi. Citizens of the friendly neighbouring country that has requested India's help.","20","250"],[39,"Q.9 Rashmi is a young IPS officer who is posted as the SP law and order in a district that has a history of communal clashes. During a cultural event, a political leader made certain controversial comments regarding the religion of another community that can potentially harm communal harmony in the district. The representatives of the aggrieved community met Rashmi with their complaint. An FIR was registered in the matter and the police department promptly started an investigation. During questioning, the accused political leader denied the charges. He claimed that he was exercising his right to freedom of expression and had no intention of hurting anyone's feelings. He even offered to tender an apology if his statement had hurt someone's religious feelings. However, the aggrieved community was not satisfied with this apology and demanded strict action against the accused.\n\nThe next day, a video went viral on social media in which the accused political leader can be seen making derogatory statements against another religious faith. However, Rashmi suspects that the video going viral on the internet is a doctored video and someone has mischievously edited it to make it more vitriolic and inflammatory. The video has ignited communal tensions in the district. The accused political leader belongs to an influential community and his community has put their support behind him. Local intelligence has warned that some anti-social elements are trying to use this opportunity to create communal riot in the district. The entire matter has been politicized and is being covered by the national media. In this situation answer the following:\na) What differentiates a hate speech from a free speech?\nb) Why does social media have a very strong influence over the actions and thoughts of its users?\nc) What is the most suitable course of action for Rashmi in this situation? Justify.","20","250"],[41,"b) factors behind strong influence of Social Media","",""],[44,"Q.10) You are the Chairperson of this committee. In this scenario, answer the following:\na) Why do doctors face violence in the country?\nb) Identify various moral-ethical and administrative lapses in this case.\nc) What would you recommend in this case? Give rationale behind giving those recommendations.","20","250"],[45,"a), b), c) a) देश में डॉक्टरों को हिंसा का सामना क्यों करना पड़ता है?\nb) इस मामले में विभिन्न नैतिक-नीति विषयक और प्रशासनिक खामियों को पहचान करें।\nc) इस मामले में आप क्या सुझाव देंगे? उन सुझावों को देने के पीछे तर्क दीजिए।","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[49,"Q.11 On the basis of above case study, answer the following:\na) Identify various ethical dilemmas involved in this case study.\nb) What can be the other options to achieve justice in the given case, apart from demolition of the illegal towers? Evaluate each of these options and suggest the most suitable option.","20","250"],[54,"Q.12) Lithium is emerging as the new gold in the modern world. It is used extensively in making rechargeable batteries that are used across phones, laptops, electric vehicles etc. As the world is transitioning towards clean energy, demand for lithium is rising exponentially. India is dependent on imports for her lithium needs. Recently, a large lithium deposit has been found during a geological survey in Central India. According to initial estimates, the reserve is large enough to not only fulfill domestic requirements but also leave enough surplus for India to export lithium to other countries. The news of this discovery is covered by national media. This reserve can provide much needed impetus to adoption and development of green energy technologies in the country. Many prominent union ministers have expressed their desire for timely development of lithium mines and claimed that this discovery to be an outcome of their far-sighted governance and development model.\n\nAmit is a senior government official who has been appointed as project development officer for this mining project. During initial assessment of the project, Amit found that the discovered reserve lies inside a forest inhabited by tribals. This is a pristine forest, hitherto untouched by humans, other than indigenous tribal communities. This forest hosts a wide variety of flora and fauna, many of which are endemic. Further, the lithium reserve lies at the foothill of a hillock. This hillock has a small shrine where the deity worshipped by the tribals is located. Lithium mining in this area would mean destruction of forest, blasting of the mountain where shrine of the tribal deity is located and displacement of tribals. The tribal population is against this mining project. They consider this project as an assault on their way of life and culture. Intelligence report suggests that if these tribals are forcefully displaced and their shrine destroyed, they can become easy targets for the Naxal indoctrination and create a security nightmare for the state. On the other hand, Amit is facing political pressure for execution of this project and has been repeatedly reminded that not only this project is of national importance but also can be a stepping stone for his career.\n\nAmit is your colleague and a close friend. He asks you for your advice in this matter. Based on the described situation, help Amit identify various ethical dilemmas in this case. In your opinion, what is the most suitable course of action for Amit? Justify your choice.","20","250"],[55,"अमित आपके सहयोगी और करीबी दोस्त हैं। वह आपसे इस मामले में आपकी सलाह मांगते हैं। वर्णित स्थिति के आधार पर, अमित को इस मामले में विभिन्न नैतिक दुविधाओं की पहचान करने में मदद करें। आपकी राय में, अमित के लिए कार्रवाई का सबसे उपयुक्त तरीका क्या है? अपने विकल्प का औचित्य सिद्ध करें।","20 अंक","250 शब्द"],[59,"1 What can I change to complete test within time?","",""]]},{"i":533,"t":"Muskan Srivastava","c":"Nextias","p":"Essay","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/4/essay-test-1-muskan-1745478509875.pdf","q":[[7,"Write two essays, choosing one topic from each of the Sections A and B, in about 1000-1200 words each:\nQ.1 If it costs you your peace, it is too expensive.\nQ.2 In the flood of data, the thirst still remains.\nQ.3 A star has to burn to give light to others but that's what stars are meant for.\nQ.4 The ultimate measure of a man is not where he stands in moments of comfort and convenience, but where he stands at times of challenge and controversy.\nQ.5 Civilization begins with order, grows with liberty, and dies with chaos.\nQ.6 A single drop never feels responsible for the flood.\nQ.7 Never does nature say one thing and wisdom another.\nQ.8 Present demonstrates the lessons of history, albeit the hardway.","125×2=250","1000-1200 words each"]]},{"i":534,"t":"Muthuarasi M","c":"Forumias","p":"GS1","y":2025,"r":225,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/MUTHUARASI-M-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-225-Sample-MGP-1.pdf","q":[[5,"Q.2) How does the study of numismatics contribute to the unraveling of India's history? Explain with suitable examples.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) Buddha's teachings can help in understanding and resolving the problems of today's society. Do you agree? Justify your answer.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4 Examine the essential principles of the Subsidiary Alliance system. Assess its contribution in making the British the paramount authority in India.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5 \"Without the participation and contributions of women, the Indian national movement could not have achieved the successes it did.\" In this perspective, analyze the role of women in the Indian national movement.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) How did the British education policy in colonial India fuel the rise of Indian nationalism instead of achieving its intended purpose of perpetuating Indian subjugation?","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) \"The attainment of political independence in 1947 was a watershed moment in Indian history, but it did not mean an end to the struggles for economic and cultural freedom.\" Discuss.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) The Aspirational Blocks Programme, built upon the success of the Aspirational Districts Programme, can help in achieving the twin objectives of enabling balanced growth and checking stressed migration. Comment.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9 \"Poverty has a woman's face.\" What do you understand by 'feminization of poverty'? What role can women empowerment play in poverty reduction?","10","150"],[21,"Q.10) Digital technologies can play a significant role in bridging the gender gap in India; however, it is mired in its own set of challenges. Discuss.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11) When it comes to Indian culture, few symbols are as enduring and ubiquitous as the elephant and the lotus. Elaborate this statement with examples.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12 Dravidian temple architecture can be seen as a continuum that, though strengthened during the period of the Pallavas, reached its pinnacle during the reign of the Cholas. Discuss.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 Examine the causes that led to tribal unrest during British rule in India. Analyse the reasons for their limited success.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 \"The changing nature of revolutionary extremism in the Indian national movement reflected a broader shift in political consciousness.\" Substantiate.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 Analyse the significance of the Civil Disobedience Movement in India's freedom struggle, considering its extent, reach, and revolutionary zeal.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16) While the Emergency of 1975 was touted as seminal for national security and unity by some, the critics paint it as the darkest phase of Post Independent India. Discuss. What insights and lessons did emergency provide for the country?","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 \"The Great Depression led to the rise of radical politics and the emergence of new forms of government intervention in the economy.\" Comment.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18) The Arab-Israeli conflict should be understood as a product of both internal dynamics and the outcome of manipulative strategies employed by imperial powers. Comment.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 How do unplanned urbanization and unabated rural-urban migration contribute to the multiple woes faced by Indian metropolises?","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 Castelessness is a privilege that only a few can afford whose caste privilege has already translated into social, political, and economic capital. Comment.","15","250"]]},{"i":535,"t":"Muthuarasi M","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2025,"r":225,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/MUTHUARASI-M-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-225-Sample-MGP-2.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1 To what extent, in your opinion, Self-Help Groups (SHGs) in India have enabled women led development at the grassroot level?","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Narrow understanding of disability has marginalised people suffering from mental disorders. Elucidate.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission (ABDM) addresses the need for interoperability in health services through a unified health interface. Elaborate its significance in digitising the health care ecosystem.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) Asses the relevance of lateral entry in civil services in making the governance structure more effective, efficient, and people oriented.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5 Objectives of a welfare government remains incomplete without a progressive ecosystem for the children's development. Discuss with special emphasis to recently passed Juvenile Justice Amendment Act, 2021.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) Decriminalization of homosexuality by the SC in Navtej Singh Jauhar case remains a task half done, specially without the socio-political sensitisation about the issues faced by LGBTQIA+ community. Elaborate in light of ongoing debates on same sex marriage.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) India's \"balancing act\" in the ongoing Ukraine crisis is borne out of mature strategic thinking rather than mere necessities. Explain.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) What do you understand by Non-Aligned-Movement (NAM)? Is India's foreign policy still guided by the principles of non-Alignment? Justify.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9) Built upon common democratic values and shared vision of strategic autonomy, India-France bilateral ties exude a promise of stability, growth, and security in a time of geo-political flux and uncertainty. Do you agree? Substantiate your answer.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10) As an important attribute of soft power, \"Knowledge diplomacy\" has the potential to further various objectives of foreign policy. Explain.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11) The profound impact of the data revolution and widespread smartphone usage has necessitated the use of digital tools in welfare programmes. Discuss.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12 The critical reason for poor public health indicators in India goes beyond recognition of right to health as fundamental right. Do you think that a statutory framework alone can ameliorate the situation?","15","250"],[29,"Q.13) Reforming the education infrastructure through digital interventions is a progressive step, but it has its limitations too. Comment.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14) The unique attributes and strengths of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and the government make them complimentary to one another in the governance and developmental process. Comment. Evaluate the need for effective and progressive regulation of the NGOs.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 How far have Forest Rights Act, 2006 and PESA Act, 1996 been successful in attaining their desired objectives? What needs to be done to improve their implementation on ground?","15","250"],[38,"Q.16) Enduring effects of the COVID-19 pandemic have exacerbated existing issues of poverty and hunger. Explain.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 Instability in its neighbourhood combined with displacement and humanitarian crisis don't augur well for India's interest in the region. Elucidate.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18) The new cold war between the USA and China may have the effect of casting a long shadow on India's strategic interests from Pacific to Atlantic. Evaluate.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 For creation of a stable, peaceful and prosperous multipolar order, UN Security Council (UNSC) reforms are an urgent imperative. Examine the statement and present a case for India's permanent membership in UNSC.","15","15"],[50,"Q.20 Presidency of G20 is but a reflection of India's quest for a more just and polycentric world order, where the voice of the global south is mainstreamed not muzzled. Elucidate.","15","250"]]},{"i":536,"t":"Muthuarasi M","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2025,"r":225,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/MUTHUARASI-M-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-225-Sample-MGP-3.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) Basic structure doctrine has prevented the Parliament, a creature of the constitution, from becoming the master of the constitution. Discuss this statement with the help of relevant case laws.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) The power of pressure groups lies not in their size or elaborate organization, but in their ability to mobilize public opinion and create lasting change. With help of relevant examples, discuss how informal pressure groups shape public policy.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) Analyse the reasons for degeneration of parliamentary functioning in recent time. Also, suggest measure to make the parliament more productive.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) Subordination of investigative agencies to the executive is fraught with disastrous consequences. Discuss the statement in light of the criticism of the Central Bureau of Investigation as a \"caged parrot\".","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) The Election Commission of India has a vital role in building a robust framework of electoral democracy. Highlighting challenges associated with the functioning of ECI, suggest measures to reform the body.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) Anti-defection law has failed to address and resolve the evil of political defection satisfactorily. Discuss various issues surrounding the Anti-defection law and recommend some corrective measures.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) What do you mean by 'doctrine of essentiality'? How has judiciary used this doctrine to address conflict between various fundamental rights? Explain with examples.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) Frequent reliance on the ordinance making power by the government, not only dilutes the basic tenets of executive accountability in a parliamentary democracy, but also overlooks the democratic traditions of building consensus. Discuss with relevant examples.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9) \"Bail not Jail\" is the cardinal principle that upholds the sacrosanct ideas of individual's liberty and dignity. Explain the statement, citing various case laws.","10","150"],[21,"Q10 Dispute redressal is the most important component of cooperative federalism. How does the Interstate Council facilitate the resolution of disputes related to states in India, and what are the challenges associated with this process?","10","150"],[23,"Q.11 Despite its vital role for the smooth functioning of the body politic, constitutional punctuality remains conspicuous by its absence. Discuss.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12 Electoral bond was brought in as a reform that was high on intent but has proved to be low on substance. Do you agree? Justify.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 Considering the non-enforceable nature of fundamental duties and directive principles of state policy, critically examine their impact in socio-political norms.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14) Referring to the case laws through which the collegium system in India evolved, critically assess its functioning.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 Democracy thrives on disagreements; critical and dissenting voices make a society vibrant. In your opinion, do limitations on hate speech infringe right to freedom of speech and expression? Discuss how hate speech impacts the society and ways to restrain it.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16 Why is it important to ensure separation of powers between various organs of the State? Also, explain Indian model of separation of power with relevant provisions in the constitution.","15","250"],[41,"Q17 What do you understand by the First Past the Post System (FPPS)? Why was FPPS preferred over the Proportional Representation (PR) system for elections to the Lok Sabha/Vidhan Sabha? Also, critically examine the consequences of this preference.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 Compare the position of the Speaker in Indian and British parliamentary system? Also, discuss various controversies related to functioning of Office of Speaker in Indian context and suggest corresponding reforms.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 Why was parliamentary form of government adopted for independent India? Do you agree with the opinion that Indian government is increasingly transitioning towards presidential form? Justify.","15","250"],[50,"Q-20 The Representation of People's Act, the bedrock of free and fair elections in the country, has failed to keep pace with the contemporary challenges. Highlighting the shortcomings in the legislation, suggest reforms to make it more effective.","15","250"]]},{"i":537,"t":"Nabiya","c":"Forumias","p":"GS3","y":2025,"r":29,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/NABIYA-PARVEZ-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-29-Sample-MGP-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1 Explain the significance of the recent changes made to the Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) with respect to labour market data estimation in the country.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Discuss the implications of the rising trend of protectionism and tariff wars in global trade for India's macroeconomic stability.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3 \"Genome-edited crops have the potential to strengthen food and nutritional security in the country.\" Examine.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) Assess the role of Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY) in expanding irrigation coverage and improving on-farm water use efficiency.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5 Starlink, a satellite internet service provider, has recently been granted a license to operate in India. What is satellite internet? How does it work? What are its advantages and limitations?","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) What is a Geographical Indication (GI)? What are the legal frameworks governing it? How does it differ from a trademark? How can GI infringement be tackled?","10","150"],[15,"Q.7 What are the salient features of Mission Mausam launched by the Government of India? Why is such a mission needed? What are the likely challenges in its effective implementation?","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) Highlight the key provisions of the Disaster Management (Amendment) Act, 2025. How would the amendment help strengthen the disaster management framework in the country?","10","150"],[19,"Q.9) 'Operation Sindoor' signals a strategic evolution in India's approach to cross-border terrorism. Analyze.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10 'Cyberspace has emerged as a distinct domain of warfare, posing serious threats to national security.' Discuss this statement and suggest counter-measures.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11 What are the key objectives of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC), 2016? To what extent has it been successful in achieving them?","15","250"],[26,"Q.12 Despite phenomenal growth in recent years, India's startup ecosystem lags in innovation across strategic sectors. Identify the factors responsible for this inadequate focus on deep-tech and suggest strategies to bridge this gap.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13) What is floriculture? How is it helpful in enhancing farm income and boosting agri-exports?","15","250"],[31,"3 International demand can be met which help to export promotion (Eg) waterlily, Blue vanda","",""],[32,"Q.14 “Women play a crucial role in Indian agriculture, yet continue to face systemic exclusion.” Discuss with reference to land ownership, access to credit, and agri-extension services. What initiatives has the government taken in this regard?","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 Launched on 25th June 2025, the Axiom-4 (Ax-04) mission has been much in the news since then. What are the key features of the mission? What significance does it hold for the Gaganyaan project and India's long-term space ambitions?","15","250"],[38,"Q.16 Energy storage technology is one of the major components of renewable energy integration and decarbonization of world energy systems. Briefly discuss any three such technologies, citing their key merits and demerits.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 Global Pandemic Agreement (2025) recognizes the 'One Health' approach as critical to pandemic prevention, preparedness, and response. Highlight the key features of the agreement, and elaborate on how the One Health approach can help in preventing future pandemics. What steps are needed to integrate this approach into India's environmental and health governance?","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 The frequency and intensity of heatwaves, particularly in urban centres, have increased in recent years. Describe the various causes and effects of heatwaves. What policies and frameworks have been adopted in India towards extreme heat risk management?","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 Discuss how emerging technologies and globalization contribute to terror financing. Elaborate measures to tackle the menace of terror financing both at national and international levels.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 Explain the key components of the National Policy and Action Plan (2015) that have contributed to the significant decline of Left-Wing Extremism (LWE). What additional steps would you suggest to eliminate LWE in the near future?","15","250"]]},{"i":538,"t":"Nabiya Parvez","c":"Forumias","p":"Essay","y":2025,"r":29,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/NABIYA-PARVEZ-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-29-Sample-Essay-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"1. True leadership lies in serving not ruling.\n2. Democracy is not just the right to vote, it is the right to live in dignity.\n3. Growing regional aspirations and demand for greater autonomy: A challenge to Indian federalism.\n4. The ballot is stronger than the bullet.","",""],[16,"1. The great aim of education is not knowledge but action.\n2. The global south must redefine development through cooperation and justice.\n3. There is no health without mental health.\n4. If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich.","",""],[18,"What is the aim of Education then?","",""],[19,"The greatest aim of education : Turn the knowledge into Action","",""]]},{"i":539,"t":"Nancy Singh","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2025,"r":34,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/NANCY-SINGH-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-34-Sample-MGP-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) \"The Indian Constitution is a carbon copy of the Government of India Act, 1935.\" Comment.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Explain the concept of residuary powers under the Indian Constitution. Why were they vested in the Parliament?","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) \"The expansive interpretation of Article 21 by the judiciary reflects its transformative role in safeguarding not just life, but also various facets of human well-being.\" Elucidate this statement with the help of relevant case laws.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) Why were the Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) made non-justiciable despite being fundamental to the governance of the country?","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) Under what circumstances can the Financial Emergency be imposed by the President? What consequences follow when such a declaration remains in force?","10","150"],[13,"Q.6 The Indian Constitution does not follow the doctrine of separation of powers in its strictest sense; instead, it adopts a model based on 'checks and balances'. Elucidate.","15","250"],[16,"Q.7 What are the essential conditions for the exercise of the legislative powers by the President? Also discuss the legality of re-promulgation of ordinances without legislative scrutiny.","15","250"],[19,"Q.8) Right to freedom of speech and expression in India is both broad in interpretation and conditional in application. Discuss.","15","250"],[22,"Q.9 Discuss the reasons for the limited success of Panchayati Raj Institutions in India. Also, recommend measures to strengthen the functioning of these institutions.","15","250"],[25,"Q.10) While the Inter-State Council holds considerable potential for addressing federal disputes, this potential remains largely unrealized. Analyze.","15","250"]]},{"i":542,"t":"Nancy Singh","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2025,"r":34,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/NANCY-SINGH-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-34-Sample-MGP-Copy-4.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) The Lokpal Act aimed to establish an institution that would act as a deterrent against corruption. However, the actual impact of the Lokpal has fallen short of expectations. Assess the reasons behind the underwhelming performance of the Lokpal and propose strategies to strengthen its functioning.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) The transfer of judicial powers to quasi-judicial bodies has raised concerns regarding the creation of a parallel justice delivery system through tribunalization of justice. In this perspective, examine the benefits and drawbacks of empowering quasi-judicial bodies with judicial powers.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3 Simultaneous elections can promote governance continuity and reduce election-related expenditure. However, the idea must be carefully examined to ensure equal opportunities for all parties, preserve federal principles, and maintain the essence of democratic representation. Discuss.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) Is the National Commission for Protection of Child Rights (NCPCR) able to tackle the threats to the rights of children in India? Examine.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5 \"The Attorney General of India holds a pivotal position in the legal system and represents the interests of the government.\" Explain how this is reflected in the method and terms of appointment as well as the scope of her powers and responsibilities.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6 Describe the legal and administrative powers vested in the Election Commission to conduct elections. Assess the effectiveness of the ECI in exercising its powers independently and impartially, and suggest reforms to strengthen its functioning.","15","250"],[16,"Q.7 Examine the mandate and powers of the National Commission for Scheduled Castes (NCSC) in protecting the rights and interests of Scheduled Castes. Also enumerate the challenges faced by the NCSC in fulfilling its responsibilities.","15","250"],[19,"Q.8 Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the first-past-the-post (FPTP) system in ensuring a representative polity. Can a move towards a proportional electoral system address the limitations of the first-past-the-post system?","15","250"],[22,"Q.9 The Finance Commission serves as the balancing wheel of fiscal federalism, but despite its efforts to widen the share of states in the divisible pool of taxes, the struggle for financial resources between the center and states has only intensified. Analyse the factors contributing to this paradox and its implications for fiscal federalism in India.","15","250"],[25,"Q.10 While decriminalization of politics is crucial, it is equally important to balance it with principles of justice, fairness, and the presumption of innocence to ensure the elimination of any doubt regarding political persecution of the opposition. In this perspective, discuss the necessity of decriminalization of politics and the challenges therein. Also assess the role of judiciary in furthering the cause of clean politics.","15","250"],[29,"When must you seek mentorship?","",""]]},{"i":540,"t":"Nancy Singh","c":"Forumias","p":"GS3","y":2025,"r":34,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/NANCY-SINGH-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-34-Sample-MGP-Copy-2.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1 Though vital of its own accord, economic growth is but a brick in the edifice of inclusive growth. Comment.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Highlighting the importance of green growth, discuss various measures to promote the same.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) What do you mean by \"outcome budget\"? Evaluating its utility, throw light upon its status in the country.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) Even though e-commerce sector is decentralizing global business environment, its potential is marred by several factors. Discuss and analyze the role of Open Network Digital Commerce (ONDC) in effectively countering these factors.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) Domestic demand has been the north star of India's economic growth; however, the target of achieving a five trillion USD economy requires holistic growth across various parameters. Comment.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) The inflation in the economy is fueled by a multitude of factors and leaves wide-ranging socio-economic impact. Analyze.","15","250"],[16,"Q.7 Lack of enough jobs is only one part of the employment challenge of the Indian economy, which cannot be resolved without addressing the lack of skills. Examine.","15","250"],[17,"WHY LACK OF SKILLS?","",""],[19,"Q.8 Limiting the country's fiscal deficit is a cherished goal, but the progress towards it is full of hurdles. In this perspective, evaluate the effectiveness of India's fiscal consolidation framework. Also examine the role of a fiscal council in enforcing fiscal discipline.","15","250"],[22,"Q.9 Critically evaluate the performance of Goods and Services Tax (GST) as a much-talked about measure for fiscal reform.","15","250"],[25,"Q.10 Assess the present computational methodology for Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in measuring economic activity in India. Do you think GDP is a good measure of development of a country?","15","250"]]},{"i":541,"t":"Nancy Singh","c":"Forumias","p":"GS3","y":2025,"r":34,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/NANCY-SINGH-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-34-Sample-MGP-Copy-3.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) How does livestock rearing contribute to India's agricultural and economic landscape. Elaborating the key government initiatives for the growth and development of the sector, discuss the successes and limitations of livestock rearing in India.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) The Green Revolution, with its focus on land productivity, created a crisis for water productivity, leading to the situation of water stress in farming. In this perspective, suggest measures to make agriculture sustainable and future-ready.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3 Analysing various issues associated with farm subsidies, suggest ways to rationalise the same.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) Agriculture sector needs to turn into an enterprise to become sustainable; ICT interventions are the key to this transformation. Comment.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5 What is regenerative agriculture? How is it helpful in addressing the issues of agriculture?","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) Discuss the multifaceted significance of the fisheries sector and the challenges faced by it.","15","250"],[16,"Q.7 Describe the functioning of the Public Distribution System (PDS) in India. To what extent are the issues in PDS a result of the problems in Food Corporation of India?","15","250"],[19,"Q.8) Why are TOP (tomato, onion, potato) crops susceptible to large price fluctuations? Elaborating upon the implications of inflation in horticulture crops, assess the role of Operation Greens in containing the same.","15","250"],[22,"Q.9 Adoption of millets can provide unique solutions to the problems of nutritional deficiency, ecological degradation, and receding farm incomes; however, the realisation of its complete potential is hindered by a slew of factors. Comment.","15","250"],[25,"Q.10) Why has the growth in the Food Processing Sector remained subpar in the country? What measures can be taken to break this status-quo?","15","250"]]},{"i":544,"t":"Nausheen","c":"Nextias","p":"GS1","y":null,"r":9,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/93393beb2b7e996905ce7ea7f8b78443/103/air-9-nausheen_test-5_gs1.pdf","q":[[6,"1. How did the ancient trade routes connecting India to foreign countries contribute to the exchange and dissemination of culture?","10","150"],[8,"2. The Quit India movement was a people's movement cutting across the class divides but it was the women's leadership that left a clear mark. Analyse.","10","150"],[10,"3. 'The hallmark of post-Independent India has been its remarkable strides in science and technology'. To what extent did scientific development during this period put India on the path of modernity?","10","150"],[12,"4. Discuss the feasibility of interlinking rivers to resolve the issue of water stress in other regions.","10","150"],[14,"5. How will the structural shift from coal-based power plants to renewable energy generation impact human development in coal-bearing states?","10","Answer in 150"],[16,"6. To what extent temperature and precipitation are the most important factors that determine soil properties?","10","150"],[18,"7. Why are severe and intense cyclones becoming a regular phenomenon in the Arabian Sea? Substantiate with examples.","10","150"],[20,"8. In the context of cultural diversity in India, can we consider Southern states as distinct cultural units in comparison to the rest of India? Substantiate your view.","10","150"],[22,"9. Poverty and population growth are locked in a vicious cycle, where poverty restricts individuals' ability to break free from the cycle, while population growth strains resources. Discuss.","10","150"],[24,"10. India has a rich heritage in the internationalization of education. In this context how will the recent push for the internationalization of education impact society and foster cultural exchange?","10","Answer in 150"],[26,"11. 'Although there were many differences between the Gandhara and Mathura art, they considerably influenced the Amravati school of art.' Elaborate.","15","Answer in 250"],[29,"12. 'England's Industrial Revolution not only transformed the economic landscape but also had far-reaching social and cultural impacts'. Discuss.","15","250"],[32,"13. How did the social reform and ideological struggle against the backward traditional elements and hegemony of colonial culture in the nineteenth century influence the emergence of a distinct cultural identity and national consciousness?","15","250"],[35,"14. How does temperature inversion affect atmospheric conditions and what are its implications for local weather patterns and air pollution levels?","15","250"],[38,"15. What are the geographical factors responsible for mangrove vegetation in India? How does climate change pose a threat to mangrove vegetation in India?","15","Answer in 250"],[41,"16. What are the geographical and economic factors that influence the location of the sugar industry, and how do they contribute to the growth of the industry in India and different parts of the world?","15","250"],[44,"17 What are the key strategies used in dryland farming to overcome water scarcity and maximize agricultural productivity in arid and semi-arid regions? Also, discuss the need to promote dryland farming in India.","15","250"],[47,"18 How has the contemporary women's movement encompassed diverse approaches beyond traditional methods? Also, highlight the unique contribution and challenges of the contemporary women's movement.","15","250"],[50,"19. Do you think that the forces of modernization that catalyzed the eradication of social evils in Indian society have also threatened our cultural values and ethos?","15","150"],[53,"20. In the context of states in India evaluate the relationship between regional disparity and sentiments of regionalism. Is regionalism antagonistic to the idea of nationalism?","15","Answer in 150"]]},{"i":545,"t":"Nausheen","c":"Nextias","p":"GS1","y":null,"r":9,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/93393beb2b7e996905ce7ea7f8b78443/104/air-9-nausheen_test-1_gs1.pdf","q":[[6,"Q.1 The fabric of Indian philosophical thought owes as much to Northern India as to Southern India. Elucidate.","10","Answer in 150"],[8,"Q.2 The Indian society's impulse for social change and reform was a response to its opposition to colonial rule. Examine.","10","150"],[10,"Q.3 What are the factors that led to the Russian revolution and what are the consequences of this revolution? Discuss its influence on the Indian national movement.","10","Answer in 150"],[12,"Q.4 Discuss the various factors responsible for the uneven temperature distribution on Earth's surface.","10","150"],[14,"Q.5 The melting of glaciers due to climate change has serious implications for the ecosystem and human society. Discuss the effects of melting glaciers on the environment and the measures that can be taken to address this issue.","10","150"],[16,"Q.6 The White Revolution was most successful in the Western part of India. Discuss the factors for this regional success of the White Revolution.","10","Answer in 150"],[18,"Q.7 To what extent does seismic investigation contribute to our understanding of the Earth's interior structure? Analyze its significance in detail.","10","Answer in 150"],[20,"Q.8 The pace of demographic transition varies across different states of India making population growth a double-edged sword. Comment.","10","Answer in 150"],[22,"Q.9 The ethnic and cultural diversity in India has always been bound by the thread of unity. Discuss the major factors that have contributed to the cultural unity of India.","10","Answer in 150"],[23,"Major factors that have contributed to unity in India","",""],[24,"Q.10 The dichotomy in public and private life in Indian society acts as a major barrier to the annihilation of caste. Justify.","10","Answer in 150"],[26,"Q.11 India was forced into numerous wars post Independence. Highlight the causes and impact of the Indo-Pak and Indo-China wars on our bilateral relationships.","15","250"],[29,"Q.12 The process of consolidation of Bengal, which started after the Battle of Plassey culminated in the Battle of Buxar. Do you think the Battle of Buxar was more important for the British than Plassey?","15","Answer in 250"],[32,"Q.13 Sanskrit literature in general and particularly in the Guptan age set a high watermark for the literary history of ancient India. Discuss.","15","250"],[35,"Q.14 The configuration of the ocean floor provides essential information about the geological processes that have shaped the Earth's surface. Discuss the major features of the ocean floor and their significance in the study of oceanography.","15","Answer in 250"],[38,"Q.15 With the growing demand for rare earth elements, their distribution has become a critical aspect of the global economy. Discuss the distribution of rare earth elements across the world, their uses, and the environmental impact of their extraction.","15","250"],[41,"Q.16 Tourism in the hilly states is threatening to exceed the ecological carrying capacity of the region. Analyze the factors contributing to this trend and evaluate the potential Environmental impacts of this phenomenon. What measures can be taken to ensure sustainable tourism in these states?","15","250"],[42,"Environmental impacts of the tourism phenomena:\n1 Growth of hotel industries, resorts etc. (eg.) In Kedarnath.\n2 Change in land-use pattern (eg.) Large scale deforestation.\n3 Creating connectivity for the tourists (eg.) unscientific road cutting.\n4 Supporting industries (eg.) Hydropower project of Tapovan-Vishnuyadh for electricity.\n5 Unregulated tourism (eg.) not fixing inbound tourist numbers.","",""],[44,"Q.17 The Indian monsoon is a complex phenomenon influenced by various climatic factors. Critically examine the role of oceanic and atmospheric factors in determining the intensity and distribution of monsoon rainfall in India.","15","250"],[47,"Q.18 Why do traditions in our society impede change? To what extent can social legislation be instrumental against old customary practices?","15","Answer in 250"],[50,"Q.19 Slums are not 'problems' that have to be 'solved' - but are indeed a result of lopsided and vested urban policies covering infrastructure provision and socio-economic issues. Analyse.","15","Answer in 250"],[53,"Q.20 Communalism gains strength from economic deprivation, and thrives in environments of social exclusion, creating fertile ground for discontent and division. Comment.","15","250"]]},{"i":549,"t":"Nausheen","c":"Nextias","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":9,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/93393beb2b7e996905ce7ea7f8b78443/97/air-9-nausheen_test-2_gs2.pdf","q":[[6,"Q.1 There is a need to resolve the ambiguity in the disqualification provisions under section 8 of the Representation of People Act 1951. Discuss.","10","150"],[8,"Q.2 Constitution is a mere skeleton whereas constitutionalism is the soul of democracy. Discuss.","10","150"],[10,"Q.3 \"Electoral bonds are a double-edged sword, providing anonymity to donors while raising concerns about transparency in political funding.\" To what extent have electoral bonds further legitimized opacity in electoral funding?","10","150"],[12,"Q.4 The question of gender equality is central to the debate on Uniform Civil Code. In this light what are the challenges in reconciling UCC with gender equality as enshrined in the constitution?","10","150"],[14,"Q.5 'The Governor's office is neither decorative nor inconsequential, it assumes a constitutional role of profound essence' To what extent does the Governor actively contribute to the governance of a state and reinforce the principles of federalism in the country?","10","150"],[15,"Extent to which Governor contributing to the governance and re-inforcing federalism","",""],[16,"Q.6 Recently demand has been rising in a state regarding the enactment of Social Accountability Law. How such a law can lead to good governance and boost citizens' participation in decision-making. Comment.","10","150"],[18,"Q.7 There is a need for convergence of 'nutrition-specific' and 'nutrition-sensitive' interventions to effectively tackle child undernutrition in India. Examine.","10","150"],[20,"Q.8 \"MGNREGA, the lynchpin of rural poverty alleviation, has become the victim of fiscal apathy\". Critically analyze the statement in light of recent developments.","10","150"],[22,"Q.9 \"India must leverage, if not manage, the global divides\" How can the current geopolitical churn pave the way for India's rise to the global high table?","10","150"],[24,"Q.10 \"Berlin can be India's gateway to the European Union.\" Elaborate with respect to Germany's significance in India's relationship with the EU.","10","150"],[26,"Q.11 How has the Anti-Defection Law impacted the relationship between political parties and individual legislators in India? In light of the recent incidents also discuss the unintended consequences it has on the functioning of democracy in India.","15","250"],[27,"4 If an independent member joins a political party\n Impact of Anti-Defection on relation of political parties and individual legislators","",""],[29,"Q.12 Critics assert that limitless judicial authority rests on the structural ambiguity of the basic structure doctrine. Has the elastic nature of the basic structure doctrine made the judiciary more powerful than the executive?","15","250"],[32,"Q.13 Fundamental rights are not gifts bestowed upon by the state rather an individual possesses them independently of the state. In this context discuss the desirability of reasonable restrictions on various fundamental rights.","15","Answer in 250"],[35,"Q.14 'S.R. Bommai v. Union of India signified a paradigm shift in the judicial interpretation of the union's authority to assume control of a state's administration.' In this context discuss the significance and impact of the judgement on cementing the federal structure.","15","250"],[38,"Q.15 The key to effective decentralization is 'political decentralization should follow finance and functional decentralization'. Discuss in the context of impediments faced by local governance in India.","15","250"],[41,"Q.16 Multi-stakeholder partnerships are the key to leveraging collective expertise and networks. How can effective partnership and localized implementation efforts be fostered to accelerate the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in India?","15","Answer in 250"],[44,"Q.17 How has the implementation of the POSH Act resulted in limited success in raising awareness about sexual harassment, and what factors have hindered its effective outreach to women employed in the unorganized sector? Propose strategies to bridge this gap and ensure comprehensive protection for women in the unorganized sector against workplace harassment.","15","Answer in 250"],[47,"Q.18 'Neo-liberal reforms and globalization have deeply transformed the institutions of the welfare state and set the ground for a new type of civil services.' In this context examine the challenges faced in service delivery and suggest adequate reforms.","15","250"],[50,"Q.19 China views India as its \"Asian Rival\" with an innate ability to counter its hegemonistic goals in Asia. Despite these difficulties in India-China relations, there are also many areas of convergence. Discuss.","15","250"],[53,"Q.20 Indo-Pacific region in recent times has emerged as a zone of diverging interests and priorities. Discuss. Do you think the Global Security Initiative will supersede QUAD in the region?","15","250"]]},{"i":550,"t":"Nausheen","c":"Nextias","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":9,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/93393beb2b7e996905ce7ea7f8b78443/99/air-9-nausheen_test-6_gs2.pdf","q":[[6,"1. Interstate border disputes, if not promptly and impartially settled, can transform into persistent issues that impede development and generate friction. Highlighting the constitutional and legal framework to resolve interstate disputes, explain why Independent India has failed to resolve inter-state border disputes.","10","150"],[8,"2. Examine the role of the Inter-state Council in promoting vertical (Centre-State) and horizontal (Inter-State) Intergovernmental cooperation and coordination.","10","150"],[10,"3. Discuss the key function of the Public Accounts Committee (PAC). What steps should be taken to revamp the Public Accounts Committee (PAC) in order to enhance its effectiveness as a true guardian of public funds?","10","150"],[12,"4. Recognizing the pivotal role of urbanization as a driver of national economic growth, the Fifteenth Finance Commission has suggested major reforms for Urban Local Bodies. Evaluate the recommendations put forward by the Fifteenth Finance Commission in promoting and revitalizing ULBs in India.","10","Answer in 150"],[14,"5. Highlight the key differences in the scope of Freedom of speech and expression as provided under Parliamentary privileges vis a vis Fundamental rights. Why is it necessary to maintain a balance between parliamentary privilege and fundamental rights?","10","150"],[16,"6. Civil society organizations play a pivotal role in fostering \"collective private action for the public good\". What challenges do they face in local resource mobilization (LRM) and corporate funding through corporate social responsibility (CSR)? Also, suggest measures.","10","150"],[18,"7. The first step to eradicating poverty is reliable poverty assessment for program design, implementation, and monitoring. In this context discuss the methodology and significance of NITI Aayog's National Multidimensional Poverty Index.","10","150"],[20,"8. In the context of India, despite the presence of constitutional provisions, legal precedents, and international commitments that establish a robust foundation for a right to health, why has there been a lack of explicit legal recognition of this right?","10","150"],[22,"9. The collective strength of BRICS nations allows for meaningful cooperation on myriad issues, however, the platform's ability to influence the trajectory of bilateral relationships remains limited. Do you agree?","10","150"],[24,"10. In light of the recent demands to amend the Indus Waters Treaty, discuss the possible implications it could have on the water-sharing mechanism between India and Pakistan.","10","150"],[26,"11. The doctrine of Parliamentary sovereignty and judicial supremacy has exerted considerable influence in shaping the constitutional frameworks of India and the USA. Citing relevant case laws discuss the role of the judiciary in influencing the constitutions in these countries. Is the scope of judicial review wider in India?","15","Answer in 250"],[29,"12. Delimitation of seats is essential to ensure fair representation and uphold the principles of one vote, one value. Highlighting the challenges posed by misrepresentation in constituencies analyze the ramifications of population-based delimitation in creating federal tension.","15","Answer in 250"],[32,"13. Discuss the role of the Supreme Court of India in strengthening the hands of the Election Commission in the discharge of its constitutional responsibility of conducting free and fair elections in the country.","15","250"],[35,"14. The declining role of Parliament undermines the fundamental principle of separation of powers, as it diminishes the legislature's ability to serve as a check on the executive branch and ensure a balanced exercise of power. Discuss.","15","Answer in 250"],[38,"3 Discussing major issues facing women and make recommendations to the government.","",""],[40,"16. 'Satisfactory and timely redressal of grievances is the cornerstone of minimum government, maximum governance.' In this context discuss the challenges associated with current grievance redress mechanisms and suggest measures to strengthen the process.","15","250"],[43,"17. 'Corruption corrodes the fabric of governance, eroding the public's faith in democratic institutions.' Examine the potential for harmonizing the Right to Information (RTI) Act, the Whistleblower Protection Act (WBPA), and the Lokpal & Lokayukta Act, 2013, to enhance the effectiveness of the anticorruption regime.","15","Answer in 250"],[46,"18. Analyze the potential challenges and benefits involved in leveraging SHGs as platforms for skill development, entrepreneurship, and income generation among marginalized communities to effectively counter poverty.","15","250"],[49,"19. India is uniquely positioned on the world map for its rich culture. In this context discuss the role of culture, diaspora, and democracy as instruments of India's soft power diplomacy. To what extent India has been able to position itself as a 'smart power'?","15","250"],[52,"20. The synergy of shared values and vibrant people-to-people connections between India and Australia creates a fertile ground for fostering long-lasting trade relations and strategic collaboration between the two nations. Analyse.","15","Answer in 250"]]},{"i":546,"t":"Nausheen","c":"Nextias","p":"GS3","y":null,"r":9,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/93393beb2b7e996905ce7ea7f8b78443/84/air-9-nausheen_test-7_gs3.pdf","q":[[6,"1 Elaborate on the difference between Capital Account and Current Account as components of Balance of Payment (BOP). Suggest a few measures to balance the BOP deficit of India.","10","Answer in 150"],[8,"2. The logistics sector is one of the important components of the growth of the manufacturing industry. Discuss. Also, mention various components of the recently announced National Logistics Policy 2022.","10","Answer in 150"],[10,"3. What is India's stand on the New Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies under WTO? How is the Fisheries sector significant for India? Enumerate the steps taken by the Government to develop this sector.","10","Answer in 150"],[12,"4. Analyze the systemic and institutional constraints that continue to hinder land reform efforts in India and propose pragmatic solutions to ensure equitable distribution of land.","10","150"],[14,"5. What are the unique features and capabilities of the BrahMos supersonic cruise missile and how has it contributed to India's defence capabilities and strategic position in the region?","10","150"],[16,"6. In line with the country's efforts to explore the depths of the ocean and harness the resources it holds, the Indian government has proposed a deep-sea exploration mission Samudrayaan. How can this mission contribute to the advancement of ocean science and technology in the country?","10","150"],[18,"7. What is Global Methane Pledge? Do you think the Global Methane Pledge is a positive step toward mitigating methane emissions? Explain India's stance on this issue.","10","Answer in 150"],[20,"8. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of disaster management in public health. Discuss the key strategies and challenges for managing pandemics and other infectious disease outbreaks.","10","150"],[22,"9. \"The resource curse of Eastern and Central India has been a crucial driver of LWE.\" Elaborate and suggest measures for sustainable and inclusive development of the region.","10","150"],[24,"10. In light of the declining trend of violence in the North East and J&K region do you think that AFSPA has lived its utility? Comment.","10","Answer in 150"],[26,"11. International trade is centred on the dominant currency paradigm (DCM). Critically Analyze the importance of Hard currency in International trade and Discuss the potential of rupee acceptance in global trade as an alternative to dollar imperialism.","15","250"],[29,"12. A demographic Dividend does not ensure growth; it only generates potential. Discuss the steps made by the government to take advantage of the opportunities presented by the demographic transition.","15","250"],[32,"13. \"Genome editing holds immense potential for crop improvement, but it also raises ethical and safety concerns\". How far do the new guidelines for the safety assessment of genome-edited plants in India, ensure the safety of genetically modified crops?","15","250"],[35,"14. Discuss the impact of direct and indirect farm subsidies on the agriculture sector in India. How have Minimum Support Prices (MSP) affected the agricultural economy?","15","Answer in 250"],[38,"15. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a rapidly escalating crisis that poses a grave threat to public health worldwide. What are the major contributing factors to the growing problem of antimicrobial resistance, and what steps can be taken to address this global health threat?","15","250"],[41,"16. What do you understand by Disruptive Innovations? What are some examples of disruptive innovation in recent times, and how have they changed the way industries operate?","15","Answer in 250"],[44,"17. Trace the evolution of the Loss and Damage fund. What are the major development related to loss and damage funds in COP 27? What are the commitments made by India in this conference?","15","Answer in 250"],[47,"18. Disaster management is not just about responding to emergencies but also about building resilient communities. Discuss the key strategies that can be used to build community resilience and reduce the impact of disasters.","15","Answer in 250"],[50,"19. The transformation of terrorism through the use of new and emerging technologies like metaverse and virtual assets is a matter of concern. How can we counter the Use of New and Emerging Technologies for Terrorist Purposes and Elucidate the importance of the \"Delhi declaration\" in this regard?","15","Answer in 250"],[53,"20. \"The Agripath scheme is a bitter pill needed for the resilience and efficacy of our armed forces.\" Critically Analyze the statement with relevant arguments.","15","Answer in 250"]]},{"i":547,"t":"Nausheen","c":"Nextias","p":"GS3","y":null,"r":9,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/93393beb2b7e996905ce7ea7f8b78443/92/air-9-nausheen_test-3_gs3.pdf","q":[[6,"Q.1 What do you understand by Windfall tax? Do you think that windfall taxes can effectively redistribute wealth and promote greater economic equality?","10","150"],[8,"Q.2 Discuss the perceived successes and challenges of implementing inflation targeting under the new Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) regime.","10","150"],[10,"Q.3 Assess the potential of millet production in promoting sustainable agriculture and improving food security in India.","10","150"],[12,"Q.4 Jal Jeevan Mission has the potential to end the regional disparity in the availability and accessibility of drinking water. Highlighting the significance of the mission, discuss the underlying impediments in achieving the desired objectives.","10","150"],[14,"Q.5 What do you understand by Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS)? Discuss its applications and how it can revolutionize the energy program of India.","10","Answer in 150"],[16,"Q.6 Discuss in brief developments and challenges in the Gaganyaan mission of ISRO. What are the possible benefits of the mission for the society?","10","Answer in 150"],[18,"Q.7 \"Green hydrogen can be the silver bullet in our quest to tackle climate change and pollution\". Critically analyze the statement in light of India's National Green Hydrogen mission.","10","150"],[20,"Q.8 What are the key lessons for disaster management and environmental conservation in the Himalayan region, in light of the recent disaster in Joshimath, Uttarakhand?","10","Answer in 150"],[22,"Q.9 \"The recent radical trends in Punjab show that the Khalistan issue is still simmering.\" Discuss the statement with respect to recent developments and suggest measures to handle it.","10","150"],[24,"Q.10 The anonymity and ease of drone operation contribute to the challenges of India's border security. Elaborate and give suggestions to tackle the drone problem in border areas.","10","Answer in 150"],[26,"Q.11 Electricity Amendment Bill, 2022 brings several advantages for consumers, DISCOMs as well as the environment. Elaborate. Also, list out its shortcomings and suggest some measures to overcome them.","15","250"],[29,"Q.12 Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) plays an important role in the regulation of the share market and safeguarding the interests of investors. In the light of given statement, highlight the challenges faced by the SEBI and suggest reforms in this regard.","15","250"],[32,"Q.13 Despite being a major contributor to the Indian economy, the agriculture sector is plagued by several constraints that impede its growth and development. Discuss the role of technology in overcoming these constraints.","15","Answer in 250"],[35,"Q.14 Evaluate the impact of irrigation on the environment and natural resources, and suggest measures to ensure the sustainability and equity of irrigation practices in agriculture.","15","Answer in 250"],[38,"Q.15 How India benefitted strategically from the contributions of Dr. Homi Jehangir Bhabha and Dr. Vikram Ambalal Sarabhai in the fields of atomic energy and space technology respectively?","15","Answer in 250"],[41,"Q.16 Generative AI holds the potential to push the boundaries of innovation in the near future, yet its societal impact raises substantial challenges. Elaborate.","15","Answer in 250"],[44,"Q.17 Explain the purpose of the \"Mangrove Alliance for Climate\" launched at the COP27 UN Climate Change Conference in Egypt in November 2022. Elaborate on the importance of mangroves in maintaining the coastal ecology of tropical nations.","15","Answer in 250"],[47,"Q.18 The Formation of the Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure brings more robustness to the Disaster Management approach in India. Comment and justify the need for a new strategy to tackle Disasters in India.","15","Answer in 250"],[50,"Q.19 The recent rise in ransomware attacks targeting critical infrastructure and major corporations has highlighted the urgent need for stronger cybersecurity measures and policies. Discussing the key factors contributing to this trend, analyze the impact of these attacks on various sectors.","15","Answer in 250"],[53,"Q.20 In the context of border security, how can cooperation and coordination between different security agencies be improved to ensure effective and efficient management of coastal and terrestrial borders?","15","250"]]},{"i":543,"t":"Nausheen","c":"Nextias","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":9,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/93393beb2b7e996905ce7ea7f8b78443/100/air-9-nausheen_test-4_gs4.pdf","q":[[6,"1 (a) Public service requires not merely legal but also morally principled action. Public service requires the public servant to place loyalty to the constitution, laws, and ethical principles. Among the three, which do you think must acquire primacy while carrying out official functions? Why? Discuss.","10","150"],[8,"1. (b) What do you understand by \"integrity-based civil disobedience\"? Do you think a challenge to personal integrity can be a justifiable cause for responsible disobedience in civil services? Explain.","10","150"],[10,"2. (a) Recent research has shown that emotions significantly impact personal and professional lives. What are the primary emotions that negatively and positively impact workplace productivity? Explain with relevant examples.","10","150"],[12,"2 (b) Technical efficiency ensures resource utilization and social efficiency ensures fulfillment of social needs, what does ethical efficiency ensure? Do you think ethical efficiency is more important than technical and social efficiency? Why/Why not?","10","150"],[14,"3. (a) \"Man cannot do right in one department of life whilst he is occupied in doing wrong in any other department.\" Gandhi.\nDo you think an individual's personal ethics impacts professional life or they both can be compartmentalized? Explain your position with relevant examples.","10","150"],[16,"3. (b) Goodness is the result of internal imperatives to do what is right, not sanctions from moral rules or rewards from expected consequences. Do you agree? Discuss.","10","150"],[18,"4 (a) Explain the meaning of the following quotations and discuss their contemporary relevance.\n(a) \"To tolerate is purely an act of the mind. That is the essence of virtue. To tolerate is a strength.\" (Answer in 150 words) 10 Marks","10","150"],[20,"4. (b) \"It is our first duty to serve society, and after we have done that, we may attend wholly to the salvation of our souls.\"","10","Answer in 150"],[22,"4. (c) \"Periods of peace are the empty pages in the history books\"","10","150"],[24,"5 (a) In the context of civil service, distinguish between moral and nonmoral values. Identify 5 basic moral values that can serve as foundational values for all services irrespective of the department. Give reasons why those values can be considered foundational.","10","150"],[26,"5. (b) Citizens' involvement in decision-making is critical to ethics in governance. Do you agree that effective civic engagement mechanisms can facilitate an ethics-driven administration? What do you think are the mechanisms that citizens can use for ensuring ethics in governance?","10","Answer in 150"],[28,"6. (a) Social transformation programs such as \"beti bachao and beti padhao\" believe in using advice, counseling, and persuasion but sometimes a little force is also necessary for getting the desired response. Do you think it is a good idea to mix little force with persuasion by public administrators while implementing social schemes of transformation? Explain with relevant examples.","10","150"],[30,"6. (b) Ultimately foreign policy of every country hinges upon the strength which the nation possesses. Strength may be military or financial and may be also...moral. Do you think ethical strength without military or financial muscle will be respected in today's world? Explain your position.","10","150"],[32,"7 You are a young officer working with the Municipal Corporation of an industrial city. The city was known for manufacturing ball bearings and auto parts. Most manufacturing units were small-scale units with very little production process automation. The units relied on manual labor, which was in abundance due to the villages close by.\nAs the number of manufacturing units grew, the demand for labor increased, bringing in a steady inflow of laborers into the city. This influx of people into the town led to a mushrooming of slums and encroachments on the sidewalks. Once in a while, the Corporation conducted drives to clear out the slums, but after a time, the slums came back. The illegal slums had become an urban nightmare.\nYou were given the responsibility of clearing out the encroachments and slums with the help of Police authorities. As you started the drive, you realized that the people living by the sidewalks were vulnerable compared to the slum dwellers. Many sidewalk dwellers had recently come to the city after selling their properties in their villages. Now if you drive them out, they have no place to go. Your heart went out to them, and you felt that your departmental action was inhumane, but your official responsibilities demanded stern impartial action. You are desperate to find a way to help the sidewalk dwellers without compromising your official duties.\n(a) What value conflicts do you notice in the above situation?\n(b) Can an administrator compromise the value of impartiality for empathy? Discuss.\n(c) What are the options available in the above situation?\n(d) Suggest viable solutions for tackling illegal slums and encroachments in urban areas.","20","Answer in 250"],[37,"8 A certain State government was running a welfare scheme for promoting safe motherhood among rural landless laborers' families. The scheme involves the transfer of funds to the beneficiaries to enable them to mitigate income loss due to maternal care responsibilities. Since its implementation, the scheme has done reasonably well on maternal health and economic indicators.\nYou are the Director of the Department responsible for implementing and operating the scheme. Recently you have been receiving reports of welfare fraud being committed by families by producing fake bona fide. The families committed the fraud with the help of local officials responsible for scrutinizing the bonafide.\nYou were concerned because the fraud was seriously undermining the scheme's efficiency. You called for a departmental meeting to discuss and find a solution to the problem. In the meeting, it was decided to merge several available government data sets such as Aadhar cards, voter ID cards, marriage certificates, birth certificates, bank details, and other personal assets. By merging all the data sets, the department would be able to develop the beneficiary's economic profile. And this will help the department scrutinize the documents and detect fraud. This was a comprehensive strategy, but it risked violating an individual's data privacy. As a Department head, you wanted to detect and prevent fraud, but at the same time, you were apprehensive about violating the Data privacy of the stakeholders.\n(a) What are the issues involved in the above case?\n(b) Do you think violating data privacy is justified to prevent welfare fraud? Why/ Why not?\n(c) What, according to you, can be the reasons for such welfare frauds happening in the country?\n(d) Are there any ways and means to prevent such fraud? Give your suggestions.","20","Answer in 250"],[39,"(c) Reasons for welfare frauds\n1 Absence of moral/ethical values in public\n2 Absence of accountability among public officials especially at lower levels","",""],[42,"9 You are posted in the Department of Mines, and one of your roles is to help your Department Head negotiate mining leases with private contractors.\nRecently, the state government demarcated a new mining zone and planned to invite bids for the mining blocs. You were instructed to oversee the bidding process and speed up the contract negotiations. As planned, the tenders were released, bids came in, and tenders were allocated as per the norms. All this happened at a breakneck speed. You wondered, why the hurry? But it was not your place to think and question; you quietly went about your work.\nAs the contractors were about to start operations, you had to instruct them on environmental concerns to watch out for. And to do that, you read the environmental impact assessment report submitted by a consulting firm hired by the department. To your surprise, the report was shoddy and looked cooked up. You got suspicious and raised the issue with your Head, who politely instructed you to do what you were told, and he reminded you that the Department had revenue targets and was under pressure from the Ministry.\nAfter the meeting, you, on your own accord, did some digging and found out that the report was fraudulent and the mining activity that was about to start would lead to a massive environmental disaster which the State could not afford.\n(a) What are the issues and value violations you notice in the above case?\n(b) What are the options available to you?\n(c) Discuss the advantage and disadvantages of each option and identify your chosen course of action\n(d) Do you think that environmental considerations are sometimes overrated at the cost of development?","20","Answer in 250"],[47,"10 (a) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\n(b) Do you think that corporate businesses like GAMA should consider business interests over international ethics? If yes, why? If no, why not?\n(c) Do you think that the social responsibility of a corporate extends beyond its immediate community to the international community? If yes, why? If no, why not?\n(d) Do you think that defense sector companies marketing sensitive technologies should be regularly regulated by their related governments, or should regulation reduce their entrepreneurship and innovation energy? Discuss. (Answer in 250 words) [20 marks]\na What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\nb Do you think that corporate businesses like GAMA should consider business interests over international ethics? If yes, why? If no, why not?\nc Do you think that the social responsibility of a corporate extends beyond its immediate community to the international community? If yes, why? If no, why not?\nd Do you think that defense sector companies marketing sensitive technologies should be regularly regulated by their related governments, or should regulation reduce their entrepreneurship and innovation energy? Discuss. (250 words)","20","250"],[48,"(d) Do you think the Defence sector companies marketing sensitive technologies must be regulated by their respective governments, or regulation may curtail their entrepreneurial and innovation energy? Discuss.","20","Answer in 250"],[52,"11 (a) इस मामले में कौन-से नैतिक और व्यावसायिक मुद्दे शामिल हैं?\n(b) श्री शर्मा और सीईओ के पास कौन-कौन से विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\n(c) क्या आपको लगता है कि बिक्री कार्यबल को स्वतंत्रता देने की संगठनात्मक संस्कृति के कारण समस्या उत्पन्न हुई या व्यक्ति की भ्रष्ट प्रवृत्ति के कारण समस्या उत्पन्न हुई? चर्चा कीजिए।\n(d) जैसा कि इस मामले में बताया गया है, ऐसे अनैतिक व्यवहार को रोकने के लिए कंपनी कौन-से नैतिक तंत्र और उपाय निर्माण और कार्यान्वित कर सकती है? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए) [20 अंक]","20 अंक","250 शब्दों में"],[53,"(a) What are the ethical and business issues involved in the case?\n(b) What are the options available to Mr. Sharma and the CEO?\n(c) Do you think the organizational culture of giving freedom to the sales force led to the issue or was the individual's corrupt nature that led to the problem? Discuss.\n(d) What ethics mechanisms and steps can the company create and implement to prevent unethical behavior, as mentioned in the case? (Answer in 250 words) 20 marks","20","250"],[57,"12 (a) उपरोक्त मामले में कौन-कौन से मुद्दे शामिल हैं?\n(b) आपको क्या लगता है रश्मि को क्या करना चाहिए? क्या रश्मि के लिए स्थानीय प्रशासन को शामिल करना अच्छा विचार होगा? कार्यान्वयन योग्य कार्यवाही का सुझाव दीजिए।\n(c) क्या आपको लगता है कि कंपनियों को उस क्षेत्र की सामाजिक समस्याओं के लिए भी जिम्मेदारी स्वीकार करनी चाहिए जहाँ वे अपना कार्य करती हैं? अगर हाँ तो क्यों, अगर नहीं तो क्यों नहीं?\n(d) श्रमिक संघ की इतनी आक्रामक प्रतिक्रिया के क्या कारण हो सकते हैं? आपके अनुसार रश्मि को कर्मचारी संघ को कैसे संभालना चाहिए?\na) उपरोक्त मामले में कौन-कौन से मुद्दे शामिल हैं?\nb) आपको क्या लगता है रश्मि को क्या करना चाहिए? क्या रश्मि के लिए स्थानीय प्रशासन को शामिल करना अच्छा विचार होगा? कार्यान्वयन योग्य कार्यवाही का सुझाव दीजिए।\nc) क्या आपको लगता है कि कंपनियों को उस क्षेत्र की सामाजिक समस्याओं के लिए भी जिम्मेदारी स्वीकार करनी चाहिए जहाँ वे अपना कार्य करती हैं? अगर हाँ तो क्यों, अगर नहीं तो क्यों नहीं?\nd) श्रमिक संघ की इतनी आक्रामक प्रतिक्रिया के क्या कारण हो सकते हैं? आपके अनुसार रश्मि को कर्मचारी संघ को कैसे संभालना चाहिए?","20 अंक","250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए"],[58,"(a) What are the issues involved in the above case?\n(b) What do you think Rashmi should do? Would it be a good idea for Rashmi to involve local administration? Suggest an implementable course of action.\n(c) Do you think companies should also accept responsibility for the social problems of the region where they operate? Why/why not?\n(d) What could be the reasons for such an aggressive reaction from the workers union? How do you think Rashmi should handle the workers union?\na) What are the issues involved in the above case?\nb) What do you think Rashmi should do? Would it be a good idea for Rashmi to involve local administration? Suggest an implementable course of action.\nc) Do you think companies should also accept responsibility for the social problems of the region where they operate? Why/why not?\nd) What could be the reasons for such an aggressive reaction from the workers union? How do you think Rashmi should handle the workers union?","20","250"]]},{"i":548,"t":"Nausheen","c":"Nextias","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":9,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/93393beb2b7e996905ce7ea7f8b78443/93/air-9-nausheen_test-8_gs4.pdf","q":[[6,"1. (a) \"The State took taxes from the people only to ensure their prosperity in return like the sun takes moisture from the earth only to give it back in thousandfold measure.\" Kalidasa.\nExplain the Indian concept of \"giving it back\" and its relevance as a guiding value for civil servants.","10","150"],[8,"(b) Public service takes place in a bureaucratic structure with clear lines of authority, value standardization, and accountability mechanisms. Working within such a structure, what do you think are the influences that impact the public servant's ethical decision-making?","10","Answer in 150"],[10,"2. (a) What do you understand by the terms 'ethics' and 'integrity'? Do you think they are interrelated? Explain with examples the relationship between ethics and integrity in the context of public administration.","10","150"],[12,"(b) What do you understand by the terms ethical behavior and emotionally intelligent behavior? Identify the relevant emotional intelligence components that act as a reliable guide to ethical behavior.","10","150"],[14,"3 (a) \"To achieve a good life, duty is not sufficient, one needs to develop one's sympathetic feelings for others, and neither duty alone nor good will alone are sufficient to be moral.\" Do you agree with the above statement? Justify your position.","10","150"],[16,"(b) Developing a Scientific temper, innovative mindset, and civic-conscious citizens are major objectives of higher educational institutions. Can higher educational institutions be instrumental in promoting integrity education among youth to establish a public culture of integrity and a corruption-free political culture? If yes, how?","10","150"],[18,"4. Explain the meaning of the following quotations and discuss their contemporary relevance.\n(a) The senses deceive from time to time, and it is prudent never to trust wholly those who have deceived us even once.","10","150"],[20,"(b) \"The price good men pay for indifference to public affairs is to be ruled by evil men.\"","10","150"],[22,"(c) \"Men must have corrupted nature a little, for they were not born wolves, and they have become wolves.\"","10","150"],[24,"5 (a) As professionals, civil servants are career focused and are also self-interested. At the same time, their service ethos imposes an obligation to serve the public interest selflessly. Is it possible for a civil servant to reconcile career and service obligation? Explain your position.","10","150"],[26,"(b) \"While competence without compassion can be brutal and inhumane; similarly, compassion without competence can be meaningless for persons seeking help.\" Explain the above with the help of a suitable illustration in the context of public services.","10","150"],[28,"6. (a) Does the suffering of individuals in one part of the world generate moral demands of assistance on those foreigners who live far away from them? Are these moral demands of assistance justified? Can governments be held morally responsible for failing to help the international community in times of deprivation? Discuss.","10","150"],[30,"(b) Civil Services ethics has everything to do with management. It is as much a Departmental as a personal issue. Leaders who fail to create systems that facilitate ethical conduct are equally to blame as much as those who indulge in ethical misconduct. Do you think the Departmental culture leads to ethical misconduct or is the individual with weak willpower culpable? Discuss","10","150"],[32,"7 You are posted as a District Development officer in a district with a low literacy rate and poor health indicators. As you took charge, your Health Secretary had given express instructions that your priority is to improve health indicators by enhancing the delivery of healthcare services.\n\nAfter taking over, you traveled around the district to study and identify ways of improving healthcare services. During your field trip, you discovered that the issue was not the accessibility of services; it was something else. You found the problem was the myths, misconceptions, and malpractices that hindered the uptake of health care services. For instance, people believed that vaccines caused impotence, immunization was equivalent to birth control, using antenatal care was counterproductive to the health of the mother and baby, and so on.\n\nYou realize that these beliefs were the behavioral barriers that stood in the way of health and nutrition services. And these behavioral barriers made it difficult for front-line workers to reach out.\n\nYou discussed your observations with the Health Secretary, and he advised you to seek inputs from the neighboring district DDO who was doing some good work. When you met with the neighboring DDO, you learned he was experimenting with using the Faith leader's influence and reach to persuade people. You were unsure about roping in faith leaders to help you overcome the behavioral barriers. As a civil servant, you felt it would be a mistake to involve faith leaders in health service schemes. When you shared your apprehensions with the Secretary, he firmly instructed you to try and innovate.\n(a) What are the issues involved in the above case?\n(b) What are the advantages and disadvantages of using Faith leaders as influencers and persuaders?","20 अंक","250"],[33,"(c) and (d) (c) If not faith leaders, what are your other options for breaking the behavioral barriers?\n(d) Do you think it is ethically right for a civil servant to involve faith leaders in promoting government schemes? (Answer in 250 words) 20 Marks","20","250"],[37,"8 You are the Head of an Agency, a special purpose vehicle, responsible for overseeing the last-mile delivery of essential services and sorting out bottlenecks and grievances of the citizens within your jurisdiction. The essential services included Maternal and infant health care, nutritional support to BPL families, drinking water availability, etc.\n\nYour agency employed a staff of 15 to carry out regular official operations and handle grievances. Since the agency dealt with complaints, there was an enormous amount of public dealing daily. Sometimes the agency officials had to work beyond office hours to finish the regular office work as public dealings took away most of the office hours. The employees were unhappy doing the extra bit as they were not paid any overtime. A few of them informally raised the issue with you, but you were helpless as the agency rules didn't allow any travel or overtime allowances. You tried taking up the matter with HQ but to no avail.\n\nThe work stress gradually started showing up among the staff, they became irritable with the complainants and at times they shouted at them. Besides rudeness, the staff's language became abusive, derogatory, and sometimes casteist. You could notice that there were 4 of them in particular who were getting very abusive and discriminatory while handling grievances. As the Head, you warned them, but there was no marked change in their work attitude. To compound your problem, some of the villagers, through their Sarpanch, raised the issue of rude, disrespectful, and discriminatory behavior with your HQ. The HQ immediately instructed you to take action and create a respectful and dignified workspace.\n(a) What are the issues involved in the above case?\n(b) What are the action options available to you?","",""],[38,"(d) What do you understand by dignity? Distinguish between human and social dignity? Identify the common dignity violations that one notices in government departments.","20","Answer in 250"],[42,"9 A major pharmaceutical company headquartered in Mumbai had worldwide operations. It was a big producer and exporter of generic drugs. It has production facilities spread around the country. After the pandemic, the company saw an exponential growth in demand for its generic drugs, and to meet the demand, the company contracted out production to small manufacturers. The deal was that the contracted supplier would supply a specified quantity of drugs within the prearranged schedule, and on delivery, the payments were released. The company didn't bother about the supplier's facilities, policies, or safety standards. It was a simple business deal of keeping the supply chain running without liabilities.\n\nSome suppliers saw this as an opportunity to make some quick money. They started stretching the limits of their production facility and didn't mind compromising with safety and labor laws. Unfortunately, a supplier's storage facility caught fire, and 22 workers died in the tragedy. The production facility was closed, and the dead workers' families sued the supplier and pharmaceutical company for damages. The supplier agreed to pay the damages, but the company denied any liabilities as they were not directly involved. Meanwhile, the lawyers representing the family claimed that the company was morally responsible for the tragedy because they didn't inspect the production facility for safety and were indifferent to everything. The families considered the company to be outright consequentialists worried about keeping their supply lines running, whatever the cost.\n(a) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case? (50 words) 5 marks\n(b) Ethically analyze the company's position on paying damages and justify why/ why not the company should be liable for damages. (120 words) 10 marks.\n(c) What do you understand by the term moral responsibility? When do you think a person or an entity becomes morally responsible for actions committed or omitted? (80 words) 5 marks","",""],[47,"10 (a) उपरोक्त मामले में कौन से नैतिक मुद्दे और दुविधाएँ शामिल हैं?\n(b) आपके पास कौन से विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\n(c) विकल्पों का विश्लेषण करने के बाद अपनी चुनी हुई कार्रवाई को चुनें।\n(d) उपरोक्त मामले में आपकी नैतिक प्रेरणा क्या होनी चाहिए? क्या यह कर्तव्य, सहानुभूति या परिणाम होना चाहिए? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए) 20 अंक\na) उपरोक्त मामले में कौन से नैतिक मुद्दे और दुविधाएँ शामिल हैं?\nb) आपके पास कौन से विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\nc) विकल्पों का विश्लेषण करने के बाद अपनी चुनी हुई कार्रवाई को चुनें।\nd) उपरोक्त मामले में आपकी नैतिक प्रेरणा क्या होनी चाहिए? क्या यह कर्तव्य, सहानुभूति या परिणाम होना चाहिए? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए) 20 अंक","20 अंक","250 शब्दों में"],[48,"(a) What are the ethical issues and dilemmas involved in the above case?\n(b) What are the options available to you?\n(c) Select your chosen course of action after analyzing the options.\n(d) What must be your moral motivation in the above case? Should it be duty, care, or consequences?\na) What are the ethical issues and dilemmas involved in the above case?\nb) What are the options available to you?\nc) Select your chosen course of action after analyzing the options.\nd) What must be your moral motivation in the above case? Should it be duty, care, or consequences?","20","Answer in 250"],[52,"11 (a) उपरोक्त मामले में कौन से नैतिक मुद्दे शामिल हैं?\n(b) आपके अनुसार उपरोक्त मामले में सिद्धांत-उन्मुख और नियम-पालन करने वाले पुलिस कर्मियों को क्या करना चाहिए और क्यों? तर्क दीजिए।\n(c) आपके अनुसार सिविल सेवा में किसे प्राथमिकता दी जानी चाहिए, विभाग के प्रति निष्ठा, या अपने निर्णयों और सेवा मूल्यों में निष्पक्ष और गैर-पक्षपातपूर्ण होना?\na) उपरोक्त मामले में कौन से नैतिक मुद्दे शामिल हैं?\nb) आपके अनुसार उपरोक्त मामले में सिद्धांत-उन्मुख और नियम-पालन करने वाले पुलिस कर्मियों को क्या करना चाहिए और क्यों? तर्क दीजिए।\nc) आपके अनुसार सिविल सेवा में किसे प्राथमिकता दी जानी चाहिए, विभाग के प्रति निष्ठा, या अपने निर्णयों और सेवा मूल्यों में निष्पक्ष और गैर-पक्षपातपूर्ण होना?","20 अंक","250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए"],[53,"(a) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?  (b) What do you think principle-oriented and rule-abiding police personnel must do in the above case? Why? Justify  (c) What do you think must assume priority in civil service, loyalty to the department, or being impartial and non-partisan in your decisions and service values?\na) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\nb) What do you think principle-oriented and rule-abiding police personnel must do in the above case? Why? Justify\nc) What do you think must assume priority in civil service, loyalty to the department, or being impartial and non-partisan in your decisions and service values?","20","Answer in 250"],[57,"12 You are a Foreign Service official working in an embassy overseas. One of your duties was to liaise with the local Indian community, one of the country's largest immigrant groups.\nA group of wealthy Indian immigrants wanted to build a place of worship and a school to promote their language and culture. The school was intended to act as a center for promoting and preserving Indian culture among the immigrants. The Indian community leaders went through all the legal procedures to acquire the land, got the building plans approved by the city council, and with all the approvals in place, the construction work began.\nA few months into the construction, the locals started complaining about noise, and slowly a campaign began against the construction of a religious structure. The local city councilors joined in and raised the issue of how Indian immigrants having their own cultural space will lead to a similar demand from other immigrant communities. And this may escalate intolerance among different ethnic groups. The local politicians filed a public lawsuit to halt the construction and demolish whatever was built. Indian community responded with their lawsuit and approached the embassy for help. They wanted the Ambassador to take up the issue with the government.\nMeanwhile, the Ambassador deputed you to meet the Indian community leaders to understand the issue and prepare a report. You met with the community leaders and found that the reason for local antipathy towards the Indian community was just an expression of latent racism and intolerance. You presented\n(a) उपरोक्त मामले में कौन-कौन से मुद्दे शामिल हैं?\n(b) क्या आप प्रवासी भारतीयों की मदद के बजाय अर्थनीति को प्राथमिकता देने के राजदूत के रुख से सहमत हैं? अगर हाँ तो क्यों, अगर नहीं तो क्यों नहीं?\n(c) दायित्व, परिणामवाद और कर्तव्य के बीच, आपके अनुसार भारतीय विदेश नीति का मार्गदर्शन करने के लिए उपयुक्त परिप्रेक्ष्य क्या है? तर्क दीजिए। (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए) 20 अंक","20 अंक","250 शब्दों में"],[58,"(a) What are the issues involved in the above case?\n(b) Do you agree with the Ambassador's position of prioritizing economics over helping the diaspora? Why/why not?\n(c) Among Care, Consequentialism, and Duty, what do you think is the appropriate perspective to guide Indian Foreign policy? Justify.\na) What are the issues involved in the above case?\nb) Do you agree with the Ambassador's position of prioritizing economics over helping the diaspora? Why/why not?\nc) Among Care, Consequentialism, and Duty, what do you think is the appropriate perspective to guide Indian Foreign policy? Justify.","20","Answer in 250"]]},{"i":551,"t":"Neelesh Goyal","c":"Nextias","p":"Essay","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/4/essay-test-3-neelesh-goyal-1745488855091.pdf","q":[[3,"In this essay we will explore the meaning of procrastination. How is it similar to loan? Why one should avoid procrastination? What are the reasons people procrastinate? And how to get rid of it?","",""],[7,"What are the reasons that people procrastinate?","",""]]},{"i":553,"t":"Neeraj Trar","c":"Forumias","p":"GS1","y":2025,"r":180,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/NEERAJ-TRARUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-180-Sample-MGP-Copy-2.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) \"Bhagavad Gita and Natyashastra are not merely texts; they exemplify the timeless wisdom, richness and diversity of Indian knowledge traditions.\" Elaborate.","10","150"],[5,"Q.3) Why is the First World War considered as the first 'total' war in modern history?","10","150"],[7,"Q.4) Highlight the differences in the approach of Bhagat Singh and Mahatma Gandhi in the struggle for freedom.","10","150"],[9,"Q.5) Briefly explain the processes through which the earth-atmosphere system maintains heat balance.","10","150"],[11,"Q.6) What characteristics of the monsoon climate play a crucial role in sustaining agriculture in Monsoon Asia?","10","150"],[13,"Q.7) Account for the factors influencing the location of semiconductor industries across the world.","10","150"],[15,"Q.8) Unemployment is not just an economic challenge, but a social one with far-reaching consequences. In this context, discuss the social impact of unemployment in the country.","10","150"],[17,"Q.9) Globalization has facilitated the influx of global brands and multinational corporations into the Indian market, significantly altering the consumer behaviour. Do you agree? Justify your answer.","10","150"],[19,"Q.10 Discuss how social media is reshaping identity formation and self-worth among adolescents in contemporary Indian society.","10","150"],[21,"Q.11 The fusion of Islamic architectural styles with indigenous Indian traditions played a key role in the evolution of Indo-Islamic architecture in the country. Discuss with examples.","15","250"],[24,"Q.12 'Emergency' is one of the most controversial and widely debated events in Indian politics. How far do you agree with the view that it was imposed to fulfil individual political goals rather than serve national interests? Also, discuss the short-term and long-term impacts of the Emergency.","15","250"],[27,"Q.13 What are 'atmospheric rivers'? How do they influence global weather patterns and impact human settlements?","15","250"],[30,"Q.14 Despite sharing a similar latitude, why does the Mediterranean climate vary from the China-type climate? How do the differences in climate affect life and economic activities in the region?","15","250"],[33,"Q.15 \"The tropical Indian Ocean is likely to be in a near-permanent heatwave state.\" Discuss the factors responsible for the rapid warming of the Indian Ocean along with its multi-dimensional impacts.","15","250"],[36,"Q.16 How can the demographic transition in the southern states, marked by low fertility rates and an aging population, impact the region's economic growth and social welfare policies?","15","250"],[39,"Q.17) Incidence of extreme rainfall events and flash floods in recent times has led to devastating consequences for major cities of India. Analyse.","15","250"],[42,"Q.18 \"Air pollution is as much an issue of equity and justice as it is an environmental one.\" Elaborate with examples.","15","250"],[45,"Q.19 Analyze the socio-cultural factors contributing to the high attrition rate among women in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) careers in India. Suggest measures to improve their retention in STEM.","15","250"],[48,"Q.20) \"Caste census is relevant and necessary for any well-designed policy to reduce social inequality\". Comment.","15","250"]]},{"i":552,"t":"Neeraj Trar","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2025,"r":180,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/NEERAJ-TRARUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-180-Sample-MGP-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) Examine the scope and significance of the Supreme Court's advisory jurisdiction under Article 143 of the Constitution.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) What is delimitation, and why is it important? What challenges are associated with the delimitation exercise in India?","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) How has asymmetric federalism helped India accommodate its diverse regional needs? Discuss with suitable examples.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4 Explain how the terms ‘socialist’ and ‘secular’ in the Preamble embody specific meanings in the Indian context.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5 The role of State Finance Commissions in building regional equity and strengthening the federal link has largely been underutilized. Discuss.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6 How far do you think has the National Commission for Protection of Child Rights (NCPCR) been successful in protecting and promoting child rights in India?","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) Outline the salient features of New Education Policy (NEP) 2020 related to school education. What does it state about the medium of instruction in schools?","10","150"],[17,"Q.8 Throw light on the legal frameworks that are in place to ensure women's safety in India. What further steps are needed to enhance their safety and well-being?","10","150"],[19,"Q.9 \"A multipolar world order is not merely an option but a necessity\". Elaborate. How can India leverage its position to strengthen multipolarity in the global arena?","10","150"],[21,"Q.10 \"ASEAN is the cornerstone of India's Act East Policy and its Indo-Pacific vision.\" Elucidate.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11) Discuss the various administrative challenges faced by local self-governments (LSGs). What measures do you suggest for devolving administrative powers to LSGs, enabling them to function as institutions of genuine self-governance?","15","250"],[26,"Q.12 In light of recent developments, the Collegium system and the Supreme Court's decision to strike down the National Judicial Appointments Commission (NJAC) Act, 2014 have once again come under scrutiny. Do you think that a NJAC-like body can make judicial appointments more transparent, broad-based, and accountable? Justify your answer.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 Differentiate between the clemency powers of the Presidents of India and the USA. Also, critically examine the vesting of clemency power in the executive.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 What constitutes corrupt practices under the Representation of the People Act, 1951? Also, discuss the challenges in curbing such malpractices and suggest remedial measures.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 Discuss the role of the Vice-President as the Chairman of the Rajya Sabha. Also describe the procedure for his/her removal from office.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16 \"Universal Basic Income (UBI) is a viable solution to eradicate extreme poverty in India.\" Critically discuss the statement.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 What are the key determinants of malnutrition among under-five children in the country? Also, elaborate on the role of nutrition-specific and nutrition-sensitive interventions in addressing this issue.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 \"Data is the raw material of Artificial Intelligence.\" In this context, discuss the need for transparent and accountable data governance frameworks in India. What steps has the government taken in this regard?","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 Critically examine the role of International Monetary Fund (IMF) in addressing debt distress in the Global South. How can India use its post-G20 presidency momentum to push IMF reforms?","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 \"In a fluid geopolitical arena, engagement without formal endorsement is a pragmatic middle path.\" Do you agree? Explain in the context of India's current approach towards the Taliban regime in Afghanistan.","15","250"]]},{"i":1009,"t":"Neha","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1GIeJ1cf50TABUX8Z8mcTKAtLeeOGDgaN/view","q":[[3,"1. (a) Self doubt can both help and hinder leadership. Discuss with examples.","10","not more than 150"],[5,"1. (b) Bring out the significance of probity in public life. What are the requisites for ensuring probity in governance? Pointing out the key concerns in India in this context, suggest certain remedial measures.","10",""],[7,"2. (a) While the corrupt and dishonest should be punished swiftly, honest public servants need to be protected against malicious and motivated complaints to enhance efficiency and effectiveness of an organisation. Discuss. How can the two objectives be reconciled?","10",""],[9,"2. (b) The effective implementation of the Right to Information Act will create an environment of vigilance which will help in functioning of a more participatory democracy. Elaborate.","10",""],[11,"3. (a) The bureaucracy technically has been an efficient form of organisation but is seen to have exceeded its administrative powers due to its tendency towards self aggrandisement, permanence in employment, and nearness to the political executive. Discuss.","10",""],[13,"3. (b) Social media has played a key role in influencing political opinions and social attitudes in India. Comment.","10",""],[15,"4. (a) \"Nonviolence is not servile passivity but a powerful moral force which makes for social transformation\". Comment.","10",""],[17,"4. (b) It is at the interface of public action and private interest that the need arises for establishing not just a code of ethics but a code of conduct. In this context, highlight the need for drafting a code of ethics as well as a code of conduct.","10",""],[19,"5. (a) Income inequality is a matter of grave concern for the Indian society. In this context, examine the relevance of Gandhiji's concepts of 'Sarvodaya' and 'Trusteeship'.","10",""],[21,"5. (b) It does not take long for conflict to turn violent when deep seeded prejudices and discriminatory attitudes are not addressed. Discuss in the context of communal and caste-based violence in India. What role should the state play in this context?","10",""],[23,"6. Explain with examples how emotional intelligence increases the effectiveness of leadership skills in a civil servant.","10",""],[25,"7. A Citizens' Charter sees public services through the eyes of those who use them. In this context, analyze the importance of citizen charter in making public services citizen centric.","10",""],[27,"8. Given the effects that cultural attitudes about menstruation have on women, there is need to follow a strategic approach in combating these. Discuss.","10",""],[29,"9. As the District Magistrate you are posted in a district that had been infamous for girl-child marriages. The government introduced a contributory scheme two decades ago, where the government contributed the same amount as the parents, into an account, for their girl child of age 0 to 7 years. The total sum could be withdrawn only when the girl turns eighteen and is unmarried. Due to this scheme, a new pattern has emerged. All girls are married as soon as they turn eighteen and incidents of dowry have increased substantially – because the community customs require paying the sum commensurate to the age of the girl. Further, parents now tend to save money for the scheme instead of investing in girl’s education. As the local administration tries to tackle the current situation it looks up to you for ideas and leadership:\n(a) Identify the factors which have led to such outcomes.\n(b) Devise a strategy, keeping in mind the multiple aspects of the situation.","20","In around 250"],[34,"10. While on the one hand, some state governments have implemented alcohol consumption prohibition laws, It is permitted in other states. Debates around this issue often involves aspects such as individual rights, cultural attitudes and social welfare. As a teacher you need to explain the key issues involved to a young audience. What are these? How would you conclude the lecture?","20",""],[39,"11. As a concerned citizen you have been engaged with the issue of persons employed in manual scavenging. You notice that despite laws and strictures from the highest court of the land the practice of employing human labour to clean sewers continues. While the administration has to ensure the cleanliness of the urban localities, those who are employed also have to earn to sustain themselves and their families. The death of few workers recently due to asphyxiation while cleaning a septic tank has caused much consternation in your locality. You would like to engage with the situation by writing to the administration, for which you need to find an answer to the following:\n(a) Identify the stakeholders involved and state their conflicting interests.\n(b) What challenges does the administration face in curbing this social evil?\n(c) Enumerate the steps to deal with the problem.","20",""],[44,"12. You are a teacher in the Science department of a reputed college. Your HoD (Head of Department) has been a good mentor to you and has guided your career progress. You get to know from one of your students that the HoD gives private tuitions at his residence, which is disliked by many others in the department. There are also rumours that he might be giving extra marks to the students taking his tuitions. When enquired, his reply is that he is not alone and a few other teachers are giving private tuitions as well. He assures you that it is beneficial for the students as some of them need extra attention. He advises you not to make a fuss about it and indirectly reminds you about the assessment rating, which is due this week. You are aware that a good rating will definitely get you the due promotion. The HoD is due to retire in 4 months.\n(a) What are the dilemmas that you face in this situation?\n(b) Highlight the course of action that you would adopt and give reasons for the same.","20",""],[46,"(1) Do I investigate the issue of private tuitions by the HoD (and other teachers) or do I ignore it?\n(2) If private tuitions are not allowed, as per the college rules, do I report this to the concerned authorities?\n(3) Especially do I report the HoD when he has only 4 months to retire? and he has been a good mentor too.\n(4) My assessment rating is due this week. Further investigation may affect my rating.\n(5) Why are private tuitions needed? What are the viewpoints of the students?\n(6) Is it true that HoD awards extra marks to tuition students or just a rumour?","",""],[49,"13. While stampedes and mishaps due to overcrowding have led to loss of lives on multiple occasions, it remains an issue discussed only when there is a tragedy. Recently you were assigned the responsibility of conducting a mela around a revered religious place, which attracts millions of devotees. Every year the numbers have been increasing and this year due to certain celestial alignments the crowd is expected to be unprecedented. In the previous year the officer in charge was criticised and transferred over allegations of hurting religious sensitivities by restricting access to the religious place. You have three months to prepare for the mela.\n(a) Identify the key areas you would focus on?\n(b) What are the challenges that you foresee?\n(c) How do you propose to overcome them?","20",""],[52,"C How to overcome?","",""],[54,"14. You are a senior official at a government agency that is responsible for collection, storage and protection of biometric data of citizens. Due to the expanse of operations, the agency employs third parties for collection of data. There have been reports of security breach and leakage of data by third parties in exchange of money. A journalist from a prominent newspaper carries a sting operation and releases some data in the public to show the ongoing corruption and highlighting the inability of the agency in protecting public data. You are asked by the chairperson of the agency to file an FIR against the journalist and pursue criminal proceedings against him considering it an act of unauthorized access.\n(a) Do you agree with the action sought by the chairperson against the journalist? Give appropriate reasons for your answer.\n(b) If you disagree, what would be your course of action?\n(c) Do you think the action of the journalist is justified?","20",""]]},{"i":1010,"t":"Neha","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1KJamr1jRcdMgtzPQXYz7pHlBUcDPe7re/view","q":[[3,"1. (a) Explain the significance of the following in the context of civil service:\n(i) Public trust\n(ii) Objectivity\n(iii) Strength of character\n(iv) Empathy\n(v) Selflessness","10","not more than 150 words each"],[5,"1. (b) Do you think nation states owe a responsibility towards asylum seekers? What are the considerations that should, in your opinion, go into the making of a refugee policy? Provide arguments with contemporary examples.","10",""],[7,"2. (a) Why do civil servants have a special obligation to uphold ethical standards? What are the main areas of concerns for implementation of an effective ethical standard in civil services? In this context, suggest measures to remedy these concerns.","10",""],[9,"2. (b) While families are the first socializing agents, which inculcate moral values in a child, the role played by schools in this regard is also indispensable. Discuss.","10",""],[11,"3. (a) What is the significance of morality in day-to-day life? Give an example from your own life where you chose moral action and elaborate the reasons for your choice of that action.","10",""],[13,"3. (b) Analyse the ethical dimensions of using nuclear deterrence as a self-defense strategy.","10",""],[15,"4. (a) We make a living by what we do, but we make a life by what we give. 10\n(i) Highlight the importance of value of altruism for a society.\n(ii) Discuss the role of education in imparting such values.","10",""],[17,"4. (b) Giving examples, examine the relationship between personal and professional ethics of civil servants.","10",""],[19,"5 Given below are two quotations of moral thinkers/ philosophers. For each of these, bring out what it means to you in the present context.\n(a) If people scrutinize their own faults as they do the faults of others, mankind will be freed of all evil.","10",""],[21,"5. (b) Courage is the first of human qualities because it's the quality that guarantees the others.","10",""],[23,"6. How do law and conscience act as source of ethical guidance? Explain with examples.","10",""],[25,"7. Differentiate between the following using examples:\n(i) Wants and Needs\n(ii) Ethics and Etiquette","10",""],[27,"8. Good corporate governance is not an end in itself. It is a means to support economic efficiency, sustainable growth and financial stability. Discuss.","10",""],[29,"9 A hilly state witnessed torrential rains leading to loss of life and property. Apart from the local inhabitants there were tourists stranded in large numbers. With the supply chains broken and increased demand, it was observed that local shopkeepers started selling essential goods at very high prices. With a very restricted possibility of being evacuated in the coming few days, the stranded people feel helpless. A crumbled governance infrastructure in remote areas has multiplied the extent of their agony. Given this situation, answer the following questions.\n(a) Identify the various stakeholders in the case and give a reasoned account of their interests. Given the administrative, market and ethical perspective of viewing the situation, do you think there is a conflict in the priorities of these stakeholders?\n(b) Suggest ways to harmonize competing interests in order to resolve the issues, provide relief and prevent escalation of conflict.","20","around 250"],[35,"10. The steady decline in sex ratio suggests that marked improvement in the economy and literacy rates do not seem to have had any impact on this index. In fact, the availability of new technology and its easy access for the urban, wealthy and educated have worsened the trend and harmed the status of women in Indian society.\n(a) Explain why the phenomenon should not be simply viewed as a medical or legal issue and more attention should be given to the ethical issues involved.\n(b) Give some suggestions to tackle the problem of declining sex ratio.\n(c) Discuss the ethical dilemma involved in Right to abortion vs. Prevention of female foeticide. How can this be resolved?","20",""],[37,"(1) Why is the birth of a girl child not desired?","",""],[41,"11. You are the officer-in-charge responsible for monitoring allotment of foodgrains under the Public Distribution System to BPL families in a given district. A group of BPL families in the district claim that they have been denied ration from fair price shops due to non-linking of Aadhar card with their BPL cards. They remark that the government and officers concerned are not empathising with their situation and stage a silent protest. Further, the incident is also being linked to similar instances in other areas of the country where people were denied access to PDS benefits due to similar reasons. The government receives a lot of criticism for this incident on social media networks. You are now in a conundrum, as you are aware that the BPL families need to get foodgrains on time. However, as a government officer, you also need to follow the prescribed rules. Media scrutiny has further aggravated the situation and you realize you need to tread carefully.\n(a) List the issues in the given situation that the parties involved are facing.\n(b) What step(s) will you take in the situation to ensure that the demands of the aggrieved persons are met without violating the rules?\n(c) In this context, briefly discuss how the poor in the country currently face digital exclusion and its consequence(s).","20",""],[47,"12 You are working as a senior doctor in the oncology department of a super specialty hospital located in Delhi. While accessing the quotations from reputed pharmaceutical companies to hospitals, you unearth a nexus between pharma firms and the hospital administration. You get to know that they are hand-in glove with each other and trying to fleece cancer patients by selling drugs at exorbitant prices, even though low cost alternative drugs are available in the market. Being the head of Alliance of Doctors for Ethical Healthcare, who is working against the arbitrary price regime of life saving drugs, you get a chance to represent your case before the Health Minister of your state. However, certain other doctors of the Alliance have asked you to present a distorted reality in front of the Minister since they are obtaining pecuniary benefits from such a scheme of nexus, which would cease if the nexus gets exposed.\n(a) Identify the main stakeholders and ethical issues involved.\n(b) Analyse the possible solutions for addressing the issues.\n(c) What would be your final course of action and why?","20",""],[53,"13. You are working as a Manager who handles critical projects in a private firm. You have recently been issued a notice by the Human Resource department that categorically highlights gender imbalance in your team and instructs you to recruit more females. Realizing the importance of this matter you decide to roll out vacancy requirements on an urgent basis and close it within a week. You receive several applications and start interviewing female candidates. However, you realize that the top four candidates are married and two of them are expecting their child. During the interviews the candidates commit on their priority for the project, till it finishes and show willingness to work from home, afterwards. What is the course of action that you will take? Explain the factors that you will take into account and justify the merits of the course of action.","20",""],[55,"The dilemma is - do you hire them? What will happen to the critical project if you do hire?","",""],[59,"14 Mr. A is a senior most member of a highly reputed company with considerable customer interface. In recent months, the business of the company has been going down. On detailed analysis, it was found that some of the functionaries of the company have impulsive nature, which has many a times led to altercations with the customers and even among themselves. This has adversely affected the work culture and sullied the image of the company in the market. He seeks your advice, as you are his friend as well as a person who understands management.\n(a) What are the factors that you would consider in making your advice?\n(b) What steps will you suggest to deal with the situation that the company faces?","20",""],[61,"(1) Was the nature of the functionaries always impulsive? or is it due to current losses, which have further led to more losses due to their behavior? Is the behaviour inherent nature or as a result of current stress?\n(2) What do the other team members think about this issue?","",""]]},{"i":1011,"t":"Neha","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1-N9Y8H1kTTtmvGPrPNwUEgB_pR9E119b/view","q":[[3,"1. (a) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the recent refugee crisis and immigration as a global phenomenon from a broad perspective of globalisation and rights of citizens and aliens.","10","not more than 150"],[5,"1. (b) Corruption distorts not only functioning of the Government in India but business and corporate activities as well. Explain and discuss how the state can effectively deal with deficit of ethics in the private sector.","10",""],[7,"2. Given below are two quotations of moral thinkers/ philosophers. For each of these, bring out what it means to you in the present context.\n(a) \"Silence becomes cowardice when occasion demands speaking out the whole truth and acting accordingly\" - Mahatma Gandhi.","10",""],[9,"2. (b) \"We must not only tolerate others, but positively embrace them\" - Swami Vivekananda.","10",""],[11,"3. (a) Emotional Intelligence is part nature and part nurture. Explaining the statement, discuss how emotional Intelligence of civil servants can be enhanced.","10",""],[13,"3. (b) What do you understand by Probity in Governance? Examine whether the recent amendments to Prevention of Corruption Act and the proposed ones in Whistleblower Protection Act undermine it.","10",""],[15,"4. (a) Ensuring that civil service values are recognised during the recruitment process and ensured through a code of ethics after appointment is a necessary condition of making the civil services an effective instrument of citizen centric governance. Comment.","10",""],[17,"4. (b) What do you understand by cognitive dissonance? Giving examples, discuss how it influences one's behavior and attitude.","10",""],[19,"5. (a) What do you understand by Amartya Sen's 'capability approach'? Analyse its significance in understanding social realities and in making a pro poor development strategy.","10",""],[21,"5. (b) While in principle most nations claim commitment to universal values, in practice these values are honoured more in breach than in the observance. In context of this statement, comment on the relevance of values in foreign policy.","10",""],[23,"6. While some ethical approaches consider an action to be ethical based on results, other focus on means. Taking the example of Indian bureaucracy compare and examine how these approaches have played out for the benefit of citizens.","10",""],[25,"7. What are the ethical principles that should form the basis of the system permitting organ donation and allocation? Also discuss the importance of regulation for the success of any organ transplant program.","10",""],[27,"8. Where as some argue that leaks constitute an affront to democracy, others are of the opinion that leaks are a part of democracy. Examine the merits of both the arguments in the context of information attributed to leaks from government offices and whistleblowers.","10",""],[29,"9. You are a young recruit to the IAS. Upon the completion of your training you have been posted in a subdivision of a district where industrial development has been lagging. The area has large reserves of minerals and a significant tribal population. The government has identified the area for a large thermal power plant and also adequate expansion of mining. This announcement has seen a rise in land prices in the area as well as unrest among the local population about possible land acquisition. As part of routine examination of records you observe large land purchases in recent years that are linked with the family of the local politician, who is also a member of the state cabinet. You also recognise that much of this land is around the site of the proposed industrial area. Further, one of your staff members also informs you that the family has been buying in the name of drivers, cleaners as well as domestic helps. You feel that having been aware of the policy decision the politician has played a role in these purchases. Incidently your relations with the politician have been cordial and he is a popular figure in the area.\n(a) As the official responsible for acquisition of land and payment of compensation for the land acquired, what are the ethical issues that you face in the given situation?\n(b) What will be your response to a suggestion that in view of these benami land transfers a freeze on land sale in the area should be enforced?\n(c) What is the course of action that you would take? Justify with reasons.","20","in around 250"],[30,"(b) इन वेनामी भूमि अंतरणों को ध्यान में रखते हुए क्षेत्र में भूमि की बिक्री पर रोक लगाए जाने के सुझाव पर आपकी प्रतिक्रिया क्या होगी?\n(c) आप क्या कार्यवाही करना चाहेंगे? तर्क प्रस्तुत करते हुए इसका औचित्य सिद्ध कीजिए।","",""],[34,"10. According to the WHO suicide is the second leading cause of death in the age group of 15-29 years globally. In India also, instances of young people committing suicide have been reported widely in recent times. It is all the more disturbing that such a phenomenon is increasingly visible in urban and prosperous areas.\n(a) What are the reasons that render people vulnerable to taking such drastic steps as suicide?\n(b) Also, discuss the role that you as an individual, the society and the government can play in addressing this issue.","20",""],[39,"11. You are posted as a District Magistrate of a primarily rural district. Excess agricultural production has led to a continuous fall in market prices of crops in the last three years. With elections approaching soon, the opposition has decided to make this a political issue and has mobilised farmers to protest against falling prices. The protests turned violent at some point and police had to fire in self-defence, killing two people. Violence has increased since then and you yourself were attacked when you tried to pacify the protestors. The protestors have also blocked the main roads as well as railways to prevent movement of goods and people.\nGiven the situation, answer the following questions:\n(a) Identify the key concerns that need to be addressed on a priority basis.\n(b) What steps will you take to address them?","20",""],[44,"12. You have recently been promoted as a Branch Manager in a Public Sector Bank. The bank is battling high NPAs and mounting losses. You have been assigned a very high target of loans by the higher management for the current quarter. Your career prospects also depend on your performance in critical times. Few days back you rejected a loan application for a huge sum based on detailed analysis. Today you got a call from the Regional Manager to approve the loan quickly. On your reluctance to approve, he hints that the loan is sought by a person well connected in the finance ministry and that a refusal will have consequences for everyone in the approval chain. You are now in a tough spot. Based on the given information, answer the following questions:\n(a) Bring out the ethical issues in the case above.\n(b) What are the consequences of agreeing to the demands of the senior in the given case. Assess which of them are meritorious and which are not.\n(c) Suggest institutional reforms that can result in non-punishment of honest feedback.","20",""],[49,"13. You, the chairperson of a State Public Service Commission (SPSC), come to know that there were instances of rampant cheating in a competitive exam conducted recently by the SPSC. Your daughter, who also appeared in this exam and is confident of clearing it corroborates the same. However, she denies engaging in any such activity herself. Whatever decision the Commission takes is bound to affect the career of a large number of candidates who appeared in the exam, including your own daughter.\n(a) Identify the different stakeholders and their interests in the case above.\n(b) Enumerate the options you have to handle the current situation. What will be your choice and why?\n(c) Suggest measures that you would take to make sure that a similar situation does not arise in future.","20",""],[54,"14. You are waiting in your car for your turn at a toll tax booth. You suddenly witness some men heckling and manhandling the toll booth operator and vandalising the property at the toll booth. They are accompanying a local politician who was passing through. Disgruntled with the fact that they were asked to pay the toll, they began to argue that the toll is too high and the public is being exploited by charging an unreasonable toll fee. At the same time they are also warning others against paying the toll fee. However, the other people around you are keeping with themselves, without anyone coming forward to intervene. While you also felt that the toll was quite high, you believe that this is not the right thing to do.\n(a) Bring out the ethical issues in the case above.\n(b) What accounts for such an overt display of hooliganism in our country.\n(c) What is the course of action that you would take? Justify with appropriate reasons.","20",""],[56,"13 The overt display of hooliganism in our country is due to:\n(1) Poor law and order and judicial processes -> the rich and powerful can","",""]]},{"i":557,"t":"Nidhi Goyal","c":"Nextias","p":"GS1","y":null,"r":91,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/ee21bf4c91767f03906ea17bc7230b10/106/air-91-nidhi-goyal_test-1_gs1.pdf","q":[[5,"Q.3 Russian Revolution of 1917 was an important watershed movement in world history.","",""],[7,"Q.4 Earth's surface receive heat from the sun in short wave form but not all parts of earth have same amount of temperature distribution. Factors responsible for uneven temperature distribution on earth's surface\n1) Inclination of Earth's axis\n2) Inclination of sun-rays\n3) Distribution of land & water","",""],[11,"Q.6 White revolution made India as one of the biggest milk producer of the world and was led by Verghese Kurien","",""],[30,"Q.14 Important geological processes on the ocean floor\n1) Volcanic eruptions on the crest of the mid-oceanic ridges - give rise to volcanic mountains in ocean floor","",""]]},{"i":556,"t":"Nidhi Goyal","c":"Nextias","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":91,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/ee21bf4c91767f03906ea17bc7230b10/102/air-91-nidhi-goyal_test-6_gs2.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.2 Article 263 provides for Inter-State Council which can be established by president for creating consensus & coordination between centre & states and between states.\nRole of Inter-State Council for vertical cooperation 1) Building consensus on issues like financial devolution\nRole of Inter-State Council for vertical cooperation 2) Discussions on reform in legislative list under Schedule 7\nRole of Inter-State Council for vertical cooperation 3) Building consensus on different political parties with diverging interest\nRole of Inter-State Council for vertical cooperation 4) Opportunity for states to raise their grievances for more autonomy\nRole of Inter-State Council for vertical cooperation 5) Building consensus on formulating laws on concurrent subjects like education Eg. NEP effective implementation","",""],[30,"Q.14 Indian Constitution provides free separation of power between different branches of Government to ensure checks and balances.","",""]]},{"i":558,"t":"Nidhi Goyal","c":"Nextias","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":91,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/ee21bf4c91767f03906ea17bc7230b10/119/air-91-nidhi-goyal_test-2_gs2.pdf","q":[[10,"Q.5 Role of Governor in governance of state\n1) Asking of reports from the chief minister on the administration of affairs of the state.\n2) Directing and advising the government to take steps for welfare of people.\n3) Ensure functioning of state according to constitution (Power of president rule).\n4) Schedule V and VI provides fee Governor role in protecting interests of tribals.","",""],[11,"5) Governor's role in reinforcing the principles of federalism","",""],[20,"Q.10 India and EU are two important strategic partners in different domain","",""],[37,"Q.16 India in signatory to UN's SDG agenda which calls for implementation & achievement of 17 SDG goals by 2030.","",""]]},{"i":555,"t":"Nidhi Goyal","c":"Nextias","p":"GS3","y":null,"r":91,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/ee21bf4c91767f03906ea17bc7230b10/101/air-91-nidhi-goyal_test-3_gs3.pdf","q":[[20,"Q.10 Drones are the remotely operated unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Recent times have seen rising use of drones around India's border area for anti-national & security threat purposes.","",""],[22,"Q.11 Electricity Amendment Bill 2022 is brought by government to transform the electricity sector of India.","",""],[25,"Q.12 Securities and Exchange Board of India was established in 1992 and open Capital market regulator in country","",""]]},{"i":554,"t":"Nidhi Goyal","c":"Nextias","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":91,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/ee21bf4c91767f03906ea17bc7230b10/100/air-91-nidhi-goyal_test-8_gs4.pdf","q":[[6,"1. (a) \"The State took taxes from the people only to ensure their prosperity in return like the sun takes moisture from the earth only to give it back in thousandfold measure.\" Kalidasa.\n\nExplain the Indian concept of \"giving it back\" and its relevance as a guiding value for civil servants.","10","150"],[8,"(b) Public service takes place in a bureaucratic structure with clear lines of authority, value standardization, and accountability mechanisms. Working within such a structure, what do you think are the influences that impact the public servant's ethical decision-making?","10","150"],[10,"2. (a) What do you understand by the terms 'ethics' and 'integrity'? Do you think they are interrelated? Explain with examples the relationship between ethics and integrity in the context of public administration.","10","150"],[12,"(b) What do you understand by the terms ethical behavior and emotionally intelligent behavior? Identify the relevant emotional intelligence components that act as a reliable guide to ethical behavior.","10","150"],[14,"3. (a) \"To achieve a good life, duty is not sufficient; one needs to develop one's sympathetic feelings for others, and neither duty alone nor good will alone are sufficient to be moral.\" Do you agree with the above statement? Justify your position.","10","Answer in 150"],[16,"(b) Developing a Scientific temper, innovative mindset, and civic-conscious citizens are major objectives of higher educational institutions. Can higher educational institutions be instrumental in promoting integrity education among youth to establish a public culture of integrity and a corruption-free political culture? If yes, how?","10","150"],[18,"4 Explain the meaning of the following quotations and discuss their contemporary relevance.\n(a) The senses deceive from time to time, and it is prudent never to trust wholly those who have deceived us even once. (Answer in 150 words) 10 Marks","10","150"],[20,"(b) \"The price good men pay for indifference to public affairs is to be ruled by evil men.\"","10","150"],[22,"(c) \"Men must have corrupted nature a little, for they were not born wolves, and they have become wolves.\" (Answer in 150 words) 10 Marks","10","150"],[24,"5. (a) As professionals, civil servants are career focused and are also self-interested. At the same time, their service ethos imposes an obligation to serve the public interest selflessly. Is it possible for a civil servant to reconcile career and service obligation? Explain your position.","10","150"],[26,"(b) \"While competence without compassion can be brutal and inhumane; similarly, compassion without competence can be meaningless for persons seeking help.\" Explain the above with the help of a suitable illustration in the context of public services.","10","150"],[28,"6. (a) Does the suffering of individuals in one part of the world generate moral demands of assistance on those foreigners who live far away from them? Are these moral demands of assistance justified? Can governments be held morally responsible for failing to help the international community in times of deprivation? Discuss.","10","Answer in 150"],[30,"(b) Civil Services ethics has everything to do with management. It is as much a Departmental as a personal issue. Leaders who fail to create systems that facilitate ethical conduct are equally to blame as much as those who indulge in ethical misconduct. Do you think the Departmental culture leads to ethical misconduct or is the individual with weak willpower culpable? Discuss.","10","150"],[32,"7 You are posted as a District Development officer in a district with a low literacy rate and poor health indicators. As you took charge, your Health Secretary had given express instructions that your priority is to improve health indicators by enhancing the delivery of healthcare services.\n\nAfter taking over, you traveled around the district to study and identify ways of improving healthcare services. During your field trip, you discovered that the issue was not the accessibility of services; it was something else. You found the problem was the myths, misconceptions, and malpractices that hindered the uptake of health care services. For instance, people believed that vaccines caused impotence, immunization was equivalent to birth control, using antenatal care was counterproductive to the health of the mother and baby, and so on.\n\nYou realize that these beliefs were the behavioral barriers that stood in the way of health and nutrition services. And these behavioral barriers made it difficult for front-line workers to reach out.\n\nYou discussed your observations with the Health Secretary, and he advised you to seek inputs from the neighboring district DDO who was doing some good work. When you met with the neighboring DDO, you learned he was experimenting with using the Faith leader's influence and reach to persuade people. You were unsure about roping in faith leaders to help you overcome the behavioral barriers. As a civil servant, you felt it would be a mistake to involve faith leaders in health service schemes. When you shared your apprehensions with the Secretary, he firmly instructed you to try and innovate.\n(a) What are the issues involved in the above case?\n(b) What are the advantages and disadvantages of using Faith leaders as influencers and persuaders?","20 अंक","250"],[33,"(c) and (d) (c) If not faith leaders, what are your other options for breaking the behavioral barriers?\n(d) Do you think it is ethically right for a civil servant to involve faith leaders in promoting government schemes?","20","Answer in 250"],[36,"(d) Is it ethically right for civil servants to use faith leaders for government schemes","",""],[37,"8 You are the Head of an Agency, a special purpose vehicle, responsible for overseeing the last-mile delivery of essential services and sorting out bottlenecks and grievances of the citizens within your jurisdiction. The essential services included Maternal and infant health care, nutritional support to BPL families, drinking water availability, etc.\nYour agency employed a staff of 15 to carry out regular official operations and handle grievances. Since the agency dealt with complaints, there was an enormous amount of public dealing daily. Sometimes the agency officials had to work beyond office hours to finish the regular office work as public dealings took away most of the office hours. The employees were unhappy doing the extra bit as they were not paid any overtime. A few of them informally raised the issue with you, but you were helpless as the agency rules didn’t allow any travel or overtime allowances. You tried taking up the matter with HQ but to no avail.\nThe work stress gradually started showing up among the staff, they became irritable with the complainants, and at times they shouted at them. Besides rudeness, the staff’s language became abusive, derogatory, and sometimes casteist. You could notice that there were 4 of them in particular who were getting very abusive and discriminatory while handling grievances. As the Head, you warned them, but there was no marked change in their work attitude. To compound your problem, some of the villagers, through their Sarpanch, raised the issue of rude, disrespectful, and discriminatory behavior with your HQ. The HQ immediately instructed you to take action and create a respectful and dignified workspace.\n(a) What are the issues involved in the above case?\n(b) What are the action options available to you?","20 अंक","250"],[38,"(d) What do you understand by dignity? Distinguish between human and social dignity? Identify the common dignity violations that one notices in government departments.","20","250"],[42,"9 (a) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case? (50 words) 5 marks\n(b) Ethically analyze the company's position on paying damages and justify why/ why not the company should be liable for damages. (120 words) 10 marks.\n(c) What do you understand by the term moral responsibility? When do you think a person or an entity becomes morally responsible for actions committed or omitted? (80 words) 5 marks\na What are the ethical issues involved in the above case? (50 words) 5 marks\nb Ethically analyze the company's position on paying damages and justify why/ why not the company should be liable for damages. (120 words) 10 marks.\nc What do you understand by the term moral responsibility? When do you think a person or an entity becomes morally responsible for actions committed or omitted? (80 words) 5 marks","",""],[47,"10 (a) उपरोक्त मामले में कौन से नैतिक मुद्दे और दुविधाएँ शामिल हैं?\n(b) आपके पास कौन से विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\n(c) विकल्पों का विश्लेषण करने के बाद अपनी चुनी हुई कार्रवाई का चयन करें।\n(d) उपरोक्त मामले में आपकी नैतिक प्रेरणा क्या होनी चाहिए? क्या यह कर्तव्य, दायित्व या परिणाम होना चाहिए?\na) उपरोक्त मामले में कौन से नैतिक मुद्दे और दुविधाएँ शामिल हैं?\nb) आपके पास कौन से विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\nc) विकल्पों का विश्लेषण करने के बाद अपनी चुनी हुई कार्रवाई का चयन करें।\nd) उपरोक्त मामले में आपकी नैतिक प्रेरणा क्या होनी चाहिए? क्या यह कर्तव्य, दायित्व या परिणाम होना चाहिए?","20 अंक","250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए"],[48,"(a) What are the ethical issues and dilemmas involved in the above case?\n(b) What are the options available to you?\n(c) Select your chosen course of action after analyzing the options.\n(d) What must be your moral motivation in the above case? Should it be duty, care, or consequences?\na) What are the ethical issues and dilemmas involved in the above case?\nb) What are the options available to you?\nc) Select your chosen course of action after analyzing the options.\nd) What must be your moral motivation in the above case? Should it be duty, care, or consequences?","20","Answer in 250"],[52,"11 (a) उपरोक्त मामले में कौन से नैतिक मुद्दे शामिल हैं?\n(b) आपके अनुसार उपरोक्त मामले में सिद्धांत-उत्सुक और नियम-पालन करने वाले पुलिस कर्मियों को क्या करना चाहिए और क्यों? तर्क दीजिए।\n(c) आपके अनुसार सिविल सेवा में किसे प्राथमिकता दी जानी चाहिए, विभाग के प्रति निष्ठा, या अपने निर्णयों और सेवा मूल्यों में निष्पक्ष और गैर-पक्षपातपूर्ण होना? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए) 20 अंक\na) उपरोक्त मामले में कौन से नैतिक मुद्दे शामिल हैं?\nb) आपके अनुसार उपरोक्त मामले में सिद्धांत-उत्सुक और नियम-पालन करने वाले पुलिस कर्मियों को क्या करना चाहिए और क्यों? तर्क दीजिए।\nc) आपके अनुसार सिविल सेवा में किसे प्राथमिकता दी जानी चाहिए, विभाग के प्रति निष्ठा, या अपने निर्णयों और सेवा मूल्यों में निष्पक्ष और गैर-पक्षपातपूर्ण होना? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए) 20 अंक","20 अंक","250 शब्दों में"],[54,"(a) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\n(b) What do you think principle-oriented and rule-abiding police personnel must do in the above case? Why? Justify\n(c) What do you think must assume priority in civil service, loyalty to the department, or being impartial and non-partisan in your decisions and service values?\na) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\nb) What do you think principle-oriented and rule-abiding police personnel must do in the above case? Why? Justify\nc) What do you think must assume priority in civil service, loyalty to the department, or being impartial and non-partisan in your decisions and service values?","20","Answer in 250"],[57,"12 You are a Foreign Service official working in an embassy overseas. One of your duties was to liaise with the local Indian community, one of the country's largest immigrant groups.\n(a) उपरोक्त मामले में कौन-कौन से मुद्दे शामिल हैं?\n(b) क्या आप प्रवासी भारतीयों की मदद के बजाय अर्थनीति को प्राथमिकता देने के राजदूत के रुख से सहमत हैं? अगर हाँ तो क्यों, अगर नहीं तो क्यों नहीं?\n(c) दायित्व, परिणामवाद और कर्तव्य के बीच, आपके अनुसार भारतीय विदेश नीति का मार्गदर्शन करने के लिए उपयुक्त परिप्रेक्ष्य क्या है? तर्क दीजिए।","20 अंक","250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए"],[58,"(a) What are the issues involved in the above case?\n(b) Do you agree with the Ambassador's position of prioritizing economics over helping the diaspora? Why/why not?\n(c) Among Care, Consequentialism, and Duty, what do you think is the appropriate perspective to guide Indian Foreign policy? Justify.\na) What are the issues involved in the above case?\nb) Do you agree with the Ambassador's position of prioritizing economics over helping the diaspora? Why/why not?\nc) Among Care, Consequentialism, and Duty, what do you think is the appropriate perspective to guide Indian Foreign policy? Justify.","20","Answer in 250"]]},{"i":559,"t":"Niharika Sinha","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/NIHARIKA-SINHAUPSC_IAS_2025_Toppers_AIR_365_Sample_PSIR_COPY_5.pdf","q":[[2,"Q.1 Answer the following questions in 150 words. (10*5 = 50 Marks)\na. Contrast the orthodox and radical approaches to political economy.\nb. “Hegemonic Stability Theory” and its realist roots — comment.\nc. Discuss the significance of APEC in promoting trans Pacific economic cooperation. In what ways does it differ from more formalised customs unions?\nd. Assess the contributions and limitations of the systems approach and structural functionalism in studying non Western political systems.\ne. ‘Pluralist explanations of the state underestimate structural inequalities.’ Evaluate this statement with reference to classical and neo pluralist debates.","10*5 = 50","150"],[3,"Q.5) Answer the following questions in 150 words.\na. Explain how India leverages the principle of Special and Differential Treatment (SDT) to protect livelihood concerns and advance a \"development first\" WTO agenda.\nb. Comment on the institutional limitations of SAARC and BIMSTEC in mitigating ethnic conflicts and border tensions in South Asia.\nc. Discuss the constitutional and parliamentary mechanisms that influence foreign policy making in India.\nd. ‘Strategic autonomy, not alliance making, underpins India’s diplomacy during the Red Sea crisis.’ Analyse.\ne. Examine India’s leadership in the formative and adaptive phases of the Non Aligned Movement.","10*5 = 50","150"],[4,"Q.7 \na Discuss the limits of the “natural allies” narrative in India–US relations, and contrast them with the ‘Values-plus-multilateralism’ frame that underpins the India–EU strategic partnership. (20 marks)\nb ‘Maritime chokepoints are the new fulcrum of India’s West Asia strategy.’ Examine this statement with reference to both security and economic dimensions. (15 marks)\nc Outline a reform agenda that could convert SAFTA from a ‘paper FTA’ into a functioning South Asian Free Trade Area over the next decade. (15 marks)","",""]]},{"i":560,"t":"Nikita Verma","c":"Vision","p":"GS3","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/11e18-1344988_2081_nikita_verma_rank_30.pdf","q":[[3,"1. (a) Too much dependence on data driven technologies can result in data colonisation and digital dictatorship. Discuss the various issues that may arise in this context and suggest remedial measures.","10","150"],[5,"1. (b) Due to the recent proliferation of social media, influencers have become important agents of change in the society. Discuss with examples. Also, highlight the ethical issues involved.","10","150"],[7,"2. (a) Prejudice and discrimination when left unaddressed have the potential to turn conflicts into violence. Discuss with examples.","10","150"],[9,"2. (b) Non-violence is the highest form of fundamental moral virtue. Comment.","10","150"],[11,"3. (a) Though the ‘Me Too Movement’ helped in creating some murmur with respect to sexual harassment of women at workplace, it has failed to create a lasting positive impact on the work culture in India. Do you agree? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[13,"3. (b) India ranks 85th amongst 180 countries in the Corruption Perception Index of 2021. In this context, discuss the various ways to tackle corruption in India, with special reference to Kautilya's Arthashastra. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[15,"4. (a) An ethical work culture not only drives positive organisational outcomes but also helps employees thrive. Discuss.","10","150"],[17,"4. (b) Bring out the ethical principles on which a Citizen's Charter is formulated. Also, discuss its purpose and effectiveness in India.","10","150"],[19,"5. (a) Probity in public life is nothing but the reflection of integrity in personal life. Discuss.","10","150"],[21,"5. (b) The work culture of the police in India is said to be characterised by indecision, inefficiency and lack of empathy. Discuss. Also, suggest remedial measures in this context. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[23,"6 What does each of the following quotations mean to you?\n(a) \"It takes something more than intelligence to act intelligently.\" – Fyodor Dostoyevsky. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[25,"6. (b) \"A popular government, without popular information, or the means of acquiring it, is but a prologue to a farce or a tragedy; or perhaps both.\" - James Madison (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[27,"6. (c) \"Character may almost be called the most effective means of persuasion.\" - Aristotle (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[29,"7 You are a young IAS officer and have recently joined as a Sub-Divisional Magistrate in a district, which has been declared 'open defecation free'. However, you get information that some villages in your sub-division are still continuing the practice of open defecation out of habit despite availability of toilets. Your colleagues in the district administration confirm that the information is true. You call the village headmen of these villages and tell them to persuade their respective villagers to stop open defecation. But, they express their unwillingness and inability to fully stop this practice, as in some cases they themselves consider it healthy to defecate in the open. You discuss this matter with the District Magistrate who forbids you from taking any official action, as this may cause the 'open defecation free' status given to the district to be withdrawn. As a young and dynamic officer, answer the following:\n(a) Why do people continue to practice open defecation even when they have access to toilets?\n(b) What are the options available to you as the Sub-Divisional Magistrate in this case? Highlight the merits and demerits of each option.\n(c) What will be your course of action? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[34,"8 You are the District Magistrate of a district, which is the hub of coaching centres for engineering as well as medical entrance exams. Recently, around 5 students have committed suicide owing to academic and social pressure. Students in the age group 15-18 years from across the country come to the district with the dream of getting admission into prestigious institutions like the IITs and AIIMS. However, the coaching institutes are business-minded and want to have toppers from their institute so that they can attract more students. They create a lot of pressure on students to perform, with differential treatment like forming different category of batches depending on students' performance. These students live as Paying Guests and in hostels away from their families and many cannot tackle the huge burden of competition and the associated mental stress.\nThe recent spate of suicide by 5 students has been highlighted by the national media and you have been asked by the Chief Minister to present a report of the situation and take steps on the matter. The Chief Minister has also asked you to keep the matter away from limelight so that the coaching centres continue with their business and generate revenue for themselves as well as the state. Upon investigation, you find out that 2-3 of the most famous coaching institutions are run by political leaders of the ruling party.\n(a) इसमें शामिल हितधारकों का उल्लेख कीजिए और दिए गए प्रकरण से जुड़े नैतिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\n(b) दी गई स्थिति में, आप क्या कार्रवाई करेंगे?\n(c) छात्रों के बीच आत्महत्या के मामलों में वृद्धि के विभिन्न कारणों पर चर्चा करते हुए, इस मुद्दे के दीर्घकालिक समाधान के लिए उपाय सुझाइए। (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दें)","","250"],[35,"Given the situation:\n(a) Highlight the stakeholders involved and discuss the associated ethical issues in the given case.\n(b) Given the situation, what will be your course of action?\n(c) Discussing the various reasons for increased cases of suicides among students, suggest measures to address the issue in the long-run. (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[40,"9 You are appointed as the Project Director in a large infrastructure company of the country. The company has won the rights to develop a port and its hinterland in a state. The project has economic and strategic significance for the country as it would develop a leading transshipment hub in the region and would lead to higher exports and earnings through its operation, flourishing of new businesses and also create employment opportunities. Also, the successful completion and operationalization of the project is important for the company as some of its previous projects were halted due to protests by the local communities and not only the reputation of the company but also significant investments are at stake. The land acquisition for the project has been completed as per the laid down rules and regulations. The Environmental Impact Assessment has been carried out and the project has received the go ahead from the concerned authorities. Also, rehabilitation and alternative livelihood opportunities are made available to the affected people as per the laid-down norms. However, once the construction started, some farmer groups started agitating on the grounds that they have not been adequately compensated and that the project will negatively impact their livelihoods. They are demanding that either the project be halted or the compensation provided to them be increased substantially by way of money and assured jobs.\n(a) इस प्रकरण में प्रासंगिक हितधारकों और उन्हें प्रभावित करने वाले मुद्दों की पहचान कीजिए।\n(b) दिए गए संदर्भ में, विरोध करने वाले समूहों की मांगों को मानने के गुणों और दोषों का मूल्यांकन कीजिए।\n(c) आप कौन-सी कार्रवाई का अनुसरण करेंगे? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दें)","","250"],[41,"In this context, answer the following:\n(a) Identify the relevant stakeholders in this case and the issues affecting them.\n(b) Evaluate the merits and demerits of ceding to the demands of the protesting groups, in the given context.\n(c) What course of action will you follow? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[46,"10 In order to tackle climate change, green energy is touted as one of the best solutions. Countries are now replacing coal with hydroelectric power, fossil fuels with solar energy, petrol and diesel cars with electric vehicles (EVs). EVs are being pitched as a cleaner, greener and sustainable alternative. Electric cars use batteries, and lithium and cobalt are rare metals that make up these batteries. The cobalt in the battery keeps it stable and allows it to operate safely. Cobalt is used in about half of the electric cars, which is about four to 30 kilograms per battery.\nYou are the District Magistrate of a district where cobalt is found in abundance. On a visit to one such cobalt site, you find out that children are employed in the mines and these children flirt with death daily. They enter vertical tunnels that are too narrow for adults to enter and dig for cobalt under inhumane conditions in a furnace-like environment. Although, they sometimes use shovels, they typically dig with their bare hands. They are not provided with masks, gloves, work clothes and are only provided with 20 minutes of oxygen at a time. Yet, these young children dig for hours. Upon digging the rock, they crush it, wash it and then take their finds to the market in order to sell them.\n(a) उपयुक्त प्रकरण में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\n(b) कानूनी और संस्थागत उपायों के बावजूद, भारत में बाल श्रम के जारी रहने के कारणों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\n(c) दी गई स्थिति के संदर्भ में, जिले में बाल श्रम की समस्या के समाधान के लिए आप क्या कदम उठाएंगे? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दें)","","250"],[47,"In this regard, answer the following questions:\n(a) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the above case.\n(b) Despite the legal and institutional measures, discuss the reasons behind the prevalence of child labour in India.\n(c) In context of the given situation, what steps will you take to address the issue of child labour in the district? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[49,"b Reasons for continuance of child labour.","",""],[52,"11 You are one of the producers of a television reality show. The show is very popular in the country and has a wide viewership among all sections of the society and across various regions. However, a controversy has emerged wherein in the latest season of the show, a contestant from the film industry who has been accused of sexual harassment by many of his co-workers has been accepted as a participant. Several media houses have reported it and have criticized the show for giving a national platform to one of the country's most high-profile alleged perpetrators of female harassment. They term it as a denigration of those women who had bravely spoken up about their harassment.\nIn a personal capacity, you also feel the same and are of the view that such a controversial person should not have been invited to the show. However, when you talk to other producers about it, they opine that the controversy is good for the show, as it generates free publicity. Also, they say that a person is not guilty unless the court of law declares so and the career of a person should not be sabotaged due to media trial. Moreover, the person in question is very close to the host of the show, who is an extremely popular public figure in the country. The show commands a huge fandom and success of the show is also contingent on him. None of the producers want to antagonize the host.\nAnswer the following questions in the given situation:\n(a) What are the ethical issues involved in this case?\n(b) What options are available to you and what action will you take?\n(c) Discuss the positive and negative impacts of media trials in such cases. (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[53,"In the given situation, answer the following questions:\n(a) What are the ethical issues involved in the case?\n(b) What are the options available to you and what will be your course of action?\n(c) Discuss the positive and negative impacts of trial by media in such cases.","20","Answer in 250"],[58,"12 You have recently joined as the Chief Executive Officer of the Water Supply and Sewerage Board in a metropolitan city of India. Recently, there was an incident where two poor people died while undertaking hazardous cleaning of sewers in a posh neighbourhood, housing top corporate honchos of the city. The preliminary report found that a few residents in the said neighbourhood employed private workers to clean the sewers without the knowledge of the local city administration. A complaint for causing death by negligence has been registered against the concerned residents as well as the private contractor through whom these poor people were employed to carry out the task. The complaint has come as a shock to the residents of the neighbourhood, most of whom never had a brush with the law before. During the investigation, the residents of the neighbourhood complained that the local administration has not been cleaning sewers for a long time, forcing them to hire private workers. You also come to know that there has been a confusion over the maintenance works in the city administration.\n(a) संबंधित मुद्दों के साथ प्रकरण में शामिल हितधारकों की पहचान कीजिए।\n(b) दिए गए प्रकरण में आपके समक्ष उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन कीजिए। आप इनमें से कौन-सा विकल्प चुनेंगे और क्यों?\n(c) भविष्य में ऐसी घटनाओं को रोकने के लिए आप कौन-से दीर्घकालीन उपाय करेंगे? (उत्तर 250 शब्दों में दें)","","250"],[59,"In light of the above situation, answer the following questions:\n(a) Identify the stakeholders involved in the case along with the associated issues.\n(b) Evaluate the options that are available to you in the given case. Which of these options will you choose and why?\n(c) What will be the long-term measures you will take to prevent such an incident from occurring in the future?(Answer in 250 words)","20","250"]]},{"i":562,"t":"Nikita Verma","c":"Vision","p":"GS3","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/86a91-1344988_2079_nikita_verma_rank_30.pdf","q":[[3,"1. Examine how digital transformation of the Public Distribution System (PDS) in India has helped in addressing the challenges besetting it.","10","150"],[5,"2. Discuss how poor grain management has been a greater challenge to food security in India than the actual shortage of grains. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[7,"3. Poor quality and inadequate availability of feeds and fodder are the major reasons behind the low productivity of the livestock in India. Discuss. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[9,"4. Explain what you understand by urban agriculture and state its types. Also, discuss its significance in the context of India.","10","150"],[11,"5. The advent of climate change is leading to the revival of cultivation of millets. Discuss. Also, mention the steps taken by the government to give an impetus to millet production in India. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[13,"6. The World Economic Forum (WEF) in its latest report stated that drones have the potential to be the harbinger of \"technology-led transformation\" of Indian agriculture. Discuss.","10","150"],[15,"7. The regional connectivity scheme (RCS) completed five years some time back. In this context, evaluate the success of the scheme in achieving its stated objectives.","10","150"],[17,"8. Fertigation can help sustainably grow more food in a changing climate while radically reducing the use of precious resources such as water and minimising nutrient losses to the environment. Discuss.","10","150"],[19,"9. What is Integrated Pest Management (IPM)? Highlighting its objectives, discuss the various components of IPM. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[21,"10. In light of the challenges posed by livestock diseases, discuss the steps taken by the government to address them. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[23,"11. There is a need for interventions to enhance the coal evacuation infrastructure and reduce the freight cost to improve the overall competitiveness of coal. Discuss in the context of India.","15","Answer in 250"],[26,"12. Highlight the challenges faced in realizing the potential of digital agricultural economy. Discuss the role of public-private partnership (PPP) in this regard.","15","250"],[29,"13. The inefficiencies in post-harvest value chain are leading to crop losses, with significant adverse impact on the livelihood of small and marginal farmers. Discuss in the context of India. What steps has the government taken to address these concerns?","15","250"],[32,"14. Despite having one of the largest railway networks in the world, the speed of Indian trains lags behind in comparison to developed nations. Explain the reasons behind this and mention the steps being taken by the government in this regard.","15","250"],[35,"15. Access to land and effective control over it are crucial for inclusive growth and poverty eradication in India. Elaborate. Also, discuss the land reform measures adopted in India in recent times to ensure inclusive growth.","15","250"],[38,"16. When it comes to the energy sector, the trends of decarbonisation, decentralisation and digitisation are fast emerging. Discuss.","15","250"],[41,"17. While agricultural subsidies have supported farmers' income, they have also contributed to environmental degradation and biodiversity loss. Discuss in the context of India. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[44,"18. The persistent problems around the procurement and marketing of cereals and pulses in India can be solved by the success model of the milk sector. Discuss.","15","250"],[47,"19 Highlighting the existing issues related to land records in India, discuss how digitisation of land records and conclusive 'land titling' can help in addressing them.","15","250"],[50,"20. Despite adoption of numerous measures to streamline financing of infrastructure in the road sector, private investment has played a limited role. Discuss. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"]]},{"i":563,"t":"Nikita Verma","c":"Vision","p":"GS3","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/35163-1344988_2082_nikita_verma_rank_30.pdf","q":[[3,"1. Discuss the role that the International Solar Alliance (ISA) can play in helping the international community realise the full potential of solar energy. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[5,"2. The Pravasi Bhartiya Divas is a moment to reconnect and re-imagine new possibilities and a network to drive change, discover new ties and develop new ideas. Comment.","10","150"],[7,"3. Discuss the rationale behind India's recent pitch for 'New Orientation for a Reformed Multilateral System (NORMS)' to reflect the present day geopolitical realities.","10","150"],[9,"4. In light of the new and upcoming challenges faced by the Global South, discuss the role that India can play in empowering the voice of the Global South.","10","Answer in 150"],[11,"5. Highlighting the potential areas of cooperation between India and CARICOM member states, discuss the various measures that have been taken in recent times to strengthen India's relationship with the Caribbean countries.","10","150"],[13,"6. India's presidency of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) not only provides it with an opportunity to deepen its relations with the Central Asian nations but also promote its economic and security interests. Discuss.","10","150"],[15,"7. Bring out India's contributions towards the UN peacekeeping efforts. Also, highlight the challenges faced by the UN peacekeeping forces.","10","150"],[17,"8. As the only G20 member from South Asia, the G20 leadership is an ideal opportunity for India to use it as an effective platform to amplify South Asia's voice at the global stage. Comment.","10","150"],[19,"9. Discuss the role played by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in the field of nuclear safety. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[21,"10. The India-UAE CEPA will serve as a catalyst to bolster economic ties between the two countries and give India greater access to the region. Discuss.","10","150"],[23,"11 Despite certain challenges, the mutual understanding between India and Bangladesh has allowed the 'Golden Chapter' of the two countries to continue. Discuss.","15","250"],[26,"12. While the 2030 Roadmap for India-UK future relations seeks to revitalise the relationship between the two countries, there are major challenges that need to be ironed out. Analyse.","15","250"],[29,"13. The growing influence of China in West Asia signals the end of the US hegemony and the dawn of a new multi-polar order. Critically discuss.","15","250"],[32,"14 India is no longer wedded to 'bilateralism only' in its approach with its South Asian neighbours. Discuss. Also, highlight the challenges pertaining to effective cooperation in the region.","15","250"],[35,"15. In light of the new security cooperation efforts springing up across the Indo-Pacific, including strengthening of the Australia-Japan-U.S. trilateral, discuss the relevance of the QUAD in the present geopolitical climate. (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[38,"16. India needs to be a sensitive and generous partner to Nepal for the “Neighbourhood First” policy to take root. In this context, mention the recent roadblocks in the Indo-Nepal relationship and suggest a way forward.","15","250"],[41,"17 The Indian diaspora plays a decisive role in leveraging India's economic interests and shaping its foreign policy. In this context, discuss the major challenges faced by the Indian diaspora and steps taken by India to enhance engagement with them. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[44,"18. As India re-imagines its neighbourhood, cross-border connectivity through sub-regions is becoming increasingly vital. Analyse.","15","Answer in 250"],[47,"19. The adoption of 'Act Far East' Policy underlines the significance of the Far East region for India. Discuss. Also, highlight the impediments to India's interests in the Far East.","15","Answer in 250"],[50,"20. As security threats increase in form and frequency in the South-West Indian Ocean, discuss the role played by India in relation to small island developing states (SIDS) in the region. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"]]},{"i":561,"t":"Nikita Verma","c":"Visionias","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/d2de8-1344988_2425_nikita_verma_rank_30.pdf","q":[[6,"1. (a) For effective corporate governance to take place in the coming years, why is it important to integrate the ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) metrics with the multi-stakeholder approach? What benefits can be accrued by such integration? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[8,"1. (b) In acts of corruption, the focus is often only on the demand side of the equation, on public officials who abuse their office for private gain. Frequently, the supply side is given less attention. Those who pay bribes are sometimes depicted as innocent parties and victims of extortionary practices of wily public servants. Do you agree that 'collusive corruption', in which there is a willing bribe-giver, is a formidable challenge for institutions fighting corruption? (Answer in 150 words)","","150"],[10,"2. (a) Discuss the major obstacles that have been encountered in implementing the Citizens' Charter initiative.","10","150"],[12,"2. (b) Quality of public service delivery is a major determinant of the quality of life of vulnerable sections in a highly unequal society divided along the lines of class, caste, religion, etc. In this background, do you think that public service delivery is efficient and sufficient enough to improve the lives of vulnerable groups in India? Critically examine.","10","150"],[14,"3. (a) What do each of the following quotations mean to you?\n \"The wise man does not lay up his own treasures. The more he gives to others, the more he has for his own.\" - Lao Tzu (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"3. (b) \"If ethics are poor at the top, that behavior is copied down through the organization.\" - Robert Noyce (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[18,"3. (c) \"The end of law is not to abolish or restrain, but to preserve and enlarge freedom.\" - John Locke (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[20,"4. (a) Wealthy CEOs and founders of successful businesses around the world are increasingly pledging to give away their wealth in philanthropy. Do you think that such a move is sufficient enough to bring about a positive change in the society? Critically examine.","10","150"],[22,"4. (b) As organizations across the globe begin their artificial intelligence (AI) transformation, the leap into the AI era is expected to be more challenging than any technology that businesses have grappled with yet. In this background, discuss the concerns around fairness, transparency, and job security that may arise.","10","150"],[24,"5. (a) The emphasis of Swami Dayanand Saraswati on education, social equality, and ethical values continues to influence the socio-cultural discourse in contemporary India. Discuss with suitable examples.","10","150"],[26,"5. (b) Write short notes on the following in 30 words each :\n(i) Dedication to public service\n(ii) Non-partisanship in civil service\n(iii) Objectivity in decision-making","2 x 5 = 10","30 words each"],[28,"6. (a) Emotional intelligence may not be singularly associated with emotions or intelligence. It can also include a broad range of personality characteristics that might predict success in professional and everyday life. Discuss.","10","150"],[30,"6. (b) Traditional forms of state-led accountability, also characterised as vertical and horizontal channels of accountability, are increasingly found to be inadequate, and a myriad of multi-stakeholder and bottom-up citizen directed approaches have come to the fore, to supplement or supplant them. Discuss with illustrations.","10","150"],[32,"7 In the context of this case, answer the following:\n(a) What are the issues involved in this case?\n(b) What measures can be taken to reduce the negative impacts of such technologies? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[33,"With reference to this case study, answer the following:\n(a) What are the issues involved in this case?\n(b) What measures can be taken to minimize the negative implications of adopting such technologies? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[37,"8 दी गई स्थिति में:\n(a) रीना को किन दुविधाओं का सामना करना पड़ रहा है?\n(b) उसके पास क्या विकल्प हैं? प्रत्येक के गुण और दोष बताइए।\n(c) उसके द्वारा अपनाई जाने वाली कार्रवाई को रेखांकित कीजिए, साथ ही उसका औचित्य सिद्ध कीजिए। (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250"],[38,"In the given situation:\n(a) What dilemmas does Rina face?\n(b) What options does she have? Provide the merits and demerits of each.\n(c) Highlight the course of action she should adopt, along with justification for the same. (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[42,"9 You have recently been posted as a Nodal Education Officer in one of the districts, where mass cheating in examinations is a regular phenomenon. Media reports have shown parents and relatives scaling school walls and buildings to pass answer chits to students taking secondary school examinations in the district. Moreover, with the advent of new technological devices, cheating in examinations has become more sophisticated and exam rules are flouted openly. On investigation, it has come to your notice that these rackets are run by many school authorities, including exam invigilators who are mostly teachers, and they are hand in glove for profits. With a shortage of staff, invigilators threaten go on mass strikes if any action is taken. Conducting the exams, cancelling them on account of cheating and having re-exams are a loss of time and money for the government and this vicious cycle goes on.\n\nAs the Nodal Education Officer of the district, address the following questions:\n(a) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\n(b) How will you resolve the issues in the given case?\n(c) What long-term strategy needs to be adopted to deal with the menace of cheating in various examinations? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[47,"10 उपयुक्त जानकारी के संदर्भ में, निम्नलिखित पर ध्यान दीजिए:\n(a) प्रस्तुत प्रकरण में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दे कौन-से हैं?\n(b) महासागरों की संधारणीयता पर प्रतिकूल प्रभाव डाले बिना किसी राष्ट्र के आर्थिक विकास के दृष्टिकोण को कैसे प्राप्त किया जा सकता है? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250 शब्दों में"],[48,"In the context of the above-stated information, address the following:\n(a) What are the ethical issues in the given case study?\n(b) How can the vision of economic development of a nation be achieved without adversely affecting the sustainability of oceans? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[52,"11 (a) आप एक जिला मजिस्ट्रेट हैं और यह क्षेत्र आपके क्षेत्राधिकार में आता है। दोनों पक्षों के लोग अपनी शिकायतें लेकर आपके पास आए हैं। आप दोनों दृष्टिकोणों में सामंजस्य स्थापित करने के लिए क्या करेंगे?\n(b) कारवाई के निम्नलिखित संभावित तरीकों के गुण और दोषों का उल्लेख कीजिए:\n(1) क्षेत्र के निवासियों के विरोध को नजरअंदाज करना और धार्मिक पूजा स्थल को मौजूदा नियमों के अनुसार बनाने की अनुमति दे देना।\n(2) नए पूजा स्थल पर भरोसा करने वाले हजारों उपासकों को निराश करते हुए, निवासियों से सहमत होकर निर्माण पर रोक लगा देना।\n(3) एक समझौते के रूप में, आपके द्वारा पूजा स्थल पर भवन निर्माण संबंधी अतिरिक्त नियमों को लागू किया जाना या डिजाइन में संशोधन पर बल दिया जाना। (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250 शब्दों में"],[53,"(a) You are a District Magistrate and the area lies in your jurisdiction. People from both sides have approached you with their grievances. What would you do to reconcile the two points of view?\n(b) Mention the merits and demerits of the following potential courses of action:\n(1) Ignore the opposition from the residents of the area and allow the place of religious worship to be built in accordance with the existing regulations.\n(2) Prohibit the construction, agreeing with the residents while causing distress among the thousands of worshippers counting on the new place of worship.\n(3) As a compromise, you place additional building regulations on the worship place or insist on modifications to the design. (Answer in 250 words)\na) You are a District Magistrate and the area lies in your jurisdiction. People from both sides have approached you with their grievances. What would you do to reconcile the two points of view?\nb) Mention the merits and demerits of the following potential courses of action:\n(1) Ignore the opposition from the residents of the area and allow the place of religious worship to be built in accordance with the existing regulations.\n(2) Prohibit the construction, agreeing with the residents while causing distress among the thousands of worshippers counting on the new place of worship.\n(3) As a compromise, you place additional building regulations on the worship place or insist on modifications to the design.","","250"],[57,"12 You are a public representative, elected on the ticket of a political party, considered as conservative by many. Your daughter, who has returned years after studying abroad, has conveyed to you her choice of marrying a person from another community. You personally do not consider anything wrong in her choice, and convey your assent to her. You also discuss it with many among your friends and family, and inform them of a grand wedding ceremony you are planning for your daughter. However, a few days after you have shared the news of the forthcoming grand wedding with many, you are informed by your political secretary about an issue being made of the same. He informs you that there are whispers among many people in your constituency about it, and indications of a sense of unease among some prominent citizens. While most of them are enamoured by your plans for a grand wedding ceremony for your daughter, they are unhappy about the bridegroom being from another community. You also get to know through your sources in the party, that your assent to the choice of the bridegroom may lead to a denial of ticket by the high command in the forthcoming elections. You are not only an ambitious politician and a rising star in your political party but also an open-minded, loving and doting father. But howsoever much you love your daughter's freedom and choices, you do not want her decision to adversely affect your political journey. This is more so, when you had been eagerly looking forward to greater responsibilities and a higher stature in the party, given the years of hardwork you have put in, as a politician. Your daughter, on the other hand, is firm with her choice and does not want her impending grand wedding to be affected in any way. She is adamant\n(a) उपयुक्त प्रकरण में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दे कौन-से हैं?\n(b) एक पिता और एक महत्वाकांक्षी राजनीतिज्ञ के रूप में आपके पास उपलब्ध विभिन्न विकल्प क्या हैं?\n(c) आपकी कार्रवाई का तरीका क्या होगा? उचित तर्क सहित पुष्टि कीजिए। (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250"],[58,"Given this situation, answer the following:\n(a) What are the ethical issues in the above situation?\n(b) What are the various options that you have, as a father and an ambitious politician?\n(c) What will be your course of action? Justify with proper reasoning. (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"]]},{"i":564,"t":"Nishchal Jain","c":"Forumias","p":"Essay","y":2025,"r":119,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/NISHCHAL-JAINUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-119-Sample-Essay-Copy-1-1.pdf","q":[[3,"1. Glaciers are the canaries in the coal mine of climate change.","",""],[16,"1. True peace is not merely the absence of tension; it is the presence of justice.\n2. The saddest aspect of life right now is that science gathers knowledge faster than society gathers wisdom.\n3. Human development suffers when interdependence is mismanaged.\n4. No one can make you feel inferior without your consent.","",""]]},{"i":568,"t":"Nishchal Jain","c":"Forumias","p":"GS1","y":2025,"r":119,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/NISHCHAL-JAINUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-119-Sample-MGP-Copy-4.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) \"Bhagavad Gita and Natyashastra are not merely texts; they exemplify the timeless wisdom, richness and diversity of Indian knowledge traditions.\" Elaborate.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) The Harappan civilization was a \"technological powerhouse\" that laid the foundation for sophisticated urban living in ancient South Asia. In light of this statement, discuss the key technological breakthroughs and contributions of this Bronze Age culture.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) Why is the First World War considered as the first 'total' war in modern history?","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) Highlight the differences in the approach of Bhagat Singh and Mahatma Gandhi in the struggle for freedom.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) Briefly explain the processes through which the earth-atmosphere system maintains heat balance.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6 What characteristics of the monsoon climate play a crucial role in sustaining agriculture in Monsoon Asia?","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) Account for the factors influencing the location of semiconductor industries across the world.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) Unemployment is not just an economic challenge, but a social one with far-reaching consequences. In this context, discuss the social impact of unemployment in the country.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9) Globalization has facilitated the influx of global brands and multinational corporations into the Indian market, significantly altering the consumer behaviour. Do you agree? Justify your answer.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10) Discuss how social media is reshaping identity formation and self-worth among adolescents in contemporary Indian society.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11) The fusion of Islamic architectural styles with indigenous Indian traditions played a key role in the evolution of Indo-Islamic architecture in the country. Discuss with examples.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12 'Emergency' is one of the most controversial and widely debated events in Indian politics. How far do you agree with the view that it was imposed to fulfil individual political goals rather than serve national interests? Also, discuss the short-term and long-term impacts of the Emergency.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13) What are 'atmospheric rivers'? How do they influence global weather patterns and impact human settlements?","15","250"],[32,"Q.14) Despite sharing a similar latitude, why does the Mediterranean climate vary from the China-type climate? How do the differences in climate affect life and economic activities in the region?","15","250"],[35,"Q.15) \"The tropical Indian Ocean is likely to be in a near-permanent heatwave state.\" Discuss the factors responsible for the rapid warming of the Indian Ocean along with its multi-dimensional impacts.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16) How can the demographic transition in the southern states, marked by low fertility rates and an aging population, impact the region's economic growth and social welfare policies?","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 Incidence of extreme rainfall events and flash floods in recent times has led to devastating consequences for major cities of India. Analyse.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 \"Air pollution is as much an issue of equity and justice as it is an environmental one.\" Elaborate with examples.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19) Analyze the socio-cultural factors contributing to the high attrition rate among women in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) careers in India. Suggest measures to improve their retention in STEM.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 “Caste census is relevant and necessary for any well-designed policy to reduce social inequality”. Comment.","15","250"]]},{"i":565,"t":"Nishchal Jain","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2025,"r":119,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/NISHCHAL-JAINUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-119-Sample-MGP-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) Examine the scope and significance of the Supreme Court's advisory jurisdiction under Article 143 of the Constitution.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) What is delimitation, and why is it important? What challenges are associated with the delimitation exercise in India?","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) How has asymmetric federalism helped India accommodate its diverse regional needs? Discuss with suitable examples.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) Explain how the terms 'socialist' and 'secular' in the Preamble embody specific meanings in the Indian context.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5 The role of State Finance Commissions in building regional equity and strengthening the federal link has largely been underutilized. Discuss.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6 How far do you think has the National Commission for Protection of Child Rights (NCPCR) been successful in protecting and promoting child rights in India?","10","150"],[15,"Q.7 Outline the salient features of New Education Policy (NEP) 2020 related to school education. What does it state about the medium of instruction in schools?","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) Throw light on the legal frameworks that are in place to ensure women's safety in India. What further steps are needed to enhance their safety and well-being?","10","150"],[19,"Q.9 \"A multipolar world order is not merely an option but a necessity\". Elaborate. How can India leverage its position to strengthen multipolarity in the global arena?","10","150"],[21,"Q.10 \"ASEAN is the cornerstone of India's Act East Policy and its Indo-Pacific vision.\" Elucidate.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11 Discuss the various administrative challenges faced by local self-governments (LSGs). What measures do you suggest for devolving administrative powers to LSGs, enabling them to function as institutions of genuine self-governance?","15","250"],[26,"Q.12) In light of recent developments, the Collegium system and the Supreme Court's decision to strike down the National Judicial Appointments Commission (NJAC) Act, 2014 have once again come under scrutiny. Do you think that a NJAC-like body can make judicial appointments more transparent, broad-based, and accountable? Justify your answer.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 Differentiate between the clemency powers of the Presidents of India and the USA. Also, critically examine the vesting of clemency power in the executive.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14) What constitutes corrupt practices under the Representation of the People Act, 1951? Also, discuss the challenges in curbing such malpractices and suggest remedial measures.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 Discuss the role of the Vice-President as the Chairman of the Rajya Sabha. Also describe the procedure for his/her removal from office.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16 \"Universal Basic Income (UBI) is a viable solution to eradicate extreme poverty in India.\" Critically discuss the statement.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 What are the key determinants of malnutrition among under-five children in the country? Also, elaborate on the role of nutrition-specific and nutrition-sensitive interventions in addressing this issue.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 \"Data is the raw material of Artificial Intelligence.\" In this context, discuss the need for transparent and accountable data governance frameworks in India. What steps has the government taken in this regard?","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 Critically examine the role of International Monetary Fund (IMF) in addressing debt distress in the Global South. How can India use its post-G20 presidency momentum to push IMF reforms?","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 \"In a fluid geopolitical arena, engagement without formal endorsement is a pragmatic middle path.\" Do you agree? Explain in the context of India's current approach towards the Taliban regime in Afghanistan.","15","250"]]},{"i":566,"t":"Nishchal Jain","c":"Forumias","p":"GS3","y":2025,"r":119,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/NISHCHAL-JAINUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-119-Sample-MGP-Copy-2-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) What is a 'Census'? Discuss the importance of Census for the economy and policy making.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Assess the role of NITI Aayog over the past decade in transforming the country's approach to planning and development.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) Discuss various measures taken by the Government to strengthen the Cooperative movement and ensure \"Sahakar Se Samriddhi\".","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) India remains significantly dependent on imports to meet its pulses demand. Examine the key challenges in achieving self-reliance in pulses. Also, mention the major government initiatives taken in this regard.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5 What is a 'Black box'? Explain its significance in flight safety and airplane crash investigations.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) How does NISAR mission exemplify international cooperation in space exploration and scientific research? In what ways will it help in climate change monitoring and natural hazard management?","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) While oceans are considered among mankind's best allies in the fight against climate change, they are themselves heavily impacted by the same. Discuss.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8 \"Disasters cannot be managed by a single agency, department, or ministry on its own. It requires a whole-of-government and whole-of-society approach.\" Elucidate.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9) The convergence of organized crime and terrorism presents a formidable challenge to the country's internal security. Analyse.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10 In an era of complex security challenges, examine the ways in which the private sector can contribute to strengthening India's internal security.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11) Recently, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) announced a transfer of surplus to the Union Government for the financial year 2024-25. What does 'surplus' mean in this context? How does the RBI generate it, and what is its significance for the country's fiscal policy?","15","250"],[26,"Q.12) Examine the role of Public-Private Partnership (PPP) model in the development of ports in India.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 \"Legalizing the Minimum Support Price (MSP) would create more challenges than it resolves.\" Comment.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 Why does India's agricultural export performance remain weak despite high production levels? What measures would you suggest to improve agri-export competitiveness?","15","250"],[35,"Q.15) How the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) can help India in its socio-economic development? Identify the hurdles in its large-scale adoption and suggest corrective measures.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16) What is a Geographical Indication (GI)? What are the legal frameworks governing it? How does it differ from a trademark? How can GI infringement be tackled?","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 \"Mangroves contribute significantly to the coastal economy and ecology, but they are threatened by numerous factors\". Elaborate. Also, state the measures taken by the government for mangrove conservation and restoration.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18) What is oil pollution? What are its impacts on the marine ecosystem? In what way is oil pollution particularly harmful for a country like India?","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have become an integral aspect of modern conflict and warfare, employed by both state and non-state actors. Discuss its implications for India's security architecture and state the measures being taken to address them. Also suggest other steps to tackle the threats emanating from UAVs.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 Maritime security challenges are complex, driven by both conventional and non-conventional threats. In this context, discuss the key maritime security challenges in India. Also, highlight the measures taken by the government in this regard.","15","250"]]},{"i":567,"t":"Nishchal Jain","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":2025,"r":119,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/NISHCHAL-JAINUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-119-Sample-MGP-Copy-3-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) The increasing use of digital surveillance technologies for maintaining law and order is a debatable issue. Critically examine the statement from the ethical point of view.","10","150"],[5,"b) Knowledge and skills are important, but they must be grounded in ethical principles for true success. In this context, discuss the importance of ethics in education and the role of educational institutions in imparting ethical values.","10","150"],[7,"Q.2) a) How does persuasion help achieve a desired change in attitude? What are the elements of an effective persuasive approach?","10","150"],[9,"b) While scientific research drives technological progress and societal development, its funding often raises ethical questions. What ethical concerns arise from corporate sponsorship of scientific research, and how can these be addressed?","10","150"],[11,"Q.3) Given below are three quotations of great thinkers. What do each of these quotations convey to you in the present context?\na) \"Where do the evils like corruption arise from? It comes from the never-ending greed. The fight for corruption-free ethical society will have to be fought against this greed and replace it with 'what can I give' spirit.\" - A.P.J. Abdul Kalam","10","150"],[13,"b) \"The greatest glory in living lies not in never failing, but in rising every time we fail.\" - Nelson Mandela","10","150"],[15,"c) \"Your goodness is an impediment in your way, so let your eyes be red with anger, and try to fight the injustice with a firm hand.\" - Sardar Patel","10","150"],[17,"Q.4) a) What do you understand by the term \"Conflict of Interest\"? How does it manifest in the decision making by public servants? In what ways can it be minimized?","10","150"],[19,"b) \"In post-conflict rehabilitation, the pursuit of justice must be balanced with the need for reconciliation.\" Examine this statement in the context of addressing ethnic violence.","10","150"],[21,"Q.5) a) In the ever-evolving landscape of academic institutions, administrators must not only manage academic issues but also emotional and interpersonal dynamics. In this context, discuss the significance of emotionally intelligent administrators in higher education.","10","150"],[23,"b) \"The recognition of the horrors of nuclear weapons should compel nations to move towards meaningful disarmament. However, geopolitical interests continue to hinder genuine progress in this direction. What are the ethical considerations of nuclear states to pursue global disarmament, and how can the international community balance security concerns with the moral imperative of a nuclear-free world?\"","10","150"],[25,"Q.6) a) \"Probity in governance is an essential and vital requirement for an efficient and effective system of governance and for socio-economic development.\" Discuss the statement with examples.","10","150"],[27,"b) How can responsible and informed social media use be nurtured among children to make the internet a safer space for them?","10","150"],[29,"Q.7) Arushi is a young IPS officer known for her competence, integrity, and relentless dedication to challenging tasks. Recognizing her excellent track record, her superiors have chosen her to handle a sensitive assignment in a tribal-dominated district notorious for illegal bauxite mining. Here, the mafia mines bauxite from mineral-rich lands, transports it by truck, and sells it on the black market. This illegal operation thrives with the support of certain local officials and tribal musclemen who intimidate the local population and bribe select poor tribals to maintain control and silence.\n\nUpon assuming the new role, Arushi quickly grasps the ground realities and identifies the mafia's modus operandi, characterized by a series of devious tactics. Her inquiries reveal that several employees in her office are colluding with the mafia, forming an unholy nexus that enables these illegal operations. Determined to dismantle this network, she initiates strict actions, including raids on trucks transporting illegally mined bauxite. These actions significantly disrupt the mafia's operations, unsettling criminals unaccustomed to such resistance. Some office employees allegedly allied with the mafia inform the criminals of her determination to dismantle their operations, posing a serious threat to their profits. In response, the mafia adopts a counter-offensive strategy. Tribal strongmen and mafia operatives begin issuing direct threats to her, warning of severe consequences if the raids continue. Her family (husband and elderly mother) are stalked and placed under virtual surveillance, causing mental anguish and stress for them all. Matters assume serious propositions when a muscleman appears in her office and threatens that if she does not halt raids, etc., she will suffer the same fate as a predecessor officer who was killed by the mafia a decade earlier.\na) Discuss the ethical issues involved in this case.\nb) Identify and evaluate the different options available to Arushi under the given situation.\nc) Which option would she adopt and why?","20","250"],[31,"(b) Options available to Anushi\n(I) Bowling down under the pressure of mafia.\n(II) Launch massive operations against mafia at under level.","",""],[34,"Q.8 The Siang Upper Multipurpose Project (SUMP) is proposed on a river in a northeastern state of India, a recognized biodiversity hotspot. Covered in dense forests, this region harbors a rich diversity of flora and fauna, including numerous endemic species. Although sparsely populated, the region's communities have livelihoods and cultural practices deeply intertwined with the natural landscape. Its ecological wealth has been preserved over the years due to its environmental significance and cultural heritage. Additionally, the Upper Siang basin holds immense strategic importance due to its proximity to international borders, offering potential leverage in regional security and resource management.\nThe SUMP aims to harness the river's energy for economic growth, proposing infrastructure that includes an 11,000 MW \"mega dam,\" power stations, and transmission lines that could transform the state into a renewable energy hub. Proponents argue that the project will boost the state's economy through power generation, employment, and enhanced infrastructure while also helping meet the country's clean energy targets.\nHowever, a local NGO has raised concerns about the ecological and social costs of SUMP. The project would require extensive forest clearance, which plays a crucial role in carbon sequestration. Additionally, experts warn that construction activities could disturb the region's delicate ecosystems. This may affect riverine biodiversity and increase the risk of soil erosion and sedimentation, with potential downstream effects on agriculture and water quality. Another major issue raised is the potential displacement and cultural impact on local communities. This could threaten their subsistence-based livelihoods and disrupt their way of life. Critics also highlight that the project may contradict India's commitments to sustainable development.\nDespite these concerns, supporters of the project argue that SUMP's strategic importance and clean energy potential cannot be ignored. Moreover, they emphasize the project's strategic location, which would strengthen energy security, reduce regional inequalities, and contribute to the country's long-term development goals. They argue that amidst rising energy demands, the country cannot afford to forgo such an opportunity, especially given the presence of hydroelectric projects across borders that could shift regional control over water resources.\n(a) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\n(b) In your opinion, which should take priority between development and conservation, and why?","20","250"],[35,"(a) उपयुक्त परिस्थिति में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों का वर्णन कीजिए?\n(b) आपकी राय में विकास और संरक्षण में से किसे प्राथमिकता दी जानी चाहिए और क्यों?","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[39,"Q.9) Inside a busy city administration office, Joint Municipal Commissioner Keerthi, who also serves as the Public Information Officer (PIO), faces a challenging situation. Recently, an RTI application has been received, demanding details about public infrastructure projects initiated during her tenure. Upon reviewing the requested information, Keerthi discovers that certain decisions made regarding these projects were not entirely sound in hindsight. These decisions, although taken in good faith and after due diligence, failed to realize promised outcomes. There were other employees also who were party to this decision. The disclosure of this information could potentially lead to scrutiny and backlash against herself, the employees, and contractors involved. Known for her integrity and commitment to public service, Keerthi finds herself at a crossroads. The RTI Act has served as a critical check against administrative arbitrariness, ensuring transparency and accountability. However, she also observes a troubling trend. RTI applications are often used by vested interests and activists seeking personal gain rather than genuine public interest. Some activists even resort to threats or extortion tactics, undermining the integrity of the RTI process. She fears the requested RTI information could be similarly exploited. Moreover, the employees involved are requesting her to withhold the information. In navigating this situation, Keerthi weighs her options carefully.\n(a) Critically examine the options available to Keerthi in the above situation.\n(b) Which of the above would be the most appropriate for Keerthi and why?","20","250"],[44,"Q.10 Littering at popular tourist destinations has become a significant environmental and ethical concern in India. A recent incident highlighted this issue when tourists were observed throwing tissue papers and a cake box on the road after celebrating a birthday. When a local politely requested them to use a nearby dustbin just 5 feet away, the tourists dismissed the appeal, claiming no dustbin was available. The situation escalated when their driver threw a plastic bag into the adjacent valley.\n\nPublic reactions to the incident were divided. Some individuals commended the intervention as an effort to promote civic responsibility, emphasizing the need to protect fragile ecosystems like hill stations. Many argued that tourists must adhere to basic environmental ethics and that public spaces are a shared responsibility. Critics also highlighted the broader implications of such irresponsible behavior on the environment and local livelihoods.\n\nOn the other hand, the tourists involved accused those intervening of interfering in their personal affairs, claiming their privacy was being violated. The argument that the tourists were being publicly shamed through the viral video added another layer to the ethical debate. Many questioned whether posting such incidents online, even for a social cause, was appropriate or necessary.\n\nThe debate continues, with one side emphasizing the collective responsibility to preserve public spaces and the environment, while the other raises concerns about individual privacy and autonomy.\n(a) What are the ethical concerns associated with tourists littering at public destinations?\n(b) How can ethical tourism practices be integrated into policies to address issues like littering at tourist destinations?\n(c) Suggest a course of action that balances environmental responsibility and individual rights. Justify your answer.","20","250"],[49,"Q.11 You are the Operations Manager at a fast-growing technology startup, NexGen Solutions, known for its innovative projects and timely delivery. The startup's environment is fast-paced, with tight deadlines and high expectations from clients and investors. Your current project, creating a cutting-edge AI based application, is critical for securing upcoming funding and partnerships. Your small, capable team includes four software developers and two project coordinators, with an equal number of men and women.\nRecently, the team has encountered major challenges. Priya, one of the female developers, has requested leave to care for her ailing mother. Meanwhile, another team member, Ayesha, is struggling to manage her workload along with caring for her infant child. As a result, other team members have taken on extra tasks, impacting their work-life balance and causing heightened stress. With the project deadline looming, tensions in the team have become visible. During a crucial project meeting, Karan, a senior developer, voices his frustration, saying, \"Perhaps it's not ideal to have team members who can't fully commit during critical stages.\"\nKaran's remark triggers an immediate reaction. Neha, a project coordinator, finds his comment offensive and reports it to the Human Resources (HR) Department. She also hints that she might bring the issue to social media, which could harm the startup's image. The HR Department, located at the company's headquarters, investigates and recommends disciplinary action against Karan, emphasizing the importance of a respectful, inclusive workplace. Their recommendation puts you in a difficult situation. The project is already delayed, and losing a senior developer like Karan could jeopardize its timely completion.\nYou are now faced with a complex dilemma. On one hand, it's vital to address the inappropriate comment and ensure a respectful work culture. On the other hand, you must keep the project on track without further demotivating your team.\n(a) Discuss the ethical issues involved in this case.\n(b) As the Operations Manager, how would you deal with the given situation?\n(c) Based on the case study, discuss the challenges faced by women at workplace. How can such challenges be addressed?","20","250"],[54,"Q.12) Prateek Kumar, the Project Manager, is in charge of the construction of a highly anticipated highway that is expected to drive regional development. The project aims to enhance connectivity, boost trade, and create substantial employment opportunities. Given its importance, it has become a focal point for the ruling party, which is actively promoting it as a symbol of progress ahead of the upcoming state elections next year. The timely completion of the highway is crucial, as the Chief Minister is scheduled to inaugurate it upon completion. This has led to added pressure on Prateek and his team to meet the approaching deadline, which is set for next month.\nDuring a routine inspection, Prateek discovers that a particular stretch of the highway has been built with substandard materials. This section fails to meet the required safety and durability standards, posing a serious threat to public safety and lives. If left unresolved, the compromised quality could lead to accidents, undermining both the project's credibility and the government's promises for safe and reliable infrastructure. Concerned, Prateek raises the issue with the contractor, but the contractor downplays the severity, claiming that minor adjustments will fix the problem without causing major delays.\nIn a subsequent team meeting, some senior members suggest that Prateek overlook the quality concerns to ensure the project remains on schedule. They argue that the majority of the highway meets standards and emphasize the severe economic and political consequences of delays. With elections approaching, they stress the importance of the Chief Minister's inauguration as a key political event. They warn that any delay could damage the ruling party's image, harm its electoral prospects, and potentially have repercussions for the team and the organization.\nLater, the contractor privately approaches Prateek with a substantial bribe, urging him to ignore the issue and allow the project to proceed. The contractor justifies his actions by citing financial pressures and the need to complete the project on time. Prateek is an honest and upright officer, but he understands that addressing the problem would delay the project, making it impossible to meet the deadline.\n(a) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the case.\n(b) Under the given conditions, what are the options available to Prateek as the Project Manager? Critically evaluate each of the options.\n(c) What option should Prateek adopt and why?","20","250"]]},{"i":569,"t":"P Vibisha","c":"Forumias","p":"Essay","y":2025,"r":320,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/P-VIBISHAUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-320-Sample-ESSAY-Copy-2.pdf","q":[[3,"1. True leadership lies in serving not ruling.\n2. Democracy is not just the right to vote, it is the right to live in dignity.\n3. Growing regional aspirations and demand for greater autonomy: A challenge to Indian federalism.\n4. The ballot is stronger than the bullet.","",""],[5,"Growing regional aspirations - challenge to federalism","",""],[9,"Regional aspirations and Greater demand for autonomy - strengthens federalism","",""],[16,"1. The great aim of education is not knowledge but action.","",""],[30,"When must you seek mentorship?","",""]]},{"i":570,"t":"P Vibisha","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":2025,"r":320,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/P-VIBISHAUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-320-Sample-MGP-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) ‘Unconscious biases in parenting continue to shape gendered experiences in India.’ Do you agree with this view? Discuss.","10","150"],[5,"b) Distinguish between empathy and compassion. Why are they considered as foundational values in public services?","10","150"],[7,"Q.2) a) The current society is witnessing rising levels of intolerance. What are the consequences of this situation for personal well-being and for societal well-being? What can one do at the personal level to become tolerant?","10","150"],[9,"b) What are the main components of emotional intelligence and how does it help an individual in taking ethical decisions?","10","150"],[11,"Q.3) Given below are the three quotations of great thinkers. What do each of these quotations convey to you in the present context?\na) \"This life is short, the vanities of the world are transient, but they alone live who live for others, the rest are more dead than alive.\" -Swami Vivekanand","10","150"],[13,"b) \"If you cry because the sun has gone out of your life, your tears will prevent you from seeing the stars.\" - Rabindranath Tagore","10","150"],[15,"c) \"Two ways of building character - cultivating strength to challenge oppression, and tolerate the resultant hardships that give rise to courage and awareness.\" - Sardar Patel","10","150"],[17,"Q.4) a) \"With great power comes great responsibility.\" In the present context, 'Big Tech' headquartered in developed countries wield disproportionate influence over digital infrastructure, personal data, and global narratives—often prioritising profit over ethical considerations. What ethical principles should guide such corporations in building a fair, inclusive, and just global digital framework?","10","150"],[19,"b) What do you understand by the term 'crisis of conscience'? Describe an incident from your life where you experienced such a crisis. How did you deal with it?","10","150"],[21,"Q.5) a) “A politics of confession that encourages politicians and parties to confess and offer regret for their errors can surely be a cathartic experience.” Examine the statement from the ethical point of view.","10","150"],[23,"b) What are the key objectives of the Right to Information Act, 2005? Examine the ethical concerns associated with certain provisions of the Digital Personal Data Protection Act in realizing the objectives of the RTI Act.","10","150"],[25,"Q.6) a) Public spaces serve as arenas of democratic participation and civic expression. Yet in India, they remain deeply gendered, with many women largely confined to the private and domestic sphere. Examine the factors that restrict women's access to public spaces. How can ethical governance help address the issue of gendered spatial control and promote inclusivity in public spaces?","10","150"],[27,"b) Write short notes on the following in 30 words each:\ni) Ethical fading\nii) Conflict of interest\niii) Persuasion\niv) Work culture\nv) Corporate governance","10 marks, 150","30 words each"],[29,"Q.7) A State Government in the northeastern part of the country has launched a series of anti-encroachment drives across forest areas, wetlands, and revenue lands. Under the directions of the Chief Minister, the administration has intensified efforts to reclaim public land, particularly in areas reserved for ecological protection and critical infrastructure development. Most of the time, these actions have been backed by court orders and have resulted in the recovery of thousands of hectares of land. However, in certain regions, the implementation of such drives is fraught with social and political complexities. In several districts, settlements have existed for decades and are inhabited by marginalized communities with limited access to legal rights or formal rehabilitation measures. These areas are often politically sensitive and influenced by local leaders and pressure groups. Simanta is posted as Additional Deputy Commissioner (ADC) in one such district. Over the past year, the district administration has attempted to align eviction measures with welfare outreach, including the provision of temporary shelters, relocation assistance, and public consultations. Recently, a major operation was scheduled to clear encroachments from over 140 hectares of forest land within a Reserved Forest, primarily to curb rising instances of human-elephant conflict and to restore ecological balance. Anticipating eviction, some residents approached the High Court seeking a stay. However, the court refused to grant it and directed the administration to proceed with the eviction following due process. Notices were served, and a detailed roadmap was prepared to carry out the operation, which was expected to last 2-3 days due to the scale and remote location. On the first day, Simanta led a team comprising forest officials, municipal workers, and police personnel. Demolitions were conducted peacefully and without major resistance. However, on the second day, when the team returned to the site, a large group of agitated residents—primarily women and children—had gathered. They raised slogans and formed human chains to prevent further evictions. The atmosphere grew tense when some individuals began throwing stones, resulting in serious injury to a municipal worker. The crowd grew increasingly volatile and emotionally charged, demanding an immediate halt to the operation. The police contingent present on the ground was outnumbered by the crowd. Faced with this crisis, some team members pleaded with Simanta to call off the operation, fearing threats to their life and the possibility of a violent escalation. Simanta attempted to contact his superior officer (the Deputy Commissioner), but due to poor mobile connectivity in the forested area, communication could not be established. Meanwhile, several local journalists had arrived and begun reporting on the incident. Simanta is in a dilemma as to what to do.\na. Evaluate the options available with Simanta to cope with the situation.\nb. Which of the above options would be the most appropriate for Simanta and why?\nc. What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by Simanta?\nd. Examine the qualities of a public servant which will be required to manage such situations.","20","250"],[30,"a. स्थिति से निपटने के लिए सिमंता के पास उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन करें।\nb. सिमंता के लिए सबसे उपयुक्त होगा और क्यों?\nc. सिमंता को किन नैतिक दुविधाओं का सामना करना पड़ रहा है?\nd. ऐसी परिस्थितियों का प्रबंधन करने के लिए एक लोक सेवक के गुणों का परीक्षण करें।\na स्थिति से निपटने के लिए सिमंता के पास उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन करें।\nb सिमंता के लिए सबसे उपयुक्त होगा और क्यों?\nc सिमंता को किन नैतिक दुविधाओं का सामना करना पड़ रहा है?\nd ऐसी परिस्थितियों का प्रबंधन करने के लिए एक लोक सेवक के गुणों का परीक्षण करें।","20 अंक","250 शब्द"],[34,"Q.8) Megha is a first-year sociology student at a reputed college in the national capital. She is originally from Tadchiroli, a tribal village in a western Indian state. Megha's family migrated to the city when she was seven years old and had not visited their village since. Though Megha has fond memories of her childhood there, she never deeply understood the customs and traditions of the region. One day, Megha expresses her wish to visit Tadchiroli. Her father agrees and asks her to inform Ratan, her paternal uncle, who still lives in the village with his family. Megha informs Ratan and travels to the village during a semester break. Upon arrival, she receives a warm welcome from Ratan and his family. Later, Ratan invites her to attend a local festival. During the event, Megha notices that her cousin Rinki is missing. Curious, she asks Ratan's wife Ratna why Rinki is not at the festival. Ratna explains that Rinki is on her period, and as per tradition, menstruating girls must stay separately in small huts built specifically for the purpose. Locally known as 'kurma ghars', they are generally located on the periphery of the village, near a river or pond. She further adds that these girls are not allowed to enter the main house or participate in any social or religious activities. Megha is taken aback. She asks whether all women follow this practice. Ratna nods and says it has been the custom for generations. Even schoolgirls stay in these huts and miss classes during their periods. Ratna admits that many in the village, including herself, never questioned the practice. The explanation unsettles Megha. She finds it hard to believe that a natural biological function leads to such exclusion. Before returning to the city, Megha observes that even educated family members seem to accept and follow these customs. The experience leaves a deep impact on her. She starts reading more about menstrual taboos and their impact on women's health, dignity, and education. As a sociology student, she recognises how such traditions are linked to patriarchy and social stigma. She begins to reflect on what she can do at her level to improve the current situation, without alienating the community or disrespecting its traditions.\na. Suggest a course of action Megha can take to sensitize her village community without appearing disrespectful or confrontational.\nb. What ethical principles and methods should guide her actions while engaging with the community?\nc. How is menstruation related to human rights?","20","250"],[35,"a. मेघा द्वारा अपने गांव के समुदाय को असम्मानजनक या टकरावपूर्ण व्यवहार किए बिना संवेदनशील बनाने के लिए अपनाई जा सकने वाली कार्यवाही का सुझाव दीजिए।\nb. समुदाय के साथ जुड़ते समय उसके कार्यों को किन नैतिक सिद्धांतों और तरीकों से निर्देशित किया जाना चाहिए?\nc. मासिक धर्म मानव अधिकारों से किस प्रकार संबंधित है?","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[39,"Q.9 a. Can you think of a rational way to resolve this dilemma?\nb. Give your reasons for it.\nc. What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\na. Can you think of a rational way to resolve this dilemma?\nb. Give your reasons for it.\nc. What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?","20","250"],[44,"Q.10 You are working as an Assistant Section Officer in the District Development and Panchayat Office. One day, one of your close colleagues approaches you in deep distress. She tells you that her father is suffering from a severe liver condition, and the doctors have clearly stated that he must undergo liver transplant immediately in order to survive. She shares that she has no health insurance, and the surgery would cost around Rs 15 lakh. You are aware that her husband passed away a few years ago, and that she also has a four-year-old son with special needs. Just a few weeks ago, she also lost all her savings in a digital arrest scam. As a widow from a lower middle-class family, her options are extremely limited. Although you feel deeply empathetic, you are unable to offer financial assistance, as you do not have the resources to help.\nA few weeks later, you enquire about her father's health. She informs you that the liver transplant surgery was successful and that her father is now recovering steadily. Relieved, you ask how she managed to arrange the funds. Hesitantly, she confides that the District Development and Panchayat Officer (DDPO) helped her. Moved by her situation, the DDPO facilitated the release of Rs 15 lakh from the fund allocated to a rural sanitation scheme. The implementation of this scheme had been put on hold for a year due to technical issues and pending site approvals. She explains that the amount was provided on the assurance of strict confidentiality and with a commitment to repay it at the earliest. She expresses deep gratitude for the DDPO's timely help, which she believes saved her father's life. She has already begun repaying the money and will continue to do so until it is all returned.\na. Discuss the ethical issues involved in the case.\nb. Examine the behavior of DPDO from an ethical point of view.\nc. How would you react to the situation?","20","250"],[49,"Q.11) Nithin is the head of the Marketing Department at Pehnava Clothings Ltd., a reputed apparel manufacturing company with a strong global presence. Known for its professionalism and consistent performance, the company had earned a credible name in both domestic and international markets. However, the firm was going through difficult times. For three consecutive quarters, it had witnessed a steep decline in sales. This trend had raised serious concerns among the top management regarding the company's competitiveness, profitability, and long-term stability. To address the situation, the leadership decided to restructure the marketing division and bring in dynamic leadership. A senior marketing executive, Mr. A, was hired after a rigorous selection process. He had an impressive career record and was known for turning around sales performance in other firms and building strong brand identities. With high expectations placed upon him, Mr. A was seen as the key figure to steer the company out of crisis. Mr. A soon began delivering results. Within a year, the company's revenue had almost doubled, and its brand visibility had increased significantly. His bold marketing strategies, proactive outreach, and innovative campaigns received appreciation from various quarters within the company. His performance drew the attention of the top management. There were deliberations about assigning him a larger role within the company, with a focus on long-term business strategy. He was also being considered for an internal award for 'Excellence in Leadership and Innovation'. However, alongside professional success of Mr. A, Nithin began receiving troubling feedback about his conduct in the workplace. Informal reports indicated that he frequently made inappropriate comments about women. In addition, he regularly sent indecent messages via social media apps to all team members, including his female colleagues. Although no formal complaint was lodged initially, Nithin could sense tension within the team, and signs of discomfort were becoming increasingly apparent. Some employees even started avoiding direct interaction with Mr. A. Team morale and interpersonal trust were gradually eroding, but employees remained hesitant to speak openly. The matter escalated one evening when Mrs. X, one of Mr. A's team members approached Nithin. Visibly disturbed and emotionally shaken, she disclosed that Mr. A had repeatedly engaged in inappropriate behavior towards her. She added that Mr. A had been making undesirable advances towards her and had even tried to touch her inappropriately in his cabin. She urged Nithin to take appropriate action in the matter, or else she would have no option but to resign from her position.\na. Bring out the ethical issues involved in this case.\nb. What are the options available to Nithin?\nc. Critically examine each of the options identified by Nithin.\nd. Which of the options, do you think, would be more appropriate for Nithin to adopt and why?","20","20"],[50,"a. इस मामले में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों को स्पष्ट करें।\nb. नितिन के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\nc. नितिन द्वारा पहचाने गए प्रत्येक विकल्प का आलोचनात्मक परीक्षण करें।\nd. नितिन के लिए कौन सा विकल्प अपनाना अधिक उपयुक्त होगा और क्यों?\na. इस मामले में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों को स्पष्ट करें।\nb. नितिन के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\nc. नितिन द्वारा पहचाने गए प्रत्येक विकल्प का आलोचनात्मक परीक्षण करें।\nd. नितिन के लिए कौन सा विकल्प अपनाना अधिक उपयुक्त होगा और क्यों?","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[55,"Q.12) You are appointed as an officer heading the Air Quality Compliance Division of the Environment Pollution Control Board in Delhi-NCR. The region is witnessing alarming levels of air pollution, which typically worsen during the winter months due to various meteorological and anthropogenic factors. The situation has led to severe public health concerns, particularly affecting vulnerable groups such as the elderly, children, and those with respiratory illnesses. The Supreme Court has also raised serious concern over the deteriorating air quality in Delhi-NCR and has directed the administration to take immediate and effective measures to control pollution, especially during the winter months. Your jurisdiction has a large number of small and medium-scale industries that were granted environmental clearance over the years. These industries form the backbone of the local economy and provide employment to a significant number of migrant workers. However, recent inspections and air quality monitoring reports indicate that a significant number of these units are operating in violation of prescribed air emission norms. As part of targeted measures to curb air pollution, you issued notices to all identified polluting units, directing them to apply for fresh environmental clearance certificates from the competent authority. However, your decision triggered strong opposition from a section of industrial units, labour unions, and local politicians. Industrial owners argued that such action would lead to production shutdowns, financial losses, and shortages of their products in the market. Labour unions and workers also protested, fearing mass unemployment and livelihood insecurity. Local politicians and vested interests accused you of jeopardising the socio-economic stability of the region. You received representations from various quarters urging you to withdraw the notices and not initiate harsh measures, citing the interests of multiple stakeholders. Additionally, you began receiving anonymous threats, aimed at coercing you into reversing your decision. On the other hand, several of your colleagues supported your stance, encouraging you to act in the larger public interest. Several local NGOs and environmental groups rallied behind your actions, demanding the immediate closure of polluting units.\na. Under the given conditions, what are the options available to you?\nb. Critically evaluate each of the options listed by you.\nc. What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by you?","20","250"]]},{"i":571,"t":"P Vibisha","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":2025,"r":320,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/P-VIBISHAUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-320-Sample-MGP-Copy-2.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) What is your understanding of corruption? In your opinion, does corruption grease or sand the wheels of growth? Justify your answer.","10","150"],[5,"b) The balance between laws and conscience is delicate; when synchronized, they promote ethical conduct, but their discord can give rise to significant ethical dilemmas. Illustrate with examples","10","150"],[7,"Q.2) a) \"The recognition of the horrors of nuclear weapons should compel nations to move towards meaningful disarmament. However, geopolitical interests continue to hinder genuine progress in this direction. What are the ethical considerations of nuclear states to pursue global disarmament, and how can the international community balance security concerns with the moral imperative of a nuclear-free world?\"","10","150"],[9,"b) Distinguish between \"Code of ethics\" and \"Code of conduct\" with suitable examples.","10","150"],[11,"Q.3) a) In contemporary times, corporate governance emphasizes accountability and ethical responsibility, yet a lack of adherence to these principles among many corporations highlights a disconnect between theory and practice. In this context, discuss the challenges corporations face in adhering to ethical standards and how these challenges can be mitigated.","10","150"],[13,"b) Why should public services prioritize impartiality and non-partisanship as core values in the present socio-political context? Illustrate with examples.","10","150"],[15,"c) \"Non-violence is the greatest force at the disposal of mankind. It is mightier than the mightiest weapon of destruction devised by the ingenuity of man.\" Mahatma Gandhi. What does the given quotation mean to you?","10","150"],[17,"Q.4) a) \"The growing reach and influence of social media present both opportunities and challenges for ethical governance.\" Examine the statement with suitable examples.","10","150"],[19,"b) \"Probity in governance is an essential and vital requirement for an efficient and effective system of governance and for socio-economic development.\" Discuss the statement with examples.","10","150"],[21,"Q.5) a) While scientific research drives technological progress and societal development, its funding often raises ethical questions. What ethical concerns arise from corporate sponsorship of scientific research, and how can these be addressed?","10","150"],[23,"b) The ethical basis of a welfare state is central to its legitimacy. What are, in your opinion, the vital ethical traits of a welfare state? Suggest ways to strengthen the ethical foundation of a state.","10","150"],[25,"Q.6) a) Space exploration has the potential to benefit all of humanity, yet it is currently dominated by a few powerful nations and private corporations. In this context, discuss the ethical issues arising from this imbalance in control and access to space resources.","10","150"],[27,"b) Write short notes on the following in 30-50 words each:\ni) Ethical congruence\nii) Conflict of interest\niii) Compassion in public life\niv) Crisis of conscience\nv) Social capital","10 marks, 150","30-50 words each"],[29,"Q.7 Recently, a disturbing incident involving the sexual assault of two young girls at a nursery school came to light in a 'sleepy' town of a western state in the country. When the parents approached the local police station to lodge an FIR, the police turned them away. However, twelve hours later, the FIR was filed, and a 24-year-old cleaning staff member of the school was arrested as the only suspect in the incident.\nThe news of the assault spread rapidly, igniting widespread outrage and intense media coverage. The public was furious, leading to protests across the town demanding justice for the victims. Locals organized a bandh, vandalized the school, and blocked railway lines while demanding death penalty for the suspect.\nThe state government swung into action, suspending two police personnel for their delayed response and forming a Special Investigation Team (SIT) to investigate the case. The principal of the school, along with two staff members, was also suspended. The SIT began its investigation and charged the school principal, secretary, and chairman under sections of the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act for failing to report the crime. Meanwhile, the accused's first wife filed a case against him for violent sexual behavior and unnatural sex. As the investigation progressed, tensions in the town continued to simmer. The pressure on the SIT to resolve the case was immense, with political figures, media, and the public all demanding swift action.\nThe following day, while the suspect was being transported to the crime scene (the school) for further investigation, he was killed in what was described as an encounter. According to the SIT's account, the suspect managed to snatch a gun from one of the officers and opened fire, injuring him. In retaliation, the police shot the suspect, who was gravely injured and later succumbed to his wounds in the hospital.\nThe news of the encounter spread quickly. While many praised the SIT for their swift action, others raised serious concerns. The family of the suspect claimed it was a staged encounter. The human rights groups echoed similar sentiments, accusing the police of an extrajudicial killing orchestrated under immense public pressure.\na. What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\nb. Based on the case study, discuss the challenges faced by law enforcement agencies in conducting a fair and impartial investigation amidst public and political pressure.\nc. What best practices should be followed to ensure the integrity of investigations in such high-profile cases?","20","250"],[30,"a. उपरोक्त मामले में नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं?\nb. केस स्टडी के आधार पर, सार्वजनिक और राजनीतिक दबाव के बीच निष्पक्ष जांच करने में कानून प्रवर्तन एजेंसियों के सामने आने वाली चुनौतियों पर चर्चा करें।\nc. ऐसे हाई-प्रोफाइल मामलों में जांच की सत्यनिष्ठा सुनिश्चित करने के लिए कौन सी सर्वोत्तम प्रथाओं का पालन किया जाना चाहिए?","","20 अंक"],[32,"Challenges faced by law enforcement agencies in conducting impartial investigation","",""],[35,"Q.8 a. What are the ethical issues involved in re-appropriation of funds from a welfare project to the developmental projects?\nb. Given the need for proper utilization of public funds, discuss the options available to Sowmiya. Which option should she choose?\na What are the ethical issues involved in re-appropriation of funds from a welfare project to the developmental projects?\nb Given the need for proper utilization of public funds, discuss the options available to Sowmiya. Which option should she choose?","20","250"],[36,"a. कल्याणकारी परियोजनाओं से विकासात्मक परियोजनाओं के लिए वित्त के पुनर्विनियोजन में क्या नैतिक मुद्दे शामिल हैं?  \nb. सार्वजनिक वित्त के उचित उपयोग की आवश्यकता को देखते हुए, सौम्या के पास उपलब्ध विकल्पों पर चर्चा करें। उसे कौन सा विकल्प चुनना चाहिए?","","20 अंक"],[41,"Q.9) Surrogate advertising — a marketing technique that promotes a product or service restricted or banned from direct advertising, such as alcohol and tobacco, by advertising a legal product like soda, water, or music CDs from the same brand — has been around for a long time. While the practice has faced criticism in the past, it has recently gained fresh attention as several famous film stars have begun endorsing these surrogate products. Public health advocates and certain sections of society are worried about this trend. They argue that when celebrities get involved, the ads become much more influential, especially among the younger audiences. These critics believe that even if the ads don’t directly promote harmful products, they still make them seem more acceptable. As a result, there is a fear that such advertising could indirectly lead to higher consumption of those items, which could bring more health problems, especially among the youth. On the flip side, companies and the celebrities they work with claim they are not doing anything wrong. They point out that they are only endorsing legal products, and they have every right to advertise them. For them, this type of advertising is about keeping the brand alive and competing in a market with tight regulations. They also argue that restricting these ads could harm businesses, affecting jobs and overall economic growth. The debate continues, with each side presenting its own set of compelling arguments.\na. What are the ethical concerns associated with surrogate advertising?\nb. Suggest a course of action that addresses the concerns of both the stakeholders involved. Justify your answer.","20","250"],[46,"Q.10) You are the Operations Manager at a fast-growing technology startup NexGen Solutions, known for its innovative projects and timely delivery. The startup's environment is fast-paced, with tight deadlines and high expectations from clients and investors. Your current project, creating a cutting-edge AI based application, is critical for securing upcoming funding and partnerships. Your small, capable team includes four software developers and two project coordinators, with an equal number of men and women. Recently, the team has encountered major challenges. Priya, one of the female developers, has requested leave to care for her ailing mother. Meanwhile, another team member, Ayesha, is struggling to manage her workload along with caring for her infant child. As a result, other team members have taken on extra tasks, impacting their work-life balance and causing heightened stress. With the project deadline looming, tensions in the team have become visible. During a crucial project meeting, Karan, a senior developer, voices his frustration, saying, \"Perhaps it's not ideal to have team members who can't fully commit during critical stages.\" Karan's remark triggers an immediate reaction. Neha, a project coordinator, finds his comment offensive and reports it to the Human Resources (HR) Department. She also hints that she might bring the issue to social media, which could harm the startup's image. The HR Department, located at the company's headquarters, investigates and recommends disciplinary action against Karan, emphasizing the importance of a respectful, inclusive workplace. Their recommendation puts you in a difficult situation. The project is already delayed, and losing a senior developer like Karan could jeopardize its timely completion. You are now faced with a complex dilemma. On one hand, it's vital to address the inappropriate comment and ensure a respectful work culture. On the other hand, you must keep the project on track without further demotivating your team.\na) Discuss the ethical issues involved in this case.\nb) As the Operations Manager, how would you deal with the given situation?\nc) Based on the case study, discuss the challenges faced by women at workplace. How can such challenges be addressed?","20","250"],[51,"Q.11) Utkarsh is a dedicated and experienced Chief Engineer in the Public Works Department (PWD) of a major Indian city. His responsibilities include overseeing the maintenance and construction of the city's infrastructure. One of his critical responsibilities is managing the safety and welfare of the PWD workers. A sudden strike by the workers' union of the PWD erupted over the issue of compensation to a construction worker who died while repairing a major bridge in the city. The case was brought to Utkarsh's attention for resolution.\na) What are the options available to Utkarsh to meet the above situation? Critically examine each of the options identified by him.\nb) What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by Utkarsh?\nc) What course of action should Utkarsh adopt to diffuse the above situation?","20","250"],[56,"Q.12 a. Analyze the conduct of the MNC from an ethical point of view.\nb. What are the options available to Arijit under the given situation? Evaluate each of the options and suggest the best course of action.\na. Analyze the conduct of the MNC from an ethical point of view.\nb. What are the options available to Arijit under the given situation? Evaluate each of the options and suggest the best course of action.","20","250"],[62,"When must you seek mentorship?","",""]]},{"i":572,"t":"P Vibisha","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":2025,"r":320,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/P-VIBISHAUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-320-Sample-MGP-Copy-3.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) What constitutes journalistic ethics? Highlight the role of media, particularly mass media, in shaping ethical values in contemporary times.","10","150"],[5,"b) The increasing use of digital surveillance technologies for maintaining law and order is a debatable issue. Critically examine the statement from the ethical point of view.","10","150"],[7,"Q.2) a) What do you understand by value conflict? Give an example from your personal life where you faced a conflict between two values. How did you resolve it?","10","150"],[9,"b) Knowledge and skills are important, but they must be grounded in ethical principles for true success. In this context, discuss the importance of ethics in education and the role of educational institutions in imparting ethical values.","10","150"],[11,"Q.3 Given below are three quotations of great thinkers. What do each of these quotations convey to you in the present context?\na) \"Where do the evils like corruption arise from? It comes from the never-ending greed. The fight for corruption-free ethical society will have to be fought against this greed and replace it with 'what can I give' spirit.\" - A.P.J. Abdul Kalam","10","150"],[13,"b) \"Your goodness is an impediment in your way, so let your eyes be red with anger, and try to fight the injustice with a firm hand.\" Sardar Patel","10","150"],[15,"c) \"Nearly all men can stand adversity, but if you want to test a man's character, give him power.\" Abraham Lincoln","10","150"],[17,"Q.4) a) How does persuasion help achieve a desired change in attitude? What are the elements of an effective persuasive approach?","10","150"],[19,"b) While ethics in private and public relations may differ, their impact on one another is undeniable. Discuss with examples.","10","150"],[21,"Q.5) a) How can responsible and informed social media use be nurtured among children to make the internet a safer space for them?","10","150"],[23,"b) The philanthropy of influential personalities can serve as a catalyst for fostering ethical conduct and responsibility in society. Explain with the help of examples.","10","150"],[25,"Q.6) a) \"In an increasingly complex world, emotional intelligence is a vital skill for civil servants, enabling them to navigate challenges, engage with diverse communities, and drive positive change.\" Elaborate.","10","150"],[27,"b) How has the evolution of data-driven targeting from service personalization to behavioral prediction created new ethical challenges for society? Discuss with examples.","10","150"],[29,"Q.7 You are a young and sincere employee who has recently joined a government office as an assistant to the director of your department. Being new to the workplace, you are eager to learn and grow in your role. Your superior, the director, is an experienced and intelligent person with extensive knowledge of various departments. You respect him not just for his professional skills but also for his willingness to guide and mentor you. You have built a good rapport with him and appreciate the chance to learn from such an accomplished individual.\n\nAs your relationship with your boss grows, he begins to rely on you more for work-related tasks. One day, due to ill health, he invites you to his home to help with some urgent work. When you reach his house and are about to ring the doorbell, you hear shouting from inside. Unsure of what to do, you pause for a moment but then decide to enter. Your boss greets you warmly and explains the work, but throughout, you are distracted by the sound of a woman crying in the background.\n\nInitially, you hesitate to ask about the situation, but your concern grows. Finally, you ask your boss about the noise, but his answer is vague and unsatisfactory. He quickly dismisses the matter. Although you finish the work, the unsettling environment leaves you feeling uneasy.\n\nThe next day, you discreetly inquire at the office and learn more about the situation. You discover that, despite your boss's calm and professional demeanour at work, he is abusive toward his wife at home. His wife is a simple woman, not highly educated, and suffers from regular domestic violence. This information shocks you, as it conflicts with the positive image you had of him based on your interactions at work.\n\nThis knowledge puts you in a difficult moral dilemma. On one hand, you respect your boss for his guidance, intelligence, and professionalism. On the other hand, you are aware of his unethical behaviour at home, which violates basic human rights and ethical principles. You struggle to reconcile the two sides of his character, finding it hard to balance your professional relationship with the awareness of his abusive actions at home.\na. Under the given conditions, what are the options available to you? Evaluate each of the options listed by you.\nb. What course of action would you adopt and why?","20","250"],[30,"a. दी गई परिस्थितियों में आपके पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं? आपके द्वारा सूचिबद्ध प्रत्येक विकल्प का मूल्यांकन करें।\nb. आप कौन-सा कदम उठाएँगे और क्यों?","20 अंक","250 शब्द"],[34,"Q.8 Gaurav is traveling with his wife and children in their car on a busy Sunday evening. The road is packed with traffic, and the vehicles are barely moving. As they inch forward, Gaurav notices a biker trying to weave through the congested road. In his attempt, the biker accidentally collides with an SUV that is illegally parked in a No Parking Zone. The impact causes the rear-view mirror of the SUV to break, injuring the biker, who starts bleeding profusely.\n\nHearing the loud noise, the owner of the SUV, a local councillor, rushes out of his car in a rage. Furious about the damage, the councillor grabs a metal rod and starts hitting the injured biker. The situation quickly escalates as the councillor vents his anger on the defenceless, bleeding biker. The sight of the violence shocks Gaurav, who is watching from his car.\n\nInstinctively, Gaurav feels the urge to intervene and help the biker, who is being mercilessly beaten. However, as he opens his car door and takes a step forward, his wife stops him. She reminds him of the danger in confronting someone as powerful as the local councillor, especially when Gaurav is unarmed. She points out the risks of standing up to him and the possible consequences that could put their family in harm's way. With their children in the car and the councillor's aggressive behaviour, her concerns about safety seem valid to Gaurav.\n\nHis wife further points out that despite the number of people witnessing the incident, none of them are stepping forward to help. She questions why Gaurav should risk his safety when no one else is willing to take action. This argument adds to Gaurav's growing sense of hesitation, as he sees others choosing to remain bystanders, unwilling to intervene in the dangerous situation.\n\nGaurav glances around from his car window and notices a police constable standing near the scene. For a moment, he feels relieved, hoping that the officer will intervene to stop the violence. However, to his dismay, the officer remains passive, merely watching the councillor continue his assault without stepping in to help. This leaves Gaurav even more conflicted about what to do.\na. Discuss the ethical issues involved in this case.\nb. What are the reasons behind rise of road rage incidents in the country?\nc. Suggest measures to reduce incidents of road rage and promote responsible behaviour in public spaces.","20","250"],[35,"a. इस मामले में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा करें।\nb. देश में सड़क पर रोष की घटनाओं में वृद्धि के पीछे क्या कारण है?\nc. सड़क पर रोष की घटनाओं को कम करने और सार्वजनिक स्थानों पर उत्तरदायी व्यवहार को बढ़ावा देने के उपाय सुझाएँ।\na इस मामले में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा करें।\nb देश में सड़क पर रोष की घटनाओं में वृद्धि के पीछे क्या कारण है?\nc सड़क पर रोष की घटनाओं को कम करने और सार्वजनिक स्थानों पर उत्तरदायी व्यवहार को बढ़ावा देने के उपाय सुझाएँ।","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[39,"Q.9 In a southern Indian state, a globally renowned high end mobile manufacturing company advertised job vacancies, attracting many hopeful applicants. Among them were two sisters from a nearby village who applied after seeing advertisements on WhatsApp. Upon arrival at the factory's main gate, a security guard met them and asked a series of questions, including an inquiry about their marital status. After confirming that they were married, they were informed that they could not proceed further. No explanation was provided, leaving them confused and disappointed.\n\nBack in their village, the sisters reflected on their experience and felt dismayed at being denied an opportunity without a clear reason. Even the auto-rickshaw driver who took them to the facility had hinted that married women might not be hired, yet they still hoped for a fair chance.\n\nSubsequent investigations by a prominent international news agency revealed a pattern at the manufacturing facility where married women were systematically excluded from employment opportunities. This practice was not officially documented but was communicated verbally to recruitment agencies responsible for hiring. The revelations sparked significant media uproar, drawing public attention to the issue. The Union Labour Ministry also took cognizance of the situation and sought a report from the state government regarding these discriminatory hiring practices.\n\nUnfortunately, such discriminatory practices are not uncommon in various parts of the world, reflecting broader issues of gender attitudes that persist in many societies.\na. Discuss the ethical issues involved in the case study.\nb. What can be the underlying reasons for discriminatory attitudes toward hiring married women by the company?\nc. How can organizations promote gender equity in their hiring practices?","20","250"],[43,"Q.10) Ramesh has been appointed as the Municipal Commissioner of a coastal city that is grappling with the recurring problem of flooding. Over the years, these floods have led to significant loss of life and extensive property damage, raising serious concerns among residents and policymakers alike. In response to this persistent challenge, Ramesh is committed to finding effective solutions. To identify and address the root causes of the flooding, he established an expert committee tasked with analyzing the situation comprehensively and proposing actionable recommendations.\n\nFollowing extensive and thorough field surveys, the committee identified two primary factors contributing to the city's increasing vulnerability to floods. The first factor is the degradation of wetlands, which serve as critical natural buffers against flooding and play a vital role in maintaining the ecological balance. The second factor is the illegal encroachments on the flood plains of seasonal streams. These encroachments have significantly reduced the streams' ability to carry water, increasing the risk of flooding. In light of these findings, the committee proposed two major interventions: the restoration of wetlands and the removal of unauthorized encroachments on the flood plains. These actions are aimed at effectively restoring the city's natural drainage system and mitigating future flood risks.\n\nRamesh recognizes the necessity of implementing these measures to ensure the city's long-term safety and resilience against flooding. However, he is also aware of the potential human cost associated with these interventions. The illegal structures in question are inhabited by marginalized migrant laborers, and their removal would render many families homeless, significantly impacting their livelihoods. Despite his personal reservations regarding the social implications of these actions, Ramesh feels compelled to proceed with the committee's recommendations, as he believes they are essential for preventing future disasters.\n\nSubsequently, the operation to remove encroachments was launched with the deployment of a police force to ensure safety and order throughout the process. As the clearance of encroachments commenced, the affected residents expressed their opposition vigorously. Protests escalated into violent confrontations, resulting in assaults on officers and vandalism of government vehicles. The situation quickly deteriorated. When the police attempted to disperse the crowd, a stampede ensued. Tragically, this chaos resulted in the deaths of two elderly men. As the in-charge of the situation, Ramesh feels that these lives could have been saved if he had acted differently.\na. Identify the various value conflicts faced by Ramesh in his role as Municipal Commissioner.\nb. Analyze the decision to remove unauthorized encroachments on the flood plains from an ethical perspective.\nc. If you were in Ramesh's position and in charge of the situation, how would you have approached the challenges presented by the encroachment clearance and the resulting protests?","20","250"],[44,"a. नगर आयुक्त के रूप में रमेश द्वारा सामना किए गए विभिन्न मूल्य संघर्षों की पहचान करें।\nb. बाढ़ के मैदानों पर अनधिकृत अतिक्रमण हटाने के निर्णय का नैतिक दृष्टिकोण से विश्लेषण करें।\nc. यदि आप रमेश की स्थिति में होते और स्थिति के प्रभारी होते, तो अतिक्रमण हटाने और उसके परिणामस्वरूप होने वाले विरोध प्रदर्शनों से उत्पन्न चुनौतियों का आप किस प्रकार सामना करते?\na नगर आयुक्त के रूप में रमेश द्वारा सामना किए गए विभिन्न मूल्य संघर्षों की पहचान करें।\nb बाढ़ के मैदानों पर अनधिकृत अतिक्रमण हटाने के निर्णय का नैतिक दृष्टिकोण से विश्लेषण करें।\nc यदि आप रमेश की स्थिति में होते और स्थिति के प्रभारी होते, तो अतिक्रमण हटाने और उसके परिणामस्वरूप होने वाले विरोध प्रदर्शनों से उत्पन्न चुनौतियों का आप किस प्रकार सामना करते?","20 अंक","250 शब्द"],[48,"Q.11 a. Why is there a negative attitude among people regarding wearing helmets?\nb. What measures can be taken to bring about positive changes in this attitude? (20 marks, 250 words)\na. Why is there a negative attitude among people regarding wearing helmets?\nb. What measures can be taken to bring about positive changes in this attitude? (20 marks, 250 words)","20","250"],[52,"Q.12) You are the District Magistrate in a region characterized by strong adherence to traditional social norms. While there has been significant legal progress in terms of recognizing the rights of the LGBTQIA+ community, including the decriminalization of Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code, societal acceptance of this community remains limited. A group of LGBTQIA+ activists recently approached your office, seeking permission to organize a public awareness campaign aimed at promoting acceptance and understanding of gender diversity. The campaign would involve several activities, including seminars in educational institutions to raise awareness about the rights and challenges faced by the LGBTQIA+ community, a Pride march to celebrate diversity, and the distribution of educational material to promote better understanding of gender identity and sexual orientation. The activists argue that their campaign is in line with the legal developments and human rights frameworks endorsed by the Indian Constitution, and they believe such efforts are essential to promote inclusivity. This initiative is also a way to address stigma and discrimination, fostering a more inclusive environment for the LGBTQIA+ community, which has long been marginalized in society.\n\nHowever, significant opposition to this initiative has emerged, particularly from local religious and community leaders. These leaders argue that such a campaign challenges the deeply rooted cultural and religious values of the region. They fear that openly promoting LGBTQIA+ rights and gender diversity might encourage practices that they believe contradict their traditional beliefs. Some leaders even warned that the campaign could lead to unrest, disrupt social harmony, and provoke protests within the district. The arguments put forth by the opponents of the campaign are grounded in their belief that the recognition and celebration of LGBTQIA+ rights could have a destabilizing effect on the social cohesion of the community. Many of them hold conservative views about gender roles and sexuality, considering the campaign as an affront to their customs and ethos. These concerns are widespread among older generations, and religious bodies fear that such activities could influence younger minds and lead to cultural erosion.\n\nOn the other hand, a younger and more progressive section of the community has expressed strong support for the initiative. They argue that embracing diversity and promoting equality is essential for a modern and inclusive society. This group believes that public campaigns, such as the one proposed, are crucial for educating the masses and eliminating prejudices. They see the campaign as a positive step toward equality and acceptance, aligned with the constitutional values of non-discrimination and equal rights.\na. What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by you?\nb. Evaluate the options available to you, being District Magistrate of the area.\nc. How would you manage and mold the attitudes of conservative groups to ensure harmony in the district while promoting acceptance of the LGBTQIA+ community?","","20"],[53,"a. इस परिस्थिति में आपके सामने कौन सी नैतिक दुविधाएँ हैं?\nb. क्षेत्र के जिला मजिस्ट्रेट होने के नाते आप अपने पास उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन करें।\nc. आप LGBTQIA+ समुदाय की स्वीकृति को बढ़ावा देते हुए जिले में सद्भाव सुनिश्चित करने के लिए रूढ़िवादी समूहों की मनोवृत्ति को कैसे प्रबंधित और ढालेंगे?\na इस परिस्थिति में आपके सामने कौन सी नैतिक दुविधाएँ हैं?\nb क्षेत्र के जिला मजिस्ट्रेट होने के नाते आप अपने पास उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन करें।\nc आप LGBTQIA+ समुदाय की स्वीकृति को बढ़ावा देते हुए जिले में सद्भाव सुनिश्चित करने के लिए रूढ़िवादी समूहों की मनोवृत्ति को कैसे प्रबंधित और ढालेंगे?","20 अंक","20 अंक"]]},{"i":574,"t":"Pakshal","c":"Vision","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/470d8-1009670_2090_pakshal_secretry_rank_08.pdf","q":[[1,"1. What is the Doctrine of Severability? Discuss with the help of relevant judicial decisions. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[3,"2. The office of Governor needs to be transformed to preserve constitutional governance in India. Discuss in the light of recent controversies surrounding the Governor's office. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[5,"3. \"Disturbing public order or inciting violence cannot be allowed under the garb of the freedom of speech and expression.\" Discuss with help of the recent Supreme Court judgment on hate speech. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[7,"4. Discuss the role of the Leader of the Opposition (LoP) for the effective functioning of democracy in India. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[9,"5. What are the various ways in which emerging technologies can be utilised by civil servants in ensuring efficient public service delivery and affecting change in India? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[11,"1. To what extent, in your opinion, has the Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana been successful in promoting skill development and employment in India? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[13,"7. Examine the potential of the Bhu-Aadhaar project in bringing significant benefits to India's land management system. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[15,"8. Discuss the different determinants of the occurrence of child labour in India. What measures can be taken to tackle the issue of child labour in the country? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[17,"1. Despite certain hiccups, recent developments suggest that continuity still looms large in the Indo-Bhutan relationship. Discuss. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[19,"10. Critical Information Infrastructure has become a global good that requires global norms for its safeguard. What role can the G20 play to safeguard Critical Information Infrastructure? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[21,"11. The tussle between the legislature and judiciary culminated in the basic structure doctrine in the Kesavananda Bharati case. Discuss. What is the significance of the case in limiting the power of the Parliament to amend the Constitution? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[24,"12. The limited revenue generation capacity of municipal corporations has increased their dependence on taxes and grants from the states. What are the issues associated with this trend? What measures are required to improve the finances of the municipal corporations in India? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[27,"13. \"The purpose of having a Constitution is to transform the society for the better and this objective is the fundamental pillar of transformative constitutionalism.\" Discuss with the help of recent case laws. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[30,"14. How can a 'rule of law culture' contribute towards promoting individual liberty and democratic governance in a society like India? What are the challenges in fostering such a culture? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[33,"15 Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) are not just engaged in charitable work but also involved in political processes for building a just, peaceful, humane, and sustainable future. Discuss with examples. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[36,"16. Self-help groups (SHGs) have contributed towards rural development and women empowerment, but their uneven geographical impact and rising loan defaults are serious challenges that need to be addressed. Discuss. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[39,"17. Do you agree with the view that the deep-rooted problems in India's school education system cannot be solved by digital transformation alone? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[42,"18. Examine the impact of Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) on the effectiveness and transparency of welfare schemes for the vulnerable sections in India.","15","Answer in 250"],[45,"19. The deepening China-Russia strategic relationship has been described by some as the \"most consequential undeclared alliance in the world\". How can this alliance impact India's national interest? What strategies should India adopt to protect her interests? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[48,"20. India has placed soft power as an important pillar of its foreign policy to enhance its global standing and image abroad. Discuss the statement along with the initiatives taken by the government. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"]]},{"i":573,"t":"Pakshal","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/a9ecb-1009670_2070_pakshal_secretry_rank_08.pdf","q":[[1,"1. (a) Differentiating between courage and bravery, discuss why courage is often thought of as the first of all virtues.","10","150"],[2,"Why is courage first of all values?","",""],[3,"1. (b) Discuss how social, cultural and religious factors act as determinants of ethics","10","150"],[5,"2 (a) Bring out the relevance of the teachings of Gautam Buddha in contemporary times. (150 words)","10","150"],[7,"2. (b) If one takes care of the means the end will take care of itself Discuss","10","150"],[9,"3. (a) Explain the relevance of the following in the context of civil services: (150 words) [10]\n(i) Impersonality\n(ii) Anonymity\n(iii) Perseverance\n(iv) Fairness","10","150"],[11,"3. (b) With the help of relevant examples, bring out the difference between the following:\n(i) Intelligence Quotient and Emotional Quotient\n(ii) Attitude and Aptitude","10","150"],[13,"4. (a) What do you understand by political neutrality? Explain its significance in public service.","10","150"],[17,"6 What do you understand by probity? Why is it considered essential for good governance?","","150"],[19,"5. (a) Although utilitarianism is arguably the most reason-based approach to determining right and wrong, it has obvious limitations. Discuss.","10","150"],[21,"5. (b) What do you understand by ethical dilemma? Explain with examples, how it can lead to crisis of conscience.","10","150"],[23,"6. (a) What is code of conduct? How is it different from code of ethics?","10","150"],[25,"6 (b) Bring out the relevance of the seven principles of public life stated by the Nolan Committee in the Indian context, with the help of examples","10","150"],[27,"7. The Right to Information (RTI) Act is one of the most important reforms brought by the government. You have recently been transferred as the Public Information Officer (PIO) in the irrigation department of a district. While inspecting the RTI applications, you find that many of these applications relate to information on the recruitment of staff in your department. Your juniors point out that all of these have been filed by an aspiring local politician who may be trying to create an issue related to irregularities in recruitment in the department. The department fears that he is filing RTI applications for political gains in the upcoming state elections.\n\nIn this context, answer the following questions:\n(a) Identify the stakeholders and the issues involved in the case.\n(b) What measures will you take to handle the situation?","20","around 250"],[32,"8. You are the managing director of a pharmaceutical company. Your company has won a tender for supply of generic affordable medicines to the state health department. In order to win the tender, you had kept the profit margins very low. However, after winning the tender, you got a call from the Officer on Special Duty (OSD) to the Health Minister for a 2% cut in the total purchase of goods. You tried to meet the Health Minister in this respect, but he also hinted at doing the job as per the instructions of the OSD. You cannot refuse to go ahead with the tender because of the risk of losing your 5% security deposit. Further, the firm can be blacklisted for not fulfilling the obligations of the approved tender.\n\nSome of the options to deal with the situation are given below. Evaluate the merits and demerits of each of these options.\n(a) Follow the advice of the minister and comply with the demands of the OSD.\n(b) File a police complaint against the OSD for corruption.\n(c) Tip the media anonymously about the issue to build pressure on the concerned Minister.\n(d) Leave the allotted tender.\n Also, not limiting to the options given above, suggest the course of action you will take, giving appropriate reasons.","20",""],[37,"In this context, answer the following:\n(a) What are the ethical issues involved in surrogate advertising?\n(b) Suggest steps that can be taken to address these type of advertisements in India.","20",""],[42,"10. You are a young officer who has recently been posted as the District Magistrate in a district where power cuts are a regular phenomenon. A thermal power plant is proposed in your district, which has the potential to not only meet the energy demand of yours but also that of neighbouring districts, and also provide employment opportunities for the people of your district. However, a few people from the district are protesting against it because of the concerns of displacement and the potential pollution issue that the project may lead to. It is brought to your notice that prominent local leaders have mobilized a large crowd and are planning to march towards the Collectorate. You have also received information that the crowd may turn violent due to the presence of miscreants. In the context of this situation, address the following:\n(a) Identify the stakeholders and highlight the issues involved in the above case.\n(b) State the measures that you would take as the District Magistrate.","20",""],[47,"11. Today, digital games and gameful interactions with a digital environment are rapidly becoming pervasive in society. It is a highly engaging pastime and also a vehicle for acquiring knowledge and/or modifying attitudes and behaviours at various levels, whether by explicit intention or otherwise. Online games' increasingly important role in society brings about ethical implications that cannot be ignored, and have sometimes been the object of heated public and academic debate.\n(a) Discuss the various social and psychological issues involved in online gaming.\n(b) Give some suggestions to address the harmful impact of online gaming on the society.","20",""],[51,"12. Climate change and environmental degradation have caused havoc globally. It has repercussions on the life and livelihood of each and every individual on the planet. Despite its huge impact, climate change and environmental conservation have not become an electoral issue in India. Globally, green parties are making strides, albeit gradually. In countries like Netherlands, Sweden and Australia, they have begun to make a mark in electoral politics. In India, however, there is no such development.\n(a) In your view, why has politics in India not seen it's 'green moment' yet?\n(b) Do you think people in India are generally apathetic to climate change and environment related issues? Suggest some initiatives to bring about a change in the attitude of the people towards the issue.","20",""],[53,"Are people of India apathetic ?","",""]]},{"i":575,"t":"Pakshal Secretry","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2025,"r":8,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/PAKSHAL-SECRETRY-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-8-Sample-MGP-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1 \"India's democratic roots are deeply embedded in its ancient civilizational ethos.\" Discuss in the context of India being referred to as the 'Mother of Democracy'.","10","150"],[5,"2) Elucidate the significance of tiger and elephant figures in Indian mythology, art and architecture","10","150"],[7,"2.3 The arrival of Lord William Bentinck marked a period of transformation in the British Indian State. Discuss.","10","150"],[9,"4) Explain how the American War of Independence deprived Great Britain of one empire, but it strengthened the foundations of another.","10","150"],[11,"5) What are Rare Earth Elements (REEs)? Discuss the multi-dimensional implications of uneven distribution of REEs in the world.","10","150"],[13,"6) Highlight the salient differences between the Himalayan and the Peninsular drainage Systems","10","150"],[15,"Q.7 Describe the nature and mode of origin of the main types of rock at the earth's crust","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) The alienation of modern lifestyles from nature has contributed to the ongoing environmental crisis in India. Examine.","10","150"],[19,"Q1 What do you understand by the term 'urbanisation of poverty'? Also, explain how urban poverty differs from rural poverty in India?","10","150"],[21,"Q.10) Globalization has redefined the idea of community and kinship in Indian society. Do you agree? Justify your answer.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11 The flourishing of various art forms during the Kushana period reflects the rich and diverse cultural landscape of the time. What insights does this provide into the socio-cultural aspects of that era?","15","250"],[26,"Q.12) Trace the events that led to the Civil Disobedience Movement. What were its outcomes?","15","250"],[29,"Q.13) Mahatma Jyotirao Phule's reformist ideas played a significant role in shaping the social foundations of the Indian freedom movement. Elaborate.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 The interlinking of rivers offers several benefits but also raises significant socio-economic and environmental concerns. Analyze.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 Explain the concept of rain shadow effect. How does it influence the distribution of precipitation and vegetation across mountain ranges?","15","250"],[38,"Q.16 Bring out the major features of the Indian monsoon and elaborate upon its causative factors.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 What are the geographical factors responsible for the growth of mangrove vegetation in India? Also highlight its role in coastal ecology.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 To what extent can the rise of 'Kidfluencers' be seen as a reflection of changing family structures and parental aspirations in Indian society?","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 Women often form the backbone of grassroots movements in India, yet they remain largely invisible and excluded from the decision-making process. Examine.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 Do you agree with the view that social media is a 'double edged sword'? Discuss in the context of its impact on Indian society.","15","250"]]},{"i":578,"t":"Pakshal Secretry","c":"Vision","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/bf9c7-1009670_2063_pakshal_secretry_rank_08.pdf","q":[[3,"1. Explain the importance of a Constitution in the context of a democratic country like India. (Answer in 200 words)","12.5","200"],[6,"2. Bring out the differences between 'coming together federations' and 'holding together federations' with examples. (Answer in 200 words)","12.5","200"],[9,"3. Compare the powers of the Lok Sabha with that of the Rajya Sabha. (Answer in 200 words)","12.5","200"],[12,"4. What do you understand by judicial activism and overreach? Also discuss the associated concerns.","12.5","200"],[15,"5. What do you understand by rule of law? Explain how this idea is reflected in the Constitution of India.","12.5","200"],[18,"6. Explain the concept of separation of powers. What are the provisions in the Indian Constitution, which reflect separation of powers? (Answer in 200 words)","12.5","200"],[21,"7. Discuss the veto powers of the President of India. (Answer in 200 words)","12.5","200"],[24,"8. Discuss the role of the Departmentally Related Standing Committees in strengthening parliamentary democracy in India. (Answer in 200 words)","12.5","200"],[27,"9. What do you understand by pressure groups? Citing examples, state the different types of techniques used by pressure groups.","12.5","200"],[30,"10. Enumerate the composition and functions of the National Commission for Women (NCW). Also, highlight the initiatives taken by the Commission to give an impetus to women empowerment.","12.5","Answer in 200"],[33,"11. Highlight the devolution of powers under the 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendment Acts. Do you think the process of devolution has been less than satisfactory so far? (Answer in 200 words)","12.5","200"],[36,"12 Although quasi-judicial bodies have powers resembling those of the judicial bodies, there are important points of distinction between the two. Elaborate.","12.5","Answer in 200"],[39,"13. Delineate the grounds of disqualification under The Representation of the People Act, 1951. Also, discuss the remedial measures available to the disqualified representatives.","12.5","Answer in 200"],[42,"14. The basic structure doctrine of the Indian Constitution is a judicial innovation. Analyse. (Answer in 200 words)","12.5","200"],[45,"15. Highlight the various challenges in ensuring cooperative federalism in India. Also, suggest measures to foster cooperative federalism. (Answer in 200 words)","12.5","200"],[48,"16. Despite having features borrowed from Constitutions of various other countries, the Constitution of India remains unique. Discuss. (Answer in 200 words)","12.5","200"],[51,"17. Is there a need to rationalize the large number of ministries in the Government of India? Discuss with logical arguments. (Answer in 200 words)","12.5","200"],[54,"18. Provide an account of the role of UPSC. Also, enumerate the Constitutional provisions to safeguard and ensure the independence and impartial functioning of the UPSC. (Answer in 200 words)","12.5","200"],[57,"19 What are tribunals? How is Article 323A different from Article 323B of the Indian Constitution? (Answer in 200 words)","12.5","200"],[60,"20. On what grounds can President's Rule be imposed in a state? Also, mention the procedure of its imposition and its effects. (Answer in 200 words)","12.5","200"]]},{"i":579,"t":"Pakshal Secretry","c":"Vision","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/b4bc1-1009670_2071_pakshal_secretry_rank_08.pdf","q":[[1,"1. There are arguments that bills of national importance should be placed before the Inter-State Council prior to their introduction in the Parliament. Discuss in light of the issues that have been observed in the passage of bills in the Parliament in recent times.","10","150"],[3,"2. Discuss the role played by the Directorate of Enforcement in the investigation of offence of money laundering and violations of foreign exchange laws.","10","150"],[5,"3. The Indian Constitution has been successful in providing a framework for liberal democracy to flourish in India. Analyse.","10","150"],[7,"4. The Central Information Commission plays a key role in empowering people through information. In this context, discuss the issues faced by it and suggest measures that are required to strengthen the institution.","10","150"],[9,"5. What do you understand by the \"principle of subsidiarity\"? Discuss its importance in the context of India.","10","150"],[11,"6. Bringing out the differences between political parties and pressure groups, discuss how pressure groups play an important role in improving governance and democratic processes in India.","10","150"],[13,"7. The practice of separation of powers in the Constitutional scheme of India and USA is distinct in its own way. Examine.","10","150"],[15,"8 The moral value of fundamental duties would not be to smother rights but to establish a democratic balance by making the people conscious of their duties equally as they are conscious of their rights. Discuss.","10","150"],[17,"9. Discuss the impact of the proclamation of National Emergency on Fundamental Rights in India. Also, highlight the various Supreme Court judgments in this context.","10","150"],[19,"10. The Seventh Schedule is a relic from the colonial past inherited from the Government of India Act, 1935 which needs to be revisited for improving Centre-state relations. Discuss.","10","150"],[21,"11. Technology has the potential to bring drastic changes in the field of law and transform the court system. In this context, discuss the need for digitization of Indian judiciary and challenges faced in this regard.","15","250"],[24,"12. Even after three decades of constitutional amendments, India is yet to decentralise power to local self-government institutions in the true sense. Discuss. Do you agree with the view that Rashtriya Gram Swaraj Abhiyan will be able to develop the governance capabilities of the Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs)?","15","250"],[27,"13. With 98% coverage in rural India, cooperatives are the mainstay of rural economy ensuring sustainable livelihoods and income for people. Discuss. Also, state the recent initiatives taken by the government to improve the functioning of cooperative societies and make them more effective.","15","250"],[30,"14. Governance of inter-state rivers in India suffers from various issues due to conflictual federalism. Discuss. Also, highlight the mechanisms which can be utilised to resolve inter-state river water disputes in India.","15","250"],[33,"15. A dysfunctional criminal justice system, absence of well-considered legislation and need for domain expertise, are being seen as the new challenges for the Indian judiciary. Discuss.","15","250"],[36,"16. To what extent has the anti-defection law been able to address the issue of political instability in India? Discuss with suitable arguments.","15","250"],[38,"6 Blurs distinction between dissent and defection among legislature","",""],[39,"17. Though the Indian Constitution provides a clear division of legislative powers between the Union and states with each being supreme within the spheres allotted to them, this division is tilted towards the Union. In this context, discuss the powers of the Parliament to legislate on subjects in the State List.","15","250"],[42,"18. Despite the benefits of wider representation of women in the judiciary, Indian courts have significantly fewer women as compared to men. Discuss. Also, suggest some measures to bridge the gender gap in Indian judiciary.","15","250"],[45,"19. Elaborate on the fundamental aspects in which the Indian Constitution differed from its contemporaries despite being a post-colonial document.","15","250"],[48,"20. The tribunalisation of justice though considered to be an effective step is fraught with several challenges. Discuss in light of the Law Commission of India's report on the working of tribunals in India.","15","250"]]},{"i":576,"t":"Pakshal Secretry","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":2025,"r":8,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/PAKSHAL-SECRETRY-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-8-Sample-MGP-Copy-2.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) 'Unconscious biases in parenting continue to shape gendered experiences in India.' Do you agree with this view? Discuss.","10","150"],[5,"b) Distinguish between empathy and compassion. Why are they considered as foundational values in public services?","10","150"],[6,"Why foundational?","",""],[7,"Q.2) a) The current society is witnessing rising levels of intolerance. What are the consequences of this situation for personal well-being and for societal well-being? What can one do at the personal level to become tolerant?","10","150"],[9,"b) What are the main components of emotional intelligence and how does it help an individual in taking ethical decisions?","10","150"],[11,"3) Given below are the three quotations of great thinkers. What do each of these quotations convey to you in the present context?","10","150"],[13,"\"If you cry because the sun has gone out of your life, your tears will prevent you from seeing the stars.\" - Rabindranath Tagore (10 marks, 150 words)","10","150"],[15,"\"Two ways of building character - cultivating strength to challenge oppression, and tolerate the resultant hardships that give rise to courage and awareness.\" - Sardar Patel","10","150"],[17,"4) a) \"With great power comes great responsibility.\" In the present context, 'Big Tech' headquartered in developed countries wield disproportionate influence over digital infrastructure, personal data, and global narratives - often prioritising profit over ethical considerations. What ethical principles should guide such corporations in building a fair, inclusive, and just global digital framework?","10","150"],[19,"b) What do you understand by the term 'crisis of conscience'? Describe an incident from your life where you experienced such a crisis. How did you deal with it?","10","150"],[21,"Q.5) a) \"A politics of confession that encourages politicians and parties to confess and offer regret for their errors can surely be a cathartic experience.\" Examine the statement from the ethical point of view.","10","150"],[23,"b) What are the key objectives of the Right to Information Act, 2005? Examine the ethical concerns associated with certain provisions of the Digital Personal Data Protection Act in realizing the objectives of the RTI Act.","10","150"],[25,"Q.6) a) Public spaces serve as arenas of democratic participation and civic expression. Yet in India, they remain deeply gendered, with many women largely confined to the private and domestic sphere. Examine the factors that restrict women's access to public spaces. How can ethical governance help address the issue of gendered spatial control and promote inclusivity in public spaces?","10","150"],[26,"Q Role of Ethical governance\n1 Creating inclusive public spaces (eg women's only public parks)\n2 Sensitising people on need of spatial autonomy to women\n3 Value based service delivery by governmental -> empowerment of women (eg Ujjawala Scheme, PMJOY)\n4 Accountability and punishment to societal deviant element\n5 Ensuring Transparency -> More belief among women in public spaces safety","",""],[27,"b) Write short notes on the following in 30 words each\ni) Ethical fading\nii) Conflict of interest\niii) Persuasion\niv) Work culture\nv) Corporate governance","10 marks, 150","30 words each"],[29,"Q.7 A State Government in the northeastern part of the country has launched a series of anti-encroachment drives across forest areas, wetlands, and revenue lands. Under the directions of the Chief Minister, the administration has intensified efforts to reclaim public land, particularly in areas reserved for ecological protection and critical infrastructure development. Most of the time, these actions have been backed by court orders and have resulted in the recovery of thousands of hectares of land. However, in certain regions, the implementation of such drives is fraught with social and political complexities. In several districts, settlements have existed for decades and are inhabited by marginalized communities with limited access to legal rights or formal rehabilitation measures. These areas are often politically sensitive and influenced by local leaders and pressure groups. Simanta is posted as Additional Deputy Commissioner (ADC) in one such district. Over the past year, the district administration has attempted to align eviction measures with welfare outreach, including the provision of temporary shelters, relocation assistance, and public consultations. Recently, a major operation was scheduled to clear encroachments from over 140 hectares of forest land within a Reserved Forest, primarily to curb rising instances of human-elephant conflict and to restore ecological balance. Anticipating eviction, some residents approached the High Court seeking a stay. However, the court refused to grant it and directed the administration to proceed with the eviction following due process. Notices were served, and a detailed roadmap was prepared to carry out the operation, which was expected to last 2-3 days due to the scale and remote location. On the first day, Simanta led a team comprising forest officials, municipal workers, and police personnel. Demolitions were conducted peacefully and without major resistance. However, on the second day, when the team returned to the site, a large group of agitated residents—primarily women and children—had gathered. They raised slogans and formed human chains to prevent further evictions. The atmosphere grew tense when some individuals began throwing stones, resulting in serious injury to a municipal worker. The crowd grew increasingly volatile and emotionally charged, demanding an immediate halt to the operation. The police contingent present on the ground was outnumbered by the crowd. Faced with this crisis, some team members pleaded with Simanta to call off the operation, fearing threats to their life and the possibility of a violent escalation. Simanta attempted to contact his superior officer (the Deputy Commissioner), but due to poor mobile connectivity in the forested area, communication could not be established. Meanwhile, several local journalists had arrived and begun reporting on the incident. Simanta is in a dilemma as to what to do.\na Evaluate the options available with Simanta to cope with the situation.\nb Which of the above options would be the most appropriate for Simanta and why?\nc What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by Simanta?\nd Examine the qualities of a public servant which will be required to manage such situations.","20","20"],[30,"a. स्थिति से निपटने के लिए सिमंता के पास उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन करें।\nb. सिमंता के लिए सबसे उपयुक्त होगा और क्यों?\nc. सिमंता को किन नैतिक दुविधाओं का सामना करना पड़ रहा है?\nd. ऐसी परिस्थितियों का प्रबंधन करने के लिए एक लोक सेवक के गुणों का परीक्षण करें।\na स्थिति से निपटने के लिए सिमंता के पास उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन करें।\nb सिमंता के लिए सबसे उपयुक्त होगा और क्यों?\nc सिमंता को किन नैतिक दुविधाओं का सामना करना पड़ रहा है?\nd ऐसी परिस्थितियों का प्रबंधन करने के लिए एक लोक सेवक के गुणों का परीक्षण करें।","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[34,"Q.8) Megha is a first-year sociology student at a reputed college in the national capital. She is originally from Tadchirol, a tribal village in a western Indian state. Megha's family migrated to the city when she was seven years old and had not visited their village since. Though Megha has fond memories of her childhood there, she never deeply understood the customs and traditions of the region. One day, Megha expresses her wish to visit Tadchirol. Her father agrees and asks her to inform Ratan, her paternal uncle, who still lives in the village with his family. Megha informs Ratan and travels to the village during a semester break. Upon arrival, she receives a warm welcome from Ratan and his family. Later, Ratan invites her to attend a local festival. During the event, Megha notices that her cousin Rinki is missing. Curious, she asks Ratan's wife Ratna why Rinki is not at the festival. Ratna explains that Rinki is on her period, and as per tradition, menstruating girls must stay separately in small huts built specifically for the purpose. Locally known as 'kurma ghars', they are generally located on the periphery of the village, near a river or pond. She further adds that these girls are not allowed to enter the main house or participate in any social or religious activities. Megha is taken aback. She asks whether all women follow this practice. Ratna nods and says it has been the custom for generations. Even schoolgirls stay in these huts and miss classes during their periods. Ratna admits that many in the village, including herself, never questioned the practice. The explanation unsettles Megha. She finds it hard to believe that a natural biological function leads to such exclusion. Before returning to the city, Megha observes that even educated family members seem to accept and follow these customs. The experience leaves a deep impact on her. She starts reading more about menstrual taboos and their impact on women's health, dignity, and education. As a sociology student, she recognises how such traditions are linked to patriarchy and social stigma. She begins to reflect on what she can do at her level to improve the current situation, without alienating the community or disrespecting its traditions.\na. Suggest a course of action Megha can take to sensitize her village community without appearing disrespectful or confrontational.\nb. What ethical principles and methods should guide her actions while engaging with the community?\nc. How is menstruation related to human rights?","20","20"],[39,"Q.9) Gopal is an 80-year-old man living in a remote and an underdeveloped village in a Central Indian state. He had been residing in a small mud house for years. When he came to know about the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana-Gramin (PMAY-G), he saw a glimmer of hope for a pucca house in the last phase of his life. However, the village sarpanch and panchayat secretary told him that to be eligible under the scheme, he must first demolish his existing house so that during a site inspection, no structure would be visible at the location. Subsequently, Gopal demolished his shelter and began living under a babool tree. For nearly six months, he has been staying in the open, braving harsh weather conditions. During this time, he has repeatedly visited the panchayat office but has been told that his application cannot be processed as he lacks the necessary documents.\nYou are the officer-in-charge of implementing PMAY-G in the district. The case of Gopal reaches you through a prominent newspaper report. You personally visit him to understand the situation on the ground. After meeting him and listening to his account, you feel that he certainly needs support. Your enquiries confirm that he is truly destitute and living in a pitiable condition under the open sky. It is also established that he demolished his house based on a faulty interpretation of the scheme by panchayat officials. However, he has no documents to show that he fulfils the eligibility criteria under the scheme.\nNow you are in a dilemma. Including him under the scheme without the necessary documents would clearly be a violation of rules. But denying him support would be cruel and inhuman.\na. Can you think of a rational way to resolve this dilemma?\nb. Give your reasons for it.\nc. What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?","20","250"],[44,"Q.10 You are working as an Assistant Section Officer in the District Development and Panchayat Office. One day, one of your close colleagues approaches you in deep distress. She tells you that her father is suffering from a severe liver condition, and the doctors have clearly stated that he must undergo liver transplant immediately in order to survive. She shares that she has no health insurance, and the surgery would cost around Rs 15 lakh. You are aware that her husband passed away a few years ago, and that she also has a four-year-old son with special needs. Just a few weeks ago, she also lost all her savings in a digital arrest scam. As a widow from a lower middle-class family, her options are extremely limited. Although you feel deeply empathetic, you are unable to offer financial assistance, as you do not have the resources to help. A few weeks later, you enquire about her father's health. She informs you that the liver transplant surgery was successful and that her father is now recovering steadily. Relieved, you ask how she managed to arrange the funds. Hesitantly, she confides that the District Development and Panchayat Officer (DDPO) helped her. Moved by her situation, the DDPO facilitated the release of Rs 15 lakh from the fund allocated to a rural sanitation scheme. The implementation of this scheme had been put on hold for a year due to technical issues and pending site approvals. She explains that the amount was provided on the assurance of strict confidentiality and with a commitment to repay it at the earliest. She expresses deep gratitude for the DDPO's timely help, which she believes saved her father's life. She has already begun repaying the money and will continue to do so until it is all returned.\na Discuss the ethical issues involved in the case.\nb Examine the behavior of DDPO from an ethical point of view.\nc How would you react to the situation?","20","250"],[49,"Q.11 Nithin is the head of the Marketing Department at Pehnava Clothings Ltd., a reputed apparel manufacturing company with a strong global presence. Known for its professionalism and consistent performance, the company had earned a credible name in both domestic and international markets. However, the firm was going through difficult times. For three consecutive quarters, it had witnessed a steep decline in sales. This trend had raised serious concerns among the top management regarding the company's competitiveness, profitability, and long-term stability. To address the situation, the leadership decided to restructure the marketing division and bring in dynamic leadership. A senior marketing executive, Mr. A, was hired after a rigorous selection process. He had an impressive career record and was known for turning around sales performance in other firms and building strong brand identities. With high expectations placed upon him, Mr. A was seen as the key figure to steer the company out of crisis. Mr. A soon began delivering results. Within a year, the company's revenue had almost doubled, and its brand visibility had increased significantly. His bold marketing strategies, proactive outreach, and innovative campaigns received appreciation from various quarters within the company. His performance drew the attention of the top management. There were deliberations about assigning him a larger role within the company, with a focus on long-term business strategy. He was also being considered for an internal award for 'Excellence in Leadership and Innovation'. However, alongside professional success of Mr. A, Nithin began receiving troubling feedback about his conduct in the workplace. Informal reports indicated that he frequently made inappropriate comments about women. In addition, he regularly sent indecent messages via social media apps to all team members, including his female colleagues. Although no formal complaint was lodged initially, Nithin could sense tension within the team, and signs of discomfort were becoming increasingly apparent. Some employees even started avoiding direct interaction with Mr. A. Team morale and interpersonal trust were gradually eroding, but employees remained hesitant to speak openly. The matter escalated one evening when Mrs. X, one of Mr. A's team members approached Nithin. Visibly disturbed and emotionally shaken, she disclosed that Mr. A had repeatedly engaged in inappropriate behavior towards her. She added that Mr. A had been making undesirable advances towards her and had even tried to touch her inappropriately in his cabin. She urged Nithin to take appropriate action in the matter, or else she would have no option but to resign from her position.\na. Bring out the ethical issues involved in this case.\nb. What are the options available to Nithin?\nc. Critically examine each of the options identified by Nithin.\nd. Which of the options, do you think, would be more appropriate for Nithin to adopt and why?","20","20"],[50,"a. इस मामले में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दे को स्पष्ट करें।\nb. नितिन के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\nc. नितिन द्वारा पहचाने गए प्रत्येक विकल्प का आलोचनात्मक परीक्षण करें।\nd. नितिन के लिए कौन सा विकल्प अपनाना अधिक उपयुक्त होगा और क्यों?","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[54,"Q.12 You are appointed as an officer heading the Air Quality Compliance Division of the Environment Pollution Control Board in Delhi-NCR. The region is witnessing alarming levels of air pollution, which typically worsen during the winter months due to various meteorological and anthropogenic factors. The situation has led to severe public health concerns, particularly affecting vulnerable groups such as the elderly, children, and those with respiratory illnesses. The Supreme Court has also raised serious concern over the deteriorating air quality in Delhi-NCR and has directed the administration to take immediate and effective measures to control pollution, especially during the winter months. Your jurisdiction has a large number of small and medium-scale industries that were granted environmental clearance over the years. These industries form the backbone of the local economy and provide employment to a significant number of migrant workers. However, recent inspections and air quality monitoring reports indicate that a significant number of these units are operating in violation of prescribed air emission norms. As part of targeted measures to curb air pollution, you issued notices to all identified polluting units, directing them to apply for fresh environmental clearance certificates from the competent authority. However, your decision triggered strong opposition from a section of industrial units, labour unions, and local politicians. Industrial owners argued that such action would lead to production shutdowns, financial losses, and shortages of their products in the market. Labour unions and workers also protested, fearing mass unemployment and livelihood insecurity. Local politicians and vested interests accused you of jeopardising the socio-economic stability of the region. You received representations from various quarters urging you to withdraw the notices and not initiate harsh measures, citing the interests of multiple stakeholders. Additionally, you began receiving anonymous threats, aimed at coercing you into reversing your decision. On the other hand, several of your colleagues supported your stance, encouraging you to act in the larger public interest. Several local NGOs and environmental groups rallied behind your actions, demanding the immediate closure of polluting units.\na. Under the given conditions, what are the options available to you?\nb. Critically evaluate each of the options listed by you.\nc. What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by you?","20","250"]]},{"i":577,"t":"Pakshal Secretry","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/ece82-1009670_2092_pakshal_secretry_rank_08.pdf","q":[[1,"1. (a) Direct interactions with social groups, like families and peers, teach people how others expect them to behave. Likewise, a society as a whole reinforces and shapes values through its norms, institutions, media, and collective behaviour. Discuss how a society's formal and informal institutions socialize its population, with examples.","10","150"],[3,"1 (i) What is meant by value and ethics? Explain with four basic 45 autonomous values (150 words) (ii) How can technology play a role in establishing a value-centric modern society? Explain (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[5,"2. (a) \"Drop by drop is the water not filled. Likewise, the wise man, gathering it little by little, fills himself with good.\" Discuss. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[7,"2 (b) There is an ongoing debate on what constitute the core components necessary to define empathy. However, the three that are most often included in psychologists' definitions are affective understanding, emotional contagion, and cognitive perspective-taking. Explain with suitable illustrations. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[9,"3. What does each of the following quotations mean to you?\n(a) \"The end-product of education should be a free creative man, who can battle against historical circumstances and adversities of nature.\" Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[11,"3. (b) \"Forgiveness is not an occasional act. It is a permanent attitude.\" - Martin Luther King, Jr. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[13,"3 (c) \"The greatest leader is not necessarily the one who does the greatest things. He is the one that gets the people to do the greatest things.\" Ronald Reagan (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[15,"4. (a) What are the signs that show that an individual ranks on the lower spectrum of emotional intelligence? How far is technology leading to a decline in the emotional intelligence of people, especially the younger generations? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[17,"4. (1) \"Action is a catalyst for profound shifts in attitude of an individual.\" How far do you agree with the statement? Give suitable examples to substantiate your answer. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[19,"5 (a) Thinkkural advocates a conscious and a spirit-centered approach to business ethics based on eternal values and moral principles that should govern the conduct of business leaders. What are the ethical issues faced by businesses in contemporary times? How will the teachings of Thirukkural assist in their resolution? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[21,"5 (b) Laws promote social control by resolving basic value conflicts, settling individual disputes, and making rules that even our rulers must follow. But, law does not always achieve its purpose and can rather harm society. In this background, discuss the limitations and dysfunctions of law, with examples. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[23,"6 Discuss the ethical issues involved in the spending of public money by the government on advertisements? What measures would you suggest to address these issues? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[25,"In India, there are conduct rules, which govern an officer's behaviour and conduct. These include the Central Services (Conduct) Rules, 1964, All India Services (Conduct) Rules, 1968 etc. Do you think there is a need for a separate Code of Ethics for civil servants in India? What important values should be part of such a Code of Ethics? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[27,"7. In the following questions, carefully study the cases presented and then answer the questions that follow (in around 250 words):\n(a) उपयुक्त स्थिति में शामिल विभिन्न मुद्दे क्या हैं?\n(b) क्या आपको लगता है कि मूल्य-सीमा का निर्धारण दी गई समस्या का समाधान एक दूसरी समस्या उत्पन्न करने करेगी?\n(c) ऐसे मामलों में उत्पन्न होने वाले मुद्दों से निपटने के लिए कौन-से दीर्घकालिक उपाय किए जा सकते हैं? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","around 250"],[28,"(a) What are the various issues in the above situation?\n(b) Do you think a price-cap solves the given problem by creating another one?\n(c) What are the long-term measures that can be taken to deal with issues arising in such cases? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[30,"iv Will have to benefit the society at large by creating another problem\ni Will disincentivise pharma company to conduct R & D and thus society will suffer in long term\nii Interference of state will create Market distortion (Adam Smith) and lead to deadweight loss\niii Price cap will result in hoarding and black marketing of product, thus informally may impact vulnerable section the most\niv This price cap will also be violation of IPR commitment at WTO","",""],[32,"8. (a) दी गई स्थिति में आपके द्वारा सामना की जाने वाले नैतिक दुविधाएं कौन-सी हैं?\n(b) दी गई स्थितियों में, आपके पास कौन-से विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\n(c) आपके द्वारा सूचिबद्ध प्रत्येक विकल्प का सामग्रोनात्मक मूल्यांकन कीजिए।\n(d) आप कौन-सा विकल्प चुनेंगे और क्यों? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)\na) दी गई स्थिति में आपके द्वारा सामना की जाने वाले नैतिक दुविधाएं कौन-सी हैं?\nb) दी गई स्थितियों में, आपके पास कौन-से विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\nc) आपके द्वारा सूचिबद्ध प्रत्येक विकल्प का सामग्रोनात्मक मूल्यांकन कीजिए।\nd) आप कौन-सा विकल्प चुनेंगे और क्यों? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250 शब्दों में"],[33,"(a) What are the ethical dilemmas faced by you in the given situation?\n(b) Under the given conditions, what are the options available to you?\n(c) Critically evaluate each of the options listed by you.\n(d) What option would you adopt and why? (Answer in 250 words)\na) What are the ethical dilemmas faced by you in the given situation?\nb) Under the given conditions, what are the options available to you?\nc) Critically evaluate each of the options listed by you.\nd) What option would you adopt and why? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[37,"9. (a) मूल लाइटिंग से जुड़े नैतिक मुद्दों को रेखांकित कीजिए।\n(b) कंपनी के HR प्रमुख के रूप में, आपके समक्ष कौन-से विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\n(c) इनमें से प्रत्येक विकल्प का मूल्यांकन कीजिए और कारण बताते हुए आपके द्वारा अपनाए जाने वाले विकल्प का चयन कीजिए। (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)\na) मूल लाइटिंग से जुड़े नैतिक मुद्दों को रेखांकित कीजिए।\nb) कंपनी के HR प्रमुख के रूप में, आपके समक्ष कौन-से विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\nc) इनमें से प्रत्येक विकल्प का मूल्यांकन कीजिए और कारण बताते हुए आपके द्वारा अपनाए जाने वाले विकल्प का चयन कीजिए। (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250 शब्दों में"],[38,"In this context:\n(a) Highlight the ethical issues associated with moonlighting.\n(b) As the HR head of the company, what are the options available to you?\n(c) Evaluate each of these options and choose the option, which you would adopt, giving reasons. (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[42,"10. (a) इस संदर्भ में, आपको किन नैतिक दुविधाओं का सामना करना पड़ रहा है?\n(b) आपके समक्ष उपलब्ध विकल्पों के गुणों और दोषों पर चर्चा कीजिए। आप इनमें से किस विकल्प का चयन करेंगे और क्यों?\n(c) लाभप्रदता और नैतिक श्रम प्रथाओं को संतुलित करने के लिए बहुराष्ट्रीय निगमों के पास कौन-से नैतिक विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)\na) इस संदर्भ में, आपको किन नैतिक दुविधाओं का सामना करना पड़ रहा है?\nb) आपके समक्ष उपलब्ध विकल्पों के गुणों और दोषों पर चर्चा कीजिए। आप इनमें से किस विकल्प का चयन करेंगे और क्यों?\nc) लाभप्रदता और नैतिक श्रम प्रथाओं को संतुलित करने के लिए बहुराष्ट्रीय निगमों के पास कौन-से नैतिक विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250 शब्दों में"],[43,"(a) What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by you in this context?\n(b) Discuss the merits and demerits of the options available to you. Which of these will you choose and why?\n(c) What are the ethical alternatives available to the multinational corporations to balance profitability and ethical labour practices? (Answer in 250 words)\na) What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by you in this context?\nb) Discuss the merits and demerits of the options available to you. Which of these will you choose and why?\nc) What are the ethical alternatives available to the multinational corporations to balance profitability and ethical labour practices?","20","250"],[47,"11. (a) इस प्रकरण में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\n(b) राहुल जैसे गिग श्रमिकों के सामने आने वाली समस्याओं को हल करने के लिए कौन-से उपाय अपनाए जा सकते हैं? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)\na) इस प्रकरण में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\nb) राहुल जैसे गिग श्रमिकों के सामने आने वाली समस्याओं को हल करने के लिए कौन-से उपाय अपनाए जा सकते हैं? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250 शब्दों में"],[48,"(a) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the case.\n(b) What can be done to resolve the problems faced by gig workers like Rahul? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[49,"6 What can be done?\ni Filling the legal loopholes laws for gig workers\nii Rajasthan's recent law on gig employees","",""],[52,"12. In this context, answer the following questions.\n(a) What are the key barriers and challenges that hinder the path of women in their journey towards leadership roles in their respective fields?\n(b) How do the social and cultural norms affect women's employment in India?\n(c) Discuss how gender parity in employment opportunities and career growth be ensured for women in India. (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"]]},{"i":580,"t":"Panchal Smit H","c":"Nextias","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/4/gs-mac-test-1-panchal-smit-1745409446939.pdf","q":[[4,"1. (a) Besides being public servants, they are also citizens and have personal lives. At times, there is an inherent tension among the roles. How can a public servant effectively navigate the intrinsic tension between personal interests and official duties and between private inclinations and public obligations? Explain","10","150"],[6,"(b) \"Ideas are the cornerstone of a strong public service framework globally.\" In the context of this statement, discuss the ideas of a philosopher whose ideas you believe are most pertinent to the civil services in India.","10","150"],[8,"2. (a) \"The challenge of power lies in its responsible application rather than its irresponsible and indulgent use—specifically, how to motivate those in power to serve the public rather than exploit it.\" Analyse the relationship between power and public service. Do you believe that the concept of power conflicts with the ideal of service, or do they complement each other? Substantiate your viewpoint.","10","150"],[10,"(b) Human values emphasise the humane aspects of public servants, whereas public service values focus on the transparency and effectiveness of service delivery. Do you think these value systems conflict with or complement each other? Justify your perspective with relevant examples.","10","150"],[12,"3. (a) \"When good individuals in any society become complacent and cease their vigilance and struggle, malevolent forces prevail.\" Discuss the role and significance of civil society in curbing corruption and official misconduct.","10","150"],[14,"(b) Do you agree with feminist ethicists that women are \"more emotional\" and prioritise relationships over rules, reflecting different yet equally valuable ethical perspectives? Justify your viewpoints with suitable examples.","10","150"],[16,"4 (a) How should an administrator handle conflicts between legal directives and ethical considerations, particularly when directives are illegal and laws are unjust? Discuss","10","150"],[18,"(b) Critically evaluate the role of family and educational institutions in shaping ethical values among civil servants.","10","150"],[20,"5. (a) How can civil servants cultivate a positive attitude towards the weaker sections of society? Suggest some implementable and practical steps.","10","Answer in 150"],[22,"(b) Business ethicists believe that external and internal regulations are insufficient for curtailing or preventing corporate malpractices; they strongly advocate the presence of whistleblowing mechanisms as a check against corporate misgovernance. Do you think corporate governance is incomplete without whistleblowing? Why/Why not? Explain (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[24,"6 Discuss the relevance of the following quotes to the present times.\n(a) \"Moral actions belong to the jurisdiction of the outward and inward court, both civil and domestic governor; I mean both the magistrate and conscience.\" Locke","10","150"],[26,"(b) \"Good people do not need laws to tell them to act responsibly, while bad people will find a way around the laws.\" Plato (Answer in 150 words) 10 Marks","10","150"],[28,"(c) \"A sense of duty is useful in work, but offensive in personal relations.\" Russell","10","Answer in 150"],[30,"7 In a tragic incident that profoundly impacted the community, a public transport bus operated by the city's transportation department plummeted into a ravine due to brake failure. This catastrophic event resulted in the fatalities of several passengers and the driver. As the Head of Safety, the responsibility to investigate and address the underlying causes of this accident is incumbent upon you.\n\nThe accident occurred on a steep mountainous route, a critical and challenging area for bus operations. Initial investigations revealed two primary causes:\n1. The driver was found to be under the influence of alcohol.\n2. The maintenance team had not adequately serviced the bus's braking system.\nThese findings highlighted severe lapses in both the human and mechanical aspects of the transport system.\n\nUpon concluding the inquiry, you realized the complexity of the situation. There were numerous uncertainties and ambiguities, preventing a straightforward assignment of responsibility or a definitive conclusion. The accident might have been averted if the maintenance team had performed their duties diligently. Similarly, if the bus driver had not been intoxicated, he might have been able to prevent the bus from falling into the ravine.\n(a) उपयुक्त मामले में निहित नैतिक मुद्दों और दुविधाओं को पहचान कीजिए।\n(b) उपयुक्त मामले में आपके पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\n(c) आपको क्या लगता है कि नशे में धुत ड्राइवर को व्यक्तिगत जिम्मेदारी पर ध्यान केंद्रित करना अधिक नैतिक है या रखरखाव विफलताओं के व्यापक प्रणालीगत मुद्दे पर? प्रासंगिक नैतिक सिद्धांतों के साथ अपने उत्तर की पुष्टि कीजिए।","20 अंक","250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए"],[31,"(a) Identify the ethical issues and dilemmas in the above case.\n(b) What are the options available to you in the above case?\n(c) What do you think is more ethical to focus on the personal responsibility of the driver, who was intoxicated, or on the broader systemic issue of maintenance failures? Justify your answer with relevant ethical theories.\na) Identify the ethical issues and dilemmas in the above case.\nb) What are the options available to you in the above case?\nc) What do you think is more ethical to focus on the personal responsibility of the driver, who was intoxicated, or on the broader systemic issue of maintenance failures? Justify your answer with relevant ethical theories.","20","Answer in 250"],[35,"8. As an officer in the Right to Information (RTI) division of the Defence Ministry, your primary responsibility is to respond to RTI queries by furnishing relevant details. Most of these RTI applications pertain to tender information and procurement contracts. However, occasionally, applications concerning sensitive matters arise, requiring you to seek legal advice and obtain approval from your senior before responding. Recently, an RTI application was received that involved sensitive departmental initiatives. Following protocol, you sought legal advice, and the legal officer cleared the response. However, your senior did not approve the reply and instructed you to be opaque in your response. Respecting the chain of command, you adhered to the senior's directive and provided a vague and non-informative reply.\n\nUndeterred by the initial response, the applicant resubmitted the application, demonstrating persistence. Once again, you followed the senior's instructions and kept the response deliberately vague. This cycle continued, with the applicant becoming increasingly relentless.\n\nOne day, the entire email trail related to this RTI case got leaked and found its way to the media. It was revealed that the persistent applicant was an RTI activist, dedicated to ensuring transparency and accountability within government departments. The media coverage brought significant public attention and scrutiny to the Defence Ministry's handling of RTI requests, particularly those concerning sensitive information.\n\nIn the aftermath of the media exposure, your senior officer instructed you to take responsibility for the opaque responses. You were left questioning your actions and decisions, pondering where you might have gone wrong.\n(a) Identify the ethical issues and dilemmas involved in the given case.\n(b) What alternatives do you have in the given case?\n(c) Considering the nature of the RTI activist and the right to information of the public, how should you resolve the tension between national security concerns and the principles of transparency and accountability? Explain clearly.","20 अंक","250"],[36,"(a) What are the ethical issues and dilemmas in the above case?\n(b) What are the options available to you in the above case?\n(c) Considering the persistent nature of the RTI activist and the public's right to information, how should you navigate the tension between national security concerns and the principles of transparency and accountability? Explain (Answer in 250 words) 20 marks\na) What are the ethical issues and dilemmas in the above case?\nb) What are the options available to you in the above case?\nc) Considering the persistent nature of the RTI activist and the public's right to information, how should you navigate the tension between national security concerns and the principles of transparency and accountability? Explain (Answer in 250 words) 20 marks","20","250"],[40,"9 (a) उपयुक्त मामले में निहित नैतिक मुद्दों और दुविधाओं को पहचान कीजिए।\n(b) उपयुक्त मामले में आपके पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\n(c) एनजीओ कर्मचारियों से प्राप्त फीडबैक पर विचार करते हुए कि गाँव के पुरुष खुद को उपेक्षित महसूस कर रहे हैं और महिलाओं को प्रशिक्षण सत्रों में भाग लेने से रोकने का प्रयास कर रहे हैं, आप कार्यक्रम में उनके समावेशन और समर्थन को सुनिश्चित करने के लिए क्या रणनीतियाँ लागू करेंगे? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए) 20 अंक\na) उपयुक्त मामले में निहित नैतिक मुद्दों और दुविधाओं को पहचान कीजिए।\nb) उपयुक्त मामले में आपके पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\nc) एनजीओ कर्मचारियों से प्राप्त फीडबैक पर विचार करते हुए कि गाँव के पुरुष खुद को उपेक्षित महसूस कर रहे हैं और महिलाओं को प्रशिक्षण सत्रों में भाग लेने से रोकने का प्रयास कर रहे हैं, आप कार्यक्रम में उनके समावेशन और समर्थन को सुनिश्चित करने के लिए क्या रणनीतियाँ लागू करेंगे? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए) 20 अंक","20 अंक","250 शब्दों में"],[41,"(a) What the issues that you notice in the above case?\n(b) What are actionable options available to you?\n(c) Considering the feedback from the NGO staff about village men feeling left out and attempting to dissuade women from attending training sessions, what strategies would you implement to ensure their inclusion and support for the program? (Answer in 250 words) 20 marks\na) What the issues that you notice in the above case?\nb) What are actionable options available to you?\nc) Considering the feedback from the NGO staff about village men feeling left out and attempting to dissuade women from attending training sessions, what strategies would you implement to ensure their inclusion and support for the program?","20","250"],[44,"strategies to ensure inclusion of male and support program?","",""],[45,"10 (a) उपयुक्त मामले में निहित नैतिक मुद्दों और दुविधाओं की पहचान कीजिए।\n(b) उपयोगितावादी दृष्टिकोण को ध्यान में रखते हुए, क्या आपको लगता है कि श्री कुमार को झुग्गी-झोपड़ियों के निवासियों की बेहतरी के लिए परियोजना में तेजी लाने के श्री शर्मा के प्रस्ताव को स्वीकार कर लेना चाहिए था? क्यों अथवा क्यों नहीं?\n(c) गुण नीतिशास्त्र (virtue ethics) के संदर्भ में, श्री कुमार जैसे वरिष्ठ सिविल सेवक के लिए नैतिक चरित्र और सत्यनिष्ठा के महत्व पर चर्चा कीजिए। इस दुविधा को हल करने में इन गुणों को उनके कार्यों का मार्गदर्शन किस प्रकार से करना चाहिए? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए) 20 अंक\na) उपयुक्त मामले में निहित नैतिक मुद्दों और दुविधाओं की पहचान कीजिए।\nb) उपयोगितावादी दृष्टिकोण को ध्यान में रखते हुए, क्या आपको लगता है कि श्री कुमार को झुग्गी-झोपड़ियों के निवासियों की बेहतरी के लिए परियोजना में तेजी लाने के श्री शर्मा के प्रस्ताव को स्वीकार कर लेना चाहिए था? क्यों अथवा क्यों नहीं?\nc) गुण नीतिशास्त्र (virtue ethics) के संदर्भ में, श्री कुमार जैसे वरिष्ठ सिविल सेवक के लिए नैतिक चरित्र और सत्यनिष्ठा के महत्व पर चर्चा कीजिए। इस दुविधा को हल करने में इन गुणों को उनके कार्यों का मार्गदर्शन किस प्रकार से करना चाहिए? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए) 20 अंक","20 अंक","250 शब्दों में"],[46,"(a) What are the ethical issues and dilemmas in the above case?\n(b) Considering the utilitarian perspective, do you think Mr. Kumar should have accepted Mr. Sharma's proposal to expedite the project for the greater good of the slum residents? Why or why not?\n(c) In the context of virtue ethics, discuss the importance of moral character and integrity for a senior civil servant like Mr. Kumar. How should these virtues guide his actions in resolving the dilemma?\na) What are the ethical issues and dilemmas in the above case?\nb) Considering the utilitarian perspective, do you think Mr. Kumar should have accepted Mr. Sharma's proposal to expedite the project for the greater good of the slum residents? Why or why not?\nc) In the context of virtue ethics, discuss the importance of moral character and integrity for a senior civil servant like Mr. Kumar. How should these virtues guide his actions in resolving the dilemma?","20","250"],[51,"11. (a) उपयुक्त मामले में निहित नैतिक मुद्दों और दुविधाओं की पहचान कीजिए।\n(b) सुश्री राव के पास उपलब्ध विकल्प क्या हैं?\n(c) आप सुश्री राव के लिए किस प्रकार की कार्रवाई का सुझाव देंगे? क्यों?\n(d) क्या आपको लगता है कि देरी के लिए सुश्री राव को जवाबदेह ठहराना उचित था? क्यों/क्यों नहीं?\na) उपयुक्त मामले में निहित नैतिक मुद्दों और दुविधाओं की पहचान कीजिए।\nb) सुश्री राव के पास उपलब्ध विकल्प क्या हैं?\nc) आप सुश्री राव के लिए किस प्रकार की कार्रवाई का सुझाव देंगे? क्यों?\nd) क्या आपको लगता है कि देरी के लिए सुश्री राव को जवाबदेह ठहराना उचित था? क्यों/क्यों नहीं?","20 अंक","250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए"],[52,"In a critical meeting, the state Chief Secretary, Mr. Vikram Patel, emphasized the urgency of advancing the project and held Ms. Rao accountable for the delays, lack of progress, and overall non-performance. Ms. Rao left the meeting disappointed and felt holding her accountable for delay was unfair as there were others also involved in the project.\n(a) What are the ethical issues and dilemmas involved in the above case?\n(b) What are the options available to Ms. Rao?\n(c) What course of action would you suggest for Ms. Rao? Why?\n(d) Do you think holding Ms. Rao accountable for the delays was justified? Why/Why not? (Answer in 250 words) 20 marks\na) What are the ethical issues and dilemmas involved in the above case?\nb) What are the options available to Ms. Rao?\nc) What course of action would you suggest for Ms. Rao? Why?\nd) Do you think holding Ms. Rao accountable for the delays was justified? Why/Why not?","20","250"],[56,"12 (a) सुश्री शर्मा के सामने मौजूद मुद्दे और दुविधाएँ क्या हैं?\n(b) अपने विभाग में उत्पीड़न और धमकाने की शिकायतों का संंबोधित करने में सुश्री शर्मा को किन नैतिक सिद्धांतों द्वारा मार्गदर्शित होना चाहिए?\n(c) सरकारी विभागों में उत्पीड़न और धमकाने को रोकने के लिए कौन-सी दीर्घकालिक रणनीतियाँ लागू की जानी चाहिए? ये रणनीतियाँ सम्मान और समावेशिता की संस्कृति को कैसे बढ़ावा दे सकती हैं?\n(250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए) 20 अंक\na) सुश्री शर्मा के सामने मौजूद मुद्दे और दुविधाएँ क्या हैं?\nb) अपने विभाग में उत्पीड़न और धमकाने की शिकायतों का संंबोधित करने में सुश्री शर्मा को किन नैतिक सिद्धांतों द्वारा मार्गदर्शित होना चाहिए?\nc) सरकारी विभागों में उत्पीड़न और धमकाने को रोकने के लिए कौन-सी दीर्घकालिक रणनीतियाँ लागू की जानी चाहिए? ये रणनीतियाँ सम्मान और समावेशिता की संस्कृति को कैसे बढ़ावा दे सकती हैं?","20 अंक","250 शब्दों में"],[57,"(a) What are the issues and dilemmas that confront Ms. Sharma?\n(b) What ethical principles should guide Ms. Sharma in addressing the harassment and bullying complaints in her department?\n(c) What long-term strategies should be implemented to prevent harassment and bullying in government departments? How can these strategies promote a culture of respect and inclusivity? (Answer in 250 words) 20 marks\na) What are the issues and dilemmas that confront Ms. Sharma?\nb) What ethical principles should guide Ms. Sharma in addressing the harassment and bullying complaints in her department?\nc) What long-term strategies should be implemented to prevent harassment and bullying in government departments? How can these strategies promote a culture of respect and inclusivity?","20","250"]]},{"i":581,"t":"Panchal Smit Hasmukhbhai","c":"Nextias","p":"Essay","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/4/panchal-essay-test-2-1745478784591.pdf","q":[[7,"Q.1 The function of education is to teach one to think intensively and to think critically.","",""],[19,"Q.5 Not everything that is faced can be changed, but nothing can be changed until it is faced.","",""]]},{"i":582,"t":"Panchal Snit Hasmukhbhai","c":"Nextias","p":"Essay","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/4/panchal-essay-test-5-1745478822028.pdf","q":[[7,"Q.1 Procrastination is like taking a loan, enjoy it only till you have to pay the bill.","",""],[19,"Q.6 Darkness is nothing, but only absence of light.","",""]]},{"i":583,"t":"Pankaj Soni","c":"Forumias","p":"Essay","y":2025,"r":130,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/PANKAJ-SONI-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-130-Sample-ESSAY-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"1. You are the master of your conscience and you are the ruler of your destiny.\n2. The inability to see potential in others is the greatest disability\n3. Men are governed only by serving them.\n4. Desires cannot be contrary to nature since it was given to man by nature itself","",""],[16,"1. Technology and inclusion go hand in hand in eliminating barriers","",""],[18,"In this regards let us analyse the statement, is too much democracy is detrimental of development?","",""]]},{"i":584,"t":"Pankaj Soni","c":"Forumias","p":"GS1","y":2025,"r":130,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/PANKAJ-SONI-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-130-Sample-MGP-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) The Hoysala period saw the development of a distinctive style of temple architecture renowned for its intricacy and artistic brilliance. Elaborate.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) British colonial rule had a profound impact on Indian agriculture, fundamentally altering the traditional agrarian economy which led to severe peasant resistance. Discuss.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) The history of India's independence would remain incomplete without acknowledging the significant contributions from the Northeast region. Substantiate.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) The diversity of landforms across the Earth's surface reflects the unique signatures left by different geomorphic agents. In this context, describe the various erosional and depositional landforms created by glacial action.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5 Explain the factors contributing to the variability of the Indian monsoon. Also, discuss its multi-dimensional impact.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) Describing the distribution of palm oil producing countries, throw light on the major environmental issues faced by them.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7 At the time of her independence, India was beset with multiple challenges. Enumerating those challenges, analyze how far India has been able to address them.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) What do you understand by the Meiji restoration? Discuss its impact on Japan and the world.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9) Discuss the reasons for the rise in prevalence of substance abuse in India. Also, examine its impact on family and society.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10 Do you think that a Uniform Civil Code (UCC) is essential in a multi-cultural and diverse country like India? Justify your answer.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11 Discuss how the Bhakti movement, along with questioning the established social order, also made substantial contributions to the development of devotional literature.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12 The Marathas posed a formidable challenge to British expansion but could not consolidate their power into a centralized authority capable of rivaling British dominance in India. Comment.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 The political reorganization of states and territories has been an ongoing process in the post-independence era. Discuss with examples. How successful has it been in accommodating diverse regional aspirations?","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 Highlighting the contributions of revolutionaries to the Indian freedom movement, discuss the factors that limited their efforts.","15","250"],[35,"2 (b) \"The aspirations of the Indian national movement extended to securing social justice and economic regeneration, in addition to political freedom.\" Elaborate.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16) The 'paper partition' of Africa and its prolonged journey to decolonization stand in contrast to colonial experiences elsewhere. Analyse.","15","250"],[41,"India faces a grave water crisis due to soaring demand, pollution, and climate change, which necessitates urgent measures to ensure water security for all.\" Examine.","15","250"],[44,"Also, discuss the various consequences of volcanoes.","15","250"],[47,"\"A seemingly casteless upper caste and an apparently caste-defined lower caste is one of the central aspects of the institution of caste in contemporary times\". Comment.","15","250"],[50,"Tolerance and harmony are engrained in societal ethos of India, but communal discord remains a significant threat to the nation's pluralistic fabric. Elaborate.","15","250"]]},{"i":585,"t":"Pankaj Soni","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2025,"r":130,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/PANKAJ-SONI-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-130-Sample-MGP-Copy-3.pdf","q":[[3,"Why As the soul of the Constitution, the preamble is not only a majestic expression of philosophy and principles but also declares the purpose of the constitution. Elaborate.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Article 21 of the Constitution has been interpreted expansively to encompass various facets of personal freedom and dignity. Elucidate with the help of relevant case laws.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) Explain how the Presidents of India and the USA differ in their election processes and the extent of their powers.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4 Critically examine the functioning of National Human Rights Commission of India (NHRC) as an apex institution entrusted with the protection of human rights in the country.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) The 106th Constitutional Amendment Act (Nari Shakti Vandan Adhiniyam, 2023) is regarded as a landmark step towards women's empowerment and representation, making women-led development a tangible reality. How far do you think this will help in making the Indian political process more gender-inclusive?","10","150"],[14,"Q.6 India's growing elderly population is faced with a multitude of challenges necessitating development of a comprehensive policy framework to manage this demographic transition. Analyse.","10","150"],[16,"Q.7 Discuss the benefits and challenges associated with the entry and operation of foreign higher educational institutions for internationalization of Indian higher education, in the light of recently released UGC guidelines regarding the same.","10","150"],[18,"Q.8 How far do you think that farmers association has been successful as a Pressure Group?","10","150"],[20,"Q.9) The peaceful and co-operative relationship between India and Bhutan provides a unique model of bilateral ties in South Asia. Elucidate.","10","150"],[22,"Q.10 While the Gulf region offers lucrative job opportunities, the Indian diaspora often finds itself grappling with severe challenges. Analyse.","10","150"],[24,"Q.11) Recent years have witnessed a concerning decline in Parliament's functioning, marked by frequent disruptions and reduced debate on crucial national issues. Analyze the reasons for the decline in Parliament's functioning in the country and suggest remedial measures.","15","250"],[27,"Q.12) To what extent, in your opinion, has the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act been successful in laying a foundation for participatory and inclusive governance at the grassroot level?","15","250"],[30,"Q.13 Describe the various mechanisms available for the resolution of disputes concerning the use, distribution, or control of inter-state rivers. Also, state the reasons for their limited success.","15","250"],[33,"Q.14 The Election Commission of India (ECI) stands as a sentinel of democracy, ensuring that the world's largest electoral exercise is conducted with integrity and efficiency. In light of the statement, discuss the role of ECI in conducting free and fair elections. Also, state the associated challenges and suggest remedial measures.","15","250"],[36,"Q.15 While e-governance offers immense potential to revolutionize governance and service delivery, its successful implementation requires addressing multifaceted challenges. Discuss.","15","250"],[39,"Q.16) Assess the performance of various schemes and policies undertaken to improve the socio-economic conditions of vulnerable sections of society. What measures do you suggest to enhance their performance?","15","250"],[42,"Q.17 What are the common challenges faced by NGOs when working with the government? How can these challenges be mitigated to ensure a productive partnership between NGOs and the government?","15","250"],[45,"Q.18 \"Poverty is a complex phenomenon that goes beyond material deprivation, necessitating comprehensive strategies that address the multifaceted nature of deprivation.\" Elaborate.","15","250"],[48,"Q.19 The expansion of BRICS presents new prospects for the organization, but their realization depends on the member states' ability to address internal challenges and enhance cooperation. Elaborate.","15","250"],[51,"Q.20 \"A multipolar world order is not merely an option but a necessity\". Elaborate. How can India leverage its position to strengthen multipolarity in the global arena?","15","250"]]},{"i":586,"t":"Pawan Kumar Pandey","c":"Vision","p":"Essay","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/24efc-900058_2488_pawan-kumar-pandey_rank_138.pdf","q":[[5,"Write two essays, choosing one topic from each of the Sections A and B, in about 1000-1200 words each :\n1. It is easier to build strong children than to repair broken men.\n2. A mind all logic is like a knife all blade, it makes the hand bleed that uses it.\n3. Just when the caterpillar thought the world was over, it became a butterfly.\n4. History is a cyclic poem written by time upon the memories of man.\n5. The wise man does at once what the fool does finally.\n6. The world is a tragedy to those who feel, but a comedy to those who think.\n7. Perfect clarity would profit the intellect but damage the will.\n8. Keep your face to the sunshine and you cannot see a shadow.","125 x 2 = 250","about 1000-1200 words each"],[6,"1. It is easier to build strong children than to repair broken men.\n2. A mind all logic is like a knife all blade, it makes the hand bleed that uses it.\n3. Just when the caterpillar thought the world was over, it became a butterfly.\n4. History is a cyclic poem written by time upon the memories of man.","",""],[18,"5. The wise man does at once what the fool does finally.","",""],[30,"2 What characterises the feeling that world is over? and why this feeling?\n1 Pessimistic thought\n2 lack of motivation to work\n3 feeling of instant gratification\n4 poor work culture\n5 corruption due to globalisation","",""]]},{"i":588,"t":"Pawan Kumar Pandey","c":"Vision","p":"GS1","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/cea57-900058_4510_pawan-kumar-pandey_rank_138.pdf","q":[[6,"1. Folk music serves as a repository of the cultural identity. Discuss the role of folk music in preserving cultural heritage and promoting social cohesion.","10","150"],[8,"2. How does the Vesara style of temple architecture represent a synthesis of the Nagara and Dravida styles? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[10,"3. Discuss the role played by Indians living abroad in advancing the cause of India's freedom struggle. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[12,"4. How did the Marshall Plan influence the economic recovery and political stability of post-war Europe? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[14,"5. Discuss the factors responsible for increased cyclonic activity in the Arabian Sea. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"6. How can technological interventions help in transforming the textile sector in India? What are the initiatives that the government has taken in this regard?","10","Answer in 150"],[18,"7. What is a seiche and how does it form? Discuss the geographical conditions under which seiches are most likely to occur. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[20,"8. How has rapid urbanisation affected the socio-cultural landscape of peri-urban regions in India?","10","150"],[22,"9. Examine the role of historical and socio-political factors in driving communalism in Indian politics. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[24,"10. Globalization has significantly influenced the aspirations, lifestyle, and value systems of Indian youth. Discuss with suitable examples. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[26,"11. Examine how Chandragupta-II's reign symbolised a golden age of cultural development, laying the foundation for future advancements in Indian art and literature.","15","250"],[29,"12. Evaluate the intended and unintended consequences of British educational policies for the Indian society in the colonial period. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[32,"13. India's territorial disputes after independence were not merely about borders, but also encompass issues of national identity, historical grievances, and geopolitical strategies. Discuss.","15","250"],[35,"14. Discuss the geographical conditions responsible for the development of shola forests in the upper reaches of the Western Ghats. Highlight their ecological significance.","15","Answer in 250"],[38,"15. Discuss the potential of natural hydrogen as a fuel to meet growing global energy demands? Why is it still an untapped industry? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[41,"16. Why is there a shift of labour-intensive industries from China to South and Southeast Asia? Discuss the advantages and challenges for India in this context.","15","Answer in 250"],[44,"17. Explain the socio-economic transformations resulting from women's migration to metropolitan areas in India. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[47,"18. The institution of marriage in India is increasingly becoming a site of conspicuous consumption and commodification. Critically examine the impact of this commercialisation on social equity and gender relations. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[50,"19 Analyse how recognizing, reducing, and redistributing care work can foster gender equality and promote inclusive development in India.","15","250"],[53,"20. Discuss the changing nature of family structures in urban India. How is it impacting elderly care and socialization of the youth? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"]]},{"i":589,"t":"Pawan Kumar Pandey","c":"Vision","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/cd12a-900058_4511_pawan-kumar-pandey_rank_138.pdf","q":[[6,"1. How does the Supreme Court's recent decision on Aligarh Muslim University's minority status affect the interpretation of Article 30 of the Indian Constitution? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[8,"2. The Supreme Court, in a recent verdict, prescribed a time period for the Governor's assent to state legislative bills. What are the implications of this judgment for cooperative federalism and legislative accountability in India?","10","Answer in 150"],[10,"3. Discuss the recent changes and initiatives related to cooperatives that aim to smoothen the tussle between the Centre and States in the cooperative sector.","10","150"],[12,"4. In recent years, use of social media and digital mobilisation by civil society has emerged as a powerful form of pressure politics. Examine its impact on policymaking and democratic accountability.","10","150"],[14,"5. How is Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) emerging as a business-led solution for addressing development challenges in India? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"6. Discuss how mechanisms like public consultations and Jan Sunwais in India impact governance outcomes. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[18,"7. How effective have the National Action Plan for Drug Demand Reduction (NAPDDR) and Nasha Mukt Bharat Abhiyaan been in addressing substance abuse in India? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[20,"8. Rote learning and neglect of creativity in foundational education setup in India make it less ready for marketplaces that are now driven by Artificial Intelligence. Do you agree with this view? Substantiate your argument. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[22,"9. Analyze the transformation of the G7 from a symbol of Western strategic unity to a forum marked by internal contradictions. How should India navigate this changing dynamic to advance its strategic interests? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[24,"10. Discuss the role of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in the development of developing countries. What are the key criticisms associated with its approach? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[26,"11. The 103rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 2019 has introduced a new dimension to the principle of affirmative action in India. Critically examine its implications for the broader goal of social justice.","15","250"],[29,"12. The District Planning Committee (DPC) was envisioned as a key instrument to strengthen grassroots-level planning. How far has it succeeded in achieving this goal? Discuss the challenges faced by DPCs and suggest measures to make them more effective.","15","250"],[32,"13. The restrictions imposed under Article 293 of the Constitution on State borrowing powers, though constitutionally valid, may hinder fiscal autonomy of States and disrupt cooperative federalism. Discuss in the light of recent developments.","15","250"],[35,"14. Examine the tension between the right to contest elections and the need to uphold electoral ethics under the Representation of the People Act. Should there be a lifetime ban on convicted criminals? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[38,"15. To what extent has the Beti Bachao Beti Padhao (BBBP) scheme, launched in 2015, succeeded in addressing the declining child sex ratio and empowering the girl child? Suggest measures to enhance its impact at the grassroots level.","15","250"],[41,"16. Self-Help Groups (SHGs) are emerging as vehicles of socio-economic transformation in rural India. Examine the role of government in scaling their reach and effectiveness. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[44,"17. Despite economic growth, multidimensional poverty continues to persist in India. Analyse the underlying causes and discuss the measures taken by the government to address them. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[47,"18. India faces a paradox of food surplus and nutritional deficit. Analyse the structural reasons behind this paradox and suggest reform strategies.","15","Answer in 250"],[50,"19. India's timely response during the economic crises in Sri Lanka and the Maldives reflects its \"Neighbourhood First\" policy in action. Examine how Indian aid has impacted bilateral ties with these nations. What steps can further be taken to promote sustainable economic cooperation in the Indian Ocean region? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[53,"20. Discuss the geostrategic significance of Afghanistan for India in the context of continental connectivity and access to Central Asia. How has the altered political landscape post-2021 affected India's connectivity and energy corridor ambitions? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"]]},{"i":590,"t":"Pawan Kumar Pandey","c":"Vision","p":"GS3","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/b335b-900058_4512_pawan-kumar-pandey_rank_138.pdf","q":[[6,"1. Analyse the factors that have contributed to India's inclusive economic growth in the past decade. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[8,"2. The Reserve Bank of India's surplus transfers offer the government much-needed fiscal space, yet they are not without challenges. Critically examine the implications of the RBI's surplus transfers to the government.","10","150"],[10,"3. To what extent was the first National Monetization Pipeline (NMP) able to meet its objectives? What are the objectives of the new Asset Monetization Plan 2025–30 as announced in the recent 2025 Budget? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[12,"4. Examine the major challenges hindering the Indian textile industry from achieving its full potential in the global value chain.","10","150"],[14,"5. Why has India become increasingly import-dependent for edible oils despite being a major agricultural economy? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"6. Air accidents are low-frequency but high-impact events. Examine the disaster management protocols in place for aviation-related emergencies in India.","10","150"],[18,"7. Chemical pollution poses a grave threat to human health and the environment in India. Discuss the key sources contributing to pervasive chemical contamination and evaluate the effectiveness of existing environmental laws in curbing this problem.","10","150"],[20,"8. Missile defence systems are becoming critical for national security in the face of evolving regional threats and advanced weapon technologies. Explain the working principle of missile defence systems. Critically assess India's progress in developing indigenous missile defence capabilities. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[22,"9. Despite multiple resolutions and initiatives undertaken by the United Nations Security Council (UNSC), its efforts to counter terrorism have achieved limited success. Discuss the reasons for this limited effectiveness.","10","150"],[24,"10. India practices a ‘multi-alignment’ approach in its cyber diplomacy. How does this posture strengthen India’s internal security while maintaining strategic autonomy? (Answer in 150 words)","","150"],[26,"11. While examining the shortcomings of the land reforms in the past, elaborate what land reforms 2.0 should look like.","15","Answer in 250"],[29,"12. As NITI Aayog completes 10 years of its establishment, critically examine its role in the planning and development paradigm of governance in India.","15","250"],[32,"13. What are the primary causes of limited formal credit penetration among the rural and unbanked populations in India? Comment on the effectiveness of Small Finance Banks in addressing this gap and advancing inclusive financial growth.","","250"],[35,"14. To what extent has the Production Linked Incentive Scheme for the food processing industry facilitated value addition, employment generation, and global competitiveness in India's food processing industry? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[38,"15. Waste circularity is emerging as a sustainable solution to India's mounting solid waste crisis. Discuss the key principles of waste circularity and the government's initiative in this regard. How effective have these measures been in fostering a circular economy? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[41,"16. Discuss the importance of integrating traditional ecological knowledge of India's tribal communities with modern disaster management frameworks. Mention two examples where indigenous practices have contributed to disaster resilience.","15","250"],[44,"17. CRISPR technology has rapidly advanced in recent years, with new tools and clinical breakthroughs. Highlight the recent developments in CRISPR-based gene editing technology applications. Discuss the opportunities and ethical challenges these advancements present for healthcare and society.","15","250"],[47,"18. A credible semiconductor ecosystem is pivotal for India's economic security as much as for national security. Analyse the strategic objectives, incentives, and institutional architecture of the India Semiconductor Mission (ISM). Identify the major risks that could derail its timelines.","15","Answer in 250"],[50,"19. Intricate inter-play of diverse factors has been the force multipliers for extremism in the North East. Discuss. Suggest a multilayered strategy to tackle the menace of extremism in this region.","15","250"],[53,"20. Despite recent steps towards inducting women into combat roles, their participation remains low. Examine the key challenges impeding the greater inclusion of women in the Indian armed forces. Also, suggest suitable measures to enhance their participation.","15","250"]]},{"i":587,"t":"Pawan Kumar Pandey","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/d8a9a-900058_2931_pawan-kumar-pandey_rank_138.pdf","q":[[6,"1. (a) The end cannot justify the means, for the simple and obvious reason that the means employed determine the nature of the ends produced. Discuss with suitable examples.","10","150"],[8,"1. (b) Discuss how the relationship between law and ethics is dynamic and continuously shaped by societal changes. Provide examples to illustrate this dynamic relationship.","10","150"],[10,"2. (a) Differentiate between probity and integrity with suitable examples. How do these values contribute to ethical governance and decision-making in the civil services? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[12,"2. (b) Discuss the ethical implications of withholding information in public administration. How can transparency enhance accountability and reduce corruption in government institutions? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[14,"3 (a) What do each of the following quotations mean to you?\n \"There is no school equal to a decent home and no teacher equal to a virtuous parent.\" - Mahatma Gandhi (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"3. (b) \"Everyone thinks of changing the world, but no one thinks of changing himself.\" - Leo Tolstoy (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[17,"(5) Buddha changed himself completely what hampers when one changes himself?","",""],[18,"3. (c) \"To see what is right and not do it is a lack of courage.\" – Confucius (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[20,"4. (a) What factors lead to a positive attitude in a person? How does positive attitude enhance the effectiveness of civil servants in performing their duties?","10","150"],[22,"4. (b) Discuss how emotional intelligence can influence ethical decision-making in the allocation of scarce public resources.","10","150"],[24,"5. (a) Various international humanitarian organizations provide emergency aid in conflict zones around the world. Highlight the ethical challenges faced by such organizations. What are the principles that guide international humanitarian work?","10","Answer in 150"],[26,"5. (b) Why is persuasion regarded as an important skill for civil servants? What are the key considerations that should guide persuasion in governance? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[28,"6. (a) What role can ethical leadership play in curbing corruption, especially in public service? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[29,"How can ethical leadership be promoted?","",""],[30,"6. (b) What were the major teachings of Swami Dayanand Saraswati? Explain their relevance in addressing the current ethical and social challenges in India.","10","150"],[33,"(a) Discuss the ethical dilemma Karan faces in deciding whether to report the incident against Mariyam's wishes.\n(b) Evaluate the options available to Karan. Which of these options should he choose and why?\n(c) What responsibilities do organizations like XYZ Corp have in preventing and addressing sexual harassment and creating inclusive workplace environments? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[38,"8 (a) शिक्षा विभाग के आयुक्त के रूप में जय के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं? इनमें से प्रत्येक विकल्प का मूल्यांकन कीजिए।\n(b) जय को कौन-सा विकल्प अपनाना चाहिए और क्यों?\n(c) जय जैसे सिविल सेवकों को अपने दायित्वों के निर्वहन में नैतिक मानकों को बनाए रखने के प्रयास के दौरान बेहतर सुरक्षा कैसे प्रदान की जा सकती है? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)\na) शिक्षा विभाग के आयुक्त के रूप में जय के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं? इनमें से प्रत्येक विकल्प का मूल्यांकन कीजिए।\nb) जय को कौन-सा विकल्प अपनाना चाहिए और क्यों?\nc) जय जैसे सिविल सेवकों को अपने दायित्वों के निर्वहन में नैतिक मानकों को बनाए रखने के प्रयास के दौरान बेहतर सुरक्षा कैसे प्रदान की जा सकती है? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250 शब्दों में"],[39,"(a) What are the options available to Jay as the Commissioner of the Education Department? Evaluate each of these options.\n(b) What option should Jay adopt and why?\n(c) How can civil servants like Jay be better protected when they attempt to uphold ethical standards in their work? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[43,"9 As the District Magistrate of X city, you are responsible for overseeing the construction of a new metro depot in an urban forest area, which is a critical infrastructure project aimed at improving public transportation and reducing traffic congestion and air pollution. The project, however, requires the clearance of a substantial portion of the forest, which has triggered strong opposition from environmental activists, local residents, and NGOs. This forest is widely regarded as essential for the city's ecological balance, often referred to as the city's \"lungs.\" In addition to the environmental concerns, you are under considerable pressure from politicians at the state-level to expedite the project, given the upcoming elections in two years. The political leadership emphasizes the benefits of the metro project for the city's development and its potential to garner electoral support. The project is expected to significantly reduce travel time for thousands of commuters and potentially decrease overall vehicle emissions in the city. However, it would also lead to the loss of thousands of trees and disrupt local ecosystems. As you prepare to make a decision, you are aware that your choice will have far-reaching consequences for both the city's development and its environment.\n(a) Identify the ethical dilemmas involved in the above case.\n(b) Evaluate the options available to you in the above situation. Which of these would you choose and why?\n(c) Suggest some measures that could be implemented to balance urban development needs with environmental conservation in future projects. (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[48,"10 Dr. Mehra is a senior drug developer at a leading pharmaceutical company in India, renowned for producing various medications, including lifesaving drugs critical for treating chronic and rare diseases. Since its inception, the company has emphasized the quality and affordability of its drugs.\n\nRecently, under revised government guidelines, pharmaceutical companies are required to market a finished product only after obtaining \"satisfactory results\" from tests on the ingredients. Additionally, they must retain a sufficient quantity of samples of both intermediate and final products to allow repeated testing or verification of a batch.\n\nDr. Mehra's team is in the final stages of developing a new medication for a rare but life-threatening disease. This drug has shown promising results in clinical trials. However, there have been unresolved concerns about the long-term side effects of the drug, observed in a small percentage of trial subjects. Despite this, the company has not released any major drug in the past decade, leading to significant pressure from the board members to expedite the drug's release.\n(a) Identify the stakeholders in the above case study.\n(b) Discuss the ethical issues faced by Dr. Mehra.\n(c) Analyse the options available to Dr. Mehra in the above case. Which of these would you choose and why? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[53,"11. You have been appointed as the Under Secretary in the State Urban Development Department. The Department has been tasked with a prestigious project aimed at revitalizing the infrastructure of a city with deep historical significance. This project, which you are extremely passionate about, involves modernizing public transportation, restoring heritage buildings, and creating green spaces while preserving the city's cultural essence.\n\nExcited by the opportunity, you spent weeks researching and drafting a comprehensive proposal. Your plan included innovative ideas for sustainable development, community engagement, and leveraging technology for urban planning. You presented these initial plans in a departmental meeting, hoping to inspire your colleagues and kickstart the project.\n\nHowever, your enthusiasm was met with indifference. Your colleagues showed little interest, failing to contribute ideas or efforts towards the project. Concerned, you reported this lack of enthusiasm to your immediate superior, who is also the authority for this project. To your dismay,\n(a) इस प्रकरण में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\n(b) उपयुक्त कार्य संस्कृति कार्यस्थल पर मनोबल और उत्पादकता को किस प्रकार प्रभावित करती है?\n(c) आपके पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं और आप इस स्थिति का समाधान किस प्रकार करेंगे? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250 शब्दों में"],[54,"(a) Discuss the ethical issues involved in this case.\n(b) How does the above-mentioned work culture affect workplace morale and productivity?\n(c) What are the options available to you and how would you address the situation? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[58,"12 (a) उपयुक्त प्रकरण के आलोक में, कॉर्पोरेट, राजनीतिक और नौकरशाही के हितों के बीच गठजोड़ से उत्पन्न होने वाले नैतिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\n(b) एक कर्तव्यनिष्ठ सिविल सेवक के रूप में, अरुण के पास उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन कीजिए। उसे कौन-सा विकल्प चुनना चाहिए और क्यों? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)\na) उपयुक्त प्रकरण के आलोक में, कॉर्पोरेट, राजनीतिक और नौकरशाही के हितों के बीच गठजोड़ से उत्पन्न होने वाले नैतिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\nb) एक कर्तव्यनिष्ठ सिविल सेवक के रूप में, अरुण के पास उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन कीजिए। उसे कौन-सा विकल्प चुनना चाहिए और क्यों? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250 शब्दों में"],[59,"(a) In light of the above case, discuss the ethical issues that may arise from the nexus between corporate, political, and bureaucratic interests.\n(b) As a conscientious civil servant, evaluate the options available to Arun. Which option should he choose and why? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"]]},{"i":591,"t":"Polavarapu Dhwanish","c":"Forumias","p":"Essay","y":2025,"r":108,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/POLAVARAPU-DHWANISH-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-108-Sample-Essay-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"1. True leadership lies in serving not ruling.\n2. Democracy is not just the right to vote, it is the right to live in dignity.\n3. Growing regional aspirations and demand for greater autonomy: A challenge to Indian federalism.\n4. The ballot is stronger than the bullet.","",""],[18,"1. The great aim of education is not knowledge but action.\n2. The global south must redefine development through cooperation and justice.\n3. There is no health without mental health.\n4. If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich.","",""]]},{"i":592,"t":"Polavarapu Dhwanish","c":"Forumias","p":"GS3","y":2025,"r":108,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/POLAVARAPU-DHWANISH-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-108-Sample-MGP-Copy-2.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) The Union Budget 2025-26 outlines a shift towards the 'debt-to-GDP ratio' as the fiscal anchor starting from FY 2026-27. Discuss the rationale behind this shift.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Why does India need to transition from a 'build to print' to a 'build to design' model in manufacturing? What steps has been taken by the government in this regard?","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) Explain the concept of a nutrition-sensitive food system and suggest strategies to achieve it in the country.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) Give a brief overview of the 'Digital Agriculture Mission'. How can it benefit the agriculture sector?","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) Rare earths are not just elements; they are foundational inputs that act like ‘seeds of technology’. Elaborate.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) Why retrofitting Electrostatic Precipitators (ESPs) in Indian thermal power plants is a more viable and effective option compared to the installation of flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems?","10","150"],[15,"Q.7 'The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) regime in India remains weak and is often reduced to a procedural formality.' In light of this statement, examine the key challenges in EIA implementation and suggest reforms.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) Plastic pollution is emerging as a serious environmental threat in India. Discuss the various mitigation measures to address this problem and also the government's initiatives in this regard.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9 Amid evolving threats, there is a need to blend private sector capabilities with India's current internal security architecture. In this context, elaborate on the ways in which the private sector can contribute to strengthening internal security.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10) 'Radicalisation in Jammu and Kashmir is driven as much by socio-economic factors as by external influences.' Discuss how education and youth engagement can play a role in countering radicalisation in J&K.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11) Outlining the key characteristics of the care economy, discuss how India can better integrate the value of unpaid and underpaid care work into its economic framework.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12) ‘The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) presents both unprecedented opportunities and significant challenges for India’s labour market.’ Examine. Also suggest strategies to align AI adoption with inclusive and resilient labour market outcomes.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13) Why does India's agricultural export performance remain weak despite high production levels? What measures would you suggest to improve agri-export competitiveness?","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 \"The agricultural subsidy regime in the country needs reforms to address the distortions it causes.\" Comment.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 How can biomanufacturing transform today's consumptive manufacturing paradigm to the one based on regenerative principles? Also discuss how BioE3 Policy (Biotechnology for Economy, Environment, and Employment) aims to foster biomanufacturing in the country.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16) The future of digital innovation depends on self-reliant, domain-specific AI capabilities. In this context, bring out the key considerations in developing indigenous AI models and tools. Suggest measures to build an enabling ecosystem for AI innovation in India. What initiatives have been taken by the government in this regard?","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 Marine oil spills are a form of environmental disaster, with far-reaching consequences for biodiversity and coastal livelihoods; however, India's preparedness to prevent such incidents and mitigate their impact has significant gaps. Analyze.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18) 'The United Nations has declared 2025 as the International Year of Glacier Preservation.' Bring out the ecological and socio-economic significance of glaciers. What are the key challenges in preserving them? What measures have been taken at national and international levels towards preservation of glaciers?","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 What are the determinants of insurgency in the north-eastern region of India? What strategy should the Government of India, civil administration and security forces adopt to counter the threat in the affected areas?","15","250"],[50,"Q.20) Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have become an integral aspect of modern conflict and warfare, employed by both state and non-state actors. Discuss its implications for India's security architecture and state the measures being taken to address them. Also suggest other steps to tackle the threats emanating from UAVs.","15","250"]]},{"i":594,"t":"Pooja Soni","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2025,"r":249,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/POOJA-SONI-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-249-Sample-MGP-Copy-2.pdf","q":[[2,"Q.1) Examine the scope and significance of the Supreme Court's advisory jurisdiction under Article 143 of the Constitution. (10 Marks, 150 Words)","10","150"],[4,"Q.2) What is delimitation, and why is it important? What challenges are associated with the delimitation exercise in India?","10","150"],[6,"Q.3) How has asymmetric federalism helped India accommodate its diverse regional needs? Discuss with suitable examples.","10","150"],[8,"Q.4) Explain how terms 'socialist' and 'secular' in the Preamble embody specific meanings in the Indian context.","10","150"],[10,"Q.5) The role of State Finance Commissions in building regional equity and strengthening the federal link has largely been underutilized. Discuss.","10","150"],[12,"Q.7 Outline the salient features of New Education Policy (NEP) 2020 related to school education. What does it state about medium of instruction in schools?","10","150"],[14,"Q.8) Throw light on the legal frameworks that are in place to ensure women's safety in India. What further steps are needed to enhance their safety and well-being?","10","150"],[16,"Q.9 \"A multipolar world order is not merely an option but a necessity\". Elaborate. How can India leverage its position to strengthen multipolarity in the global arena?","10","150"],[18,"Q.10 \"ASEAN is the cornerstone of India's Act East Policy and its Indo-Pacific vision.\" Elucidate.","10","150"],[20,"Q.11) Discuss the various administrative challenges faced by local self-governments (LSGs). What measures do you suggest for devolving administrative powers to LSGs, enabling them to function as institutions of genuine self-government?","15","250"],[23,"Q.12) In light of recent developments, the Collegium system and the Supreme Court's decision to strike down the National Judicial Appointments Commission (NJAC) Act, 2014 have once again come under scrutiny. Do you think that a NJAC-like body can make judicial appointments more transparent, broad-based, and accountable? Justify your answer.","15","250"],[26,"Q.13) Differentiate the pardoning powers of the Presidents of India and the USA. Also, critically examine the vesting of clemency power in the executive.","15","250"],[29,"Q.14 What constitutes corrupt practices under the Representation of the People Act, 1951? Also, discuss the challenges in curbing such malpractices and suggest remedial measures.","15","250"],[32,"Q.15 Discuss the role of the Vice-President as the Chairman of the Rajya Sabha. Also describe the procedure for his/her removal from office.","15","250"],[35,"Q.16 \"Universal Basic Income (UBI) is a viable solution to eradicate extreme poverty in India.\" Critically discuss the statement.","15","250"],[38,"Q.17 What are the key determinants of malnutrition among under-five children in the country? Also, elaborate on the role of nutrition-specific and nutrition-sensitive interventions in addressing this issue.","15","250"],[41,"\"Data is the new Oil\". In this context, discuss the need for transparent and accountable data governance frameworks in India. What steps has the government taken in this regard?","15","15"],[44,"Q.19 Critically examine the role of International Monetary Fund (IMF) in addressing debt distress in the Global South. How can India use its post-G20 presidency momentum to push IMF reforms?","15","250"]]},{"i":593,"t":"Pooja Soni","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":2025,"r":249,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/POOJA-SONI-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-249-Sample-MGP-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1 \"Bhagavad Gita and Natyashastra are not merely texts; they exemplify the timeless wisdom, richness and diversity of Indian knowledge traditions.\" Elaborate.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) The Harappan civilization was a \"technological powerhouse\" that laid the foundation for sophisticated urban living in ancient South Asia. In light of this statement, discuss the key technological breakthroughs and contributions of this Bronze Age culture.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) Why is the First World War considered as the first 'total' war in modern history?","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) Highlight the differences in the approach of Bhagat Singh and Mahatma Gandhi in the struggle for freedom.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) Briefly explain the processes through which the earth-atmosphere system maintains heat balance.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) What characteristics of the monsoon climate play a crucial role in sustaining agriculture in Monsoon Asia?","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) Account for the factors influencing the location of semiconductor industries across the world.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) Unemployment is not just an economic challenge, but a social one with far-reaching consequences. In this context, discuss the social impact of unemployment in the country.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9 Globalization has facilitated the influx of global brands and multinational corporations into the Indian market, significantly altering the consumer behaviour. Do you agree? Justify your answer.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10) Discuss how social media is reshaping identity formation and self-worth among adolescents in contemporary Indian society.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11 The fusion of Islamic architectural styles with indigenous Indian traditions played a key role in the evolution of Indo-Islamic architecture in the country. Discuss with examples.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12 'Emergency' is one of the most controversial and widely debated events in Indian politics. How far do you agree with the view that it was imposed to fulfil individual political goals rather than serve national interests? Also, discuss the short-term and long-term impacts of the Emergency.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13) What are 'atmospheric rivers'? How do they influence global weather patterns and impact human settlements?","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 Despite sharing a similar latitude, why does the Mediterranean climate vary from the China-type climate? How do the differences in climate affect life and economic activities in the region?","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 \"The tropical Indian Ocean is likely to be in a near-permanent heatwave state.\" Discuss the factors responsible for the rapid warming of the Indian Ocean along with its multi-dimensional impacts.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16 How can the demographic transition in the southern states, marked by low fertility rates and an aging population, impact the region's economic growth and social welfare policies?","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 Incidence of extreme rainfall events and flash floods in recent times has led to devastating consequences for major cities of India. Analyse.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 “Air pollution is as much an issue of equity and justice as it is an environmental one.” Elaborate with examples.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 Analyze the socio-cultural factors contributing to the high attrition rate among women in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) careers in India. Suggest measures to improve their retention in STEM.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 \"Caste census is relevant and necessary for any well-designed policy to reduce social inequality\". Comment.","15","250"]]},{"i":595,"t":"Pooja Soni","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":2025,"r":249,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/POOJA-SONI-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-249-Sample-MGP-Copy-3.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) The increasing use of digital surveillance technologies for maintaining law and order is a debatable issue. Critically examine the statement from the ethical point of view.","10","150"],[5,"b) Knowledge and skills are important, but they must be grounded in ethical principles for true success. In this context, discuss the importance of ethics in education and the role of educational institutions in imparting ethical values.","10","150"],[7,"Q.2) a) How does persuasion help achieve a desired change in attitude? What are the elements of an effective persuasive approach?","10","150"],[9,"b) While scientific research drives technological progress and societal development, its funding often raises ethical questions. What ethical concerns arise from corporate sponsorship of scientific research, and how can these be addressed?","10","150"],[11,"Q.3) Given below are three quotations of great thinkers. What do each of these quotations convey to you in the present context?\na) \"Where do the evils like corruption arise from? It comes from the never-ending greed. The fight for corruption-free ethical society will have to be fought against this greed and replace it with 'what can I give' spirit.\" - A.P.J. Abdul Kalam","10","150"],[13,"b) \"The greatest glory in living lies not in never failing, but in rising every time we fail.\" - Nelson Mandela","10","150"],[15,"c) \"Your goodness is an impediment in your way, so let your eyes be red with anger, and try to fight the injustice with a firm hand.\" - Sardar Patel","10","150"],[17,"Q.4) a) What do you understand by the term \"Conflict of Interest\"? How does it manifest in the decision making by public servants? In what ways can it be minimized?","10","150"],[19,"b) \"In post-conflict rehabilitation, the pursuit of justice must be balanced with the need for reconciliation.\" Examine this statement in the context of addressing ethnic violence.","10","150"],[21,"Q.5) a) In the ever-evolving landscape of academic institutions, administrators must not only manage academic issues but also emotional and interpersonal dynamics. In this context, discuss the significance of emotionally intelligent administrators in higher education.","10","150"],[23,"b) \"The recognition of the horrors of nuclear weapons should compel nations to move towards meaningful disarmament. However geopolitical interests continue to hinder genuine progress in this direction. What are the ethical considerations of nuclear states to pursue global disarmament, and how can the international community balance security concerns with the moral imperative of a nuclear-free world?\"","10","150"],[24,"4 What International Community Do:\n1) accept no just use policy by all. offensive use strictly prohibited.\n2) Collective effort to curb terrorism. Zero tolerance towards state sponsored terrorism.\n3) Phased disarmament lead by developed countries like USA, Russia.\n4) Legally binding commitment of disarmament treaty.","",""],[25,"Q.6) a) “Probity in governance is an essential and vital requirement for an efficient and effective system of governance and for socio-economic development.” Discuss the statement with examples.","10","150"],[27,"Q.7) Arushi is a young IPS officer known for her competence, integrity, and relentless dedication to challenging tasks. Recognizing her excellent track record, her superiors have chosen her to handle a sensitive assignment in a tribal-dominated district notorious for illegal bauxite mining. Here, the mafia mines bauxite from mineral-rich lands, transports it by truck, and sells it on the black market. This illegal operation thrives with the support of certain local officials and tribal musclemen who intimidate the local population and bribe select poor tribals to maintain control and silence.\n\nUpon assuming the new role, Arushi quickly grasps the ground realities and identifies the mafia's modus operandi, characterized by a series of devious tactics. Her inquiries reveal that several employees in her office are colluding with the mafia, forming an unholy nexus that enables these illegal operations. Determined to dismantle this network, she initiates strict actions, including raids on trucks transporting illegally mined bauxite. These actions significantly disrupt the mafia's operations, unsettling criminals unaccustomed to such resistance. Some office employees allegedly allied with the mafia inform the criminals of her determination to dismantle their operations, posing a serious threat to their profits. In response, the mafia adopts a counter-offensive strategy. Tribal strongmen and mafia operatives begin issuing direct threats to her, warning of severe consequences if the raids continue. Her family (husband and elderly mother) are stalked and placed under virtual surveillance, causing mental anguish and stress for them all. Matters assume serious propositions when a muscleman appears in her office and threatens that if she does not halt raids, etc., she will suffer the same fate as a predecessor officer who was killed by the mafia a decade earlier.\na) Discuss the ethical issues involved in this case.\nb) Identify and evaluate the different options available to Arushi under the given situation.\nc) Which option would she adopt and why?","20","20"],[32,"Q.8) The Siang Upper Multipurpose Project (SUMP) is proposed on a river in a northeastern state of India, a recognized biodiversity hotspot. Covered in dense forests, this region harbors a rich diversity of flora and fauna, including numerous endemic species. Although sparsely populated, the region's communities have livelihoods and cultural practices deeply intertwined with the natural landscape. Its ecological wealth has been preserved over the years due to its environmental significance and cultural heritage. Additionally, the Upper Siang basin holds immense strategic importance due to its proximity to international borders, offering potential leverage in regional security and resource management.\nThe SUMP aims to harness the river's energy for economic growth, proposing infrastructure that includes an 11,000 MW \"mega dam,\" power stations, and transmission lines that could transform the state into a renewable energy hub. Proponents argue that the project will boost the state's economy through power generation, employment, and enhanced infrastructure while also helping meet the country's clean energy targets.\nHowever, a local NGO has raised concerns about the ecological and social costs of SUMP. The project would require extensive forest clearance, which plays a crucial role in carbon sequestration. Additionally, experts warn that construction activities could disturb the region's delicate ecosystems. This may affect riverine biodiversity and increase the risk of soil erosion and sedimentation, with potential downstream effects on agriculture and water quality. Another major issue raised is the potential displacement and cultural impact on local communities. This could threaten their subsistence-based livelihoods and disrupt their way of life. Critics also highlight that the project may contradict India's commitments to sustainable development.\nDespite these concerns, supporters of the project argue that SUMP's strategic importance and clean energy potential cannot be ignored. Moreover, they emphasize the project's strategic location, which would strengthen energy security, reduce regional inequalities, and contribute to the country's long-term development goals. They argue that amidst rising energy demands, the country cannot afford to forgo such an opportunity, especially given the presence of hydroelectric projects across borders that could shift regional control over water resources.\n(a) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\n(b) In your opinion, which should take priority between development and conservation, and why?","20","250"],[33,"(a) उपयुक्त परिस्थिति में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों का वर्णन कीजिए?\n(b) आपकी राय में विकास और संरक्षण में से किसे प्राथमिकता दी जानी चाहिए और क्यों?","20 अंक","250 शब्द"],[37,"Q.9) Inside a busy city administration office, Joint Municipal Commissioner Keerthi, who also serves as the Public Information Officer (PIO), faces a challenging situation. Recently, an RTI application has been received, demanding details about public infrastructure projects initiated during her tenure. Upon reviewing the requested information, Keerthi discovers that certain decisions made regarding these projects were not entirely sound in hindsight. These decisions, although taken in good faith and after due diligence, failed to realize promised outcomes. There were other employees also who were party to this decision. The disclosure of this information could potentially lead to scrutiny and backlash against herself, the employees, and contractors involved. Known for her integrity and commitment to public service, Keerthi finds herself at a crossroads. The RTI Act has served as a critical check against administrative arbitrariness, ensuring transparency and accountability. However, she also observes a troubling trend. RTI applications are often used by vested interests and activists seeking personal gain rather than genuine public interest. Some activists even resort to threats or extortion tactics, undermining the integrity of the RTI process. She fears the requested RTI information could be similarly exploited. Moreover, the employees involved are requesting her to withhold the information. In navigating this situation, Keerthi weighs her options carefully.\n(a) Critically examine the options available to Keerthi in the above situation.\n(b) Which of the above would be the most appropriate for Keerthi and why?","20","250"],[42,"Q.10 Littering at popular tourist destinations has become a significant environmental and ethical concern in India. A recent incident highlighted this issue when tourists were observed throwing tissue papers and a cake box on the road after celebrating a birthday. When a local politely requested them to use a nearby dustbin just 5 feet away, the tourists dismissed the appeal, claiming no dustbin was available. The situation escalated when their driver threw a plastic bag into the adjacent valley.\n\nPublic reactions to the incident were divided. Some individuals commended the intervention as an effort to promote civic responsibility, emphasizing the need to protect fragile ecosystems like hill stations. Many argued that tourists must adhere to basic environmental ethics and that public spaces are a shared responsibility. Critics also highlighted the broader implications of such irresponsible behavior on the environment and local livelihoods.\n\nOn the other hand, the tourists involved accused those intervening of interfering in their personal affairs, claiming their privacy was being violated. The argument that the tourists were being publicly shamed through the viral video added another layer to the ethical debate. Many questioned whether posting such incidents online, even for a social cause, was appropriate or necessary.\n\nThe debate continues, with one side emphasizing the collective responsibility to preserve public spaces and the environment, while the other raises concerns about individual privacy and autonomy.\n(a) What are the ethical concerns associated with tourists littering at public destinations?\n(b) How can ethical tourism practices be integrated into policies to address issues like littering at tourist destinations?\n(c) Suggest a course of action that balances environmental responsibility and individual rights. Justify your answer.","20","250"],[43,"(a) Ethical concern associated with tourist littering at public destination","",""],[47,"Q.11 You are the Operations Manager at a fast-growing technology startup, NexGen Solutions, known for its innovative projects and timely delivery. The startup's environment is fast-paced, with tight deadlines and high expectations from clients and investors. Your current project, creating a cutting-edge AI based application, is critical for securing upcoming funding and partnerships. Your small, capable team includes four software developers and two project coordinators, with an equal number of men and women.\nRecently, the team has encountered major challenges. Priya, one of the female developers, has requested leave to care for her ailing mother. Meanwhile, another team member, Ayesha, is struggling to manage her workload along with caring for her infant child. As a result, other team members have taken on extra tasks, impacting their work-life balance and causing heightened stress. With the project deadline looming, tensions in the team have become visible. During a crucial project meeting, Karan, a senior developer, voices his frustration, saying, “Perhaps it’s not ideal to have team members who can’t fully commit during critical stages.”\nKaran’s remark triggers an immediate reaction. Neha, a project coordinator, finds his comment offensive and reports it to the Human Resources (HR) Department. She also hints that she might bring the issue to social media, which could harm the startup’s image. The HR Department, located at the company’s headquarters, investigates and recommends disciplinary action against Karan, emphasizing the importance of a respectful, inclusive workplace. Their recommendation puts you in a difficult situation. The project is already delayed, and losing a senior developer like Karan could jeopardize its timely completion.\nYou are now faced with a complex dilemma. On one hand, it’s vital to address the inappropriate comment and ensure a respectful work culture. On the other hand, you must keep the project on track without further demotivating your team.\n(a) Discuss the ethical issues involved in this case.\n(b) As the Operations Manager, how would you deal with the given situation?\n(c) Based on the case study, discuss the challenges faced by women at workplace. How can such challenges be addressed?","20","250"],[48,"(a) ethical Issues Involved in this case\n(1) Keeping healthy work environment without compromising with personal comments, targets\n(2) Respect for women employee and maintain healthy environment.\n(3) HRD recommendation can jeopardise and delay the project\n(4) Team behaviors need a matter of investigation, decided freely and fairly.\n(5) Balancing organization (startup) sustainability need, and benchmark of healthy work environment.","",""]]},{"i":596,"t":"Poorva Agrawal","c":"Forumias","p":"GS1","y":2024,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/POORVA-AGRAWAL-UPSC-2024-Rank-65-MGP-Sample-Copy.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) \"Nalanda is a symbol of India's academic heritage and vibrant cultural exchange\". Elucidate with special references to foreign travelers' accounts.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) The period of Delhi Sultans witnessed the emergence of Indo-Persian culture. Discuss the statement with reference to developments in the fields of literature, art and architecture.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) Give a brief account of the contributions of early nationalists to the Indian freedom struggle.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) The Vaikom Satyagraha marked a historic milestone in India's fight against social injustice, demonstrating the power of non-violent resistance in dismantling oppressive caste barriers. Explain.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) The Oslo Accords, once hailed as a landmark diplomatic achievement, failed to address key issues, highlighting the challenges of achieving lasting peace between Israel and Palestine. Analyse.","10","150"],[13,"6) What are Northern and Southern lights? Explain the phenomenon and discuss their associated impacts on Earth's atmosphere and human activities.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) Identifying the major automobile clusters in India, enumerate the favourable factors for the location of the automobile industry.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) \"India's diversity is her greatest strength.\" In light of the statement, explain how diversity has enriched and strengthened Indian society.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9 Critically examine the effects of globalization on the youth in India.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10 The recognition of LGBTQ rights in India marks significant progress, but the journey towards full societal integration and acceptance remains arduous, necessitating a profound socio-cultural shift. Elaborate.","10","150"],[23,"Q. 1) Throw light upon the importance of seals and sealings in the reconstruction of socio-economic and religious life of the Harappan people. Also, explain why many of the known Harappan settlements are in semi-arid regions.","15","15"],[26,"Q.12 Describe the significance of the Dandi March (1930) as the starting point of the Civil Disobedience Movement. Also, discuss the national and international reactions to the Dandi March and the Salt Satyagraha.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13) Give a reasoned account of the distribution of deserts across the earth with the help of relevant examples.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 Discuss the impact of local winds on their associated regions, citing examples from different parts of the world.","15 marks, 250","15"],[35,"2.15 Rare Earths Elements (REE) are considered as 'Vitamins of Modern Industry'. In this context, bring out the multi-dimensional implications of uneven distribution of REE in the world.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16) Describe the various factors that influence ocean currents and discuss their multi-dimensional impact.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 Briefly explain the process of tide formation and differentiate between tides and waves.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 While social media facilitates unprecedented connectivity and self-expression, it can also widen social crevices and fractures. In this context, examine the impact of social media on Indian society.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 \"The regionalism in India is both a response to the failures in addressing regional aspirations and as an assertion of socio-cultural identity in the face of perceived marginalization.\" Comment.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 Explain how traditional gender roles and responsibilities exacerbate the vulnerability of women to extreme heat conditions. Suggest strategies to mitigate these vulnerabilities.","15","250"]]},{"i":597,"t":"Poorva Agrawal","c":"Nextias","p":"GS3","y":2024,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/4/poorva-agrawal-mains-advanced-course-2024-1745407896762.pdf","q":[[4,"Q1. The rule of law and judicial review are interdependent, as one cannot truly exist without the other. In this context can judicial review be considered the most important aspect among those that constitute the basic structure of the Constitution?","10","150"],[6,"Q2 How does the power and authority of Delhi's lieutenant governor compare to that of the governors of other states, particularly in terms of acting on the aid and advice of the council of ministers?","10","150"],[8,"Q3. Discuss the role of the judiciary in navigating the tension between the right to religion and constitutional morality in India in recent times. Refer to relevant case laws.","10","150"],[10,"Q4 The principle of 'Separation of Powers' is a key feature of the American Constitution. In this context, compare how the Indian Constitution's functional separation of powers distinguishes itself from the US system. What are the advantages of a check and balance system over a rigid Separation of Powers?","10","150"],[12,"Q5 The Sixth Schedule of the Indian Constitution is more than a legal provision that empowers tribal regions with self-rule. How does the sixth schedule foster development while respecting their traditional governance systems and cultural practices?","10","150"],[14,"Q6. How do partnerships between Civil Society Organizations and Government Entities contribute to India's development goals?","10","150"],[16,"Q7 Discuss the importance of cultivating a culture of life-long learning among Indian civil servants. How has Mission Karmyogi contributed to this objective? Illustrate with examples.","10","150"],[18,"Q8 Given India's strides in reducing extreme poverty, should the country consider redefining its poverty line to better reflect the current socio-economic realities? Discuss the potential benefits and challenges associated with redefinition of the poverty line.","10","150"],[20,"Q9 Evaluate the impact of the deepening political divisions with the major Western States on global governance and international cooperation. How should India navigate these divisions to advance its national interests on the global stage?","10","150"],[22,"Q10 How does India's Arctic Policy align with its broader foreign policy objectives? Broadly discuss the collaborations and agreements India is involved in with the Arctic Council.","10","150"],[23,"Collaborations and agreements India is involved in with Arctic Council:-\n1 India is part of observers - invited to the Arctic Council meetings, though without full membership.\n2 Agreement of conservation of the Arctic Marine living resources (AMLR).\n3 Part of Agreement of Arctic seals - for conservation of seals.\n4 Joint R&D through its Arctic station Himadei.\n5 Proposal for collaborative R&D with Russia in Arctic resource potential.","",""],[24,"Q11. In what ways are the terms of reference of the 16th Finance Commission different from that of the previous Finance Commissions? Despite increasingly progressive devolution by subsequent Finance Commissions, examine the factors that propel economic disparities across various States.","15","250"],[27,"1 Compare and contrast the powers and working of the Ethics Committee and the Privileges Committee in addressing cases of 'unethical' conduct and breach of privileges. How do these Committees complement each other in maintaining parliamentary discipline?","15","250"],[30,"Q13 In the context of persistent legislative dysfunction in India, analyze the evolving role of judicial activism in shaping public policy and governance. Using examples from landmark court cases, evaluate the effectiveness of judicial interventions in addressing governance gaps and safeguarding citizens' rights.","15","250"],[33,"1 To what extent does the level of internal democracy within political parties impact the functioning and legitimacy of the Indian party system? What reforms can address the challenges of inadequate intraparty democracy in India?","15","250"],[36,"Q15 \"The NHRC must not only be a watchdog but also a beacon of hope for the marginalized and oppressed.\" In this context discuss the role and mandate of the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) in India. How does the current composition and functioning of the NHRC affect its independence and effectiveness?","15","250"],[39,"16 The persistent health equity challenges in India pose a critical barrier in achieving Universal Health Coverage. In this context discuss the role of the public and private sectors in ensuring adequate health access and outcomes across rural and urban areas.","15","250"],[43,"2/8 What are the implications of the POCSO Act on the rights and welfare of children in India? Analyze the role of the POCSO Act in transforming India's legal framework for child protection.","15","250"],[46,"Q19 Examine the influence of human rights issues and democratic values on the diplomatic relationship between the U.S. and India. How have these concerns affected bilateral engagements and what can be done to mitigate tensions arising from these issues?","15","250"],[48,"6 Strengthen AOKUS & lower the potential of QUAD in countering China.","",""],[49,"Q.10 Examine the geopolitical challenges India faces in South Asia despite its global rise. How can India navigate these challenges to strengthen its regional leadership?","15","250"]]},{"i":1012,"t":"Prajit Nair","c":"Lukmaan","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1u81oNUU1Hrr-qev0xM8ovqLSDkrUfiNt/view","q":[[2,"1. (a) It appears that there is \"alarming drop in integrity levels\" among civil service officers, especially in the higher echelon as reported in recent times. It shows that law as deterrence, Supreme Court's judgements and naming and shaming are not very effective. Discuss its causes and consequences on citizen and administration. What innovative measures will be taken to tackle such officers?","10","150"],[4,"1. (b) Differentiate between the following\ni. Ethical competence and professional competence\nii. Ethical management and ethical leadership\niii. Ethical dilemma and crisis of conscience","10","150"],[6,"3. (b) \"Life will be simpler and much more enjoyable if we were all self conscious of our moral responsibility as self-imposed morality is much better than state-imposed laws in every sense\".","10","150"],[9,"4. (b) Ethics in Public administration in twenty-first century is likely to be different from that of the twentieth century. Explain the reasons for such changes and also discuss some prominent new values of twenty-first century which are different from twentieth century.","10","150"],[12,"5. Discuss the following views on the relationship between corruption and salary of civil servants:\n(a) How does low or high salary affects the conduct of civil servants?\n(b) Low salary in public agencies are among important reasons for high level of corruption.","10","150"],[14,"6. Discuss the relationship between accountability and responsibility. Can we say a responsible government is ethical government? Explain.","10","150"],[15,"7. Discuss the relationship between ethics and integrity. Can we consider discrimination and sexual harassment; indecent treatment of colleagues or citizens as loss of integrity? Explain with reasons.","10","150"],[17,"8. Discuss the following terms which are based on popular presumptions and perceptions in civil services\n(a) One can be either 'corrupt and efficient' or 'honest and inefficient'.\n(b) Democratic ethos and bureaucratic ethos are at loggerhead.\n(c) The doctrine of committed bureaucracy undermines the concept of neutrality.","10","150"],[20,"9. One of the states in India has experienced violent protest by a dominant caste in which there are also reports of gang-rape of women belonging to lower castes that are poor and have not been part of the protest. Even if military has been called still violence has not been controlled although abated. There are rumours that the state government issued order to administration not to take action against protesters as the government was working at political level to find out solution to their demands. The women and their community are feeling horrified and terrified by the incident and they are not speaking up even if the state administration and civil society have appealed to them to come out and file their complaints and their identity will not be disclosed. Such behaviour by them has resulted into some sections in society to question the validity of the incident and media reports. This is increasingly creating a cloud over the incident and the community is fearful of its safety.\n(a) Suppose you are the DM of one such district where the incident has been reported then what steps will be taken by you to imbibe trust in women and families so that they can come forward report to police?\n(b) Are there other ways to enquire about the incident whether it has happened or not? Explain.\n(c) Discuss the role of district police in ensuring safety to the community.","20","250"],[25,"10. Mr. A is a senior public servant who has worked in two State public service departments over a twenty-year period. In the course of performing his duties, involving primarily monetary and budgeting issues, Mr. A becomes aware that public revenue is being used inappropriately. While he is not directly responsible for this aspect of the budget, he raised his concerns about the channelling of funds from one part of the budget to another to Mr. B, the Head of Division. Mr. A learns that not only is Mr. B aware of this practice, but also that he condones it. Not long after, Mr. A is summoned to talk to Mr. B and to the Director-General about the issue. Due to the politically sensitive nature of the issue, Mr. A is told that the matter is not within his jurisdiction and therefore he should ‘keep his nose out of it’. This advice is based on the fact that the incumbent government will not tolerate questions about how it puts its budget together but that it also faces electoral defeat if the matter were to be made ‘public’. After much soul searching, Mr. A decides to obey his supervisors by leaving the matter alone.\n(a) Discuss the possible reasons behind Mr. A decision.\n(b) Suppose you were Mr. A then what possible options you could have taken? Discuss their merits and demerits and suggest the best course of action, giving reasons.","20","250"],[30,"(a) As the head of the Department how you will explain the behaviour of the officials?\n(b) Except the two options which are given below, what other options are available for you to address the issues of case study. Evaluate their merits and demerits and choose the best option, giving reasons.\n(a) As the head of the Department how you will explain the behaviour of the officials?\n(b) Except the two options which are given below, what other options are available for you to address the issues of case study. Evaluate their merits and demerits and choose the best option, giving reasons.\n(i) Set up a citizen grievance redressal cell in the office.\n(ii) Install CCTV in the office and fix a limit on how many applications can be accepted.","20","250"],[35,"12 Water crisis is emerging a new threat for survival of human and peace and harmony in society. Many Indian cities are also facing scarcity of water and one such is Jabalpur which is located in the heart of Madhya Pradesh and lies 15 kilometres from river Narmada. Narmada, rain, groundwater and two reservoirs are the four major sources of water for Jabalpur. Once known as the city of lakes, the water bodies have today lost their lust and it is experiencing an imminent water crisis. Water shortage leads to long queues and street squabbles with people's patience running out. Concrete buildings and waste material, sports and business complexes are being planned in place of the retreating water bodies, without a passing thought to the consequences on environment such as drying of lakes. Scarcity of water has led to the digging of tubewells in every plot of the newly-constructed colonies which has worse effect on groundwater and consequently has further aggravated the problem with the fall of the watertable. Earlier most of the rain that fell recharged groundwater aquifers because of dense green cover which, acted as a barrier for surface runoff. Now, with substantial removal. Unfortunately, there is no official policy to respond to the crisis.\n(a) As a Municipal commissioner of the Jabalpur discuss the feasible solution for reviving lakes, reservoirs and solving the problem of scarcity of water at the same time ensuring the normal life of people should come under so much disruption.\n(b) There can be some possible negative consequences of your solutions. Discuss strategies to overcome them?","20","200"],[40,"13. Suppose the state government has posted you as DM effective handling of the issues then\n(a) Indentify the major flaws in handling of the above case by the district administration.\n(b) Discuss you strategies to instil confidence among local officials so that the programme can be resumed with the same enthusiasm.\n(c) Suppose you were in place of the outgoing DM then what could have been your correct responses when the scam was exposed which might have averted the pitfalls?","25","250"],[41,"14 P worked as an Assistant with a state government run Corporation. She was reporting to M, who was working as an Officer. During the course of work, M used vulgar language and tried to develop proximity with P. At that time, P openly expressed to M she did not appreciate his behaviour. This resulted in M giving more work to P and making her wait in his cabin for prolonged periods. Since the hostile work atmosphere became unbearable for P, she verbally complained to her seniors.\nNothing happened for months. Since M threatened to spoil confidential record of P and destroy her career by falsely entangling her in corruption charges, P complained in writing. CEO of the Corporation handed complaint to the HOD of the department. The written complaint resulted into appointment of an officer to inquire into the complaint which concluded that P's complaint was false and recommended her transfer. As a result, P was transferred to other office.\nP approached a union leader and an NGO for help. At that time P was not aware about the existence of the Vishakha guidelines and the Law on sexual harassment enacted in 2013. Due to their help the administration formed a complaints committee although it didn't adhere the members' criteria of Vishakha guidelines. Though P produced witnesses, committee concluded it could not be said conclusively that P was harassed by M. In addition the committee commented negatively on the nature and work performance of P. The Corporation closed the case after giving warning to M and transferred him to rural posting on promotion.\na) What will be your reaction after reading the above case study?\nb) Analyse the ethical issues in handling of P grievances.\nc) Suppose you are the secretary of the department which has jurisdiction over the corporation and P sends details of her grievances then what are the options available to you? Evaluate them and choose the best option, giving reasons.","25","250"]]},{"i":598,"t":"Prajnanandan Giri","c":"Nextias","p":"GS1","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/424035678350725400_PDF_ORIGINAL.pdf","q":[[5,"1. There is a need to resolve the ambiguity in the disqualification provisions under section 8 of the Representation of People Act 1951. Discuss.","",""],[7,"2. Constitution is a mere skeleton whereas constitutionalism is the soul of democracy. Discuss.","",""],[9,"3. \"Electoral bonds are a double-edged sword, providing anonymity to donors while raising concerns about transparency in political funding.\" To what extent have electoral bonds further legitimized opacity in electoral funding ?","",""],[11,"4. The question of gender equality is central to the debate on Uniform Civil Code. In this light what are the challenges in reconciling UCC with gender equality as enshrined in the constitution.?","",""],[13,"5. The Governor's office is neither decorative nor inconsequential, it assumes a constitutional role of profound essence. To what extent does the Governor actively contribute to the governance of a state and reinforce the principles of federalism in the country ?","",""],[15,"6. Recently demand has been rising in a state regarding the enactment of Social Accountability law. How such a law can lead to good governance and boost citizens' participation in decision-making. Comment.","",""],[16,"7. There is a need for convergence of 'nutrition-specific' and 'nutrition-sensitive' interventions to effectively tackle child undernutrition in India. Examine.","",""],[18,"8. \"MGNREGA, the lynchpin of rural poverty alleviation, has become the victim of fiscal apathy.\" Critically analyze the statement in light of recent developments.","",""],[20,"9. \"India must leverage, if not manage, the global divides.\" How can the current geopolitical churn pave the way for India's rise to the global high table ?","",""],[22,"10. \"Berlin can be India's gateway to the European Union.\" Elaborate with respect to Germany's significance in India's relationship with the EU.","",""],[24,"11. How has the Anti-Defection Law impacted the relationship between political parties and individual legislators in India? In light of the recent incidents also discuss the unintended consequences it has on the functioning of a democracy in India.","",""],[27,"12. Critics assert that limitless judicial authority rests on the structural ambiguity of the basic structure doctrine. Has the elastic nature of the basic structure doctrine made the judiciary more powerful than the executive?","",""],[30,"13. Fundamental rights are not gifts bestowed upon by the state rather an individual possesses them independently of the state. In this context discuss the desirability of reasonable restrictions on various fundamental rights.","",""],[33,"14. S.R. Bommai v. Union of India signified a paradigm shift in the judicial interpretation of the union's authority to assume control of a state's administration. In this context discuss the significance and impact of the judgement on cementing the federal structure.","",""],[36,"15. The key to effective decentralization, according to is 'Political decentralization should follow finance and functional decentralization.' Discuss in the context of impediments faced by local governance in India.","",""],[39,"16. Multi-stakeholder partnerships are the key to leveraging collective expertise and networks. How can effective partnership and localized implementation efforts be fostered to accelerate the achievement of sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in India ?","",""],[42,"17. How has the implementation of the POSH Act resulted in limited success in raising awareness about sexual harassment, and what factors have hindered its effective outreach to women employed in the unorganized sector? Propose strategies to bridge this gap and ensure comprehensive protection for women in the unorganized sector against workplace harassment.","",""],[43,"3. Factors that have hindered its outreach to women in unorganised sector\n1. Limitation of the law to organised sectors\n2. Women in unorganised sectors comes from poorer section → lacks financial capability to fight a case\n3. Stereotype associated with sexual violence → prefers silence\n4. Limited role of Government to spread the law to unorganised sector.\n5. Limited access to education","",""],[45,"18. Neo-liberal reforms and globalization have deeply transformed the institutions of the welfare state and set the ground for a new type of civil services. In this context examine the challenges faced in service delivery and suggest adequate reforms.","",""],[48,"19. China views India as its \"Asian Rival\" with an innate ability to counter its hegemonistic goals in Asia. Despite these difficulties in India-China relations, there are also many areas of convergence. Discuss.","",""],[51,"20. Indo-Pacific region in recent times has emerged as a zone of diverging interests and priorities. Discuss. Do you think the Global Security Initiative will supersede QUAD in the region?","",""]]},{"i":599,"t":"Prajnanandan Giri","c":"Nextias","p":"GS1","y":null,"r":24,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/93393beb2b7e996905ce7ea7f8b78443/105/air-24-prajnanandan-giri_test-1_gs1.pdf","q":[[4,"1. The fabric of Indian philosophical thought owes as much to Northern India as to Southern India. Elucidate.","",""],[6,"2. The Indian society's impulse for social change and reform was a response to its opposition to colonial rule. Examine.","",""],[8,"3. What are the factors that led to the Russian revolution and what are the consequences of this revolution? Discuss its influence on the Indian national movement.","",""],[10,"4. Discuss the various factors responsible for the uneven temperature distribution on Earth's surface.","",""],[12,"5. The melting of glaciers due to climate change has serious implications for the ecosystem and human society. Discuss the effects of melting glaciers on the environment and the measures that can be taken to address this issue.","",""],[14,"6. The white revolution was most successful in the Western part of India. Discuss the factors for this regional success of the White Revolution.","",""],[16,"7. To what extent does seismic investigation contribute to our understanding of the Earth's interior structure? Analyze its significance in detail.","",""],[18,"8. The pace of demographic transition varies across different states of India making population growth a double-edged sword. Comment.","",""],[20,"9. The ethnic and cultural diversity in India has always been bound by the thread of unity. Discuss the major factors that have contributed the cultural unity of India.","",""],[22,"10. The dichotomy in public and private life in Indian society acts as a major barrier to the annihilation of caste. Justify.","",""],[23,"11. India was forced into numerous wars post independence. Highlight the causes and impact of the Indo-Pak and Indo-China wars on our bilateral relationships.","",""],[26,"12. The process of consolidation of Bengal, which started after the Battle of Plassey culminated in the Battle of Buxar. Do you think the Battle of Buxar was more important for the British than Plassey ?","",""],[29,"13. Sanskrit literature in general and particularly in the Guptan age set a high watermark for the literary history of ancient India. Discuss.","",""],[32,"14. The configuration of the ocean floor provides essential information about the geological processes that have shaped the Earth's surface. Discuss the major features of the ocean floor and their significance in the study of oceanography.","",""],[35,"15. With the growing demand for rare earth elements, their distribution has become a critical aspect of the global economy. Discuss the distribution of rare earth elements across the world, their uses, and the environmental impact of their extraction.","",""],[38,"16. Tourism in the hilly states is threatening to exceed the ecological carrying capacity of the region. Analyze the factors contributing to this trend and evaluate the potential Environmental impacts of this phenomenon. What measures can be taken to ensure sustainable tourism in these states?","",""],[41,"17. The Indian monsoon is a complex phenomenon influenced by various climatic factors. Critically examine the role of oceanic and atmospheric factors in determining the intensity and distribution of monsoon rainfall in India.","",""],[44,"18. Why do traditions in our society impede change? To what extent can social legislation be instrumental against old customary practices?","",""],[47,"19. Slums are not 'problems' that have to be 'solved', but are indeed a result of lopsided and vested urban policies covering Infrastructure Provision and socio-economic issues. Analyse.","",""],[50,"20. Communalism gains strength from economic deprivation, and thrives in environments of social exclusion, creating fertile ground for discontent and division. Comment.","",""]]},{"i":601,"t":"Prastuti Upadhaya","c":"Nextias","p":"Essay","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/4/prastuti-essay-test-1-1745488753930.pdf","q":[[6,"Q.4 The ultimate measure of a man is not where he stands in moments of comfort and convenience, but where he stands at times of challenge and controversy.","",""],[10,"HOW CHALLENGE AND CONTROVERSY REVEALS A MAN'S TRUE MEASURE","",""],[18,"Q.5 Civilization begins with order, grows with liberty, and dies with chaos.","",""]]},{"i":602,"t":"Prastuti Upadhaya","c":"Nextias","p":"Essay","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/4/prastuti-essay-test-2-1745488781476.pdf","q":[[6,"Q.1 The function of education is to teach one to think intensively and to think critically.","",""],[11,"HOW COOPERATION IS THE TENET OF CIVILIZATION","",""],[18,"Q.5 Not everything that is faced can be changed, but nothing can be changed until it is faced.\nQ.6 The road to success and the road to failure are almost exactly the same.\nQ.7 To be or not to be, that is the question.\nQ.8 Wisdom is to live in tune with the mode of the changing world.","",""],[20,"WHAT IS CHANGE? IS IT ALWAYS GOOD?","",""],[23,"WHY LIVING IN TUNE WITH THE MODE OF THE CHANGING WORLD IS TRUE WISDOM","",""]]},{"i":600,"t":"Prastuti Upadhaya","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2024,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/PRASTUTI-UPADHAYA-UPSC-2024-Rank-84-MGP-Sample-Copy.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) The Indian Constitution does not embody a strict separation of powers rather it introduces a system of checks and balances, with overlapping functions and interdependencies among the legislature, executive, and judiciary. Elaborate.","10","150"],[5,"2) Recently, the Supreme Court has expanded the scope of Articles 14 and 21 to include the \"right against the adverse effects of climate change\". In this context, citing relevant case laws, discuss the role played by Indian judiciary in 'constitutionalization' of environmental issues.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) The Speaker's inclination to cater to party loyalties often undermines the dignity and impartiality of the office, eroding public trust in the legislative process. Analyse with the help of recent examples.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) Assess the effectiveness of SEBI in fulfilling its envisaged role of regulating the securities market, ensuring transparency, and protecting investors' interests.","10","150"],[11,"2.5 The foundational strength of the Indian Constitution stems from its ability to integrate diverse socio-political perspectives. Elucidate.","10","150"],[13,"6) Parliamentary committees serve as vital tools for legislative oversight, ensuring accountability and transparency in governance processes. In light of the statement, examine the role of the Public Accounts Committee in establishing financial accountability of the executive.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7 Without addressing the issues that hinder the full and effective participation of persons with disabilities in political and public life, the goal of achieving inclusiveness and their empowerment will remain unattainable. Analyze.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) What roles do community-based interventions play in enhancing access to preventive and promotive healthcare services in India?","10","150"],[19,"Q.9) The current composition of the UNSC, with under-representation and un-representation of key regions is detrimental to its legitimacy and effectiveness, underscoring the urgent need for reforms. Elaborate. Also, present a case for India's permanent membership in the UNSC.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10 \"The ongoing internal crisis in Myanmar is impeding India's Act East Policy.\" In light of the statement, discuss the measures taken by India to deal with the crisis and associated challenges.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11 \"The Basic Structure Doctrine, lauded for safeguarding the core principles of the Constitution against majoritarian impulses, is also criticized for enabling judicial overreach and disturbing the balance of power as envisioned by the Constitution.\" Elaborate.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12) Enumerate the salient features of Representation of People's Act, 1951. In your opinion, what amendments are needed in the Act to further the cause of free and fair elections in light of contemporary challenges.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 The cooperative nature of Indian federalism is being increasingly challenged by emerging differences in Centre-State relations. Discuss. What steps can be taken to strengthen the cooperative spirit of Indian federalism?","15","250"],[32,"Q.14) Parliamentary privileges are fundamental for lawmakers to discharge their duties without undue influence. However, ensuring the responsible exercise of these privileges is crucial for fostering public trust and ensuring the accountability of public institutions. Analyse.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 The Constitution of India provides several rights that empower the individual, yet it balances these freedoms with reasonable restrictions in the larger public interest. Discuss how constitutional restrictions on fundamental rights strike a fine balance between individual interests and societal interests. Also, mention the principles that are considered in evaluating the reasonableness of restrictions with reference case laws.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16) Self-Help Groups (SHGs) can play a crucial role in alleviating rural poverty by providing women with access to microfinance, enabling them to start small businesses and improve their livelihoods. Examine.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 Despite the implementation of numerous policies and schemes aimed at combating hunger and malnutrition in the country, their effectiveness remains limited. Analyse.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18) The true test of good governance is the degree to which it ensures accountability towards citizens and delivers on the promise of sustainable and inclusive human development. Discuss in the context of challenges to good governance in India.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 As the principal judicial organ of the United Nations, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) provides a judicial mechanism for the peaceful resolution of international disputes. In this context, throw light on the structure and mandate of ICJ. Also, highlight the challenges it faces in fulfilling its mandate.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20) Geopolitical shifts pose challenges to India-Russia relations, yet the relationship remains robust, driven by deep-rooted trust and a shared commitment to sustain a multifaceted strategic partnership. Analyse.","15","250"]]},{"i":603,"t":"Prateek Joshi","c":"Forumias","p":"GS1","y":2025,"r":196,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/PRATEEK-JOSHI-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-196-Sample-MGP-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) How does the study of numismatics contribute to the unraveling of India's history? Explain with suitable examples.","10","150"],[4,"Q.8) Even after seven decades of independence, the colonial mindset continues to cast its shadow on Indian society. Examine.","10","150"],[5,"Q.16) Although poor air quality is a perennial problem, it gets intensified during the winter months in Delhi-NCR. Explain. Evaluate the efficacy of existing measures to control air pollution.","15","250"],[11,"Q3 The colonial zeal of Britishers pushed them towards educational reforms in Indian society in the form of different policies.","",""],[13,"Q4 The end of second world war created such an impractical policy order by Imperial powers that led to modern Arab-Israeli conflict.","",""],[15,"Q5 With a coastline of around 7500 kms, Indian coasts possess myriad of geographical landforms & socio-cultural identities\n Difference between eastern & Western coasts in geographical characteristics","",""],[37,"Q15 Earthquakes refers to seismic tremors that occur along a fault zone.","",""],[40,"Q16 The winter months' poor air quality, every year converts Delhi-NCR region into a \"smoke chamber\".\n Reason for intensification during winter","",""],[43,"Q17 India is the 2nd largest consumer of coal globally, marking its importance in Indian Economy.\n Reason for heavy reliance","",""],[46,"Q18 The shift of society from collective orientation to individual orientation is leading to changes in family & marriage in contemporary times.","",""]]},{"i":604,"t":"Prateek Joshi","c":"Forumias","p":"GS1","y":2025,"r":196,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/PRATEEK-JOSHI-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-196-Sample-MGP-Copy-2.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) The Hoysala period saw the development of a distinctive style of temple architecture renowned for its intricacy and artistic brilliance. Elaborate.","10","150"],[4,"Q.8 What do you understand by the Meiji restoration? Discuss its impact on Japan and the world.","10","150"],[5,"Q.16 The 'paper partition' of Africa and its prolonged journey to decolonization stand in contrast to colonial experiences elsewhere. Analyse.","15","250"],[6,"Q1 Hoysalas grew as a kingdom in 12th & 13th in the Karnataka region & gained prominence for their intricate art, architecture and cultural progress","",""],[10,"Q3 The culturally vibrant North-east region played an active role in Independence movement.","",""],[35,"Q14 Revolutionaries were the unsung heroes of Indian National Movement parallel to moderates & extremists, who primarily relied on collective armed mobilization as an antidote to British Colonialism.","",""],[38,"Q15 Indian National Movement was unique in a way as it was not anti-colonial movement but it was a pro-democracy & pro-reform movement also.","",""]]},{"i":605,"t":"Prateek Joshi","c":"Forumias","p":"GS3","y":2025,"r":196,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/PRATEEK-JOSHI-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-196-Sample-MGP-Copy-3.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) Achieving inclusive growth requires a multidimensional approach that goes beyond economic growth. Discuss in context of India.","10","150"],[4,"Q.8 Define Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and mention its various stages. Also, highlight the significance of EIA in balancing developmental needs with environmental conservation in the country.","10","150"],[5,"Q.15 Discuss the contribution of livestock sector to the rural economy and the empowerment of women. Also, highlight main challenges faced by the livestock sector in the country and suggest strategies to overcome these challenges.","15","250"],[8,"Q2 Gig workforce refers to a employment type where labour is paid 'per gig' or 'per unit' of work achieved (NITI Aayog)\n Implications of Expansion of Gig workforce","",""],[21,"EIA's significance in balancing developmental needs with env. conservation","",""]]},{"i":606,"t":"Prateek Joshi","c":"Forumias","p":"GS3","y":2025,"r":196,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/PRATEEK-JOSHI-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-196-Sample-MGP-Copy-4.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) How far do you agree that a robust domestic demand is the most important driver of India's economic growth? What are other factors that influence the growth trajectory of the country?","10","150"],[4,"Q.6 With recent advances in technology, robots are now equipped to perform more than just conventional and routine tasks, which brings new opportunities as well as risks. In this context, evaluate the future potential of the robotics sector.","10","150"],[5,"Q.12 Discuss the significance of Multimodal Transport System in achieving last mile connectivity, improving logistics efficiency, and addressing the twin problems of pollution and congestion. What measures can be taken to ensure efficient multimodal transport connectivity in India?","15","250"],[6,"Q.18 The invisible nature of groundwater is a major obstacle in the path towards achieving the twin objectives of building climate resilience and meeting the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Elucidate.","15","250"],[10,"5 Whether motive is to create sectoral monopolies or to fuse in technology transfers.","",""],[30,"Q12 Multimodal Transport systems refer to integrating different transport modes with production systems so as to ensure secure & consistent logistical Network.","",""],[42,"Q6 Difference between 5G & its predecessor\n1) High data transfer rates.\n2) Low latency which allows real-time communication possible.\n3) Interoperability across devices leading to IoT systems.\n4) Use MIMO radio antenna technology to improve network antenna.","",""],[48,"Q18 India is largest extractor of groundwater in world (25% of global extraction).","",""],[51,"Q19 The recent Kuki-Meitei conflict in Manipur, has being back North-East into blackhole of insurgency.","",""],[54,"Q20 The recent terrorist attacks in J&K reflect limitations of developmental initiatives in rooting out militancy.","",""]]},{"i":1013,"t":"Pratibha","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/183ilsyeqbqBQkvWL_XuYF3_iUF3urggC/view","q":[[3,"1. (a) Self doubt can both help and hinder leadership. Discuss with examples.","10","not more than 150"],[5,"1. (b) Bring out the significance of probity in public life. What are the requisites for ensuring probity in governance? Pointing out the key concerns in India in this context, suggest certain remedial measures.","10",""],[7,"2. (a) While the corrupt and dishonest should be punished swiftly, honest public servants need to be protected against malicious and motivated complaints to enhance efficiency and effectiveness of an organisation. Discuss. How can the two objectives be reconciled?","10",""],[9,"2. (b) The effective implementation of the Right to Information Act will create an environment of vigilance which will help in functioning of a more participatory democracy. Elaborate.","10",""],[11,"3. (a) The bureaucracy technically has been an efficient form of organisation but is seen to have exceeded its administrative powers due to its tendency towards self aggrandisement, permanence in employment, and nearness to the political executive. Discuss.","10",""],[13,"3. (b) Social media has played a key role in influencing political opinions and social attitudes in India. Comment.","10",""],[15,"4. (a) \"Nonviolence is not servile passivity but a powerful moral force which makes for social transformation\". Comment.","10",""],[17,"4. (b) It is at the interface of public action and private interest that the need arises for establishing not just a code of ethics but a code of conduct. In this context, highlight the need for drafting a code of ethics as well as a code of conduct.","10",""],[19,"5. (a) Income inequality is a matter of grave concern for the Indian society. In this context, examine the relevance of Gandhiji's concepts of 'Sarvodaya' and 'Trusteeship'.","10",""],[21,"5. (b) It does not take long for conflict to turn violent when deep seeded prejudices and discriminatory attitudes are not addressed. Discuss in the context of communal and caste-based violence in India. What role should the state play in this context?","10",""],[23,"6. Explain with examples how emotional intelligence increases the effectiveness of leadership skills in a civil servant.","10",""],[25,"7. A Citizens' Charter sees public services through the eyes of those who use them. In this context, analyze the importance of citizen charter in making public services citizen centric.","10",""],[27,"8. Given the effects that cultural attitudes about menstruation have on women, there is need to follow a strategic approach in combating these. Discuss.","10",""],[29,"9. As the District Magistrate you are posted in a district that had been infamous for girl-child marriages. The government introduced a contributory scheme two decades ago, where the government contributed the same amount as the parents, into an account, for their girl child of age 0 to 7 years. The total sum could be withdrawn only when the girl turns eighteen and is unmarried. Due to this scheme, a new pattern has emerged. All girls are married as soon as they turn eighteen and incidents of dowry have increased substantially – because the community customs require paying the sum commensurate to the age of the girl. Further, parents now tend to save money for the scheme instead of investing in girl's education. As the local administration tries to tackle the current situation it looks up to you for ideas and leadership:\n(a) Identify the factors which have led to such outcomes.\n(b) Devise a strategy, keeping in mind the multiple aspects of the situation.","20","in around 250"],[34,"10. While on the one hand, some state governments have implemented alcohol consumption prohibition laws, it is permitted in other states. Debates around this issue often involves aspects such as individual rights, cultural attitudes and social welfare. As a teacher you need to explain the key issues involved to a young audience. What are these? How would you conclude the lecture?","20",""],[39,"11. As a concerned citizen you have been engaged with the issue of persons employed in manual scavenging. You notice that despite laws and strictures from the highest court of the land the practice of employing human labour to clean sewers continues. While the administration has to ensure the cleanliness of the urban localities, those who are employed also have to earn to sustain themselves and their families. The death of few workers recently due to asphyxiation while cleaning a septic tank has caused much consternation in your locality. You would like to engage with the situation by writing to the administration, for which you need to find an answer to the following:\n(a) Identify the stakeholders involved and state their conflicting interests.\n(b) What challenges does the administration face in curbing this social evil?\n(c) Enumerate the steps to deal with the problem.","20",""],[44,"12. You are a teacher in the Science department of a reputed college. Your HoD (Head of Department) has been a good mentor to you and has guided your career progress. You get to know from one of your students that the HoD gives private tuitions at his residence, which is disliked by many others in the department. There are also rumours that he might be giving extra marks to the students taking his tuitions. When enquired, his reply is that he is not alone and a few other teachers are giving private tuitions as well. He assures you that it is beneficial for the students as some of them need extra attention. He advises you not to make a fuss about it and indirectly reminds you about the assessment rating, which is due this week. You are aware that a good rating will definitely get you the due promotion. The HoD is due to retire in 4 months.\n(a) What are the dilemmas that you face in this situation?\n(b) Highlight the course of action that you would adopt and give reasons for the same.","20",""],[49,"13. While stampedes and mishaps due to overcrowding have led to loss of lives on multiple occasions, it remains an issue discussed only when there is a tragedy. Recently you were assigned the responsibility of conducting a mela around a revered religious place, which attracts millions of devotees. Every year the numbers have been increasing and this year due to certain celestial alignments the crowd is expected to be unprecedented. In the previous year the officer in charge was criticised and transferred over allegations of hurting religious sensitivities by restricting access to the religious place. You have three months to prepare for the mela.\n(a) Identify the key areas you would focus on?\n(b) What are the challenges that you foresee?\n(c) How do you propose to overcome them?","20",""],[54,"14. You are a senior official at a government agency that is responsible for collection, storage and protection of biometric data of citizens. Due to the expanse of operations, the agency employs third parties for collection of data. There have been reports of security breach and leakage of data by third parties in exchange of money. A journalist from a prominent newspaper carries a sting operation and releases some data in the public to show the ongoing corruption and highlighting the inability of the agency in protecting public data. You are asked by the chairperson of the agency to file an FIR against the journalist and pursue criminal proceedings against him considering it an act of unauthorized access.\n(a) Do you agree with the action sought by the chairperson against the journalist? Give appropriate reasons for your answer.\n(b) If you disagree, what would be your course of action?\n(c) Do you think the action of the journalist is justified?","20",""]]},{"i":1014,"t":"Pratibha V","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1M97WjDu3Y9pgdsTgOMmA0-3tlaMp7CWh/view","q":[[3,"1. (a) Explain the significance of the following in the context of civil service:\n(i) Public trust\n(ii) Objectivity\n(iii) Strength of character\n(iv) Empathy\n(v) Selflessness","10","not more than 150 words each"],[5,"1. (b) Do you think nation states owe a responsibility towards asylum seekers? What are the considerations that should, in your opinion, go into the making of a refugee policy? Provide arguments with contemporary examples.","10",""],[7,"2. (a) Why do civil servants have a special obligation to uphold ethical standards? What are the main areas of concerns for implementation of an effective ethical standard in civil services? In this context, suggest measures to remedy these concerns.","10",""],[9,"2. (b) While families are the first socializing agents, which inculcate moral values in a child, the role played by schools in this regard is also indispensable. Discuss.","10",""],[11,"3. (a) What is the significance of morality in day-to-day life? Give an example from your own life where you chose moral action and elaborate the reasons for your choice of that action.","10",""],[13,"3. (b) Analyse the ethical dimensions of using nuclear deterrence as a self-defense strategy.","10",""],[14,"2 Have vs. Have nots","",""],[15,"4. (a) We make a living by what we do, but we make a life by what we give. 10\n(i) Highlight the importance of value of altruism for a society.\n(ii) Discuss the role of education in imparting such values.","10",""],[17,"4. (b) Giving examples, examine the relationship between personal and professional ethics of civil servants.","10",""],[19,"5. Given below are two quotations of moral thinkers/ philosophers. For each of these, bring out what it means to you in the present context.\n(a) If people scrutinize their own faults as they do the faults of others, mankind will be freed of all evil.","10",""],[21,"5. (b) Courage is the first of human qualities because it's the quality that guarantees the others.","10",""],[23,"6. How do law and conscience act as source of ethical guidance? Explain with examples.","10",""],[25,"7. Differentiate between the following using examples:\n(i) Wants and Needs\n(ii) Ethics and Etiquette","10",""],[27,"8. Good corporate governance is not an end in itself. It is a means to support economic efficiency, sustainable growth and financial stability. Discuss.","10",""],[29,"9. A hilly state witnessed torrential rains leading to loss of life and property. Apart from the local inhabitants there were tourists stranded in large numbers. With the supply chains broken and increased demand, it was observed that local shopkeepers started selling essential goods at very high prices. With a very restricted possibility of being evacuated in the coming few days, the stranded people feel helpless. A crumbled governance infrastructure in remote areas has multiplied the extent of their agony. Given this situation, answer the following questions.\n(a) Identify the various stakeholders in the case and give a reasoned account of their interests. Given the administrative, market and ethical perspective of viewing the situation, do you think there is a conflict in the priorities of these stakeholders?\n(b) Suggest ways to harmonize competing interests in order to resolve the issues, provide relief and prevent escalation of conflict.","20","in around 250"],[35,"10. The steady decline in sex ratio suggests that marked improvement in the economy and literacy rates do not seem to have had any impact on this index. In fact, the availability of new technology and its easy access for the urban, wealthy and educated have worsened the trend and harmed the status of women in Indian society.\n(a) Explain why the phenomenon should not be simply viewed as a medical or legal issue and more attention should be given to the ethical issues involved.\n(b) Give some suggestions to tackle the problem of declining sex ratio.\n(c) Discuss the ethical dilemma involved in Right to abortion vs. Prevention of female foeticide. How can this be resolved?","20",""],[41,"11. You are the officer-in-charge responsible for monitoring allotment of foodgrains under the Public Distribution System to BPL families in a given district. A group of BPL families in the district claim that they have been denied ration from fair price shops due to non-linking of Aadhar card with their BPL cards. They remark that the government and officers concerned are not empathising with their situation and stage a silent protest. Further, the incident is also being linked to similar instances in other areas of the country where people were denied access to PDS benefits due to similar reasons. The government receives a lot of criticism for this incident on social media networks. You are now in a conundrum, as you are aware that the BPL families need to get foodgrains on time. However, as a government officer, you also need to follow the prescribed rules. Media scrutiny has further aggravated the situation and you realize you need to tread carefully.\n(a) List the issues in the given situation that the parties involved are facing.\n(b) What step(s) will you take in the situation to ensure that the demands of the aggrieved persons are met without violating the rules?\n(c) In this context, briefly discuss how the poor in the country currently face digital exclusion and its consequence(s).","20",""],[47,"12. You are working as a senior doctor in the oncology department of a super specialty hospital located in Delhi. While accessing the quotations from reputed pharmaceutical companies to hospitals, you unearth a nexus between pharma firms and the hospital administration. You get to know that they are hand-in glove with each other and trying to fleece cancer patients by selling drugs at exorbitant prices, even though low cost alternative drugs are available in the market. Being the head of Alliance of Doctors for Ethical Healthcare, who is working against the arbitrary price regime of life saving drugs, you get a chance to represent your case before the Health Minister of your state. However, certain other doctors of the Alliance have asked you to present a distorted reality in front of the Minister since they are obtaining pecuniary benefits from such a scheme of nexus, which would cease if the nexus gets exposed.\n(a) Identify the main stakeholders and ethical issues involved.\n(b) Analyse the possible solutions for addressing the issues.\n(c) What would be your final course of action and why?","20",""],[53,"13. You are working as a Manager who handles critical projects in a private firm. You have recently been issued a notice by the Human Resource department that categorically highlights gender imbalance in your team and instructs you to recruit more females. Realizing the importance of this matter you decide to roll out vacancy requirements on an urgent basis and close it within a week. You receive several applications and start interviewing female candidates. However, you realize that the top four candidates are married and two of them are expecting their child. During the interviews the candidates commit on their priority for the project, till it finishes and show willingness to work from home, afterwards. What is the course of action that you will take? Explain the factors that you will take into account and justify the merits of the course of action.","20",""],[59,"14. Mr. A is a senior most member of a highly reputed company with considerable customer interface. In recent months, the business of the company has been going down. On detailed analysis, it was found that some of the functionaries of the company have impulsive nature, which has many a times led to altercations with the customers and even among themselves. This has adversely affected the work culture and sullied the image of the company in the market. He seeks your advice, as you are his friend as well as a person who understands management.\n(a) What are the factors that you would consider in making your advice?\n(b) What steps will you suggest to deal with the situation that the company faces?","20",""]]},{"i":1015,"t":"Pratyush Pandey","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_-4himN4bdoWs5kvk_PaDOwLnMRy-I5E/view","q":[[3,"Q.1) Indian ethics teach moderation as a moral standard. Examine.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) What do you understand by the concept of 'altruistic-hedonism'? Discuss in the context of public ethics.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3 Socratic concept of \"Ethical dying\" is a principled leave-taking from life. Compare and contrast it with the Gandhian concept of Satyagraha and Non-violence.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) \"Great leaders not only possess Interpersonal intelligence but also Intrapersonal intelligence.\" Comment.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) Value conflicts are common in the public sphere of life to everyone and a public servant is not an exception to this. What are the common value conflicts that a public servant faces? How can a public servant overcome those value conflicts?","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) Probity is the synthesis of Integrity and fortitude. Examine. Does Integrity imply complete refusal to compromise?","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) Social Influence and Persuasion focus on ways in which behaviour of a group or an individual is influenced by outside factors. Explain how it can help in convincing people to work towards collective good?","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) The greatest discovery of all time is that a person can change his future by merely changing his attitude. What is the importance of attitude in one's life? What important role does attitude play in one's success? Elaborate.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9 \"In matters of conscience, the law of majority has no place.\" Do you agree? Substantiate with Example.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10 \"We are what we repeatedly do. Excellence, then, is not an act, but a habit.\" Elaborate this Aristotelian ethics with examples.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11 \"Civil Service is not about absolute impartiality but is about partiality towards justice.\" Examine.","10","150"],[25,"Q.12) Discuss the menace of corruption in public life. Also critically examine the measures taken for ensuring probity in governance.","10","150"],[27,"Q.13) What is the present perception of public administration in the view of the general public? How can we reconcile \"public\" and \"administration\"?","10","150"],[29,"Q.14) Government of India decided to come up with a plan to de-radicalise youths, influenced by extremist groups to join their terror outfits. Under this plan, a separate department was established under Home ministry. You are assigned a senior position in a newly created department. The department, thus created, was responsible for monitoring, counselling and rehabilitation of youths who were apprehended on their way to join terror outfit. Afterwards they were returned to their family members and were given an opportunity to start afresh.\n\nOne such incident comes to your notice where Mr. X who is a doctor by profession and was returned to his family members. He was intercepted and apprehended by security agency in Turkey while on his way to join ISIS in Iraq. However, after his rehabilitation, Mr. X found it difficult to adjust. No one was ready to hire him. He and his family witnessed nearly a social boycott.\n\nYou are the officer designated to monitor the progress of Mr. X. You received a credible intelligence report that owing to lack of social support and promising future prospects, once again he is in touch with terror outfit. You reported the whole matter to your immediate senior who shrugged it off and replied that Mr. X deserves this treatment owing to his misplaced allegiance and mistake. He ordered you to stay quiet and let Mr. X go about his business and, makes a promise that if he makes moves to join terrorist organisation, he will be arrested and put in jail.\na) Would you adhere to your senior's order? Give reason(s) for your choice.\nb) What are the ethical dilemmas before you? How will you resolve these?","20","250"],[33,"Q.15) Government has issued a tender for a mega road project. As a senior official in the Ministry, you are responsible for issuing the notice, examining the prospective tender offers and selecting the final vendor for providing the services. You are an upright officer. One of your relatives owns an infrastructure company and his company have applied for the above mentioned contract. After preliminary examination, you have reached the conclusion that your relative's offer best suits the government requirement. Initially, you had taken enough care that you are not at all instrumental in helping your relative.\nThe Minister in charge of the Ministry wants you to allot the contract to the company of his choice-Company B. The said company has no previous experience in the field of Infrastructure. For contract to be allotted to company B, even the pre-established criteria may have to be changed. Therefore, you suspect the promoters of the company have made generous donations to ruling political party. The Minister is promising you career advancement in lieu of complying with him.\na. Critically examine various conflicts of interest and explain what your responsibilities as a public servant are.\nb. Faced with this situation, what will you do?","20","250"],[37,"Q.16 A social audit was conducted by a reputed national institution for all state funded shelter home for girls in your district. The audit has pointed towards possible sexual abuse of girls living in a particular shelter house located in posh locality near district headquarters. The shelter home is run an influential person who has political connections with big politicians and has a good influence on government officials including district child protection officer. It is in the news that district child protection officer is involved in the case as an accomplice with shelter home owner. Also news is coming of involvement of politicians and government officials in the case. An FIR has also been registered by the auditing institution with the nearest police station.\na. As the district magistrate, what actions will be taken by you in the case? Also provide the objective behind the actions taken by you.\nb. The investigating officer of the case have cited the political pressure on him due to the ongoing investigation of the case. Also as the District magistrate, you are also getting frequent calls from influential persons pertaining to investigation for removing their names from investigation. What measures will be taken by you to ensure free and fair investigation without any influence?\nc. Discuss the safeguards that should be put in place to make sure that such cases do not occur in the future.","20","250"],[41,"Q.17 You are the Head of Department in a University. Recently, a clerical staff in your department was terminated from the job as he was found under the influence of alcohol during office hours. In the previous month there were a lot of complaints regarding his poor quality of work, tardiness and some incoherent behaviour. Later you came to know that this change in behaviour was concurrent with the death of his wife after a prolonged illness. It has also made him debt ridden. This may be further compounded by the fact that he has a daughter to marry off soon and a handicapped son to take care of.\n\nHe desperately needs a job. He has applied for a position at a private University and has already given your name as a reference. He pleads you to give him a good recommendation and not mention his drinking, which he assures you are now under control. He also asks you to mention that he voluntarily left the University to address a family medical crisis and that the University was pleased with his work. You like this person and believe that he is a good worker when he is not drinking. But you doubt whether he has really overcome his drinking problem.\n\nValid arguments can be advanced, both, for rejecting his plea with the consequence that his condition may become even worse and for accepting his plea with a noble intention, but keeping the third party in the dark.\na What could those arguments be?\nb Could there be any better way to get out of this dilemma? If so, outline the main elements of this third way, pointing out its merits.","20","250"],[45,"Q.18 You are the Chief of District Transport department, who issues registrations for motor vehicles. The office is plagued with corruption, delays and arbitrariness. Some of the citizens complained that the absence of citizen charter in the office is the reason for all the other issues. You have decided to draw a citizen charter for the office. Your seniors and subordinates are also ready to support you in this regard with capacities, facilities etc.\na. Draw out a citizen charter for your organization and list out its merits.\nb. What are the difficulties you think could occur in implementing the charter?","20","250"],[49,"Q.19) You have been appointed by the Election Commission as a booth level officer to oversee the conduct of elections in a remote and under-developed area. For the preparations of elections, you have been instructed to ensure maximum voter turn-out. For this, you conduct a series of meetings with the people in villages encouraging them to vote in large numbers. However, they confront you with the fact that despite so many previous elections, the promises made by representatives remain unfulfilled. And even the basic necessities of livelihood are not available. As such, they are not forthcoming even to listen to you, let alone giving assurances to participate in voting. Based on this information, answer the following questions:\na. Identify the stakeholders in the situation along with their interests.\nb. How will you convince the people and ensure maximum voter turnout?","20","250"]]},{"i":607,"t":"Priya Rani","c":"Nextias","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":69,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/93393beb2b7e996905ce7ea7f8b78443/88/air-69-priya-rani_test-4_gs4.pdf","q":[[3,"1. (a) Public service requires not merely legal but also morally principled action. Public service requires the public servant to place loyalty to the constitution, laws, and ethical principles. Among the three, which do you think must acquire primacy while carrying out official functions? Why? Discuss.","10","150"],[5,"(b) What do you understand by \"integrity-based civil disobedience\"? Do you think a challenge to personal integrity can be a justifiable cause for responsible disobedience in civil services? Explain.","10","150"],[7,"2. (a) Recent research has shown that emotions significantly impact personal and professional lives. What are the primary emotions that negatively and positively impact workplace productivity? Explain with relevant examples.","10","Answer in 150"],[9,"(b) Technical efficiency ensures resource utilization and social efficiency ensures fulfillment of social needs, what does ethical efficiency ensure? Do you think ethical efficiency is more important than technical and social efficiency? Why/Why not?","10","150"],[11,"3. (a) \"Man cannot do right in one department of life whilst he is occupied in doing wrong in any other department.\" Gandhi.\nDo you think an individual's personal ethics impacts professional life or they both can be compartmentalized? Explain your position with relevant examples.","10","150"],[13,"(b) Goodness is the result of internal imperatives to do what is right, not sanctions from moral rules or rewards from expected consequences. Do you agree? Discuss.","10","150"],[15,"4. Explain the meaning of the following quotations and discuss their contemporary relevance.\n(a) \"To tolerate is purely an act of the mind. That is the essence of virtue. To tolerate is a strength.\" (Answer in 150 words) 10 Marks","10","150"],[17,"(b) \"It is our first duty to serve society, and after we have done that, we may attend wholly to the salvation of our souls.\" (Answer in 150 words) 10 Marks","10","150"],[19,"(c) \"Periods of peace are the empty pages in the history books\" (Answer in 150 words) 10 Marks\n Why has there been less period of peace?","10","150"],[21,"5 (a) In the context of civil service, distinguish between moral and non moral values. Identify 5 basic moral values that can serve as foundational values for all services irrespective of the department. Give reasons why those values can be considered foundational.","10","150"],[23,"(b) Citizens' involvement in decision-making is critical to ethics in governance. Do you agree that effective civic engagement mechanisms can facilitate an ethics-driven administration? What do you think are the mechanisms that citizens can use for ensuring ethics in governance?","10","150"],[25,"6. (a) Social transformation programs such as \"beti bachao and beti padhao\" believes in using advice, counseling, and persuasion but sometimes a little force is also necessary for getting the desired response. Do you think it is a good idea to mix little force with persuasion by public administrators while implementing social schemes of transformation? Explain with relevant examples.","10","150"],[27,"(b) Ultimately foreign policy of every country hinges upon the strength which the nation possesses. Strength may be military or financial and may be also... moral. Do you think ethical strength without military or financial muscle will be respected in today's world? Explain your position.","10","150"],[29,"7 You are a young officer working with the Municipal Corporation of an industrial city. The city was known for manufacturing ball bearings and auto parts. Most manufacturing units were small-scale units with very little production process automation. The units relied on manual labor, which was in abundance due to the villages close by.\nAs the number of manufacturing units grew, the demand for labor increased, bringing in a steady inflow of laborers into the city. This influx of people into the town led to a mushrooming of slums and encroachments on the sidewalks. Once in a while, the Corporation conducted drives to clear out the slums, but after a time, the slums came back. The illegal slums had become an urban nightmare.\nYou were given the responsibility of clearing out the encroachments and slums with the help of Police authorities. As you started the drive, you realized that the people living by the sidewalks were vulnerable compared to the slum dwellers. Many sidewalk dwellers had recently come to the city after selling their properties in their villages. Now if you drive them out, they have no place to go. Your heart went out to them, and you felt that your departmental action was inhumane, but your official responsibilities demanded stern impartial action. You are desperate to find a way to help the sidewalk dwellers without compromising your official duties.\n(a) What value conflicts do you notice in the above situation?\n(b) Can an administrator compromise the value of impartiality for empathy? Discuss.\n(c) What are the options available in the above situation?\n(d) Suggest viable solutions for tackling illegal slums and encroachments in urban areas.","20","Answer in 250"],[32,"(a) Viable solution for tackling illegal slums and encroachment in urban areas","",""],[34,"8. A certain State government was running a welfare scheme for promoting safe motherhood among rural landless laborers' families. The scheme involves the transfer of funds to the beneficiaries to enable them to mitigate income loss due to maternal care responsibilities. Since its implementation, the scheme has done reasonably well on maternal health and economic indicators.\nYou are the Director of the Department responsible for implementing and operating the scheme. Recently you have been receiving reports of welfare fraud being committed by families by producing fake bona fide. The families committed the fraud with the help of local officials responsible for scrutinizing the bonafide.\nYou were concerned because the fraud was seriously undermining the scheme's efficiency. You called for a departmental meeting to discuss and find a solution to the problem. In the meeting, it was decided to merge several available government data sets such as Aadhar cards, voter ID cards, marriage certificates, birth certificates, bank details, and other personal assets. By merging all the data sets, the department would be able to develop the beneficiary's economic profile. And this will help the department scrutinize the documents and detect fraud. This was a comprehensive strategy, but it risked violating an individual's data privacy. As a Department head, you wanted to detect and prevent fraud, but at the same time, you were apprehensive about violating the Data privacy of the stakeholders.\n(a) What are the issues involved in the above case?\n(b) Do you think violating data privacy is justified to prevent welfare fraud? Why/ Why not?\n(c) What, according to you, can be the reasons for such welfare frauds happening in the country?\n(d) Are there any ways and means to prevent such fraud? Give your suggestions.","20","Answer in 250"],[39,"9 You are posted in the Department of Mines, and one of your roles is to help your Department Head negotiate mining leases with private contractors.\nRecently, the state government demarcated a new mining zone and planned to invite bids for the mining blocs. You were instructed to oversee the bidding process and speed up the contract negotiations. As planned, the tenders were released, bids came in, and tenders were allocated as per the norms. All this happened at a breakneck speed. You wondered, why the hurry? But it was not your place to think and question; you quietly went about your work.\nAs the contractors were about to start operations, you had to instruct them on environmental concerns to watch out for. And to do that, you read the environmental impact assessment report submitted by a consulting firm hired by the department. To your surprise, the report was shoddy and looked cooked up. You got suspicious and raised the issue with your Head, who politely instructed you to do what you were told, and he reminded you that the Department had revenue targets and was under pressure from the Ministry.\nAfter the meeting you, on your own accord, did some digging and found out that the report was fraudulent and the mining activity that was about to start would lead to a massive environmental disaster which the State could not afford.\n(a) What are the issues and value violations you notice in the above case?\n(b) What are the options available to you?\n(c) Discuss the advantage and disadvantages of each option and identify your chosen course of action.\n(d) Do you think that environmental considerations are sometimes overrated at the cost of development?","20","Answer in 250"],[44,"10 (a) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\n(b) Do you think corporate businesses like GAMA should think about international ethics while promoting their business interests? If yes, why? If no, why not?\n(c) Do you think a corporate's social responsibility extends beyond its immediate community to the international community? If yes, why? If no, why not?\n(d) Do you think sensitive technology defense companies should be regularly regulated by related governments, or should regulation reduce their entrepreneurship and innovation energy? Discuss.\na What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\nb Do you think corporate businesses like GAMA should think about international ethics while promoting their business interests? If yes, why? If no, why not?\nc Do you think a corporate's social responsibility extends beyond its immediate community to the international community? If yes, why? If no, why not?\nd Do you think sensitive technology defense companies should be regularly regulated by related governments, or should regulation reduce their entrepreneurship and innovation energy? Discuss.","20","250"],[49,"11 (a) इस मामले में कौन–से नैतिक और व्यावसायिक मुद्दे शामिल हैं?\n(b) श्री शर्मा और सीईओ के पास कौन–कौन से विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\n(c) क्या आपको लगता है कि बिक्री कार्यबल को स्वतंत्रता देने की संगठनात्मक संस्कृति के कारण समस्या उत्पन्न हुई या व्यक्ति की भ्रष्ट प्रवृत्ति के कारण समस्या उत्पन्न हुई? चर्चा कीजिए।\n(d) जैसा कि इस मामले में बताया गया है, ऐसे अनैतिक व्यवहार को रोकने के लिए कंपनी कौन–से नैतिक तंत्र और उपाय निर्माण और कार्यान्वित कर सकती है? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","20 अंक","250 शब्दों में"],[50,"(a) What are the ethical and business issues involved in the case?\n(b) What are the options available to Mr. Sharma and the CEO?\n(c) Do you think the organizational culture of giving freedom to the sales force led to the issue or was the individual's corrupt nature that led to the problem? Discuss.\n(d) What ethics mechanisms and steps can the company create and implement to prevent unethical behavior, as mentioned in the case?","20","Answer in 250"],[54,"12 (a) उपरोक्त मामले में कौन-कौन से मुद्दे शामिल हैं?\n(b) आपको क्या लगता है रश्मि को क्या करना चाहिए? क्या रश्मि के लिए स्थानीय प्रशासन को शामिल करना अच्छा विचार होगा? कार्यान्वयन योग्य कार्यवाही का सुझाव दीजिए।\n(c) क्या आपको लगता है कि कंपनियों को उस क्षेत्र की सामाजिक समस्याओं के लिए भी जिम्मेदारी स्वीकार करनी चाहिए जहाँ वे अपना कार्य करती हैं? अगर हाँ तो क्यों, अगर नहीं तो क्यों नहीं?\n(d) श्रमिक संघ की इतनी आक्रामक प्रतिक्रिया के क्या कारण हो सकते हैं? आपके अनुसार रश्मि को कर्मचारी संघ को कैसे संभालना चाहिए? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए) 20 अंक\n\nSingh Garh is a primarily rural district with minimal, relatively insignificant industrial activity, except for one consumer goods manufacturing plant, which was the primary source of employment. Development indicators such as health, literacy, etc., were much below the national average.\n\nAlong with developmental issues, another grave concern was the slow rise in child marriages. Despite the legal sanctions, child marriage continued to rise unabated.","20 अंक","250"],[55,"(a) What are the issues involved in the above case?\n(b) What do you think Rashmi should do? Would it be a good idea for Rashmi to involve local administration? Suggest an implementable course of action.\n(c) Do you think companies should also accept responsibility for the social problems of the region where they operate? Why/why not?\n(d) What could be the reasons for such an aggressive reaction from the workers union? How do you think Rashmi should handle the workers union? (Answer in 250 words) 20 marks\na) What are the issues involved in the above case?\nb) What do you think Rashmi should do? Would it be a good idea for Rashmi to involve local administration? Suggest an implementable course of action.\nc) Do you think companies should also accept responsibility for the social problems of the region where they operate? Why/why not?\nd) What could be the reasons for such an aggressive reaction from the workers union? How do you think Rashmi should handle the workers union?","20","250"],[58,"(a) Reasons for aggressive reaction from workers union:\n1 an underdeveloped region -> low employment girl child already a burden & delayed marriage will increase burden.\n2 Traditional morality of marrying off girl early to fulfill their responsibility.","",""]]},{"i":611,"t":"Priyanka Choudhary","c":"Vision","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/b2387-1051591_1835_priyanka_choudhary_rank_79.pdf","q":[[3,"1. The withdrawal of general consent to the CBI by certain state governments in India threatens the spirit of cooperative federalism in India. Discuss.","10","150"],[5,"2. Stating the sources of finance for local self-governments in India, suggest ways to strengthen their financial position.","10","150"],[7,"3. Cabinet Committees play an important role in reinstating collective responsibility and principle of homogeneity of the Executive in the Indian Parliamentary system. Elucidate.","10","150"],[9,"4. There is a need to overhaul the public procurement and project management (PPPM) framework of India for faster, efficient and transparent execution of government projects. Comment.","10","150"],[11,"5. Adequate measures are required to overcome the challenges and vulnerabilities associated with undertaking social accountability initiatives and institutionalising them.","10","150"],[13,"6. In view of the recent Parliamentary Standing Committee report, discuss the issues faced by the National Commission for Scheduled Tribes (NCST) and suggest measures that can be adopted to strengthen it.","10","150"],[15,"7. While the Mid-Day Meal scheme was aimed at fulfilling the nutritional needs of students, it is far behind in achieving this objective. Discuss. Also, suggest remedial measures in this context.","10","150"],[17,"8. Sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) remain critical for the attainment of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In this context, discuss the impediments in the fulfilment of SRHR in India. Also, mention the steps that can be taken in this regard.","10","150"],[19,"9. State the functions of the United Nations Human Rights Council. Also, discuss the issues faced by the Council in the promotion and protection of human rights around the globe.","10","150"],[21,"10. West Asia is an important strategic region for India with profound geo-political and geo-economic significance. Discuss.","10","150"],[23,"11. Disenfranchising prisoners desecrates a cherished value in a democracy i.e. 'right to vote', which should be guarded earnestly. Discuss in the light of The Representation of The People Act, 1951.","15","250"],[26,"12. There are similarities and interactions between the affirmative action adopted by India and USA owing to similar historical injustices faced by their respective vulnerable groups. Discuss.","15","250"],[29,"13. Objections to domicile-based reservation in private sector jobs on the grounds of constitutional equality and freedom are misplaced. Critically discuss.","15","250"],[32,"14. There have been arguments that sedition law is an attack on the very foundation of India's liberal democratic principles, as enshrined in the Constitution. Do you agree?","15","250"],[35,"15. Despite Government e-Marketplace facing certain challenges, it has brought about a significant improvement in the procurement of goods and services by various government agencies. Discuss.","15","250"],[38,"16. A reformed system of recruitment, training and evaluation needs to be put in place to take forward the development of a highly efficient and accountable civil service. Discuss in the context of India.","15","250"],[41,"17. Despite initiatives taken by the Indian government to achieve critical goals in the education sector, major interventions are required to tackle learning poverty as well as the persisting inequalities. Discuss.","15","250"],[44,"18. In light of the burgeoning burden of both communicable and non-communicable diseases, there is a need to revamp the public health surveillance system in India. Discuss.","15","250"],[47,"19. The repercussions of the ongoing economic crisis in Sri Lanka extend beyond its borders. Discuss with specific reference to India. Also, mention the steps that India has taken to assist Sri Lanka tide over the crisis.","15","250"],[50,"20. India is a reliable partner in the Indian Ocean Region and can take on the role of being the net security provider in the region. Discuss.","15","250"]]},{"i":610,"t":"Priyanka Choudhary","c":"Vision","p":"GS3","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/90968-1051591_1515_priyanka_choudhary_rank_79.pdf","q":[[3,"1. Explain the meaning of off-budget borrowings and its role in helping the government raise funds for various expenditures. Also, comment on its desirability.","10","150"],[5,"2. It is argued that genetically modified food crops are required to ensure food security of India. Examine in view of concerns regarding introduction of GM crops.","10","150"],[7,"3. India's price intervention policies to support its agricultural sector not only create a broken system but also complicate matters related to international trade rules. Critically discuss.","10","150"],[9,"4. India has an opportunity to become a leading global food supplier provided it has an efficient supply chain and the right marketing strategies. Elucidate.","10","150"],[11,"5. Land banks are increasingly gaining prominence in India to encourage land-use efficiency and enable economic growth. In this context, discuss the benefits of a land bank and state the concerns associated with it.","10","150"],[13,"6. Desertification has been described as one of the greatest environmental challenges of our time and climate change is making it worse. Discuss.","10","150"],[15,"7. In the context of intellectual property rights, discuss the advantages and disadvantages of releasing projects under an 'Open Source' license.","10","150"],[17,"8. \"Indian space sector has been dominated by a single umbrella of government and government institutions.\" In light of the statement, discuss the significance of Indian Space Association in providing an impetus to space technology in India.","10","150"],[19,"9. Man and machine both have an important role in national security and making urban areas secure. In this context, discuss how technology is a major stakeholder in addressing the internal security challenges of India.","10","150"],[21,"10. National Security Guard (NSG) has emerged as a formidable force equipped to handle various manifestations of terrorism. Discuss the mandate and achievements of this force.","10","150"],[23,"11. What do you understand by asset monetisation? Why is it needed in India? In this context, discuss the issues that need to be addressed for the National Monetisation Pipeline to succeed.","15","250"],[26,"12. What is social stock exchange (SSE)? Discuss the need for setting up of SSEs and key challenges in their effective implementation.","15","250"],[29,"13. In the context of India, highlight the importance of agriculture extension. What are the challenges faced in provisioning of agriculture extension services? How does the National Mission on Agricultural Extension & Technology (NMAET) address these issues?","15","250"],[32,"14. Clearly delineate the 'employment problem' that India currently faces. Also, explain the fundamental reasons behind existence of this problem.","15","250"],[35,"15. Although steps have been taken for integrating the dispersed logistics activities of maritime trade, much more needs to be done to make India a maritime powerhouse. Discuss.","15","250"],[38,"16. Accounting for natural capital and ecosystem services is crucial to understand the link between the economy and environment. Discuss with specific references to India's initiatives in this regard.","15","250"],[41,"17. Rapid and unplanned urbanisation accompanied by population growth have increased both the risk and impact of natural disasters. Discuss the statement along with adequate measures to address the relevant concerns in India.","15","250"],[44,"18. National Hydrogen Mission can be a game changer for India's rising energy demands. Comment.","15","250"],[47,"19. Despite geo-strategic instability of its region and a keen awareness of the cyber threat it faces, India has made only 'modest progress' in developing its policy and doctrine for cyberspace security. Critically examine.","15","250"],[50,"20. Developmental interventions alone cannot play a defining role in the resolution of existing and protracted internal conflicts in various parts of India within a reasonable time frame. Discuss.","15","250"]]},{"i":608,"t":"Priyanka Choudhary","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/c11de-1051591_1827_priyanka_choudhary_rank_79.pdf","q":[[3,"1. (a) The ideals of 'Dhamma' by Ashoka present key learnings on public morality. Discuss. Also, state their relevance for public servants.","10","150"],[5,"1. (b) There is a need for an effective climate governance structure within the broad framework of corporate governance. Discuss.","10","150"],[7,"2. (a) Family values influence the decisions individuals make both within the family structure and outside of it. Do you agree with the statement? Justify with relevant examples.","10","150"],[9,"2. (b) 'Niti' must be more concerned with 'nyaya' i.e. the elimination of removable injustices rather than defining a perfectly just society. Discuss.","10","150"],[11,"3. (a) While it may seem restrictive, anonymity is one of the greatest strengths of the civil services. Comment in the context of growth of social media in recent times.","10","150"],[13,"3. (b) Corporate governance and business ethics are key factors influencing investment decisions and determining the flow of capital worldwide. In this context, discuss the inter-relationship between corporate governance and business ethics.","10","150"],[15,"4. (a) Examine the issue of foreign aid in global politics from an ethical perspective.","10","150"],[17,"4. (b) Explaining the meaning of media ethics, discuss why it is a prerequisite for democracy.","10","150"],[19,"5. (a) What do you understand by a situation of 'crisis of conscience'? Also, explain how a public servant can deal with such a situation.","10","150"],[21,"5. (b) The opportunities and threats created by emerging technologies like Artificial Intelligence (AI) require leaders across business, government and civil society to understand the importance of values and ethics in technological development. Elucidate.","10","150"],[23,"6. (a) It is argued that the Indian bureaucracy suffers from indecision and risk aversion. Do you agree? Justify with logical arguments.","10","150"],[24,"6. (b) Corruption endangers not only the quality of governance but also threatens the very foundation of our society. Elucidate.","10","150"],[26,"6. (c) Discuss the foundational values of civil services, which are prerequisites in building a responsive public administration. Also, highlight how Mission Karmayogi aspires to make public administration more responsive.","10","150"],[28,"7. You come across a news report of a state 'X' which has a considerable number of school going children suffering from malnourishment. To overcome this, the state recently rolled out a policy to introduce eggs in mid-day meals in schools. However, some parents, teachers and a few religious groups have protested against the move. The report states that the Minister of Education of state 'X' has assured the public of a reversal in the policy. You are aware that this may be because elections are approaching in the state and the party in power may not want to antagonise a particular religious group, which is its key supporter.\n\nIn light of this, answer the following:\n(a) Highlight the stakeholders in the given case study.\n(b) Examine the options available in the given situation.\n(c) According to you, what is the best course of action and why?","20","around 250"],[30,"2. Fight against the government and stand up for malnourishment elimination policy of mid day meal","",""],[31,"3. Persuade government to change eggs with protein rich food as soyabean in mid-day meal to satisfy parents, religious groups.","",""],[33,"8. Recently, the government has proposed a bill to increase the age of marriage for women from 18 to 21 years. It has been argued that it will help women improve their nutritional status, lower maternal mortality rate and improve the overall health status of women. However, some critics have stated that the proposed law would be counterproductive to women's cause and the desired objectives will not be met. In this context, answer the following questions:\n(a) What effect will an increase in the age of marriage have on women in India?\n(b) Can legislation be used as an effective tool for social change?\n(c) Discuss other agents that can be used for social change in this context.","20",""],[38,"9. Climate change not only threatens our ecosystems but also undermines the foundation of our fundamental rights, deepens inequalities and creates new forms of injustice.\n(a) Highlight the ethical issues arising out of human-induced climate change.\n(b) What ethical principles should form the basis of global action on climate change?","20",""],[39,"(a) Ethical issues in this case\n1. Negligence & denial of environmental ethics and ecological values of - conservation, environment-centric, sustainable development\n2. Disregard to trusteeship or stewardship ethics - considers humans as trustees of nature Earth who acts as guardians - we are rather destroying it","",""],[43,"10. You are the Chairperson of Staff Selection Commission of a state. Recently, an exam for recruitment to the position of sub-inspectors was conducted by the Commission. But a video of some students using hi-tech devices like spy-mics, and placing \"solvers\" to cheat in the exam by hiding bluetooth devices in wig, has been surfacing on the internet. Also, this is not an isolated incident; many instances of organized cheating scandals have shocked the state in recent years. Students are agitated and demanding cancellation of the exam and there is pressure on you to resign. However, your daughter had also appeared in this exam and is confident of clearing it. There are many other students who had waited for this exam for a long time and are hopeful of clearing it with honest efforts. Whatever decision the Commission takes is bound to affect the career of a large number of candidates who appeared in the exam, including your own daughter.\n(a) Highlight the ethical issues concerned in the case.\n(b) Why is cheating in examinations prevalent in many states across India?\n(c) What measures would you take to make sure that a similar situation does not arise in future?","20",""],[48,"11. You are a young officer posted as a Sub-Divisional Magistrate in a backward district. You receive a complaint against the appointment of a Dalit woman in a village school for cooking food under the Mid-Day Meal scheme by parents of some students. The parents are putting immense pressure on the school management to discontinue the services of the woman concerned on the basis of long-standing social norms of caste impurity. They also say that if the management fails to take a favourable decision, keeping in mind the prevailing social customs, they will convene a village assembly and take action against the woman and her family members, including boycotting them socially.\n\nBased on the above information, address the following:\n(a) Identify the issues involved in the given case study.\n(b) Highlighting the reasons behind continuing caste discrimination, discuss the steps which you will take to resolve the present issue.","20",""],[53,"12. A bridge is being built by a powerful local contractor in a district. The Public Works Department (PWD) is responsible for issuing the tender, checking the quality of the bridge and giving approval to it. During the construction of the bridge, testing by the quality control lab in the PWD showed its strength to be slightly below the minimum value required for granting approval for its further construction and completion. The local contractor paid hefty bribes to some officials in the PWD to get the contract. These officials are pressurising the quality control lab in the PWD to sign the report and give the required approval to the bridge. The local MLA is also pressuring the concerned lab for the approval, as elections in the state are approaching and the bridge has to be inaugurated. However, the in-charge of the lab is aware that if he grants approval and any mishappening related to the bridge occurs in the future, he may come under scrutiny. In this context, answer the following questions:\n(a) What are the issues involved in this scenario?\n(b) Evaluate the options available to the in-charge of the quality control lab in the given situation.\n(c) What course of action should the lab in-charge take? Justify with logical arguments.","20",""],[56,"2 Give results truly according to tests & not allow go ahead","",""]]},{"i":609,"t":"Priyanka Choudhary","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/7b7e2-1051591_1830_priyanka_choudhary_rank_79.pdf","q":[[2,"1. (a) According to you, what are the main reasons behind prejudice against certain sections of a society? Discuss with examples.","10","150"],[4,"1. (b) Discuss how persuasion acts as a functional pillar in attitudinal change and attitude formation with requisite examples.","10","150"],[6,"2. (a) A legally enforceable code of ethics for civil servants, which not only prescribes the ethical values they must display in their public life but also provides sanctions for violations of these values, is the need of the hour. Discuss.","10","150"],[8,"2. (b) Although open and transparent governance has gained ground, do you agree with the view that there is merit in withholding some information from people? Justify your arguments with examples.","10","150"],[10,"3. (a) Although bribery is illegal and counterproductive, public officials still demand bribes, and executives in the private sector remain tempted to pay up. In this context, discuss ways in which corporations can build a framework to eliminate the practice of offering kickbacks.","10","150"],[12,"3. (b) Identifying the issues associated with utilization of public funds, discuss the various ethical principles which can help devise strategies for better utilization of public funds in India","10","150"],[14,"4. What do each of the following quotations mean to you?\n(a) \"All persons ought to endeavour to follow what is right, and not what is established.\" — Aristotle (150 words) 10","10","150"],[16,"4. (b) \"It is compassion, the most gracious of virtues, which moves the world.\" — Tiruvalluvar, Kural","10","150"],[18,"4. (c) \"I understand democracy as something that gives the weak the same chance as the strong.\" — Mahatma Gandhi","10","150"],[20,"5. (a) \"A well-developed Emotional intelligence is not only an instrumental tool in accomplishing goals; but has a dark side as a weapon for manipulating others by robbing them of their capacity to reason.\" Analyse.","10","150"],[22,"5. (b) What do you understand by conformity, compliance and obedience? Discuss their relevance in the context of civil services in India.","10","150"],[24,"6. (a) Though the internal control systems in India are impressive on paper, they have not worked well in curbing the issue of corruption in the administration. Comment. Also, discuss the various reasons for the same.","10","150"],[26,"6. (b) There is broad consensus that the state has failed to effectively deliver public services to its citizens, particularly the poor. In this context, discuss the need for providing incentives, building state capacity and ensuring transparency for better service delivery.","10","150"],[28,"7. You are the principal of a college which has a long history of student politics. However, due to your personal belief, you are not in favour of conducting student elections and thus have kept the process of yearly student elections pending without any official announcement. While you are mulling over the decision of not conducting elections, you get representation from some professors as well as students who criticize the activities of student unions as obstructive to the academic environment of the college. Some time later, student leaders also come to talk to you regarding conduct of elections, and you tell them about the representation received by you against allowing student elections. You further tell them that you are contemplating suspending all activities related to student politics in the campus. On hearing this, student leaders become aggressive and start sloganeering and destroying college property. In this context, answer the following questions:\n(a) What are the issues involved in the case above?\n(b) How can you separate your personal ethics from professional ethics?\n(c) How would you deal with this situation?","20","around 250"],[33,"8. In light of the above debate of capital punishment, answer the following questions:\n(a) What are the arguments in favour of and against having capital punishment in the criminal justice system?\n(b) Do you think capital punishment has a place in modern civilised society? Examine in the context of moral implications involved in awarding it.","20",""],[38,"9. An Indian company is active in the telecom sector and is the majority owner of a telecom company based in other geographies across the world. At one of its European headquarters, there emerged whistleblowing allegations that a local executive was bribing local government officials in order to obtain telecom cabling and construction contracts from the local government. The kickbacks were allegedly paid through a third-party consultant. More specifically, there were allegations that the executive, the third party, and a government official had some sort of business interest in common, possibly shareholdings in a limited company or the joint ownership of an undisclosed asset. The company is thought to be particularly close to the ruling dispensation in India and the news has now raised pressure to put its business operations in India under scanner as well. In this context, answer the following questions:\n(a) What are the ethical challenges in the given case?\n(b) Identify the different stakeholders and their interests.\n(c) As the CEO of the firm, how would you respond to the given situation?","20",""],[43,"10. Sunil has been posted as a DM in a hilly district which is vulnerable to several natural disasters. The district is known for a pilgrimage site and is frequently visited by tourists from all over India. The major occupation of locals therefore lies in the hospitality business. Unfortunately, after a few days of his joining, the district faced a major earthquake. It has led to high casualties and damages to the essential infrastructure such as roads and bridges. Both locals and tourists are trapped at different routes and locations. An international convoy of dignitaries from a neighboring country which has come to pay their obeisance at the pilgrimage site, is also trapped due to the disaster. Because of this, Sunil has to divert most of the available resources in the rescue operation of the foreign dignitaries. People are emotionally distressed due to the disaster, and delayed response from authorities to their needs has led to a law-and-order situation in the district. People from other states whose families are trapped and need immediate assistance are also getting restless and flooding the emergency helplines with complaints and requests.\n(a) Discuss the issues being faced by Sunil in the given scenario.\n(b) Mention a course of action that Sunil must take to maintain law-and-order as well as to expediate rescue operations of all concerned.","20",""],[48,"11. You are posted as a Customs official in one of renowned port cities of India. Your team has recently intercepted a consignment having over 5000 kilograms of red sandalwood. Red Sandalwood, also known as Red Sanders, is a prohibited item for export and is covered under the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) list and hence you detained a few individuals for their alleged involvement in trying to smuggle it to another country. However, you later come to know that these people are working for an influential businessman with close ties to the ruling party of the state. Your seniors in the department have verbally instructed you not to register any complaint as yet. You are fearful that a deal will be struck between the businessman and a few corrupt officers of your department and the detained persons will be freed. You are ready to go ahead and file the complaint but at the same time are also fearful of departmental action against you if you disobey your seniors.\n(a) What are the various options available to you in the given case? Evaluate the merits and demerits of each of these.\n(b) Also indicate (without necessarily restricting to the above options) your course of action and the reasons for the same.","20",""],[50,"2) Detain the smugglers and file a complaint in accordance to due process of law","",""],[53,"12. You are the Superintendent of Police (SP) in a district. One of your subordinates informs you that a girl has reached out to him and complained about a potential death threat to her and her boyfriend who belongs to another caste. Both the families are averse to their union. She has also informed that the local police station is neither taking any complaint nor giving her any assurance of protection. The girl belongs to the dominant caste of the region and her father is a prominent local leader of the party which is in power in the state. On further enquiry, you come to know that both the girl and her boyfriend are adults. They have moved out of the house and have started living together. This has further angered both the families and they are accusing each other of abduction. In the given scenario, answer the following questions:\n(a) Bring out the ethical dilemma faced by the you.\n(b) What would be a suitable course of action to resolve the issue?\n(c) At times, such instances lead to violence and may end up in honour killings. Discuss the reasons behind their social acceptance in parts of India despite the legal sanction against them.","20",""]]},{"i":612,"t":"R Rangamanju","c":"Nextias","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/4/gs-mac-test-1-rangamanju-1745409219906.pdf","q":[[4,"Q1 Examine the role of numismatic evidence in understanding the political and economic history of ancient India. Provide specific examples.","10",""],[6,"Q2. Assess the impact of women's organizations in mobilizing women across diverse socio-economic and regional backgrounds in pre-independence India.","10",""],[8,"Q3 How did the policy of non-alignment reflect the aspirations of India and other newly independent nations to maintain their sovereignty and resist colonial pressures?","10",""],[10,"Q4 Discuss the processes involved in volcanism. Highlight the major volcanic regions in the world and their associated tectonic settings.","10",""],[12,"Q5. Explain the geological features and ecological importance of the Eastern Ghats.","10",""],[14,"Q6. Earlier known as coarse cereals the government rebranded millets in 2018 as nutri-cereals. In this context discuss the ecological and nutritional significance of millets","10",""],[16,"Q7 What are the potential consequences of Arctic ice melt on biodiversity and ecosystems? How might these changes impact global ecological balance","10",""],[18,"Q8 Do you think the Uniform Civil Code contradicts the idea of religious pluralism and cultural differences in Indian society?","10",""],[20,"Q9 Discuss the concept of healthy active ageing in the context of demographic shifts in India. How does it contribute to social inclusion?","10",""],[22,"Q10 How is the transition from 'conscious consumption' to 'compulsive consumption' impacting family structure and dynamics in urban areas?","10",""],[24,"Q11. Discuss with examples the key features of Vijayanagara architecture. How did Indo-Islamic elements manifest in their structures?","15",""],[27,"Q12 Compare and contrast the features of ancient Indian universities like Nalanda and Takshashila with modern state-funded universities in India. What lessons can modern universities learn from ancient ones to improve their effectiveness?","15",""],[28,"What modern institutes concern from past","",""],[30,"Q13 Analyze the ideological differences and similarities between the revolutionary movement (1920-1930s) and the Gandhian non-violent struggle. How did these two ideologies influence each other?","15",""],[33,"Q14 What are the various types of glacial landforms formed in the Indian Himalayas. How do these features impact local ecosystems and human activities?","15",""],[36,"Q15 Discuss the unique geographical features of the Indian Ocean and their impact on global oceanic circulation patterns. How do these features influence the climate of the Indian subcontinent?","15",""],[39,"Q16 Urban heat islands (UHIs) have become a significant phenomenon in Indian cities, exacerbating the frequency and intensity of heat waves. Analyze the underlying factors contributing to this phenomenon and critically assess the existing mitigation strategies.","15",""],[42,"Q17 Evaluate the primary factors contributing to regional disparities in the sugar industry between North India and Peninsular India. What measures can be undertaken to reduce the surplus sugar production?","15",""],[45,"Q18 'Social mobility is essential for achieving true equality within society'. In this context highlight the barriers to intergenerational mobility in Indian society, and examine the role of education on social mobility.","15",""],[48,"Q19 Analyze the influence of globalization on migration patterns in India. What are the economic and social implications of increased internal and international migration?","15",""],[51,"Q20 Discuss how gender-based violence in India is a manifestation of patriarchal values. To what extent has modernisation in law served as an instrument of women's empowerment in this regard?","15",""]]},{"i":613,"t":"R Rangamanju","c":"Nextias","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/4/mts-flt-test-2-rangamanju-1745409296366.pdf","q":[[4,"Q1 The rule of law and judicial review are interdependent, as one cannot truly exist without the other. In this context can judicial review be considered the most important aspect among those that constitute the basic structure of the Constitution?","10","150"],[6,"Q2. How does the power and authority of Delhi's lieutenant governor compare to that of the governors of other states, particularly in terms of acting on the aid and advice of the council of ministers?","10","150"],[7,"Where LG Delhi is superior","",""],[8,"Q3. Discuss the role of the judiciary in navigating the tension between the right to religion and constitutional morality in India in recent times. Refer to relevant case laws.","10","150"],[10,"Q4 The principle of 'Separation of Powers' is a key feature of the American Constitution. In this context, compare how the Indian Constitution's functional separation of powers distinguishes itself from the US system. What are the advantages of a check and balance system over a rigid Separation of Powers?","10","150"],[12,"Q5. The Sixth Schedule of the Indian Constitution is more than a legal provision that empowers tribal regions with self-rule. How does the sixth schedule foster development while respecting their traditional governance systems and cultural practices?","10","150"],[14,"Q6 How do partnerships between Civil Society Organizations and Government Entities contribute to India's development goals?","10","150"],[16,"Q7 Discuss the importance of cultivating a culture of life-long learning among Indian civil servants. How has Mission Karmyogi contributed to this objective? Illustrate with examples.","10","150"],[18,"Q8 Given India's strides in reducing extreme poverty, should the country consider redefining its poverty line to better reflect the current socio-economic realities? Discuss the potential benefits and challenges associated with redefinition of the poverty line.","10","150"],[20,"Q9 Evaluate the impact of the deepening political divisions with the major Western States on global governance and international cooperation. How should India navigate these divisions to advance its national interests on the global stage?","10","150"],[22,"Q10 How does India's Arctic Policy align with its broader foreign policy objectives? Broadly discuss the collaborations and agreements India is involved in with the Arctic Council.","10","150"],[24,"Q11. In what ways are the terms of reference of the 16th Finance Commission different from that of the previous Finance Commissions? Despite increasingly progressive devolution by subsequent Finance Commissions, examine the factors that propel economic disparities across various States.","15","250"],[27,"Q12 Compare and contrast the powers and working of the Ethics Committee and the Privileges Committee in addressing cases of ‘unethical’ conduct and breach of privileges. How do these Committees complement each other in maintaining parliamentary discipline?","15","250"],[30,"Q13 In the context of persistent legislative dysfunction in India, analyze the evolving role of judicial activism in shaping public policy and governance. Using examples from landmark court cases, evaluate the effectiveness of judicial interventions in addressing governance gaps and safeguarding citizens' rights.","15","250"],[33,"Q14 To what extent does the level of internal democracy within political parties impact the functioning and legitimacy of the Indian party system? What reforms can address the challenges of inadequate intraparty democracy in India?","15","250"],[36,"Q15 \"The NHRC must not only be a watchdog but also a beacon of hope for the marginalized and oppressed.\" In this context discuss the role and mandate of the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) in India. How does the current composition and functioning of the NHRC affect its independence and effectiveness?","15","250"],[39,"Q16 The persistent health equity challenges in India pose a critical barrier in achieving Universal Health Coverage. In this context discuss the role of the public and private sectors in ensuring adequate health access and outcomes across rural and urban areas.","15","250"],[42,"Q17 Achievement of Sustainable Development Goals requires consideration of regional context and local situations. In light of this statement examine the role of Panchayats as catalysts for grassroot development and advancing sustainable development.","15","250"],[45,"Q18 What are the implications of the POCSO Act on the rights and welfare of children in India? Analyze the role of the POCSO Act in transforming India's legal framework for child protection.","15","250"],[48,"Q19. Examine the influence of human rights issues and democratic values on the diplomatic relationship between the U.S. and India. How have these concerns affected bilateral engagements and what can be done to mitigate tensions arising from these issues?","15","250"],[51,"Q20 Examine the geopolitical challenges India faces in South Asia despite its global rise. How can India navigate these challenges to strengthen its regional leadership?","15","250"]]},{"i":614,"t":"R Sri Rusat","c":"Forumias","p":"Essay","y":2024,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/R-SRI-RUSAT-UPSC-2024-Rank-52-MGP-Sample-Copy-2.pdf","q":[[3,"1. When women and girls are equal, everyone is greater.\n2. No one can make you feel inferior without your consent.\n3. Man is still the most extraordinary computer of all.\n4. Time moves slowly, but passes quickly.","",""],[16,"1. Discontent is the first step in the progress of a man or a nation.\n2. The purpose of life is a life of purpose.\n3. Ignorance is the root and stem of every evil.\n4. The pen is mightier than the sword.","",""]]},{"i":616,"t":"Raghav Jhunjhunwala","c":"Forumias","p":"Essay","y":2025,"r":4,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/RAGHAV-JHUNJHUNWALA-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-4-Sample-MGP-Copy-2.pdf","q":[[3,"1. Institutions reflect the cultural values of the societies in which they are established.","",""],[11,"The road to Heaven: why must it tread the path of Hell?","",""],[15,"1. A mind that is stretched by a new experience can never go back to its old dimensions.\n2. One health approach: a call for ecological equity.\n3. Culture can unite what history and geography has divided.\n4. Social evils have not completely left the ground, instead are changing their form.","",""],[29,"When must you seek mentorship?","",""]]},{"i":615,"t":"Raghav Jhunjhunwala","c":"Forumias","p":"GS3","y":2025,"r":4,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/RAGHAV-JHUNJHUNWALA-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-4-Sample-MGP-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) Investment in infrastructure is a precursor to social and economic transformation; however, the focus on economic gains must not marginalise the concerns for safety. Comment.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Do you think the low Female Labor Force Participation Rate presents a correct picture about the 'working women' in India's economy? Give reasons in support of your answer.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) Outcome budget convert outlays into outcomes. Examine various advantages and disadvantages of outcome budgeting and assess its status in the country.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) What do you understand by inclusive growth? Is economic growth sufficient to ensure inclusive growth?","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) Evaluate the Hybrid Annuity Model (HAM) in addressing the challenges of Public Private Partnership (PPP) in the country.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) Analyse the role of fisheries in nutrition security, livelihood generation, and economic growth. What are the major challenges faced by the fisheries sector?","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) In what ways can precision agriculture become a panacea for multipronged challenges plaguing the agriculture sector? Discuss. Also, analyse various impediments in widespread adoption of precision farming in India.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) Agriculture subsidy regime in its present form fuels economic inefficiency and creates ecological imbalance. In this perspective, examine various issues related to farm subsidies. Also, recommend measures to rationalise the same.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9 Despite their flaws in limiting access to larger market and poor price realization for agricultural produce, APMCs have their utility. Analyse the statement and suggest reforms in agriculture marketing in the country.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10) Cropping pattern in the country does not concur with the agro-climatic reality, leading to unintended and undesirable consequences. Comment.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11 Labour and export intensive industries are key to problems of jobless growth. In this perspective, analyse the opportunities and challenges associated with the textile sector.","15","250"],[25,"What are the pertinent challenges?","",""],[26,"Q.12) What do you understand from Liberalisation, Privatisation and Globalisation (LPG)? Examine the effects of LPG reforms on different sectors of Indian economy.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13) In the financial year 2021-22, Indian merchandise exports have crossed the 400 billion USD mark. Identify the reasons for this spectacular performance of Indian exports and suggest reforms to further boost the exports.","15","250"],[30,"* What more reforms are required","",""],[32,"Q.14) Examine the advantages of adopting new computation methodology for calculation of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in 2015. Also, discuss the limitations of using GDP as a measure of development of a country.","15","250"],[34,"5 What are some better methods","",""],[35,"Q.15 In an era of interconnected challenges, the emerging global polycrisis poses significant implications for India's macroeconomic stability. Examine and suggest measures to make the Indian economy more resilient to global shocks and challenges.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16) What are the reasons for increasing emphasis on the horticulture sector in recent years? Evaluate government measures for the development of the horticulture sector.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17) Despite the potential to check the triple whammy of nutritional deficiency, environmental degradation and receding farm incomes, the adoption of Millets has been abysmally low. Analyse.","15","250"],[43,"3) What can be done further?\n1) Millet-based Food Processing Potential in India - Avenues in Domestic + Abroad\n2) Suitable Govt. policy support - PM-ASHA procurement or atleast Difference payment, Better Public Investment - APMCs, storage, etc.\n3) Awareness Generation\n4) At Fasal-Bima to encourage Production","",""],[44,"Q.18 Reforms in Public distribution system (PDS) and Food Corporation of India (FCI) are two sides of the same coin. Discuss the statement along with suitable reforms in PDS and FCI.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 Discuss the rationale behind declaring Minimum Support Price (MSP) and various issues related to MSP regime in the country. Do you think that providing legal backing to MSP is necessary and sufficient for making farming financially sustainable?","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 A link between unorganized farming community and formal industrial sector, FPI can play a key role in advancing the rural economy. Evaluate.","15","250"]]},{"i":617,"t":"Rahul Kumar","c":"Vision","p":"Essay","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/5622e-430778_1256_rahul_kumar_rank_141.pdf","q":[[3,"1. Achieving Balanced Regional Development in India: Challenges and Strategies","",""],[16,"5. \"Good government is No Substitute for Self Government\" - M.K. Gandhi","",""]]},{"i":618,"t":"Rahul Kumar","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/c74df-430778_1416_rahul-kumar_rank_141.pdf","q":[[30,"3) Preservation of flora and fauna through aim of carbon neutral economy","",""]]},{"i":619,"t":"Rahul Patil","c":"Forumias","p":"Essay","y":2025,"r":224,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/RAHUL-J-PATILUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-224-Sample-ESSAY-1.pdf","q":[[3,"1. True leadership lies in serving not ruling.\n2. Democracy is not just the right to vote, it is the right to live in dignity.\n3. Growing regional aspirations and demand for greater autonomy: A challenge to Indian federalism.\n4. The ballot is stronger than the bullet.","",""],[16,"1. The great aim of education is not knowledge but action.\n2. The global south must redefine development through cooperation and justice.\n3. There is no health without mental health.\n4. If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich.","",""]]},{"i":620,"t":"Rahul Patil","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2025,"r":224,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/RAHUL-J-PATILUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-224-Sample-MGP-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) To what extent, in your opinion, have the ideals of the Preamble been realised in the country's 75-year constitutional journey?","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) The evolution of property rights in India reflects an intricate relationship that exists between individual rights and public welfare. Discuss this statement with the help of relevant constitutional provisions and case laws.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3 Under what conditions can the ‘National’ Emergency be proclaimed by the President of India? What are the consequences when such a proclamation remains in force? When was it last imposed in the country?","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) 'Lack of a binding framework for pre-legislative consultations in India limits citizen engagement in the lawmaking.' Propose measures to strengthen the role of public consultation in the legislative process.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5 'The recommendations of the 15th Finance Commission have enabled the States to improve their fiscal conditions.' Comment.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6 In what ways do industry and business associations contribute to socio-economic development in the country? Explain with suitable examples.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7 \"India's poverty lies in the eyes of the beholder.\" In light of this statement, examine the need for a credible and periodically updated poverty estimation framework in the country.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) The Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act, 2012 falls short of achieving its intended objectives. Comment.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9) 'Starved of funds, shackled by geopolitics, WHO is facing a crisis of capacity and credibility.' Discuss the statement in the light of USA's withdrawal and its accusation of the health body of being 'biased towards China and mishandling the COVID-19 pandemic'.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10) The world continues to operate in a 'my terrorist' versus 'your terrorist' paradigm. Explain. What strategies would you suggest to develop a unified, comprehensive, and rules-based global approach to tackle the menace of terrorism?","10","150"],[23,"Q.11 Briefly explain the procedure laid down in the Representation of the People Act (RPA), 1951 for the registration of political parties with the Election Commission of India (ECI). What are Registered Unrecognised Political Parties (RUPPs)? What concerns are associated with them? Does the ECI have powers to de-register a political party?","15","250"],[26,"Q.12) Assess the role of NITI Aayog over the past decade in promoting cooperative and competitive federalism.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 'The post of Deputy Speaker goes beyond ceremonial significance and is indispensable to Indian parliamentary democracy.' Discuss with relevant constitutional provisions and conventions. Also, examine the implications of the prolonged vacancy of the Deputy Speaker's post.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 Is the growing demand for stricter regulation of online content justified, or does it pose a threat to the right to freedom of speech and expression? Examine in light of recent judicial pronouncements.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 Critically examine the 'in-house procedure' adopted by the Apex Court to inquire into allegations of misconduct against judges of constitutional courts in India.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16 Recent controversies over alleged malpractices in the electoral rolls have renewed demands for the mandatory linkage of Aadhaar with Voter ID. What is your opinion? Give reasons in support of your answer.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 Lateral entry into civil services is seen as a reformative step, yet it continues to attract criticism and controversy. Discuss.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 While rankings aim to benchmark the performance of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs), concerns remain about whether current ranking frameworks reflect the broader goals of education. Suggest measures to make the ranking system more objective, inclusive, and aligned with educational and societal outcomes.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19) Examine the factors behind the growing salience of the Arctic region in international politics. Discuss, in this context, strategies for India to recalibrate its Arctic engagement. (15 marks, 250 words)","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 Bangladesh is a key pillar of India's Neighborhood First policy, but recent developments on both sides threaten to disrupt the 'Sonali Adhyay' in bilateral relations. Analyze.","15","250"]]},{"i":621,"t":"Rahul Patil","c":"Forumias","p":"GS3","y":2025,"r":224,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/RAHUL-J-PATILUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-224-Sample-MGP-2.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1 \"Inclusive growth is both a process and an outcome, ensuring that everyone has access to the benefits of economic growth.\" Discuss in Indian context.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Green budgeting integrates environmental considerations into the fiscal framework, ensuring that government budgets contribute to sustainable development. Elucidate.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) Discuss the various challenges faced by Indian Railways. To what extent, in your opinion, can privatization help in addressing these challenges?","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) What is the significance of Industrial Corridors in India? Identifying industrial corridors, explain their main characteristics.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) Though a critical component of India's growth engine, MSMEs grapple with multitude of challenges. Discuss. Also, suggest measures to support the growth of the MSME sector.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6 A robust and thriving food processing sector can address multiple issues plaguing Indian agriculture. Elucidate.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) Discuss how nuclear technology can be leveraged in enhancing food security and agricultural sustainability.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) \"India's heavy reliance on imported edible oils, stemming from multiple factors, calls for a comprehensive approach to boost domestic production and reduce this dependency.\" Elaborate.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9 What are the reasons for the huge growth of services vis-a-vis industry in the country? Explain the significance of a strong industrial base for self-reliant India ('Atmanirbhar Bharat')?","15","250"],[21,"Q.10 Fintech's transformative capacity in fostering financial inclusion is evident but unlocking its full potential demands addressing key challenges. Discuss.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11) Despite being a progressive tax, only a small fraction of the adult population files income tax returns, and an even smaller segment pays taxes. Explore the factors that contribute to low tax compliance in India. Additionally, discuss ways to improve direct tax collection in the country.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12) The HAM model, amalgamating attributes of EPC and BOT, emerges as a pragmatic approach for advancing infrastructure development in the country. Explain.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 The economic reforms of 1991 marked a significant leap forward for India's economy, ushering in a new era of liberalization, privatization, and globalization; however, as India marches towards 'Viksit Bharat' (developed India), the need is felt for 'Reforms 2.0'. Comment.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 Explain the significance of agricultural marketing in the country. Outlining the key challenges it faces, suggest reforms to address them.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 India's ambitions for self-reliance in defence sector are commendable, yet the pace of technological indigenization has been sluggish. In light of the statement, discuss the key challenges faced by the country in indigenizing the defence sector. Also, mention the initiatives taken by the government in this regard.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16 Effective multimodal transport is key to improving logistics efficiency, reducing transportation costs, and minimizing environmental impacts through decreased congestion and pollution. Elaborate. Also, suggest measures to ensure efficient multi-modal transport in the country.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17) The rationale behind the MSP system is well acknowledged, but it requires comprehensive reforms to mitigate the unintended consequences on the market and environment. Analyse.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 Farm mechanization can drive rural prosperity and sustainable farming, but its widespread adoption is hindered by various factors. Discuss. Also, mention initiatives taken by the government to promote farm mechanization in the country.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 The transition from the green revolution to an 'evergreen revolution' is essential for sustainable agricultural growth. In this context, examine the impact of green revolution on Indian agriculture. What measures can be taken to usher in evergreen revolution?","15","250"],[50,"Q.20) The textile sector in India offers vast opportunities for growth, but the realization of its true potential is hindered by a multitude of challenges. Analyse.","15","250"]]},{"i":622,"t":"Rahul Patil","c":"Forumias","p":"GS3","y":2025,"r":224,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/RAHUL-J-PATILUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-224-Sample-MGP-3.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) How can quantum technologies optimize production processes and improve efficiency in the manufacturing sector?","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) What is NISAR mission? How will it help in climate change monitoring and natural hazard management?","10","150"],[7,"Q.3 Integration of the Internet of Things (IoT) into our lives can change our world for the better, but it comes with its own set of risks and challenges. Elaborate.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) Explain the 'Raman Effect' discovered by Sir C.V. Raman and show how it revolutionized the field of molecular physics.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) Biofuels can play a role in energy security by reducing India's reliance on imported fossil fuels and diversifying its energy mix. Examine.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) Define Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and bring out its significance in promoting sustainable development in the country.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) \"Integrating technology at various stages of disaster management can enhance the effectiveness of disaster response strategies.\" Elucidate.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8 The recent spike in terror-related incidents in Jammu and Kashmir has raised serious concerns within the country's security establishment. Highlighting the reasons for this spike, suggest steps to counter it.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9 Examine the role of the National Investigation Agency (NIA) in countering various internal security threats faced by the country.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10) While the operational advantages of Integrated Theatre Commands (ITCs) are well-acknowledged, the path to implementation is fraught with challenges. Discuss in context of India.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11) Biotechnology, by integrating biological sciences with technological innovations, offers comprehensive solutions to some of the most pressing challenges in food production, waste management and human health. Elucidate.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12) Describe how the Gaganyaan mission can help achieve India's broader national objectives. Also, throw light on the key challenges that the mission faces.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 The recent stampedes in the country highlight the multiple factors responsible for such tragedies. Elaborate. Also, outline the key aspects of NDMA's guidelines on \"Crowd Management\" to prevent such incidents.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 \"Mangroves contribute significantly to the coastal economy and ecology, but they are threatened by numerous factors\". Elaborate. Also, state the measures taken by the government for mangrove conservation and restoration.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 Despite notable improvements in India's disaster management framework since 2005, challenges persist in ensuring timely response and effective coordination during crises. Analyse.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16) Alongside the alarming depletion, rising pollution levels of groundwater resources are exacerbating the water crisis in India. In light of the statement, discuss the reasons for groundwater pollution in the country. Suggest remedial measures and mention the initiatives taken by the government in this regard.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17) Describe how the linkage between terrorism and organized crime poses challenges to internal security. What measures would you suggest to tackle this nexus and the threats emerging from it?","15","250"],[44,"Q.18) A range of interventions has led to improvement in the security situation in the North-East region of India, but several impediments to lasting peace still remain. Analyse.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 Examine the reasons for continuation of Left-Wing Extremism (LWE) in certain parts of the country. Also suggest multi-pronged strategy to tackle the menace of LWE.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20) An effective border management strategy hinges on the dual pillars of fortified security infrastructure and the socio-economic development of border communities. Discuss, with initiatives taken by the government in this regard.","15","250"]]},{"i":1016,"t":"Rahul Srivastava","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1584A05lYQJ11iIBayn-mtLluj5YUgZ0p/view","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) \"Ethics is not just a contemplative discipline. What we believe to be good or bad has implications on our actions.\" Discuss how different schools of ethics help us in making moral decisions.","10","150"],[5,"b) While one group considers abortion as unmitigated evil, the other sees it as morally acceptable. Analyse various ethical concerns related to abortion and give your opinion on the issue.","10","150"],[7,"Q.2) a) What lessons can be learnt from the life of Mahatma Gandhi for promoting social harmony in today's times?","10","150"],[9,"b) What is Kant's categorical imperative? How does it compare with the doctrine of Nishkama Karma?","10","150"],[11,"Q.3. a) Emotional intelligence (EI) not only helps in managing stress but also transforms distress into eustress. Elaborate with relevant examples.","10","150"],[13,"b) Differentiate between the following:\ni. Gratitude and Gratification\nii. Moral myopia vs Moral muteness","10","150"],[15,"Q.4) a) Although attitude and behaviour are interrelated, the former is a predisposition while the latter is an option. Discuss the structure of attitude and explain the relationship between attitude and behaviour.","10","150"],[17,"b) Greed is a bottomless pit which is harmful not only for self but for the entire society. Discuss. How can such negative desires be controlled?","10","150"],[19,"Q.5) What does each of the following quotation mean to you?\na) A man can give up a right but he may not give up a duty without being guilty of a grave dereliction.","10","150"],[20,"What happens if he gives up his duty?\n What happens if he gives up rights?","",""],[21,"b) Justice without force is futile, force without justice is tyrannical.","10","150"],[23,"6. a) Success may not lead you to happiness, but happiness is definitely the key to success. Discuss this statement based on your understanding of happiness and success.","10","150"],[25,"b) To delight in war is a merit in the soldier, a dangerous quality in the captain, and a positive crime in the statesman. - George Santayana. Can war be ethically justified? Discuss the moral principles related to war.","10","150"],[27,"Education is the kindling of a flame not the filling of a vessel. What do you understand by this statement? In your opinion, which five values should Indian education system inculcate in every student? Justify your choice.","10","150"],[29,"Q.7) Based on this case study, answer the following:\na) Identify various ethical issues involved in this incident.\nb) In your opinion, whether vaccine mandates are a violation of individual liberty or a reasonable restriction on personal freedom. Justify.\nc) Discuss the ethical responsibility of famous personalities while conducting themselves in public.","20","250"],[30,"3) Based on case study, identify ethical issues involved in the case.\na) Identify various ethical issues involved in the case.\nb) In your opinion, is vaccine mandate a violation of individual freedom or a justified restriction on individual liberty? Justify.\nc) Discuss the ethical responsibility of public figures while conducting themselves in public.","20","250"],[34,"Q.8 You have recently started working at your dream company. You have hired in the strategies department along with two other new joiners. All of you have just graduated out of college. You have very friendly relations with co-joiners. The three of you have been helping each other at work. The experience of working together has built strong camaraderie between the three of you. Your boss has publicly appreciated the strong team-spirit displayed by you and your colleagues.\nAt the annual review, you have been given a higher pay raise, and a more lucrative job profile. The promotion doesn't come as a surprise to you. You have worked beyond office hours more as a rule rather than as an exception. The project you worked at was adjudged 'the best project of the year in business impact' at the annual corporate awards. One of your co-joiners remarks, in presumably good humor, that you should suggest to your boss to allocate similar high impact projects to your friends as well. You also perceive suggestions towards the shared surname being the reason for special affinity of your boss towards you, indicating at the fact that your boss and you have the same caste. You feel hurt but you also try to think about the remarks with an open mind. You assess that the three of you have indeed worked hard with sincerity. One of your friends, in fact, worked very efficiently despite a personal tragedy at home. There was already a salary differential between you and your colleagues based on the pedigree of your college. The higher pay raise to you has expanded the differential pay structure further. You always considered the initial pay differential to be against the principle of equal pay for equal work. But now you feel your friends may not have been given equal opportunities as well.\na) You are inclined to the belief that efforts and talent of your colleagues have been under-appreciated and you start feeling guilty about your promotion.\nb) Based on the given information, discuss the options that are available to you for addressing the guilt. What are the merits and demerits of those choices? Which option would you choose? Justify.","20","250"],[39,"Q.9) Consider yourself in Kailash's position and answer the following questions:\na) How will you induce behavioral change to nudge people to move towards eco-friendly products?\nb) What factors will you have to consider while inspiring such a change?","20","250"],[40,"a) आप लोगों को पर्यावरण अनुकूल उत्पादों की ओर बढ़ने हेतु प्रेरित करने के लिए व्यवहार परिवर्तन को कैसे प्रेरित करेंगे?\nb) इस तरह के बदलाव को प्रेरित करते समय आपको किन कारकों पर विचार करना होगा?","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[44,"Q.10) Ashmita is a respected doctor who runs her own maternity clinic in a small town. She is a mother of two and her husband is also a doctor. Ashmita handles multiple cases of child delivery every day and is known for her compassionate treatment of patients. Her clinic enjoy a good reputation in town.\nAmong other expecting mothers, Shikha, daughter-in-law of an MLA, was admitted to Ashmita's maternity clinic for child birth. The MLA met Ashmita and expressed his confidence in her skills. He requested her to personally take extra care of Shikha, to which Ashmita agreed happily. Shikha unexpectedly went into labour in the early hours the next day. During this time, Ashmita was performing an emergency surgery on another patient, so she could not attend to Shikha. Shikha was taken care of by other qualified doctors and hospital staff. The MLA was visibly unhappy that Ashmita did not attend Shikha herself. Once the emergency surgery was completed, Ashmita joined her staff and attended Shikha. However, Shikha passed away due to excess bleeding from Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) during childbirth. Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is unpredictable heavy bleeding and Ashmita did everything that she could have done to try to save Shikha's life.\nThe MLA blamed Ashmita for Shikha's death. Ashmita was beaten by the MLA and his staff. When her husband tried to save Ashmita, he was dragged out of the hospital and thrashed. A police complaint was also lodged against Ashmita accusing her of murder due to negligence. For many days after the incident, she and her family faced constant harassment by police and supporters of the MLA. Ultimately, Ashmita could not take any more humiliation and committed suicide. The news of suicide by the doctor spread like wildfire. Indian Medical Association took cognizance of the case and warned nationwide strike of doctors if appropriate actions in this case were not taken.\nThe state government has appointed a committee to investigate the matter and recommend suitable actions. You are the Chairperson of this committee. In this scenario, answer the following:\na) Why do doctors face violence in the country?\nb) Identify various moral-ethical and administrative lapses in this case.\nc) What would you recommend in this case? Give rationale behind giving those recommendations.","20","250"],[45,"देश में डॉक्टरों को हिंसा का सामना क्यों करना पड़ता है?\na) इस मामले में विभिन्न नैतिक-नीति विषयक और प्रशासनिक खामियों की पहचान करें।\nb) इस मामले में आप क्या सुझाव देंगे? उन सिफारिशों को देने के पीछे तर्क दीजिए।","","20 अंक"],[49,"Q.11 On the basis of above case study, answer the following:\na) Identify various ethical dilemmas involved in this case study.\nb) What can be the other options to achieve justice in the given case, apart from demolition of the illegal towers? Evaluate each of these options and suggest the most suitable option.","20","250"],[54,"Q.12 Universal Sisterhood of Dreams (USD) is an NGO run by Ms. Anuradha Sen, a popular celebrity. The NGO champions the cause of woman and child rights including issues like trafficking of women and children, bonded labor, child labor, underpaid-forced labor etc. USD has won multiple awards for running a shelter and a rehabilitation programme for victims of human trafficking. Due to the good work and direct involvement of a famous personality like Ms. Anuradha, USD receives substantial donations from corporate houses and philanthropists.\n\nMs. Anuradha also owns a clothing brand 'Sensation' and uses the profits from Sensation for funding USD. The manufacturing of the merchandise sold under the brand has been outsourced to a thirdparty vendor located in a country named Taba. Taba is an under-developed country with weak labor protection laws. The textile industry in Taba is infamous for sweatshops. In these sweatshops working conditions are miserable, labors are paid meager wages for long working hours, child labor and bonded labor is rampant and workplace safety is absent resulting in frequent industrial accidents. Recently, there was a huge fire in a textile factory manufacturing goods for Sensation. Seventeen people including nine children were killed in this fire. After the industrial accident, the issue of exploitation of laborers in Taba became a matter of global debate.\n\nSensation is facing heat and bad publicity on social media because of the use of sweatshops for manufacturing of its products. Ms. Anuradha and even her NGO USD are becoming victims of online trolls. This entire fiasco has negatively impacted the image of her NGO. Many former donors and philanthropists have preferred to disassociate themselves from the USD resulting in fund shortage in the NGO.\n\nMs. Anuradha discusses the entire situation with her financial and legal team. Her legal team tells her that all the relevant laws in Taba were followed by her contractor and the wage paid by it was above the minimum wages prescribed by law. Sensation has done nothing illegal and has no legal liability in this case. But Ms. Anuradha decided that she will ensure that her contractors are paying adequate wages and providing good working conditions to their employees. This can help in not only rebuilding her own reputation and image of USD but also re-attract donors. However, her financial team advises her against this move as it will involve substantial cost for the company. This can lead to a profitable brand turning into a loss-making brand. Further, it will also negatively impact the finances for USD which is already facing a resource crunch. Lack of resources can lead to closure of the shelter home and rehabilitation programme run by her NGO. Now, Ms. Anuradha is in a dilemma about her future course of action.\na) Bring out and discuss various ethical dilemmas faced by Ms. Anuradha in this case.\nb) If you were in her position, how would you approach the problem and what would be your course of action? Justify your choices.","20","250"],[55,"a) Ethical dilemmas faced\n1) Personal Vs professional integrity of Anuradha\n2) Call of duty Vs call of conscience of Anuradha\n3) Conflict of interest in","","20 अंक"]]},{"i":1017,"t":"Rahul Srivastava","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1eKXYEKR36b4qk-qyI3PSEtwbg6MCbJJ3/view","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) Successful people are not those who did not fail, but those who persisted in turbulent times and kept moving after a failure. In light of this statement, examine the importance of adversity quotient in life. How can adversity quotient be developed?","10","150"],[5,"b) 'Strength does not come from physical capacity but from an indomitable will' - Gandhi. What does strength mean to you and how far do you agree with the given statement? Discuss with suitable example.","10","150"],[7,"Q.2) a) Differentiate between the following:\ni) Conscientiousness Vs. Conscience\nii) Guilt Vs. Remorse","10","150"],[9,"b) Good governance does not depend on laws, but upon the personal qualities of those who administer the law. Do you agree with this statement? Justify your view.","10","150"],[11,"Q.3) a) An active civil service is necessary but not sufficient; India also requires civil service activism for fulfilling the vision of 'justice, liberty and equality for all'. Analyze the statement citing relevant examples.","10","150"],[13,"b) Educational institutions complement the role of the family and the society in shaping our values. Discuss. Can digital education perform this value inculcation function effectively?","10","150"],[15,"Q.4) a) Gendered attitudes convert differences in sexes into discriminations. Examine the factors responsible for negative attitudes toward women in the Indian society. How can these attitudes be changed?","10","150"],[17,"b) How are ethical concerns and work culture of public institutions different from those of private institutions? Examine the desirability of adoption of work culture similar to private institutions in public institutions.","10","150"],[19,"Q.5) a) Besides objectivity, civil servants also need empathy and compassion to effectively resolve various ethical dilemmas they face while discharging their responsibilities. Discuss with suitable examples.","10","150"],[21,"b) Leadership is essentially a task of persuasion. How does ability to persuade others help civil servants in performing their duty? Identify five qualities that make civil servants effective agents of persuasion. Justify your choices.","10","150"],[23,"Q.6) a) What does each of the following quotations mean to you? Peace is not mere absence of war; it is presence of justice","10","150"],[25,"b) 'The world will not be destroyed by those who do evil, but by those who watch them without doing anything.'","10","150"],[27,"c) 'Happiness is a mysterious thing, to be found somewhere between too little and too much.'","10","10"],[29,"Q.7 Sunshine electronics is a domestic mobile manufacturer and you are its CEO. Sunshine electronics has made an affordable 5g phone with over 80% domestically sourced components. It has spent a large amount of money for promotion of the phone. General public is excited about the new phone and the company has already received over 1 lakh pre-launch orders from various online shopping portals. The achievement of the company has also received recognition from the highest political level and has been cited as a successful example of Atma-Nirbhar Bharat. The Central Minister of Electronics and Information Technology is the chief guest in the launch event of the new mobile phone.\nJust a day before the launch of the new phone, you received a call from the Chief Technology Officer (CTO) of your company. He informs you that the US has banned Huwu Technologies Pvt. Ltd. from doing business in the USA and a similar ban is expected to be imposed by the EU in the next few days. The ban on Huwu is based on a report claiming that Huwu has been working very closely with the Chinese government and there are technical 'backdoors' in the components made by Huwu that allows it to spy on users of the devices that have these components.\nThe new phone made by your company also uses a chip manufactured by Huwu. To fulfil the pre-orders in the shortest possible time, Sunshine Electronics has also manufactured around fifty thousand devices. Cancelling or postponing the launch event would be embarrassing for political dispensation and financially disastrous for your company. On the other hand, going ahead with the launch would mean potentially risking the privacy and security of your customers.\n1) On the basis of this case, identify the various ethical dilemmas involved.\n2) What principles of corporate ethics would you consider while taking the decision in this case?\n3) Examine various options available with you for handling the issue at hand. What will you do in the given case?","20","250"],[30,"1) इस मामले के आधार पर, इसमें शामिल विभिन्न नैतिक दुविधाओं की पहचान करें।\n2) इस मामले में निर्णय लेते समय आप कॉर्पोरेट नैतिकता के किन सिद्धांतों पर विचार करेंगे?\n3) समस्या से निपटने के लिए आपके पास उपलब्ध विभिन्न विकल्पों की जांच करें। दिए गए मामले में आप क्या करेंगे?","20 अंक","250 शब्द"],[34,"Q.8 Asanpur is a beautiful small district in Northern part of India. It used to be the hub of stone mining activity. However, excessive mining led to environmental degradation and rapid soil erosion while cutting of stone created air pollution hazard. Due to various detrimental impacts, NGT has imposed a ban on stone mining in Asanpur. Despite this ban, the mining mafia has been able to operate with connivance of corrupt government officials and politicians. Many officers have tried to stop this illegal mining, but the powerful mafia has either forced them to submit through force or bribed them or got them transferred through their political contacts. Last week, a DSP lost his life when he was trying to stop a truck carrying illegally mined stones.\nYou recently got promoted and made the SP of Asanpur. Upon taking the charge, you quickly realized the gravity of the problem. Illegal mining was run by organized gangs in the district. It was also linked to other crimes in your city ranging from petty crimes like pick pocketing to serious offenses like kidnapping and murders. Illegal mining and related crime have negatively impacted socio-economic development of the district as youth are increasingly getting involved in the illegal activities and businesses are leaving the district due to high crime rates. You created a special task force and started taking stringent actions against the illegal mining in your district. In a short span of a few weeks you seized thirty dumpers carrying illegally mined stones. Public appreciated your stringent actions while the corrupt ecosystem created by illegal miners was rattled.\nOne day, a junior officer approached you and informed you that he has been receiving threats from the illegal stone miners. He also informs you that others in the task force are also facing problems like someone in the task force is being harassed by reopening an old settled case against him while someone else has received a transfer order to a remote district. This has demotivated the taskforce and reminded them of the connections of illegal miners in the district. The same day, when you reach home, your wife tells you that she got a call from an unknown number threatening her of dire consequences if you do not stop your investigation. You fear that the call was from a member of the organized crime syndicate involved in the illegal mining activity. Your wife is worried about the safety of the family and requests you to be lenient in your work. In this situation, answer the following questions:\n1) How will you motivate the task force to work with honesty in this adverse condition?\n2) How would you justify putting your family at risk in line of your duty?\n3) Identify the various dimensions of the crisis. Based on your understanding, suggest measures to deal with the crisis.","20","250"],[35,"1) इस विपरीत परिस्थिति में आप टास्क फोर्स को ईमानदारी से काम करने के लिए कैसे प्रेरित करेंगे?\n2) आप अपने कर्तव्य के क्रम में अपने परिवार को जोखिम में डालने को कैसे उचित ठहराएंगे?\n3) संकट के विभिन्न आयामों की पहचान करें। अपनी समझ के आधार पर संकट से निपटने के उपाय सुझाएं।","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[39,"Q.9 Under the Mid- Day Meal (MDM) scheme, children are served cooked food in their school. It has been revolutionary in not only improving the nutritional status of children but also increasing the retention ratio in schools. However, the quality of food has been a cause of concern.\n\nIn one of the unfortunate incidents, two students lost their lives and over thirty children fell ill after eating the MDM in their school. The district administration was quick in its action and fired the cook (bhojan-mata) of the concerned school. The bhojan-mata, who belongs to a backward caste, is the sole breadwinner in her family after her husband passed away. In an TV interview related to the incident, Bhojan-mata claimed that she is being made a scapegoat and being targeted only because she belongs to a backward caste. This created a political storm in the state. Opposition parties picked up the issue of social discrimination and started state-wide protest demanding justice for the bhojan-mata. The protest found resonance with masses and the ruling party was severely criticized.\n\nTo win back the confidence of the public, the government has constituted a commission to investigate the matter in an impartial manner. You are a joint secretary level officer and have been appointed as a member of the commission. During the investigation, you found that bhojan-mata was indeed not at fault. It was the contractor who was supplying poor quality raw materials to the school that caused the food poisoning in children. You also found that the food contractor was the brother of a powerful cabinet minister. You suspect that the district administration was hand-in-glove with the contractor and they connived to implicate bhojan-mata and exonerate the contractor.\n\nYou brought these findings before the head of the commission. To your surprise, the head of the commission informs you that he was already aware of these facts. He informs you that the minister has asked him to make a report that vindicates the bhojan-mata and reinstates her in order to subdue the opposition led agitations. He asks you to find someone else who can be blamed to ensure that the government is able to save its face as declaring the brother of a sitting cabinet minister responsible would push the government further in trouble. He also tells you that helping the ruling dispensation would ultimately help you, subtly giving hints of getting a 'plum posting' and also warns you that going against the wish of the minister can attract the wrath of the minister that can be disastrous for your career.\n1) What are the various ethical dilemmas that you face in this situation?\n2) What are the different courses of action that you can take? Identify the most suitable course of action and justify your choice.","20","250"],[40,"1) इस स्थिति में आप किन विभिन्न नैतिक दुविधाओं का सामना करते हैं?\n2) कार्रवाई के विभिन्न कदम क्या हैं जो आप ले सकते हैं? कार्रवाई के सबसे उपयुक्त कदम की पहचान करें और अपनी पसंद का औचित्य साबित करें।","","20 अंक"],[44,"Q.10 Rashmi is a trained nurse and has an experience of over 20 years. She joined as a contractual nurse in a government hospital during the second wave of Covid-19. At the peak of the second wave of Covid, the health system of the country crumbled under the large number of infections. There was a severe shortage of not only items like medicine, oxygen cylinders etc but also of trained staff. To address the bed shortage, many temporary covid camps were established and to cope up with the dearth of trained staff, the government started hiring on contractual basis. Many nurses, computer operators, sweepers and others in support staff were temporarily hired for the covid period in accordance with outsourcing policy for emergency services at government hospitals. Due to their immense contribution in fight against the pandemic, they were recognized as 'corona warriors'. During their hiring, a verbal promise was made to them that, 'corona warriors' would be given preference in other government hirings. Rashmi signed a contract stating the term of her employment as three months, which was subsequently extended for three more months and so on. After a year, as the number of covid infections have declined, the government has closed many of the temporary camps. Vaccination drive has also shown a decelerating trend as the majority of the population has been inoculated with at least one dose. This has reduced the requirement of nurses, computer operators and other supporting staff. Rashmi was served a 15 day notice and her contractual employment was terminated. Government has cited that since covid wave has subsided, contractual human resource would be laid-off and the money saved would be used for augmenting health infrastructure in the country. Rashmi recalls her ordeal while taking care of patients during the second wave of Covid-19. She did continuous night shifts which usually stretched to 12-13 hours. Wearing PPE and 3 layers of masks for the entire period of duty made simple tasks like drinking water or using the washroom very difficult. Dealing with patients, some angry while others grieving, was an emotional drain. Rashmi also played a very important role in the vaccination drive, sometimes vaccinating more than 400 people per day. Many corona warriors contracted disease and died while doing their duty. Corona warriors have put their life on the line to save the country from the pandemic. But after termination of the contract, Rashmi feels that the government has acted with a 'use and throw' attitude. Rashmi and other corona warriors have started protesting near the health ministry, demanding permanent government employment. On the basis of this case, answer the following questions:\n1) What are the various ethical issues involved in this case?\n2) Do you think Rashmi is justified in demanding a permanent government job?\n3) Do you think the government is justified in terminating the contracts of corona warriors?\n4) Consider yourself in the position of Health secretary in the concerned state. What would you do to address the issue at hand?","20","250"],[45,"स्थायी सरकारी नौकरी की मांग को लेकर रशिम समेत अन्य कोरोना योद्धाओं ने स्वास्थ्य मंत्रालय के पास धरना शुरू कर दिया है। इस मामले के आधार पर निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर दीजिए :\n1) इस मामले में शामिल विभिन्न नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं?\n2) क्या आपको लगता है कि रशिम का स्थायी सरकारी नौकरी की मांग करना जायज है?\n3) क्या आपको लगता है कि सरकार का कोरोना योद्धाओं के ठेके खत्म करना जायज है?\n4) अपने आप को संबंधित राज्य में स्वास्थ्य सचिव के पद पर विचार करें। मौजूदा मुद्दे को हल करने के लिए आप क्या करेंगे?","","20 अंक"],[49,"Q.11 Abha is currently working as the DM of a district. One day, she went to a village for inspecting the progress of a certain village development project. Abha was not satisfied with the pace of the work and wanted to talk with the Sarpanch of the village about the same. Abha went to the panchayat office where she found the Sarpanch standing just outside the office. The Sarpanch greeted Abha and offered her a seat. Abha sat down and started discussing the matter with the Sarpanch. She noticed that Sarpanch was still standing. She thought that Sarpanch was not sitting because of hesitation or out of respect for the officer. She requested him to take a seat but he reluctantly sat on a wooden stool. Abha jokingly asked him if he liked the stool so much that he chose it instead of a chair, to which the Sarpanch replied that he was not allowed to sit on a chair as he belonged to a Dalit community. Abha was taken aback by this response. Abha enquired further about the issue. The sarpanch explained that since the Sarpanch position was reserved for SC community, he won the election. But despite being the official head of the panchayat, he did not have any power. He was neither allowed to enter the panchayat office nor was given access to official documents. A separate water pot was kept for him outside the office and he was not allowed to use the common water pot. He worked as a rubber stamp who merely signed the given document. He went on to tell Abha that last year he was not even allowed to hoist the national flag during the Independence Day celebration. Abha was shocked about hearing the kind of discrimination that the Sarpanch faced. On the basis of this case study answer the following questions:\n1) Why do caste-based discriminations still persist even after 75 years of independence?\n2) Examine the various ethical issues involved in this case.\n3) Identify various stakeholders and their responsibilities for creating an egalitarian society.","20","250"],[54,"Q.12) Jayant is a hard-working and dedicated IAS officer. He is currently posted in a remote district in North-East India. Jayant is married to Sarita who used to work as a software engineer before her marriage. Sarita is a well-educated and ambitious woman who wants to be known by her name and not only as the wife of IAS officer Jayant. Sarita wants to restart her career and has been searching for a suitable job for some time. She has found a good job in an MNC that pays well, but she will have to move to Bangalore for it. Sarita wants to take up this opportunity but Jayant's mother does not want Sarita to move to Bangalore. Jayant also wants Sarita to stay with him so that they can have kids and start their family. Sarita proposes that Jayant move with him to Bangalore as she will get a salary that is substantially more than Jayant's. Jayant and his mother found this proposal offending. Further, Jayant does not want to leave the job that he has dreamed of since his childhood and for which he has toiled hard. The entire issue has become a reason for daily fights between Sarita and Jayant, and has taken a toll on their married life.\n\nThe issues in personal life of Jayant have creeped into his professional life as well. He is not able to concentrate on his work which has resulted in his poor performance. Just a few days back, Jayant made a blunder and was scolded by his senior for being absent-minded in his work. His behaviour in office has also changed. Now Jayant gets easily irritated and often talks rudely with the staff in the office. This is negatively impacting the motivation level of his subordinates. Jayant is aware of his degrading performance and he thinks that he is failing both in his personal and professional life\n\nYou are a mutual friend of Jayant and Sarita. One day you received a call from a distressed Jayant and he asks you for your advice on this issue.\n1) Help Jayant identify different options available with him to cope with the crisis? Discuss the merits and demerits of each of these options.\n2) As a mutual friend, what advice would you give to Jayant and Sarita in this case so that they can return back to being a happy couple?\n3) How can Jayant develop the qualities that are required to handle such crisis situations in life?","20","250"],[55,"1) संकट से निपटने के लिए जयंत के पास उपलब्ध विभिन्न विकल्पों की पहचान करने में मदद करें? इनमें से प्रत्येक विकल्प के गुण-दोषों की विवेचना कीजिए।\n2) एक पारस्परिक मित्र के रूप में, आप इस मामले में जयंत और सरिता को क्या सलाह देंगे ताकि वे एक खुशहाल दंपति के रूप में वापस आ सकें?\n3) जयंत जीवन में ऐसी संकट स्थितियों को संभालने के लिए आवश्यक गुणों को कैसे विकसित कर सकता है?","20 अंक","20 अंक"]]},{"i":1018,"t":"Rahul Srivastava","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1miBW1OvWoFBPbFIfyNh_32TmeepSC1g9/view","q":[[3,"1) a) Ethical governance is the foundation of a welfare state. Identify essential ethical traits of a welfare state. Discuss ways and means to promote ethics in governance.","10","150"],[5,"3 Effective public service delivery requires a citizen centric system. Citizen's Charter is seen as an important tool to ensure such a system, but it is not achieving its objectives. Why? Discuss measures to make it more effective?","10","150"],[7,"Q.21 a) Conscience keeps ethics from fading when faced with a tough decision. Discuss in context of civil servants.","10","150"],[11,"Q.3) a) Differentiate between accountability and responsibility. Do you think responsibility without accountability is meaningful?","10","150"],[13,"Many examples of 'living the values' can be drawn from Swami Vivekananda's life, which are important for any civil servant. Highlight such values and illustrate how they can help in achieving civil services objectives.","10","150"],[15,"4) a) Civil servants should work for a cause and not for applause. In light of this statement, examine why bureaucratic anonymity is considered a foundational value for a civil servant. How far do you agree that the principle of bureaucratic anonymity has been diluted in the age of social media?","10","150"],[17,"b) The recent Covid 19 pandemic has reinvigorated the debate about 'compassionate capitalism'. Define the concept and explain its importance in the present times","10 marks, 150","10"],[19,"Q.5) What does each of the following quotation mean to you?\na) \"Individuals should cultivate noble traits so that socio-political organizations are free from highly despicable men.\" - Thirukkural","10","150"],[23,"6) a) Ethics in international relations is a myth, only national interest determines the foreign policy. How far do you agree with this statement? Discuss with suitable illustrations","10","150"],[25,"It is not power, but fear that corrupts. Fear of losing power corrupts those who wield it and fear the scourge of power corrupts those who are subject to it. Examine the statement in context of political corruption.","10","150"],[27,"3) Ethical work culture increases employee satisfaction and ensures organizational success. Elaborate in what ways can ethical culture be incorporated in an organization?","10","150"],[29,"Q.7 As you are a very good friend of Mayank. He discusses the matter with you, as he is trying for transfer from a long time. In this case answer the following:\na) Why such instance of corruption in government programmes are common across the country? How can they be prevented?\nb) Enumerate various interests involved in this case from the perspective of different stakeholders. What advice will you give to Mayank?","20","250"],[30,"a) Reasons for common instances of corruption?","",""],[34,"Q.8) You are an IFS officer who heads a diplomatic mission in a European country. You live there with your wife and children. Your parents and few of your relatives are also visiting you for vacation. The country is known for its scenic mountains and it is a popular destination for tourists. In an unexpected turn of events, the country in which you are posted has been attacked by its neighbour due to some unresolved bilateral issues. All the major transportation channels have been adversely impacted by the attack. Flights have been cancelled and airspace above the country has been declared unsafe for commercial aircrafts. You have received an urgent communication from New Delhi asking you to prepare a plan for evacuation of Indians from the besieged country. You have been informed that a friendly neighbouring country of India has sought India’s help to evacuate its citizens. Due to war, only a limited number of people can be evacuated in one go and multiple rounds would be required for evacuating everyone. You have identified following groups of people who are to be evacuated:\ni. You, your wife, children, parents and relatives.\nii. Diplomatic staff at the mission.\niii. Indian tourists visiting the country.\niv. Indian students studying in the country.\nv. A film crew and actors who were shooting a film in the country. These include some of the biggest names of Bollywood.\nvi. Citizens of the friendly neighbouring country that has requested India’s help.","20","250"],[39,"Q9 Rashmi is a young IPS officer who is posted as the SP law and order in a district that has a history of communal clashes. During a cultural event, a political leader made certain controversial comments regarding the religion of another community that can potentially harm communal harmony in the district. The representatives of the aggrieved community met Rashmi with their complaint. An FIR was registered in the matter and the police department promptly started an investigation. During questioning, the accused political leader denied the charges. He claimed that he was exercising his right to freedom of expression and had no intention of hurting anyone's feelings. He even offered to tender an apology if his statement had hurt someone's religious feelings. However, the aggrieved community was not satisfied with this apology and demanded strict action against the accused.\n\nThe next day, a video went viral on social media in which the accused political leader can be seen making derogatory statements against another religious faith. However, Rashmi suspects that the video going viral on the internet is a doctored video and someone has mischievously edited it to make it more vitriolic and inflammatory. The video has ignited communal tensions in the district. The accused political leader belongs to an influential community and his community has put their support behind him. Local intelligence has warned that some anti-social elements are trying to use this opportunity to create communal riot in the district. The entire matter has been politicized and is being covered by the national media. In this situation answer the following:\na) What differentiates a hate speech from a free speech?\nb) Why does social media have a very strong influence over the actions and thoughts of its users?\nc) What is the most suitable course of action for Rashmi in this situation? Justify.","20","250"],[44,"Q.10) You are the district magistrate of Kasigunj. The state government is pushing for digital solutions to improve health care delivery in remote areas. Government has introduced a digital patient registration and management system that can record disease history, prescribed treatment regimen, lab reports etc. The system can be accessed and operated through smart phones connected with the internet.\n\nASHA workers form the backbone of health and nutrition interventions in rural areas. To ensure that they can buy smart phones and assess the patient registration and monitoring system, the state government has provided a one-time grant of six thousand to them. Government is also providing 1 GB/day high speed data to ASHA workers. However, the new phone and internet is used more for streaming videos or browsing social network sites and after the lockdown, for attending online classes by their children.\n\nTo ensure that the phone and internet is being used for its intended purpose, the government has made it mandatory for every ASHA worker to download a new mobile application. The new mobile application allows officials to directly manage devices of ground-level public health workers. The application tracks daily work and provides insights on how a person uses the handset. The ASHA workers have gone on strike against this directive. They allege that the application violates the privacy of women and can monitor their personal conversations, access photographs, and record audio or video through remote access.\n\nThe new dispute and strike threaten to derail not only the digitization drive in public health services but also the recruitment of women as ASHA due to misgivings about invasion of privacy and misuse of technology. In this situation, following choices are available to you for resolving the crisis:\na) Abandon the requirement for mandatory downloading of the new application on smartphones.\nb) Stop providing free data to ASHA workers to avoid misuse of government resources.\nc) Take strict action against ASHA workers who are on strike. Suggest any other possible option(s). Evaluate all of them and suggest the best course of action, giving your reasons for it.","20","250"],[49,"Q11 The farmer unions in one of the states has called for mass protest owing to large number of arrears/their dues not being paid by the private sugar factories for the last two years. On the day of mass protest, farmers turned up in huge numbers and at several places the protest turned violent. There were instances of stone pelting, vehicle burning etc. The police were not able to control the violent protesters at some places and had to resort to lathi charge. But at one of the places police resorted to firing in which four farmers were killed. This further aggravated the situation as farmers at other places also resorted to violence to protest against police action.\n\nLooking at the intensity of the situation, under opposition pressure, one of the Minister of the state gave the statement that farmers did not die due to police firing but there were some anti-social elements amongst the protesters who fired in order to create unrest in the state.\n\nThis statement of the Minister instead of calming the protesters further angered them as some eyewitness testified to news channels about the deaths being the result of police firing. All this further projected government in bad light and the police action has come under severe criticism by various sections of intelligentsia. The public sentiment has started to sway in favour of the protesting farmers.\n\nThere is huge pressure on the government to diffuse the tension, address farmers' grievances and take action against the police personnel involved in firing at the protesters since the protesters have started blocking all the major state highways which has crippled the day-to-day routine of the people of the state. Further, there is danger that the situation may get out of control anytime.\n\nSuppose you are the district magistrate where the incident has taken place:\na) You have to address the press conference. What will be your statement to the media if it seeks clarification on whether people died in the police firing as stated by the state minister?\nb) What are the ethical issues involved in the case?\nc) What steps will you take to tackle the post-firing situation effectively?","20","20"],[54,"Q.12) Lithium is emerging as the new gold in the modern world. It is used extensively in making rechargeable batteries that are used across phones, laptops, electric vehicles etc. As the world is transitioning towards clean energy, demand for lithium is rising exponentially. India is dependent on imports for her lithium needs. Recently, a large lithium deposit has been found during a geological survey in Central India. According to initial estimates, the reserve is large enough to not only fulfill domestic requirements but also leave enough surplus for India to export lithium to other countries. The news of this discovery is covered by national media. This reserve can provide much needed impetus to adoption and development of green energy technologies in the country. Many prominent union ministers have expressed their desire for timely development of lithium mines and claimed that this discovery to be an outcome of their far-sighted governance and development model.\n\nAmit is a senior government official who has been appointed as project development officer for this mining project. During initial assessment of the project, Amit found that the discovered reserve lies inside a forest inhabited by tribals. This is a pristine forest, hitherto untouched by humans, other than indigenous tribal communities. This forest hosts a wide variety of flora and fauna, many of which are endemic. Further, the lithium reserve lies at the foothill of a hillock. This hillock has a small shrine where the deity worshipped by the tribals is located. Lithium mining in this area would mean destruction of forest, blasting of the mountain where shrine of the tribal deity is located and displacement of tribals. The tribal population is against this mining project. They consider this project as an assault on their way of life and culture. Intelligence report suggests that if these tribals are forcefully displaced and their shrine destroyed, they can become easy targets for the Naxal indoctrination and create a security nightmare for the state. On the other hand, Amit is facing political pressure for execution of this project and has been repeatedly reminded that not only this project is of national importance but also can be a stepping stone for his career.\n\nAmit is your colleague and a close friend. He asks you for your advice in this matter. Based on the described situation, help Amit identify various ethical dilemmas in this case. In your opinion, what is the most suitable course of action for Amit? Justify your choice.","20","250"]]},{"i":624,"t":"Rakhi","c":"Vision","p":"GS1","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/1093d-45942651_4510_rakhi_rank_65.pdf","q":[[6,"1. Folk music serves as a repository of the cultural identity. Discuss the role of folk music in preserving cultural heritage and promoting social cohesion. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[8,"2. How does the Vesara style of temple architecture represent a synthesis of the Nagara and Dravida styles? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[10,"3. Discuss the role played by Indians living abroad in advancing the cause of India's freedom struggle. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[12,"4. How did the Marshall Plan influence the economic recovery and political stability of post-war Europe? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[14,"5. Discuss the factors responsible for increased cyclonic activity in the Arabian Sea. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"6. How can technological interventions help in transforming the textile sector in India? What are the initiatives that the government has taken in this regard? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[18,"7. What is a seiche and how does it form? Discuss the geographical conditions under which seiches are most likely to occur. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[20,"8. How has rapid urbanisation affected the socio-cultural landscape of peri-urban regions in India? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[22,"9. Examine the role of historical and socio-political factors in driving communalism in Indian politics. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[24,"10. Globalization has significantly influenced the aspirations, lifestyle, and value systems of Indian youth. Discuss with suitable examples. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[26,"11. Examine how Chandragupta-II's reign symbolised a golden age of cultural development, laying the foundation for future advancements in Indian art and literature.","15","Answer in 250"],[29,"12. Evaluate the intended and unintended consequences of British educational policies for the Indian society in the colonial period. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[32,"13. India's territorial disputes after independence were not merely about borders, but also encompass issues of national identity, historical grievances, and geopolitical strategies. Discuss. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[35,"14. Discuss the geographical conditions responsible for the development of shola forests in the upper reaches of the Western Ghats. Highlight their ecological significance.","15","250"],[38,"15. Discuss the potential of natural hydrogen as a fuel to meet growing global energy demands? Why is it still an untapped industry? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[41,"16. Why is there a shift of labour-intensive industries from China to South and Southeast Asia? Discuss the advantages and challenges for India in this context.","15","Answer in 250"],[44,"17. Explain the socio-economic transformations resulting from women's migration to metropolitan areas in India. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[47,"18. The institution of marriage in India is increasingly becoming a site of conspicuous consumption and commodification. Critically examine the impact of this commercialisation on social equity and gender relations. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[50,"19. Analyse how recognizing, reducing, and redistributing care work can foster gender equality and promote inclusive development in India. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[53,"20. Discuss the changing nature of family structures in urban India. How is it impacting elderly care and socialization of the youth? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"]]},{"i":625,"t":"Rakhi","c":"Vision","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/ea16e-45942651_2714_rakhi_rank_65.pdf","q":[[3,"Q1. Delegated legislation is a pragmatic response to the limitations of the legislature but poses challenges to the separation of powers in India. Examine. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[5,"Q2. How does the federal structure of India differ from that of the United States?","10","150"],[7,"Q3. The Chief Election Commissioner and Other Election Commissioners Act, 2023 has sparked concerns about the erosion of the Election Commission's autonomy. Critically examine.","10","150"],[9,"Q4 Discuss the key objectives of the e-Courts Project. How does it contribute to enhancing access to justice and improving judicial efficiency in India? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[11,"Q5. Discuss the role of digital platforms in empowering SHGs and enhancing their market linkage and credit access. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[13,"Q6. Analyze the potential of the Institutions of Eminence (IoE) scheme in elevating India's higher education to global standards. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[15,"Q7. While income poverty has declined, nutritional poverty persists in India. How can the present food security interventions of the government be restructured to address this concern holistically? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[17,"Q8. Discuss the significance of the SMILE scheme in addressing the vulnerabilities of transgender persons and beggars in India. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[19,"Q9 \"जो महासागरों पर नियंत्रण रखता है, वह विश्व पर शासन करता है।\" इस कथन के आलोक में, भारत की समुद्री रणनीति में सागर (SAGAR) से महासागर (MAHASAGAR) तक हुए बदलाव पर चर्चा कीजिए।\nWhoever controls the oceans, runs the world. In this context, discuss the shift in India's maritime strategy from SAGAR to MAHASAGAR. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[21,"Q10. Evaluate the role of the India-UK FTA in facilitating greater market access and professional mobility. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[23,"Q11. Examine the role of inter-governmental institutions in facilitating cooperative dialogue and resolving critical governance challenges in India. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[26,"Q12. Despite being an important instrument of legislative initiative, Private Member's Bills rarely become laws in India. Examine the factors responsible for this trend. Also, suggest measures to strengthen the role of Private Members in the legislative process.","15","Answer in 250"],[29,"Q13. Discuss the major challenges in effective devolution of funds, functions, and functionaries to the Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) in India. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[32,"Q14. Lok Adalats and Alternate Dispute Resolution mechanisms have improved access to justice but face limitations in delivering substantive justice. Discuss. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[35,"Q15. Critically evaluate the Smart Cities Mission in achieving sustainable urban development and enhancing quality of life in India. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[38,"Q16. Assess the effectiveness of the Right to Information Act, 2005 in ensuring transparency and accountability in governance in the last two decades. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[41,"Q17. Despite progress in healthcare infrastructure and policy reforms, India continues to face critical challenges in the primary healthcare sector. Discuss. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[44,"Q18. What are the key objectives of the Pradhan Mantri Van Dhan Yojana (PMVDY)? How does the scheme contribute to the economic empowerment of tribal communities in India? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[47,"Q19 India-Bangladesh relations, once marked by shared history and cultural proximity, are now shaped by strategic calculus, regional competition, and shifting domestic politics in both countries. Discuss.","15","250"],[50,"Q20. Critically examine the effectiveness of the UNSC in addressing contemporary crises related to international peace and security. What reforms are necessary to enhance its credibility and responsiveness? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"]]},{"i":626,"t":"Rakhi","c":"Vision","p":"GS3","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/0123f-45942651_4512_rakhi_rank_65.pdf","q":[[6,"1. Analyse the factors that have contributed to India's inclusive economic growth in the past decade.","10","150"],[8,"2. The Reserve Bank of India's surplus transfers offer the government much-needed fiscal space, yet they are not without challenges. Critically examine the implications of the RBI's surplus transfers to the government. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[10,"3. To what extent was the first National Monetization Pipeline (NMP) able to meet its objectives? What are the objectives of the new Asset Monetization Plan 2025–30 as announced in the recent 2025 Budget?","10","150"],[12,"4. Examine the major challenges hindering the Indian textile industry from achieving its full potential in the global value chain. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[14,"5. Why has India become increasingly import-dependent for edible oils despite being a major agricultural economy? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"6. Air accidents are low-frequency but high-impact events. Examine the disaster management protocols in place for aviation-related emergencies in India. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[18,"7. Chemical pollution poses a grave threat to human health and the environment in India. Discuss the key sources contributing to pervasive chemical contamination and evaluate the effectiveness of existing environmental laws in curbing this problem. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[20,"8. Missile defence systems are becoming critical for national security in the face of evolving regional threats and advanced weapon technologies. Explain the working principle of missile defence systems. Critically assess India's progress in developing indigenous missile defence capabilities. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[22,"9. Despite multiple resolutions and initiatives undertaken by the United Nations Security Council (UNSC), its efforts to counter terrorism have achieved limited success. Discuss the reasons for this limited effectiveness.","10","Answer in 150"],[24,"10. India practices a ‘multi-alignment’ approach in its cyber diplomacy. How does this posture strengthen India’s internal security while maintaining strategic autonomy? (Answer in 150 words)","","150"],[26,"11. While examining the shortcomings of the land reforms in the past, elaborate what land reforms 2.0 should look like. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[29,"12. As NITI Aayog completes 10 years of its establishment, critically examine its role in the planning and development paradigm of governance in India. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[32,"13. What are the primary causes of limited formal credit penetration among the rural and unbanked populations in India? Comment on the effectiveness of Small Finance Banks in addressing this gap and advancing inclusive financial growth.","","250"],[35,"14. To what extent has the Production Linked Incentive Scheme for the food processing industry facilitated value addition, employment generation, and global competitiveness in India's food processing industry? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[38,"15. Waste circularity is emerging as a sustainable solution to India's mounting solid waste crisis. Discuss the key principles of waste circularity and the government's initiative in this regard. How effective have these measures been in fostering a circular economy? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[41,"16. Discuss the importance of integrating traditional ecological knowledge of India's tribal communities with modern disaster management frameworks. Mention two examples where indigenous practices have contributed to disaster resilience.","15","250"],[44,"17. CRISPR technology has rapidly advanced in recent years, with new tools and clinical breakthroughs. Highlight the recent developments in CRISPR-based gene editing technology applications. Discuss the opportunities and ethical challenges these advancements present for healthcare and society.","15","250"],[47,"18. A credible semiconductor ecosystem is pivotal for India's economic security as much as for national security. Analyse the strategic objectives, incentives, and institutional architecture of the India Semiconductor Mission (ISM). Identify the major risks that could derail its timelines.","15","Answer in 250"],[50,"19. Intricate inter-play of diverse factors has been the force multipliers for extremism in the North East. Discuss. Suggest a multilayered strategy to tackle the menace of extremism in this region.","15","Answer in 250"],[53,"20. Despite recent steps towards inducting women into combat roles, their participation remains low. Examine the key challenges impeding the greater inclusion of women in the Indian armed forces. Also, suggest suitable measures to enhance their participation.","15","250"]]},{"i":623,"t":"Rakhi","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/8a8d5-45942651_2720_rakhi_rank_65.pdf","q":[[3,"1. (a) Conscience serves as an immediate and active source of ethical guidance that cannot remain silent or postponed. Elaborate. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[5,"1. (b) Marital rape is frequently overlooked under the notion of marriage being a sacred institution. In this light, examine whether criminalising marital rape is necessary.","10","150"],[7,"2.(a) It is often argued that corruption has gained a degree of social acceptance in India. What steps can be taken to transform this social 'acceptance' into widespread 'rejection' of corrupt practices? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[9,"2. (b) Why has the anonymity of civil servants traditionally been considered a key feature of public administration? In this context, discuss your views on the relevance of the doctrine of facelessness in civil services.","10","Answer in 150"],[11,"3 Given below are three quotations of great thinkers. What do each of these quotations convey to you in the present context?\n3. (a) \"That which isn't good for the hive, isn't good for the bee\" - Marcus Aurelius (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[13,"3. (b) \"To educate a person in the mind but not in morals is to educate a menace to society.\" - Theodore Roosevelt (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[15,"3. (c) \"Every man must decide whether he will walk in the light of creative altruism or the darkness of destructive selfishness.\" – Martin Luther King Jr. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[17,"4. (a) Upholding human rights and humanitarian values is a collective duty of the global community. Discuss this statement with reference to the responsibilities of States in ensuring the protection of refugees. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[19,"4. (b) India's progress in the 21st century requires overcoming the colonial legacy embedded in its administrative system. Discuss with reference to the prevailing bureaucratic work culture.","10","150"],[21,"5. (a) Raja Ram Mohan Roy's progressive ideas on social and religious reforms continue to hold significance in contemporary India. Discuss.","10","150"],[23,"5. (b) Which business leader do you find most inspiring, and what ethical values or moral lessons have you drawn from their life journey? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[25,"6. (a) A Citizens' Charter is not an end goal but a tool to achieve accountable and transparent governance. Discuss.","10","150"],[27,"6. (b) The Right to Information (RTI) and the Right to Privacy (RTP) together enhance government accountability, yet their occasional conflicts can be balanced by prioritising public interest. Discuss.","10","150"],[29,"7. In the following questions, carefully study the cases presented and then answer the questions that follow (in around 250 words):\n(a) इस प्रकरण में कौन-कौन से नैतिक मुद्दे शामिल हैं?\n(b) इस स्थिति में प्रमुख हितधारकों और उनके परस्पर विरोधी हितों की पहचान कीजिए।\n(c) जिला मजिस्ट्रेट के रूप में, प्रशासनिक विवेक और राजनीतिक निर्देशों के बीच संतुलन स्थापित करते हुए प्रभावित ग्रामीणों की चिंताओं का समाधान करने के लिए आपके पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\n(d) वर्तमान गतिरोध का नैतिक और वैध तरीके से समाधान करने के लिए आप क्या कदम उठाएंगे? अपने निर्णय का औचित्य सिद्ध कीजिए।","","in around 250"],[30,"(a) What are the ethical issues involved in this case.\n(b) Identify the principal stakeholders and the conflicting interests in this situation.\n(c) As the District Magistrate, what options do you have to address the concerns of the affected villagers while balancing administrative prudence and political directions?\n(d) What steps will you take to resolve the current deadlock in an ethical and lawful manner? Justify your decision. (Answer in 250 words)\na) What are the ethical issues involved in this case.\nb) Identify the principal stakeholders and the conflicting interests in this situation.\nc) As the District Magistrate, what options do you have to address the concerns of the affected villagers while balancing administrative prudence and political directions?\nd) What steps will you take to resolve the current deadlock in an ethical and lawful manner? Justify your decision.","","250"],[35,"8 विदेश मंत्री ने आपको एक व्यापक प्रतिक्रिया रणनीति तैयार करने का दायित्व सौंपा है।\n(a) इस स्थिति में आपके सामने कौन-सी नैतिक दुविधाएं विद्यमान हैं?\n(b) इस संकट से निपटने के लिए आपके पास कौन-से संभावित विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\n(c) आप कौन-सा कदम उठाने की सलाह देंगे और क्यों? अपने उत्तर का औचित्य सिद्ध कीजिए।\n(d) विदेश में अपने नागरिकों की बेहतर सुरक्षा और भविष्य में ऐसे राजनीतिक संकटों का अधिक प्रभावी तरीके से प्रबंधन करने के लिए आप कौन-से संस्थागत सुधार या दीर्घकालिक उपाय सुझाएंगे?","",""],[36,"You have been tasked by the Foreign Minister to prepare a comprehensive response strategy.\n(a) What are the ethical dilemmas you face in this situation?\n(b) What are the possible options available to you to manage the crisis?\n(c) Which course of action would you recommend and why? Justify your response.\n(d) What institutional reforms or long-term measures would you suggest to better protect your citizens abroad and manage such diplomatic crises more effectively in the future?","","Answer in 250"],[41,"9 In this context, answer the following:\n(a) What are the key challenges faced by transgender individuals at different stages of life.\n(b) Despite several progressive laws and welfare schemes, why does social discrimination against transgender persons persist in India? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[46,"10. You are the CEO and founder of an edTech company currently facing intense financial pressure following a few poor acquisition decisions. Your investors are demanding significant cost-cutting measures, including mass downsizing, to restore profitability. They have also suggested that such steps would enhance the company's financial appeal and potentially unlock new investment, which is crucial in the current unstable market environment with declining funding opportunities.\n\nHowever, you are aware that abrupt layoffs could negatively impact employee morale, harm productivity, and damage the company's long-term reputation. Already, rumours of indiscriminate job cuts are spreading, creating anxiety and eroding team cohesion. Although you have expressed these concerns to the investors, they remain insistent on proceeding with layoffs.\n\nIn this context:\n(a) Identify the major stakeholders in this situation and outline the key ethical issues.\n(b) Your HR team has suggested four options. Analyse each by discussing its advantages and disadvantages:\n(i) Before implementing layoffs, recognize and retain high-performing employees by securing their positions.\n(ii) Assign transitional roles or provide retraining to laid-off employees.\n(iii) Implement layoffs fully as per investors' instructions and manage the consequences by leaving investors out of the process.\n(iv) Focus on transparent communication during the layoff process to ensure fairness and maintain trust.\n(c) Apart from these options, propose a balanced and ethical course of action that you would adopt.","",""],[47,"(c) Beyond these options, propose a balanced and ethical course of action you would adopt. (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[51,"11 You are working as an Airworthiness Officer with the Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) and are responsible for conducting the safety audit of one of the country's leading airlines. During the course of your audit, you observe that a few aircraft operated by the airline fall short of certain International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) safety standards. These lapses are minor but include incomplete aircraft maintenance logs and shortcomings in crew training procedures.\n\nThe airline is owned by a highly influential business group known for its ethical track record and close political connections. The airline's representative assures you that these minor deficiencies will be corrected within a few months. Furthermore, your senior subtly advises you to ignore these small issues in the final report, highlighting the company's good reputation and timely assurance of corrective action.\n\nHowever, you are mindful of the fact that aviation safety protocols are designed to safeguard human life and even minor lapses can lead to serious consequences. You are faced with the duty of upholding professional integrity and public safety while navigating external pressures.\n\nIn this situation, answer the following:\n(a) Discuss the ethical dilemmas you face.\n(b) What are the options available to you? Evaluate the pros and cons of each, and explain which one you would choose and why. (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[56,"12 In this context, answer the following questions:\n(a) Why is it important for modern businesses to adopt strategies addressing climate change and promoting diversity and inclusion? Discuss with examples.\n(b) Do you think businesses should prioritise socio-environmental responsibilities over maximising shareholder profits? Present your reasoning.\n(c) How can companies align profit-making goals with ethical and sustainable business practices?","","Answer in 250"]]},{"i":627,"t":"Ram Singh","c":"Nextias","p":"GS3","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/17ef4fb3aefb378e39a7d318fca39819/75/mt23macen007_tc061.pdf","q":[[1,"Q.1 Reason has always existed, but not always in a reasonable form.","",""],[13,"Q.5 International Trade is a good indicator of National Security.\nQ.6 It is not that we use technology, we live technology.\nQ.7 There is more to life than simply increasing its speed.\nQ.8 Nature is neither a servant nor a master, but a necessary partner.","",""],[24,"D If not wealth, what is opposite of Poverty?","",""]]},{"i":628,"t":"Rasneet Kaur","c":"Visionias","p":"Essay","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/0c8d7-46054445_4514_rasneet_kaur_rank_51.pdf","q":[[5,"Write two essays, choosing one topic from each of the Sections A and B, in about 1000-1200 words each :\n1. You may have to fight a battle more than once to win it.\n2. In matters of conscience, the law of the majority has no place.\n3. He who opens a school door, closes a prison.\n4. Only in the depths of winter can we truly appreciate the warmth of spring.\n5. We cannot always build the future for our youth, but we can build our youth for the future.\n6. Copying is safe; innovation demands courage.\n7. The more we automate, the more human we must become.\n8. The pursuit of instant validation is creating a generation of restless minds.","125 x 2 = 250","1000-1200 words each"],[6,"1. You may have to fight a battle more than once to win it.","",""],[7,"What does the \"winter\" really signify?","",""],[26,"Therefore, what is the cure for this Generation of Restless Minds?","",""],[28,"But do we really need validation from others?","",""]]},{"i":630,"t":"Rasneet Kaur","c":"Vision","p":"GS1","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/565c8-46054445_4510_rasneet_kaur_rank_51.pdf","q":[[6,"1. Folk music serves as a repository of the cultural identity. Discuss the role of folk music in preserving cultural heritage and promoting social cohesion.","10","Answer in 150"],[8,"2. How does the Vesara style of temple architecture represent a synthesis of the Nagara and Dravida styles? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[10,"3. Discuss the role played by Indians living abroad in advancing the cause of India's freedom struggle. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[12,"4. How did the Marshall Plan influence the economic recovery and political stability of post-war Europe? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[14,"5. Discuss the factors responsible for increased cyclonic activity in the Arabian Sea. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"6. How can technological interventions help in transforming the textile sector in India? What are the initiatives that the government has taken in this regard?","10","150"],[18,"7. What is a seiche and how does it form? Discuss the geographical conditions under which seiches are most likely to occur.","10","150"],[20,"8. How has rapid urbanisation affected the socio-cultural landscape of peri-urban regions in India? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[22,"9. Examine the role of historical and socio-political factors in driving communalism in Indian politics. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[24,"10. Globalization has significantly influenced the aspirations, lifestyle, and value systems of Indian youth. Discuss with suitable examples.","10","150"],[26,"11. Examine how Chandragupta-II's reign symbolised a golden age of cultural development, laying the foundation for future advancements in Indian art and literature. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[29,"12. Evaluate the intended and unintended consequences of British educational policies for the Indian society in the colonial period. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[32,"13. India's territorial disputes after independence were not merely about borders, but also encompass issues of national identity, historical grievances, and geopolitical strategies. Discuss.","15","250"],[35,"14. Discuss the geographical conditions responsible for the development of shola forests in the upper reaches of the Western Ghats. Highlight their ecological significance.","15","Answer in 250"],[38,"15. Discuss the potential of natural hydrogen as a fuel to meet growing global energy demands? Why is it still an untapped industry? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[41,"16. Why is there a shift of labour-intensive industries from China to South and Southeast Asia? Discuss the advantages and challenges for India in this context. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[44,"17. Explain the socio-economic transformations resulting from women's migration to metropolitan areas in India. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[47,"18. The institution of marriage in India is increasingly becoming a site of conspicuous consumption and commodification. Critically examine the impact of this commercialisation on social equity and gender relations.","15","250"],[50,"19. Analyse how recognizing, reducing, and redistributing care work can foster gender equality and promote inclusive development in India. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[53,"20. Discuss the changing nature of family structures in urban India. How is it impacting elderly care and socialization of the youth? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"]]},{"i":631,"t":"Rasneet Kaur","c":"Vision","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/3dc80-46054445_4511_rasneet_kaur_rank_51.pdf","q":[[6,"1. How does the Supreme Court's recent decision on Aligarh Muslim University's minority status affect the interpretation of Article 30 of the Indian Constitution? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[8,"2. The Supreme Court, in a recent verdict, prescribed a time period for the Governor's assent to state legislative bills. What are the implications of this judgment for cooperative federalism and legislative accountability in India? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[10,"3. Discuss the recent changes and initiatives related to cooperatives that aim to smoothen the tussle between the Centre and States in the cooperative sector. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[12,"4. In recent years, use of social media and digital mobilisation by civil society has emerged as a powerful form of pressure politics. Examine its impact on policymaking and democratic accountability.","10","150"],[14,"5. How is Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) emerging as a business-led solution for addressing development challenges in India? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"6. Discuss how mechanisms like public consultations and Jan Sunwais in India impact governance outcomes. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[18,"7. How effective have the National Action Plan for Drug Demand Reduction (NAPDDR) and Nasha Mukt Bharat Abhiyaan been in addressing substance abuse in India? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[20,"8. Rote learning and neglect of creativity in foundational education setup in India make it less ready for marketplaces that are now driven by Artificial Intelligence. Do you agree with this view? Substantiate your argument.","10","150"],[22,"9. Analyze the transformation of the G7 from a symbol of Western strategic unity to a forum marked by internal contradictions. How should India navigate this changing dynamic to advance its strategic interests? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[24,"10. Discuss the role of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in the development of developing countries. What are the key criticisms associated with its approach? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[26,"11. The 103rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 2019 has introduced a new dimension to the principle of affirmative action in India. Critically examine its implications for the broader goal of social justice.","15","250"],[29,"12. The District Planning Committee (DPC) was envisioned as a key instrument to strengthen grassroots-level planning. How far has it succeeded in achieving this goal? Discuss the challenges faced by DPCs and suggest measures to make them more effective.","15","250"],[32,"13. The restrictions imposed under Article 293 of the Constitution on State borrowing powers, though constitutionally valid, may hinder fiscal autonomy of States and disrupt cooperative federalism. Discuss in the light of recent developments. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[35,"14. Examine the tension between the right to contest elections and the need to uphold electoral ethics under the Representation of the People Act. Should there be a lifetime ban on convicted criminals? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[36,"# TENSION Between Right to Contest and need to Uphold electoral ethics\n1) Money and Muscle power gets promoted if everyone allowed to contest.\n2) criminal and frivolous elements may take advantage over others.\nIn this light ; Two Arguments\n1 LIFETIME BAN ON CONVICTED CRIMINALS :","",""],[38,"15. To what extent has the Beti Bachao Beti Padhao (BBBP) scheme, launched in 2015, succeeded in addressing the declining child sex ratio and empowering the girl child? Suggest measures to enhance its impact at the grassroots level.","15","250"],[41,"16. Self-Help Groups (SHGs) are emerging as vehicles of socio-economic transformation in rural India. Examine the role of government in scaling their reach and effectiveness. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[44,"17. Despite economic growth, multidimensional poverty continues to persist in India. Analyse the underlying causes and discuss the measures taken by the government to address them. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[47,"18. India faces a paradox of food surplus and nutritional deficit. Analyse the structural reasons behind this paradox and suggest reform strategies. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[50,"19. India's timely response during the economic crises in Sri Lanka and the Maldives reflects its \"Neighbourhood First\" policy in action. Examine how Indian aid has impacted bilateral ties with these nations. What steps can further be taken to promote sustainable economic cooperation in the Indian Ocean region? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[53,"20 Discuss the geostrategic significance of Afghanistan for India in the context of continental connectivity and access to Central Asia. How has the altered political landscape post-2021 affected India's connectivity and energy corridor ambitions?","15","250"]]},{"i":632,"t":"Rasneet Kaur","c":"Vision","p":"GS3","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/6347f-46054445_4512_rasneet_kaur_rank_51.pdf","q":[[6,"1. Analyse the factors that have contributed to India's inclusive economic growth in the past decade.","10","150"],[8,"2. The Reserve Bank of India’s surplus transfers offer the government much-needed fiscal space, yet they are not without challenges. Critically examine the implications of the RBI's surplus transfers to the government.","10","150"],[10,"3. To what extent was the first National Monetization Pipeline (NMP) able to meet its objectives? What are the objectives of the new Asset Monetization Plan 2025-30 as announced in the recent 2025 Budget? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[12,"4. Examine the major challenges hindering the Indian textile industry from achieving its full potential in the global value chain. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[14,"5. Why has India become increasingly import-dependent for edible oils despite being a major agricultural economy? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"6. Air accidents are low-frequency but high-impact events. Examine the disaster management protocols in place for aviation-related emergencies in India. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[18,"7. Chemical pollution poses a grave threat to human health and the environment in India. Discuss the key sources contributing to pervasive chemical contamination and evaluate the effectiveness of existing environmental laws in curbing this problem.","10","Answer in 150"],[20,"8. Missile defence systems are becoming critical for national security in the face of evolving regional threats and advanced weapon technologies. Explain the working principle of missile defence systems. Critically assess India's progress in developing indigenous missile defence capabilities.","10","150"],[22,"9. Despite multiple resolutions and initiatives undertaken by the United Nations Security Council (UNSC), its efforts to counter terrorism have achieved limited success. Discuss the reasons for this limited effectiveness.","10","150"],[24,"10. India practices a ‘multi-alignment’ approach in its cyber diplomacy. How does this posture strengthen India’s internal security while maintaining strategic autonomy? (Answer in 150 words)","","150"],[26,"11. While examining the shortcomings of the land reforms in the past, elaborate what land reforms 2.0 should look like. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[27,"LAND REFORMS 2.0 SHOULD LOOK LIKE :-","",""],[29,"12. As NITI Aayog completes 10 years of its establishment, critically examine its role in the planning and development paradigm of governance in India. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[32,"13. What are the primary causes of limited formal credit penetration among the rural and unbanked populations in India? Comment on the effectiveness of Small Finance Banks in addressing this gap and advancing inclusive financial growth.","","250"],[35,"14. To what extent has the Production Linked Incentive Scheme for the food processing industry facilitated value addition, employment generation, and global competitiveness in India's food processing industry? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[38,"15. Waste circularity is emerging as a sustainable solution to India's mounting solid waste crisis. Discuss the key principles of waste circularity and the government's initiative in this regard. How effective have these measures been in fostering a circular economy? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[39,"# GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES REGARDING WASTE CIRCULARITY","",""],[41,"16. Discuss the importance of integrating traditional ecological knowledge of India's tribal communities with modern disaster management frameworks. Mention two examples where indigenous practices have contributed to disaster resilience.","15","Answer in 250"],[44,"17. CRISPR technology has rapidly advanced in recent years, with new tools and clinical breakthroughs. Highlight the recent developments in CRISPR-based gene editing technology applications. Discuss the opportunities and ethical challenges these advancements present for healthcare and society.","15","Answer in 250"],[47,"18. A credible semiconductor ecosystem is pivotal for India's economic security as much as for national security. Analyse the strategic objectives, incentives, and institutional architecture of the India Semiconductor Mission (ISM). Identify the major risks that could derail its timelines.","15","Answer in 250"],[50,"19. Intricate inter-play of diverse factors has been the force multipliers for extremism in the North East. Discuss. Suggest a multilayered strategy to tackle the menace of extremism in this region. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[53,"20. Despite recent steps towards inducting women into combat roles, their participation remains low. Examine the key challenges impeding the greater inclusion of women in the Indian armed forces. Also, suggest suitable measures to enhance their participation.","15","250"]]},{"i":629,"t":"Rasneet Kaur","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/df294-46054445_4513_rasneet_kaur_rank_51.pdf","q":[[6,"1. (a) Compassion is the courageous choice to feel another's suffering as one's own, and to act upon it, even when silence is safer and indifference is easier. Examine the significance of compassion as an essential ethical value for civil servants in India. Illustrate your answer with suitable examples.","10","150"],[8,"1. (b) Marriages in India are transitioning from traditional sacramental unions to more autonomous relationships, reflected in live-in relationships and rising divorce rates. Discuss the ethical dimensions of these changes.","10","150"],[10,"2. (a) While accountability often necessitates documentation, an overemphasis on bureaucratic procedures and excessive paperwork can inadvertently silence the very voices that public policy intends to empower, particularly at the grassroots. Examine the above statement with suitable illustrations.","10","150"],[12,"2. (b) The principle of impartiality may conflict with the need for compassion towards marginalized communities. Discuss in the context of civil services in India.","10","150"],[14,"3 (a) What do each of the following quotations mean to you?\n \"The strength of a nation derives from the integrity of the home.\" - Confucius (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"3. (b) \"Act only according to that maxim through which you can at the same time will that it become a universal law.\"- Immanuel Kant (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[18,"3. (c) “We are not only responsible for what we do, but also for what we fail to do” - Molière. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[20,"4. (a) Patriotism encourages ethical questioning, while nationalism often suppresses it. Discuss this statement in light of the formation of political attitudes during high-pressure national events. How can individuals develop moral attitudes that balance national interest with ethical reasoning?","10","150"],[22,"4. (b) Discuss how employee well-being and fairness can be balanced with efficiency and profitability in private organisations.","10","150"],[24,"5. (a) Do you agree that excessive use of social media and emerging AI technologies may lead to a decline in emotional regulation and moral sensitivity among adolescents? Justify your answer.","10","150"],[26,"5. (b) In light of the increasing incidents of suicides among students in India, discuss how Emotional Intelligence (EI) can aid in managing stress and emotional challenges.","10","150"],[28,"6. (a) In public service, emotional intelligence is not about suppressing emotion, but mastering its purpose — to connect, to de-escalate, and to uplift others with empathy and strength. Do you agree with this view? Discuss.","10","150"],[30,"6. (b) An efficient work culture is built not only on rules, but on shared values. In this context, evaluate the role of leadership and team dynamics in transforming work culture within an organization.","10","150"],[32,"7 You are posted as the Joint Secretary in the Department of Information Technology of a state. The government recently implemented several citizen-centric digital services, collecting large volumes of personal data from residents. The Digital Personal Data Protection (DPDP) Act, 2023, requires that such data be processed only with explicit and informed consent, and mandates that processing must cease immediately upon withdrawal of consent.\n\nDuring an internal audit, you discover that the department continues to process and analyze personal data of several citizens even after they have formally withdrawn their consent. This data is being used for policy analytics and service improvement, purposes not explicitly disclosed at the time of data collection. When you bring this to the attention of your department head, you are informed that halting the processing will disrupt ongoing digital initiatives and may affect state-level performance metrics. Moreover, you find that the consent withdrawal process is cumbersome, and many citizens are unaware of their rights under the DPDP Act.\n\nYou also learn that a prominent social activist is planning to file a complaint with the Data Protection Board against involuntary use of personal data, which could attract public scrutiny and legal action against the department.\n(a) Identify and discuss the ethical issues involved in this case.\n(b) What are the potential consequences for the department if the issue is not addressed transparently?\n(c) How would you balance the need for efficient public service delivery with the obligation to protect citizens’ data rights? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[37,"8 You are an IAS officer, currently serving as the Secretary of the Public Works Department in a hill state. Recently, a disturbing incident has come to light involving a senior Cabinet Minister and two engineers of the National Highways Authority of India (NHAI). During an inspection of a critical highway project, the Minister was allegedly seen on video physically assaulting and verbally abusing the engineers in full public view. The video, recorded by bystanders, went viral on social media and was widely covered by television channels, sparking both outrage and support from different sections of society. The Minister later defended his actions, alleging that the officials were corrupt, unresponsive to local grievances, and responsible for inordinate delays in the project. He insisted that his actions were driven by public frustration and the urgency of delivering infrastructure to a remote region.\n\nHowever, the engineers have filed a police complaint and written to their superiors, claiming they were targeted for resisting political pressure to award contracts to specific local contractors linked to the Minister. As the situation escalated, a union of NHAI engineers declared a strike,\n(a) इस प्रकरण में शामिल प्रमुख नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं? हितधारकों और उनके परस्पर विरोधी हितों की पहचान कीजिए।\n(b) लोक निर्माण विभाग के सचिव के रूप में, आप उपयुक्त स्थिति में क्या कार्रवाई करेंगे?\n(c) ऐसी घटनाएं सिविल सेवकों के मनोबल और शासन में जनता के विश्वास को कैसे प्रभावित करती हैं? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250"],[38,"(a) What are the key ethical issues involved in this situation? Identify the stakeholders and their conflicting interests.\n(b) As the Secretary of the PWD, what actions will you take in above situation?\n(c) How do such incidents affect the morale of civil servants and public trust in governance? (Answer in 250 words)\na) What are the key ethical issues involved in this situation? Identify the stakeholders and their conflicting interests.\nb) As the Secretary of the PWD, what actions will you take in above situation?\nc) How do such incidents affect the morale of civil servants and public trust in governance?","20","250"],[42,"9 You are the Secretary in the Department of Personnel and Training (DoPT), Government of India. In recent years, an increasing number of civil servants, particularly younger officers from the IAS, IPS, and IRS, have begun maintaining personal YouTube channels and social media pages. On these platforms, they regularly post videos related to their official work — showcasing innovative projects, public outreach initiatives, inspection drives, and sometimes even day-to-day administrative duties.\n\nThese videos often receive widespread public attention, and many viewers express admiration, saying such content enhances transparency, motivates aspirants, and humanizes the bureaucracy. However, concerns have also emerged from various quarters. Senior officers argue that such content may blur the boundaries between personal branding and public service, while some citizens and media commentators point to instances where videos feature vulnerable beneficiaries without consent, raise concerns about misuse of official premises, or seem designed more for personal popularity than public accountability.\n(a) लोक सेवकों द्वारा अपने आधिकारिक कार्यों को सोशल मीडिया पर सार्वजनिक रूप से प्रदर्शित करने के कृत्यों में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों की पहचान कीजिए।\n(b) क्या ऐसी प्रवृत्तियां जागरूकता और प्रेरणा को प्रोत्साहित करती हैं या क्या ये अनामिता, तटस्थता और सामूहिक सेवा भावना के मूल्यों से समझौता करती हैं? अपना मत दीजिए।\n(c) सचिव के रूप में, लोक सेवकों की उत्तरदायित्व डिजिटल सहभागिता सुनिश्चित करने के लिए आप कौन-से मार्गदर्शक सिद्धांत और नीतिगत अनुशंसाएं सुझाएंगे? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250"],[43,"You have been asked to prepare a report with recommendations to balance public interest, institutional integrity, and evolving modes of communication.\n(a) Identify the ethical issues involved in civil servants publicly showcasing their official work on social media.\n(b) Do such practices promote awareness and motivation, or do they compromise the values of anonymity, neutrality, and collective service ethos? Give your opinion.\n(c) As the Secretary, what guiding principles and policy recommendations would you suggest to ensure responsible digital engagement by civil servants? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[47,"10 You are the Director of the National Bioethics Commission who is responsible for assessing the ethical feasibility and oversight of a nationwide gene sequencing program. The project named GeneFuture, aims to sequence the DNA of every newborn child and store it in a centralized national database. The objective is to identify genetic predispositions to serious diseases early in life, allowing for preventive treatment and personalized medicine. Over 100,000 babies have already been enrolled in the pilot phase of the program. The government claims that this move is a landmark step in public health advancement.\n\nHowever, collection of newborn genetic data raises significant ethical concerns, particularly around informed consent, which may not fully capture parents' understanding of the long-term risks involved. Once gathered, this sensitive data could be misused for purposes such as surveillance, insurance discrimination, or commercial marketing by third parties. Uncertainty over data ownership—whether it lies with the state, parents, or the individual as they mature—further complicates the issue. The involvement of private tech and pharmaceutical companies heightens fears of commercial exploitation, especially in the absence of clear mechanisms for individuals to withdraw consent or delete their genetic information upon reaching adulthood.\n(a) What are the ethical issues you perceive in the implementation of the GeneFuture program?\n(b) Identify the conflicting interests of different stakeholders in this case.\n(c) What guiding ethical principles would you recommend for implementation of this project? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[50,"c ETHICAL PRINCIPLES THAT CAN HELP GUIDE ME\n1) Treating Newborn not just as a means but as ends (Kantian Deontological Ethics)\n2) Aristotelian Virtue Ethics honesty courage integrity\n3) Immanuel Kant's categorical Imperative - \"Right Means for a Right End\".","",""],[52,"11 You are a dedicated District Health Officer (DHO) with a strong commitment to evidence-based public health practices, recently assigned to a remote district in India. Your immediate and most critical task is to lead a crucial district-wide Measles-Rubella (MR) vaccination drive, aimed at achieving 100% immunization coverage among children aged 9 months to 15 years. The success of this drive is vital for the collective health of thousands of children and for the district's overall health indicators, especially with the impending monsoon season posing additional health challenges.\n\nHowever, in one of the largest and most traditional villages in your district, you encounter formidable resistance. The villagers, deeply influenced by the pronouncements of a revered local\n(a) उपयुक्त प्रकरण में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\n(b) इस विरोध को शांत करने के लिए आपके पास तत्काल क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\n(c) अंधविश्वास के व्यापक प्रभाव को दूर करने और संधारणीय लोक स्वास्थ्य परिणामों हेतु वैज्ञानिक सोच को बढ़ावा देने के लिए आप कौन-सी दीर्घकालिक रणनीतियाँ और प्रणालीगत सुधारों का सुझाव देंगे? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250"],[53,"(a) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the above case.\n(b) What are the immediate options available to you to overcome this resistance?\n(c) What long-term strategies and systemic reforms would you suggest to address the pervasive influence of superstition and foster a scientific temperament for sustainable public health outcomes? (Answer in 250 words)\na) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the above case.\nb) What are the immediate options available to you to overcome this resistance?\nc) What long-term strategies and systemic reforms would you suggest to address the pervasive influence of superstition and foster a scientific temperament for sustainable public health outcomes?","20","250"],[57,"12 You are a highly motivated and principle-driven Gram Panchayat Secretary, recently posted in a large and socio-economically diverse village in a remote district. Your immediate and most critical task is the meticulous verification of beneficiaries for the 'Gramin Awas Yojana' – a flagship state housing scheme aimed at providing 'pucca' (brick) houses to the genuinely impoverished and landless households. The scheme is under tight deadlines, with funds ...\n(a) What are the probable administrative and ethical difficulties you face?\n(b) Discuss all the available options for you.\n(c) Which broad course of action will you take while adhering to ethical propriety? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[58,"(a) What are the potential administrative and ethical dilemmas you face?\n(b) Discuss all options available to you.\n(c) What comprehensive course of action would you choose to adopt, providing ethical justification for your decision? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"]]},{"i":1019,"t":"Ria Dabi","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1DtUdzZx4Ge6Ajxo1bCoUVZqXp4lPtIQb/view","q":[[3,"1. (a) Man is a product of his environment","",""],[32,"10. a) The factors hindering collective actions are:\ni) The nations putting their national interest first instead of thinking about global good. Eg: Vaccine nationalism in COVID times.\nii) The tensions between countries bilaterally, lead them to stop cooperation on a global level. Eg: Trade war between US and China has worsened the global economy.\niii) Countries do not want to take responsibility for their actions. Eg: US pulling out of Paris Agreement, despite being the second largest polluter.","",""],[35,"11. a) The above case study presents the ethical challenges of:\ni) sexual exploitation of women\nii) Nexus of police, politicians and criminals\niii) Public demand for swift action\niv) political pressure on the administration","",""],[41,"13. a) The case study present the following ethical issues:\ni) development vs Environment trade-off\nii) pressure to complete project due to promise made by government\niii) protests by the local community\nb) The following course of actions would be most suitable:\ni) conducting discussion and dialogue with local people and NGO to address their grievances\nii) conducting environmental impact Assessment (EIA) to see if the project will harm","",""]]},{"i":1020,"t":"Ria Dabi","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/17rhNPXr63xuRgMCWmTXE-kAxEZ5aIduR/view","q":[[3,"1. (a) Man is a product of his environment","",""],[32,"10. a) The factors hindering collective actions are:\ni) The nations putting their national interest first instead of thinking about global good. Eg: Vaccine nationalism in COVID times.\nii) The tensions between countries bilaterally, lead them to stop cooperation on a global level. Eg: Trade war between US and China has worsened the global economy.\niii) Countries do not want to take responsibility for their actions. Eg: US pulling out of Paris Agreement, despite being the second largest polluter.","",""],[35,"11. a) The above case study presents the ethical challenges of:\ni) sexual exploitation of women\nii) Nexus of police, politicians and criminals\niii) Public demand for swift action\niv) political pressure on the administration","",""],[41,"13. a) The case study present the following ethical issues:\ni) development vs Environment trade-off\nii) pressure to complete project due to promise made by government\niii) protests by the local community\nb) The following course of actions would be most suitable:\ni) conducting discussion and dialogue with local people and NGO to address their grievances\nii) conducting environmental impact Assessment (EIA) to see if the project will harm","",""]]},{"i":633,"t":"Ria Kaur Sethi","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2024,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/RIA-KAUR-SETHI-UPSC-2024-Rank-89-MGP-Sample-Copy-2.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) The Indian Constitution does not embody a strict separation of powers rather it introduces a system of checks and balances, with overlapping functions and interdependencies among the legislature, executive, and judiciary.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Recently, the Supreme Court has expanded the scope of Articles 14 and 21 to include the “right to be safeguarded from adverse effects of climate change”. In this context, citing relevant case laws, discuss the role played by Indian judiciary in ‘constitutionalization’ of environmental issues.","10","150"],[7,"Analyse with the help of recent examples.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) Assess the effectiveness of SEBI in fulfilling its envisaged role of regulating the securities market, ensuring transparency, and protecting investors' interests.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) The foundational strength of the Indian Constitution stems from its ability to integrate diverse socio-political perspectives. Elucidate.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) Parliamentary committees serve as vital tools for legislative oversight, ensuring accountability and good governance processes. In light of the statement, examine the role of the Public Accounts Committee in establishing financial accountability of the executive.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) Without addressing the issues that hinder the full and effective participation of persons with disabilities in political and public life, the goal of achieving inclusiveness and their empowerment will remain unattainable. Analyze.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) What roles do community-based interventions play in enhancing access to preventive and promotive health services in India?","10","150"],[19,"Q.9) The current composition of the UNSC, with under-representation and un-representation of key regions is detrimental to its legitimacy and effectiveness, underscoring the urgent need for reforms. Make a case for India's permanent membership in the UNSC.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10) \"The ongoing internal crisis in Myanmar is impeding India's Act East Policy.\" In light of the statement, discuss the measures taken by India to deal with the crisis and associated challenges.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11 \"The Basic Structure Doctrine, protecting the core principles of the Constitution against majoritarian impulses, is also criticized for enabling judicial overreach and disturbing the balance of power as envisioned by the Constitution.\" Elaborate.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12 Enumerate the salient features of Representation of People's Act, 1951. In your opinion, what amendments are needed in the Act to further the cause of free and fair elections in light of contemporary challenges.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 The cooperative nature of Indian federalism is being increasingly challenged by emerging differences in Centre-State relations. Discuss. What steps can be taken to strengthen the cooperative spirit of Indian federalism?","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 Parliamentary privileges are fundamental for lawmakers to discharge their duties without undue influence. However, ensuring the responsible exercise of these privileges is crucial for fostering public trust and ensuring the accountability of public institutions. Analyse.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 The Constitution of India provides several rights that empower the individual, yet it balances these freedoms with reasonable restrictions in the larger public interest. Discuss how constitutional restrictions on fundamental rights strike a fine balance between individual interests and societal interests. Also, mention the principles that are considered in evaluating the reasonableness of restrictions with reference case laws.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16) Self-Help Groups (SHGs) can play a crucial role in alleviating rural poverty by providing women with access to microfinance, enabling them to start small businesses and improve their livelihoods.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 Despite the implementation of numerous policies and schemes aimed at combating hunger and malnutrition in the country, their effectiveness remains limited. Analyse.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18) The true test of good governance is the degree to which it ensures accountability towards citizens while living up to the promise of sustainable and inclusive human development. Discuss in the context of challenges to good governance in India.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 As the principal judicial organ of the United Nations, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) provides a judicial mechanism for the peaceful resolution of international disputes. In this context, throw light on the structure and mandate of ICJ. Also highlight the challenges it faces in fulfilling its mandate.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 Geopolitical shifts pose challenges to India-Russia relations, yet the relationship remains robust, driven by deep-rooted trust and a shared commitment to sustain a multifaceted strategic partnership. Analyse.","15","250"]]},{"i":634,"t":"Rishabh","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2025,"r":132,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/RISHABH-YADAVUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-132-Sample-GSAP-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[5,"Q.2) Article 21 which provides for the protection of life and personal liberty has an expansive vision, post the Maneka Gandhi judgment.","",""],[7,"Q.3) The nature of fundamental rights under Part 3 of the Constitution differs from the Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) [Part 4] yet they are complimentary.","",""],[14,"Hate speech impact the society in following ways:\n1) creates enmity and tension, among the various diverse groups in the society;\n2) dilutes and threatens the composite culture of India [Art. 51A(b)];\n3) restrict the right to life (Art. 21) of individuals against whom hate speech is directed;\n4) brings artificial distinction among the citizens (violate right to equality- article 14, 15)\n5) against the preamble goals of Justice, equality, liberty and fraternity; and the territorial integrity of India;","",""]]},{"i":635,"t":"Rishabh Choudhary","c":"Forumias","p":"GS1","y":2024,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/RISHABH-CHOUDHARY-UPSC-2024-Rank-28-MGP-Sample-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) In many ways, the Spanish civil war was the opening act of WWII. Comment.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) How will you explain the different fates of Buddhism and Jainism despite a slew of similarities in the two religions?","10","150"],[7,"Q.3 Non-Cooperation Movement democratized India's freedom struggle but suffered from inherent limitations. Discuss.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) Critically analyse the efficacy of linguistic reorganization of states in addressing the reasons for linguistic divides in post-independent India.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5 Briefly discuss the role of plate tectonics theory in explaining the location of volcanoes. Also, explain the multifarious impacts of volcanoes on the surrounding regions.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) Taking further the success of Aspirational Districts Programme, Aspirational Blocks can help achieve the twin objectives of balanced growth and checking stress migration. Comment.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) Describe the critical factors for location of defense industries and suggest measures to overcome the challenges.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8 To what extent can Socio-Economic-Caste Census (SECC) address the challenges in achieving equitable resource allocation and targeted welfare?","10","150"],[19,"Q.9 Indian society is premised on some common values that give it a composite texture as well as some diverse practices that deepen its heterogeneity. Elucidate.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10 What are the factors that influence population growth in the country? In this perspective, examine the relevance and need of raising the minimum marriageable age of women for population development.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11 Bring out the reasons behind the tribal unrest in British India. Also, analyze the reasons for their limited success.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12 The independence of India was not a result of a forced expulsion of the Empire, as desired by the Quit India Movement; it was rather a confluence of domestic politics and global circumstances. Analyze.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 Explain why Sufism, a liberal reform movement in Islam could deepen its roots in the Indian sub-continent, despite Islam being a foreign religion? Also, bring out the impacts of Sufism on Indian society.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14) Enumerate the reasons behind rising intensity and frequency of cyclones in the Arabian Sea in recent years. Giving special reference to NDMA guidelines, recommend measures to check the adverse impacts of cyclones.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 Examine the impacts of climate change on the hydrological cycle and suggest suitable mitigation and adaptation strategies to contain the harmful implications.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16) Defining continental shelf, highlight its resource potential and ecological significance.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 Rooted in patriarchal values, gender-based violence, in all its manifestations, is antithetical to societal growth. Explain.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 The caste calculus in the Indian society remains predominant and continues to project its shadow on social, political, and economic domains. Do you agree? Substantiate your answer.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 Discuss various factors contributing to the water woes faced by Indian cities. Also, explain complexities in implementing a comprehensive water management plan.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 Though important elements of group identity, religion and region also run the risk of deepening communal cleavages. Comment.","15","250"]]},{"i":636,"t":"Rishabh Sharma","c":"Forumias","p":"Essay","y":2025,"r":116,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/RISHABH-SHARMAUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-116-Sample-Essay-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"1. The glass ceiling is not invisible, it is just too high for many to see.","",""],[16,"1. Behavior is a function of its consequences.\n2. The age of smart devices and the decline of wise choices.\n3. Judge a man by his question, rather than his answer.\n4. Knowledge without compassion is tyranny of the intellect.","",""],[24,"Extinguishing the tyranny we must ponder, why absence of compassion becomes tyrannical? why something as positive as knowledge becomes dangerous when compassion leaves the room?","",""]]},{"i":637,"t":"Rishabh Sharma","c":"Forumias","p":"GS1","y":2025,"r":116,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/RISHABH-SHARMAUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-116-Sample-MGP-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) Why has public bathing been a recurring practice across cultures and societies? Discuss with examples.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Estimate the contributions of Chalukyas of Badami to Indian heritage and culture.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) Mahatma Gandhi and Dr. B.R. Ambedkar had contrasting philosophies and approaches on caste and social reform. Examine.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) What factors can be attributed to the rising incidents of Glacial Lake Outburst Floods (GLOFs) in the Himalayan region? Discuss with examples.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5 \"Migration is a vital livelihood strategy for rural households in developing countries like India.\" Elucidate.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) Bring out the interdependence between physical and chemical weathering with suitable examples.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) Discuss how social media is reshaping identity formation and self-worth among adolescents in contemporary Indian society.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) The disproportionate preference for government jobs in certain Indian states is not merely a matter of personal aspiration. Analyze.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9 Explain the significance of population education in light of India's status as the world's most populous nation.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10) Globalization has infused Indian festivals with commercial elements, while also helping preserve and popularize them in new ways. Do you agree? Justify your answer.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11 India has a rich tradition of diverse dance forms, encompassing both classical and folk styles. Illustrate how they reflect the country's rich spiritual, cultural, and social life.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12 The third decade of the 20th century witnessed the emergence of new forces and ideological currents that influenced the character of the Indian national movement. Elaborate.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 Analyse the circumstances that led to Simla Agreement in 1972. Discuss the significance of the agreement.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 \"The Vietnam War was a proxy conflict rooted in the ideological rivalry of the Cold War.\" Comment.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 Discuss the concept of isostasy and explain its role in shaping Earth's major landforms.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16) The Indian Ocean is warming at an alarming rate. How may it affect the food security of India?","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 Describing the distribution of sugarcane producing countries, examine the major environmental challenges associated with its cultivation.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 The richness and diversity of Indian society find vivid expression in the unique culture of its tribal communities. Elucidate.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 Why is it essential to focus on health in the context of urban planning and reforms? How can this be achieved?","15","250"],[48,"How to achieve good Health in urban Areas","",""],[50,"Q.20 Analyze the socio-cultural factors contributing to the high attrition rate among women in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) careers in India. Suggest measures to improve their retention in STEM.","15","250"]]},{"i":638,"t":"Rishabh Sharma","c":"Forumias","p":"GS3","y":2025,"r":116,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/RISHABH-SHARMAUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-116-Sample-MGP-Copy-2.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1 The Union Budget 2025-26 outlines a shift towards the 'debt-to-GDP ratio' as the fiscal anchor starting from FY 2026-27. Discuss the rationale behind this shift.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Why does India need to transition from a 'build to print' to a 'build to design' model in manufacturing? What steps has been taken by the government in this regard?","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) Explain the concept of a nutrition-sensitive food system and suggest strategies to achieve it in the country.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) Give a brief overview of the 'Digital Agriculture Mission'. How can it benefit the agriculture sector?","10","150"],[10,"5 Use of AI and remote sensing - How can it benefit Agriculture?","",""],[11,"Q.5) Rare earths are not just elements; they are foundational inputs that act like 'seeds of technology'. Elaborate.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6 Why retrofitting Electrostatic Precipitators (ESPs) in Indian thermal power plants is a more viable and effective option compared to the installation of flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems?","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) 'The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) regime in India remains weak and is often reduced to a procedural formality.' In light of this statement, examine the key challenges in EIA implementation and suggest reforms.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) Plastic pollution is emerging as a serious environmental threat in India. Discuss the various mitigation measures to address this problem and also the government's initiatives in this regard.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9) Amid evolving threats, there is a need to blend private sector capabilities with India's current internal security architecture. In this context, elaborate on the ways in which the private sector can contribute to strengthening internal security.","10","150"],[20,"4 Reconnaissance using AI, satellites, border infrastructure requires emerging technological know-how.\nWay Private sector can help in strengthening IS","",""],[21,"Q.10 'Radicalisation in Jammu and Kashmir is driven as much by socio-economic factors as by external influences.' Discuss how education and youth engagement can play a role in countering radicalisation in J&K.","10","150"],[22,"Role of Education & Youth engagement in countering Radicalisation in J&K\n1 Making the youth job-ready by educating them.\n2 Skilling of the youth Ex - Udaan Scheme\n3 Spreading nationalism and political awareness through youth engagement Ex - Youth Parliament\n4 Enabling small business in local products among youth Ex - Saffron, dry fruits\n5 Inclusive development of all to curb the perceived neglect.","",""],[23,"Q.11) Outlining the key characteristics of the care economy, discuss how India can better integrate the value of unpaid and underpaid care work into its economic framework.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12 'The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) presents both unprecedented opportunities and significant challenges for India's labour market.' Examine. Also suggest strategies to align AI adoption with inclusive and resilient labour market outcomes.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13) Why does India's agricultural export performance remain weak despite high production levels? What measures would you suggest to improve agri-export competitiveness?","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 \"The agricultural subsidy regime in the country needs reforms to address the distortions it causes.\" Comment.","15","250"],[33,"Reforms done by India to address the issues","",""],[35,"Q.15 How can biomanufacturing transform today's consumptive manufacturing paradigm to the one based on regenerative principles? Also discuss how BioE3 Policy (Biotechnology for Economy, Environment and Employment) aims to foster biomanufacturing in the country.","15","250"],[39,"Q.17 Marine oil spills are a form of environmental disaster, with far-reaching consequences for biodiversity and coastal livelihoods; however, India's preparedness to prevent such incidents and mitigate their impact has significant gaps. Analyze.","15","250"]]},{"i":639,"t":"Rishabh Yadav","c":"Forumias","p":"Essay","y":2025,"r":132,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/RISHABH-YADAVUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-132-Sample-MGP-Copy-2.pdf","q":[[3,"1. Glaciers are the canaries in the coal mine of climate change.","",""],[16,"1. True peace is not merely the absence of tension; it is the presence of justice.","",""]]},{"i":640,"t":"Rishabh Yadav","c":"Forumias","p":"GS1","y":2025,"r":132,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/RISHABH-YADAVUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-132-Sample-MGP-Copy-3.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1 \"Bhagavad Gita and Natyashastra are not merely texts; they exemplify the timeless wisdom, richness and diversity of Indian knowledge, traditions.\" Elaborate.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) The Harappan civilization was a \"technological powerhouse\" that laid the foundation for sophisticated urban living in ancient South Asia. In light of this statement, discuss the key technological breakthroughs and contributions of this Bronze Age culture.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) Why is the First World War considered as the first 'total' war in modern history?","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) Highlight the differences in the approach of Bhagat Singh and Mahatma Gandhi in the struggle for freedom.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) Briefly explain the processes through which the earth-atmosphere system maintains heat balance.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) What characteristics of the monsoon climate play a crucial role in sustaining agriculture in Monsoon Asia?","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) Account for the factors influencing the location of semiconductor industries across the world.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) Unemployment is not just an economic challenge, but a social one with far-reaching consequences. In this context, discuss the social impact of unemployment in the country.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9) Globalization has facilitated the influx of global brands and multinational corporations into the Indian market, significantly altering the consumer behaviour. Do you agree? Justify your answer.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10 Discuss how social media is reshaping identity formation and self-worth among adolescents in contemporary Indian society.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11 The fusion of Islamic architectural styles with indigenous Indian traditions played a key role in the evolution of Indo-Islamic architecture in the country. Discuss with examples.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12) 'Emergency' is one of the most controversial and widely debated events in Indian politics. How far do you agree with the view that it was imposed to fulfil individual political goals rather than serve national interests? Also, discuss the short-term and long-term impacts of the Emergency.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13) What are 'atmospheric rivers'? How do they influence global weather patterns and impact human settlements?","15","250"],[32,"Q.14) Despite sharing a similar latitude, why does the Mediterranean climate vary from the China-type climate? How do the differences in climate affect life and economic activities in the region?","15","250"],[35,"Q.15) \"The tropical Indian Ocean is likely to be in a near-permanent heatwave state.\" Discuss the factors responsible for the rapid warming of the Indian Ocean along with its multi-dimensional impacts.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16 How can the demographic transition in the southern states, marked by low fertility rates and an aging population, impact the region's economic growth and social welfare policies?","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 Incidence of extreme rainfall events and flash floods in recent times has led to devastating consequences for major cities of India. Analyse.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 \"Air pollution is as much an issue of equity and justice as it is an environmental one.\" Elaborate with examples.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 Analyze the socio-cultural factors contributing to the high attrition rate among women in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) careers in India. Suggest measures to improve their retention in STEM.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 \"Caste census is relevant and necessary for any well-designed policy to reduce social inequality\". Comment.","15","250"]]},{"i":641,"t":"Rishabh Yadav","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":2025,"r":132,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/RISHABH-YADAVUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-132-Sample-MGP-Copy-4.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) What is your understanding of corruption? In your opinion, does corruption grease or sand the wheels of growth? Justify your answer.","10","150"],[5,"b) The balance between laws and conscience is delicate; when synchronized, they promote ethical conduct, but their discord can give rise to significant ethical dilemmas. Illustrate with examples","10","150"],[7,"Q.2) a) \"The recognition of the horrors of nuclear weapons should compel nations to move towards meaningful disarmament. However, geopolitical interests continue to hinder genuine progress in this direction. What are the ethical considerations of nuclear states to pursue global disarmament, and how can the international community balance security concerns with the moral imperative of a nuclear-free world?\"","10","150"],[9,"b) What does 'accountability' mean in the context of public service? What measures can be adopted to ensure individual and collective accountability of public servants?","10","150"],[11,"Q.3) a) \"Probity in governance is an essential and vital requirement for an efficient and effective system of governance and for socio-economic development.\" Discuss the statement with examples.","10","150"],[13,"b) Why should public services prioritize impartiality and non-partisanship as core values in the present socio-political context? Illustrate with examples.","10","150"],[15,"Q.4) a) Distinguish between \"Code of ethics\" and \"Code of conduct\" with suitable examples.","10","150"],[17,"b) In contemporary times, corporate governance emphasizes accountability and ethical responsibility, yet a lack of adherence to these principles among many corporations highlights a disconnect between theory and practice. In this context, discuss the challenges corporations face in adhering to ethical standards and how these challenges can be mitigated.","10","150"],[19,"Q.5) a) What do you understand by the term 'public servant'? Reflect on the expected role of public servant.","10","150"],[21,"b) The ethical basis of a welfare state is central to its legitimacy. What are, in your opinion, the vital ethical traits of a welfare state? Suggest ways to strengthen the ethical foundation of a state.","10","150"],[23,"Q.6) a) Distinguish between laws and rules. Discuss the role of ethics in formulating them.","10","150"],[25,"b) Write short notes on the following in 30-50 words each:\ni) Ethical congruence\nii) Conflict of interest\niii) Compassion in public life\niv) Crisis of conscience\nv) Social capital","10 marks, 150","30-50 words each"],[27,"Q.7) Recently, a disturbing incident involving the sexual assault of two young girls at a nursery school came to light in a 'sleepy' town of a western state in the country. When the parents approached the local police station to lodge an FIR, the police turned them away. However, twelve hours later, the FIR was filed, and a 24-year-old cleaning staff member of the school was arrested as the only suspect in the incident.\nThe news of the assault spread rapidly, igniting widespread outrage and intense media coverage. The public was furious, leading to protests across the town demanding justice for the victims. Locals organized a bandh, vandalized the school, and blocked railway lines while demanding death penalty for the suspect.\nThe state government swung into action, suspending two police personnel for their delayed response and forming a Special Investigation Team (SIT) to investigate the case. The principal of the school, along with two staff members, was also suspended. The SIT began its investigation and charged the school principal, secretary, and chairman under sections of the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act for failing to report the crime. Meanwhile, the accused's first wife filed a case against him for violent sexual behavior and unnatural sex. As the investigation progressed, tensions in the town continued to simmer. The pressure on the SIT to resolve the case was immense, with political figures, media, and the public all demanding swift action.\nThe following day, while the suspect was being transported to the crime scene (the school) for further investigation, he was killed in what was described as an encounter. According to the SIT's account, the suspect managed to snatch a gun from one of the officers and opened fire, injuring him. In retaliation, the police shot the suspect, who was gravely injured and later succumbed to his wounds in the hospital.\nThe news of the encounter spread quickly. While many praised the SIT for their swift action, others raised serious concerns. The family of the suspect claimed it was a staged encounter. The human rights groups echoed similar sentiments, accusing the police of an extrajudicial killing orchestrated under immense public pressure.\na. What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\nb. Based on the case study, discuss the challenges faced by law enforcement agencies in conducting a fair and impartial investigation amidst public and political pressure.\nc. What best practices should be followed to ensure the integrity of investigations in such high-profile cases?","","20"],[28,"a. उपरोक्त मामले में नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं?\nb. केस स्टडी के आधार पर, सार्वजनिक और राजनीतिक दबाव के बीच निष्पक्ष जांच करने में कानून प्रवर्तन एजेंसियों के सामने आने वाली चुनौतियों पर चर्चा करें।\nc. ऐसे हाई-प्रोफाइल मामलों में जांच की सत्यनिष्ठा सुनिश्चित करने के लिए कौन सी सर्वोत्तम प्रथाओं का पालन किया जाना चाहिए?\na उपरोक्त मामले में नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं?\nb केस स्टडी के आधार पर, सार्वजनिक और राजनीतिक दबाव के बीच निष्पक्ष जांच करने में कानून प्रवर्तन एजेंसियों के सामने आने वाली चुनौतियों पर चर्चा करें।\nc ऐसे हाई-प्रोफाइल मामलों में जांच की सत्यनिष्ठा सुनिश्चित करने के लिए कौन सी सर्वोत्तम प्रथाओं का पालन किया जाना चाहिए?","20 अंक","250 शब्द"],[33,"Q.8 a. What are the ethical issues involved in re-appropriation of funds from a welfare project to the developmental projects?\nb. Given the need for proper utilization of public funds, discuss the options available to Sowmiya. Which option should she choose?\na What are the ethical issues involved in re-appropriation of funds from a welfare project to the developmental projects?\nb Given the need for proper utilization of public funds, discuss the options available to Sowmiya. Which option should she choose?","20","250"],[34,"a. कल्याणकारी परियोजना से विकासात्मक परियोजनाओं के लिए वित्त के पुनर्विनियोजन में क्या नैतिक मुद्दे शामिल हैं? b. सार्वजनिक वित्त के उचित उपयोग की आवश्यकता को देखते हुए, सौम्या के पास उपलब्ध विकल्पों पर चर्चा करें। उसे कौन सा विकल्प चुनना चाहिए?\na कल्याणकारी परियोजना से विकासात्मक परियोजनाओं के लिए वित्त के पुनर्विनियोजन में क्या नैतिक मुद्दे शामिल हैं?\nb सार्वजनिक वित्त के उचित उपयोग की आवश्यकता को देखते हुए, सौम्या के पास उपलब्ध विकल्पों पर चर्चा करें। उसे कौन सा विकल्प चुनना चाहिए?","20 अंक","250 शब्द"],[39,"Q.9) What are the ethical concerns associated with surrogate advertising? Suggest a course of action that addresses the concerns of both the stakeholders involved. Justify your answer.","20","250"],[44,"Q.10 Sneha is a Senior Manager working for a big reputed hospital chain in a mid-sized city. She has been made in charge of the new super specialty centre that the hospital is building with state-of-the-art equipment and world-class medical facilities. The building has been reconstructed, and she is starting the process of procurement for various equipment and machines. As the head of the committee responsible for procurement, she has invited bids from all the interested reputed vendors dealing in medical equipment. She notices that her brother, who is a well-known supplier in this domain, has also sent his expression of interest. Since the hospital is privately owned, it is not mandatory for her to select only the lower bidder. Also, she is aware that her brother's company has been facing some financial difficulties and a big supply order will help him recover. At the same time, allocating the contract to her brother might bring charges of favoritism against her and tarnish her image. The hospital management trusts her fully and would support any decision of hers.\na What should be Sneha's course of action?\nb How would she justify what she chooses to do?\nc In this case, how is medical ethics compromised with vested personal interest?","20","250"],[49,"Q.11 Utkarsh is a dedicated and experienced Chief Engineer in the Public Works Department (PWD) of a major Indian city. His responsibilities include overseeing the maintenance and construction of the city's infrastructure. One of his critical responsibilities is managing the safety and welfare of the PWD workers. A sudden strike by the workers' union of the PWD erupted over the issue of compensation to a construction worker who died while repairing a major bridge in the city. The case was brought to Utkarsh's attention for resolution.\nThe deceased worker, Shyam Lal, was part of a team tasked with repairing a crucial bridge that connected two busy parts of the city. During the repair, an unfortunate accident occurred where a section of the bridge collapsed. Shyam Lal fell from a significant height, suffering severe injuries. He was immediately rushed to the hospital but succumbed to his injuries shortly after arrival. Shyam Lal was 45 years old and the sole breadwinner for his family, which included his wife and three young children. The initial investigation revealed that Shyam Lal had not been wearing the mandatory safety harness at the time of the accident. The management, upon learning of this, is considering not providing extra compensation to Shyam Lal's family, citing negligence on his part.\nThe PWD workers' union was outraged by this decision, arguing that the lack of proper training and supervision were the primary cause of the accident. They demanded full compensation for Shyam Lal's family, like what other workers receive who die in the line of duty, and a job for one family member. With no satisfactory response from the management, the union went on strike, halting all ongoing maintenance and construction projects in the city. The strike has continued for two weeks, causing significant disruption to the city's infrastructure projects and leading to public outcry. Utkarsh is now tasked with finding a resolution to this deadlock.\na) What are the options available to Utkarsh to meet the above situation? Critically examine each of the options identified by him.\nb) What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by Utkarsh?\nc) What course of action should Utkarsh adopt to diffuse the above situation?","25","250"],[50,"a) उपरोक्त स्थिति से निपटने के लिए उत्कर्ष के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं? उनके द्वारा पहचाने गए प्रत्येक विकल्प की आलोचनात्मक जांच कीजिए।\nb) उत्कर्ष के सामने कौन सी नैतिक दुविधाएं हैं?\nc) निपटने के लिए उत्कर्ष को क्या कदम उठाना चाहिए उपरोक्त स्थिति से?\na) उपरोक्त स्थिति से निपटने के लिए उत्कर्ष के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं? उनके द्वारा पहचाने गए प्रत्येक विकल्प की आलोचनात्मक जांच कीजिए।\nb) उत्कर्ष के सामने कौन सी नैतिक दुविधाएं हैं?\nc) निपटने के लिए उत्कर्ष को क्या कदम उठाना चाहिए उपरोक्त स्थिति से?","25 अंक","25 अंक"],[55,"Q.12 Raman is a senior IPS officer and has recently been posted as D.G. of a state. Among the various issues and problems/challenges which need his immediate attention, the issue relating to recruitment of unemployed youth by an unknown terrorist group was a matter of grave concern. It was noted that unemployment was relatively high in the state. The problem of unemployment amongst graduates and those with higher education was much more grave. Thus, they were vulnerable and soft targets. In the review meeting taken by him with senior officers (DIG range and above), it came to light that a new terrorist group has emerged at the global level. It has launched a massive drive to recruit young unemployed people. Special focus was to pick young people from a particular community. The said organization seemed to have the clear objective of utilizing/using them for carrying out militant activities. It was also gathered that the said (new) group is desperately trying to spread its tentacles in his state. A definite/reliable intelligence tip was received by the State CID and Cyber Cell that a large number of such unemployed youth have already been contacted by the terrorist outfit/group through social media and local organizations and other contacts. The need of the hour was to act swiftly and check these elements/designs before they assume serious proportions. Discreet inquiries made by the police, through the Cyber Cell, revealed that good numbers of unemployed youth are very active on Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter. On an average, many of them were spending 6-8 hours each day, using electronic devices/internet. It also came to light that such unemployed youth were showing sympathy and endorsing the messages received from certain persons, allegedly the contact persons of the global terrorist group. Their social media accounts revealed their strong affinity to such groups inasmuch as many of them started forwarding anti-national views on their WhatsApp and Facebook. It seemed that they succumbed to their play, and started propagating secessionist ideology. Their posts were hyper-critical of the government's initiatives, policies, and subscribing to extreme beliefs and promoting extremism.\na. What are the options available to Raman to tackle the above situation?\nb. What measures would you suggest for strengthening the existing set-up to ensure that such groups do not succeed in penetrating and vitiating the atmosphere in the state?\nc. In the above scenario, what action plan would you advise for enhancing the intelligence-gathering mechanism of the police force?","25","250"]]},{"i":642,"t":"Rishul Neema","c":"Forumias","p":"GS1","y":2025,"r":267,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/RISHUL-NEEMAUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-267-Sample-MGP-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1 \"Bhagavad Gita and Natyashastra are not merely texts; they exemplify the timeless wisdom, richness and diversity of Indian knowledge traditions.\" Elaborate.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) The Harappan civilization was a \"technological powerhouse\" that laid the foundation for sophisticated urban living in ancient South Asia. In light of this statement, discuss the key technological breakthroughs and contributions of this Bronze Age culture.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) Why is the First World War considered as the first 'total' war in modern history?","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) Highlight the differences in the approach of Bhagat Singh and Mahatma Gandhi in the struggle for freedom.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5 Briefly explain the processes through which the earth-atmosphere system maintains heat balance.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) What characteristics of the monsoon climate play a crucial role in sustaining agriculture in Monsoon Asia?","10","150"],[15,"Q.7 Account for the factors influencing the location of semiconductor industries across the world.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) Unemployment is not just an economic challenge, but a social one with far-reaching consequences. In this context, discuss the social impact of unemployment in the country.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9 Globalization has facilitated the influx of global brands and multinational corporations into the Indian market, significantly altering the consumer behaviour. Do you agree? Justify your answer.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10 Discuss how social media is reshaping identity formation and self-worth among adolescents in contemporary Indian society.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11) The fusion of Islamic architectural styles with indigenous Indian traditions played a key role in the evolution of Indo-Islamic architecture in the country. Discuss with examples.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12) 'Emergency' is one of the most controversial and widely debated events in Indian politics. How far do you agree with the view that it was imposed to fulfil individual political goals rather than serve national interests? Also, discuss the short-term and long-term impacts of the Emergency.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13) What are 'atmospheric rivers'? How do they influence global weather patterns and impact human settlements?","15","250"],[30,"Q.14) Despite sharing a similar latitude, why does the Mediterranean climate vary from the China-type climate? How do the differences in climate affect life and economic activities in the region?","15","250"],[33,"Q.15 \"The tropical Indian Ocean is likely to be in a near-permanent heatwave state.\" Discuss the factors responsible for the rapid warming of the Indian Ocean along with its multi-dimensional impacts.","15","250"],[36,"Q.16) How can the demographic transition in the southern states, marked by low fertility rates and an aging population, impact the region's economic growth and social welfare policies?","15","250"],[39,"Q.17 Incidence of extreme rainfall events and flash floods in recent times has led to devastating consequences for major cities of India. Analyse.","15","250"],[42,"Q.18) \"Air pollution is as much an issue of equity and justice as it is an environmental one.\" Elaborate with examples.","15","250"],[45,"Q.19 Analyze the socio-cultural factors contributing to the high attrition rate among women in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) careers in India. Suggest measures to improve their retention in STEM.","15","250"],[48,"Q.20) \"Caste census is relevant and necessary for any well-designed policy to reduce social inequality\". Comment.","15","250"],[52,"When must you seek mentorship?","",""]]},{"i":643,"t":"Rishul Neema","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2025,"r":267,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/RISHUL-NEEMAUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-267-Sample-MGP-Copy-2.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) Examine the scope and significance of the Supreme Court's advisory jurisdiction under Article 143 of the Constitution.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) What is delimitation, and why is it important? What challenges are associated with the delimitation exercise in India?","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) How has asymmetric federalism helped India accommodate its diverse regional needs? Discuss with suitable examples.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) Explain how the terms ‘socialist’ and ‘secular’ in the Preamble embody specific meanings in the Indian context.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) The role of State Finance Commissions in building regional equity and strengthening the federal link has largely been underutilized. Discuss.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6 How far do you think has the National Commission for Protection of Child Rights (NCPCR) been successful in protecting and promoting child rights in India?","10","150"],[15,"Q.7 Outline the salient features of New Education Policy (NEP) 2020 related to school education. What does it state about the medium of instruction in schools?","10","150"],[17,"Q.8 Throw light on the legal frameworks that are in place to ensure women's safety in India. What further steps are needed to enhance their safety and well-being?","10","150"],[19,"Q.9 \"A multipolar world order is not merely an option but a necessity\". Elaborate. How can India leverage its position to strengthen multipolarity in the global arena?","10","150"],[21,"Q.10 \"ASEAN is the cornerstone of India's Act East Policy and its Indo-Pacific vision.\" Elucidate.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11) Discuss the various administrative challenges faced by local self-governments (LSGs). What measures do you suggest for devolving administrative powers to LSGs, enabling them to function as institutions of genuine self-governance?","15","250"],[26,"Q.12 In light of recent developments, the Collegium system and the Supreme Court's decision to strike down the National Judicial Appointments Commission (NJAC) Act, 2014 have once again come under scrutiny. Do you think that a NJAC-like body can make judicial appointments more transparent, broad-based, and accountable? Justify your answer.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13) Differentiate between the clemency powers of the Presidents of India and the USA. Also, critically examine the vesting of clemency power in the executive.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14) What constitutes corrupt practices under the Representation of the People Act, 1951? Also, discuss the challenges in curbing such malpractices and suggest remedial measures.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 Discuss the role of the Vice-President as the Chairman of the Rajya Sabha. Also describe the procedure for his/her removal from office.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16 \"Universal Basic Income (UBI) is a viable solution to eradicate extreme poverty in India.\" Critically discuss the statement.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 What are the key determinants of malnutrition among under-five children in the country? Also, elaborate on the role of nutrition-specific and nutrition-sensitive interventions in addressing this issue.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 \"Data is the raw material of Artificial Intelligence.\" In this context, discuss the need for transparent and accountable data governance frameworks in India. What steps has the government taken in this regard?","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 Critically examine the role of International Monetary Fund (IMF) in addressing debt distress in the Global South. How can India use its post-G20 presidency momentum to push IMF reforms?","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 \"In a fluid geopolitical arena, engagement without formal endorsement is a pragmatic middle path.\" Do you agree? Explain in the context of India's current approach towards the Taliban regime in Afghanistan.","15","250"]]},{"i":644,"t":"Ritik Singhvi","c":"Forumias","p":"Essay","y":2025,"r":203,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/RITIK-SINGHVI-PUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-203-Sample-ESSAY-Copy-2.pdf","q":[[3,"4. The greatest acts of courage stem from the simplest choices.","",""],[16,"1. A quiet conscience makes one strong.","",""]]},{"i":645,"t":"Ritik Singhvi P","c":"Forumias","p":"Essay","y":2025,"r":203,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/RITIK-SINGHVI-PUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-203-Sample-ESSAY-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"1. We cannot solve our problems with the same thinking we used when we created them.\n2. The civilisation that doesn't adopt modern technologies becomes extinct.\n3. Data without wisdom and innovation without ethics are dangerous tools.\n4. The doubter is a true man of science.","",""],[16,"1. The empires of the future will be the empires of the mind.","",""],[29,"What is responsibility? Why is it called invisible thread? How it holds freedom together? What if thread broken? How to strengthen invisible thread?","",""]]},{"i":647,"t":"Ritik Singhvi P","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2025,"r":203,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/RITIK-SINGHVI-PUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-203-Sample-MGP-Copy-2.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) To what extent, in your opinion, have the ideals of the Preamble been realised in the country's 75-year constitutional journey?","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) The evolution of property rights in India reflects an intricate relationship that exists between individual rights and public welfare. Discuss this statement with the help of relevant constitutional provisions and case laws.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3 Under what conditions can the 'National' Emergency be proclaimed by the President of India? What are the consequences when such a proclamation remains in force? When was it last imposed in the country?","10","150"],[9,"Q.4 'Lack of a binding framework for pre-legislative consultations in India limits citizen engagement in the lawmaking.' Propose measures to strengthen the role of public consultation in the legislative process.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5 'The recommendations of the 15th Finance Commission have enabled the States to improve their fiscal conditions.' Comment.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) In what ways do industry and business associations contribute to socio-economic development in the country? Explain with suitable examples.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7 \"India's poverty lies in the eyes of the beholder.\" In light of this statement, examine the need for a credible and periodically updated poverty estimation framework in the country.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8 The Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act, 2012 falls short of achieving its intended objectives. Comment.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9) 'Starved of funds, shackled by geopolitics, WHO is facing a crisis of capacity and credibility.' Discuss the statement in the light of USA's withdrawal and its accusation of the health body of being 'biased towards China and mishandling the COVID-19 pandemic'.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10 The world continues to operate in a 'my terrorist' versus 'your terrorist' paradigm. Explain. What strategies would you suggest to develop a unified, comprehensive, and rules-based global approach to tackle the menace of terrorism?","10","150"],[23,"Q.11 Briefly explain the procedure laid down in the Representation of the People Act (RPA), 1951 for the registration of political parties with the Election Commission of India (ECI). What are Registered Unrecognised Political Parties (RUPPs)? What concerns are associated with them? Does the ECI have powers to de-register a political party?","15","250"],[26,"Q.12) Assess the role of NITI Aayog over the past decade in promoting cooperative and competitive federalism.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 'The post of Deputy Speaker goes beyond ceremonial significance and is indispensable to Indian parliamentary democracy.' Discuss with relevant constitutional provisions and conventions. Also, examine the implications of the prolonged vacancy of the Deputy Speaker's post.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14) Is the growing demand for stricter regulation of online content justified, or does it pose a threat to the right to freedom of speech and expression? Examine in light of recent judicial pronouncements.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 Critically examine the 'in-house procedure' adopted by the Apex Court to inquire into allegations of misconduct against judges of constitutional courts in India.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16 Recent controversies over alleged malpractices in the electoral rolls have renewed demands for the mandatory linkage of Aadhaar with Voter ID. What is your opinion? Give reasons in support of your answer.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 Lateral entry into civil services is seen as a reformative step, yet it continues to attract criticism and controversy. Discuss.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 While rankings aim to benchmark the performance of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs), concerns remain about whether current ranking frameworks reflect the broader goals of education. Suggest measures to make the ranking system more objective, inclusive, and aligned with educational and societal outcomes.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 Examine the factors behind the growing salience of the Arctic region in international politics. Discuss, in this context, strategies for India to recalibrate its Arctic engagement.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 Bangladesh is a key pillar of India's Neighborhood First policy, but recent developments on both sides threaten to disrupt the 'Sonali Adhyay' in bilateral relations. Analyze.","15","250"]]},{"i":646,"t":"Ritik Singhvi P","c":"Forumias","p":"GS3","y":2025,"r":203,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/RITIK-SINGHVI-PUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-203-Sample-MGP-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) Explain the significance of the recent changes made to the Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) with respect to labour market data estimation in the country.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Discuss the implications of the rising trend of protectionism and tariff wars in global trade for India's macroeconomic stability.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) \"Genome-edited crops have the potential to strengthen food and nutritional security in the country.\" Examine.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) Assess the role of Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY) in expanding irrigation coverage and improving on-farm water use efficiency.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) Starlink, a satellite internet service provider, has recently been granted a license to operate in India. What is satellite internet? How does it work? What are its advantages and limitations?","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) What is a Geographical Indication (GI)? What are the legal frameworks governing it? How does it differ from a trademark? How can GI infringement be tackled?","10","150"],[15,"Q.7 What are the salient features of Mission Mausam launched by the Government of India? Why is such a mission needed? What are the likely challenges in its effective implementation?","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) Highlight the key provisions of the Disaster Management (Amendment) Act, 2025. How would the amendment help strengthen the disaster management framework in the country?","10","150"],[19,"Q.9 'Operation Sindoor' signals a strategic evolution in India's approach to cross-border terrorism. Analyze.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10) 'Cyberspace has emerged as a distinct domain of warfare, posing serious threats to national security.' Discuss this statement and suggest counter-measures.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11) What are the key objectives of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC), 2016? To what extent has it been successful in achieving them?","15","250"],[26,"Q.12) Despite phenomenal growth in recent years, India's startup ecosystem lags in innovation across strategic sectors. Identify the factors responsible for this inadequate focus on deep-tech and suggest strategies to bridge this gap.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13) What is floriculture? How is it helpful in enhancing farm income and boosting agri-exports?","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 \"Women play a crucial role in Indian agriculture, yet continue to face systemic exclusion.\" Discuss with reference to land ownership, access to credit, and agri-extension services. What initiatives has the government taken in this regard?","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 Launched on 25th June 2025, the Axiom-4 (Ax-04) mission has been much in the news since then. What are the key features of the mission? What significance does it hold for the Gaganyaan project and India's long-term space ambitions?","15","250"],[38,"Q.16) Energy storage technology is one of the major components of renewable energy integration and decarbonization of world energy systems. Briefly discuss any three such technologies, citing their key merits and demerits.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17) Global Pandemic Agreement (2025) recognizes the 'One Health' approach as critical to pandemic prevention, preparedness, and response. Highlight the key features of the agreement, and elaborate on how the One Health approach can help in preventing future pandemics. What steps are needed to integrate this approach into India's environmental and health governance?","15","250"],[44,"Q.18) The frequency and intensity of heatwaves, particularly in urban centres, have increased in recent years. Describe the various causes and effects of heatwaves. What policies and frameworks have been adopted in India towards extreme heat risk management?","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 Discuss how emerging technologies and globalization contribute to terror financing. Elaborate measures to tackle the menace of terror financing both at national and international levels.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20) Explain the key components of the National Policy and Action Plan (2015) that have contributed to the significant decline of Left-Wing Extremism (LWE). What additional steps would you suggest to eliminate LWE in the near future?","15","250"],[54,"When must you seek mentorship?","",""]]},{"i":650,"t":"Ritika Chitlangia","c":"Nextias","p":"Essay","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/5/ritika-test-10-1747226197292.pdf","q":[[6,"Q.1 to Q.4 Write one Essay, choosing one topic in about 1000-1200 words each:\nQ.1 Hands that rocks the cradle rules the world.\nQ.2 History repeats itself, first as a tragedy, second as a farce.\nQ.3 I know of no better life purpose than to perish in attempting the great and the impossible.\nQ.4 Every man is born as many men and dies as a single one.\" – Martin Heidegger","125 ×1 = 125","1000-1200"]]},{"i":652,"t":"Ritika Chitlangia","c":"Nextias","p":"Essay","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/5/ritika-test-11-1747226220030.pdf","q":[[6,"Q1 Write one Essay, choosing one topic in about 1000-1200 words each:\nQ1 The measure of a man is what he does with power\nQ2 Social media is more about psychology than technology\nQ3 Poverty is the parent of revolution and crime\nQ4 Preparation through education is less costly than learning through tragedy","125 × 1 = 125","1000-1200"],[20,"Q. The measure of a man is what he does with power.","",""]]},{"i":654,"t":"Ritika Chitlangia","c":"Nextias","p":"Essay","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/5/ritika-test-12-1747226345419.pdf","q":[[8,"Q.1 A sign of intelligence is an awareness of one's own ignorance.","125 1 = 125","about 1000-1200"],[15,"As we stand at the inflexion of the century, question which persist is, can a society without the morals of inclusivity and plurality continue to flourish?","",""],[24,"How every single drop is not responsible for the flood?","",""],[28,"How every single drop is responsible for the flood?","",""],[38,"Q2 Inclusivity & Plurality are hallmarks of peaceful society.","",""]]},{"i":648,"t":"Ritika Chitlangia","c":"Forumias","p":"GS1","y":2024,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/RITIKA-CHITLANGIA-UPSC-2024-Rank-55-MGP-Sample-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) \"Nalanda is a symbol of India's academic heritage and vibrant cultural exchange\". Elucidate with special references to foreign travelers' accounts.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) The period of Delhi Sultans witnessed the emergence of Indo-Persian culture. Discuss the statement with reference to developments in the fields of literature, art and architecture.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) Give a brief account of the contributions of early nationalists to the Indian freedom struggle.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) The Vaikom Satyagraha marked a historic milestone in India's fight against social injustice, demonstrating the power of non-violent resistance in dismantling oppressive caste barriers. Explain.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) The Oslo Accords, once hailed as a landmark diplomatic achievement, failed to address key issues, highlighting the challenges of achieving lasting peace between Israel and Palestine. Analyse.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) What are Northern and Southern lights? Explain the phenomenon and discuss their associated impacts on Earth's atmosphere and human activities.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) Identifying the major automobile clusters in India, enumerate the favourable factors for the location of the automobile industry.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) \"India's diversity is her greatest strength.\" In light of the statement, explain how diversity has enriched and strengthened Indian society.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9) Critically examine the effects of globalization on the youth in India.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10) The recognition of LGBTQ rights in India marks significant progress, but the journey towards full societal integration and acceptance remains arduous, necessitating a profound socio-cultural shift. Elaborate.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11) Throw light upon the importance of seals and sealings in the reconstruction of socio-economic and religious life of the Harappan people. Also, explain why many of the known Harappan settlements are in semi-arid regions.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12) Describe the significance of the Dandi March (1930) as the starting point of the Civil Disobedience Movement. Also, discuss the national and international reactions to the Dandi March and the Salt Satyagraha.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13) Give a reasoned account of the distribution of deserts across the earth with the help of relevant examples.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 Discuss the impact of local winds on their associated regions, citing examples from different parts of the world.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15) Rare Earths Elements (REE) are considered as 'Vitamins of Modern Industry'. In this context, bring out the multi-dimensional implications of uneven distribution of REE in the world.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16 Describe the various factors that influence ocean currents and discuss their multi-dimensional impact.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 Briefly explain the process of tide formation and differentiate between tides and waves.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 While social media facilitates unprecedented connectivity and self-expression, it can also widen social crevices and fractures. In this context, examine the impact of social media on Indian society.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 \"The regionalism in India is both a response to the failures in addressing regional aspirations and as an assertion of socio-cultural identity in the face of perceived marginalization.\" Comment.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 Explain how traditional gender roles and responsibilities exacerbate the vulnerability of women to extreme heat conditions. Suggest strategies to mitigate these vulnerabilities.","15","250"]]},{"i":657,"t":"Ritika Chitlangia","c":"Nextias","p":"GS1","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/5/ritika-test-15-1747226394362.pdf","q":[[6,"1. The ethnic and cultural diversity in India has always been bound by the thread of unity. Discuss the major factors that have contributed to the cultural unity of India.","10","150"],[8,"2. The dichotomy in public and private life in Indian society acts as a major barrier to the annihilation of caste. Justify.","10","150"],[10,"3. In the context of cultural diversity in India, can we consider Southern states as distinct cultural units in comparison to the rest of India? Substantiate your view.","10","150"],[12,"4. India has a rich heritage in the internationalization of education. In this context how will the recent push for the 'internationalization of education' impact society and foster cultural exchange?","10","150"],[14,"5. Examine the uniqueness of tribal knowledge systems when compared with mainstream knowledge and cultural systems.","10","150"],[16,"6. Why do traditions in our society impede change? To what extent can social legislation be instrumental against old customary practices?","15","250"],[19,"7. Do you think that the forces of modernization that catalyzed the eradication of social evils in Indian society have also threatened our cultural values and ethos?","15","Answer in 250"],[22,"8. How does Indian society maintain continuity in traditional social values? Enumerate the changes taking place in it.","15","250"],[25,"9. Analyze the salience of 'sect' in Indian society vis-a-vis caste, region, and religion.","15","250"],[28,"10. Are tolerance, assimilation, and pluralism the key elements in the making of an Indian form of secularism? Justify your answer.","15","Answer in 250"]]},{"i":658,"t":"Ritika Chitlangia","c":"Nextias","p":"GS1","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/5/ritika-test-16-1747226407397.pdf","q":[[6,"1. What are the factors that led to the Russian Revolution and what are the consequences of this revolution? Discuss its influence on the Indian national movement.","10","150"],[8,"2. 'England's Industrial Revolution not only transformed the economic landscape but also had far-reaching social and cultural impacts'. Discuss.","10","Answer in 150"],[10,"3. Throw light upon the successes and failures of the United Nations as an organisation responsible for maintaining world peace.","10","Answer in 150"],[12,"4. What problems were germane to the decolonization process in the Malay Peninsula?","10","Answer in 150"],[14,"5. Write a short note on the policy of Perestroika and Glasnost and how they contributed to the ultimate disintegration of the USSR.","10","150"],[16,"6. 'The hallmark of post-Independent India has been its remarkable strides in science and technology'. To what extent did scientific development during this period put India on the path of modernity?","10","150"],[18,"7. Trace the evolution of the Tribal policy of Independent India with a focus on Tribal Panchsheel.","10","Answer in 150"],[20,"8. Assess the main administrative issues and socio-cultural problems in the integration process of Indian Princely States.","10","150"],[22,"9. Critically examine the compulsions that prompted India to play a decisive role in the emergence of Bangladesh.","10","150"],[24,"10. State the differences and similarities between the ideologies of Nazism and Fascism?","10","Answer in 150"],[26,"11. In what ways did the events of World War I and its immediate aftermath foster the resurgence of nationalism in Africa and Asia?","15","Answer in 250"],[29,"12. The causes of the French Revolution of 1789 included both long-term and structural factors, as well as more immediate events. Discuss.","15","Answer in 250"],[32,"13. The reign of Napolean not only resulted in the redrawing of the political map of Europe but also in numerous Administrative, political and economic reforms. Comment.","15","Answer in 250"],[35,"14. To what extent can Germany be held responsible for Two world wars?","15 marks (2015","Answer in 250"],[38,"15. What are the circumstances that led to the disintegration of the USSR and the end of the Cold War? How did the end of the Cold War contribute to the spread of globalization across the world?","15","Answer in 250"],[41,"16. Despite the initial fears about the linguistic reorganization of states post-independence helped strengthen the unity of India. Discuss.","15","Answer in 250"],[44,"17. The most economically active corridors today overlap with the former green revolution regions in India. In the context of post-independent India how has the Green Revolution in India contributed to agricultural productivity but in hindsight produced a geography of uneven development?","15","250"],[47,"18. The JP Movement was flawed in terms of both its composition and actions and also in the philosophy of its leader. Discuss.","15","250"],[50,"19. The political and administrative reorganization of states and territories has been a continuous ongoing process since the mid-nineteenth century. Discuss with examples.","15","250"],[53,"20. What does the \"Policy of Appeasement\" mean to you? To what degree did it contribute to the start of World War II?","15","Answer in 250"]]},{"i":664,"t":"Ritika Chitlangia","c":"Nextias","p":"GS1","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/5/ritika-test-21-1747226504882.pdf","q":[[6,"1. Discuss the causes of tsunamis and their impact on coastal areas. What measures can be taken to mitigate the impact of tsunamis?","10","150"],[8,"2. India is endowed with large rivers emerging from the Great Himalayas yet the region faces water shortage. Discuss. Also, give solutions to deal with the problem of water shortage.","10","150"],[10,"3. Discuss the different types of soils found in India and their significance for agriculture.","10","150"],[12,"4. Differentiate the causes of landslides in the Himalayan region and Western Ghats.","10","150"],[14,"5. Major hot deserts in the northern hemisphere are located between 20-30 degrees north and on the western side of the continents. Why?","10","150"],[16,"6 Explain the mechanism of the Indian monsoon. What role do El-Nino and La-Nina play in its development over the Indian subcontinent?","15","Answer in 250"],[19,"7. Discuss the ways in which earthquakes can trigger secondary hazards such as landslides, tsunamis, and liquefaction. Assess the relative risks associated with these hazards and the measures that can be taken to mitigate their impact.","15","Answer in 250"],[22,"8. How do the melting of the Arctic ice and glaciers of the Antarctic differently affect the weather patterns and human activities on the Earth? Explain.","15","Answer in 250"],[25,"9. Explain the origin of Indian islands in the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea.","15","Answer in 250"],[28,"10. How has global warming impacted the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events such as cyclones, floods, and droughts, and what are the implications of these changes for vulnerable communities?","15","250"]]},{"i":665,"t":"Ritika Chitlangia","c":"Nextias","p":"GS1","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/5/ritika-test-22-1747226517151.pdf","q":[[6,"1. Discuss the various factors responsible for the uneven temperature distribution on Earth's surface.","10","150"],[8,"2. To what extent does seismic investigation contribute to our understanding of the Earth's interior structure? Analyse its significance in detail.","10","150"],[10,"3. The melting of glaciers due to climate change has serious implications for the ecosystem and human society. Discuss the effects of melting glaciers on the environment and the measures that can be taken to address this issue.","10","150"],[12,"4. The White Revolution was most successful in the Western part of India. Discuss the factors for this regional success of the White Revolution.","10","150"],[14,"5. How will the structural shift from coal-based power plants to renewable energy generation impact human development in coal-bearing states?","10","150"],[16,"6. To what extent temperature and precipitation are the most important factors that determine soil properties?","10","Answer in 150"],[18,"7. Why are severe and intense cyclones becoming a regular phenomenon in the Arabian Sea? Substantiate with examples","10","150"],[20,"8. Numerous foreign travellers have vividly documented their observations of the Vijayanagara Empire over time, offering valuable sources for reconstructing its history. Elucidate.","10","150"],[22,"9. Do you agree that Dr. B.R. Ambedkar's view of the caste problem was more political than social? Also, highlight his efforts aimed at social reform.","10","150"],[24,"10. Discuss the mandate of the Central Administrative Tribunal (CAT). To what extent the jurisdictional tussle between CAT and High courts have been resolved by earlier SC verdicts?","10","150"],[26,"11. The configuration of the ocean floor provides essential information about the geological processes that have shaped the Earth's surface. Discuss the major features of the ocean floor and their significance in the study of oceanography.","15","Answer in 250"],[29,"12. The Indian monsoon is a complex phenomenon influenced by various climatic factors. Critically examine the role of oceanic and atmospheric factors in determining the intensity and distribution of monsoon rainfall in India.","15","250"],[32,"13. How does temperature inversion affect atmospheric conditions and what are its implications for local weather patterns and air pollution levels?","15","250"],[35,"14. With the growing demand for rare earth elements, their distribution has become a critical aspect of the global economy. Discuss the distribution of rare earth elements across the world, their uses, and the environmental impact of their extraction.","15","250"],[38,"15. What are the geographical and economic factors that influence the location of the sugar industry, and how do they contribute to the growth of the industry in India and different parts of the world?","15","Answer in 250"],[41,"16. Tourism in the hilly states is threatening to exceed the ecological carrying capacity of the region. Analyze the factors contributing to this trend and evaluate the potential Environmental impacts of this phenomenon. What measures can be taken to ensure sustainable tourism in these states?","15","Answer in 250"],[44,"17. What are the geographical factors responsible for mangrove vegetation in India? How does climate change pose a threat to mangrove vegetation in India?","15","Answer in 250"],[47,"18. Although desert landscapes across the world reflect many similarities, the process of desertification is influenced by local factors. Elaborate with suitable examples.","15","250"],[50,"19. How has the 69th Constitutional Amendment led to Delhi's dual governance dilemma? Discuss its impact on cooperative federalism as envisaged in the Constitution.","15","Answer in 250"],[53,"20. How did Mahatma Gandhi's participation in the Khilafat Movement illustrate his ability to connect diverse issues and mobilize different communities towards a common cause? To what extent did the Khilafat movement achieve its objective?","15","Answer in 250"]]},{"i":669,"t":"Ritika Chitlangia","c":"Nextias","p":"GS1","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/5/ritika-test-27-1747226607278.pdf","q":[[6,"Q.1 The level of excellence of the administration of the Maurya kingdom was ahead of time and still relevant in present India? Discuss.","10","150"],[8,"Q.2 The rock-cut architecture represents one of the most important sources of our knowledge of early Indian art and history. Discuss.","10","150"],[10,"Q.3 Though not very useful from the point of view of a connected political history of South India, the Sangam literature portrays the social and economic conditions of its time with remarkable vividness. Comment.","10","150"],[12,"Q.4 The fabric of Indian philosophical thought owes as much to Northern India as to Southern India. Elucidate.","10","150"],[14,"Q.5 How did the ancient trade routes connecting India to foreign countries contribute to the exchange and dissemination of culture?","10","150"],[16,"Q.6 How does the Archeological evidence help in piecing together the life of the Harappan civilization?","15","Answer in 250"],[19,"Q.7 How do you explain the decline of Buddhism and Jainism? What was the impact of these philosophies on Indian society?","15","Answer in 250"],[22,"Q.8 Discuss the main contributions of the Gupta period and the Chola period to Indian heritage and culture.","15","250"],[25,"Q.9 Sanskrit literature in general and particularly in the Guptan age set a high watermark for the literary history of ancient India. Discuss.","15","250"],[28,"Q.10 'Although there were many differences between the Gandhara and Mathura art, they considerably influenced the Amravati school of art.' Elaborate.","15","Answer in 250"]]},{"i":670,"t":"Ritika Chitlangia","c":"Nextias","p":"GS1","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/5/ritika-test-28-1747307294971.pdf","q":[[6,"1. How do the foreign accounts help in piecing together the history of Ancient India? Explain with suitable examples.","10","Answer in 150"],[8,"2. Compare and contrast the Nagara and Dravida styles of temple architecture.","10","150"],[10,"3. Indian national congress was not the first political organisation but the culmination of a long process of political development in colonial India. Discuss.","10","150"],[12,"4. The revolt of 1857, called the First Indian War of Independence, was neither \"first\" nor a \"war of independence\". Discuss.","10","150"],[14,"5. Gandhian phase of the national movement brought in a new set of ideas, philosophies and added wind to the sails of the national movement. Discuss.","10","150"],[16,"6. Assess the role of Subash Chandra Bose in India's Struggle for Independence.","10","150"],[18,"7. What was Mountbatten Plan? Highlight the contributions of Lord Mountbatten in the final transfer of power and the ultimate independence of India.","10","Answer in 150"],[20,"8. Why was there a sudden spurt in famines in colonial India since the mid-eighteenth century? Give reasons.","10","150"],[22,"9. The Quit India movement was a people's movement cutting across the class divides but it was the women's leadership that left a clear mark. Analyse.","10","150"],[24,"10. Socio-religious reforms of the 19th Century did not just impact the Hindu society but have impacted other religions too. Comment.","10","150"],[26,"11. Indian Philosophy and tradition played a significant role in conceiving and shaping the monuments and their art in India. Discuss.","15","250"],[29,"12. Discuss the significance of the lion and bull figures in Indian mythology, art and architecture.","15","250"],[32,"13. Within the constitutional field, the moderates never visualised a clinical separation from the British empire; what they wanted was only limited self-government within the imperial framework. In light of this statement discuss the contribution of moderates to the National Movement along with their limitations.","15","250"],[35,"14. 'The English were unwillingly drawn into the political turmoil created by the Indians themselves and were almost forced to acquire Indian territories'. Critically comment on this colonial view of the British conquest of India.","15","250"],[38,"15. What were the factors that helped in the development of Revolutionary extremism in the first half of the 20th Century? What was the impact of revolutionary extremists on the national political scene?","15","250"],[41,"16. Bring out the constructive programmes of Mahatma Gandhi during Non-Cooperation Movement and Civil Disobedience Movement.","15","250"],[44,"17. What are the various ways in which nationalism manifested itself in India during colonial rule?","15","250"],[47,"18. To what extent women participated in different phases of freedom struggle? How did this activism and politicisation of women promote a feminist consciousness in colonial India?","15","Answer in 250"],[50,"19. How did British economic policies favour the Western capitalist class at the expense of India's economic interests? What were the factors which facilitated modest Indian industrial development in the starting decades of the 20th century, despite an obstructing colonial presence?","15","250"],[53,"20. Highlighting the evolution of British Policy on Princely states, discuss the role played by princely states in the Indian national movement.","15","250"]]},{"i":671,"t":"Ritika Chitlangia","c":"Nextias","p":"GS1","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/5/ritika-test-3-1747228309656.pdf","q":[[4,"1. The rule of law and judicial review are interdependent, as one cannot truly exist without the other. In this context can judicial review be considered the most important aspect among those that constitute the basic structure of the Constitution?","10","Answer in 150"],[5,"Importance of Judicial Review vis-a-vis basic structure of constitution","",""],[6,"2 How does the power and authority of Delhi's lieutenant governor compare to that of the governors of other states, particularly in terms of acting on the aid and advice of the council of ministers?","10","150"],[8,"3. Discuss the role of the judiciary in navigating the tension between the right to religion and constitutional morality in India in recent times. Refer to relevant case laws.","10","150"],[10,"4. The principle of 'Separation of Powers' is a key feature of the American Constitution. In this context, compare how the Indian Constitution's functional separation of powers distinguishes itself from the US system. What are the advantages of a check and balance system over a rigid Separation of Powers?","10","150"],[12,"5. The Sixth Schedule of the Indian Constitution is more than a legal provision that empowers tribal regions with self-rule. How does the sixth schedule foster development while respecting their traditional governance systems and cultural practices?","10","150"],[14,"6. Federal governance is characterised by institutionalized arrangements for solving problems generated by pluralism based on consultation and mutual consent. How have Zonal Councils evolved from merely advisory bodies to proactive platforms for action?","10","150"],[16,"7. Secularism under the Indian constitution is encapsulated in the broader concept of constitutional commitment to equality. Discuss.","10","150"],[18,"8 There is a need to shift the focus of Section 8 of the Representation of People Act, 1951 from the duration of the sentence to the gravity of the offence. Comment on how the current classification under Section 8 leads to arbitrary categorisation of offences. Also, mention the remedies available to a person disqualified under this section.","10","150"],[20,"9. What is the significance of the Leader of Opposition in the Indian parliamentary system? How does the role of the opposition contribute to the checks and balances in a democracy?","10","150"],[22,"10. \"The core ideals of the Preamble – sovereignty, socialism, secularism, and democracy – form the bedrock of India's constitutional framework.\" Elucidate.","10","150"],[24,"11. In what ways are the Terms of Reference for the Sixteenth Finance Commission different from the earlier Finance Commissions? Also, examine the factors that propel economic disparities across states, despite the Finance Commission devolution becoming increasingly progressive.","15","250"],[27,"12. Compare and contrast the powers and working of the Ethics Committee and the Privileges Committee in addressing cases of 'unethical' conduct and breach of privileges. How do these Committees complement each other in maintaining parliamentary discipline?","15","250"],[30,"13. In the context of persistent legislative dysfunction in India, analyse the evolving role of judicial activism in shaping public policy and governance. Using examples from landmark court cases, evaluate the effectiveness of judicial interventions in addressing governance gaps and safeguarding citizens' rights.","15","250"],[33,"14. To what extent does the level of internal democracy within political parties impact the functioning and legitimacy of the Indian party system? What reforms can address the challenges of inadequate intraparty democracy in India?","15","250"],[34,"Challenges of Intra-Party Democracy in India","",""],[36,"15. \"The NHRC must not only be a watchdog but also a beacon of hope for the marginalised and oppressed.\" In this context discuss the role and mandate of the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) in India. How does the current composition and functioning of the NHRC affect its independence and effectiveness?","15","250"],[37,"composition of NHRC and its independence and effectiveness\n(a) CM of NCC\n(b) NCST\n(c) NCBC\n(d) Person with Disabilities\n(e) minority linguistic officer\n(f)","",""],[39,"16 Electoral funding in India is fraught with the double whammy of legal loopholes and political inefficiencies. In this context, discuss the challenges to electoral funding. What lessons can India draw from global best practices in this regard?","15","250"],[42,"17. Pressure groups form the social foundation of a democracy. In this context, discuss pressure groups' key contributions in promoting social security measures for workers in India, and how they address the gaps in existing policies.","15","Answer in 250"],[45,"18. The Constitution envisages the \"principle of federal supremacy\" in the executive space of Indian federal polity. Discuss while referring to the relevant Constitutional provisions and case laws. How are contentious issues regarding the distribution of powers resolved?","15","250"],[48,"19. Delimitation of seats is essential to ensure fair representation and uphold the principles of one vote, one value. Highlighting the challenges posed by misrepresentation in constituencies analyse the ramifications of population-based delimitation in creating federal tension.","15","250"],[51,"20. To what extent can the PIL system be held responsible for shifting the focus of the higher Courts from \"constitutional matters\" to day-to-day matters? What role can the trial Courts play in reducing the overall burden on higher Courts?","15","250"]]},{"i":649,"t":"Ritika Chitlangia","c":"Nextias","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/5/ritika-test-1-1747228262606.pdf","q":[[4,"1. \"Parliament is a creature of the constitution, not its master\". Highlighting relevant case laws discuss how judicial intervention has shaped the balance between the Constitution and parliamentary sovereignty.","10","150"],[6,"2. How do the citizenship laws and policies of India and the United States differ within their constitutional frameworks? Comment on the ongoing debate on citizenship laws and policies in India and the US.","10","Answer in 150"],[8,"3. \"The right to internet access is integral to the realization and exercise of other fundamental rights in India.\" In this context examine how the recognition of internet access as a fundamental right in India reconciles with the state's authority to impose restrictions.","10","150"],[10,"4. How did the 44th Constitutional Amendment impact the emergency provisions in the Indian Constitution?","10","Answer in 150"],[12,"5. What are the powers and immunities of the Governor in relation to bills passed by the state legislature? Are these powers unlimited in nature? Discuss in light of relevant judgements.","10","Answer in 150"],[14,"6. Do you think that lateral entry can significantly enhance the effectiveness of the Indian bureaucracy?","10","150"],[16,"7. The demand for a caste census and the sub-categorization of castes reflects the failure of neoliberalism to address India's caste problem. Discuss.","10","150"],[18,"8. Despite significant advancements, women remain underrepresented in STEM fields. What are the barriers to women's participation in STEM, and what policy interventions can address these challenges to promote gender equity?","10","150"],[20,"9. 'The expansion of BRICS signals a shift towards a more multipolar world order.' Discuss how this expanded grouping presents India with opportunities to enhance its global leadership while introducing certain challenges.","10","Answer in 150"],[22,"10. Strategically located ports are vital assets in regional and economic integration. In this context discuss the significance of ports like Chabahar and Sittwe in India's strategy to enhance connectivity and their contribution to India's geopolitical objectives.","10","150"],[24,"11. How does mediation differ from arbitration? In light of the recent enactment of the Mediation Act, of 2023, assess its potential to address the backlog of litigations in Indian courts and foster a culture of voluntary mediation, especially among private players and public-sector undertakings.","15","250"],[27,"12. The federal character of a nation comprising elective bodies at different levels is best secured through a bicameral legislature. In this context, discuss how a bicameral legislature supports federalism in India. What additional measures can be taken to strengthen the federal structure and ensure effective representation of states in national governance?","15","250"],[30,"13. An Independent Parliamentary Secretariat is the backbone of a robust democracy, ensuring non-partisan support to Parliament in carrying out its core functions. Discuss.","15","250"],[33,"14. Given the significant role of Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) in local governance, assess the challenges and opportunities in strengthening their financial autonomy. How can reforms in PRI financing contribute to more effective grassroots governance in India?","15","Answer in 250"],[36,"15. Despite the absence of a constitutional mandate, the National Commission for Women (NCW) has had a significant impact in influencing legal reforms and securing gender justice in India. Do you agree?","15","250"],[39,"16. In post-liberalized India, independent regulators were established to ensure fair competition and transparency. To what extent have independent regulators been effective in their mandates and discuss the impact of government influence on their autonomy.","15","250"],[42,"17. How does the Nari Shakti Vandan Adhiniyam, 2023 aim to reshape the patriarchal dynamics of Indian politics? Do you think it might encounter similar limitations as those seen in local self-government institutions?","15","Answer in 250"],[45,"18. Hunger is both a cause and a consequence of poverty, and addressing it requires a multidimensional approach. Analyze the effectiveness of a multidimensional approach with examples from key government initiatives.","15","Answer in 250"],[48,"19. The African Union's inclusion in the G-20 marks a significant step towards strengthening South-South cooperation. Discuss the importance of this development for India and its implications for India's relations with Africa.","15","250"],[51,"20 What are the key challenges associated with the IMF and World Bank in addressing the needs of developing countries? Also, assess the need for reforms in Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) to address the evolving global challenges.","15","Answer in 250"]]},{"i":651,"t":"Ritika Chitlangia","c":"Nextias","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/5/ritika-test-10-1747228522461.pdf","q":[[4,"1. (a) Do you think it is ethically justified for political leaders to violate the deepest constraints of morality in order to achieve great goods or avoid disasters for their communities? Justify your position with suitable examples","10","150"],[6,"1. (b) There is growing evidence that when it comes to moral judgment, human beings appear to be best characterised not as intuitive Deontologists or Consequentialists but as intuitive virtue theorists. Critically analyse the statement.","10","150"],[8,"2. (a) While formal codes of conduct can sometimes be a useful guide, developing those traits of character that are particularly suited to the administrator's role is at the core of professional ethics. Identify five ethical attributes suitable for an administrator and explain how they can be developed.","10","150"],[10,"2 (b) What do you understand by political responsibility, professional responsibility and personal responsibility? In situations of conflict among the three, what responsibility must the public servant prioritise and why? Illustrate with suitable examples.","10","150"],[12,"3. (a) In the context of civil service, what do you understand by 'acts of conscience'? Illustrate with an example. In your opinion, what can be the basis of acts of conscience? Explain.","10","150"],[14,"3. (b) Critically examine the role of educational institutions in shaping ethical decision-making skills in future civil servants. How effective are current educational paradigms in instilling ethical behaviour among the youth?","10","150"],[16,"4. (a) Examine the ethical challenges administrators face while employing persuasion and social influence techniques to promote social and health interventions in rural India. Illustrate with suitable examples.","10","150"],[18,"4. (b) Critically examine the impact of the Right to Information (RTI) on enhancing ethical accountability in public administration. How effective has RTI been in preventing bureaucratic corruption and improving service delivery?","10","150"],[20,"5. (a) Discuss the ethical implications of maintaining high-quality service delivery in public administration. How does probity in governance influence the efficiency and responsiveness of public services, particularly in addressing the needs of marginalised communities?","10","150"],[22,"5. (b) Critically assess the role of regulatory frameworks in enforcing ethical standards in corporate governance. How can these frameworks be designed to encourage ethical behaviour without stifling innovation?","10","Answer in 150"],[24,"6. Discuss what the following quotes mean to you.\n(a) \"It is not because men's desires are strong that they act ill; it is because their consciences are weak.\" J S Mill","10","Answer in 150"],[26,"6. (b) \"A just society is that society in which an ascending sense of reverence and descending sense of contempt is dissolved into the creation of a compassionate society.\" B R Ambedkar","10","Answer in 150"],[28,"6. (c) \"It is unwise to be too sure of one's own wisdom. It is healthy to be reminded that the strongest might weaken and the wisest might err.\" Mahatma Gandhi. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[30,"7 (a) दुर्घटना मामले में कौन से मुद्दे शामिल हैं?\n(b) आपके और सी.एम.डी. के लिए कौन से विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\n(c) संयंत्र के स्थानांतरण के कारण होने वाले संभावित आर्थिक व्यवस्थाओं के विरुद्ध आपको किस प्रकार सार्वजनिक स्वास्थ्य चिंताओं को प्राथमिकता देनी चाहिए? इस निर्णय को किन नैतिक सिद्धांतों द्वारा निर्देशित किया जाना चाहिए? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए) 20 अंक\na) दुर्घटना मामले में कौन से मुद्दे शामिल हैं?\nb) आपके और सी.एम.डी. के लिए कौन से विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\nc) संयंत्र के स्थानांतरण के कारण होने वाले संभावित आर्थिक व्यवस्थाओं के विरुद्ध आपको किस प्रकार सार्वजनिक स्वास्थ्य चिंताओं को प्राथमिकता देनी चाहिए? इस निर्णय को किन नैतिक सिद्धांतों द्वारा निर्देशित किया जाना चाहिए?","20 अंक","250 शब्दों"],[31,"(a) What are the issues involved in the above case?\n(b) What are the options available to you and the CMD?\n(c) How should you prioritise public health concerns against the potential economic disruptions caused by the relocation of the plant? What ethical principles should guide this decision?\na) What are the issues involved in the above case?\nb) What are the options available to you and the CMD?\nc) How should you prioritise public health concerns against the potential economic disruptions caused by the relocation of the plant? What ethical principles should guide this decision?","20","Answer in 250"],[36,"8 As an Executive Assistant to the Director of Purchase in a governmental department, you play a critical role in managing and overseeing the procurement process. Recently, the department issued a public works tender; as the bids begin to come in, you are confronted with an issue that tests your professional responsibilities and moral judgment.\n\nTwo days before the scheduled opening of the bids, you receive alarming information from a reliable source alleging bid rigging. Bid rigging is a serious offence involving collusion among potential contractors to manipulate the bidding process, often resulting in higher costs and reduced quality of work. This undermines the procurement process's integrity and results in significant financial losses to the public.\n(a) इस मामले में नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं?\n(b) बोली-धांधली के बारे में जानकारी छिपाने के निदेशक के अनुरोध का अनुपालन करने के संभावित नैतिक और व्यावसायिक परिणाम क्या हैं? वर्णन कीजिए।\n(c) जांच समिति से जानकारी छिपाने के निदेशक के अनुरोध के आलोक में, आपका अपने वरिष्ठ के प्रति अपनी वफादारी के साथ अनैतिक प्रथाओं की रिपोर्ट करने के अपने कर्तव्य को कैसे संतुलित करना चाहिए? इस स्थिति में आपको किन नैतिक सिद्धांतों के आधार पर निर्णय लेना चाहिए? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए) 20 अंक","20 अंक","250"],[37,"(a) What are the ethical issues involved in the case?\n(b) What are the potential ethical and professional consequences of complying with the Director's request to conceal the information about the bid-rigging? Explain\n(c) In light of the Director's request to withhold information from the enquiry committee, how should you balance your duty to report unethical practices with your loyalty to your superior? What ethical principles should guide your decision in this situation?\na) What are the ethical issues involved in the case?\nb) What are the potential ethical and professional consequences of complying with the Director's request to conceal the information about the bid-rigging? Explain\nc) In light of the Director's request to withhold information from the enquiry committee, how should you balance your duty to report unethical practices with your loyalty to your superior? What ethical principles should guide your decision in this situation?","20","Answer in 250"],[42,"9. As an Audit Officer, your primary duty is to ensure that public funds are utilized according to the budgetary allocations and legal mandates set by governing bodies. This role demands a high level of integrity, strict adherence to rules, and a commitment to transparent financial management. During a routine audit of a district's expenditures, you encounter a significant irregularity that challenges your ethical principles and professional responsibilities.\n\nWhile reviewing the district's spending, you discover that the District Magistrate (DM) has diverted funds allocated for road construction and improving village connectivity to construct a new school. The funds were explicitly earmarked for infrastructure projects aimed at enhancing transportation in rural areas. Redirecting these funds to a different project, even one as important as a school, constitutes a violation of the approved budgetary allocations and could be seen as a misallocation of resources.\n\nThe DM acknowledges the diversion of funds but justifies the decision by emphasizing the critical need for educational infrastructure in the district. He explains that the area is severely lacking in schools, with overcrowded classrooms and a growing population of school-age children. According to the DM, while road connectivity is important, the immediate need for a new school was more pressing, and the long-term benefits of investing in education far outweigh the temporary setback in road infrastructure.\n(a) What are the issues involved in the given case?\n(b) How should the Audit Officer balance the need for strict adherence to budgetary allocations with the District Magistrate's approach that prioritizes the community's best interest in constructing the school? Should the officer prioritize legal and procedural integrity over the public benefits?\n(c) What are the possible consequences of reporting the misallocation of funds? Should the Audit Officer consider the impact of such a report on the District Magistrate, the district, and future financial allocations?","20","250"],[43,"This situation places you in a difficult position. As an Audit Officer, you must decide whether to prioritise strict adherence to rules or to consider the broader context and the potential benefits of the DM's actions.\n(a) What are the issues involved in the above case?\n(b) How should the Audit Officer balance the need for strict adherence to budgetary allocations with the DM's argument that the school's construction was in the community's best interest? Should the officer prioritise legal and procedural correctness over perceived public benefits?\n(c) What are the potential consequences of reporting the misallocation of funds? Should the Audit Officer consider the impact of such a report on the DM, the district, and future funding allocations when making the decision?","20","Answer in 250"],[47,"10 As the Superintendent of Police (SP) in a district with a sizable forested area, you face a complex situation that involves the delicate balance between conservation efforts and the rights of indigenous tribal communities. The district is home to a significant tribal population that has historically lived on the edges of the forest, relying on agriculture, goat rearing, and collecting forest produce for their livelihood. However, as the tribal population has grown, so too has their encroachment into the forest, leading to an increase in human-animal conflicts and the illegal killing of protected wildlife. The District Forest Officer (DFO), tasked with protecting the forest and its wildlife, has responded by fencing off forest zones and removing tribal inhabitants from encroached lands. This action has led to rising tensions and law-and-order issues in the district, placing you in a challenging position as the district's senior law enforcement officer.\n(a) Should the Superintendent of Police prioritize immediate law enforcement to restore order or focus on long-term conflict resolution addressing the root causes of unrest? How can the SP ensure that both short-term and long-term objectives are met?\n(b) What are the ethical dilemmas and challenges faced by the Superintendent of Police in this situation?\n(c) Considering the tense and unstable situation, what actions should the Superintendent of Police take? Discuss. (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[48,"(a) Should the SP prioritise immediate law enforcement to restore order or focus on long-term conflict resolution that addresses the root causes of the unrest? How can the SP ensure that both short-term and long-term goals are met?\n(b) What are the ethical issues and dilemmas that confront the SP?\n(c) Given the tense and volatile situation, what must the SP's course of action be? Discuss","20","Answer in 250"],[52,"11 You are a senior civil servant working as the Chief Development Officer (CDO) in a district where a major rural development initiative is underway. The project, aimed at improving infrastructure and providing essential services to marginalised communities, is a high-priority program for state and central governments. Your role involves overseeing the project's implementation, ensuring efficient use of public resources, and maintaining adherence to legal and procedural standards.\n\nAs the project progresses, two senior authorities issue two conflicting directives, placing you in a tough situation.\n\nThe Chief Secretary of the state government, who is your immediate superior, issues a directive instructing you to expedite the project to ensure its completion before the upcoming elections. The directive urges you to take all necessary measures to meet the deadline, including bypassing standard procurement procedures if needed. The underlying message is clear: the project's success is critical, and delays are unacceptable.\n\nSimultaneously, you receive a directive from the Central Government's Anti-Corruption Unit, which has been alerted to potential irregularities in the project's procurement process. This directive instructs you to halt the project and thoroughly audit all contracts awarded for procedural correctness. The directive emphasises the importance of maintaining transparency and accountability in public spending and warns against any shortcuts that could compromise the project's integrity.\n(a) In the given situation, what are the ethical issues and dilemmas involved?\n(b) What options are available to the CDO? What should be the course of action?\n(c) How should a civil servant prioritize conflicting directives from senior officers? What ethical principles should guide the decision-making process?","20","250"],[53,"As the CDO, you are now caught between two conflicting directives, each with its own ethical and professional implications.\n(a) What ethical issues and dilemmas are involved in the above case?\n(b) What are the options available to the CDO? What must be the CDO's chosen course of action?\n(c) How should a civil servant prioritise between conflicting directives from different senior authorities? What ethical principles should guide this decision-making process?","20","Answer in 250"],[57,"12 (a) उपयुक्त मामले में व्यावसायिक नैतिकता के मुद्दे क्या हैं?\n(b) नियामक निकायों को अपने अधिकारियों के बीच हितों के टकराव को रोकने के लिए क्या कदम उठाने चाहिए? निर्णय लेने के बाद हितों के टकराव का पता चलने पर उसका प्रबंधन किस प्रकार किया जाना चाहिए?\n(c) ऐसी स्थितियों में जहाँ लाभप्रदता और नैतिक उत्तरदायित्व में टकराव दिखाई देता हो वहाँ कंपनियों को इन चुनौतियों से किस प्रकार निपटना चाहिए? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए) 20 अंक\na) उपयुक्त मामले में व्यावसायिक नैतिकता के मुद्दे क्या हैं?\nb) नियामक निकायों को अपने अधिकारियों के बीच हितों के टकराव को रोकने के लिए क्या कदम उठाने चाहिए? निर्णय लेने के बाद हितों के टकराव का पता चलने पर उसका प्रबंधन किस प्रकार किया जाना चाहिए?\nc) ऐसी स्थितियों में जहाँ लाभप्रदता और नैतिक उत्तरदायित्व में टकराव दिखाई देता हो वहाँ कंपनियों को इन चुनौतियों से किस प्रकार निपटना चाहिए?","20 अंक","250 शब्दों में"],[58,"(a) What are the business ethics issues present in the above case?\n(b) What steps should regulatory bodies take to prevent conflicts of interest among their officials? How should conflicts of interest be managed when they are discovered after a decision has been made?\n(c) In situations where profitability and ethical responsibility appear to conflict, how should companies navigate these challenges?\na) What are the business ethics issues present in the above case?\nb) What steps should regulatory bodies take to prevent conflicts of interest among their officials? How should conflicts of interest be managed when they are discovered after a decision has been made?\nc) In situations where profitability and ethical responsibility appear to conflict, how should companies navigate these challenges?","20","Answer in 250"]]},{"i":662,"t":"Ritika Chitlangia","c":"Nextias","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/5/ritika-test-2-1747228295989.pdf","q":[[4,"Q.1 Examine the role of numismatic evidence in understanding the political and economic history of ancient India. Provide specific examples.","Marks 10",""],[6,"Q.2 Highlighting the elements of urbanization discuss how agriculture played a pivotal role in the enduring success and longevity of the Harrapan Civilization.","Marks 10",""],[7,"Role Agriculture in success of Harappan civilisation","",""],[8,"Q.3 The Quit India Movement marked the awakening of the nation's soul and brought diverse sections together in a unified vision of Independence. Discuss","Marks 10",""],[10,"Q.4 \"The dual struggle against entrenched social customs and colonial dominance was a prominent feature of socio-religious reform movements in 19th century India.\" How did the socio-religious reform movements of 19th century India respond to colonial cultural and ideological hegemony?","Marks 10",""],[12,"Q.5 Do you think the Uniform Civil Code contradicts the idea of religious pluralism and cultural differences in Indian society?","Marks 10",""],[14,"Q.6 Discuss the concept of healthy active ageing in the context of demographic shifts in India. How does it contribute to social inclusion?","Marks 10",""],[16,"Q.7 How is the transition from 'conscious consumption' to 'compulsive consumption' impacting family structure and dynamics in urban areas?","Marks 10",""],[18,"Q.8 What is gender fluid identity, and what are the LGBTQ community's ongoing challenges to full societal inclusion and equal treatment?","Marks 10",""],[20,"Q.9 How does the interplay between regional and national identities fuel the emergence of regionalistic sentiments? How can we balance regional identities with broader national identity?","Marks 10",""],[22,"Q.10 How do various cultural practices and traditions contribute to the idea of \"Unity in Diversity\"? Provide examples to support your argument.","Marks 10",""],[24,"Q.11 Discuss with examples the key features of Vijayanagara architecture. How did Indo-Islamic elements manifest in their structures?","Marks 15",""],[27,"Q.12 Compare and contrast the features of ancient Indian universities like Nalanda and Takshashila with modern state-funded universities in India. What lessons can modern universities learn from ancient ones to improve their effectiveness?","Marks 15",""],[30,"Q.13 How did the British policies contribute to the de-industrialization of India, and how did this process affect the lives of Indian artisans and the broader economy?","Marks 15",""],[33,"Q.14 Analyze the ideological differences and similarities between the revolutionary movement (1920-1930s) and the Gandhian non-violent struggle. How did these two ideologies influence each other?","Marks 15",""],[36,"Q.15 'Social mobility is essential for achieving true equality within society'. In this context highlight the barriers to intergenerational mobility in Indian society, and discuss the role of education on social mobility.","Marks 15",""],[39,"Q.16 Analyze the influence of globalization on migration patterns in India. What are the economic and social implications of increased internal and international migration?","Marks 15",""],[42,"Q.17 Discuss how gender-based violence in India is a manifestation of patriarchal values. To what extent has modernisation in law served as an instrument of women's empowerment in this regard?","Marks 15",""],[45,"Q.18 In what ways do social media platforms perpetuate and challenge social inequalities and power structures? Provide a critical analysis.","Marks 15",""],[48,"Q.19 Give a comparative analysis of the tribal and mainstream societies. Is tribal society more progressive than mainstream society? Argue with examples","Marks 15",""],[51,"Q.20 In what ways does poverty intersect with other social problems like caste, social stratification, and gender inequality? What comprehensive strategies do you suggest to address these interrelated issues?","Marks 15",""]]},{"i":667,"t":"Ritika Chitlangia","c":"Nextias","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/5/ritika-test-25-1747226575083.pdf","q":[[6,"1. Discuss the safeguards available to civil servants against the 'Doctrine of Pleasure' under Article 310 of the Indian constitution.","10","150"],[8,"2. Discuss the role of the National Commission for Backward Classes in the wake of its transformation from a statutory body to a constitutional body.","10","150"],[10,"3. \"The Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) has a very vital role to play.\" Explain how this is reflected in the method and terms of his appointment as well as the range of powers he can exercise.","10","150"],[12,"4. Recognizing the pivotal role of urbanization as a driver of national economic growth, the Fifteenth Finance Commission has suggested major reforms for Urban Local Bodies. Evaluate the recommendations put forward by the Fifteenth Finance Commission in promoting and revitalizing ULBs in India.","10","Answer in 150"],[14,"5. Cooperative federalism finds its true expression in the mandate and function of the GST council'. Analyse.","10","150"],[16,"6. \"The Attorney-General is the chief legal adviser and lawyer of the Government of India.\" Discuss.","15","250"],[19,"7. The key to effective decentralization is, 'political decentralization should follow finance and functional decentralization'. Discuss in the context of impediments faced by local governance in India.","15","250"],[22,"8. What are the powers and functions of the National Commission for Scheduled Caste (NCSC)? Discuss the performance of NCSC in protecting and promoting the rights of Scheduled Caste.","15","250"],[25,"9. Highlighting the concerns related to the Terms of Reference (TOR) of the Fifteenth Finance Commission discuss how the commission has balanced conflicting interests.","15","250"],[28,"10. \"Interstate border disputes, if not promptly and impartially settled, can transform into persistent issues that impede development and generate friction\". Highlighting the constitutional and legal framework to resolve interstate disputes, explain why Independent India has failed to resolve inter-state border disputes.","15","Answer in 250"]]},{"i":668,"t":"Ritika Chitlangia","c":"Nextias","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/5/ritika-test-26-1747226589083.pdf","q":[[6,"Q.1 There is a need to resolve the ambiguity in the disqualification provisions under section 8 of the Representation of People Act 1951. Discuss.","10","150"],[8,"Q.2 Highlight the key differences in the scope of Freedom of speech and expression as provided under Parliamentary privileges vis a vis Fundamental rights. Why is it necessary to maintain a balance between parliamentary privilege and fundamental rights?","10","150"],[10,"Q.3 \"Electoral bonds are a double-edged sword, providing anonymity to donors while raising concerns about transparency in political funding.\" To what extent have electoral bonds further legitimized opacity in electoral funding?","10","150"],[12,"Q.4 The Indian constitution has not only served as a political blueprint but also provides a social framework. In this context discuss the changing contours of socialism in the last 75 years of the constitution.","10","150"],[14,"Q.5 Discuss the key function of the Public Accounts Committee (PAC). What steps should be taken to revamp the Public Accounts Committee (PAC) in order to enhance its effectiveness as a true guardian of public funds?","10","Answer in 150"],[16,"Q.6 \"The Indian party system is passing through a phase of transition which looks to be full of contradictions and paradoxes.\" Discuss.","10","150"],[18,"Q.7 The lack of effective functioning in local bodies partly results from their incapability to generate independent financial resources. Discuss.","10","150"],[20,"Q.8 \"The harmonious coexistence of Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles lays the foundation for a just and equitable society, where individual liberties and collective welfare complement each other.\" - Dr. B.R. Ambedkar. Discuss the harmonious relationship between Fundamental Rights & Directive Principles in light of Supreme Court judgments.","10","150"],[22,"Q.9 \"In the spirit of unity and efficiency, One Nation, One Election stands as a powerful step towards streamlining our democratic process.\" Comment.","10","150"],[24,"Q.10 Under what circumstances can the Governor use his discretionary powers under Article 200 of the constitution? Discuss its impact on the role and authority of the Governor in the federal setup.","10","150"],[26,"Q.11 The office of the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) has faced criticism and challenges, primarily due to concerns about its autonomy, transparency, and susceptibility to external influences. Discuss and suggest reforms to uphold its credibility and effectiveness.","15","Answer in 250"],[29,"Q.12 How has the Anti-Defection Law impacted the relationship between political parties and individual legislators in India? In light of recent examples also discuss the unintended consequences it has on the functioning of democracy in India.","15","250"],[32,"Q.13 'S.R. Bommai v. Union of India signified a paradigm shift in the judicial interpretation of the union's authority to assume control of a state's administration.' In this context discuss the significance and impact of the judgement on cementing the federal structure.","15","250"],[35,"Q.14 The doctrine of Parliamentary sovereignty and judicial supremacy has exerted considerable influence in shaping the constitutional frameworks of India and the USA. Citing relevant case laws discuss the role of the judiciary in influencing the constitutions in these countries. Is the scope of judicial review wider in India?","15","250"],[38,"Q.15 'Delimitation of seats is essential to ensure fair representation and uphold the principles of one vote, one value'. Highlighting the challenges posed by misrepresentation in constituencies analyze the ramifications of population based delimitation in creating federal tension.","15","Answer in 250"],[41,"Q.16 Rajya Sabha has been transformed from a 'useless stepney tyre' to the most useful supporting organ in the past few decades. Highlight the factors as well as the areas in which this transformation could be visible.","15","250"],[44,"Q.17 Though the Human Rights Commissions have contributed immensely to the protection of human rights in India, yet they have failed to assert themselves against the mighty and powerful. Analyzing their structural and practical limitations, suggest remedial measures.","15","250"],[47,"Q.18 Discuss the role of the Supreme Court of India in strengthening the hands of the Election Commission in the discharge of its constitutional responsibility of conducting free and fair elections in the country.","15","250"],[50,"Q.19 Discuss the crucial role played by the National Commission of Women in shaping the discourse on gender-sensitive laws in India. To what extent the elevation of the National Commission for Women to a constitutional body would reinforce its authority?","15","Answer in 250"],[53,"Q.20 Discuss the role of the Election Commission of India in light of the evolution of the Model Code of Conduct.","15","250"]]},{"i":672,"t":"Ritika Chitlangia","c":"Nextias","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/5/ritika-test-4-1747228326193.pdf","q":[[4,"Q.1 How do partnerships between Civil Society Organizations and Government entities contribute to India's development goals?","10","150"],[6,"Q.2 Discuss the importance of cultivating a culture of life-long learning among Indian civil servants. How has Mission Karmyogi contributed to this objective? Illustrate with examples.","10","150"],[8,"Q.3 E-governance is not just about efficiency; it's about making governance accessible and inclusive for every citizen. Explain.","10","150"],[10,"Q.4 Given India's strides in reducing extreme poverty, should the country consider redefining its poverty line to better reflect the current socio-economic realities? Discuss the potential benefits and challenges associated with redefinition of the poverty line.","10","150"],[12,"Q.5 Assess the implications of the 103rd Constitutional Amendment, which introduced a ten per cent reservation for Economically Weaker Sections (EWS), on the principle of social justice in India.","10","150"],[14,"Q.6 The focus of welfare schemes in India is shifting from \"well-being\" towards \"over-dependency\". In light of this, do you agree that welfare schemes have inculcated a \"freebies culture\" in India leading to a divergence of focus from poverty and hunger alleviation?","10","150"],[16,"Q.7 Evaluate the impact of the deepening political divisions within the major Western States on global governance and international cooperation. How should India navigate these divisions to advance its national interests on the global stage?","10","150"],[18,"Q.8 How does India's Arctic Policy align with its broader foreign policy objectives? Broadly discuss the collaborations and agreements India is involved in with the Arctic Council.","10","150"],[20,"Q.9 With the advent of new regional and multilateral agreements like QUAD, AUKUS, I2U2 etc the old world order represented by organizations like NAM, Davos, and G77 is losing its relevance. Discuss.","10","150"],[22,"Q.10 The island states and territories from the South Pacific to the African coast have become new nodes in India's changing strategic geography. In this context, highlight the importance of these island states for India and also throw light upon the initiatives taken by India to strengthen ties with these states.","10","150"],[24,"Q.11 Achievement of Sustainable Development Goals requires consideration of regional context and local situations. In light of this statement examine the role of Panchayats as catalysts for grassroot development and advancing sustainable development.","15","250"],[27,"Q.12 India's higher education system needs significant reforms to align with global standards. How does the New Education Policy (NEP) 2020 aim to address these challenges, and what lessons can India learn from international practices to enhance its higher education system? Discuss.","15","250"],[30,"Q.13 The Right to Information (RTI) Act is hailed for its transformative impact on the quest for transparency and accountability in Indian governance. However, multifaceted challenges and systemic limitations impede its effective implementation. Discuss. Also, suggest measures for its effective implementation.","15","250"],[33,"Q.14 The persistent health equity challenges in India pose a critical barrier to achieving Universal Health Coverage. In this context discuss the role of the public and private sectors in ensuring adequate health access and outcomes across rural and urban areas.","15","250"],[36,"Q.15 What are the implications of the POCSO Act on the rights and welfare of children in India? Analyze the role of the POCSO Act in transforming India's legal framework for child protection.","15","250"],[39,"Q.16 Discuss the unique challenges and opportunities Self Help Groups (SHGs) encounter in urban areas compared to rural ones, and how can microfinance be adapted to tackle urban poverty.","15","250"],[42,"Q.17 Examine the influence of human rights issues and democratic values on the diplomatic relationship between the U.S. and India. How have these concerns affected bilateral engagements and what can be done to mitigate tensions arising from these issues?","15","250"],[45,"Q.18 Examine the geopolitical challenges India faces in South Asia despite its global rise. How can India navigate these challenges to strengthen its regional leadership?","15","250"],[48,"Q.19 Highlight the significance of the recently envisaged India-Middle East-Europe corridor for India's connectivity with the world, especially the West. Do you think, in recent times, transport and energy initiatives have taken precedence in India's foreign policy?","15","250"],[51,"Q.20 Despite the recent rise in politically contentious issues, the India-Canada bilateral relationship has remained committed to shared values of democracy, pluralism, expanding economic engagement and long-standing people-to-people ties. Highlighting the significant pillars of the India-Canada relationship, discuss the potential areas of cooperation and collaboration between India and Canada.","15","250"]]},{"i":673,"t":"Ritika Chitlangia","c":"Nextias","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/5/ritika-test-5-1747228349207.pdf","q":[[4,"Q.1 Highlighting the factors contributing to a high fiscal deficit in India, discuss the potential consequences of such deficit and suggest measures to ensure fiscal consolidation.","10","150"],[6,"Q.2 India's aspiration to be a developed nation by 2047 hinges on significant capital investment. In light of this, discuss the potential of capital investment in achieving this vision. What are the challenges India faces in this regard?","10","150"],[8,"Q.3 Comment on the important changes with respect to the Long-Term Capital Gains (LTCG) and Securities Transaction Tax (STT) in the Union Budget 2024-25. Evaluate the impact of such changes on India's savings and investment regime.","10","150"],[10,"Q.4 India's welfare scheme has undergone a shift from an input-based approach to outcome-based empowerment with the maxim of \"no person left behind\". In light of the above statement, discuss how this change in the approach of the government has fostered inclusive growth.","10","150"],[12,"Q.5 \"With growing urbanization, peri-urban agriculture is emerging as a significant contributor to fresh farm produce needs\". In this context, discuss the opportunities and challenges associated with promoting peri-urban agriculture in a sustainable manner.","10","150"],[14,"Q6 What are the major challenges faced by India's agriculture sector to achieve self-sufficiency in pulses and vegetable oils? Suggest measures to address these challenges.","10","150"],[16,"Q.7 The rainfed nature of India's agriculture makes it more susceptible to climate change. Highlight the importance of quality irrigation in the climate-adaptability of agriculture. What measures can be undertaken to improve the overall efficiency of the available irrigation practices in India?","10","150"],[18,"Q.8 Considering the importance of livestock in Indian agriculture, analyze how investment in animal husbandry can help in incentivizing Indian agriculture.","10","150"],[20,"Q.9 Examine the key features of the Carbon Credit Trading Scheme (CCTS) 2023. Analyze its potential for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions in India.","10","150"],[22,"Q.10 The Public Accounts Committee has recently flagged concerns about the rising menace of plastic pollution. In this context, highlight the recent initiatives taken by the Government to curb plastic pollution.","10","10"],[24,"Q.11 India's economic growth story is often overshadowed by the persistent challenges of unemployment. Analyze the concept of structural unemployment and discuss its relevance in the context of India's current economic situation. Suggest policy measures to promote inclusive job growth.","15","250"],[27,"Q.12 Discuss the role of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in fostering regional growth in India. How can MSMEs contribute to achieving industrial diversification and technological advancement?","15","250"],[30,"Q.13 While startups in India have achieved notable success in fostering entrepreneurship and innovation in the economy, there are certain structural issues challenging the sustainability of startups in India. Elucidate upon these challenges faced by startups and recommend practical solutions to the problems.","15","250"],[33,"Q.14 Critically evaluate the effectiveness of public-private partnerships in the modernization of railway infrastructure in India. Considering safety as one of the major challenges for railways, what measures can be taken to improve the overall safety parameters of Indian Railways?","15","250"],[36,"Q.15 Discuss the role of the Food Corporation of India (FCI) in the Public Distribution System (PDS) to ensure food security in India. Suggest necessary reforms in the functioning of FCI to enhance its efficiency and effectiveness.","15","250"],[39,"Q.16 Discuss the role of nanotechnology in enhancing agricultural productivity and food security in India. Highlight recent developments and potential benefits and risks of the use of nanofertilizers and nano-pesticides.","15","250"],[42,"Q.17 \"Farming becomes remunerative if the produce reaches our plates in time\". In this context, highlight the upstream and downstream issues faced by the agriculture marketing and transport sector in India. What initiatives can be undertaken to improve the overall efficiency of the sector?","15","250"],[45,"Q.18 India's agriculture export-import policies are tilted more towards the consumers rather than the farmers. In light of the given statement, critically analyze the impact of import and export policies on farmers. What measures can be undertaken to shield farmers from import-export price shocks?","15","250"],[48,"Q.19 Evaluate the role of protected areas in biodiversity conservation in India. How effective have national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, and biosphere reserves been in preserving India's biodiversity?","15","250"],[51,"Q.20 What are the causes of high levels of particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) and ozone pollution in India? How effective are the various steps taken by the government to mitigate particulate matter and ozone pollution?","15","250"]]},{"i":675,"t":"Ritika Chitlangia","c":"Nextias","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/5/ritika-test-7-1747228468707.pdf","q":[[4,"Q.1 How did the policy of non-alignment reflect the aspirations of India and other newly independent nations to maintain their sovereignty and resist colonial pressures?","10","150"],[6,"Q.2 Analyze the impact of World War II in accelerating the process of decolonization in Asia and Africa.","10","150"],[8,"Q.3 Discuss the various types of sedimentary rocks and their formation processes. What is the economic significance of sedimentary rocks?","10","150"],[10,"Q.4 What are the characteristics of anticyclonic circulations, and how do they influence weather patterns over the Indian subcontinent?","10","150"],[12,"Q.5 What is coral bleaching, and what are its main causes? Also, evaluate the role of marine protected areas (MPAs) in the conservation of coral reefs.","10","150"],[14,"Q.6 Discuss the role of economic corridors in fostering regional economic integration and development. How do projects like the Chennai-Bengaluru Industrial Corridor (CBIC) align with India's broader economic growth strategies?","10","150"],[16,"Q.7 Discuss the processes involved in volcanism. Highlight the major volcanic regions in the world and their associated tectonic settings.","10","150"],[18,"Q.8 Earlier known as coarse cereals the government rebranded millets in 2018 as nutri-cereals. In this context discuss the ecological and nutritional significance of millets.","10","150"],[20,"Q.9 Explain the geological features and ecological importance of the Eastern Ghats.","10","150"],[22,"Q.10 What are the potential consequences of Arctic ice melt on biodiversity and ecosystems? How might these changes impact global ecological balance","10","150"],[24,"Q.11 Compare and contrast the factors that led to the French Revolution with the Russian Revolution of 1917. How did the nature and outcomes of these revolutions differ in terms of their impact on global political ideologies?","15","250"],[27,"Q.12 Analyze the causes and consequences of the imposition of Emergency in India in 1975. How did this period impact the democratic framework and civil liberties in post-independent India?","15","250"],[30,"Q.13 What are the factors that lead to the formation of local winds? Discuss their impact on the weather and climate in various regions, providing relevant examples.","15","250"],[33,"Q.14 What are the primary drivers of freshwater scarcity in megacities like Bangalore and Hyderabad? Suggest comprehensive solutions that address both supply and demand aspects of urban water management.","15","250"],[36,"Q.15 What is Blue Revolution? What are the significant hurdles in aquaculture development, and what comprehensive strategies can be implemented to address them?","15","250"],[39,"Q.16 What are the key factors influencing the establishment of large-scale solar farms in India, and what are their environmental and social impacts? How can India balance the expansion of solar energy with the need to protect biodiversity and local ecosystems?","15","250"],[42,"Q.17 What are the various types of glacial landforms formed in the Indian Himalayas? How do these features impact local ecosystems and human activities?","15","250"],[45,"Q.18 Discuss the unique geographical features of the Indian Ocean and their impact on global oceanic circulation patterns. How do these features influence the climate of the Indian subcontinent?","15","250"],[48,"Q.19 Urban heat islands (UHIs) have become a significant phenomenon in Indian cities, exacerbating the frequency and intensity of heat waves. Analyze the underlying factors contributing to this phenomenon and critically assess the existing mitigation strategies.","15","250"],[51,"Q.20 Evaluate the primary factors contributing to regional disparities in the sugar industry between North India and Peninsular India. What measures can be undertaken to reduce the surplus sugar production?","15","250"]]},{"i":676,"t":"Ritika Chitlangia","c":"Nextias","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/5/ritika-test-9-1747228508265.pdf","q":[[4,"1. How do household savings contribute to the growth of the Indian economy? Do you think that the recent fall in household savings rate marks a rise in indebtedness and distress among Indian households?","10","150"],[6,"2. India's FDI sector is seeing a significant downward trend. What factors are causing apprehensions among the foreign investors to invest in India? Suggest some corrective measures that must be taken by the Government to reverse the falling trend.","10","150"],[8,"3. How do farm subsidies impact crop diversity, cropping patterns and agricultural sustainability in India?","10","150"],[10,"4. While discussing the principles of \"precision agriculture\" elaborate on the uses of \"Internet of Things\" in precision agriculture (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[12,"5. What are Small Modular Nuclear Reactors (SMRs)? Why are SMRs considered a safer alternative to conventional Nuclear Power Plants?","10","in 150"],[14,"6. What factors have contributed to the sudden rise in the incidences of zoonotic diseases across the globe? Highlight the recent examples of pandemics caused by zoonotic pathogens.","10","150"],[16,"7. Discuss the major challenges of crowd control in large socio-religious gatherings and congregations in India. In the light of NDMA's \"Suggestive Framework for Preparation of Crowd Management Plan for Events Venues of Mass Gathering\", suggest measures to prevent stampede incidents.","10","150"],[18,"8. 'The UN High Seas Treaty is comparable to the 2015 Paris Agreement's importance and significance.' In the context of this, discuss the importance of the UN High Seas Treaty for the conservation of marine biodiversity and fair and equitable resource-sharing.","10","150"],[20,"9. What are the new cyber threats posed by the illicit use of Generative AI? In the light of recently signed Bletchley Declaration, how can India beef up its cybersecurity structure against threats raised by AI?","10","Answer in 150"],[22,"10. India's border security is under severe pressure due to the rising political crisis in neighbouring countries. Elaborate.","10","150"],[24,"11. \"A person without skill is not an asset but a liability on the nation's growth\". How infusion of relevant skills contribute to the demographic dividend of India? What recent initiatives have been undertaken by the Government to reduce the skill gap among young Indians?","15","Answer in 250"],[27,"12. The Indian aviation sector has immense potential to become the primary mode of transportation in the country. What are the factors propelling growth in India's aviation sector? Highlight the challenges that the sector faces and suggest measures for improvement.","15","250"],[30,"13. Farmer Producers Organizations (FPOs) are engines of agri-innovation. In this context, discuss the role of FPOs in addressing the issue of fragmentation and lack of modernization in agriculture. Highlight the initiatives the Government took to promote the participation of FPOs in agriculture.","15","250"],[33,"14. Despite being one of the strongest growth engines of the Indian economy, there are certain upstream and downstream issues ailing the growth of food processing industries in India. Discuss. Suggest measures to strengthen the overall growth of food processing industries in India.","15","Answer in 250"],[36,"15. How was India benefitted from the contributions of Dr M.S. Swaminathan and Dr C.R. Rao in the fields of agricultural science and statistics respectively?","15","Answer in 250"],[39,"16. How is Artificial Intelligence (AI) challenging the overall intellectual property paradigm? How can AI be balanced with intellectual property to foster innovation and incentivize creations and inventions?","15","Answer in 250"],[42,"17. Highlighting the significance of \"Western Ghats\" in preserving and conserving the biodiversity of India, discuss the threats faced by this fragile and ecologically sensitive Region. Elaborate on the measures taken by the Government of India to protect the Western Ghats ecosystem.","15","250"],[45,"18. Describe the major outcomes of the 28th session of the Conference of the Parties (COP) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). What are the features of the Green Credit Initiative launched by India on the sidelines of COP-28?","15","Answer in 250"],[48,"19. How shell companies has contributed to the menace of money laundering in India? Do you think recent amendments to the Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2005 will help address the problem of the transactional nature of clients with such shell companies?","15","Answer in 250"],[51,"20. Discuss how the crime-insurgency nexus has contributed to the rise in ethnic conflicts and insurgencies in North-East India. What institutional measures can be undertaken to address this challenge?","15","250"]]},{"i":659,"t":"Ritika Chitlangia","c":"Nextias","p":"GS3","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/5/ritika-test-17-1747226423981.pdf","q":[[6,"1. The recent radical trends in Punjab show that the Khalistan issue is still simmering. Discuss the statement with respect to recent developments and suggest measures to handle it.","10","150"],[8,"2. The anonymity and ease of drone operation contribute to the challenges of India's border security. Elaborate and give suggestions to tackle the drone problem in border areas.","10","150"],[10,"3. The resource curse of Eastern and Central India has been a crucial driver of LWE. Elaborate and suggest measures for sustainable and inclusive development of the region.","10","Answer in 750"],[12,"4. In light of the declining trend of violence in the North East and J&K region do you think that AFSPA has lived its utility? Comment.","10","150"],[14,"5. Ethnic conflicts and cross-border migration along India-Myanmar and India-Bangladesh borders impact India's internal security. Comment.","10","150"],[16,"6. The recent rise in ransomware attacks targeting critical infrastructure and major corporations has highlighted the urgent need for stronger cybersecurity measures and policies. Discussing the key factors contributing to this trend, analyze the impact of these attacks on various sectors.","15","Answer in 250"],[19,"7. Analyse the multidimensional challenges posed by external state and non-state actors, to the internal security of India. Also, discuss measures required to be taken to combat these threats.","15","250"],[22,"8 The transformation of terrorism through the use of new and emerging technologies like metaverse and virtual assets is a matter of concern. How can we counter the Use of New and Emerging Technologies for Terrorist Purposes and Elucidate the importance of the \"Delhi declaration\" in this regard?","15","Answer in 250"],[25,"9. India needs to update its Information Technology Act of 2000 to deal with emerging internal and external communication security and to make the cyber ecosystem more safe and secure. Discuss.","15","250"],[28,"10. Naxalism is a social, economic and developmental issue manifesting as a violent internal security threat. In this context, discuss the emerging issues and suggest a multilayered strategy to tackle the menace of Naxalism.","15","250"]]},{"i":660,"t":"Ritika Chitlangia","c":"Nextias","p":"GS3","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/5/ritika-test-18-1747226444610.pdf","q":[[6,"1. \"Green hydrogen can be the silver bullet in our quest to tackle climate change and pollution\". Critically analyse the statement in light of India's National green hydrogen mission.","10","150"],[8,"2. What is the Global Methane Pledge? Do you think the Global Methane Pledge is a positive step towards mitigating methane emissions? Explain India's stance on this issue.","10","150"],[10,"3. Climate change mitigation and adaptation strategy is not only about reducing future emissions but also involves active removal of already released carbon into the atmosphere. In this context what do you understand by the concept of Carbon Capture, Utilisation and Storage (CCUS) and discuss the progress of the international community in this regard.","10","150"],[12,"4. How does the draft Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) Notification, 2020 differ from the existing EIA Notification, 2006?","10","150"],[14,"5. Explain the mechanism and occurrence of cloudburst in the context of the Indian subcontinent. Discuss two recent examples.","10","150"],[16,"6. What are the key lessons for disaster management and environmental conservation in the Himalayan region, in light of the recent disaster in Joshimath, Uttarakhand?","10","150"],[18,"7. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of disaster management in public health. Discuss the key strategies and challenges for managing pandemics and other infectious disease outbreaks.","10","150"],[20,"8. Poor building design, flagrant violations of building and fire safety norms and overcrowding of spaces are responsible for the rising risk of fires in urban areas. Discuss","10","150"],[22,"9. How do the Puranas contribute to our understanding of ancient Indian culture and history?","10","Answer in 150"],[24,"10. What were the factors leading to the deindustrialization of India under British colonial rule? Also, discuss the economic and social impact of the decline of India's indigenous industries during this period.","10","150"],[26,"11. Explain the purpose of the Mangrove Alliance for Climate launched at the COP27 UN Climate Change Conference in Egypt in November 2022. Elaborate on the importance of mangroves in maintaining the coastal ecology of tropical nations.","15","Answer in 250"],[29,"12. Trace the evolution of the Loss and Damage fund. What are major developments related to loss and damage funds in COP 27? What are the commitments made by India in this conference?","15","Answer in 250"],[31,"13. The recent amendments in the Wildlife Protection Act provide a framework to prevent illegal trade in wild animals and plants to ensure that their survival is not threatened. In this regard, mention the implications of illegal wildlife trade in India and analyse the effectiveness of the recent amendments to address the issue.","15","250"],[34,"14. Elaborate on the reasons behind the rise in human-wildlife conflicts in India. What measures can be undertaken to ensure the peaceful co-existence of humans and wildlife?","15","250"],[37,"15. The Formation of the Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure brings more robustness to the Disaster Management approach in India. Comment and justify the need for a new strategy to tackle Disasters in India.","15","250"],[40,"16. Disaster management is not just about responding to emergencies but also about building resilient communities. Discuss the key strategies that can be used to build community resilience and reduce the impact of disasters.","15","250"],[43,"17. Analyze the factors that contribute to the increased incidence and severity of floods in urban areas and the measures that can be taken to reduce the risk and enhance the resilience of the population.","15","Answer in 250"],[46,"18. The system of judges appointing judges is a distinctive element of the Indian judicial system. How does the process of judicial appointment in India differ from that of the United Kingdom and the United States?","15","Answer in 250"],[49,"19. Highlighting the reasons for the increasing criminalization of politics in India, discuss the need for reforms in various sections of the Representation of People Act, 1951.","15","250"],[52,"20. Analyse the factors influencing the spatial distribution of population in India, with emphasis on the regional differences in population density distribution. Also, suggest policy measures to tackle the challenges posed by uneven population distribution.","15","250"]]},{"i":661,"t":"Ritika Chitlangia","c":"Nextias","p":"GS3","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/5/ritika-test-19-1747226461965.pdf","q":[[6,"1. What do you understand by Windfall tax? Do you think that windfall taxes can effectively redistribute wealth and promote greater economic equality?","10","150"],[8,"2. Elaborate on the difference between Capital Account and Current Account as components of Balance of Payment (BOP). Suggest a few measures to balance the BOP deficit of India.","10","150"],[10,"3. Discuss the perceived successes and challenges of implementing inflation targeting under the new Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) regime.","10","150"],[12,"4. The logistics sector is one of the important components of the growth of the manufacturing industry. Discuss. Also, mention various components of the recently announced National Logistics Policy 2022.","10","Answer in 150"],[14,"5. Differentiate between the Consumer Price Index (CPI) and the Wholesale Price Index (WPI). Do you think that CPI is a better measure of inflation as compared to WPI? Substantiate.","10","Answer in 150"],[16,"6. Jobless growth is an inherent feature of India's growth trajectory. What are the major reasons behind the high unemployment rate in India? Suggest remedial measures to improve the overall employment growth rate in India.","10","150"],[18,"7. Recently, the Government of India has started evaluating the prospects of developing salt-cavern-based strategic oil reserves to increase India's strategic oil capacity. Critically analyze the importance of strategic oil reserves in order to strengthen India's energy security and its capacity to mitigate supply disruptions in global markets.","10","150"],[20,"8. The aviation sector is infamously known as the graveyard of investments. What are the issues in the aviation sector? Suggest reforms to revitalize the aviation sector.","10","150"],[22,"9. What is Digital Public Infrastructure? What are the advantages of DPI development in India? What are the impediments to realizing the full potential of DPI in India? Substantiate.","10","150"],[24,"10. Evaluate the potential of the PLI scheme in fostering innovation and enhancing competitiveness in the targeted sectors, and suggest measures to ensure the sustainability and scalability of the scheme.","10","150"],[26,"11. Electricity Amendment Bill, 2022 brings several advantages for consumers, DISCOMs as well as the environment. Elaborate. Also, list out its shortcomings and suggest some measures to overcome them.","15","250"],[29,"12. The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) plays an important role in the regulation of the share market and safeguarding the interests of investors. In light of the given statement, highlight the challenges faced by the SEBI and suggest reforms in this regard.","15","250"],[32,"13. International trade is centred on the dominant currency paradigm (DCM). Critically Analyze the importance of Hard currency in International trade and Discuss the potential of rupee acceptance in global trade as an alternative to dollar imperialism.","15","Answer in 250"],[35,"14. Demographic Dividend does not ensure growth; it only generates potential. Discuss the steps made by the government to take advantage of the opportunities presented by the demographic transition.","15","250"],[38,"15. Low tax buoyancy often translates into higher deficits and debt. Can a higher direct tax rate improve the overall tax-to-GDP ratio in India? What other steps can be undertaken to revamp the overall tax structure in India?","15","250"],[41,"16. Startups are the driving engines of the fast-changing modern economy. Why have Indian startups failed to realize their potential? What steps can be undertaken to improve the profitability and performance of startups in India?","15","Answer in 250"],[44,"17. What are the inherent challenges that the Indian telecom sector has faced in the recent time? How far does the draft Indian Telecommunication Bill, 2022 address such issues? Suggest measures to revamp the telecom sector.","15","250"],[47,"18. Analyze the advantages and disadvantages of various PPP models, in terms of financing, risk allocation, and service delivery.","15","Answer in 250"],[50,"19. The Indian EV industry is critically dependent on semiconductors for its sustainability. What are the challenges that the Indian semiconductor industry faces? Analyze and suggest measures to strengthen the supply chain of semiconductors in India.","15","Answer in 250"],[53,"20. \"Investment in infrastructure is essential for more rapid and inclusive economic growth. Discuss in the light of India's experience.","15","Answer in 250"]]},{"i":663,"t":"Ritika Chitlangia","c":"Nextias","p":"GS3","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/5/ritika-test-20-1747226493378.pdf","q":[[6,"1. Assess the potential of millet production in promoting sustainable agriculture and improving food security in India.","10","150"],[8,"2. What is India's stand on the New Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies under WTO? How is the Fisheries sector significant for India? Enumerate the steps taken by the Government to develop this sector.","10","Answer in 150"],[10,"3. Analyze the systemic and institutional constraints that continue to hinder land reform efforts in India and propose pragmatic solutions to ensure equitable distribution of land.","10","150"],[12,"4. Bringing urea under the NBS Scheme is seen as the panacea for all the issues related to fertilizer subsidies in India as well as for the environmental problems of agriculture. Highlighting the issues related to urea management, suggest reforms are required to improve the usage of urea in a sustainable manner in India.","10","150"],[14,"5. India's food security faces challenges from not just domestic factors but also global factors. Comment. Discuss some ways to strengthen India's food security.","10","150"],[16,"6. Jal Jeevan Mission has the potential to end the regional disparity in the availability and accessibility of drinking water. Highlighting the significance of the mission, discuss the underlying impediments in achieving the desired objectives.","10","150"],[18,"7. Numerous foreign travellers have vividly documented their observations of the Vijayanagara Empire over time, offering valuable sources for reconstructing its history. Elucidate.","10","Answer in 150"],[20,"8. Do you agree that Dr. B.R. Ambedkar's view of the caste problem was more political than social? Also, highlight his efforts aimed at social reform.","10","150"],[22,"9. Why is the world today confronted with a crisis of availability of and access to freshwater resources?","10","150"],[24,"10. How are the fjords formed? Why do they constitute some of the most picturesque areas of the world?","10","150"],[25,"Why fjords are picturesque?","",""],[26,"11. Despite being a major contributor to the Indian economy, the agriculture sector is plagued by several constraints that impede its growth and development. Examine the role of technology in overcoming these constraints.","15","250"],[29,"12. Evaluate the impact of irrigation on the environment and natural resources and suggest measures to ensure the sustainability and equity of irrigation practices in agriculture.","15","250"],[32,"13. 'Genome editing holds immense potential for crop improvement, but it also raises ethical and safety concerns'. How far do the new guidelines for the safety assessment of genome-edited plants in India, ensure the safety of genetically modified crops?","15","Answer in 250"],[35,"14. Discuss the impact of direct and indirect farm subsidies on the agriculture sector in India. How have Minimum Support Prices (MSP) affected the agricultural economy?","15","Answer in 250"],[38,"15. The import of edible oils forms a major part of India's import bill. In this context, evaluate the importance of the recently launched National Mission on Edible Oils and Oil Palm (NMEO-OP). What are the environmental concerns related to increasing palm oil production in India?","15","250"],[41,"16. A robust livestock economy can act as a parallel source of farmer's income. Highlighting the role of the livestock economy in the agriculture sector in India, discuss the challenges faced by the livestock sector in India. Suggest interventions that can strengthen the livestock sector to contribute to the overall well-being of the farmers.","15","Answer in 250"],[44,"17. Most of the unemployment in India is structural in nature. Examine the methodology adopted to compute unemployment in the country and suggest improvements.","15","250"],[47,"18. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC) has predicted a global sea level rise of about one metre by AD 2100. What would be its impact on India and the other countries in the Indian Ocean region?","15","250"],[49,"4 Issues of humanitarian aid and climate funding.","",""],[50,"19. Critically examine the procedures through which the Presidents of India and France are elected.","15","250"],[53,"20. While the national political parties in India favour centralisation, the regional parties are in favour of State autonomy. Comment.","15","Answer in 250"]]},{"i":666,"t":"Ritika Chitlangia","c":"Nextias","p":"GS3","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/5/ritika-test-23-1747226531493.pdf","q":[[6,"1. Define the concept of the carrying capacity of an ecosystem as relevant to an environment. Explain how understanding this concept is vital while planning for the sustainable development of a region.","10","150"],[8,"2. Critically evaluate the role of ocean thermal energy in improving the overall energy security in India. Why has India failed to capture the potential of ocean thermal energy?","10","150"],[10,"3. What are the challenges that rising plastic waste poses to the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems? Suggest measures to effectively combat the rising menace of plastic pollution globally.","10","150"],[12,"4. Invasive alien species are a threat to the ecological sustainability of native species which adversely impacts the biodiversity in India. In this regard, critically evaluate the recent amendments in the Wildlife Protection Act to regulate invasive alien species in India. Provide other measures that can be undertaken to contain the spread of invasive alien species.","10","150"],[14,"5. The menace of air pollution remains one of the major environmental concerns of North India. What factors can be responsible for the degrading air quality in North India? Suggest some measures to efficiently tackle this problem.","10","Answer in 150"],[16,"6 The recently concluded water bodies census has brought the issue of depleting water bodies in India to the fore. In this context, elaborate on the ecological and environmental challenges faced by natural and artificial water bodies in India. Also, suggest measures to prevent depletion of the water bodies and improve the status of water bodies in India.","15","Answer in 250"],[19,"7. MISHTI (Mangrove Initiative for Shoreline Habitats & Tangible Incomes) Initiative was recently launched in the Union Budget 2023-24 in order to ensure sustainable growth of the mangroves in India. Elaborate on the features of the MISHTI programme while highlighting the importance and threats to mangroves in India.","15","250"],[22,"8. Discuss global warming and mention its effects on the global climate. Explain the control measures to bring down the level of greenhouse gases that cause global warming, in the light of the Kyoto Protocol, 1997.","15","Answer in 250"],[25,"9. 'Clean energy is the order of the day.' Describe briefly India's changing policy towards climate change in various international fora in the context of geopolitics.","15","Answer in 250"],[28,"10. Geoengineering proposes practical solutions to the problem of climate change. What is geoengineering and how can it help in fixing the issues of climate change? Substantiate with examples.","15","Answer in 250"]]},{"i":653,"t":"Ritika Chitlangia","c":"Nextias","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/5/ritika-test-11-1747228535045.pdf","q":[[4,"1. (a) Explain the relationship between Public Service Values and Public Administration Ethics. Do you think public service values are only eloquent statements for glorifying the Department's mission, or do they have any utility for public servants? Discuss.","10","150"],[6,"1. (b) How does the conscientious public servant sort through competing considerations and determine \"the right thing to do?\" When it comes to serving the public, how does one put one's values into practice? Illustrate with examples.","10","Answer in 150"],[8,"2. (a) What do you understand by good governance in public administration and corporations? How do they differ? Identify and explain three principles that can act as a foundation for good governance in a corporate setting.","10","150"],[10,"2 (b) One hallmark of good governance is government departments' adherence to strict ethical standards when procuring goods and services for public programmes. Identify and explain the ethical principles that must be respected to maintain the integrity of the procurement process.","10","150"],[12,"3. (a) How should public servants ethically balance stakeholder interests, official obligations, and regime values when making administrative decisions, and which of these should be given the most moral weight?","10","150"],[14,"3. (b) Recent researchers have argued that the government's health and social-based interventions are significantly less effective without the emotional skills of self-awareness and empathy. Do you agree? Justify your answer with relevant examples.","10","150"],[16,"4. (a) Discuss with relevant examples how civil servants' political and moral attitudes impact their work ethics and daily administrative decision-making.","10","150"],[18,"4. (b) \"The motive has nothing to do with the morality of the action.\" In light of the above statement, do you think motive is irrelevant in determining the morality of an action? Explain your position with relevant examples.","10","150"],[20,"5. (a) Explain the contemporary relevance of Jain Tirthankaras' vow-based moral philosophy.","10","Answer in 150"],[22,"5. (b) What ethical dilemmas arise from the use of economic sanctions in international relations, and how can policymakers balance these concerns with the need to punish illegal behaviours and compel political change?","10","Answer in 150"],[24,"6. (a) Discuss the relevance of the following quotes to the present times.\n\"Wars begin in the minds of men, and in those minds, love and compassion would have built the defences of peace.\"","10","150"],[26,"6. (b) \"May you live your life as if the maxim of your actions were to become universal law.\"","10","150"],[28,"6. (c) आचरण का सुनहरा नियम (the golden rule of conduct) पारस्परिक सहिष्णुता (mutual toleration) है, यह देखते हुए कि हम सभी कभी एक जैसा नहीं सोचेंगे और हम हमेशा सत्य को टुकड़ों में देखेंगे और दृष्टि के विभिन्न दृष्टिकोण बनाएंगे। (150 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","10","150"],[30,"7 As a new CEO:\n(a) What decision options are available to you?\n(b) What are the issues involved in the above case?\n(c) What will be your chosen course of action and Why?","20","Answer in 250"],[35,"8 (a) उपरोक्त मामले में नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं?\n(b) एक डीडीओ के रूप में, आपके पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\n(c) अपनी चुनी हुए कार्य-विदि के साथ-साथ अपने कारणों की व्याख्या कीजिए।\n(d) उपरोक्त मामले को देखते हुए, मानवीय संकट को स्थितियों से निपटने के लिए सबसे अच्छा नैतिक सिद्धांत क्या होगा?\na उपरोक्त मामले में नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं?\nb एक डीडीओ के रूप में, आपके पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\nc अपनी चुनी हुए कार्य-विदि के साथ-साथ अपने कारणों की व्याख्या कीजिए।\nd उपरोक्त मामले को देखते हुए, मानवीय संकट को स्थितियों से निपटने के लिए सबसे अच्छा नैतिक सिद्धांत क्या होगा?","20 अंक","250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए"],[36,"As the situation unravelled, you found yourself in a moral quandary. On one hand, as the DDO, I was bound by regulations that required me to ensure the proper use of government resources. Despite its noble intent, the unauthorised diversion of food grains was a breach of protocol that necessitated disciplinary action, including the suspension of the school officials involved.\nOn the other hand, these school officials' actions were driven by a deep sense of humanity and compassion. They chose to prioritise the immediate needs of their community, recognising the dire circumstances and the urgent need to prevent further starvation deaths. Punishing them for their humane response to the crisis seemed not only harsh but also contrary to the spirit of public service.\n(a) What are the ethical issues in the above case?\n(b) As a DDO, what are the options available to you?\n(c) Explain your chosen course of action, along with your reasons.\n(d) Given the above case, what would be the best ethical theory for handling human distress situations?","20","Answer in 250"],[39,"(d) Ethical Theory for handling distress situations","",""],[40,"9 (a) उपरोक्त मामले में नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं?\n(b) एक एसपी के रूप में आपके पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\n(c) अपनी चुनी हुई कार्रवाई के तरीकों की व्याख्या कीजिए।\n(d) यदि आपको बीमा योजना को बढ़ावा देने का कोई बेहतर तरीका सुझाना हो, तो वह क्या होगा?\na) उपरोक्त मामले में नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं?\nb) एक एसपी के रूप में आपके पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\nc) अपनी चुनी हुई कार्रवाई के तरीकों की व्याख्या कीजिए।\nd) यदि आपको बीमा योजना को बढ़ावा देने का कोई बेहतर तरीका सुझाना हो, तो वह क्या होगा?","20 अंक","250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए"],[41,"You were wondering about the course of action, as the deductions were legal, and the agents were technically following instructions. But, in the process, they were exploiting the poor villagers.\n(a) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\n(b) What are the options available to you as an SP?\n(c) Explain your chosen course of an action.\n(d) If you have to recommend a better way of promoting the bima yojna, what would that be?","20","Answer in 250"],[42,"1) Explain to the villagers of her legal correctness of the procedures and maintain the status quo.\n2) Report the issue of questionable methods of Bima Agents to higher authorities and ask for de-enrolment of beneficiaries who were not willing for the scheme.\n3) Recuse oneself from the position of authority.","",""],[45,"10 (a) उपरोक्त स्थिति में आपके पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं? (b) आप किस तरह की कार्रवाई चुनेंगे? (c) मामले में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों को पहचान कीजिए। (d) लोगों की जरूरतों का फायदा उठाने वाले कार्टेल से निपटने के लिए कुछ उपाय सुझाएं।\na) उपरोक्त स्थिति में आपके पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\nb) आप किस तरह की कार्रवाई चुनेंगे?\nc) मामले में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों को पहचान कीजिए।\nd) लोगों की जरूरतों का फायदा उठाने वाले कार्टेल से निपटने के लिए कुछ उपाय सुझाएं।","20 अंक","250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए"],[46,"(a) What are the options available to you in the above situation?\n(b) What will be your chosen course of action?\n(c) Identify the ethical issues involved in the case\n(d) Suggest some measures for handling cartels who prey on people's needs.","20","Answer in 250"],[48,"(c) Measures for dealing with cartel's behaviour","",""],[50,"11 (a) If you are the ethics officer of AquaTech enquiring, who will you hold responsible for the fatality? Why?\n(b) Discuss some common ethical issues that arise while using artificial intelligence.\na) If you are the ethics officer of AquaTech enquiring, who will you hold responsible for the fatality? Why?\nb) Discuss some common ethical issues that arise while using artificial intelligence.","20","Answer in 250"],[55,"12 (a) उपरोक्त मामले में क्या मुद्दे शामिल हैं?\n(b) आपके पास सीमित बजट होने के बावजूद, आपने जादू-टोना से संबंधित अंधविश्वासों से निपटने के लिए धन आवंटित करने का फैसला किया। आप समुदाय और हितधारकों के समक्ष अपने निर्णय को कैसे उचित ठहराएंगे?\n(c) यह देखते हुए कि जादू-टोना से संबंधित अपराधों की शुरुआत में बीडीओ द्वारा रिपोर्ट नहीं की गई थी, आप इस संचार की कमी को कैसे दूर करेंगे और कैसे आगे चलकर बेहतर रिपोर्टिंग और पारदर्शिता सुनिश्चित करेंगे?\n\n(250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए) 20 अंक\n\nAfter being posted as the District Development Officer (DDO) in a district dominated by tribal villages, I met with all the Block Development Officers (BDOs) to understand the region's specific problems. The primary issues identified were water scarcity, poor educational infrastructure, irregularities in the midday meal scheme, and non-existent roads. With a limited budget, I began planning solutions for these pressing problems.\n\nA few weeks after the BDOs meeting, I made a courtesy visit to the Superintendent of Police's (SP) office. During our cordial conversation, the SP mentioned witchcraft-related crimes, which surprised me as none of the BDOs had brought it up. My concern grew knowing that most victims of these crimes were women.\n\nA week later, while visiting a block for a routine inspection, I met with school teachers, ASHA workers, and women elders from Self-Help Groups (SHGs). Through discussions, I learned that witchcraft had deep roots in the community. ASHA workers reported incidents almost every month, though none were officially recorded.\n\nRealising the gravity of the situation, I decided to allocate part of the development funds to tackle witchcraft-related superstitions. Local NGOs and SHGs welcomed the initiative, but two weeks later, you received an RTI wanting an explanation for allocating funds for witchcraft-related issues at the cost of critical areas like education, roads, and water supply.\na) उपरोक्त मामले में क्या मुद्दे शामिल हैं?\nb) आपके पास सीमित बजट होने के बावजूद, आपने जादू-टोना से संबंधित अंधविश्वासों से निपटने के लिए धन आवंटित करने का फैसला किया। आप समुदाय और हितधारकों के समक्ष अपने निर्णय को कैसे उचित ठहराएंगे?\nc) यह देखते हुए कि जादू-टोना से संबंधित अपराधों की शुरुआत में बीडीओ द्वारा रिपोर्ट नहीं की गई थी, आप इस संचार की कमी को कैसे दूर करेंगे और कैसे आगे चलकर बेहतर रिपोर्टिंग और पारदर्शिता सुनिश्चित करेंगे?","20 अंक","250 शब्दों में"],[56,"(a) What are the issues involved in the above case?\n(b) With a limited budget at your disposal, you decide to allocate funds to tackle witchcraft-related superstitions. How would you justify your decision to the community and stakeholders?\n(c) Given that witchcraft-related crimes were not initially reported by the BDOs, how would you address this lack of communication and ensure better reporting and transparency moving forward?","20","Answer in 250"]]},{"i":655,"t":"Ritika Chitlangia","c":"Nextias","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/5/ritika-test-13-1747226364895.pdf","q":[[6,"1. (a) What are the basic principles of public life? Illustrate any three of these with suitable examples.","10","150"],[8,"1. (b) \"Emotional Intelligence is the ability to make your emotions work for you instead of against you\". Do you agree with this view? Discuss.","10","150"],[10,"2. (a) What teachings of Buddha are most relevant today and why? Discuss.","10","Answer in 150"],[12,"2. (b) A positive attitude is considered to be an essential characteristic of a civil servant who is often required to function under extreme stress. What contributes to a positive attitude in a person?","10","150"],[14,"3. Discuss the meaning of the following quotes\n(a) \"Humility is the most difficult of all virtues to achieve; nothing dies harder than the desire to think well of oneself.\"","10","Answer in 150"],[15,"3 How to cultivate humility?\n1 Correct estimation of one's achievements and aspirations.\n2 Remaining open to corrections and criticisms => remaining open-minded to one's flaws.\n3 Accepting one's mistakes and taking accountability for it.\n4 Giving credit to other people's hardwork.","",""],[16,"3. (1) \"To tolerate is purely an act of the mind. That is the essence of virtue. To tolerate is a strength.\"","10","150"],[18,"4. (a) Persuasion performs a number of positive, prosocial functions. However, people often equate persuasion with manipulation and consider it unethical. What are the ethical values a persuader must respect to ensure the ethicality of the act of persuasion? Explain.","10","150"],[20,"4. (b) \"While competence without compassion can be brutal and inhumane; similarly, compassion without competence can be meaningless for persons seeking help.\" Explain the above with the help of a suitable illustration in the context of public services.","10","150"],[22,"5. You are a municipal commissioner of a large city, having the reputation of a very honest and upright officer. A huge multipurpose mall is under construction in your city in which a large number of daily wage earners are employed. One night, during monsoons, a big chunk of the roof collapsed causing the instant death of four labourers including two minors. Many more were seriously injured requiring immediate medical attention. The mishap resulted in a big hue and cry, forcing the government to institute an enquiry. Your preliminary enquiry has revealed a series of anomalies. The material used for the construction was of poor quality. Despite the approved building plans permitting only one basement, an additional basement has been constructed. This was overlooked during the periodic inspections by the building inspector. The municipal corporation. In your enquiry, you noticed that the construction of the mall was given the green signal despite encroaching on areas earmarked for a green belt and a slip road in the Zonal Master Plan of the city. The permission to construct the mall was accorded by the previous Municipal Commissioner who is not only your senior and well-known to you professionally, but also a good friend. Prima facie, the case appears to be of a widespread nexus between officials of the Municipal Corporation and the builders. Your colleagues are putting pressure on you to go slow in the enquiry. The builder, who is rich and influential, happens to be a close relative of a powerful minister in the state cabinet. The builder is persuading you to hush up the matter, promising you a fortune to do so. He also hinted that this matter is not resolved at the earliest in his favour there is somebody in his office who is waiting to file a case against you under the POSH Act.\n Discuss the ethical issues involved in the case. What are the options available to you in this situation? Explain your selected course of action.","20","250"],[27,"6. (a) What are the options available to Pawan to cope with the situation?\n(b) What approach Pawan should adopt to bring peace, tranquillity and a congenial environment in the office and home?\n(c) As an outsider, what are your Suggestions for both boss and subordinate to overcome this situation and for improving work performance, and mental and emotional hygiene?\n(d) In the above scenario, what type of training would you suggest for various levels in the government offices? (Answer in 250 words) 25 Marks\na) What are the options available to Pawan to cope with the situation?\nb) What approach Pawan should adopt to bring peace, tranquillity and a congenial environment in the office and home?\nc) As an outsider, what are your Suggestions for both boss and subordinate to overcome this situation and for improving work performance, and mental and emotional hygiene?\nd) In the above scenario, what type of training would you suggest for various levels in the government offices?","25","250"]]},{"i":656,"t":"Ritika Chitlangia","c":"Nextias","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/5/ritika-test-14-1747226380860.pdf","q":[[6,"1. (a) Wisdom lies in knowing what to reckon with and what to overlook. An officer being engrossed with the periphery, ignoring the core issues before him, is no rare in the bureaucracy. Do you agree that such preoccupation of an administrator leads to the travesty of justice to the cause of effective service delivery and good governance? Critically evaluate.","10","150"],[8,"1. (b) Apart from intellectual competency and moral qualities, empathy and compassion are some of the other vital attributes that facilitate the civil servants to be more competent in tackling the crucial issues or taking critical decisions. Explain with suitable illustrations.","10","150"],[10,"2. (a) The Rules and Regulations provided to all the civil servants are same, yet there is difference in the performance. Positive-minded officers are able to interpret the Rules and Regulations in favour of the case and achieve success, whereas negative-minded officers are unable to achieve goals by interpreting the same Rules and Regulations against the case. Discuss with illustrations.","10","150"],[12,"2. (b) It is believed that adherence to ethics in human actions would ensure in smooth functioning of an organization/system. If so, what does ethics seek to promote in human life? How do ethical values assist in the resolution of conflicts faced by him in his day-to-day functioning?","10","150"],[14,"3. (a) The impact of digital technology as a reliable source of input for rational decision-making is a debatable issue. Critically evaluate with a suitable example.","10","Answer in 150"],[16,"3. (b) Besides domain knowledge, a public official needs innovativeness and creativity of a high order as well, while resolving ethical dilemmas. Discuss with a suitable example.","10","150"],[18,"4. (a) \"Refugees should not be turned back to the country where they would face persecution or human right violation.\" Examine the statement with reference to the ethical dimension being violated by the nation claiming to be democratic with an open society.","10","150"],[20,"4. (b) Should impartial and non-partisan be considered indispensable qualities to make a successful civil servant? Discuss with illustrations.","10","Answer in 150"],[22,"5. (a) Most civil servants are neither pure deontologists nor pure utilitarians, but they operate according to a kind of ethical pluralism. Do you agree? Discuss your position with suitable examples.","10","150"],[24,"5. (b) Explain the difference between codes of ethics, codes of conduct and codes of rules and regulations. Do you think an increase in the number of codes and regulations is an efficient response to the decline of public trust and integrity issues? Why/why not?","10","150"],[26,"6 (a) Discuss the meaning of the following quotes:\nThe root of happiness is Dharma (righteousness), the root of Dharma is Artha (economy), the root of Artha is right governance.","10","150"],[28,"6. (b) \"The most important human endeavour is the striving for morality in our actions. Our inner balance and even our existence depend on it. Only morality in our actions can give beauty and dignity to life.\" (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[30,"6. (c) \"Men must have corrupted nature a little, for they were not born wolves, and they have become wolves.\"","10","Answer in 150"],[32,"7. You are the Head of an Agency, a special purpose vehicle, responsible for overseeing the last-mile delivery of essential services and sorting out bottlenecks and grievances of the citizens within your jurisdiction. The essential services included Maternal and infant health care, nutritional support to BPL families, drinking water availability, etc.\n1. What are the issues involved in the above case?\n2. What are the action options available to you?\n3. Examine each of the options and identify your chosen course of action.\n4. What do you understand by dignity? Distinguish between human and social dignity? Identify the common dignity violations that one notices in government departments.","20","Answer in 250"],[37,"8. (a) What are the ethical and business issues involved in the case?\n(b) What are the options available to Mr. Sharma and the CEO?\n(c) Do you think the organizational culture of giving freedom to the sales force led to the issue or was the individual's corrupt nature that led to the problem? Discuss.\n(d) What ethics mechanisms and steps can the company create and implement to prevent unethical behaviour, as mentioned in the case? (Answer in 250 words) 20 Marks\na) What are the ethical and business issues involved in the case?\nb) What are the options available to Mr. Sharma and the CEO?\nc) Do you think the organizational culture of giving freedom to the sales force led to the issue or was the individual's corrupt nature that led to the problem? Discuss.\nd) What ethics mechanisms and steps can the company create and implement to prevent unethical behaviour, as mentioned in the case? (Answer in 250 words) 20 Marks","20","250"],[42,"9. You and Ajay were in college together, qualified for the civil services examination, trained, and worked in the same State. Over the years, you and Ajay became good friends and colleagues. Even the families became close to the extent of taking vacations and celebrating festivals together.\nProfessionally, in the last 15 years, both grew, but the paths you and Ajay took differed. You kept your distance from political masters, preferred to be neutral, and refrained from being identified with any group, lobby, or ideology. But Ajay was not discreet about his leanings, and he was well-networked and connected. Because of his networking, Ajay always had postings considered \"plum postings.\" Ajay was posted as CMD of Urban Infrastructure Projects, a high-profile Project with a huge outlay. At the same time, you were working in the State Planning Commission for three years and were awaiting your promotion and new posting.\nWhen new postings were announced, you were surprised to see your transfer to Vigilance Department. Within a month of taking charge, you were ordered by your Departmental Secretary to conduct an inquiry discreetly into land dealings involving a Minister and his family. You were strictly told to keep it discreet and not to share any information about the investigation with anybody besides the Secretary.\nAs you started the inquiry, you realized Ajay was closely involved with the Minister and his deals. As evidence started piling up, you were shocked to notice Ajay's questionable decisions favouring the Minister and friends. Further, you found evidence of Ajay having assets disproportionately much higher than his declared sources of income. When you shared the details with the Secretary, he immediately ordered you to search Ajay's office and home as he believed Ajay was the medium through which they could catch the Minister for shady land deals.\nYou were in a bind as you knew a search operation would tarnish Ajay's reputation and be traumatic for the family.\n1. What are the ethical issues and dilemmas involved in the above case?\n2. What are the options available to you?\n3. Select your chosen course of action after analyzing the options.\n4. What must be your moral motivation in the above case? Should it be duty, care, or consequences?","20","Answer in 250"],[47,"10. You are a young police officer undergoing field training along with some of your batchmates. You and Vikas are spending two weeks in a police station learning the nitty gritty and nuances of field-level policing. Every day there was something new to learn.\n\nOne afternoon the Station received a distress call from a beat constable working the wholesale market beat. A quarrel had broken out between two groups of traders and which soon turned violent. He tried intervening with his colleague, but they failed to keep things in control. Some traders turned against the constables and started beating them with iron rods. The call came in when one of the constables had taken severe blows to the head, and he needed emergency attention.\n\nA team rushed to the spot to help and take charge of the situation. By the time the team reached, the miscreants had fled the scene. The injured constable was rushed to the hospital in a very precarious condition. Seeing their colleague severely hurt and struggling for life, the station was enraged and determined to apprehend the culprits.\n\nBy lattheme evening the station team had rounded up a few miscreants, but some were still missing. The rounded-up miscreants were kept in custody for the night and were to be presented in court the following day. That night you and Vikas noticed that a few senior policemen were seriously beating up the miscreants for more information and to teach them a lesson to keep off from policemen. The \"treatment\" continued for a few hours, and by the time it stopped, one of the miscreants was severely shaken that he had a minor stroke because of a prior history of a heart condition. He was rushed to the hospital; fortunately, he survived. When the events of the night reached HQ, an inquiry was instituted.\n\nDuring the inquiry, everyone in the Station was called in for questioning. All of them present played down the beatings as few slaps and nothing more. You and Vikas were also informally requested to play down the incident. Vikas was comfortably underplaying it, but you were uncomfortable and felt it was against your integrity to speak something far from the truth. You were wondering if police are for safety, custody is for protection, and what happened was abuse which was against the service values. You were tensed and weighed the options.\n1. What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\n2. What do you think principle-oriented and rule-abiding police personnel must do in the above case? Why? Justify\n3. What do you think must assume priority in civil service, loyalty to the department, or being impartial and non-partisan in your decisions and service values?","20","Answer in 250"],[52,"11. The Supreme Court has banned mining in the Aravalli Hills to stop degradation the forest cover and to maintain ecological balance. However, the stone mining is still prevalent in the border district of the affected State with connivance of certain corrupt forest officials and politicians. Young and dynamic SP who was recently posted in the affected district promised to himself to stop this menace. In one of his surprise checks with his team, he found loaded truck with stone trying to escape the mining area. He tried to stop the truck but the truck driver overrun the police officer, killing him on the spot and thereafter managed to flee. Police filed FIR but no breakthrough was achieved in the case for almost three months. Ashok who was the Investigative Journalist working with leading TV channel, suo moto started investigating the case. Within one month, Ashok got breakthrough by interacting with local people, stone mining mafia and government officials. He prepared his investigative story and presented to the CMD of the TV channel. He exposed in his investigative report the complete nexus of stone mafia working with blessing of corrupt police and civil officials and politicians. The politician who was involved in the mafia was no one else but local MLA who was considered to be very close to the Chief Minister. After going through the investigative report, the CMD advised Ashok to drop the idea of making the story public through electronic media. He informed that the local MLA was not only the relative of the owner of the TV channel but also had unofficially 20 percent share in the channel. The CMD further informed Ashok that his further promotion and hike in pay will be taken care of in addition the soft loan of 10 lakhs which he has taken from the TV channel for his son's chronic disease will be suitably adjusted if he hands over the investigative report to him.\n(a) What are the options available with Ashok to cope up with the situation?\n(b) Critically evaluate/examine each of the options identified by Ashok.\n(c) What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by Ashok?\n(d) Which of the options, do you think, would be the most appropriate for Ashok to adopt and why?\n(e) In the above scenario, what type of training would you suggest for police officers posted to such districts where stone mining illegal activities are rampant?","20","Answer in 250"],[57,"12. You are Vice Principal of a degree college in one of the middle-class towns. Principal has recently retired and management is looking for his replacement. There are also feelers that the management may promote you as Principal. In the meantime, during annual examination the flying squad came from the university caught two students red-handed involving in unfair means. A senior lecturer of the college was personally helping these student in this act. This senior lecturer also happens to be close to the management. One of the students was son of a local politician who was responsible in getting college affiliated to the present reputed university. The second student was son of a local businessman who has donated maximum funds for running of the college. You immealately informed the management regarding this unfortunate incident. The management told you to resolve the issue with flying squad at any cost. They further said that such incident will not only tarnish the image of the college but also the politician and businessman are very important personalities for the functioning of the college. You were also given hint that your further promotion to Principal depends on your capability in resolving this issue with flying squad. In the meantime, you were intimated by your administrative officer that certain members of the student union are protesting outside the college gate against the senior lecturer and the students involved in this incident and demanding strict action against defaulters.\n1. Discuss the ethical issues involved in the case.\n2. Critically examine the options available with you as Vice Principal. What option will you adopt and why?","20","Answer in 250"]]},{"i":674,"t":"Ritika Chitlangia","c":"Nextias","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/5/ritika-test-6-1747228451975.pdf","q":[[4,"1. (a) Besides being public servants, they are also citizens and have personal lives. At times, there is an inherent tension among the roles. How can a public servant effectively navigate the intrinsic tension between personal interests and official duties and between private inclinations and public obligations? Explain","10","150"],[6,"(b) \"Ideas are the cornerstone of a strong public service framework globally.\" In the context of this statement, discuss the ideas of a philosopher whose ideas you believe are most pertinent to the civil services in India.","10","150"],[8,"2. (a) \"The challenge of power lies in its responsible application rather than its irresponsible and indulgent use - specifically, how to motivate those in power to serve the public rather than exploit it.\" Analyse the relationship between power and public service. Do you believe that the concept of power conflicts with the ideal of service, or do they complement each other? Substantiate your viewpoint.","10","150"],[10,"(b) Human values emphasise the humane aspects of public servants, whereas public service values focus on the transparency and effectiveness of service delivery. Do you think these value systems conflict with or complement each other? Justify your perspective with relevant examples.","10","150"],[12,"3. (a) \"When good individuals in any society become complacent and cease their vigilance and struggle, malevolent forces prevail.\" Discuss the role and significance of civil society in curbing corruption and official misconduct.","10","150"],[14,"(b) Do you agree with feminist ethicists that women are \"more emotional\" and prioritise relationships over rules, reflecting different yet equally valuable ethical perspectives? Justify your viewpoints with suitable examples.","10","Answer in 150"],[16,"4. (a) Ideally, ethics and law should be harmonious in the context of administration, yet conflicts between them can arise. How should an administrator handle conflicts between legal directives and ethical considerations, particularly when directives are illegal and laws are unjust? Discuss","10","150"],[18,"(b) Critically evaluate the role of family and educational institutions in shaping ethical values among civil servants.","10","150"],[20,"5. (a) How can civil servants cultivate a positive attitude towards the weaker sections of society? Suggest some implementable and practical steps.","10","150"],[22,"(b) Business ethicists believe that external and internal regulations are insufficient for curtailing or preventing corporate malpractices; they strongly advocate the presence of whistleblowing mechanisms as a check against corporate misgovernance. Do you think corporate governance is incomplete without whistleblowing? Why/Why not? Explain (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[24,"6. Discuss the relevance of the following quotes to the present times.\n(a) \"Moral actions belong to the jurisdiction of the outward and inward court, both civil and domestic governor; I mean both the magistrate and conscience.\" Locke (Answer in 150 words) 10 Marks","10","150"],[26,"(b) \"Good people do not need laws to tell them to act responsibly, while bad people will find a way around the laws.\" Plato (Answer in 150 words) 10 Marks","10","150"],[28,"(c) \"A sense of duty is useful in work, but offensive in personal relations.\" Russell","10","150"],[30,"7 (a) उपयुक्त मामले में निहित नैतिक मुद्दों और दुविधाओं को पहचान कीजिए।\n(b) उपयुक्त मामले में आपके पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\n(c) आपको क्या लगता है कि नशे में धुत ड्राइवर की व्यक्तिगत जिम्मेदारी पर ध्यान केंद्रित करना अधिक नैतिक है या रखरखाव विफलताओं के व्यापक प्रणालीगत मुद्दे पर? प्रासंगिक नैतिक सिद्धांतों के साथ अपने उत्तर को पुष्टि कीजिए। (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए) 20 अंक","20 अंक","250 शब्दों में"],[31,"This situation required extensive introspection before finalizing the report.\n(a) Identify the ethical issues and dilemmas in the above case.\n(b) What are the options available to you in the above case?\n(c) What do you think is more ethical to focus on the personal responsibility of the driver, who was intoxicated, or on the broader systemic issue of maintenance failures? Justify your answer with relevant ethical theories.\na) Identify the ethical issues and dilemmas in the above case.\nb) What are the options available to you in the above case?\nc) What do you think is more ethical to focus on the personal responsibility of the driver, who was intoxicated, or on the broader systemic issue of maintenance failures? Justify your answer with relevant ethical theories.","20","Answer in 250"],[35,"8 As an officer in the Right to Information (RTI) division of the Defence Ministry, your primary responsibility is to respond to RTI queries by furnishing relevant details. Most of these RTI applications pertain to tender information and procurement contracts. However, occasionally, applications concerning sensitive matters arise, requiring you to seek legal advice and obtain approval from your senior before responding. Recently, an RTI application was received that involved sensitive departmental initiatives. Following protocol, you sought legal advice, and the legal officer cleared the response. However, your senior did not approve the reply and instructed you to be opaque in your response. Respecting the chain of command, you adhered to the senior's directive and provided a vague and non-informative reply. Undeterred by the initial response, the applicant resubmitted the application, demonstrating persistence. Once again, you followed the senior's instructions and kept the response deliberately vague. This cycle continued, with the applicant becoming increasingly relentless. One day, the entire email trail related to this RTI case got leaked and found its way to the media. It was revealed that the persistent applicant was an RTI activist, dedicated to ensuring transparency and accountability within government departments. The media coverage brought significant public attention and scrutiny to the Defence Ministry's handling of RTI requests, particularly those concerning sensitive information. In the aftermath of the media exposure, your senior officer instructed you to take responsibility for the opaque responses. You were left questioning your actions and decisions, pondering where you might have gone wrong.\n(a) उपयुक्त मामले में निहित नैतिक मुद्दों और दुविधाओं की पहचान कीजिए।\n(b) उपयुक्त मामले में आपके पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\n(c) आरटीआई कार्यकर्ता की दृढ़ प्रकृति और जनता के सूचना के अधिकार को ध्यान में रखते हुए, आपको राष्ट्रीय सुरक्षा चिंताओं और पारदर्शिता और जवाबदेहिता के सिद्धांतों के बीच तनाव को कैसे दूर करना चाहिए? स्पष्ट कीजिए।","20 अंक","250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए"],[36,"(a) What are the ethical issues and dilemmas in the above case?\n(b) What are the options available to you in the above case?\n(c) Considering the persistent nature of the RTI activist and the public's right to information, how should you navigate the tension between national security concerns and the principles of transparency and accountability? Explain","20","Answer in 250"],[40,"9 As a dedicated Block Development Officer (BDO), you are highly respected by your staff and appreciated by your superiors for your constructive work. The state government has selected several villages within your jurisdiction to pilot a women's self-employment scheme utilising Information and Communication Technology (ICT). The project is to be implemented by a Non-Governmental Organization (NGO), and you have been instructed to provide logistical and other necessary support.\n\nThe NGO staff commenced their work by meeting and identifying young women who appeared to be suitable candidates for training and skill development. Following identification, these young women were provided with a starter kit, which included a broadband dongle, a 10-inch tablet, and some reading material. The training began in earnest, and the selected young women exhibited great enthusiasm and eagerness to learn. Initially, the project showed promising signs of success.\n\nHowever, one day, village elders approached you with a request to halt the pilot scheme. They expressed concerns that the devices and online learning were corrupting the young women. They believed that the girls were merely watching videos on the tablets instead of learning. The elders suggested that vocational\n(a) उपयुक्त मामले में निहित नैतिक मुद्दों और दुविधाओं को पहचान कीजिए।\n(b) उपयुक्त मामले में आपके पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\n(c) एनजीओ कर्मचारियों से प्राप्त फीडबैक पर विचार करते हुए कि गाँव के पुरुष खुद को उपेक्षित महसूस कर रहे हैं और महिलाओं को प्रशिक्षण सत्रों में भाग लेने से रोकने का प्रयास कर रहे हैं, आप कार्यक्रम में उनके समावेशन और समर्थन को सुनिश्चित करने के लिए क्या रणनीतियाँ लागू करेंगे? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए) 20 अंक","20 अंक","250 शब्दों में"],[41,"(a) What the issues that you notice in the above case?\n(b) What are actionable options available to you?\n(c) Considering the feedback from the NGO staff about village men feeling left out and attempting to dissuade women from attending training sessions, what strategies would you implement to ensure their inclusion and support for the program?","20","Answer in 250"],[45,"10. (a) उपयुक्त मामले में निहित नैतिक मुद्दों और दुविधाओं को पहचान कीजिए।\n(b) उपभोक्तावादी दृष्टिकोण को ध्यान में रखते हुए, क्या आपको लगता है कि श्री कुमार को झुग्गी-झोपड़ियों के निवासियों की बेहतरी के लिए परियोजना में तेजी लाने के श्री शर्मा के प्रस्ताव को स्वीकार कर लेना चाहिए था? क्यों अथवा क्यों नहीं?\n(c) गुण-नीतिशास्त्र (virtue ethics) के संदर्भ में, श्री कुमार जैसे वरिष्ठ सिविल सेवक के लिए नैतिक चरित्र और सत्यनिष्ठा के महत्व पर चर्चा कीजिए। इस दुविधा को हल करने में इन गुणों को उनके कार्यों का मार्गदर्शन किस प्रकार से करना चाहिए? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)\na) उपयुक्त मामले में निहित नैतिक मुद्दों और दुविधाओं को पहचान कीजिए।\nb) उपभोक्तावादी दृष्टिकोण को ध्यान में रखते हुए, क्या आपको लगता है कि श्री कुमार को झुग्गी-झोपड़ियों के निवासियों की बेहतरी के लिए परियोजना में तेजी लाने के श्री शर्मा के प्रस्ताव को स्वीकार कर लेना चाहिए था? क्यों अथवा क्यों नहीं?\nc) गुण-नीतिशास्त्र (virtue ethics) के संदर्भ में, श्री कुमार जैसे वरिष्ठ सिविल सेवक के लिए नैतिक चरित्र और सत्यनिष्ठा के महत्व पर चर्चा कीजिए। इस दुविधा को हल करने में इन गुणों को उनके कार्यों का मार्गदर्शन किस प्रकार से करना चाहिए? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","20 अंक","250 शब्दों में"],[46,"(a) What are the ethical issues and dilemmas in the above case?\n(b) Considering the utilitarian perspective, do you think Mr. Kumar should have accepted Mr. Sharma's proposal to expedite the project for the greater good of the slum residents? Why or why not?\n(c) In the context of virtue ethics, discuss the importance of moral character and integrity for a senior civil servant like Mr. Kumar. How should these virtues guide his actions in resolving the dilemma?\na) What are the ethical issues and dilemmas in the above case?\nb) Considering the utilitarian perspective, do you think Mr. Kumar should have accepted Mr. Sharma's proposal to expedite the project for the greater good of the slum residents? Why or why not?\nc) In the context of virtue ethics, discuss the importance of moral character and integrity for a senior civil servant like Mr. Kumar. How should these virtues guide his actions in resolving the dilemma?","20","Answer in 250"],[51,"11. Ms. Ananya Rao serves as a District Collector in Maharashtra. The district is embarking on an ambitious infrastructure project, the Rural Connectivity Project, designed to improve road connectivity between remote villages and main towns. This project promises significant benefits, including easier access to markets, healthcare, and education for the rural population.\n\nThe project, however, is mired in controversy. Environmentalists argue that the construction will cause irreparable damage to local forests and wildlife habitats. Local farming communities are concerned about losing agricultural land due to road expansion. There are also allegations of inadequate compensation and resettlement plans for affected families.\n\nAs the project progresses, various departments, including the Environment, Agriculture, and Public Works Department (PWD), are involved in the decision-making process. Each department has specific responsibilities. The Environment Department is tasked with assessing environmental impact, the Agriculture Department is responsible for ensuring farmers' rights, and the PWD is responsible for executing construction.\n\nMs. Rao, in her capacity, oversees the coordination among these departments. However, the project faces delays and mounting public criticism due to conflicting priorities and lack of accountability. Environmental assessments are incomplete, farmers' concerns remain unaddressed, and construction deadlines are missed.\n(a) उपयुक्त मामले में निहित नैतिक मुद्दों और दुविधाओं की पहचान कीजिए।\n(b) सुश्री राव के पास उपलब्ध विकल्प क्या हैं?\n(c) आप सुश्री राव के लिए किस प्रकार की कार्रवाई का सुझाव देंगे? क्यों?\n(d) क्या आपको लगता है कि देरी के लिए सुश्री राव को जवाबदेह ठहराना उचित था? क्यों/क्यों नहीं?","20 अंक","250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए"],[52,"In a critical meeting, the state Chief Secretary, Mr. Vikram Patel, emphasized the urgency of advancing the project and held Ms. Rao accountable for the delays, lack of progress, and overall non-performance. Ms. Rao left the meeting disappointed and felt holding her accountable for delay was unfair as there were others also involved in the project.\n(a) What are the ethical issues and dilemmas involved in the above case?\n(b) What are the options available to Ms. Rao?\n(c) What course of action would you suggest for Ms. Rao? Why?\n(d) Do you think holding Ms. Rao accountable for the delays was justified? Why/Why not?","20","Answer in 250"],[56,"12 (a) सुश्री शर्मा के सामने मौजूद मुद्दे और दुविधाएँ क्या हैं?  \n(b) अपने विभाग में उत्पीड़न और धमकाने की शिकायतों को संबोधित करने में सुश्री शर्मा को किन नैतिक सिद्धांतों द्वारा मार्गदर्शित होना चाहिए?  \n(c) सरकारी विभागों में उत्पीड़न और धमकाने को रोकने के लिए कौन-सी दीर्घकालिक रणनीतियाँ लागू की जानी चाहिए? ये रणनीतियाँ सम्मान और समावेशिता की संस्कृति को कैसे बढ़ावा दे सकती हैं?  \n(250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए) 20 अंक\na) सुश्री शर्मा के सामने मौजूद मुद्दे और दुविधाएँ क्या हैं?\nb) अपने विभाग में उत्पीड़न और धमकाने की शिकायतों को संबोधित करने में सुश्री शर्मा को किन नैतिक सिद्धांतों द्वारा मार्गदर्शित होना चाहिए?\nc) सरकारी विभागों में उत्पीड़न और धमकाने को रोकने के लिए कौन-सी दीर्घकालिक रणनीतियाँ लागू की जानी चाहिए? ये रणनीतियाँ सम्मान और समावेशिता की संस्कृति को कैसे बढ़ावा दे सकती हैं?","20 अंक","250 शब्दों में"],[57,"(a) What are the issues and dilemmas that confront Ms. Sharma?\n(b) What ethical principles should guide Ms. Sharma in addressing the harassment and bullying complaints in her department?\n(c) What long-term strategies should be implemented to prevent harassment and bullying in government departments? How can these strategies promote a culture of respect and inclusivity? (Answer in 250 words) 20 marks\na) What are the issues and dilemmas that confront Ms. Sharma?\nb) What ethical principles should guide Ms. Sharma in addressing the harassment and bullying complaints in her department?\nc) What long-term strategies should be implemented to prevent harassment and bullying in government departments? How can these strategies promote a culture of respect and inclusivity?","20","250"]]},{"i":677,"t":"Ritika Rath","c":"Forumias","p":"GS1","y":2024,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/RITIKA-RATH-UPSC-2024-Rank-48-MGP-Sample-Copy-3.pdf","q":[[2,"Q.1) In many ways, the Spanish civil war was the opening act of WWII. Comment.","10","150"],[4,"Q.2) How will you explain the different fates of Buddhism and Jainism despite a slew of similarities in the two religions?","10","150"],[6,"Q.3 Non-Cooperation Movement democratized India's freedom struggle but suffered from inherent limitations. Discuss.","10","150"],[8,"Q.4) Critically analyse the efficacy of linguistic reorganization of states in addressing the reasons for linguistic divides in post-independent India.","10","150"],[10,"Q.5 Briefly discuss the role of plate tectonics theory in explaining the location of volcanoes. Also, explain the multifarious impacts of volcanoes on the surrounding regions.","10","150"],[12,"Q.6 Taking further the success of Aspirational Districts Programme, Aspirational Blocks can help achieve the twin objectives of balanced growth and checking stress migration. Comment.","10","150"],[14,"Q.7) Describe the critical factors for location of defense industries and suggest measures to overcome the challenges.","10","150"],[16,"Q.8 To what extent can Socio-Economic-Caste Census (SECC) address the challenges in achieving equitable resource allocation and targeted welfare?","10","150"],[18,"Q.9 Indian society is premised on some common values that give it a composite texture as well as some diverse practices that deepen its heterogeneity. Elucidate.","10","150"],[20,"Q.10 What are the factors that influence population growth in the country? In this perspective, examine the relevance and need of raising the minimum marriageable age of women for population development.","10","150"],[22,"Q.11 Bring out the reasons behind the tribal unrest in British India. Also, analyze the reasons for their limited success.","15","250"],[25,"Q.12 The independence of India was not a result of a forced expulsion of the Empire, as desired by the Quit India Movement; it was rather a confluence of domestic politics and global circumstances. Analyze.","15","250"],[28,"Q.13 Explain why Sufism, a liberal reform movement in Islam could deepen its roots in the Indian sub-continent, despite Islam being a foreign religion? Also, bring out the impacts of Sufism on Indian society.","15","250"],[31,"Q.14) Enumerate the reasons behind rising intensity and frequency of cyclones in the Arabian Sea in recent years. Giving special reference to NDMA guidelines, recommend measures to check the adverse impacts of cyclones.","15","250"],[34,"Q.15 Examine the impacts of climate change on the hydrological cycle and suggest suitable mitigation and adaptation strategies to contain the harmful implications.","15","250"],[37,"Q.16) Defining continental shelf, highlight its resource potential and ecological significance.","15","250"],[40,"Q.17 Rooted in patriarchal values, gender-based violence, in all its manifestations, is antithetical to societal growth. Explain.","15","250"],[43,"Q.18 The caste calculus in the Indian society remains predominant and continues to project its shadow on social, political, and economic domains. Do you agree? Substantiate your answer.","15","250"],[46,"Q.19 Discuss various factors contributing to the water woes faced by Indian cities. Also, explain complexities in implementing a comprehensive water management plan.","15","250"],[49,"Q.20) Though important elements of group identity, religion and region also run the risk of deepening communal cleavages. Comment.","15","250"]]},{"i":678,"t":"Ritu Goyal","c":"Forumias","p":"GS1","y":2025,"r":223,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/RITU-GOYALUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-223-Sample-MGP-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) Why has public bathing been a recurring practice across cultures and societies? Discuss with examples.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Estimate the contributions of Chalukyas of Badami to Indian heritage and culture.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3 Mahatma Gandhi and Dr. B.R. Ambedkar had contrasting philosophies and approaches on caste and social reform. Examine.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) What factors can be attributed to the rising incidents of Glacial Lake Outburst Floods (GLOFs) in the Himalayan region? Discuss with examples.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) \"Migration is a vital livelihood strategy for rural households in developing countries like India.\" Elucidate.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6 Bring out the interdependence between physical and chemical weathering with suitable examples.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) Discuss how social media is reshaping identity formation and self-worth among adolescents in contemporary Indian society.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) The disproportionate preference for government jobs in certain Indian states is not merely a matter of personal aspiration. Analyze.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9) Explain the significance of population education in light of India's status as the world's most populous nation.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10) Globalization has infused Indian festivals with commercial elements, while also helping preserve and popularize them in new ways. Do you agree? Justify your answer.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11 India has a rich tradition of diverse dance forms, encompassing both classical and folk styles. Illustrate how they reflect the country's rich spiritual, cultural and social life.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12) The third decade of the 20th century witnessed the emergence of new forces and ideological currents that influenced the character of the Indian national movement. Elaborate.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13) Analyse the circumstances that led to Simla Agreement in 1972. Discuss the significance of the agreement.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 \"The Vietnam War was a proxy conflict rooted in the ideological rivalry of the Cold War.\" Comment.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 Discuss the concept of isostasy and explain its role in shaping Earth's major landforms.","15","250"],[37,"Q.16) The Indian Ocean is warming at an alarming rate. How may it affect the food security of India?","15","250"],[40,"Q.17 Describing the distribution of sugarcane producing countries, examine the major environmental challenges associated with its cultivation.","15","250"],[43,"Q.18) The richness and diversity of Indian society find vivid expression in the unique culture of its tribal communities. Elucidate.","15","250"],[46,"Q.19) Why is it essential to focus on health in the context of urban planning and reforms? How can this be achieved?","15","15"],[49,"Q.20) Analyze the socio-cultural factors contributing to the high attrition rate among women in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) careers in India. Suggest measures to improve their retention in STEM.","15","250"]]},{"i":679,"t":"Ritu Goyal","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2025,"r":223,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/RITU-GOYALUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-223-Sample-MGP-Copy-2.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) \"Independence in 1947 brought India not just freedom but also the arduous challenges of nation-building and socio-economic development\". Discuss the changes introduced by the Indian Independence Act 1947 and the consequent challenges.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) The Indian Constitution, as a living document, embodies adaptability and responsiveness to meet evolving social, economic, and political realities. Elaborate.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3 \"The 7th Schedule is vital for demarcation of legislative powers, yet it disproportionately empowers the Union, diluting the federal spirit.\" Comment.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) The Inter-State Council has significant potential for resolving federal disputes, but its potential is yet to be fully realized. Discuss.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5 Explain the method of appointment, duties and functions of the Attorney General of India. Also, mention the limitations placed in the office.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) The burden of inadequate healthcare infrastructure falls heavily on the poor, perpetuating cycles of poverty and poor health outcomes. In this context, discuss the issues with the country's health infrastructure and suggest measures to strengthen it.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7 To what extent, in your opinion, will the 106th Constitutional Amendment Act help in increasing women's representation and empowerment in the Indian political process?","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) What do you understand by malnutrition? Discuss the role of various nutrition-specific and nutrition-sensitive interventions to address the problem of malnutrition in the country.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9) Do you think that the G7 has lost its relevance in a world of emerging powers and a changing global order?","10","150"],[21,"Q.10) Discuss the contribution of the Indian diaspora to the economies of West Asia and Africa. Also, state the issues faced by them and suggest steps needed to address these issues effectively.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11) Discuss the evolution of the doctrine of basic structure with the help of relevant case laws. Also, bring out the significance of basic structure in preserving the basic construct of the constitution.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12) Compare and contrast the positions of the Speaker in the Indian Parliament and the British Parliamentary system. Highlighting various issues related to the functioning of the Office of the Speaker in India, suggest remedial measures.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13) The Constitution envisages the use of ordinances only under extraordinary circumstances, yet they are sometimes used to serve political expediency. Describe the rationale behind the inclusion of ordinance-making power in the Constitution and the various safeguards against its misuse. Do you think that the ordinance-making power has outlived its utility?","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 Independent judiciary is a vital pillar of a vibrant democracy; however, executive encroachment jeopardizes the efficacy and credibility of the judiciary. Discuss.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 Discuss the various administrative challenges faced by local self-governments (LSGs). What measures do you suggest for devolving administrative powers to LSGs enabling them to function as institutions of genuine self-governance?","15","250"],[38,"Q.16) While the NCST has made significant contributions to tribal welfare, a multi-faceted approach is necessary to complement its efforts and ensure the holistic development of tribals. Elaborate.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17) Discuss the significance of public sector data sharing in promoting inclusive and efficient governance in the country. Outline the challenges faced in the sharing of public data and suggest strategies to overcome these challenges.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18) \"Understanding poverty should not be restricted to economic deprivation; rather, it has multiple connotations.\" Discuss. What steps do you suggest to effectively address the multifaceted nature of poverty?","15","250"],[47,"Q.19) Describe the structure and mandate of the International Court of Justice (ICJ). Also, enumerate the challenges it faces in fulfilling its mandate.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20) While the expansion of BRICS offers new opportunities, realizing its full potential will require concerted efforts from member states to address internal contradictions and foster meaningful cooperation. Elaborate.","15","250"]]},{"i":680,"t":"Ritu Goyal","c":"Forumias","p":"GS3","y":2025,"r":223,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/RITU-GOYALUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-223-Sample-MGP-Copy-3.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) What factors have expedited the digitalization of the economy in the recent past? Explain with suitable examples.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Why has there been an increased focus on negotiating, renegotiating and concluding Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) by India in recent years?","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) The horticulture sector offers opportunities to transform the agricultural landscape of the country but is constrained by various factors. Elaborate.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) What is AgriStack? How will it benefit the agricultural sector?","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) Explain the concept of Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) technology and discuss its potential applications in diverse fields.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) What do you understand by nanotechnology and how is it helping in environmental remediation?","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) While oceans are considered among mankind's best allies in the fight against climate change, they are themselves heavily impacted by the same. Discuss.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) \"Disasters cannot be managed by a single agency, department, or ministry on its own. It requires a whole-of-government and whole-of-society approach.\" Elucidate.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9) 'Grey-zone' warfare challenges traditional notions of sovereignty and conflict. Examine.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10 Elaborate on the need for a clearly articulated National Security Strategy (NSS) for systematic, consistent and coherent approach toward national security.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11) The proliferation of Global Capability Centers (GCCs) across India has earned it the title of \"GCC Capital of the World\". Describe the reasons behind this proliferation and throw light on its impact on the country's economic landscape.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12 As the Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY) completes a decade of its implementation, evaluate its effectiveness in promoting financial inclusion and economic empowerment in the country.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13) Critically examine the role of Primary Agricultural Credit Societies (PACs) in achieving the twin targets of boosting rural economy and mainstreaming small and marginal farmers.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14) How will you explain the irony of low millet cultivation and consumption despite their multifarious benefits? Also, suggest measures to curb this anomaly.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 \"India's Space Technology is virtually touching every person's life\". In light of this statement, describe how advancements in space technology have impacted various aspects of daily life in the country.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16 How can 'agrivoltaics' benefit India's agriculture and energy sectors? Highlighting the factors hindering its widespread adoption, suggest remedial measures.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17) Project Tiger's 50-year journey is marked by significant achievements, yet persistent socio-economic and ecological challenges related to tiger conservation highlight the need for a more holistic and integrated approach. Discuss.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 Explain the various causes and the effects of landslides. Also, discuss the measures to mitigate their impact, with a special emphasis on National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) guidelines.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 Ethnic fault lines represent a serious security challenge, but they are only one aspect of the broader security concerns in the Northeast. Analyse.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20) Maritime security challenges are complex, driven by both conventional and non-conventional threats. In this context, discuss the key maritime security challenges in India. Also, highlight the measures taken by the government in this regard.","15","250"]]},{"i":681,"t":"Riya Saini","c":"Forumias","p":"GS3","y":2024,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/RIYA-SAINI-UPSC-2024-Rank-22-MGP-Sample-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[35,"Q15 Significance of Multi modal Transport System","",""],[38,"Q16 Potential of Agristack in providing remedy to existing ills of agriculture","",""],[51,"8 Challenges with Biotechnology in Agriculture","",""]]},{"i":682,"t":"Rohin Kumar","c":"Forumias","p":"GS1","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/400960_833220_1910139147.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) Answer the following questions in 150 words.\na) Explain the geomorphic evolution of the Western Ghats and their significance in biodiversity conservation.","10","150"],[5,"b) Examine the factors responsible for the north-eastward shifting of the monsoon trough in recent years.","10",""],[7,"c) Discuss the distribution and economic importance of Laterite soils in India.","10",""],[9,"d) Assess the implications of Ramsar wetland sites in India's environmental policy.","10",""],[11,"e) Evaluate the role of natural vegetation belts in influencing agricultural patterns in India.","10",""],[13,"Q.2) a) Analyse the causes and impacts of land subsidence in Himalayan towns with special reference to Joshimath.","20",""],[17,"b) Examine the role of Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) in modulating rainfall over India.","15",""],[20,"c) Explain the locational factors of Bauxite mining in Eastern India.","15",""],[23,"Q.3) a) Discuss the geomorphic and climatic factors responsible for the formation of Thar Desert.","20",""],[27,"b) Analyse the challenges in managing river interlinking projects in India.","15",""],[30,"c) Examine the geographical factors responsible for the location of space launch centres in India.","15",""],[33,"Q.4) a) Examine the regional disparities in the distribution of thermal power plants in India.","20",""],[37,"b) Evaluate the success and limitations of the Desert Development Programme (DDP).","15",""],[40,"c) Discuss the role of smart cities mission in shaping India's urban morphology.","15",""],[43,"Q.5 Write short notes on the following in 150 words.\na) Discuss the geographical basis of Indian federalism.","10","150"],[45,"b) Analyse the role of cross-border trade corridors in India's economic growth.","10",""],[47,"c) Examine the impact of naxal-affected regions on developmental geography.","10",""],[49,"d) Assess the implications of India's Look East Policy from a geographical perspective.","10",""],[51,"e) Explain the challenges in floodplain zoning in India.","10",""],[53,"Q.6) a) Analyse the causes of coastal erosion along India's eastern seaboard, with recent examples.","20",""],[57,"b) Discuss the significance of Andaman & Nicobar Islands in India's maritime strategy.","15",""],[60,"c) Examine the impact of urban floods with reference to cities like Chennai and Bengaluru.","15",""],[63,"Q.7) a) Critically evaluate the progress of the Inland Waterways of India as an alternative mode of transport.","20",""],[67,"b) Analyse the reasons for the uneven development of horticulture in India.","15",""],[70,"c) Examine the geopolitical significance of Chabahar Port for India.","15",""],[73,"Q.8) a) “Regional consciousness in India has deep geographical roots.” Examine with examples.","20",""],[77,"b) Discuss the implications of sea level rise for the coastal plains of India.","15",""],[80,"c) Evaluate the success of Special Economic Zones (SEZs) in reducing regional imbalances.","15",""]]},{"i":683,"t":"Rohin Kumar","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":2025,"r":39,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/ROHIN-KUMAR-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-39-Sample-MGP-Copy-2.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) 'Unconscious biases in parenting continue to shape gendered experiences in India.' Do you agree with this view? Discuss.","10","150"],[5,"b) Distinguish between empathy and compassion. Why are they considered as foundational values in public services?","10","150"],[7,"Q.2) a) The current society is witnessing rising levels of intolerance. What are the consequences of this situation for personal well-being and for societal well-being? What can one do at the personal level to become tolerant?","10","150"],[9,"b) What are the main components of emotional intelligence and how does it help an individual in taking ethical decisions?","10","150"],[11,"Q.3) Given below are the three quotations of great thinkers. What do each of these quotations convey to you in the present context?\na) \"This life is short, the vanities of the world are transient, but they alone live who live for others, the rest are more dead than alive.\" - Swami Vivekanand","10","150"],[13,"b) \"If you cry because the sun has gone out of your life, your tears will prevent you from seeing the stars.\" - Rabindranath Tagore","10","150"],[15,"c) \"Two ways of building character – cultivating strength to challenge oppression, and tolerate the resultant hardships that give rise to courage and awareness.\" - Sardar Patel","10","150"],[17,"Q.4) a) \"With great power comes great responsibility.\" In the present context, 'Big Tech' headquartered in developed countries wield disproportionate influence over digital infrastructure, personal data, and global narratives—often prioritising profit over ethical considerations. What ethical principles should guide such corporations in building a fair, inclusive, and just global digital framework?","10","150"],[19,"b) What do you understand by the term 'crisis of conscience'? Describe an incident from your life where you experienced such a crisis. How did you deal with it?","10","150"],[21,"Q.5) a) \"A politics of confession that encourages politicians and parties to confess and offer regret for their errors can surely be a cathartic experience.\" Examine the statement from the ethical point of view.","10","150"],[23,"b) What are the key objectives of the Right to Information Act, 2005? Examine the ethical concerns associated with certain provisions of the Digital Personal Data Protection Act in realizing the objectives of the RTI Act.","10","150"],[25,"Q.6) a) Public spaces serve as arenas of democratic participation and civic expression. Yet in India, they remain deeply gendered, with many women largely confined to the private and domestic sphere. Examine the factors that restrict women's access to public spaces. How can ethical governance help address the issue of gendered spatial control and promote inclusivity in public spaces?","10","150"],[27,"b) Write short notes on the following in 30 words each:\ni) Ethical fading\nii) Conflict of interest\niii) Persuasion\niv) Work culture\nv) Corporate governance","10 marks, 150","30 words each"],[29,"Q.7 A State Government in the northeastern part of the country has launched a series of anti-encroachment drives across forest areas, wetlands, and revenue lands. Under the directions of the Chief Minister, the administration has intensified efforts to reclaim public land, particularly in areas reserved for ecological protection and critical infrastructure development. Most of the time, these actions have been backed by court orders and have resulted in the recovery of thousands of hectares of land. However, in certain regions, the implementation of such drives is fraught with social and political complexities. In several districts, settlements have existed for decades and are inhabited by marginalized communities with limited access to legal rights or formal rehabilitation measures. These areas are often politically sensitive and influenced by local leaders and pressure groups.\nSimanta is posted as Additional Deputy Commissioner (ADC) in one such district. Over the past year, the district administration has attempted to align eviction measures with welfare outreach, including the provision of temporary shelters, relocation assistance, and public consultations. Recently, a major operation was scheduled to clear encroachments from over 140 hectares of forest land within a Reserved Forest, primarily to curb rising instances of human-elephant conflict and to restore ecological balance. Anticipating eviction, some residents approached the High Court seeking a stay. However, the court refused to grant it and directed the administration to proceed with the eviction following due process. Notices were served, and a detailed roadmap was prepared to carry out the operation, which was expected to last 2-3 days due to the scale and remote location. On the first day, Simanta led a team comprising forest officials, municipal workers, and police personnel. Demolitions were conducted peacefully and without major resistance. However, on the second day, when the team returned to the site, a large group of agitated residents—primarily women and children—had gathered. They raised slogans and formed human chains to prevent further evictions. The atmosphere grew tense when some individuals began throwing stones, resulting in serious injury to a municipal worker. The crowd grew increasingly volatile and emotionally charged, demanding an immediate halt to the operation. The police contingent present on the ground was outnumbered by the crowd. Faced with this crisis, some team members pleaded with Simanta to call off the operation, fearing threats to their life and the possibility of a violent escalation. Simanta attempted to contact his superior officer (the Deputy Commissioner), but due to poor mobile connectivity in the forested area, communication could not be established. Meanwhile, several local journalists had arrived and begun reporting on the incident. Simanta is in a dilemma as to what to do.\na. Evaluate the options available with Simanta to cope with the situation.\nb. Which of the above options would be the most appropriate for Simanta and why?\nc. What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by Simanta?\nd. Examine the qualities of a public servant which will be required to manage such situations.","20","250"],[30,"a. स्थिति से निपटने के लिए सीमंता के पास उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन करें।\nb. सीमंता के लिए सबसे उपयुक्त होगा और क्यों?\nc. सीमंता को किन नैतिक दुविधाओं का सामना करना पड़ रहा है?\nd. ऐसी परिस्थितियों का प्रबंधन करने के लिए एक लोक सेवक के गुणों का परीक्षण करें।\na स्थिति से निपटने के लिए सीमंता के पास उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन करें।\nb सीमंता के लिए सबसे उपयुक्त होगा और क्यों?\nc सीमंता को किन नैतिक दुविधाओं का सामना करना पड़ रहा है?\nd ऐसी परिस्थितियों का प्रबंधन करने के लिए एक लोक सेवक के गुणों का परीक्षण करें।","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[34,"Q.8) Megha is a first-year sociology student at a reputed college in the national capital. She is originally from Tadchiroli, a tribal village in a western Indian state. Megha's family migrated to the city when she was seven years old and had not visited their village since. Though Megha has fond memories of her childhood there, she never deeply understood the customs and traditions of the region. One day, Megha expresses her wish to visit Tadchiroli. Her father agrees and asks her to inform Ratan, her paternal uncle, who still lives in the village with his family. Megha informs Ratan and travels to the village during a semester break. Upon arrival, she receives a warm welcome from Ratan and his family. Later, Ratan invites her to attend a local festival. During the event, Megha notices that her cousin Rinki is missing. Curious, she asks Ratan's wife Ratna why Rinki is not at the festival. Ratna explains that Rinki is on her period, and as per tradition, menstruating girls must stay separately in small huts built specifically for the purpose. Locally known as 'kurma ghars', they are generally located on the periphery of the village, near a river or pond. She further adds that these girls are not allowed to enter the main house or participate in any social or religious activities. Megha is taken aback. She asks whether all women follow this practice. Ratna nods and says it has been the custom for generations. Even schoolgirls stay in these huts and miss classes during their periods. Ratna admits that many in the village, including herself, never questioned the practice. The explanation unsettles Megha. She finds it hard to believe that a natural biological function leads to such exclusion. Before returning to the city, Megha observes that even educated family members seem to accept and follow these customs. The experience leaves a deep impact on her. She starts reading more about menstrual taboos and their impact on women's health, dignity, and education. As a sociology student, she recognises how such traditions are linked to patriarchy and social stigma. She begins to reflect on what she can do at her level to improve the current situation, without alienating the community or disrespecting its traditions.\na. Suggest a course of action Megha can take to sensitize her village community without appearing disrespectful or confrontational.\nb. What ethical principles and methods should guide her actions while engaging with the community?\nc. How is menstruation related to human rights?","20","250"],[35,"a, b, c a. मेघा द्वारा अपने गांव के समुदाय को असम्मानजनक या टकरावपूर्ण व्यवहार किए बिना संवेदनशील बनाने के लिए अपनाई जा सकने वाली कार्यवाही का सुझाव दीजिए।\nb. समुदाय के साथ जुड़ते समय उसके कार्यों को किन नैतिक सिद्धांतों और तरीकों से निर्देशित किया जाना चाहिए?\nc. मासिक धर्म मानव अधिकारों से किस प्रकार संबंधित है?","","20 अंक"],[39,"Q.9) Gopal is an 80-year-old man living in a remote and an underdeveloped village in a Central Indian state. He had been residing in a small mud house for years. When he came to know about the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana–Gramin (PMAY-G), he saw a glimmer of hope for a pucca house in the last phase of his life. However, the village sarpanch and panchayat secretary told him that to be eligible under the scheme, he must first demolish his existing house so that during a site inspection, no structure would be visible at the location. Subsequently, Gopal demolished his shelter and began living under a babool tree. For nearly six months, he has been staying in the open, braving harsh weather conditions. During this time, he has repeatedly visited the panchayat office but has been told that his application cannot be processed as he lacks the necessary documents. You are the officer-in-charge of implementing PMAY-G in the district. The case of Gopal reaches you through a prominent newspaper report. You personally visit him to understand the situation on the ground. After meeting him and listening to his account, you feel that he certainly needs support. Your enquiries confirm that he is truly destitute and living in a pitiable condition under the open sky. It is also established that he demolished his house based on a faulty interpretation of the scheme by panchayat officials. However, he has no documents to show that he fulfils the eligibility criteria under the scheme. Now you are in a dilemma. Including him under the scheme without the necessary documents would clearly be a violation of rules. But denying him support would be cruel and inhuman.\na. Can you think of a rational way to resolve this dilemma?\nb. Give your reasons for it.\nc. What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?","20","250"],[44,"Q.10) You are working as an Assistant Section Officer in the District Development and Panchayat Office. One day, one of your close colleagues approaches you in deep distress. She tells you that her father is suffering from a severe liver condition, and the doctors have clearly stated that he must undergo liver transplant immediately in order to survive. She shares that she has no health insurance, and the surgery would cost around Rs 15 lakh. You are aware that her husband passed away a few years ago, and that she also has a four-year-old son with special needs. Just a few weeks ago, she also lost all her savings in a digital arrest scam. As a widow from a lower middle-class family, her options are extremely limited. Although you feel deeply empathetic, you are unable to offer financial assistance, as you do not have the resources to help. A few weeks later, you enquire about her father's health. She informs you that the liver transplant surgery was successful and that her father is now recovering steadily. Relieved, you ask how she managed to arrange the funds. Hesitantly, she confides that the District Development and Panchayat Officer (DDPO) helped her. Moved by her situation, the DDPO facilitated the release of Rs 15 lakh from the fund allocated to a rural sanitation scheme. The implementation of this scheme had been put on hold for a year due to technical issues and pending site approvals. She explains that the amount was provided on the assurance of strict confidentiality and with a commitment to repay it at the earliest. She expresses deep gratitude for the DDPO's timely help, which she believes saved her father's life. She has already begun repaying the money and will continue to do so until it is all returned.\na. Discuss the ethical issues involved in the case.\nb. Examine the behavior of DPDO from an ethical point of view.\nc. How would you react to the situation?","20","20"],[49,"Q.11) Nithin is the head of the Marketing Department at Pehnava Clothings Ltd., a reputed apparel manufacturing company with a strong global presence. Known for its professionalism and consistent performance, the company had earned a credible name in both domestic and international markets. However, the firm was going through difficult times. For three consecutive quarters, it had witnessed a steep decline in sales. This trend had raised serious concerns among the top management regarding the company's competitiveness, profitability, and long-term stability. To address the situation, the leadership decided to restructure the marketing division and bring in dynamic leadership. A senior marketing executive, Mr. A, was hired after a rigorous selection process. He had an impressive career record and was known for turning around sales performance in other firms and building strong brand identities. With high expectations placed upon him, Mr. A was seen as the key figure to steer the company out of crisis. Mr. A soon began delivering results. Within a year, the company's revenue had almost doubled, and its brand visibility had increased significantly. His bold marketing strategies, proactive outreach, and innovative campaigns received appreciation from various quarters within the company. His performance drew the attention of the top management. There were deliberations about assigning him a larger role within the company, with a focus on long-term business strategy. He was also being considered for an internal award for 'Excellence in Leadership and Innovation'. However, alongside professional success of Mr. A, Nithin began receiving troubling feedback about his conduct in the workplace. Informal reports indicated that he frequently made inappropriate comments about women. In addition, he regularly sent indecent messages via social media apps to all team members, including his female colleagues. Although no formal complaint was lodged initially, Nithin could sense tension within the team, and signs of discomfort were becoming increasingly apparent. Some employees even started avoiding direct interaction with Mr. A. Team morale and interpersonal trust were gradually eroding, but employees remained hesitant to speak openly. The matter escalated one evening when Mrs. X, one of Mr. A's team members approached Nithin. Visibly disturbed and emotionally shaken, she disclosed that Mr. A had repeatedly engaged in inappropriate behavior towards her. She added that Mr. A had been making undesirable advances towards her and had even tried to touch her inappropriately in his cabin. She urged Nithin to take appropriate action in the matter, or else she would have no option but to resign from her position.\na. Bring out the ethical issues involved in this case.\nb. What are the options available to Nithin?\nc. Critically examine each of the options identified by Nithin.\nd. Which of the options, do you think, would be more appropriate for Nithin to adopt and why?","20","20"],[55,"Q.12 You are appointed as an officer heading the Air Quality Compliance Division of the Environment Pollution Control Board in Delhi-NCR. The region is witnessing alarming levels of air pollution, which typically worsen during the winter months due to various meteorological and anthropogenic factors. The situation has led to severe public health concerns, particularly affecting vulnerable groups such as the elderly, children, and those with respiratory illnesses. The Supreme Court has also raised serious concern over the deteriorating air quality in Delhi-NCR and has directed the administration to take immediate and effective measures to control pollution, especially during the winter months. Your jurisdiction has a large number of small and medium-scale industries that were granted environmental clearance over the years. These industries form the backbone of the local economy and provide employment to a significant number of migrant workers. However, recent inspections and air quality monitoring reports indicate that a significant number of these units are operating in violation of prescribed air emission norms. As part of targeted measures to curb air pollution, you issued notices to all identified polluting units, directing them to apply for fresh environmental clearance certificates from the competent authority. However, your decision triggered strong opposition from a section of industrial units, labour unions, and local politicians. Industrial owners argued that such action would lead to production shutdowns, financial losses, and shortages of their products in the market. Labour unions and workers also protested, fearing mass unemployment and livelihood insecurity. Local politicians and vested interests accused you of jeopardising the socio-economic stability of the region. You received representations from various quarters urging you to withdraw the notices and not initiate harsh measures, citing the interests of multiple stakeholders. Additionally, you began receiving anonymous threats, aimed at coercing you into reversing your decision. On the other hand, several of your colleagues supported your stance, encouraging you to act in the larger public interest. Several local NGOs and environmental groups rallied behind your actions, demanding the immediate closure of polluting units.\na. Under the given conditions, what are the options available to you?\nb. Critically evaluate each of the options listed by you.\nc. What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by you?","20","250"]]},{"i":684,"t":"Ruhani","c":"Nextias","p":"GS1","y":null,"r":5,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/ee21bf4c91767f03906ea17bc7230b10/105/air-5-ruhani_test-1_gs1.pdf","q":[[6,"Q.1 The fabric of Indian philosophical thought owes as much to Northern India as to Southern India. Elucidate.","10","Answer in 150"],[8,"Q.2 The Indian society's impulse for social change and reform was a response to its opposition to colonial rule. Examine.","10","Answer in 150"],[10,"Q.3 What are the factors that led to the Russian revolution and what are the consequences of this revolution? Discuss its influence on the Indian national movement.","10","Answer in 150"],[12,"Q.4 Discuss the various factors responsible for the uneven temperature distribution on Earth's surface.","10","150"],[14,"Q.5 The melting of glaciers due to climate change has serious implications for the ecosystem and human society. Discuss the effects of melting glaciers on the environment and the measures that can be taken to address this issue.","10","Answer in 150"],[16,"Q.6 The White Revolution was most successful in the Western part of India. Discuss the factors for this regional success of the White Revolution.","10","150"],[18,"Q.7 To what extent does seismic investigation contribute to our understanding of the Earth's interior structure? Analyze its significance in detail.","10","150"],[20,"Q.8 The pace of demographic transition varies across different states of India making population growth a double-edged sword. Comment.","10","150"],[22,"Q.9 The ethnic and cultural diversity in India has always been bound by the thread of unity. Discuss the major factors that have contributed to the cultural unity of India.","10","150"],[24,"Q.10 The dichotomy in public and private life in Indian society acts as a major barrier to the annihilation of caste. Justify.","10","150"],[26,"Q.11 India was forced into numerous wars post Independence. Highlight the causes and impact of the Indo-Pak and Indo-China wars on our bilateral relationships.","15","Answer in 250"],[29,"Q.12 The process of consolidation of Bengal, which started after the Battle of Plassey culminated in the Battle of Buxar. Do you think the Battle of Buxar was more important for the British than Plassey?","15","Answer in 250"],[32,"Q.13 Sanskrit literature in general and particularly in the Guptan age set a high watermark for the literary history of ancient India. Discuss.","15","250"],[35,"Q.14 The configuration of the ocean floor provides essential information about the geological processes that have shaped the Earth's surface. Discuss the major features of the ocean floor and their significance in the study of oceanography.","15","250"],[38,"Q.15 With the growing demand for rare earth elements, their distribution has become a critical aspect of the global economy. Discuss the distribution of rare earth elements across the world, their uses, and the environmental impact of their extraction.","15","250"],[41,"Q.16 Tourism in the hilly states is threatening to exceed the ecological carrying capacity of the region. Analyze the factors contributing to this trend and evaluate the potential Environmental impacts of this phenomenon. What measures can be taken to ensure sustainable tourism in these states?","15","250"],[44,"Q.17 The Indian monsoon is a complex phenomenon influenced by various climatic factors. Critically examine the role of oceanic and atmospheric factors in determining the intensity and distribution of monsoon rainfall in India.","15","250"],[47,"Q.18 Why do traditions in our society impede change? To what extent can social legislation be instrumental against old customary practices?","15","Answer in 250"],[50,"Q.19 Slums are not 'problems' that have to be 'solved' - but are indeed a result of lopsided and vested urban policies covering infrastructure provision and socio-economic issues. Analyse.","15","250"],[53,"Q.20 Communalism gains strength from economic deprivation, and thrives in environments of social exclusion, creating fertile ground for discontent and division. Comment.","15","250"]]},{"i":686,"t":"Ruhani","c":"Nextias","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":5,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/ee21bf4c91767f03906ea17bc7230b10/113/air-5-ruhani_test-2_gs2.pdf","q":[[6,"Q.1 There is a need to resolve the ambiguity in the disqualification provisions under section 8 of the Representation of People Act 1951. Discuss.","10","150"],[8,"Q.2 Constitution is a mere skeleton whereas constitutionalism is the soul of democracy. Discuss.","10","150"],[10,"Q.3 \"Electoral bonds are a double-edged sword, providing anonymity to donors while raising concerns about transparency in political funding.\" To what extent have electoral bonds further legitimized opacity in electoral funding?","10","Answer in 150"],[12,"Q.4 The question of gender equality is central to the debate on Uniform Civil Code. In this light what are the challenges in reconciling UCC with gender equality as enshrined in the constitution?","10","150"],[14,"Q.5 The Governor's office is neither decorative nor inconsequential, it assumes a constitutional role of profound essence. To what extent does the Governor, actively contribute to the governance of a state and reinforce the principles of federalism in the country?","10","Answer in 150"],[16,"Q.6 Recently demand has been rising in a state regarding the enactment of Social Accountability Law. How such a law can lead to good governance and boost citizens' participation in decision-making. Comment.","10","150"],[18,"Q.7 There is a need for convergence of 'nutrition-specific' and 'nutrition-sensitive' interventions to effectively tackle child undernutrition in India. Examine.","10","150"],[20,"Q.8 \"MGNREGA, the lynchpin of rural poverty alleviation, has become the victim of fiscal apathy.\" Critically analyze the statement in light of recent developments.","10","150"],[22,"Q.9 \"India must leverage, if not manage, the global divides\". How can the current geopolitical churn pave the way for India's rise to the global high table?","10","150"],[24,"Q.10 \"Berlin can be India's gateway to the European Union.\" Elaborate with respect to Germany's significance in India's relationship with the EU.","10","150"],[26,"Q.11 How has the Anti-Defection Law impacted the relationship between political parties and individual legislators in India? In light of the recent incidents also discuss the unintended consequences it has on the functioning of democracy in India.","15","250"],[29,"Q.12 Critics assert that limitless judicial authority rests on the structural ambiguity of the basic structure doctrine. Has the elastic nature of the basic structure doctrine made the judiciary more powerful than the executive?","15","250"],[32,"Q.13 Fundamental rights are not gifts bestowed upon by the state rather an individual possesses them independently of the state. In this context discuss the desirability of reasonable restrictions on various fundamental rights.","15","250"],[35,"Q.14 'S.R. Bommai v. Union of India signified a paradigm shift in the judicial interpretation of the union's authority to assume control of a state's administration.' In this context discuss the significance and impact of the judgement on cementing the federal structure.","15","250"],[38,"Q.15 The key to effective decentralization is, 'political decentralization should follow finance and functional decentralization'. Discuss in the context of impediments faced by local governance in India.","15","250"],[41,"Q.16 Multi-stakeholder partnerships are the key to leveraging collective expertise and networks. How can effective partnership and localized implementation efforts be fostered to accelerate the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in India?","15","250"],[44,"Q.17 How has the implementation of the POSH Act resulted in limited success in raising awareness about sexual harassment, and what factors have hindered its effective outreach to women employed in the unorganized sector? Propose strategies to bridge this gap and ensure comprehensive protection for women in the unorganized sector against workplace harassment.","15","Answer in 250"],[47,"Q.18 'Neo-liberal reforms and globalization have deeply transformed the institutions of the welfare state and set the ground for a new type of civil services.' In this context examine the challenges faced in service delivery and suggest adequate reforms.","15","250"],[50,"Q.19 China views India as its \"Asian Rival\" with an innate ability to counter its hegemonistic goals in Asia. Despite these difficulties in India-China relations, there are also many areas of convergence. Discuss.","15","250"],[53,"Q.20 Indo-Pacific region in recent times has emerged as a zone of diverging interests and priorities. Discuss. Do you think the Global Security Initiative will supersede QUAD in the region?","15","Answer in 250"]]},{"i":685,"t":"Ruhani","c":"Nextias","p":"GS3","y":null,"r":5,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/ee21bf4c91767f03906ea17bc7230b10/107/air-5-ruhani_test-3_gs3.pdf","q":[[6,"Q.1 What do you understand by Windfall tax? Do you think that windfall taxes can effectively redistribute wealth and promote greater economic equality?","10","150"],[8,"Q.2 Discuss the perceived successes and challenges of implementing inflation targeting under the new Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) regime.","10","Answer in 150"],[10,"Q.3 Assess the potential of millet production in promoting sustainable agriculture and improving food security in India.","10","150"],[12,"Q.4 Jal Jeevan Mission has the potential to end the regional disparity in the availability and accessibility of drinking water. Highlighting the significance of the mission, discuss the underlying impediments in achieving the desired objectives.","10","150"],[14,"Q.5 What do you understand by Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS)? Discuss its applications and how it can revolutionize the energy program of India.","10","Answer in 150"],[16,"Q.6 Discuss in brief developments and challenges in the Gaganyaan mission of ISRO. What are the possible benefits of the mission for the society?","10","150"],[18,"Q.7 \"Green hydrogen can be the silver bullet in our quest to tackle climate change and pollution\". Critically analyze the statement in light of India's National Green Hydrogen mission.","10","150"],[20,"Q.8 What are the key lessons for disaster management and environmental conservation in the Himalayan region, in light of the recent disaster in Joshimath, Uttarakhand?","10","Answer in 150"],[22,"Q.9 \"The recent radical trends in Punjab show that the Khalistan issue is still simmering.\" Discuss the statement with respect to recent developments and suggest measures to handle it.","10","Answer in 150"],[24,"Q.10 The anonymity and ease of drone operation contribute to the challenges of India's border security. Elaborate and give suggestions to tackle the drone problem in border areas.","10","150"],[26,"Q.11 Electricity Amendment Bill, 2022 brings several advantages for consumers, DISCOMs as well as the environment. Elaborate. Also, list out its shortcomings and suggest some measures to overcome them.","15","Answer in 250"],[29,"Q.12 Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) plays an important role in the regulation of the share market and safeguarding the interests of investors. In the light of given statement, highlight the challenges faced by the SEBI and suggest reforms in this regard.","15","250"],[32,"Q.13 Despite being a major contributor to the Indian economy, the agriculture sector is plagued by several constraints that impede its growth and development. Discuss the role of technology in overcoming these constraints.","15","250"],[35,"Q.14 Evaluate the impact of irrigation on the environment and natural resources, and suggest measures to ensure the sustainability and equity of irrigation practices in agriculture.","15","Answer in 250"],[38,"Q.15 How India benefitted strategically from the contributions of Dr. Homi Jehangir Bhabha and Dr. Vikram Ambalal Sarabhai in the fields of atomic energy and space technology respectively?","15","Answer in 250"],[41,"Q.16 Generative AI holds the potential to push the boundaries of innovation in the near future, yet its societal impact raises substantial challenges. Elaborate.","15","Answer in 250"],[44,"Q.17 Explain the purpose of the \"Mangrove Alliance for Climate\" launched at the COP27 UN Climate Change Conference in Egypt in November 2022. Elaborate on the importance of mangroves in maintaining the coastal ecology of tropical nations.","15","250"],[47,"Q.18 The Formation of the Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure brings more robustness to the Disaster Management approach in India. Comment and justify the need for a new strategy to tackle Disasters in India.","15","Answer in 250"],[50,"Q.19 The recent rise in ransomware attacks targeting critical infrastructure and major corporations has highlighted the urgent need for stronger cybersecurity measures and policies. Discussing the key factors contributing to this trend, analyze the impact of these attacks on various sectors.","15","250"],[53,"Q.20 In the context of border security, how can cooperation and coordination between different security agencies be improved to ensure effective and efficient management of coastal and terrestrial borders?","15","250"]]},{"i":687,"t":"Ruhani","c":"Nextias","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":5,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/ee21bf4c91767f03906ea17bc7230b10/115/air-5-ruhani_test-4_gs4.pdf","q":[[6,"1. (a) Public service requires not merely legal but also morally principled action. Public service requires the public servant to place loyalty to the constitution, laws, and ethical principles. Among the three, which do you think must acquire primacy while carrying out official functions? Why? Discuss.","10","150"],[8,"1. (b) What do you understand by \"integrity-based civil disobedience\"? Do you think a challenge to personal integrity can be a justifiable cause for responsible disobedience in civil services? Explain.","10","150"],[10,"2. (a) Recent research has shown that emotions significantly impact personal and professional lives. What are the primary emotions that negatively and positively impact workplace productivity? Explain with relevant examples.","10","150"],[12,"2 (b) Technical efficiency ensures resource utilization and social efficiency ensures fulfillment of social needs, what does ethical efficiency ensure? Do you think ethical efficiency is more important than technical and social efficiency? Why/Why not?","10","150"],[14,"3. (a) \"Man cannot do right in one department of life whilst he is occupied in doing wrong in any other department.\" Gandhi.\nDo you think an individual's personal ethics impacts professional life or they both can be compartmentalized? Explain your position with relevant examples.","10","150"],[16,"3. (b) Goodness is the result of internal imperatives to do what is right, not sanctions from moral rules or rewards from expected consequences. Do you agree? Discuss (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[18,"4. (a) Explain the meaning of the following quotations and discuss their contemporary relevance.\n\n\"To tolerate is purely an act of the mind. That is the essence of virtue. To tolerate is a strength.\"\n\n(Answer in 150 words) 10 Marks","10","150"],[20,"4. (b) \"It is our first duty to serve society, and after we have done that, we may attend wholly to the salvation of our souls.\"","10","150"],[22,"4. (c) \"Periods of peace are the empty pages in the history books\"","10","Answer in 150"],[24,"5 (a) In the context of civil service, distinguish between moral and nonmoral values. Identify 5 basic moral values that can serve as foundational values for all services irrespective of the department. Give reasons why those values can be considered foundational.","10","150"],[26,"5. (b) Citizens' involvement in decision-making is critical to ethics in governance. Do you agree that effective civic engagement mechanisms can facilitate an ethics-driven administration? What do you think are the mechanisms that citizens can use for ensuring ethics in governance?","10","150"],[28,"6. (a) Social transformation programs such as \"beti bachao and beti padhao\" believes in using advice, counseling, and persuasion but sometimes a little force is also necessary for getting the desired response. Do you think it is a good idea to mix little force with persuasion by public administrators while implementing social schemes of transformation? Explain with relevant examples.","10","150"],[30,"6. (b) Ultimately foreign policy of every country hinges upon the strength which the nation possesses. Strength may be military or financial and may be also...moral.\" Do you think ethical strength without military or financial muscle will be respected in today's world? Explain your position.","10","150"],[32,"7 You are a young officer working with the Municipal Corporation of an industrial city. The city was known for manufacturing ball bearings and auto parts. Most manufacturing units were small-scale units with very little production process automation. The units relied on manual labor, which was in abundance due to the villages close by.\nAs the number of manufacturing units grew, the demand for labor increased, bringing in a steady inflow of laborers into the city. This influx of people into the town led to a mushrooming of slums and encroachments on the sidewalks. Once in a while, the Corporation conducted drives to clear out the slums, but after a time, the slums came back. The illegal slums had become an urban nightmare.\nYou were given the responsibility of clearing out the encroachments and slums with the help of Police authorities. As you started the drive, you realized that the people living by the sidewalks were vulnerable compared to the slum dwellers. Many sidewalk dwellers had recently come to the city after selling their properties in their villages. Now if you drive them out, they have no place to go. Your heart went out to them, and you felt that your departmental action was inhumane, but your official responsibilities demanded stern impartial action. You are desperate to find a way to help the sidewalk dwellers without compromising your official duties.\n(a) What value conflicts do you notice in the above situation?\n(b) Can an administrator compromise the value of impartiality for empathy? Discuss.\n(c) What are the options available in the above situation?\n(d) Suggest viable solutions for tackling illegal slums and encroachments in urban areas.","20","Answer in 250"],[37,"8 A certain State government was running a welfare scheme for promoting safe motherhood among rural landless laborers' families. The scheme involves the transfer of funds to the beneficiaries to enable them to mitigate income loss due to maternal care responsibilities. Since its implementation, the scheme has done reasonably well on maternal health and economic indicators.\nYou are the Director of the Department responsible for implementing and operating the scheme. Recently you have been receiving reports of welfare fraud being committed by families by producing fake bona fide. The families committed the fraud with the help of local officials responsible for scrutinizing the bona fide.\nYou were concerned because the fraud was seriously undermining the scheme's efficiency. You called for a departmental meeting to discuss and find a solution to the problem. In the meeting, it was decided to merge several available government data sets such as Aadhar cards, voter ID cards, marriage certificates, birth certificates, bank details, and other personal assets. By merging all the data sets, the department would be able to develop the beneficiary's economic profile. And this will help the department scrutinize the documents and detect fraud. This was a comprehensive strategy, but it risked violating an individual's data privacy. As a Department head, you wanted to detect and prevent fraud, but at the same time, you were apprehensive about violating the Data privacy of the stakeholders.\n(a) What are the issues involved in the above case?\n(b) Do you think violating data privacy is justified to prevent welfare fraud? Why/ Why not?\n(c) What, according to you, can be the reasons for such welfare frauds happening in the country?\n(d) Are there any ways and means to prevent such fraud? Give your suggestions.","20","Answer in 250"],[42,"9 You are posted in the Department of Mines, and one of your roles is to help your Department Head negotiate mining leases with private contractors.\nRecently, the state government demarcated a new mining zone and planned to invite bids for the mining blocs. You were instructed to oversee the bidding process and speed up the contract negotiations. As planned, the tenders were released, bids came in, and tenders were allocated as per the norms. All this happened at a breakneck speed. You wondered, why the hurry? But it was not your place to think and question; you quietly went about your work.\nAs the contractors were about to start operations, you had to instruct them on environmental concerns to watch out for. And to do that, you read the environmental impact assessment report submitted by a consulting firm hired by the department. To your surprise, the report was shoddy and looked cooked up. You got suspicious and raised the issue with your Head, who politely instructed you to do what you were told, and he reminded you that the Department had revenue targets and was under pressure from the Ministry.\nAfter the meeting, you, on your own accord, did some digging and found out that the report was fraudulent and the mining activity that was about to start would lead to a massive environmental disaster which the State could not afford.\n(a) What are the issues and value violations you notice in the above case?\n(b) What are the options available to you?\n(c) Discuss the advantage and disadvantages of each option and identify your chosen course of action.\n(d) Do you think that environmental considerations are sometimes overrated at the cost of development?","20","Answer in 250"],[47,"10 (a) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\n(a) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\n(b) Do you think that corporate businesses like GAMA should think about international ethics while promoting their business interests? If yes, why? If no, why not?\n(c) Do you think that a corporate's social responsibility extends beyond its immediate community to the international community? If yes, why? If no, why not?\n(d) Do you think that defense sector companies involved in sensitive technology transfer should be regulated by the concerned governments or should regulation reduce their entrepreneurship and innovation energy? Discuss.","20","250"],[48,"(b), (c), (d) (b) Do you think corporate businesses such as GAMA must consider international ethics while pursuing business interests? Why/why not?\n(c) Do you think a corporate's social responsibility extends beyond one's immediate community to the international community? Why/Why not?\n(d) Do you think the Defence sector companies marketing sensitive technologies must be regulated by their respective governments, or regulation may curtail their entrepreneurial and innovation energy? Discuss.","20","Answer in 250"],[52,"11 (a) इस मामले में कौन-कौन से नैतिक और व्यावसायिक मुद्दे शामिल हैं?\n(b) श्री शर्मा और सीईओ के पास कौन-कौन से विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\n(c) क्या आपको लगता है कि बिक्री कार्यबल को स्वतंत्रता देने की संगठनात्मक संस्कृति के कारण समस्या उत्पन्न हुई या व्यक्ति की भ्रष्ट प्रवृत्ति के कारण समस्या उत्पन्न हुई? चर्चा कीजिए।\n(d) जैसा कि इस मामले में बताया गया है, ऐसे अनैतिक व्यवहार को रोकने के लिए कंपनी कौन-कौन से नैतिक तंत्र और उपाय निर्माण और कार्यान्वित कर सकती है? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)\na) इस मामले में कौन-कौन से नैतिक और व्यावसायिक मुद्दे शामिल हैं?\nb) श्री शर्मा और सीईओ के पास कौन-कौन से विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\nc) क्या आपको लगता है कि बिक्री कार्यबल को स्वतंत्रता देने की संगठनात्मक संस्कृति के कारण समस्या उत्पन्न हुई या व्यक्ति की भ्रष्ट प्रवृत्ति के कारण समस्या उत्पन्न हुई? चर्चा कीजिए।\nd) जैसा कि इस मामले में बताया गया है, ऐसे अनैतिक व्यवहार को रोकने के लिए कंपनी कौन-कौन से नैतिक तंत्र और उपाय निर्माण और कार्यान्वित कर सकती है? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","20 अंक","250 शब्दों में"],[53,"(a) What are the ethical and business issues involved in the case?\n(b) What are the options available to Mr. Sharma and the CEO?\n(c) Do you think the organizational culture of giving freedom to the sales force led to the issue or was the individual's corrupt nature that led to the problem? Discuss.\n(d) What ethics mechanisms and steps can the company create and implement to prevent unethical behavior, as mentioned in the case? (Answer in 250 words) 20 marks\na) What are the ethical and business issues involved in the case?\nb) What are the options available to Mr. Sharma and the CEO?\nc) Do you think the organizational culture of giving freedom to the sales force led to the issue or was the individual's corrupt nature that led to the problem? Discuss.\nd) What ethics mechanisms and steps can the company create and implement to prevent unethical behavior, as mentioned in the case? (Answer in 250 words) 20 marks","20","250"],[57,"12 (a) उपरोक्त मामले में कौन-कौन से मुद्दे शामिल हैं?\n(b) आपको क्या लगता है रश्मि को क्या करना चाहिए? क्या रश्मि के लिए स्थानीय प्रशासन को शामिल करना अच्छा विचार होगा? कार्यान्वयन योग्य कार्यवाही का सुझाव दीजिए।\n(c) क्या आपको लगता है कि कंपनियों को उस क्षेत्र की सामाजिक समस्याओं के लिए भी जिम्मेदारी स्वीकार करनी चाहिए जहाँ वे अपना कार्य करती हैं? अगर हाँ तो क्यों, अगर नहीं तो क्यों नहीं?\n(d) श्रमिक संघ की इतनी आक्रामक प्रतिक्रिया के क्या कारण हो सकते हैं? आपके अनुसार रश्मि को कर्मचारी संघ को कैसे संभालना चाहिए?\na) उपरोक्त मामले में कौन-कौन से मुद्दे शामिल हैं?\nb) आपको क्या लगता है रश्मि को क्या करना चाहिए? क्या रश्मि के लिए स्थानीय प्रशासन को शामिल करना अच्छा विचार होगा? कार्यान्वयन योग्य कार्यवाही का सुझाव दीजिए।\nc) क्या आपको लगता है कि कंपनियों को उस क्षेत्र की सामाजिक समस्याओं के लिए भी जिम्मेदारी स्वीकार करनी चाहिए जहाँ वे अपना कार्य करती हैं? अगर हाँ तो क्यों, अगर नहीं तो क्यों नहीं?\nd) श्रमिक संघ की इतनी आक्रामक प्रतिक्रिया के क्या कारण हो सकते हैं? आपके अनुसार रश्मि को कर्मचारी संघ को कैसे संभालना चाहिए?","20 अंक","250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए"],[58,"(a) What are the issues involved in the above case?\n(b) What do you think Rashmi should do? Would it be a good idea for Rashmi to involve local administration? Suggest an implementable course of action.\n(c) Do you think companies should also accept responsibility for the social problems of the region where they operate? Why/why not?\n(d) What could be the reasons for such an aggressive reaction from the workers union? How do you think Rashmi should handle the workers union? (Answer in 250 words) 20 marks\na) What are the issues involved in the above case?\nb) What do you think Rashmi should do? Would it be a good idea for Rashmi to involve local administration? Suggest an implementable course of action.\nc) Do you think companies should also accept responsibility for the social problems of the region where they operate? Why/why not?\nd) What could be the reasons for such an aggressive reaction from the workers union? How do you think Rashmi should handle the workers union?","20","250"]]},{"i":688,"t":"Rupal Jaiswal","c":"Forumias","p":"GS3","y":2025,"r":43,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/RUPAL-JAISWAL-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-43-Sample-MGP-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) Explain the significance of the recent changes made to the Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) with respect to labour market data estimation in the country.","10","150"],[4,"Q.8) Highlight the key provisions of the Disaster Management (Amendment) Act, 2025. How would the amendment help strengthen the disaster management framework in the country?","10","150"],[5,"Q.15 Launched on 25th June 2025, the Axiom-4 (Ax-04) mission has been much in the news since then. What are the key features of the mission? What significance does it hold for the Gaganyaan project and India’s long-term space ambitions?","15","250"],[50,"19 As per FATF Report on Terror financing (2023), terrorists have adopted megabyte money to finance their operations.\n Emerging tech and globalization role in terror financing","",""]]},{"i":689,"t":"Rupal Jaiswal","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":2025,"r":43,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/RUPAL-JAISWAL-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-43-Sample-MGP-Copy-2.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1 a) ‘Unconscious biases in parenting continue to shape gendered experiences in India.’ Do you agree with this view? Discuss.\nb) Distinguish between empathy and compassion. Why are they considered as foundational values in public services?","10","150"],[4,"Q.4) a) “With great power comes great responsibility.” In the present context, ‘Big Tech’ headquartered in developed countries wield disproportionate influence over digital infrastructure, personal data, and global narratives—often prioritising profit over ethical considerations. What ethical principles should guide such corporations in building a fair, inclusive, and just global digital framework?","10","150"],[5,"Q.6) a) Public spaces serve as arenas of democratic participation and civic expression. Yet in India, they remain deeply gendered, with many women largely confined to the private and domestic sphere. Examine the factors that restrict women’s access to public spaces. How can ethical governance help address the issue of gendered spatial control and promote inclusivity in public spaces?\nb) Write short notes on the following in 30 words each:\ni) Ethical fading\nii) Conflict of interest\niii) Persuasion\niv) Work culture\nv) Corporate governance","10","150"],[6,"Q.7) A State Government in the northeastern part of the country has launched a series of anti-encroachment drives across forest areas, wetlands, and revenue lands. Under the directions of the Chief Minister, the administration has intensified efforts to reclaim public land, particularly in areas reserved for ecological protection and critical infrastructure development. Most of the time, these actions have been backed by court orders and have resulted in the recovery of thousands of hectares of land. However, in certain regions, the implementation of such drives is fraught with social and political complexities. In several districts, settlements have existed for decades and are inhabited by marginalized communities with limited access to legal rights or formal rehabilitation measures. These areas are often politically sensitive and influenced by local leaders and pressure groups.\nSimanta is posted as Additional Deputy Commissioner (ADC) in one such district. Over the past year, the district administration has attempted to align eviction measures with welfare outreach, including the provision of temporary shelters, relocation assistance, and public consultations. Recently, a major operation was scheduled to clear encroachments from over 140 hectares of forest land within a Reserved Forest, primarily to curb rising instances of human-elephant conflict and to restore ecological balance. Anticipating eviction, some residents approached the High Court seeking a stay. However, the court refused to grant it and directed the administration to proceed with the eviction following due process. Notices were served, and a detailed roadmap was prepared to carry out the operation, which was expected to last 2–3 days due to the scale and remote location. On the first day, Simanta led a team comprising forest officials, municipal workers, and police personnel. Demolitions were conducted peacefully and without major resistance. However, on the second day, when the team returned to the site, a large group of agitated residents—primarily women and children—had gathered. They raised slogans and formed human chains to prevent further evictions. The atmosphere grew tense when some individuals began throwing stones, resulting in serious injury to a municipal worker. The crowd grew increasingly volatile and emotionally charged, demanding an immediate halt to the operation. The police contingent present on the ground was outnumbered by the crowd. Faced with this crisis, some team members pleaded with Simanta to call off the operation, fearing threats to their life and the possibility of a violent escalation. Simanta attempted to contact his superior officer (the Deputy Commissioner), but due to poor mobile connectivity in the forested area, communication could not be established. Meanwhile, several local journalists had arrived and begun reporting on the incident. Simanta is in a dilemma as to what to do.\na. Evaluate the options available with Simanta to cope with the situation.\nb. Which of the above options would be the most appropriate for Simanta and why?\nc. What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by Simanta?\nd. Examine the qualities of a public servant which will be required to manage such situations.","20","250"],[7,"a. स्थिति से निपटने के लिए सिमंता के पास उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन करें।\nb. सिमंता के लिए सबसे उपयुक्त होगा और क्यों?\nc. सिमंता को किन नैतिक दुविधाओं का सामना करना पड़ रहा है?\nd. ऐसी परिस्थितियों का प्रबंधन करने के लिए एक लोक सेवक के गुणों का परीक्षण करें।\na स्थिति से निपटने के लिए सिमंता के पास उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन करें।\nb सिमंता के लिए सबसे उपयुक्त होगा और क्यों?\nc सिमंता को किन नैतिक दुविधाओं का सामना करना पड़ रहा है?\nd ऐसी परिस्थितियों का प्रबंधन करने के लिए एक लोक सेवक के गुणों का परीक्षण करें।","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[8,"a. Suggest a course of action Megha can take to sensitize her village community without appearing disrespectful or confrontational.\nb. What ethical principles and methods should guide her actions while engaging with the community?\nc. How is menstruation related to human rights?\na Suggest a course of action Megha can take to sensitize her village community without appearing disrespectful or confrontational.\nb What ethical principles and methods should guide her actions while engaging with the community?\nc How is menstruation related to human rights?","20","250"],[9,"a. Can you think of a rational way to resolve this dilemma?\nb. Give your reasons for it.\nc. What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\na Can you think of a rational way to resolve this dilemma?\nb Give your reasons for it.\nc What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?","20","250"],[10,"a. Discuss the ethical issues involved in the case.\nb. Examine the behavior of DPDO from an ethical point of view.\nc. How would you react to the situation?\na Discuss the ethical issues involved in the case.\nb Examine the behavior of DPDO from an ethical point of view.\nc How would you react to the situation?","20","250"],[11,"a. Bring out the ethical issues involved in this case.\nb. What are the options available to Nithin?\nc. Critically examine each of the options identified by Nithin.\nd. Which of the options, do you think, would be more appropriate for Nithin to adopt and why?\na Bring out the ethical issues involved in this case.\nb What are the options available to Nithin?\nc Critically examine each of the options identified by Nithin.\nd Which of the options, do you think, would be more appropriate for Nithin to adopt and why?","20","250"],[12,"Q.12 You are appointed as an officer heading the Air Quality Compliance Division of the Environment Pollution Control Board in Delhi-NCR. The region is witnessing alarming levels of air pollution, which typically worsen during the winter months due to various meteorological and anthropogenic factors. The situation has led to severe public health concerns, particularly affecting vulnerable groups such as the elderly, children, and those with respiratory illnesses. The Supreme Court has also raised serious concern over the deteriorating air quality in Delhi-NCR and has directed the administration to take immediate and effective measures to control pollution, especially during the winter months. Your jurisdiction has a large number of small and medium-scale industries that were granted environmental clearance over the years. These industries form the backbone of the local economy and provide employment to a significant number of migrant workers. However, recent inspections and air quality monitoring reports indicate that a significant number of these units are operating in violation of prescribed air emission norms. As part of targeted measures to curb air pollution, you issued notices to all identified polluting units, directing them to apply for fresh environmental clearance certificates from the competent authority. However, your decision triggered strong opposition from a section of industrial units, labour unions, and local politicians. Industrial owners argued that such action would lead to production shutdowns, financial losses, and shortages of their products in the market. Labour unions and workers also protested, fearing mass unemployment and livelihood insecurity. Local politicians and vested interests accused you of jeopardising the socio-economic stability of the region. You received representations from various quarters urging you to withdraw the notices and not initiate harsh measures, citing the interests of multiple stakeholders. Additionally, you began receiving anonymous threats, aimed at coercing you into reversing your decision. On the other hand, several of your colleagues supported your stance, encouraging you to act in the larger public interest. Several local NGOs and environmental groups rallied behind your actions, demanding the immediate closure of polluting units.\na. Under the given conditions, what are the options available to you?\nb. Critically evaluate each of the options listed by you.\nc. What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by you?","20","250"],[21,"How EI helps in ethical decisions?","",""],[38,"6 (a) \"Women are not mere darlings of home; they are the force of soul itself\" - Rabindranath Tagore\n(a) Factors restricting women's access to public space","",""]]},{"i":690,"t":"Rupal Jaiswal","c":"Insights","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/17930-1378810_2487_rupal_jaiswal_rank_43.pdf","q":[[3,"LCb) Reasons for corruption persistence:\n1) Bureaucratic apathy - in enforcement of laws & lokpal refusing complaints not filed in format\n2) Sanskritization of corruption (Kaushik Basu)\n3) Poor whistleblower protection mechanism\n4) 2014 Act not implemented in spirit\n5) Secrecy culture, collusive corruption etc.","",""],[11,"BC b) Is Business ethics oxymoron ?","",""],[34,"(a) Ethical issues in the case?\n1 Eco-centrism v/s anthropocentrism - mining tin at the cost of landslides damaging pristine environment","",""]]},{"i":691,"t":"Saalumarada Thimmakka","c":"Nextias","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/844233c60d0563afaf56a5f899c17647/4/pttp220996_tc063.pdf","q":[[1,"Q.1 Little strokes fell great oaks.\nQ.2 Judge a man by his questions rather than his answers.\nQ.3 Great principles, great ideals know no nationality.\nQ.4 In struggling with misfortune lies the true proof of virtue.","",""],[2,"Q4. In struggling with misfortune lies the true proof of virtue","",""]]},{"i":692,"t":"Sachin B G","c":"Nextias","p":"GS1","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/4/mts-cse-test-12-sachin-1745489843457.pdf","q":[[6,"1. FDI, apart from being a driver of economic growth, can also be seen as a non-debt-creating financial resource. In this context, what is the relevance of FDI in the economic growth of India? What are the issues associated with FDI as a source of growth?","10","150"],[8,"2. \"India is no country for working women\". In this context, discuss the reasons for the low female participation rate in the labour force while suggesting measures to improve the participation of women in the labour force.","10","150"],[10,"3. The overfocus on the GDP growth rate subsides the issues of growing inequality and environmental unsustainability. In this context, highlighting the limitations of GDP suggests alternatives to GDP as a welfare of growth rate.","10","150"],[12,"4. How has the budgetary process changed since the last decade? Suggest budgetary reforms that can help in better management of government expenditure.","10","150"],[14,"5. Inequality has become a major challenge to inclusive growth in India. In this context, elaborate on the reasons for rising economic inequality in India. Also suggests measures required to reduce economic inequality in India.","10","150"],[16,"6. Do you agree that India's growth trajectory in the post-COVID-19 era has been K-shaped? Substantiate your answer with reasons.","15","Answer in 250"],[19,"7. Rising NPAs coupled with twin balance sheet issues have been the most pressing problem of India's economy in recent times. What are the factors responsible for rising NPAs? Elaborate on the measures that can be undertaken to address this problem giving special reference to the potential of newly formed NARCL and IDRCL.","15","Answer in 250"],[22,"8. India is often criticized for its regulatory cholesterol, which hinders economic growth and innovation. Discuss the concept of regulatory cholesterol and its impact on the Indian economy. Suggest pragmatic measures to streamline the regulatory environment and promote ease of doing business in India.","15","Answer in 250"],[25,"9. Public expenditure management is a challenge to the Government of India in the context of budget-making during the post-liberalization period. Clarify it.","15","250"],[28,"10. Economic growth in the recent past has been led by an increase in labour activity.\" Explain this statement. Suggest the growth pattern that will lead to the creation of more jobs without compromising labour productivity.","15","Answer in 250"]]},{"i":693,"t":"Sachin B G","c":"Nextias","p":"GS1","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/4/mts-cse-test-17-sachin-1745489890523.pdf","q":[[6,"1.(a) \"The State took taxes from the people only to ensure their prosperity in return like the sun takes moisture from the earth only to give it back in thousand fold measure.\" - Kalidasa\nExplain the Indian concept of 'giving it back' and its relevance as a guiding value for civil servants","10","150"],[8,"1.(b) Public service takes place in a bureaucratic structure with clear lines of authority, value standardisation, and accountability mechanisms. Working within such a structure, what do you think are the influences that impact the public servant's ethical decision-making?","10","150"],[10,"2.(a) As professionals, civil servants are career-focused and are also self-interested. At the same time, their service ethos imposes an obligation to serve the public interest selflessly. Is it possible for a civil servant to reconcile career and service obligation? Explain your position.","10","150"],[12,"2.(b) Public service requires legal and morally principled action. Public service requires the public servant to place loyalty to the constitution, laws, and ethical principles. Among the three, which must acquire primacy while carrying out official functions? Why? Discuss.","10","150"],[14,"3.(a) Explain the meaning of the following quotations and discuss their contemporary relevance.\nThe senses deceive from time to time, and it is prudent never to trust wholly those who have deceived us even once.","10","150"],[16,"3.(b) \"The price good men pay for indifference to public affairs is to be ruled by evil men.\"","10","150"],[18,"4. A certain State government was running a welfare scheme for promoting safe motherhood among rural landless labourers' families. The scheme involves the transfer of funds to the beneficiaries to enable them to mitigate income loss due to maternal care responsibilities. Since its implementation, the scheme has done reasonably well on maternal health and economic indicators.\n\nYou are the Director of the Department responsible for implementing and operating the scheme. Recently you have been receiving reports of welfare fraud being committed by families by producing fake bona fide. The families committed the fraud with the help of local officials responsible for scrutinizing the bonafide.\n\nYou were concerned because the fraud was seriously undermining the scheme's efficiency. You called for a departmental meeting to discuss and find a solution to the problem. In the meeting, it was decided to merge several available government data sets such as Aadhar cards, voter ID cards, marriage certificates, birth certificates, bank details, and other personal assets. By merging all the data sets, the department would be able to develop the beneficiary's economic profile. This will help the department scrutinize the documents and detect fraud. This was a comprehensive strategy, but it risked violating an individual's data privacy. As a Department head, you wanted to detect and prevent fraud, but at the same time, you were apprehensive about violating the Data privacy of the stakeholders.\n(a) What are the issues involved in the above case?\n(b) Do you think violating data privacy is justified to prevent welfare fraud? Why / Why not?\n(c) What, according to you, can be the reasons for such welfare frauds happening in the country?\n(d) Are there any ways and means to prevent such fraud? Give your suggestions.","20","Answer in 250"],[22,"dy Ways & means to prevent such frauds\n1) Development of positive work culture in government institutions that focuses on dedication to public service over self enhancement\n2) Social awareness about the frauds & implementation of 'targeted beneficiary' approach in welfare scheme implementation\n3) Participatory governance via implementation of good governance principles of world bank\n4) Socio economic development and human resource development at grass root levels\n5) Capability approach of development followed in order to provide beneficiary an opportunity to earn their own livelihood","",""],[23,"5 You are posted in the Department of Mines and one of your roles is to help your Department Head negotiate mining leases with private contractors. Recently, the state government demarcated a new mining zone and planned to invite bids for the mining blocs. You were instructed to oversee the bidding process and speed up the contract negotiations. As planned, the tenders were released, bids came in, and tenders were allocated as per the norms. All this happened at a breakneck speed. You wondered, why the hurry? But it was not your place to think and question; you quietly went about your work. As the contractors were about to start operations, you had to instruct them on environmental concerns to watch out for. And to do that, you read the environmental impact assessment report submitted by a consulting firm hired by the department. To your surprise, the report was shoddy and looked cooked up. You got suspicious and raised the issue with your Head, who politely instructed you to do what you were told, and he reminded you that the Department had revenue targets and was under pressure from the Ministry. After the meeting, you, on your own accord, did some digging and found out that the report was fraudulent and the mining activity that was about to start would lead to a massive environmental disaster which the State could not afford.\n(a) What are the issues and value violations you notice in the above case?\n(b) What are the options available to you?\n(c) Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each option and identify your chosen course of action.\n(d) Do you think that environmental considerations are sometimes overrated at the cost of development?","25","250"],[29,"6 (a) What are the ethical and business issues involved in the case?\n(b) What are the options available to Mr Sharma and the CEO?\n(c) Do you think the organizational culture of giving freedom to the sales force led to the issue or was the individual's corrupt nature that led to the problem? Discuss.\n(d) What ethics mechanisms and steps can the company create and implement to prevent unethical behaviour, as mentioned in the case?\na) What are the ethical and business issues involved in the case?\nb) What are the options available to Mr Sharma and the CEO?\nc) Do you think the organizational culture of giving freedom to the sales force led to the issue or was the individual's corrupt nature that led to the problem? Discuss.\nd) What ethics mechanisms and steps can the company create and implement to prevent unethical behaviour, as mentioned in the case?","20","250"]]},{"i":694,"t":"Sachin B G","c":"Nextias","p":"GS1","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/4/mts-cse-test-24-sachin-1745489938527.pdf","q":[[6,"1. \"The recent radical trends in Punjab show that the Khalistan issue is still simmering.\" Discuss the statement with respect to recent developments and suggest measures to handle it.","10","150"],[8,"2. The anonymity and ease of drone operation contribute to the challenges of India's border security. Elaborate and give suggestions to tackle the drone problem in border areas.","10","150"],[10,"3. \"The resource curse of Eastern and Central India has been a crucial driver of LWE\". Elaborate and suggest measures for sustainable and inclusive development of the region.","10","150"],[12,"4. In light of the declining trend of violence in the North East and J&K region do you think that AFSPA has lived its utility? Comment.","10","150"],[14,"5. Discuss the types of organised crimes. Describe the linkages between terrorists and organised crime that exist at the national and transnational levels.","10","150"],[16,"6. The recent rise in ransomware attacks targeting critical infrastructure and major corporations has highlighted the urgent need for stronger cybersecurity measures and policies. Discussing the key factors contributing to this trend, analyze the impact of these attacks on various sectors.","15","250"],[19,"7 In the context of border security, how can cooperation and coordination between different security agencies be improved to ensure effective and efficient management of coastal and terrestrial borders?","15","250"],[22,"8. The transformation of terrorism through the use of new and emerging technologies like metaverse and virtual assets is a matter of concern. How can we counter the Use of New and Emerging Technologies for Terrorist Purposes and Elucidate the importance of the \"Delhi declaration\" in this regard?","15","250"],[25,"9. \"The Agnipath scheme is a bitter pill needed for the resilience and efficacy of our armed forces.\" Critically Analyze the statement with relevant arguments.","15","250"],[28,"10. Naxalism is a social, economic and developmental issue manifesting as a violent internal security threat. In this context, discuss the emerging issues gest a multilayered strategy to tackle the menace of Naxalism.","15","250"]]},{"i":697,"t":"Sachin Bg","c":"Nextias","p":"GS1","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/4/mts-cse-test-14-sachin-1745489861164.pdf","q":[[6,"1. Constraints in the Agriculture sector in India have been a major hurdle in achieving sustained growth and development. Discuss the various challenges faced by the agriculture sector in India and suggest policy measures to address these challenges.","10","150"],[8,"2. Evaluate the impact of irrigation on the environment and natural resources, and suggest measures to ensure the sustainability and equity of irrigation practices in agriculture.","10","150"],[10,"3. What is the Silvopasture Agroforestry System? How can it be effectively utilized to improve local climate resilience in India?","10","150"],[12,"4. In the light of recent Government push for GM crops like DMH-11, critically analyze the advantages and concerns related to GM crops in India in ensuring food and nutritional security in India.","10","150"],[14,"5. What are the steps taken by the Government to promote the applications of Technology in Agriculture?","10","150"],[16,"6. Discuss the different types of irrigation and irrigation systems used in agriculture, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages.","15","250"],[19,"7. AI and Machine learning have revolutionised a number of industries, how can these technologies be deployed to improve Agricultural production and Productivity?","15","Answer in 250"],[22,"8. Analyze the impact of liberalization and globalization on Indian agriculture and the challenges faced by farmers in the globalized economy.","15","250"],[25,"9. What are the major factors responsible for making the rice-wheat system a success? In spite of this success, how has this system become a bane in India?","15","Answer in 250"],[28,"10. Assess the role of the National Horticulture Mission (NHM) in boosting the production, productivity and income of horticulture farms. How far has it succeeded in increasing the income of farmers?","15","250"]]},{"i":698,"t":"Sachin Bg","c":"Nextias","p":"GS1","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/4/mts-cse-test-18-sachin-1745489912102.pdf","q":[[6,"1. (a) Most civil servants are neither pure deontologists nor pure utilitarians, but they operate according to a kind of ethical pluralism. Do you agree? Discuss your position with suitable examples.","10","Answer in 150"],[8,"1. (b) The motivation to seek a career in public service and perform public service can be due to attraction to public service, commitment to public values, self-sacrifice and compassion. Among the four, what is the primary public service motivator for you? Explain your motivating factor.","10","150"],[10,"2. (a) One of the critical areas of governance is developing policies for managing public health emergencies such as COVID. While tackling such health emergencies, the government may take measures that involve the abdication of liberty on the part of the citizens. According to you, what ethical principles should guide the government's public health policymaking?","10","Answer in 150"],[12,"2. (b) Identify any four components of emotional intelligence relevant to public services. Explain their role in administrative decision-making.","10","Answer in 150"],[14,"3. (a) Values lie at the core of the diverse world of human behaviour and are expressed in every human decision and action. In keeping with the above statement, explain with the help of illustrations how values impact an individual's behaviour.","10","150"],[16,"3. (b) Explain the difference between codes of ethics, codes of conduct and codes of rules and regulations. Do you think an increase in the number of codes and regulations is an efficient response to the decline of public trust and integrity issues? Why/why not?","10","Answer in 150"],[18,"4. Explain the meaning of the following quotations and discuss their contemporary relevance.\n(a) The root of happiness is Dharma (righteousness), the root of Dharma is Artha (economy), the root of Artha is right governance.","10","Answer in 150"],[20,"4. (b) \"The most important human endeavour is the striving for morality in our actions. Our inner balance and even our existence depend on it. Only morality in our actions can give beauty and dignity to life.\"","10","Answer in 150"],[22,"4. (c) \"Humility is the most difficult of all virtues to achieve; nothing dies harder than the desire to think well of oneself.\"","10","Answer in 150"],[24,"5. (a) Prioritising ethical concerns within public administration and policy has monetary costs in terms of training and other expenses. Do you think the financial cost of actively pursuing ethical standards by the government is justified? Discuss.","10","Answer in 150"],[26,"5. (b) Distinguish between administrative, legal and professional accountability. Despite multiple institutional accountability mechanisms, the government has failed to make a dent in systemic corruption. What do you think are the reasons for the poor performance of accountability mechanisms?","10","Answer in 150"],[28,"6. (a) Economists view transparency as a condition for open markets, and political scientists view it as a condition for public participation. What does transparency imply in public administration ethics? Is it only a flow of information or more than that? Explain.","10","150"],[30,"6. (b) Persuasion performs a number of positive, prosocial functions. However, people often equate persuasion with manipulation and consider it unethical. What are the ethical values a persuader must respect to ensure the ethicality of the act of persuasion? Explain.","10","Answer in 150"],[32,"7. You are the VP (Operations) of a company that manufactures and supplies space probes and satellite equipment to Government space agencies. The company has been in the business for over four decades and has built considerable expertise in producing and delivering high-quality products. The business was good.\nAs VP of Operations, it was your responsibility to ensure the completion of projects and deliverables on time. A critical deliverable was running behind schedule due to the non-availability of a specific raw material. The material in question was an environmentally hazardous chemical that the Environmental Ministry banned. But considering the importance of the chemical compound for the space industry, the Environment Ministry was planning to allow controlled use in about three weeks. You and the company management didn't have three weeks waiting time.\nFurther, there was severe pressure from the Department of Space to complete the deliverable on time as a lot was riding politically on the project. After internal discussions, you met the Space Department officials to explain the predicament and request a deadline extension. When the meeting happened, you were shocked by the attitude of the Department officials. They refused to accept any delay and suggested circumventing the environmental ministry's prohibition and procuring and using the chemical. They justified it by saying the ministry would allow controlled use in a few weeks. So, why wait? Besides, they noted that the environment ministry doesn't understand space priorities and their intricacies. They pointed out that everything is justified in the name of national interest.\n1. What are the issues involved in the above case?\n2. What are the options available to you?\n3. Discuss the merits and demerits of each option and select your chosen course of action.\n4. What do you understand by National Interest? Do you think it is ethically justified for a nation to prioritise security and economics over and above social justice and social development priorities?","20","Answer in 250"],[37,"8. 1. What are the issues involved in the case?\n2. What are the options available to you?\n3. Select your course of action after analysing all the options\n4. Do you think breaching client confidentiality and trust can be justified in the above case?","20","Answer in 250"],[42,"9. 1. What are the issues and ethical dilemmas involved in the above case?\n2. How would you proceed with the case if you were the officer in charge?\n3. Explore relevant options and advise what course of action Rashmi should take.\n4. How would you see the widow as a victim of her husband's crime or an accused? Justify.\n1. What are the issues and ethical dilemmas involved in the above case?\n2. How would you proceed with the case if you were the officer in charge?\n3. Explore relevant options and advise what course of action Rashmi should take.\n4. How would you see the widow as a victim of her husband's crime or an accused? Justify.","20","250"],[44,"3) Options available for Rashmi\nOption 1 Explain the case to the police from expert counsellor perspective & make understand the hidden causes for crime of drug addiction\nOption 2 Directly appeal at the court & try to seek justice for the death of victim's husband","",""],[47,"10. You are working as an Assistant Librarian in a State University for ten years. In the last ten years, you had witnessed the growth of the university in all academic and research areas. As the university expanded, it commissioned new departments and research labs, launched new courses and hired new staff. With new academic courses coming in, the library also grew in terms of books, periodicals and online research facilities. The library needed a new team, and it brought in contractual staff. One such contractual library counter staff was Pallavi who was with the library for four years. She was a diligent staff, meticulous in record-keeping and courteous in public dealings. But somehow the Librarian Mr Thakur had taken a personal dislike to her. He never lost an occasion to insult Pallavi even in the presence of students publicly. Pallavi never complained about this harassment as being a widowed single mother she needed the job, and she didn't want to give any reason to Mr Thakur to dismiss her. One day things went a little out of line with Mr Thakur verbally abusing Pallavi in front of the entire staff. You couldn't bear it, and you wanted to intervene, but you didn't. But the next day when you reached the library with your guilty and troubled conscience, you talk to Pallavi and decide to help her.\n1. What are the issues involved in the above case?\n2. What are the options Pallavi has? How should she navigate the issues with Mr Thakur?\n3. What do you think is the problem with Mr Thakur, is it a lack of emotional intelligence or something else?\n4. How do you think you will be able to help Pallavi?","20","Answer in 250"],[52,"1. What do you think are the issues involved in the above case?\n2. What options are available to the MP in the above case?\n3. Evaluate the options and suggest a course of action to the MP.\n4. Distinguish between political and bureaucratic corruption. Can bureaucracy play a role in checking political corruption?","20","Answer in 250"],[57,"12 1. What are the issues involved in the above case?\n2. What options do you have in the above dilemma?\n3. After evaluating the options, identify which option you would choose.\n4. Do you think whistle-blowing would have been a good option five years back?","20","Answer in 250"]]},{"i":696,"t":"Sachin Bg","c":"Nextias","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/4/gs-mac-test-1-sachin-1745489695883.pdf","q":[[4,"Q1 Examine the role of numismatic evidence in understanding the political and economic history of ancient India. Provide specific examples.","10",""],[6,"Q2 Assess the impact of women's organizations in mobilizing women across diverse socio-economic and regional backgrounds in pre-independence India.","10",""],[8,"Q3 How did the policy of non-alignment reflect the aspirations of India and other newly independent nations to maintain their sovereignty and resist colonial pressures?","10",""],[10,"Q4 Discuss the processes involved in volcanism. Highlight the major volcanic regions in the world and their associated tectonic settings.","10",""],[12,"Q5 Explain the geological features and ecological importance of the Eastern Ghats.","10",""],[14,"Q6 Earlier known as coarse cereals the government rebranded millets in 2018 as nutri-cereals. In this context discuss the ecological and nutritional significance of millets","10",""],[16,"Q7. What are the potential consequences of Arctic ice melt on biodiversity and ecosystems? How might these changes impact global ecological balance","10",""],[18,"Q8 Do you think the Uniform Civil Code contradicts the idea of religious pluralism and cultural differences in Indian society?","10",""],[20,"Q9 Discuss the concept of healthy active ageing in the context of demographic shifts in India. How does it contribute to social inclusion?","10",""],[22,"Q10 How is the transition from 'conscious consumption' to 'compulsive consumption' impacting family structure and dynamics in urban areas?","10",""],[24,"Q11. Discuss with examples the key features of Vijayanagara architecture. How did Indo-Islamic elements manifest in their structures?","15",""],[27,"Q12 Compare and contrast the features of ancient Indian universities like Nalanda and Takshashila with modern state-funded universities in India. What lessons can modern universities learn from ancient ones to improve their effectiveness?","15",""],[30,"Q13 Analyze the ideological differences and similarities between the revolutionary movement (1920-1930s) and the Gandhian non-violent struggle. How did these two ideologies influence each other?","15",""],[33,"Q14 What are the various types of glacial landforms formed in the Indian Himalayas. How do these features impact local ecosystems and human activities?","15",""],[36,"Q15 Discuss the unique geographical features of the Indian Ocean and their impact on global oceanic circulation patterns. How do these features influence the climate of the Indian subcontinent?","15",""],[39,"Q16 Urban heat islands (UHIs) have become a significant phenomenon in Indian cities, exacerbating the frequency and intensity of heat waves. Analyze the underlying factors contributing to this phenomenon and critically assess the existing mitigation strategies.","15",""],[42,"Q17 Evaluate the primary factors contributing to regional disparities in the sugar industry between North India and Peninsular India. What measures can be undertaken to reduce the surplus sugar production?","15",""],[45,"Q18 'Social mobility is essential for achieving true equality within society'. In this context highlight the barriers to intergenerational mobility in Indian society, and examine the role of education on social mobility.","15",""],[48,"Q19. Analyze the influence of globalization on migration patterns in India. What are the economic and social implications of increased internal and international migration?","15",""],[51,"Q20 Discuss how gender-based violence in India is a manifestation of patriarchal values. To what extent has modernisation in law served as an instrument of women's empowerment in this regard?","15",""]]},{"i":699,"t":"Sachin Bg","c":"Nextias","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/4/mts-flt-test-2-sachin-1745489757138.pdf","q":[[4,"Q1. The rule of law and judicial review are interdependent as one cannot truly exist without the other. In this context can judicial review be considered the most important aspect among those that constitute the basic structure of the Constitution?","10","50"],[6,"Q2 How does the power and authority of Delhi's lieutenant governor compare to that of the governors of other states, particularly in terms of acting on the aid and advice of the council of ministers?","10","150"],[8,"Q3. Discuss the role of the judiciary in navigating the tension between the right to religion and constitutional morality in India in recent times. Refer to relevant case laws.","10","150"],[10,"Q4. The principle of 'Separation of Powers' is a key feature of the American Constitution. In this context, compare how the Indian Constitution's functional separation of powers distinguishes itself from the US system. What are the advantages of a check and balance system over a rigid Separation of Powers?","10","150"],[12,"Q5 The Sixth Schedule of the Indian Constitution is more than a legal provision that empowers tribal regions with self-rule. How does the sixth schedule foster development while respecting their traditional governance systems and cultural practices?","10","150"],[14,"Q6 How do partnerships between Civil Society Organizations and Government Entities contribute to India's development goals?","10","150"],[16,"Q7 Discuss the importance of cultivating a culture of life-long learning among Indian civil servants. How has Mission Karmyogi contributed to this objective? Illustrate with examples.","10","150"],[18,"Q8 Given India's strides in reducing extreme poverty, should the country consider redefining its poverty line to better reflect the current socio-economic realities? Discuss the potential benefits and challenges associated with redefinition of the poverty line.","10","150"],[20,"Q9 Evaluate the impact of the deepening political divisions with the major Western States on global governance and international cooperation. How should India navigate these divisions to advance its national interests on the global stage?","10","150"],[22,"Q10 How does India's Arctic Policy align with its broader foreign policy objectives? Broadly discuss the collaborations and agreements India is involved in with the Arctic Council.","10","150"],[24,"Q1. In what ways are the terms of reference of the 16th Finance Commission different from that of the previous Finance Commissions? Despite increasingly progressive devolution by subsequent Finance Commissions, examine the factors that propel economic disparities across various States.","15","250"],[27,"Q12 Compare and contrast the powers and working of the Ethics Committee and the Privileges Committee in addressing cases of 'unethical' conduct and breach of privileges. How do these Committees complement each other in maintaining parliamentary discipline?","15","250"],[30,"Q13 In the context of persistent legislative dysfunction in India, analyze the evolving role of judicial activism in shaping public policy and governance. Using examples from landmark court cases, evaluate the effectiveness of judicial interventions in addressing governance gaps and safeguarding citizens' rights.","15","250"],[33,"Q14 To what extent does the level of internal democracy within political parties impact the functioning and legitimacy of the Indian party system? What reforms can address the challenges of inadequate intraparty democracy in India?","15","250"],[36,"Q15 \"The NHRC must not only be a watchdog but also a beacon of hope for the marginalized and oppressed.\" In this context discuss the role and mandate of the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) in India. How does the current composition and functioning of the NHRC affect its independence and effectiveness?","15","250"],[39,"Q16 The persistent health equity challenges in India pose a critical barrier in achieving Universal Health Coverage. In this context discuss the role of the public and private sectors in ensuring adequate health access and outcomes across rural and urban areas.","15","250"],[42,"Q17 Achievement of Sustainable Development Goals requires consideration of regional context and local situations. In light of this statement examine the role of Panchayats as catalysts for grassroot development and advancing sustainable development.","15","250"],[45,"Q18 What are the implications of the POCSO Act on the rights and welfare of children in India? Analyze the role of the POCSO Act in transforming India's legal framework for child protection.","15","250"],[48,"Q19 Examine the influence of human rights issues and democratic values on the diplomatic relationship between the U.S. and India. How have these concerns affected bilateral engagements and what can be done to mitigate tensions arising from these issues?","15","250"],[51,"Q20 Examine the geopolitical challenges India faces in South Asia despite its global rise. How can India navigate these challenges to strengthen its regional leadership?","15","250"]]},{"i":695,"t":"Sachin Bg","c":"Forumias","p":"GS3","y":2024,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/SACHIN-BASAVARAJ-GUTTUR-UPSC-2024-Rank-41-MGP-Sample-Copy-2.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) Achieving inclusive growth requires a multidimensional approach that goes beyond economic growth. Discuss in context of India.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Examine the implications of the expansion of gig workforce on economic growth and employment scenario in the country.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) What is precision agriculture? How can precision agriculture help in optimizing crop production and resource management?","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) While MSMEs are the backbone of the Indian economy, they encounter various hurdles in their operation and expansion. Discuss. Also, suggest steps to support the growth of the MSME sector.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) Explain the significance of Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) in transforming India into a knowledge-based and innovation-driven economy. Also, mention various government initiatives aimed at strengthening the protection and enforcement of IPRs in India.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) Gaganyaan mission is a landmark endeavour for India, marking significant advancements in space exploration and contributing to broader national objectives; however, overcoming the associated technical and safety challenges is crucial for its success. Analyse.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) What are the challenges in the safe management of e-waste in India? How can collaboration among multiple stakeholders help in sustainable e-waste management?","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) Define Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and mention its various stages. Also, highlight the significance of EIA in balancing developmental needs with environmental conservation in the country.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9) Integrated Theatre Commands shall bring jointness in operation, synergy of resources and enable armed forces in carrying out swift, effective, and decisive actions. Do you agree with this view? Justify your answer.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10) India's internal security dynamics is inextricably linked with the peace and stability in the neighborhood. Explain with special reference to instability on the eastern border.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11 The introduction of Goods and Services Tax (GST) was hailed as a transformative fiscal reform; however, the journey of GST has been a mixed bag of successes and challenges. Analyse.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12) Discuss the potential of food processing sector in addressing the issues of low value addition, high post-harvest losses and disguised unemployment plaguing Indian agriculture. Also, explain why the sector has underperformed despite its significant potential.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 Despite the government's ambitious targets, rooftop solar installations in India are hindered by multiple factors. Elaborate. How far do you think that PM Surya Ghar Yojana can incentivise the adoption of rooftop solar installations?","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 Agricultural marketing reforms are imperative for addressing market inefficiencies and boosting farm incomes. Analyse.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 Discuss the contribution of livestock sector to the rural economy and the empowerment of women. Also, highlight main challenges faced by the livestock sector in the country and suggest strategies to overcome these challenges.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16) Generative AI holds immense potential to transform various aspects of daily life, offering both benefits and challenges. Elaborate. What policy measures do you suggest to maximize its benefits and mitigate its risks?","15","250"],[41,"Q.17) Describe the major outcomes of the 28th session of the Conference of Parties (COP) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). What were the major engagements of India in this conference?","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 Explain the causes and impacts of landslides. Also, discuss the various measures to mitigate their impact, with a special emphasis on National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) guidelines.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 Left-Wing Extremism (LWE) is showing a downward trend, but still affects many parts of the country. Highlighting the reasons for the continuance of LWE in certain pockets, suggest strategies to deal with this menace.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 Analyse how the adoption of emerging and disruptive technologies for money laundering is adding new layers of complexity to an already intricate issue. Also, highlight the measures taken to tackle the problem of money laundering both at national and international levels.","15","250"]]},{"i":700,"t":"Saichaitanya Jadhav","c":"Forumias","p":"GS1","y":2024,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/SAICHAITANYA-JADHAV-UPSC-2024-Rank-68-MGP-Sample-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) How does the study of numismatics contribute to the unraveling of India's history? Explain with suitable examples.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Analyse the significance of the Civil Disobedience Movement in India's freedom struggle, considering its extent, reach, and revolutionary zeal.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3 How did the British education policy in colonial India fuel the rise of Indian nationalism instead of achieving its intended purpose of perpetuating Indian subjugation?","10","150"],[9,"Q.4 The Arab-Israeli conflict should be understood as a product of both internal dynamics and the outcome of manipulative strategies employed by imperial powers. Comment.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5 The eastern coast and the western coast of India differ considerably in their geographical characteristics. Explain.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6 Enumerate the factors behind the proliferation of the IT industry in India. Also, Explain the reasons behind the skewed concentration of the IT industry within the country.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7 The Aspirational Blocks Programme, built upon the success of the Aspirational Districts Programme, can help in achieving the twin objectives of enabling balanced growth and checking stressed migration. Comment.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8 Even after seven decades of independence, the colonial mindset continues to cast its shadow on Indian society. Examine.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9 Digital technologies can play a significant role in bridging the gender gap in India; however, it is mired in its own set of challenges. Discuss.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10) How will you explain that the values of tolerance and inclusiveness which were deeply embedded in ancient Indian society continue to persist and flourish in the present times?","10","150"],[23,"Q.11 Dravidian temple architecture can be seen as a continuum that, though strengthened during the period of the Pallavas, reached its pinnacle during the reign of the Cholas. Discuss","15","250"],[26,"Q.12 Examine the causes that led to tribal unrest during British rule in India. Analyse the reasons for their limited success.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13) While the Emergency of 1975 was touted as seminal for national security and unity by some, the critics paint it as the darkest phase of Post Independent India. Discuss. What insights and lessons did emergency provide for the country?","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 Mangroves play a significant role in coastal ecology and economy. Examine. Also, elaborate the reasons behind the accelerated destruction of the mangrove habitat.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 Write an explanatory note on the global distribution of earthquakes with the help of the map given below. Also, throw light on the various consequences associated with earthquakes.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16) Although poor air quality is a perennial problem, it gets intensified during the winter months in Delhi-NCR. Explain. Evaluate the efficacy of existing measures to control air pollution.","15","250"],[39,"Why it intensifies in winter month","",""],[41,"Q.17 Enumerate the major reasons that make the Indian economy heavily reliant on coal. Explain why phasing out coal from our energy basket is difficult.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18) In what ways are the institutions of marriage and family undergoing changes in contemporary times? Elucidate the role of the state and the market in facilitating these changes.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 How do unplanned urbanization and unabated rural-urban migration contribute to the multiple woes faced by Indian metropolises?","15","250"],[50,"Q.20) The forces of globalization have an indelible influence on the traditional cultural values of Indian society. Elaborate. Also, discuss the impact of globalization on diversity and disparity in the country.","15","250"]]},{"i":703,"t":"Sakshee Mishra","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2025,"r":214,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/SAKSHEE-MISHRA-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-214-Sample-MGP-Copy-3.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) Rising influence of money power in Indian elections poses a serious challenge to transparency, fairness, and democratic accountability. How can ethical electoral funding be ensured to maintain the integrity of democracy?","10","150"],[5,"b) Explain the key dimensions of ethics that influence human behaviour. How do these dimensions shape ethical decision-making in private life?","10","150"],[7,"Q.2) a) \"Academic freedom is the bedrock of scholarly inquiry and intellectual progress.\" Examine the ethical issues that arise when educational institutions yield to political, social, or economic pressures and compromise academic freedom.","10","150"],[9,"b) Fortitude enables a civil servant to make difficult yet morally right decisions. Explain with reference to real-life examples.","10","150"],[11,"Q.3) Given below are the three quotations of great thinkers. What do each of these quotations convey to you in the present context?\na) \"When learning is purposeful, creativity blossoms. When creativity blossoms, thinking emanates. When thinking emanates, knowledge is fully lit. When knowledge is lit, the economy flourishes.\" - Abdul Kalam.","10","150"],[13,"b) \"The difference between what we do and what we are capable of doing would suffice to solve most of the world's problems.\" - Mahatma Gandhi","10","150"],[15,"c) \"Love and compassion are necessities, not luxuries. Without them, humanity cannot survive.\" - Dalai Lama","10","150"],[17,"Q.4) a) What do you understand by the term 'probity in governance'? Explain how probity acts as the foundation of ethical public administration.","10","150"],[19,"b) \"Starvation must not be used as a weapon of war.\" Yet, parties involved in conflicts often resort to the blockade of food and medical aid to civilians in conflict zones, deepening the humanitarian crisis. Powerful nations, despite their capacity to intervene, tend to prioritise strategic interests over humanitarian concerns. What ethical considerations should guide powerful nations in preventing such actions and ensuring unimpeded humanitarian access?","10","150"],[21,"Q.5) a) What teachings of Mahavira are most relevant today and why? Discuss.","10","150"],[23,"b) \"In contemporary times, social media platforms have emerged as powerful agents in shaping individual and societal attitudes.\" Do you agree with this view? Justify your answer.","10","150"],[25,"Q.6) a) What do you understand by the 'voice of conscience'? In what ways can you prepare yourself to listen to the voice of conscience?","10","150"],[27,"b) Effective utilisation of public funds is not merely an administrative requirement but a moral responsibility of those entrusted with public office. However, instances of funds allocated to government schemes lying idle or being diverted towards extraneous purposes continue to be reported across the country. Examine the reasons for under-utilization and mis-utilization of public funds and their implications.","10","150"],[29,"Q.7 Under the given conditions, what are the options available to Ramesh as a project manager?\nb) What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by Ramesh?\nc) What are the professional challenges likely to be faced by Ramesh and his response to overcome such challenges?","20","20"],[30,"a) दी गई परिस्थितियों में, एक परियोजना प्रबंधक के रूप में रमेश के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?  \nb) रमेश को किन नैतिक दुविधाओं का सामना करना पड़ रहा है?  \nc) रमेश को किन व्यावसायिक चुनौतियों का सामना करना पड़ सकता है तथा ऐसी चुनौतियों पर नियंत्रण पाने के लिए उसकी क्या प्रतिक्रिया होनी चाहिए?\na) दी गई परिस्थितियों में, एक परियोजना प्रबंधक के रूप में रमेश के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\nb) रमेश को किन नैतिक दुविधाओं का सामना करना पड़ रहा है?\nc) रमेश को किन व्यावसायिक चुनौतियों का सामना करना पड़ सकता है तथा ऐसी चुनौतियों पर नियंत्रण पाने के लिए उसकी क्या प्रतिक्रिया होनी चाहिए?","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[32,"2. Forward a report to senior \"demanding changes\" to the design citing public interest.","",""],[35,"Q.8 Srushti is a young and dynamic IPS officer, posted as Assistant Superintendent of Police (ASP) in a communally sensitive district. Her husband, Arjun, is an IAS officer and posted as Sub-Divisional Magistrate (SDM) in the same district. Both are honest, sincere and deeply committed to their work. They have a daughter who is just four months old, and is looked after by a domestic helper. Srushti resumed duty just two weeks ago after six months of maternity leave.\n\nAt 9 PM on Saturday night, Srushti is in her office reviewing the security arrangements with her team for an upcoming local festival. The situation in the area has been tense throughout the week due to a flare-up between two communities over a petty issue. Around 9:30 PM, she gets a call from the Superintendent of Police. He asks her to prepare a detailed law and order brief for a high-level meeting the next morning.\n\nSrushti reaches home at 10 PM, feeling exhausted. She has not been getting proper sleep during the week due to frequent night patrolling. Arjun also returns around the same time after a long day in the field. Their daughter has been unwell and cried through most of the previous night. Arjun expresses concern about Srushti's heavy workload and the baby's condition. He tells her that she can not keep pushing herself like this and that the child needs more of her attention. Srushti replies that she cannot afford to step back. She adds that people are already judging her and questioning her commitment to work for availing maternity leave. The conversation gradually turns into an argument. Arjun feels Srushti is ignoring her health and family, while Srushti feels judged and unsupported.\n\nLater that night, as Srushti sits at her desk preparing the report, she pauses and reflects on the purpose of her work. She had joined the IPS to serve the people and protect the vulnerable. But now, she wonders if she is being fair to her own child and family. Even as recently as last week, she had to cancel the family dinner as she had to attend an urgent meeting at the SP office. She also feels the weight of expectations. Male officers with children are rarely questioned. But as a new mother, she is constantly under scrutiny. Many in the department believe that women, especially new mothers, are not suitable for field duty.\n\nSrushti starts thinking about her options. She knows that whatever decision she makes will not only impact her own future but also influence the expectations placed on other working mothers in uniform.\na) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\nb) Evaluate the options available to Srushti in the above situation.\nc) What suggestions would you make to help officers like Srushti maintain a healthy work-life balance.","20","20"],[36,"a) उपर्युक्त मामले में नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं?\nb) उपरोक्त स्थिति में सृष्टि के लिए उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन करें।\nc) सृष्टि जैसे अधिकारियों को स्वस्थ कार्य-जीवन संतुलन बनाए रखने में मदद करने के लिए आप क्या सुझाव देंगे?","","20 अंक"],[38,"6 'Trust gap' between 'field officers' and boss.","",""],[41,"Q.9 A reputed Indian beauty & personal care company developed a herbal skin cream for the international market, claiming anti-ageing and skin-repair properties based on traditional Ayurvedic formulations. After obtaining the necessary approvals and export certifications, the company began exporting the product. The product received widespread positive feedback for its quality and natural formulation, and soon became a huge hit in international markets. Riding on this success, the company announced that the product would soon be made available to domestic consumers, with almost the same quality and health benefits.\n\nSubsequently, it secured approval from the domestic regulatory authority and launched the product in the Indian market. Over time, the brand gained a significant share of the domestic market and earned substantial revenues both nationally and internationally.\n\nHowever, during a random sample check, officials discovered that the cream sold in India differed from the version approved by the competent authority. The product failed to meet the claimed herbal composition and purity standards. Further investigation revealed that the company had often been distributing batches that had failed export quality checks.\n\nThe incident triggered widespread public criticism and regulatory scrutiny, leading to a sharp decline in the company’s reputation and financial performance.\na) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the case.\nb) What actions should the competent regulatory authority take against the personal care company for violating domestic quality standards and distributing rejected export batches in the Indian market?\nc) What course of action is available to the company to manage the crisis and restore public trust and brand credibility?","20","250"],[46,"Q.10 A forest fire has broken out in a hilly district and is rapidly spreading toward an eco-sensitive area that includes four villages (ESA villages). These villages lie along the forest fringe and are surrounded by difficult terrain. The region is known for its biodiversity and traditional forest-based livelihoods. The inhabitants of these villages are mostly poor tribal communities, dependent on forest resources for their sustenance.\nYou, as the District Magistrate of the area, have rushed to the spot with a medical team, police personnel, NGOs, media, and support staff to oversee the rescue and containment operations. Your disaster response team on the ground is small and poorly equipped. Reinforcements from the district headquarter have been requested, but they may take several hours to arrive due to the remoteness and challenging terrain.\nIn the meantime, a group of trained ex-forest guards and local youth from the villages offer to help. They are experienced and familiar with the area. However, existing government rules do not permit the engagement of unofficial personnel in fire control operations without formal clearance and insurance coverage.\nYour team members are divided on this issue. Some members argue that volunteers should be engaged immediately to prevent the fire from spreading. Others caution that involving them without proper approval and safety cover could be risky and against protocol.\nAs the District Magistrate, you are also the Chairperson of the District Disaster Management Authority (DDMA). The fire is spreading at a very rapid rate, and immediate action is required to protect lives, property, and the environment. You are now in a dilemma.\na) What are the options available to you?\nb) Critically evaluate each of the options identified by you.\nc) What option would you adopt and why?\nd) What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by you?","20","20"],[47,"a) Options available to DM\ni) Agree to the offer of Youth & former forest guard to augment staff as DDMA's head.\n2) Go ahead with limited staff & keep the different guards & youth in reserve in case of emergency.\n3) Allow effort guard to participate","",""],[51,"Q.11 In one of the government primary schools located in a rural block of a district, the newly appointed headmistress observed an unusual practice. The school had been preparing and serving mid-day meals separately to students belonging to different communities. Although the meals were cooked using a common gas connection, separate utensils, cooking areas, and serving arrangements had been in place for more than two decades. Students from the two communities had their food cooked and served by different cooks and ate in separate classrooms, despite attending classes together.\nAfter taking charge, the headmistress decided to discontinue this practice. She directed that food be prepared and served together for all students, using a common kitchen and utensils. However, the decision triggered backlash. A considerable number of parents across communities vehemently opposed the move and stopped sending their children to school. Consequently, attendance fell by almost 60 percent. This also raised concerns regarding the possible discontinuation of the mid-day meal scheme, withdrawal of teaching staff, and even closure of the school due to falling enrolment.\nThe issue has attracted attention from various political and social groups attempting to further polarise the situation and serve their vested interests.\nMarpi Apang, the District Education Officer (DEO), has been tasked by the Deputy Commissioner's office to amicably resolve the matter at the earliest. She has also been directed to submit a detailed report along with the Action Taken Report within a fortnight.\na) Identify the ethical issues involved in this case.\nb) What course of action should Marpi adopt and why?\nc) What should be the responsibilities of different social segments and agencies to create positive social ambiance for accepting such changes?","20","20"],[56,"Q.12) You are a Municipal Commissioner of a tier-2 city experiencing rapid urban expansion. Several high-rise residential and commercial buildings are under construction in the city to meet the growing demand for housing. One such luxury residential complex is being built, employing hundreds of daily-wage labourers, many of whom live in temporary settlements at the construction site. Late one night during the monsoon season, a large section of scaffolding and concrete slabs collapses from the upper floors of one of the under-construction buildings. Seven labourers, including two minors, die on the spot. Several others are critically injured and rushed to the hospital. The tragic incident results in public outrage, intense media scrutiny, and protests by a local NGO. The state government orders a formal inquiry and directs you to submit a report within a week. Your preliminary investigation reveals a series of irregularities. The construction material used is substandard and not in accordance with the National Building Code. Although the approved plan permits construction of fifteen floors, the builder has illegally added two extra floors. Moreover, the structure has encroached on land demarcated for a community park and a fire service lane under the city's Zonal Development Plan. These violations are not reported during site inspections conducted by the building inspector of the municipal corporation. The building clearance was granted during the tenure of your predecessor, who is not only your batchmate but also a close friend. Both of you were roommates during your training at LBSNAA. Prima facie, the case appears to involve a widespread nexus between officials of the Municipal Corporation and the builder. Your colleagues are putting pressure on you to go slow in the inquiry. Some of them suggest that holding the builder accountable could damage the city's image among investors and slow down urban development. Meanwhile, you come to know that the builder is the younger brother of a powerful minister in the state cabinet. One evening, his personal aide visits you privately. He suggests that the matter could be “mutually settled” and offers you a premium apartment worth ₹2 crore in the same residential complex. In the same breath, he hints that if the matter is not resolved swiftly in the builder's favour, someone in his office is prepared to file a complaint against you under the SC and ST (Prevention of Atrocities) Act.\na) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the case.\nb) What are the options available to you in this situation?\nc) Explain your selected course of action.","20","20"],[57,"a) मामले में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा करें।\nb) इस स्थिति में आपके पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\nc) अपनी चुनी हुई कार्यवाही का विवरण दीजिए।","","20 अंक"]]},{"i":704,"t":"Sakshee Mishra","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2025,"r":214,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/SAKSHEE-MISHRA-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-214-Sample-MGP-Copy-4.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1 \"Extraordinary powers must be exercised with extraordinary care.\" Discuss in the context of Article 142 of the Indian Constitution.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Why are State Legislative Assemblies involved in the election of the President but excluded from the process of impeachment?","10","10"],[7,"Q.3 Private Member's Bills (PMBs) seldom become law in India, yet they are an important aspect of parliamentary democracy. Bring out their significance and suggest steps to strengthen the PMB process.","10","150"],[8,"5 Increases importance of individual MP.\n1) Expert aid to private members for drafting like in UK, US etc.\n2) Mandatory discussion of certain % of PMBs\n3) Digitalization of process for approval of bills for discussion","",""],[9,"Q.4) Highlight the key points of convergence and divergence between the judicial systems of India and USA.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) The role of Election Commission of India has evolved beyond conducting elections to becoming a guardian of electoral democracy. Critically evaluate.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6 What is the rationale behind the 'three-language formula' in India's education policy? Also highlight the challenges associated with its adoption and implementation across the country.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7 'Emerging environmental concerns and evolving ecosystem perspectives demand a reimagined approach to rural water governance.' Discuss the key interventions needed to recalibrate rural water policies with special emphasis on the role of communities.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) Identify and discuss the challenges hindering effective implementation of gender-sensitive policies and schemes in the country.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9) Effective transboundary water management can act as a catalyst for regional peace and cooperation. In light of this statement, bring out the opportunities and challenges for India in leveraging 'water diplomacy' in its neighbourhood.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10) What are the key areas of reform if the World Trade Organization (WTO) has to remain relevant in the present context of rising protectionism and trade wars?","10","150"],[23,"Q.11) The basic structure doctrine acts as a constitutional compass in balancing Parliament's legislative authority and constitutional supremacy. Comment.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12) Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) are pivotal to inclusive and efficient urban governance, yet they remain fiscally constrained and institutionally weak. Analyze.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13) \"The judiciary has functioned as an institutional corrective, redefining and refining the contours of the Governor's office to prevent its misuse and uphold constitutional principles.\" Discuss this statement with the help of relevant case laws.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14) How is the 'vertical' and 'horizontal' devolution of taxes to the states decided? Highlighting the concerns raised by some states regarding the devolution of taxes, suggest corrective measures.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 What steps are required for the constitutionalization of a Commission? Do you think granting constitutional status to the Central Information Commission (CIC) would strengthen the RTI regime in India? Give reasons.","15","250"],[36,"2) Give RTI the status of a constitutional right","",""],[38,"Q.16 Even as India experiences consistent economic growth and has achieved self-sufficiency in food production, hunger and food insecurity remain pressing concerns. Examine the factors responsible for this paradox and suggest steps to improve the situation.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 The Union Government has recently announced that caste enumeration will be part of the upcoming census. Examine the opportunities and challenges associated with conducting a nationwide 'caste census'. Also, propose a framework for its seamless and effective conduct.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 \"AI integration in governance is no longer a choice but a necessity.\" In light of this statement, discuss how AI can enhance education and healthcare governance.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 Providing a brief overview of the aims and objectives of BIMSTEC, explain its significance for India.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 India's approach to its relationship with China has evolved into what can be best described as 'competitive coexistence'. Discuss in light of recent developments. What should be the broad contours of India's future China policy?","15","250"]]},{"i":701,"t":"Sakshee Mishra","c":"Forumias","p":"GS3","y":2025,"r":214,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/SAKSHEE-MISHRA-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-214-Sample-MGP-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) Write the Employment Linked Incentive (ELI) scheme and the Production Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme are both designed to boost economic growth, they employ different approaches and focus on distinct outcomes. Elaborate.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) What do you understand by 'Reverse Brain Drain'? Identify the key drivers of the rising trend of this phenomenon in the country.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) The Dedicated Freight Corridor (DFC) not only enhances logistics efficiency but also represents a pivotal milestone in the country's infrastructure development and economic growth. In this context, describe the significance of the Dedicated Freight Corridor.","10","150"],[8,"3) Promote urbanization and industrialization along DFCs.\n4) Boost FDI due to low cost of trade in India. (Ease of business)\n5) Enhance domestic supply chain resilience.\n6) Boost employment by attracting more companies.","",""],[9,"Q.4) Define precision agriculture. How can it help in optimizing crop production and resource management?","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) Why has rice not seen similar innovation in processed food products compared to wheat, despite being a staple in many regions of the country?","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) Explain the working principle of the pumped storage hydropower system. What are the key advantages it offers compared to other power storage technologies?","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) Describe the major outcomes of the 29th session of the Conference of Parties (COP) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).","10","150"],[17,"Q.8 How can emerging solar technologies address the twin challenges of resource scarcity and environmental degradation? Illustrate your answer with recent innovations in the field.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9 What is 'research security'? What are the key hurdles in ensuring research security in India?","10","150"],[21,"Q.10) The Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act, 1958 (AFSPA) is necessary for maintaining peace and stability in the 'disturbed areas'. Critically examine.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11) How has inadequate progress on factor market reforms impacted India's double-digit growth aspirations? What measures has the government taken in this regard?","15","250"],[26,"Q.12 What are the factors responsible for the recent depreciation of the Indian Rupee? Discuss its implications for the economy and suggest policy measures to stabilize the currency.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 While Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs) can resolve the issues of small farmers and boost agrarian economy, the realization of their potential is hindered by a multitude of factors. Analyze.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 Discuss the significance of aquaculture towards nutrition security, livelihood generation, and economic growth. Also mention various initiatives taken by the government to promote sustainable aquaculture in the country.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15) What is gene therapy? What makes it a better treatment option than the conventional approaches?","15","250"],[38,"Q.16) Why are countries keen on developing their own space stations? What obstacles do they face in the process, and how can these be overcome?","15","250"],[41,"Q.17) Climate change is causing profound alterations in ecosystems, triggering cascading impacts on biodiversity, ecosystem services, and human livelihoods, which demands integrated approaches to conservation and climate adaptation. Analyse.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18) Often referred to as the 'cradle of civilization' and 'growth engines', urban areas are increasingly experiencing various natural and man-made disasters. Discuss in the Indian context. Also, suggest suitable mitigation and management strategies.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 How does India's geographical location heighten its vulnerability to drug trafficking? Also, analyze various internal security risks linked to drug trafficking.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20) The increasing frequency and sophistication of cyberattacks pose a significant threat to national security. Discuss the major challenges in ensuring cybersecurity in the country and enumerate the measures taken by the government in this regard.","15","250"]]},{"i":702,"t":"Sakshee Mishra","c":"Forumias","p":"GS3","y":2025,"r":214,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/SAKSHEE-MISHRA-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-214-Sample-MGP-Copy-2.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1 The Union Budget 2025-26 outlines a shift towards the debt-to-GDP ratio as the fiscal anchor starting from FY 2026-27. Discuss the rationale behind this shift.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Why does India need to transition from a 'build to print' to a 'build to design' model in manufacturing? What steps has been taken by the government in this regard?","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) Explain the concept of a nutrition-sensitive food system and suggest strategies to achieve it in the country.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) Give a brief overview of the 'Digital Agriculture Mission'. How can it benefit the agriculture sector?","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) Rare earths are not just elements; they are foundational inputs that act like 'seeds of technology'. Elaborate.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) Why retrofitting Electrostatic Precipitators (ESPs) in Indian thermal power plants is a more viable and effective option compared to the installation of flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems?","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) 'The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) regime in India remains weak and is often reduced to a procedural formality.' In light of this statement, examine the key challenges in EIA implementation and suggest reforms.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) Plastic pollution is emerging as a serious environmental threat in India. Discuss the various mitigation measures to address this problem and also the government's initiatives in this regard.","10","150"],[18,"4) Reduce cost of alternatives like jute & bamboo.\n1) Ban on single use plastic upto 50 micron thick.\n2) Promotion of bamboo & jute as alternatives via subsidies.\n3) Push for global convention under UN.","",""],[19,"Q.9) Amid evolving threats, there is a need to blend private sector capabilities with India's current internal security architecture. In this context, elaborate on the ways in which the private sector can contribute to strengthening internal security.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10 'Radicalisation in Jammu and Kashmir is driven as much by socio-economic factors as by external influences.' Discuss how education and youth engagement can play a role in countering radicalisation in J&K.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11 Outlining the key characteristics of the care economy, discuss how India can better integrate the value of unpaid and underpaid care work into its economic framework.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12) 'The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) presents both unprecedented opportunities and significant challenges for India's labour market.' Examine. Also suggest strategies to align AI adoption with inclusive and resilient labour market outcomes.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13) Why does India's agricultural export performance remain weak despite high production levels? What measures would you suggest to improve agri-export competitiveness?","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 \"The agricultural subsidy regime in the country needs reforms to address the distortions causes.\" Comment.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 How can biomanufacturing transform today's consumptive manufacturing paradigm to the one based on regenerative principles? Also discuss how BioE3 Policy (Biotechnology for Economy, Environment, and Employment) aims to foster biomanufacturing in the country.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16) The future of digital innovation depends on self-reliant, domain-specific AI capabilities. In this context, bring out the key considerations in developing indigenous AI models and tools. Suggest measures to build an enabling ecosystem for AI innovation in India. What initiatives have been taken by the government in this regard?","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 Marine oil spills are a form of environmental disaster, with far-reaching consequences for biodiversity and coastal livelihoods; however, India's preparedness to prevent such incidents and mitigate their impact has significant gaps. Analyze.","15","250"],[43,"4. Inadequate enforcement of safety procedures to be followed for preventing such hazard.","",""],[44,"Q.18) 'The United Nations has declared 2025 as the International Year of Glacier Preservation.' Bring out the ecological and socio-economic significance of glaciers. What are the key challenges in preserving them? What measures have been taken at national and international levels towards preservation of glaciers?","15","250"],[47,"9 (a) What are the determinants of insurgency in the north eastern region of India? What strategy should the Government of India, civil administration and security forces adopt to counter the threat in the affected areas?","15","250"],[50,"Q.20) Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have become an integral aspect of modern conflict and warfare, employed by both state and non-state actors. Discuss its implications for India's security architecture and state the measures being taken to address them. Also suggest other steps to tackle the threats emanating from UAVs.","15","250"]]},{"i":705,"t":"Saloni Vats","c":"Forumias","p":"GS1","y":2025,"r":273,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/SALONI-VATSUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-273-Sample-MGP-COPY-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1 How does the study of numismatics contribute to the unraveling of India's history? Explain with suitable examples.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Analyse the significance of the Civil Disobedience Movement in India's freedom struggle, considering its extent, reach, and revolutionary zeal.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) How did the British education policy in colonial India fuel the rise of Indian nationalism instead of achieving its intended purpose of perpetuating Indian subjugation?","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) The Arab-Israeli conflict should be understood as a product of both internal dynamics and the outcome of manipulative strategies employed by imperial powers. Comment.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5 The eastern coast and the western coast of India differ considerably in their geographical characteristics. Explain.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) Enumerate the factors behind the proliferation of the IT industry in India. Also, Explain the reasons behind the skewed concentration of the IT industry within the country.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) The Aspirational Blocks Programme, built upon the success of the Aspirational Districts Programme, can help in achieving the twin objectives of enabling balanced growth and checking stressed migration. Comment.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) Even after seven decades of independence, the colonial mindset continues to cast its shadow on Indian society. Examine.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9 Digital technologies can play a significant role in bridging the gender gap in India; however, it is mired in its own set of challenges. Discuss.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10 How will you explain that the values of tolerance and inclusiveness which were deeply embedded in ancient Indian society continue to persist and flourish in the present times?","10","150"],[23,"Q.11 Dravidian temple architecture can be seen as a continuum that, though strengthened during the period of the Pallavas, reached its pinnacle during the reign of the Cholas. Discuss","15","250"],[26,"Q.12) Examine the causes that led to tribal unrest during British rule in India. Analyse the reasons for their limited success.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 While the Emergency of 1975 was touted as seminal for national security and unity by some, the critics paint it as the darkest phase of Post Independent India. Discuss. What insights and lessons did emergency provide for the country?","15","250"],[32,"Q.14) Mangroves play a significant role in coastal ecology and economy. Examine. Also, elaborate the reasons behind the accelerated destruction of the mangrove habitat.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15) Write an explanatory note on the global distribution of earthquakes with the help of the map given below. Also, throw light on the various consequences associated with earthquakes.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16 Although poor air quality is a perennial problem, it gets intensified during the winter months in Delhi-NCR. Explain. Evaluate the efficacy of existing measures to control air pollution.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 Enumerate the major reasons that make the Indian economy heavily reliant on coal. Explain why phasing out coal from our energy basket is difficult.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 In what ways are the institutions of marriage and family undergoing changes in contemporary times? Elucidate the role of the state and the market in facilitating these changes.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 How do unplanned urbanization and unabated rural-urban migration contribute to the multiple woes faced by Indian metropolises?","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 The forces of globalization have an indelible influence on the traditional cultural values of Indian society. Elaborate. Also, discuss the impact of globalization on diversity and disparity in the country.","15","250"]]},{"i":1021,"t":"Saloni Verma","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1kSS4P8iWeHQtBQyVhyNeBO-iyc-WcKNX/view","q":[[3,"1. (a) Man is not only a product of his environment but can also modify the environment. Do you agree with this view? Justify your answer with suitable examples.","10","150"],[5,"1. (b) Though it may seem that accountability and efficiency are antithetical to each other, accountability is a sine qua non for good governance. Discuss.","10","150"],[7,"2. (a) Gandhian ideals can be of immense help in dealing with the Covid-19 pandemic. Evaluate.","10","150"],[9,"2. (b) While civil servants have the legal right to undertake post-retirement jobs, it raises key ethical issues. Comment.","10","150"],[11,"3. Given below are quotations of moral thinkers/philosophers. Bring out what they mean to you in the present context:\n(a) Try not to become a man of success but rather try to become a man of value. Albert Einstein","10","150"],[13,"3. (b) Having knowledge of an unethical act and allowing it to continue can spread a contagion that can affect multiple beings in society. Bertrand Russell","10","150"],[15,"4. (a) When people use a common resource without a coordinated plan the result is often a tragedy of the commons in which the resource is depleted. In this context, discuss the various ethical challenges arising out of utilization of Global Commons.","10","150"],[17,"4. (b) While a code of conduct merely establishes minimal standards of conduct, a better strategy to promote ethical work culture is through internalization of values. Discuss.","10","150"],[19,"5. (a) A state that does not have the political will and the discipline to enforce probity in governance, can not get rid of the menace of prolonged corruption. Discuss.","10","150"],[21,"5. (b) India cannot march successfully in to the 21st century with the administrative system having a colonial mindset. Discuss in context of the bureaucratic work culture in India.","10","150"],[23,"6. Which corporate leader has inspired you the most and what moral lessons have you learnt from their life?","10","150"],[25,"7. Increasing participation of people in governance and easy access to information is what transforms governance to good governance. Elaborate.","10","150"],[27,"8. It is sometimes believed that moral scrupulousness in one's private life automatically guarantees high moral stature in professional life. Do you agree? Justify your stand with logical arguments.","10","150"],[29,"9. You are working as a District Magistrate in an aspirational district where women literacy and sex ratio is one of the lowest in the country. It is brought to your notice that a woman who has been elected as 'Sarpanch' on a seat reserved for women candidates in a panchayat in your district is head 'only on the paper'. All the work related to the panchayat is actually carried out by her husband. Even the flag hoisting ceremony on Independence Day is carried out by her husband. However, her husband happens to be a good administrator as indicated by that panchayat's performance as compared to other panchayats in the district. Also, her husband enjoys the support of the local people. Given the situation, answer the following:\n(a) Identify the stakeholders and issues involved in this case?\n(b) What options are available to you as the District Magistrate in such a scenario? Also, evaluate each option and indicate what option will you choose.","20","around 250"],[34,"10. The issues confronting humanity are multifaceted - from political conflicts and human rights abuses to pandemics and climate change. They are not contained within national borders, nor do they fit into the silos of separate government agencies or academic specialties. What is required is greater international cooperation, mutual respect, abiding by international laws and participative global decision-making. However, over the last decade, it has been observed that international relations have overshadowed these basic tenets of global governance and now we are at the verge of serious global catastrophic risks. When it comes to the structures of global governance, business as usual, is no longer an option. Not only an improvement in our understanding of risks is required but also taking responsibility to lead collective action for a coordinated global response.\n(a) What do you think are the factors hindering collective actions?\n(b) Provide a case for the moral obligation of the international community to come together and find solutions to the problems we face.\n(c) What should be the principles guiding such international cooperation?","20",""],[39,"11. You are posted as Superintendent of Police in a district. A case has come up in which more than 30 girls were allegedly raped and sexually exploited at the city shelter home run by an NGO. The scandal came to light when media flagged complaints of sexual abuse of inmates of the city shelter home. A nexus of police, politicians, administration and criminals have been allegedly responsible for the racket going on for the last few years. In light of this, a lot of protests have erupted across the city. While, on one hand, media glare has meant that people are demanding swift action, you have been asked to go slow in investigating the case by top officers in your department. Elections in the state are due in a few months, so it has become a politically sensitive issue. You are also under immense political pressure from the ruling party to not take strict action and make compromises to cover up the case. Given the situation, answer the following:\n(a) Identify the issues involved in the case.\n(b) What are the options available to you? Which of these options will you choose? Justify your stand with logical arguments.","20",""],[44,"12. Being the senior-most IAS officer, you are in line to be promoted as Chief Secretary after the incumbent retires in the next two months. Currently, you are heading the Public Works Department (PWD) and a road construction project worth crores has been opened for tender. A company X belonging to the son-in-law of the incumbent Chief Minister has also applied for the same. The director in charge of the screening process, a young IAS officer, has reported that company Y and the state PSU have submitted the best bids. Both you and the director are facing political pressure to favour the company X. The young IAS officer may be demoralised if you give in to the pressure. But if you don't give in then he may be transferred and your chances of promotion may also suffer. In light of the situation, answer the following:\n(a) Discuss the ethical issues faced by you in the given case.\n(b) What are the options available to you? Which of these options will you choose? Justify your stand with logical arguments.","20",""],[49,"13. As the head of the Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV), you are tasked to complete the construction of a power plant. The project needs to be completed expeditiously to fulfil the promise made by the government to ensure access to power for all. The selected site is in a remote area and is ideal for plant construction. However, the project would require relocation of the people living in the vicinity. Initially, the local community objected to disruption in their lives but were convinced later about the economic benefits that would accrue to the region through this plant. The project had started gathering pace, but recently a local NGO working for environment protection got involved with the local community regarding the issue. And now the local community has started protesting against any developmental activity in the region. As the officer-in-charge for the speedy execution of the project, answer the following:\n(a) What are the issues involved in this case?\n(b) What course of action will you take and why?","20",""],[54,"14. Genetic editing has several applications with its potential to edit the genomes of both somatic and germ cells. This allows for the ability to not only cure genetic diseases but to edit the characteristics of future offspring. The last few years have seen the development of several efficient, more precise genetic engineering techniques. However, with growing sophistication, various issues of bioethics have also have come to the forefront.\n(a) Discuss the ethical considerations associated with genome editing.\n(b) In the light of these ethical issues, provide an ethical framework on how this technology can be used for the betterment of humanity.","20",""]]},{"i":1022,"t":"Saloni Verma","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1CbQ4smt_EHACM391nkOiMemByWeT-zSP/view","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) There is a view that the principal objective of ethics is equitable distribution of resources in a society and behavioural regulation at an individual level. Do you agree?","10","150"],[5,"b) A person's ability to make ethical decisions is often restricted because of internal and external pressures. Identify some internal and external pressure that impact ethical decision-making. Have you ever faced such a pressure? Give examples from your life.","10","150"],[7,"Q.2) a) The requirement of a developing country is not a neutral civil service but civil service activism. Do you agree with this statement? Justify your stand with examples.","10","150"],[9,"b) What do you mean by intellectual courage? Why is it an important quality in a civil servant?","10","150"],[11,"Q.3) a) Differentiate between the following\ni) Emotions and Feelings\nii) Integrity and probity","10","150"],[13,"In light of the statement, explain reasons for widespread corruption in India. How can ethical actions be promoted in administration?","10","150"],[15,"10 Human challenge trials (HCTs) in the development of the COVID-19 vaccine, involves grave ethical concerns. Comment.","10","150"],[17,"b) What do you mean by \"good character\"? Is it a necessary and sufficient condition for moral actions?","10","10"],[19,"Q.5 Given are two quotations of moral thinkers/philosophers. For each of these bring out what it means to you in the present context.\na) In law a man is guilty when he violates the rights of others. In ethics he is guilty if he only thinks of doing so. - Immanuel Kant","10","150"],[21,"b) \"Ethics as no-self\" - Swami Vivekananda","10","10"],[23,"Q.6) a) The recent spate of suicide among seemingly successful people shows us that there is a need for developing both the adversity quotient and emotional quotient. Examine.","10","150"],[25,"b) Why is objectivity considered a foundational value in civil services? Is it possible for a civil servant to always be objective? Justify your answer with an example.","10","150"],[27,"c) Lack of transparency results in distrust and deep sense of insecurity. Explain how the Right to information has helped in building trust in government. How far do you think have the recent amendments to the Act diluted the very essence of the Act?","10","150"],[29,"Q.7 You are working as a Human Resource Manager in a multinational company. The profit margins of the company have been coming down in recent years. The top management has decided to lay off around 20% of the employees in the light of reducing profits. You have been given the responsibility of identifying employees who can be laid off. You have been told not to discuss this issue with anyone and keep it a secret. Many of the people who will be laid off are your friends. While shortlisting employees you realize that many of the employees are dependent on the company for their survival. You also come to know that people working at the top are getting salary hikes despite company-wide moratorium on salary appraisals. You feel that if such hikes are not given, many jobs can be saved. You are now confused and not happy with the way things are done in the company. When you approach your seniors, you are told to follow the instructions and leave decisions to them.\na) Identify the ethical issues from the viewpoint of different stakeholders.\nb) What will you do in such a situation?","20","250"],[33,"Q.8) Jyoti Kumari is a young girl staying in Gurugram with her father. Due to a nationwide lockdown and cessation of all economic activity, her father loses his job. With no work at hand, and little means to survive in the city, Jyoti and her father decide to go back to home in Bihar. However, no means of transport are available given the lockdown situation.\nJyoti decides to cycle more than 1200 km to bring her sick father from Haryana to their native village in Bihar.\nThe story of Jyoti and her father is not an isolated one in India. 'Lockdown restrictions introduced by the government have forced many migrant workers out of jobs, forcing them to migrate to hometowns and villages. Although the governments at various levels have been trying to ease the movements of migrants, stories of Jyoti and her father hints that more needs to be done.\nThere is also the added issue of bearing the cost of travel of the migrants from their respective states to their home states. Left with no money, due to loss of livelihood, State governments are unwilling to bear the cost of travel of migrant labourers.\nYou have been tasked with drafting a policy for migrant workers affected by the lockdown. How will you approach the problem and what would be the main elements of your suggested policy?","20","250"],[37,"With an insufficient number of ventilators left in the COVID care unit in your hospital, answer the following questions:\na) What do you understand by Triage Policy? What are the ethical challenges in framing a triage policy?\nb) What would be your priority order for providing intensive health care service to these five patients?\nc) On what ethical criteria, would you base your judgment?","20","250"],[41,"Q.10) Singham has been posted as Superintendent of Police in a district. In a gruesome incident, a girl was raped and murdered in his district. The news was widely covered by local and national media. The heated media debates and wide media coverage have created strong general public opinion against this incident. Citizen Groups have organized peaceful protests all over the country to show solidarity with the victim and her family. The girl's family is also politically connected.\n\nOne day, Singham had received a phone call from the Home Ministry. He was ordered to solve this case on a priority basis. Singham was also aware that every police personnel working on the case had received feelers from the government to quickly solve the case. The police team assigned to the case acted quickly and suspects were identified and arrested. However, during the transfer of suspects from jail to court, the suspects were killed in an encounter.\n\nAccording to police personnel on duty, the accused snatched the gun of a police officer and fired upon the police, trying to escape. Police retaliated and exchange of fire took place which resulted in death of suspects.\n\nThis action of the on-duty police personnel has been receiving appreciation from all quarters ranging from public to politicians. On the other hand, human rights groups are criticizing this action alleging that it was a deliberate and planned extra-judicial killing. Singham also suspects that foul play may be involved due to political pressure.\na) What are different ethical issues involved in this case?\nb) If you were in Singham's position, what would you do in this situation?","20","250"],[42,"6 WHAT WOULD I DO as SINGHAM","",""],[45,"Q.11 Stubble burning has been in the news for the last few years as a major reason for pollution in Delhi. You are the District Magistrate of an agricultural district close to NCR which has notorious reputation for stubble burning after the end of kharif season. On investigation you found that farmers burn stubble because it is cheapest and quickest way to clear the field. The large farmers, who are capable of moving on to other methods of stubble disposal, also resort to stubble burning. The government has made it illegal to burn stubble and offered incentive for hiring machines to dispose stubble in an environment friendly manner. However, no farmer has given up the practice of stubble burning in your district.\na) Do you think this attitude is related to only financial considerations or does it have any ethical dimensions also?\nb) How will you ensure that practice of stubble burning is checked in your district?","20","250"],[49,"Q.12) You have been appointed as the panchayat secretary in Phulera, a small village in Ballia district of Uttar Pradesh. You have little interest in working as a panchayat secretary but due to lack of any better job opportunity, you have joined this position. You have always lived in metro cities and have little knowledge of rural ways of life.\n\nWhile posting you were told that Phulera was a reserved constituency for women and the gram pradhan and other block members are women. When you reached Phulera, you were greeted by Mr. Brij Bhusan Dubey. Everyone called Mr Brij Bhusan Dubey \"pradhan ji\". You were surprised to see a man being called pradhan because gram pradhan was supposed to be a woman named Mrs. Lalita Devi. When you inquired, the clerk in the panchayat office told you that the person who is being called pradhan ji is actually the husband of official gram pradhan, Mrs. Lalita Devi. Other people who introduced themselves as block members were also male, whereas official members were supposed to be females.\n\nMr. Brij Bhusan Dubey takes care of official business in the village and Mrs. Lalita Devi, who is the actual gram pradhan is least interested in official business of panchayat. You know that this arrangement is against the spirit of reserving seats for women in panchayats, but you have accepted it.\n\nThe Republic day function is coming in few days and gram pradhan is expected to lead the flag hoisting ceremony and sing the national anthem on the stage at panchayat office. But you come to know that Mr. Brij Bhusan Dubey is planning to hoist the national flag and sing the national anthem instead of Mrs. Lalita Devi. The panchayat clerk tells you that Mr. Brij Bhusan Dubey hoisted the flag and sang the national anthem last year as well. When you ask Mrs. Lalita Devi to perform the official ceremony, she tells you that she does not know the national anthem and insists that it is more convenient for her husband to perform the ceremony. Your conscience is telling you that it will be wrong for someone else to hoist the national flag and sing the national anthem instead of official gram pradhan. Considering the present situation answer the following questions:\na) Why does the culture of \"pradhan pati\" exist in India?\nb) Some of the options for action available to you are listed below. Discuss the merits and demerits of each of the options:\n1. Permit Mr. Brij Bhusan Dubey to hoist the flag and sing the national anthem as happened last year.\n2. Ask Mrs. Lalita Devi to hoist the flag and invite school children to sing the national anthem.\n3. Persuade Mrs. Lalita Devi to perform the ceremony herself.\nc) What will be your course of action?","20","250"]]},{"i":708,"t":"Samiksha Dwivedi","c":"Visionias","p":"Essay","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/5c642-01430179_4514_samiksha_dwivedi_rank_56.pdf","q":[[5,"Write two essays, choosing one topic from each of the Sections A and B, in about 1000-1200 words each :\n1. You may have to fight a battle more than once to win it.\n2. In matters of conscience, the law of the majority has no place.\n3. He who opens a school door, closes a prison.\n4. Only in the depths of winter can we truly appreciate the warmth of spring.\n5. We cannot always build the future for our youth, but we can build our youth for the future.\n6. Copying is safe; innovation demands courage.\n7. The more we automate, the more human we must become.\n8. The pursuit of instant validation is creating a generation of restless minds.","125 x 2 = 250","1000-1200 words each"],[18,"5. We cannot always build the future for our youth, but we can build our youth for the future.","",""]]},{"i":712,"t":"Samiksha Dwivedi","c":"Vision","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/b452f-01430179_4511_samiksha_dwivedi_rank_56.pdf","q":[[6,"1. How does the Supreme Court's recent decision on Aligarh Muslim University's minority status affect the interpretation of Article 30 of the Indian Constitution? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[8,"2. The Supreme Court, in a recent verdict, prescribed a time period for the Governor's assent to state legislative bills. What are the implications of this judgment for cooperative federalism and legislative accountability in India? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[10,"3. Discuss the recent changes and initiatives related to cooperatives that aim to smoothen the tussle between the Centre and States in the cooperative sector. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[12,"4. In recent years, use of social media and digital mobilisation by civil society has emerged as a powerful form of pressure politics. Examine its impact on policymaking and democratic accountability.","10","150"],[14,"5. How is Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) emerging as a business-led solution for addressing development challenges in India? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"6. Discuss how mechanisms like public consultations and Jan Sunwais in India impact governance outcomes. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[18,"7. How effective have the National Action Plan for Drug Demand Reduction (NAPDDR) and Nasha Mukt Bharat Abhiyaan been in addressing substance abuse in India? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[20,"8. Rote learning and neglect of creativity in foundational education setup in India make it less ready for marketplaces that are now driven by Artificial Intelligence. Do you agree with this view? Substantiate your argument.","10","Answer in 150"],[22,"9. Analyze the transformation of the G7 from a symbol of Western strategic unity to a forum marked by internal contradictions. How should India navigate this changing dynamic to advance its strategic interests? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[24,"10. Discuss the role of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in the development of developing countries. What are the key criticisms associated with its approach? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[26,"11. The 103rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 2019 has introduced a new dimension to the principle of affirmative action in India. Critically examine its implications for the broader goal of social justice.","15","250"],[29,"12. The District Planning Committee (DPC) was envisioned as a key instrument to strengthen grassroots-level planning. How far has it succeeded in achieving this goal? Discuss the challenges faced by DPCs and suggest measures to make them more effective.","15","250"],[32,"13. The restrictions imposed under Article 293 of the Constitution on State borrowing powers, though constitutionally valid, may hinder fiscal autonomy of States and disrupt cooperative federalism. Discuss in the light of recent developments.","15","250"],[35,"14. Examine the tension between the right to contest elections and the need to uphold electoral ethics under the Representation of the People Act. Should there be a lifetime ban on convicted criminals? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[37,"Should criminals have lifetime ban","",""],[38,"15. To what extent has the Beti Bachao Beti Padhao (BBBP) scheme, launched in 2015, succeeded in addressing the declining child sex ratio and empowering the girl child? Suggest measures to enhance its impact at the grassroots level.","15","250"],[41,"16. Self-Help Groups (SHGs) are emerging as vehicles of socio-economic transformation in rural India. Examine the role of government in scaling their reach and effectiveness.","15","250"],[44,"17. Despite economic growth, multidimensional poverty continues to persist in India. Analyse the underlying causes and discuss the measures taken by the government to address them. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[47,"18. India faces a paradox of food surplus and nutritional deficit. Analyse the structural reasons behind this paradox and suggest reform strategies. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[50,"19. India's timely response during the economic crises in Sri Lanka and the Maldives reflects its \"Neighbourhood First\" policy in action. Examine how Indian aid has impacted bilateral ties with these nations. What steps can further be taken to promote sustainable economic cooperation in the Indian Ocean region? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[53,"20. Discuss the geostrategic significance of Afghanistan for India in the context of continental connectivity and access to Central Asia. How has the altered political landscape post-2021 affected India's connectivity and energy corridor ambitions? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"]]},{"i":713,"t":"Samiksha Dwivedi","c":"Vision","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/05f4a-1430179_2718_samiksha_dwivedi_rank_56.pdf","q":[[3,"1. Examine the implications of increased judicial legislation on the separation of powers in India. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[5,"2. Who is a public servant under Article 14 of the Lokpal and Lokayukta Act? Critically examine the case for including constitutional courts (or higher judiciary) under the purview of Lokpal.","10","150"],[7,"3. How can the financial woes of urban local bodies be tackled through innovative funding?","10","150"],[9,"4. Examine the constitutional and functional relationship between the President and the Prime Minister. Is the President merely a titular head in India? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[11,"5. Discuss the role of ICT in improving healthcare delivery through e-governance in India.","10","150"],[13,"6. Enumerate the key challenges encountered across various stages of policy formulation in India. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[15,"7. How does gender inequality contribute to the intensification of poverty? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[17,"8. Malnutrition in India continues to persist despite numerous schemes and interventions over the years. What are the key reasons behind this persistence? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[19,"9. The rupture in the Trans-Atlantic partnership that has defined the Western world order post-World War II opens key opportunities for India. Discuss.","10","150"],[21,"10. Assess the mandate and effectiveness of the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) in curbing global terrorism financing. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[23,"11. Critically assess the effectiveness of the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act in empowering Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs). (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[26,"12. How does Article 143 of the Indian Constitution facilitate a consultative relationship between the executive and the judiciary? Does this relationship strengthen or undermine the principle of separation of powers? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[29,"13. Discuss the mechanisms through which mutual checks and balances are maintained among the Legislature, Executive and Judiciary in India. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[32,"14. Critically assess the working of District Planning Committees in integrating rural and urban planning. Why have they remained largely ineffective? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[35,"15. How can civil servants utilize social media to positively shape public perceptions of their integrity and commitment to public service, while ensuring they do not compromise the principles of neutrality and anonymity essential to their role? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[38,"16. Participatory governance is essential for deepening democracy and enhancing service delivery. Discuss the various tools of participatory governance in India and evaluate their effectiveness in promoting transparency and accountability.","15","250"],[41,"17. With foreign educational institutions establishing campuses in India, what could be the impact on the overall quality and international competitiveness of higher education? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[44,"18. Though legal protections exist for elderly persons in India, their enforcement remains weak. Examine the challenges in implementing laws related to senior citizens. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[47,"19. Evaluate the strategic significance of the India-Sri Lanka Defence Cooperation Agreement 2025 for regional security in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR). (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[50,"20. China, Bangladesh, and Pakistan recently held their first official trilateral meeting in Kunming, signaling Beijing's growing strategic outreach in South Asia. In this context, to what extent has India's 'Neighbourhood First' policy succeeded in meeting its strategic goals? What steps are needed to re-energize and realign this policy in the face of emerging regional challenges?","15","250"]]},{"i":707,"t":"Samiksha Dwivedi","c":"Forumias","p":"GS3","y":2025,"r":56,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/SAMIKSHA-DWIVEDIUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-56-Sample-MGP-Copy-2.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) Explain the significance of the recent changes made to the Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) with respect to labour market data estimation in the country.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2 Discuss the implications of the rising trend of protectionism and tariff wars in global trade for India's macroeconomic stability.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3 \"Genome-edited crops have the potential to strengthen food and nutritional security in the country.\" Examine.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) Assess the role of Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY) in expanding irrigation coverage and improving on-farm water use efficiency.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5 Starlink, a satellite internet service provider, has recently been granted a license to operate in India. What is satellite internet? How does it work? What are its advantages and limitations?","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) What is a Geographical Indication (GI)? What are the legal frameworks governing it? How does it differ from a trademark? How can GI infringement be tackled?","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) What are the salient features of Mission Mausam launched by the Government of India? Why is such a mission needed? What are the likely challenges in its effective implementation?","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) Highlight the key provisions of the Disaster Management (Amendment) Act, 2025. How would the amendment help strengthen the disaster management framework in the country?","10","150"],[18,"How would it help in improving Disaster Management framework","",""],[19,"Q.9 'Operation Sindoor' signals a strategic evolution in India's approach to cross-border terrorism. Analyze.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10) 'Cyberspace has emerged as a distinct domain of warfare, posing serious threats to national security.' Discuss this statement and suggest counter-measures.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11) What are the key objectives of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC), 2016? To what extent has it been successful in achieving them?","15","250"],[26,"Q.12) Despite phenomenal growth in recent years, India's startup ecosystem lags in innovation across strategic sectors. Identify the factors responsible for this inadequate focus on deep-tech and suggest strategies to bridge this gap.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 What is floriculture? How is it helpful in enhancing farm income and boosting agri-exports?","15","250"],[32,"Q.14) \"Women play a crucial role in Indian agriculture, yet continue to face systemic exclusion.\" Discuss with reference to land ownership, access to credit, and agri-extension services. What initiatives has the government taken in this regard?","15","250"],[35,"Q.15) Launched on 25th June 2025, the Axiom-4 (Ax-04) mission has been much in the news since then. What are the key features of the mission? What significance does it hold for the Gaganyaan project and India's long-term space ambitions?","15","250"],[38,"Q.16) Energy storage technology is one of the major components of renewable energy integration and decarbonization of world energy systems. Briefly discuss any three such technologies, citing their key merits and demerits.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17) Global Pandemic Agreement (2025) recognizes the 'One Health' approach as critical to pandemic prevention, preparedness, and response. Highlight the key features of the agreement, and elaborate on how the One Health approach can help in preventing future pandemics. What steps are needed to integrate this approach into India's environmental and health governance?","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 The frequency and intensity of heatwaves, particularly in urban centres, have increased in recent years. Describe the various causes and effects of heatwaves. What policies and frameworks have been adopted in India towards extreme heat risk management?","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 Discuss how emerging technologies and globalization contribute to terror financing. Elaborate measures to tackle the menace of terror financing both at national and international levels.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20) Explain the key components of the National Policy and Action Plan (2015) that have contributed to the significant decline of Left-Wing Extremism (LWE). What additional steps would you suggest to eliminate LWE in the near future?","15","250"]]},{"i":711,"t":"Samiksha Dwivedi","c":"Vision","p":"GS3","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/35fb8-1430179_2701_samiksha_dwivedi_rank_56.pdf","q":[[3,"1. What were the major advancements made in the field of science and technology in ancient India? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[5,"2. Explain how Buddhism underwent profound changes with its spread outside India.","10","150"],[7,"3. How does temple architecture in India reflect the philosophical and cultural aspects of society? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[9,"4. Discuss the contribution of Srimanta Sankardeya to the development of art and culture in 15th-century India. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[11,"5. How do the accounts provided by the Greek travellers hold relevance for understanding various aspects of ancient India? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[13,"6. Miniature painting flourished in different parts of India between 16th and 19th centuries. Discuss. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[15,"7. Why is there a need to preserve and revive the dying tribal art forms in India? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[17,"8. The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand can explain the outbreak of war, but not why it became a world war. Discuss.","10","150"],[19,"9. Compare and contrast Italian Fascism and German Nazism that emerged during the inter-war period. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[21,"10. How did the Industrial Revolution shape and influence the era of New Imperialism during the late 19th and early 20th centuries? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[23,"11. The Mughal era, which spanned from the 16th century to the mid-19th century, was a period of flourishing literary activity in India. Discuss. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[26,"12. How did architecture evolve under successive Pallava rulers? What was the contribution of Pallava architecture to the development of the Dravidian architectural style? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[29,"13. What insights into ancient Indian religious and cultural beliefs can be gained from studying rock-cut architecture? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[32,"14. How did India's position at the crossroads of ancient trade routes facilitate cultural exchange with multiple regions of the world? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[35,"15. How did temple architecture evolve under the Vijayanagara empire? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[38,"16. What are the main socio-cultural features of Indus Valley Civilization? Do you believe these elements are still a part of Indian society in modern times? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[41,"17. How did the USSR weld Communist unity in Eastern Europe? What are the factors that led to the collapse of Communism in Eastern Europe (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[44,"18. In what ways did Napoleon Bonaparte's rise to power and subsequent rule transform the socio-political landscape of Europe? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[47,"19 To what extent did the Anglo-French policy of appeasement contribute to the outbreak of the Second World War? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[50,"20. What are the factors that led to the Suez Crisis of 1956? How did it alter the regional balance of power? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"]]},{"i":706,"t":"Samiksha Dwivedi","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":2025,"r":56,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/SAMIKSHA-DWIVEDIUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-56-Sample-MGP-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) 'Unconscious biases in parenting continue to shape gendered experiences in India.' Do you agree with this view? Discuss.","10","150"],[5,"b) Distinguish between empathy and compassion. Why are they considered as foundational values in public services?","10","150"],[7,"Q.2) a) The current society is witnessing rising levels of intolerance. What are the consequences of this situation for personal well-being and for societal well-being? What can one do at the personal level to become tolerant?","10","150"],[9,"b) What are the main components of emotional intelligence and how does it help an individual in taking ethical decisions?","10","150"],[11,"Q.3) Given below are the three quotations of great thinkers. What do each of these quotations convey to you in the present context?\na) \"This life is short, the vanities of the world are transient, but they alone live who live for others, the rest are more dead than alive.\" - Swami Vivekanand","10","150"],[13,"b) \"If you cry because the sun has gone out of your life, your tears will prevent you from seeing the stars.\" - Rabindranath Tagore","10","150"],[15,"c) \"Two ways of building character - cultivating strength to challenge oppression, and tolerate the resultant hardships that give rise to courage and awareness.\" - Sardar Patel","10","150"],[17,"Q.4) a) \"With great power comes great responsibility.\" In the present context, 'Big Tech' headquartered in developed countries wield disproportionate influence over digital infrastructure, personal data, and global narratives---often prioritising profit over ethical considerations. What ethical principles should guide such corporations in building a fair, inclusive, and just global digital framework?","10","150"],[19,"b) What do you understand by the term 'crisis of conscience'? Describe an incident from your life where you experienced such a crisis. How did you deal with it?","10","150"],[21,"Q.5) a) \"A politics of confession that encourages politicians and parties to confess and offer regret for their errors can surely be a cathartic experience.\" Examine the statement from the ethical point of view.","10","150"],[23,"b) What are the key objectives of the Right to Information Act, 2005? Examine the ethical concerns associated with certain provisions of the Digital Personal Data Protection Act in realizing the objectives of the RTI Act.","10","150"],[25,"Q.6) a) Public spaces serve as arenas of democratic participation and civic expression. Yet in India, they remain deeply gendered, with many women largely confined to the private and domestic sphere. Examine the factors that restrict women's access to public spaces. How can ethical governance help address the issue of gendered spatial control and promote inclusivity in public spaces?","10","150"],[27,"b) Write short notes on the following in 30 words each:\ni) Ethical fading\nii) Conflict of interest\niii) Persuasion\niv) Work culture\nv) Corporate governance","10 marks, 150","30 words each"],[29,"Q.7) A State Government in the northeastern part of the country has launched a series of anti-encroachment drives across forest areas, wetlands, and revenue lands. Under the directions of the Chief Minister, the administration has intensified efforts to reclaim public land, particularly in areas reserved for ecological protection and critical infrastructure development. Most of the time, these actions have been backed by court orders and have resulted in the recovery of thousands of hectares of land. However, in certain regions, the implementation of such drives is fraught with social and political complexities. In several districts, settlements have existed for decades and are inhabited by marginalized communities with limited access to legal rights or formal rehabilitation measures. These areas are often politically sensitive and influenced by local leaders and pressure groups.\nSimanta is posted as Additional Deputy Commissioner (ADC) in one such district. Over the past year, the district administration has attempted to align eviction measures with welfare outreach, including the provision of temporary shelters, relocation assistance, and public consultations. Recently, a major operation was scheduled to clear encroachments from over 140 hectares of forest land within a Reserved Forest, primarily to curb rising instances of human-elephant conflict and to restore ecological balance. Anticipating eviction, some residents approached the High Court seeking a stay. However, the court refused to grant it and directed the administration to proceed with the eviction following due process. Notices were served, and a detailed roadmap was prepared to carry out the operation, which was expected to last 2-3 days due to the scale and remote location. On the first day, Simanta led a team comprising forest officials, municipal workers, and police personnel. Demolitions were conducted peacefully and without major resistance. However, on the second day, when the team returned to the site, a large group of agitated residents—primarily women and children—had gathered. They raised slogans and formed human chains to prevent further evictions. The atmosphere grew tense when some individuals began throwing stones, resulting in serious injury to a municipal worker. The crowd grew increasingly volatile and emotionally charged, demanding an immediate halt to the operation. The police contingent present on the ground was outnumbered by the crowd. Faced with this crisis, some team members pleaded with Simanta to call off the operation, fearing threats to their life and the possibility of a violent escalation. Simanta attempted to contact his superior officer (the Deputy Commissioner), but due to poor mobile connectivity in the forested area, communication could not be established. Meanwhile, several local journalists had arrived and begun reporting on the incident. Simanta is in a dilemma as to what to do.\na. Evaluate the options available with Simanta to cope with the situation.\nb. Which of the above options would be the most appropriate for Simanta and why?\nc. What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by Simanta?\nd. Examine the qualities of a public servant which will be required to manage such situations.","20","250"],[30,"a. स्थिति से निपटने के लिए सिमंता के पास उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन करें।\nb. सिमंता के लिए सबसे उपयुक्त होगा और क्यों?\nc. सिमंता को किन नैतिक दुविधाओं का सामना करना पड़ रहा है?\nd. ऐसी परिस्थितियों का प्रबंधन करने के लिए एक लोक सेवक के गुणों का परीक्षण करें।\na स्थिति से निपटने के लिए सिमंता के पास उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन करें।\nb सिमंता के लिए सबसे उपयुक्त होगा और क्यों?\nc सिमंता को किन नैतिक दुविधाओं का सामना करना पड़ रहा है?\nd ऐसी परिस्थितियों का प्रबंधन करने के लिए एक लोक सेवक के गुणों का परीक्षण करें।","20 अंक","250 शब्द"],[34,"Q.8) Megha is a first-year sociology student at a reputed college in the national capital. She is originally from Tadchiroli, a tribal village in a western Indian state. Megha's family migrated to the city when she was seven years old and had not visited their village since. Though Megha has fond memories of her childhood there, she never deeply understood the customs and traditions of the region. One day, Megha expresses her wish to visit Tadchiroli. Her father agrees and asks her to inform Ratan, her paternal uncle, who still lives in the village with his family. Megha informs Ratan and travels to the village during a semester break. Upon arrival, she receives a warm welcome from Ratan and his family. Later, Ratan invites her to attend a local festival. During the event, Megha notices that her cousin Rinki is missing. Curious, she asks Ratan's wife Ratna why Rinki is not at the festival. Ratna explains that Rinki is on her period, and as per tradition, menstruating girls must stay separately in small huts built specifically for the purpose. Locally known as 'kurma ghars', they are generally located on the periphery of the village, near a river or pond. She further adds that these girls are not allowed to enter the main house or participate in any social or religious activities. Megha is taken aback. She asks whether all women follow this practice. Ratna nods and says it has been the custom for generations. Even schoolgirls stay in these huts and miss classes during their periods. Ratna admits that many in the village, including herself, never questioned the practice. The explanation unsettles Megha. She finds it hard to believe that a natural biological function leads to such exclusion. Before returning to the city, Megha observes that even educated family members seem to accept and follow these customs. The experience leaves a deep impact on her. She starts reading more about menstrual taboos and their impact on women's health, dignity, and education. As a sociology student, she recognises how such traditions are linked to patriarchy and social stigma. She begins to reflect on what she can do at her level to improve the current situation, without alienating the community or disrespecting its traditions.\na. Suggest a course of action Megha can take to sensitize her village community without appearing disrespectful or confrontational.\nb. What ethical principles and methods should guide her actions while engaging with the community?\nc. How is menstruation related to human rights?","20","20"],[35,"a. मेघा द्वारा अपने गांव के समुदाय को असम्मानजनक या टकरावपूर्ण व्यवहार किए बिना संवेदनशील बनाने के लिए अपनाई जा सकने वाली कार्यवाही का सुझाव दीजिए।\nb. समुदाय के साथ जुड़ते समय उसके कार्यों को किन नैतिक सिद्धांतों और तरीकों से निर्देशित किया जाना चाहिए?\nc. मासिक धर्म मानव अधिकारों से किस प्रकार संबंधित है?","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[39,"Q.9 Gopal is an 80-year-old man living in a remote and an underdeveloped village in a Central Indian state. He had been residing in a small mud house for years. When he came to know about the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana-Gramin (PMAY-G), he saw a glimmer of hope for a pucca house in the last phase of his life. However, the village sarpanch and panchayat secretary told him that to be eligible under the scheme, he must first demolish his existing house so that during a site inspection, no structure would be visible at the location. Subsequently, Gopal demolished his shelter and began living under a babool tree. For nearly six months, he has been staying in the open, braving harsh weather conditions. During this time, he has repeatedly visited the panchayat office but has been told that his application cannot be processed as he lacks the necessary documents.\nYou are the officer-in-charge of implementing PMAY-G in the district. The case of Gopal reaches you through a prominent newspaper report. You personally visit him to understand the situation on the ground. After meeting him and listening to his account, you feel that he certainly needs support. Your enquiries confirm that he is truly destitute and living in a pitiable condition under the open sky. It is also established that he demolished his house based on a faulty interpretation of the scheme by panchayat officials. However, he has no documents to show that he fulfils the eligibility criteria under the scheme.\nNow you are in a dilemma. Including him under the scheme without the necessary documents would clearly be a violation of rules. But denying him support would be cruel and inhuman.\na Can you think of a rational way to resolve this dilemma?\nb Give your reasons for it.\nc What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?","20","250"],[44,"Q.10) You are working as an Assistant Section Officer in the District Development and Panchayat Office. One day, one of your close colleagues approaches you in deep distress. She tells you that her father is suffering from a severe liver condition, and the doctors have clearly stated that he must undergo liver transplant immediately in order to survive. She shares that she has no health insurance, and the surgery would cost around Rs 15 lakh. You are aware that her husband passed away a few years ago, and that she also has a four-year-old son with special needs. Just a few weeks ago, she also lost all her savings in a digital arrest scam. As a widow from a lower middle-class family, her options are extremely limited. Although you feel deeply empathetic, you are unable to offer financial assistance, as you do not have the resources to help. A few weeks later, you enquire about her father's health. She informs you that the liver transplant surgery was successful and that her father is now recovering steadily. Relieved, you ask how she managed to arrange the funds. Hesitantly, she confides that the District Development and Panchayat Officer (DDPO) helped her. Moved by her situation, the DDPO facilitated the release of Rs 15 lakh from the fund allocated to a rural sanitation scheme. The implementation of this scheme had been put on hold for a year due to technical issues and pending site approvals. She explains that the amount was provided on the assurance of strict confidentiality and with a commitment to repay it at the earliest. She expresses deep gratitude for the DDPO's timely help, which she believes saved her father's life. She has already begun repaying the money and will continue to do so until it is all returned.\na. Discuss the ethical issues involved in the case.\nb. Examine the behavior of DPDO from an ethical point of view.\nc. How would you react to the situation?","20","250"],[49,"Q.11) Nithin is the head of the Marketing Department at Pehnava Clothings Ltd., a reputed apparel manufacturing company with a strong global presence. Known for its professionalism and consistent performance, the company had earned a credible name in both domestic and international markets. However, the firm was going through difficult times. For three consecutive quarters, it had witnessed a steep decline in sales. This trend had raised serious concerns among the top management regarding the company's competitiveness, profitability, and long-term stability. To address the situation, the leadership decided to restructure the marketing division and bring in dynamic leadership. A senior marketing executive, Mr. A, was hired after a rigorous selection process. He had an impressive career record and was known for turning around sales performance in other firms and building strong brand identities. With high expectations placed upon him, Mr. A was seen as the key figure to steer the company out of crisis. Mr. A soon began delivering results. Within a year, the company's revenue had almost doubled, and its brand visibility had increased significantly. His bold marketing strategies, proactive outreach, and innovative campaigns received appreciation from various quarters within the company. His performance drew the attention of the top management. There were deliberations about assigning him a larger role within the company, with a focus on long-term business strategy. He was also being considered for an internal award for 'Excellence in Leadership and Innovation'. However, alongside professional success of Mr. A, Nithin began receiving troubling feedback about his conduct in the workplace. Informal reports indicated that he frequently made inappropriate comments about women. In addition, he regularly sent indecent messages via social media apps to all team members, including his female colleagues. Although no formal complaint was lodged initially, Nithin could sense tension within the team, and signs of discomfort were becoming increasingly apparent. Some employees even started avoiding direct interaction with Mr. A. Team morale and interpersonal trust were gradually eroding, but employees remained hesitant to speak openly. The matter escalated one evening when Mrs. X, one of Mr. A's team members approached Nithin. Visibly disturbed and emotionally shaken, she disclosed that Mr. A had repeatedly engaged in inappropriate behavior towards her. She added that Mr. A had been making undesirable advances towards her and had even tried to touch her inappropriately in his cabin. She urged Nithin to take appropriate action in the matter, or else she would have no option but to resign from her position.\na. Bring out the ethical issues involved in this case.\nb. What are the options available to Nithin?\nc. Critically examine each of the options identified by Nithin.\nd. Which of the options, do you think, would be more appropriate for Nithin to adopt and why?","20","20"],[50,"a. इस मामले में शामिल नैतिक प्रश्नों को स्पष्ट करें।\nb. नितिन के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\nc. नितिन द्वारा पहचाने गए प्रत्येक विकल्प का आलोचनात्मक परीक्षण करें।\nd. नितिन के लिए कौन सा विकल्प अपनाना अधिक उपयुक्त होगा और क्यों?","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[55,"Q.12) You are appointed as an officer heading the Air Quality Compliance Division of the Environment Pollution Control Board in Delhi-NCR. The region is witnessing alarming levels of air pollution, which typically worsen during the winter months due to various meteorological and anthropogenic factors. The situation has led to severe public health concerns, particularly affecting vulnerable groups such as the elderly, children, and those with respiratory illnesses. The Supreme Court has also raised serious concern over the deteriorating air quality in Delhi-NCR and has directed the administration to take immediate and effective measures to control pollution, especially during the winter months.\nYour jurisdiction has a large number of small and medium-scale industries that were granted environmental clearance over the years. These industries form the backbone of the local economy and provide employment to a significant number of migrant workers. However, recent inspections and air quality monitoring reports indicate that a significant number of these units are operating in violation of prescribed air emission norms. As part of targeted measures to curb air pollution, you issued notices to all identified polluting units, directing them to apply for fresh environmental clearance certificates from the competent authority.\nHowever, your decision triggered strong opposition from a section of industrial units, labour unions, and local politicians. Industrial owners argued that such action would lead to production shutdowns, financial losses, and shortages of their products in the market. Labour unions and workers also protested, fearing mass unemployment and livelihood insecurity. Local politicians and vested interests accused you of jeopardising the socio-economic stability of the region. You received representations from various quarters urging you to withdraw the notices and not initiate harsh measures, citing the interests of multiple stakeholders. Additionally, you began receiving anonymous threats, aimed at coercing you into reversing your decision. On the other hand, several of your colleagues supported your stance, encouraging you to act in the larger public interest. Several local NGOs and environmental groups rallied behind your actions, demanding the immediate closure of polluting units.\na. Under the given conditions, what are the options available to you?\nb. Critically evaluate each of the options listed by you.\nc. What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by you?","20","250"]]},{"i":709,"t":"Samiksha Dwivedi","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/0deab-01430179_4513_samiksha_dwivedi_rank_56.pdf","q":[[6,"1. (a) Compassion is the courageous choice to feel another's suffering as one's own, and to act upon it, even when silence is safer and indifference is easier. Examine the significance of compassion as an essential ethical value for civil servants in India. Illustrate your answer with suitable examples.","10","150"],[8,"1. (b) Marriages in India are transitioning from traditional sacramental unions to more autonomous relationships, reflected in live-in relationships and rising divorce rates. Discuss the ethical dimensions of these changes.","10","150"],[10,"2. (a) While accountability often necessitates documentation, an overemphasis on bureaucratic procedures and excessive paperwork can inadvertently silence the very voices that public policy intends to empower, particularly at the grassroots. Examine the above statement with suitable illustrations.","10","Answer in 150"],[12,"2. (b) The principle of impartiality may conflict with the need for compassion towards marginalized communities. Discuss in the context of civil services in India.","10","150"],[14,"3 (a) What do each of the following quotations mean to you?\n(a) \"The strength of a nation derives from the integrity of the home.\" - Confucius (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"3. (b) \"Act only according to that maxim through which you can at the same time will that it become a universal law.\"- Immanuel Kant (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[18,"3. (c) \"We are not only responsible for what we do, but also for what we fail to do\" - Molière. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[20,"4. (a) Patriotism encourages ethical questioning, while nationalism often suppresses it. Discuss this statement in light of the formation of political attitudes during high-pressure national events. How can individuals develop moral attitudes that balance national interest with ethical reasoning?","10","150"],[22,"4. (b) Discuss how employee well-being and fairness can be balanced with efficiency and profitability in private organisations.","10","150"],[24,"5. (a) Do you agree that excessive use of social media and emerging AI technologies may lead to a decline in emotional regulation and moral sensitivity among adolescents? Justify your answer.","10","150"],[26,"5. (b) In light of the increasing incidents of suicides among students in India, discuss how Emotional Intelligence (EI) can aid in managing stress and emotional challenges.","10","150"],[28,"6. (a) In public service, emotional intelligence is not about suppressing emotion, but mastering its purpose — to connect, to de-escalate, and to uplift others with empathy and strength. Do you agree with this view? Discuss.","10","150"],[30,"6. (b) An efficient work culture is built not only on rules, but on shared values. In this context, evaluate the role of leadership and team dynamics in transforming work culture within an organization.","10","150"],[32,"7 You are posted as the Joint Secretary in the Department of Information Technology of a state. The government recently implemented several citizen-centric digital services, collecting large volumes of personal data from residents. The Digital Personal Data Protection (DPDP) Act, 2023, requires that such data be processed only with explicit and informed consent, and mandates that processing must cease immediately upon withdrawal of consent.\n\nDuring an internal audit, you discover that the department continues to process and analyze personal data of several citizens even after they have formally withdrawn their consent. This data is being used for policy analytics and service improvement, purposes not explicitly disclosed at the time of data collection. When you bring this to the attention of your department head, you are informed that halting the processing will disrupt ongoing digital initiatives and may affect state-level performance metrics. Moreover, you find that the consent withdrawal process is cumbersome, and many citizens are unaware of their rights under the DPDP Act.\n\nYou also learn that a prominent social activist is planning to file a complaint with the Data Protection Board against involuntary use of personal data, which could attract public scrutiny and legal action against the department.\n(a) Identify and discuss the ethical issues involved in this case.\n(b) What are the potential consequences for the department if the issue is not addressed transparently?\n(c) How would you balance the need for efficient public service delivery with the obligation to protect citizens’ data rights? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[37,"8 You are an IAS officer, currently serving as the Secretary of the Public Works Department in a hill state. Recently, a disturbing incident has come to light involving a senior Cabinet Minister and two engineers of the National Highways Authority of India (NHAI). During an inspection of a critical highway project, the Minister was allegedly seen on video physically assaulting and verbally abusing the engineers in full public view. The video, recorded by bystanders, went viral on social media and was widely covered by television channels, sparking both outrage and support from different sections of society. The Minister later defended his actions, alleging that the officials were corrupt, unresponsive to local grievances, and responsible for inordinate delays in the project. He insisted that his actions were driven by public frustration and the urgency of delivering infrastructure to a remote region.\n\nHowever, the engineers have filed a police complaint and written to their superiors, claiming they were targeted for resisting political pressure to award contracts to specific local contractors linked to the Minister. As the situation escalated, a union of NHAI engineers declared a strike,\n(a) इस प्रकरण में शामिल प्रमुख नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं? हितधारकों और उनके परस्पर विरोधी हितों की पहचान कीजिए।\n(b) लोक निर्माण विभाग के सचिव के रूप में, आप उपयुक्त स्थिति में क्या कार्रवाई करेंगे?\n(c) ऐसी घटनाएं सिविल सेवकों के मनोबल और शासन में जनता के विश्वास को कैसे प्रभावित करती हैं? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250"],[38,"(a) What are the key ethical issues involved in this situation? Identify the stakeholders and their conflicting interests.\n(b) As the Secretary of the PWD, what actions will you take in above situation?\n(c) How do such incidents affect the morale of civil servants and public trust in governance? (Answer in 250 words)\na) What are the key ethical issues involved in this situation? Identify the stakeholders and their conflicting interests.\nb) As the Secretary of the PWD, what actions will you take in above situation?\nc) How do such incidents affect the morale of civil servants and public trust in governance?","20","250"],[42,"9 You are the Secretary in the Department of Personnel and Training (DoPT), Government of India. In recent years, an increasing number of civil servants, particularly younger officers from the IAS, IPS, and IRS, have begun maintaining personal YouTube channels and social media pages. On these platforms, they regularly post videos related to their official work — showcasing innovative projects, public outreach initiatives, inspection drives, and sometimes even day-to-day administrative duties.\n\nThese videos often receive widespread public attention, and many viewers express admiration, saying such content enhances transparency, motivates aspirants, and humanizes the bureaucracy. However, concerns have also emerged from various quarters. Senior officers argue that such content may blur the boundaries between personal branding and public service, while some citizens and media commentators point to instances where videos feature vulnerable beneficiaries without consent, raise concerns about misuse of official premises, or seem designed more for personal popularity than public accountability.\n(a) लोक सेवकों द्वारा अपने आधिकारिक कार्यों को सोशल मीडिया पर सार्वजनिक रूप से प्रदर्शित करने के कृत्यों में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों की पहचान कीजिए।\n(b) क्या ऐसी प्रवृत्तियां जागरूकता और प्रेरणा को प्रोत्साहन देती हैं या क्या ये अनामिता, तटस्थता और सामूहिक सेवा भावना के मूल्यों से समझौता करती हैं? अपना मत दीजिए।\n(c) सचिव के रूप में, लोक सेवकों की उत्तरदायित्व डिजिटल सहभागिता सुनिश्चित करने के लिए आप कौन-से मार्गदर्शक सिद्धांत और नीतिगत अनुशासन सुझाएंगे? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250"],[43,"You have been asked to prepare a report with recommendations to balance public interest, institutional integrity, and evolving modes of communication.\n(a) Identify the ethical issues involved in civil servants publicly showcasing their official work on social media.\n(b) Do such practices promote awareness and motivation, or do they compromise the values of anonymity, neutrality, and collective service ethos? Give your opinion.\n(c) As the Secretary, what guiding principles and policy recommendations would you suggest to ensure responsible digital engagement by civil servants? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[47,"10 You are the Director of the National Bioethics Commission who is responsible for assessing the ethical feasibility and oversight of a nationwide gene sequencing program. The project named GeneFuture, aims to sequence the DNA of every newborn child and store it in a centralized national database. The objective is to identify genetic predispositions to serious diseases early in life, allowing for preventive treatment and personalized medicine. Over 100,000 babies have already been enrolled in the pilot phase of the program. The government claims that this move is a landmark step in public health advancement.\n\nHowever, collection of newborn genetic data raises significant ethical concerns, particularly around informed consent, which may not fully capture parents' understanding of the long-term risks involved. Once gathered, this sensitive data could be misused for purposes such as surveillance, insurance discrimination, or commercial marketing by third parties. Uncertainty over data ownership—whether it lies with the state, parents, or the individual as they mature—further complicates the issue. The involvement of private tech and pharmaceutical companies heightens fears of commercial exploitation, especially in the absence of clear mechanisms for individuals to withdraw consent or delete their genetic information upon reaching adulthood.\n(a) What are the ethical issues you perceive in the implementation of the GeneFuture program?\n(b) Identify the conflicting interests of different stakeholders in this case.\n(c) What guiding ethical principles would you recommend for implementation of this project? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[48,"(10) The emerging technology of genome sequencing poses ethical question on data usage of newborn's genetic data\na) Ethical Issues","",""],[52,"11. You are a dedicated District Health Officer (DHO) with a strong commitment to evidence-based public health practices, recently assigned to a remote district in India. Your immediate and most critical task is to lead a crucial district-wide Measles-Rubella (MR) vaccination drive, aimed at achieving 100% immunization coverage among children aged 9 months to 15 years. The success of this drive is vital for the collective health of thousands of children and for the district's overall health indicators, especially with the impending monsoon season posing additional health challenges.\n\nHowever, in one of the largest and most traditional villages in your district, you encounter formidable resistance. The villagers, deeply influenced by the pronouncements of a revered local\n(a) उपयुक्त प्रकरण में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\n(b) इस विरोध को शांत करने के लिए आपके पास तत्काल क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\n(c) अंधविश्वास के व्यापक प्रभाव को दूर करने और संधारणीय लोक स्वास्थ्य परिणामों हेतु वैज्ञानिक सोच को बढ़ावा देने के लिए आप कौन-सी दीर्घकालिक रणनीतियाँ और प्रणालीगत सुधारों का सुझाव देंगे? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250"],[53,"(a) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the above case.\n(b) What are the immediate options available to you to overcome this resistance?\n(c) What long-term strategies and systemic reforms would you suggest to address the pervasive influence of superstition and foster a scientific temperament for sustainable public health outcomes? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[57,"12 (a) आपके समक्ष विद्यमान संभावित प्रशासनिक और नैतिक दुविधाएं क्या हैं?\n(b) आपके लिए उपलब्ध सभी विकल्पों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\n(c) आप अपने निर्णय का नैतिक औचित्य सिद्ध करते हुए कौन-सी व्यापक कार्यवाही करेंगे? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)\na) आपके समक्ष विद्यमान संभावित प्रशासनिक और नैतिक दुविधाएं क्या हैं?\nb) आपके लिए उपलब्ध सभी विकल्पों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\nc) आप अपने निर्णय का नैतिक औचित्य सिद्ध करते हुए कौन-सी व्यापक कार्यवाही करेंगे? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250"],[58,"(a) What are the potential administrative and ethical dilemmas you face?\n(b) Discuss all options available to you.\n(c) What comprehensive course of action would you choose to adopt, providing ethical justification for your decision? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"]]},{"i":710,"t":"Samiksha Dwivedi","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/8f29e-1430179_2716_samiksha_dwivedi_rank_56.pdf","q":[[3,"1. (a) The consequences of ethical actions are shaped by the intent behind them, but good intentions may lead to unintended harm. Examine this statement with suitable examples. Is it correct to decide rightness or wrongness of an act by looking at the intention of the person who carries it out? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[5,"1. (b) The persistence of dowry in Indian society reflects deeper issues of lack of sensitivity as well as institutional apathy. Discuss how ethical transformation is more important than mere legal enforcement in such cases.","10","150"],[7,"2. (a) Probity in governance is not just about laws, but about ethical leadership. Discuss this statement in the context of challenges faced by public officials in high-stakes situations.","10","150"],[9,"2. (b) Ethical governance is not merely about avoiding wrongdoing, it is about proactively fostering an environment where ethical conduct is the norm. Discuss.","10","150"],[11,"3 (a) Given below are three quotations of great thinkers. What do each of these quotations convey to you in the present context?\n(a) \"You may never know what results come of your actions. But if you do nothing, there will be no result.\" - Mahatma Gandhi (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[13,"3. (b) \"Man is the master weaver both of the inner garment of character and the outer garment of circumstance.\" - James Allen (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[15,"3. (c) \"The virtuous man is he who chooses the mean between excess and deficiency.\" - Aristotle (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[17,"4. (a) In an age of hyper-digital activity and constant online presence, discuss the need for developing Digital Emotional Intelligence (DEI) among individuals, especially public servants.","10","150"],[19,"4. (b) In the context of climate change, how can value-based persuasion be more effective than rule-based enforcement in changing public behaviour?","10","150"],[21,"5. (a) A company is only as ethical as the decisions it makes when it's under pressure. In light of this statement, discuss the ethical dilemmas faced by organizations during economic downturns.","10","150"],[23,"5. (b) Discuss the ethical implications of war-induced displacement of refugees. How should countries balance national interest with their moral responsibility towards refugees?","10","150"],[25,"6. (a) What teachings of Vardhaman Mahavira are most relevant today and why? Discuss.","10","150"],[27,"6. (b) Dedication to public service forms one of the foundational values for a civil servant. Discuss how it goes beyond professional duty. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[29,"7. In the following questions, carefully study the cases presented and then answer the questions that follow (in around 250 words):\n\nSiddharth, a 13-year-old school student, has been arrested for the fatal stabbing of his classmate Saumya after a series of bullying incidents at school and on social media. Investigations reveal that Siddharth was the target of a sustained cyberbullying campaign, including derogatory remarks and the circulation of his private images without consent.\n\nFurther inquiry reveals that Siddharth was under immense peer pressure and was handed a weapon by his classmates, who believed he would only use it to scare Saumya. Siddharth's emotional distress had gone unnoticed by both his parents and school authorities. The community is now sharply divided. While some blame the school's failure to intervene, others blame the role of digital platforms, and poor parenting.\n\nSiddharth's parents express regret for not noticing signs of emotional breakdown and possible online radicalization. The incident has triggered a wider debate on the ethical responsibilities of schools, parents, digital platforms, and the justice system when dealing with children and social media.\n(a) Discuss the key ethical issues involved in this case.\n(b) Analyze the role of peers in influencing adolescent decision-making.\n(c) Discuss the evolving nature of responsibilities of parents and schools in helping adolescents deal with situations of emotional distress.","20","Answer in 250"],[34,"8. You are the District Collector of Malinar, a coastal district in Kerala. The Government of India has recently implemented a nationwide ban on bottom trawling under the Marine Fisheries (Regulation & Management) Rules, 2024, citing serious ecological damage caused by the practice.\n\nHowever, in Malinar district, a majority of the traditional fishing community has relied solely on bottom trawling for decades. Most fishermen possess only trawling boats and lack the training or resources to transition to alternative practices. The situation has intensified ahead of the upcoming United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) \"Oceans for Tomorrow\" Conference to be hosted in Kochi. The central government wants to showcase strict enforcement and marine conservation achievements. You receive a formal directive from the State Secretariat to take strict legal action, including seizure of boats and arrests, against fishermen found violating the ban.\n\nSimultaneously, a confidential note warns you that any negative media attention or footage of illegal trawling from your district could \"embarrass the state\" and jeopardize national image at the global forum.\n\nLocal tensions rise as environmental NGOs begin posting satellite-based evidence of illegal trawling. Fishermen's cooperatives are protesting, arguing that they have no alternative source of income, and any seizure of boats will push hundreds into destitution. They threaten to block access to the district harbour and dump fish waste outside government offices if strict enforcement continues.\n(a) Who are the principal stakeholders in this case? Analyse their perspectives and conflicting interests.\n(b) As the District Collector, what are the various options available to you to address the situation? Evaluate the merits and demerits of each option.\n(c) What course of action would you take and why? Justify your decision. (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[39,"9. You are a senior researcher at a prominent cosmetic company, responsible for overseeing the testing phase of a new anti-aging product. The company proposes using mice to assess the safety and efficacy of the product. However, there is growing public concern over animal testing, particularly from animal rights groups, which argue that using animals for cosmetic testing is both cruel and unnecessary. Further, regulatory bodies have established strict procedures that cosmetic companies must follow to ensure safety for consumers. You, being a proponent of ethical practices, are conflicted between meeting the company's market deadlines and adhering to your personal beliefs regarding animal rights. You are also bound by the stringent procedures established by regulatory bodies. However, the company is facing year-on-year losses due to intense competition. An internal marketing study reveals increasing demand for anti-aging products and test on mice is the fastest method to achieve reliable results. Although the company has guidelines for humane treatment of animals, you feel uneasy about the ethical implications of using animals, especially given the availability of alternative testing methods like in-vitro testing and 3D human skin models.\n(a) What are the key ethical dilemmas you face in using animals for cosmetic research?\n(b) What are the options available to you in this scenario? Which option should you choose and why?\n(c) What measures can you propose to reduce the reliance on animal testing in the company's future research? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[44,"10. Mohit is the Deputy Commissioner of a prominent industrial district in India. The largest industrial unit in this district is a steel making public sector undertaking which was established three decades ago.\n\nDuring the establishment of the PSU, large number of families were displaced and in return they were promised jobs in this unit. Subsequently, a large group of displaced youth was also trained under the PSU's apprenticeship programme.\n\nWhile the PSU had assured them jobs after completing apprenticeship training, most trained individuals remained unemployed, with many now over 45 years old and unable to find jobs elsewhere. For nine years, the unemployed individuals have been demanding permanent employment but to no avail.\n\nFinally, they resorted to protests outside the establishment. The protesters blocked the main gate, obstructing employee movement and disrupting operations. The Central Industrial Security Force (CISF) resorted to a lathi charge to disperse the crowd, resulting in the death of a 23-year-old protester. The protests escalated, with demonstrators damaging a canal supplying water to the plant.\n\nThe steel plant is a thermo-sensitive facility with highly sensitive gas pipelines, and any leak could pose a serious threat to public safety. Further, with the blockade continuing for over 18 hours, nearly 5,000 employees remain trapped inside without access to food and water, significantly impacting plant operations.\n\nMohit needs to placate the protestors as they are threatening to go on a prolonged protest. At the same time, the plant should be kept operational to prevent any critical industrial and public safety risk.\n(a) What are the ethical dilemmas that Mohit faces?\n(b) Discuss all the options available to Mohit as the Deputy Commissioner.\n(c) What course of action should Mohit take given the critical nature of the situation?","","Answer in 250"],[49,"11. You have recently been appointed as the Chief Secretary of a state. Soon after, you receive multiple reports highlighting instances of unprofessional conduct by several civil servants, including officers of the All India Services. These include publicly displaying political allegiance at government functions, engaging in culturally inappropriate gestures such as touching political leaders' feet, and posting controversial or sensitive opinions on social media platforms that could be interpreted as partisan and breach of civil service norms.\n\nThese actions have triggered criticism from the public and media, raising concerns about the erosion of the neutrality, integrity, and discipline expected of public servants. You believe that these actions, if left unchecked, could damage the credibility of the administration and the trust reposed in it by the people.\n\nYou now face the challenge of taking corrective measures to ensure that such incidents are not repeated, while also maintaining morale within the services and avoiding overly harsh or demotivating actions.\n(a) What are the ethical concerns in this case?\n(b) As the Chief Secretary, what steps should you take to address the situation?\n(c) How can a balance be maintained between respecting personal freedom and upholding professional standards of civil servants? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[54,"12. You are the newly appointed Superintendent of Police (SP) of Puri district, Odisha, brought in after a tragic stampede during the recent Rath Yatra festival that claimed three lives and injured over fifty devotees. An official inquiry cited serious lapses in crowd control, poor coordination among police units, and the controversial prioritization of VIP access over the safety of ordinary devotees as contributing factors.\n\nWith three more major rituals of the Rath Yatra scheduled over the next week, and a turnout expected to cross 10 lakh devotees, you are tasked with ensuring foolproof security and achieving zero casualties. As you prepare the revised plan for crowd management, you are faced with a new challenge: a senior cabinet minister's office sends a firm message requesting unrestricted VIP access for several high-profile guests, citing their contributions to temple development. The minister emphasizes that these guests must be given safe, fast-track access to the rituals—particularly during peak hours—for \"security and protocol reasons.\" You are discreetly informed that failure to comply may reflect poorly on your \"team spirit\" and \"coordination.\"\n\nHowever, in coordination meetings, your technical team strongly recommends a complete ban on VIP movement as well as restricted public access during peak hours. Your technical team reiterates that strict movement controls and complete exclusion of VIP corridors during peak hours are essential to prevent another tragedy. Even a group of local journalists and civil society activists approach you to acknowledge institutional lapses earlier and ban all elite access in solidarity with the victims' families, failing which, they threaten to make public compelling evidence that police personnel ignored crowd warnings during the stampede.\n\nMoreover, there is also discomfort among religious leaders of the area regarding heavy restrictions, fearing it may disturb centuries-old ritual sanctity. You must now take a final decision that could either uphold the principle of equity and public safety or preserve traditional hierarchies and personal rapport with the political leadership.\n(a) What are the ethical dilemmas that you face?\n(b) What are the options available to you to cope with this situation?\n(c) Which of the options, do you think, would be the most appropriate for you to adopt and why?\n(d) What systemic reforms would you suggest for the long-term resolution of such challenges in managing large religious gatherings, particularly concerning VIP access as well as public safety? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"]]},{"i":714,"t":"Sandeep Singh","c":"Nextias","p":"Essay","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/a4911661fb63cf32bd7e1d24c76e3051/39/pttp220517_tc063.pdf","q":[[1,"Q.1 Little strokes fell great oaks.\nQ.2 Judge a man by his questions rather than his answers.\nQ.3 Great principles, great ideals know no nationality.\nQ.4 In struggling with misfortune lies the true proof of virtue.","",""],[8,"Given these reasons, how can one then continue to struggle with misfortunes without giving up?","",""],[12,"Q.5 The whole purpose of Education is to turn mirrors into windows.\nQ.6 To dwell is to garden.\nQ.7 Reality is the shadow of ideas.\nQ.8 We can not despair of humanity, since we ourselves are human beings.","",""],[18,"What must we do to restore trust back on humanity?","",""]]},{"i":715,"t":"Sandeep Singh Shekhawat","c":"Forumias","p":"Essay","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/SANDEEP-SINGH-SHEKHAWATUPSC_IAS_2025_Toppers_AIR_369_Sample_ESSAY_COPY_1.pdf","q":[[2,"Write two essays, choosing one topic from each of the following Section A and B in about 1000 - 1200 words each. 125*2 = 250 Marks\nSECTION - A 1. True leadership lies in serving not ruling.\n2. Democracy is not just the right to vote, it is the right to live in dignity.\n3. Growing regional aspirations and demand for greater autonomy: A challenge to Indian federalism.\n4. The ballot is stronger than the bullet.\nSECTION - B 1. The great aim of education is not knowledge but action.\n2. The global south must redefine development through cooperation and justice.\n3. There is no health without mental health.\n4. If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich.","125*2 = 250","about 1000 - 1200 words each"],[12,"How to ensure dignity in a democratic setup? What are supplementary things to the right to vote?","",""],[22,"How can this be tackled?","",""],[26,"How those interventions are to be made?","",""]]},{"i":716,"t":"Sandeep Singh Shekhawat","c":"Forumias","p":"GS3","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/SANDEEP-SINGH-SHEKHAWATUPSC_IAS_2025_Toppers_AIR_369_Sample_MGP_COPY_3.pdf","q":[[2,"Q.1 Foreign trade is an important milestone on the path of becoming a 5 trillion USD economy. In this context, analyse the potential of the recently released Foreign Trade Policy, 2023 in revamping India's participation in global trade.","10","150"],[3,"Q.6 What are the impediments in management of E-waste in the country? In what ways can the trinity of citizens, businesses, and the government tackle this menace?","10","150"],[4,"Q.13 How is internationalisation of rupee different from De-Dollarisation? Highlighting the benefits of internationalisation of rupee, discuss the challenges associated with the same.","15","250"],[5,"Q.19 What do you understand by the term 'Hybrid warfare.' Highlighting its implications for India, recommend measures to develop a comprehensive ecosystem to counter the same.","15","250"],[6,"Q.1 Recently, New Foreign Trade policy of India was unveiled by ministry of commerce.\n(1) Boost exports of India\n(2) Latest technologies and developments\n(3) Spur FDI in India","",""],[9,"What can be done?","",""],[11,"What can be done?","",""],[13,"What can be done?","",""],[32,"Q.14 PACS (Primary Agricultural Credit Societies) are the 3rd tier decentralized institutions of Cooperative credit disbursal in rural India.","",""],[37,"What more can be done?\n1 Rationalization of Urea subsidy\n2 Promote inhibiting enzymes like Nitase that slow down urea absorption\n3 Nutrient Based subsidy for Urea\n4 Use of digital technologies","",""],[45,"Q.19 Hybrid warfare refers to the multidimensional, multi-theatre attack on any country, involving both hard and hidden weapons and enemies.","",""]]},{"i":1023,"t":"Sanjita Mohapatra","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1P_8X-Rw0F-hpvQP6J1moB4fKw8fnwKTK/view","q":[[3,"1. (a) What does 'publicness' of public sector indicate? Comment on the blurring of lines between public and private sector in the wake of increasing role of private sector to deliver services to the public.","10","not more than 150"],[5,"1. (b) Giving examples of some social ills plaguing the society, discuss how social persuasion can be an effective technique to overcome them.","10",""],[7,"2. The grievance redressal mechanism is the gauge to measure efficiency and effectiveness as it provides important feedback on the working of the administration. In this context, answer the following questions:\n(a) Identify the issues which have created barriers for a responsive redressal mechanism.","10",""],[9,"2. (b) What steps should be taken by the government for establishing an effective grievance redressal mechanism?","10",""],[13,"3. (b) \"Not everybody can be famous, but everybody can be great because greatness is determined by service\"- Martin Luther King.","10",""],[15,"4. (a) Explain why superstitious beliefs and practices abound in India. In this context, discuss the importance of inculcating scientific temper to remove superstitions.","10",""],[17,"4. (b) Simply labelling people as liberal or conservative is to miss the point that an individual can have divergent views on different issues. Explain with examples.","10",""],[19,"5 (a) Anti-corruption measures need focus on both demand as well as supply side of corruption. Discuss in the light of prevalence of 'collusive corruption' in India.","10",""],[21,"5. (b) Identify the various traits of work culture associated with government organisations in India. Also, suggest ways in which a healthy work culture can be created to meet the objectives of good-governance.","10",""],[23,"6. Citizen's charters can be both a stimulus and a means for government to raise the standards of Public Service delivery. Discuss.","10",""],[25,"7. Attitude and behaviour are so closely interwoven that a change in one inevitably influences the other. Explain the statement with examples.","10",""],[27,"8. Emotional intelligence is an important parameter as one aspires to move up the ladder in a competitive environment. Discuss.","10",""],[29,"9. Rapid growth of information and communication technology, with all its benefits, has associated risks and far-reaching consequences. The government has constituted a committee to frame guidelines for an inclusive and safe cyberspace in India. The committee has solicited public opinion in this regard. As a concerned citizen, you have to give your suggestions on the following themes:\n(a) Why do you think some people or a set of people are more vulnerable to cyber threats with special emphasis on cyber-bullying.\n(b) Do you think the experiences and exposure in cyberspace are an important influence in a person's attitude and behaviour?\n(c) What reasonable restrictions can be applied to make cyberspace more safe and friendly to all citizens?","20","around 250"],[34,"10. You are serving as the Public Health Officer in a district that is lagging behind in achieving the Open Defecation Free (ODF) status. Even after ensuring adequate access to water and sanitation services, their usage has not spread and the practice of open defecation continues in the district. Despite serious extension efforts by the government, safe hygienic practices have not been adopted by the people. As a result, various instances of bacteriological contamination and water-borne diseases have surfaced up recently. In such a scenario:\n(a) Examine the reasons behind low usage and adoption rates of built toilets in India?\n(b) Highlighting the principles to be kept in mind while preparing an effective Information, Education and Communication (IEC) strategy, design an action plan to address the problem.","20",""],[35,"a) Reasons behind low usage and adoption rates of built toilets:\ni) Religious belief - which considers the waste out of human body as a pollution, hence building toilets inside the house premises, naturally pollutes the environment.\nii) Financial constraint - to build toilets. Even though government has provided sum for building toilets, it is at times either inadequate or delayed which demotivates the people.\niii) Water availability constraint is the biggest impediment faced by people in the remote area.\niv) The safe disposal of sewerage without adequate supporting infrastructure e.g complete sewerage connection.","",""],[39,"11. You are the District Magistrate of a district that is known for making combustible substances such as match boxes and fire crackers. As per the The Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Amendment Act, 2016, employment of children in such hazardous activities is prohibited. In this regard, government has also released a notification that owners of these manufacturing units need to report on the profiles of their employees annually as child labour has been prevalent in these industries. These manufacturing units, abiding by the directives of the government, publish such reports annually and claim to have successfully put an end to employment of child labour. However, it has been brought to your notice that these companies are taking advantage of a loopholes in the law. They have been outsourcing their hiring to independent contractors who engage families in the business. The families have been continuing to use child labour to supplement their income and also keep the cost of labour competitive so as to bag more such contracts and since they are not officially on the payroll of the companies, they are absolved of the legal liabilities.\n(a) Identify the ethical issues in this case.\n(b) How would you approach the problem and what would be the main elements of your action?","20",""],[44,"12. You are working as a Block Development Officer (BDO) in a state and the Lok Sabha elections are around the corner. Two months prior to the elections, a grand rally of a leader from the political party ruling the state is being organized in the neighboring district. All BDOs have received an oral order from the Chief Development Officer directing them to arrange five buses each full of people, who are also beneficiaries of a government's flagship scheme, from their development block to be sent to the rally. The BDOs have to bear the cost of the buses out of the government fund earmarked for development purposes and motivate the people to participate in the rally, so that maximum possible participation level can be ensured. In this context, answer the following:\n(a) As a civil servant, what values should guide your response in such a situation?\n(b) Identify the various options that are available to you?\n(c) What course of action would you choose and why?","20",""],[49,"13 You are serving as a District Magistrate in a district which is prone to recurrent droughts. The issue of scarcity of water is aggravating year by year. Even during the years of surplus rainfall, the district has witnessed droughts, mainly due to cultivation of water guzzling crops. It is evident that water scarcity is one of the main reasons for backwardness of the district. Recognising this, the state government decided to withdraw some incentives given for cultivation of such crops and incentivise a cropping pattern more suitable to the agro-climatic conditions of this region. However, anticipating worsening of their economic condition in such times, the farmers have taken to protesting on the streets. Despite such a well intentioned move by the government, the farmers feel that response of the state administration has been anti-farmer and cruel. Given the situation, answer the following questions:\n(a) Do you think there is a real conflict between interests of the farmers and the state?\n(b) What immediate steps can be taken by the government in pursuance of public interest as identified above?","20",""],[54,"14. Many Indian cities are facing a major problem of management of household waste. Huge volume of wastes have meant that landfill sites are facing the problem of overcapacity. On the other hand, the waste-to-energy plants constructed to solve the problem are also facing flak due to their inefficiency and release of poisonous pollutants. The manner of waste disposal by people is identified as one of the main reasons behind this problem. The government has notified rules regarding disposal, collection and treatment of waste and has initiated numerous awareness campaigns in the past. Still, the problem does not seem to be getting under control. Given such a situation, answer the following questions:\n(a) What do you think is the reason behind the apathy of people towards issues like waste disposal that affect the larger interests of society in general?\n(b) Identify the stakeholders and the significance of their involvement in addressing the issue.","20",""],[55,"a) Reason behind the apathy of people towards waste disposal","",""]]},{"i":1024,"t":"Sanjita Mohapatra","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1aKgMBVSTIiX-S-nHNer_cpx74xFBClHL/view","q":[[3,"1. Given below are two quotations. For each of these bring out what it means to you in the present context.\n(a) The golden rule of conduct is mutual toleration, seeing that we will never all think alike and we shall always see Truth in fragment and from different points of vision. Mahatma Gandhi.","10","not more than 150 words each"],[5,"1. (b) The mind of the superior man is conversant with righteousness; the mind of the mean man is conversant with gain. Confucius.","10",""],[7,"2. (a) Impersonal management, a characteristic feature of a Weberian bureaucracy, develops over time into indifference, especially with regard to weaker sections of the society. Critically discuss.","10",""],[9,"2. (b) In pursuit of political power, means are often compromised that leads to competitive reliance on unethical practices resulting in erosion of public trust. Discuss.","10",""],[11,"3. (a) It takes more than a corporate governance policy to inspire ethical behavior and sustain a truly ethical workplace. Discuss.","10",""],[13,"3. (b) \"Law should be so succinct that it can be carried in the pocket of the coat and it should be so simple that it can be understood by a peasant.\" Discuss.","10",""],[15,"4. (a) Ethics in international relations has the potential to cater to the diplomatic challenges of 21st century. Examine.","10",""],[17,"4. (b) Nolan Committee provides for one of the most comprehensive statements of what constitutes ethical standards for holders of public office. Elaborate.","10",""],[19,"5. (a) The sharper the socio-economic disparities, the greater the incentive towards corruption. Analyse.","10",""],[21,"5. (b) The moral worth of an action depends not on the consequences that flow from it, but on its motivation. Explain the statement with the help of suitable examples.","10",""],[23,"6. The universal adoption of common good approach poses the ethical dilemma of putting collective interests over and above the individual interests. Discuss with examples.","10",""],[25,"7. Compassion should never be considered as weakness, but rather as an essential element for providing a congenial administrative working environment. Discuss.","10",""],[27,"8. Explain what you understand by the following values and discuss their importance for civil services:\n(a) Professionalism","10",""],[29,"9. There have been widespread protests both in favour of and against advancing reservation in educational institutions and government jobs to a certain section of the society. You are the chairman of a high level commission that was constituted to look into the matter. The commission has found no compelling reasons to provide reservation to this section and is about to submit its final report to the government. Meanwhile, the government takes the decision to extend reservation to the section, turning the commission's findings inconsequential. You have also been requested to ensure that the final report supports the government's decision.\n(a) Discuss the dilemma that you face in this situation?\n(b) What course of action would you adopt and why?\n(c) Also discuss the ethical issues involved with the policy of affirmative action in India.","20","in around 250"],[34,"10. You are an honest and responsible civil servant. You often observe the following:\n(a) If one wants to remain effective and powerful to create impact on the lives of people, one should remain loyal to those in power.\n(b) Following ethical means may not be practical and effective at all times.\n(c) Petty corruption expedites the service delivery.\nExamine the above statements with their merits and demerits.\na) If one wants to remain effective and powerful to create impact on the lives of people, one should remain loyal to those in power.\nb) Following ethical means may not be practical and effective at all times.\nc) Petty corruption expedites the service delivery.","20",""],[39,"11. Recently, two national level sportspersons who are integral members of their team, made some comments in a talk show which were perceived as being grossly misogynistic and racist. This created a huge controversy and they were temporarily suspended from the team pending an enquiry. In light of these events, answer the following questions:\n(a) Do you think public figures have an additional responsibility in so far as expressing their views on matters of public importance is concerned? Give reasons.\n(b) According to you, what are the reasons that some prominent public figures make such misogynistic comments, and even get away without any consequences?\n(c) As the person in charge to enquire into the conduct, what factors would you consider to examine it and what punishment, if any, would you prescribe in this specific case?","20",""],[44,"12. There are large number of leather industries in a major industrial town of India. They provide employment to large number of people and are also a prominent source of revenue for the state. Lately it has been observed that despite following the present emission control rules, the collective ecological footprint of these industries remains quite high affecting the surrounding areas in an adverse manner. The new technologies available for emission control are quite costly and thus acts as a disincentive for the owners of the industries for adopting them.\nIn light of this information, the government is contemplating the following options:\n(a) Shutting down the industries in the region\n(b) Relocating the industries to a new region\n(c) Making the emission control rules stricter\n(d) Providing incentives to the industry owners for adoption of new technology.\nAnalyse the above options in terms of their merits and demerits. What course of action would you choose and why?\na) Shutting down the industries in the region\nb) Relocating the industries to a new region\nc) Making the emission control rules stricter\nd) Providing incentives to the industry owners for adoption of new technology.","20",""],[49,"13. Many coal mines in a district subject the workers to inhuman working conditions with little safety measures in place. As such, there have been several accidents and many workers have died in the past. In recognition of a recent accident where fifteen workers were trapped and died, the National Green Tribunal has ordered for closure of all such mines. Some of them have shut down, but many still continue to operate by getting an exception from the government, sometimes using the unholy nexus of politicians-miners-bureaucrats. In absence of alternative employment, the locals have no other choice but to work in mines. The mine owners are in-fact inciting the workers to protest to simultaneously put a pressure on the state to completely overturn the ban. As a District Magistrate of this district, you have been asked by the State government to prepare a report on this issue and give recommendations to resolve it. In this regard, answer the following questions:\n(a) Identify the interests of State and analyse whether there may be a conflict amongst them?\n(b) Given that economic growth is often achieved with a large human cost, identify the principles and strategies which could be used in the given case to achieve desirable outcomes.","20",""],[54,"14. Recently you were posted as a District Magistrate of a predominantly agricultural district, which has been one of the best performers in agriculture since the last decade. In one of your field visits, you find that the large landowners, who are a socially, politically and economically powerful group, employ domestic helps and agriculture labour who are informally tied to them and have been working there since generations. In return, these workers are provided basic amenities like food and shelter apart from some money. However, you do sense a violation of basic human rights in this situation.\nIn light of the above case, answer the following questions:\n(a) Identify the stakeholders, their interests and ethical issues involved in the case.\n(b) How does denial of choice amount to violation of human rights?\n(c) What course of action would you take? Give reasons.","20",""]]},{"i":1025,"t":"Sanjita Mohapatra","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1dwOyPeC2TWP8eSCNSIieOurg5nsHGuuR/view","q":[[3,"1. (a) Highlighting the attributes of leadership, analyse why it is important for a civil servant.","10","not more than 150"],[5,"1. (b) A civil servant needs to be objective as well as empathetic. What do you understand by objectivity? Discuss its relationship with empathy.","10",""],[7,"2. (a) With rapidly increasing use of information technology, what according to you is the role of ethics in cyber space?","10",""],[9,"2. (b) Transparency in government organisations is an essential pre-condition for good governance. Elucidate.","10",""],[11,"3. Given below are quotations of moral thinkers/philosophers. Bring out what they mean to you in the present context:\n(a) A nation should not be judged by how it treats its highest citizens, but its lowest ones. Nelson Mandela","10",""],[13,"3. (b) The highest education is that which does not merely give us information but makes our life in harmony with all existence. Rabindranath Tagore","10",""],[15,"4. (a) For achieving success, attitude is equally, if not more important than ability. Discuss with the help of examples from your daily life.","10",""],[17,"4. (b) The core of high Emotional Intelligence is self-awareness. If you don't understand your own motivations and behaviours, it is nearly impossible to develop an understanding of others. Discuss with the help of appropriate examples.","10",""],[19,"5. (a) What do you understand by Integrity Pacts? Highlight the role they can play in bringing transparency in allotment of public contracts and ensuring proper utilization of public funds in India.","10",""],[21,"5. (b) In the context of rapid technological change, discuss the significance of inculcating moral and spiritual values in educational institutions.","10",""],[23,"6. Explain the main elements of integral humanism as propounded by Deen Dayal Upadhyay and highlight its contemporary relevance.","10",""],[25,"7. It is imperative for a country like India, that code of ethics should be implemented for civil servants on social media platforms as well. Discuss.","10",""],[27,"8. Discuss how effective corporate governance can ensure the equitable treatment of all stakeholders.","10",""],[29,"9. You are posted as the Superintendent of Police (SP) in a district of a state where alcohol prohibition has been imposed recently. The District Excise department has conducted many raids and seized liquor in large quantities, for which it has received state-wide public appreciation. A few months later reports surface in the media that in this district, hundreds of seized bottles of illicit liquor are missing from the government malkhanas or stores. As a result, the government is left red-faced. You are asked by the DM, who is the overall in-charge of the district excise setup, to investigate the matter. Upon investigation, you unearth a nexus of politicians and government officials who smuggled seized liquor and sold it through spurious means both inside and outside the state.\nIn this context, evaluate these options:\n1. Report your findings to the DM and seek instructions for further actions, stating clearly the criminal offences committed prima facie.\n2. Charge all accused under legal provisions and let the law take its own course.\n3. Being aware of the seriousness of the matter, discretely put the detailed investigation report in the public domain and expose the nexus.","20","around 250"],[34,"10. You are posted as a District Magistrate in a Left Wing Extremism (LWE) affected district. The district has witnessed many instances of violence by the naxalites in the past. It has been observed that instances of violence increase as the elections approach. You, as a Returning Officer, are responsible for the smooth conduct of elections. Soon after the announcement of elections, the naxalites gave a call for their boycott and have been threatening people to stay away from them. The people of the district are eager to exercise their voting rights but are scared of the impending acts of violence. Further, with threat to their lives and a low expected turnout, the other electoral officers are also reluctant to go to these areas.\nIn this context, answer the following:\n(a) Identify the civil service values that are crucial for working in such adversities.\n(b) Suggest a plan of action to ensure the conduct of free and fair elections in such a situation.","20",""],[39,"11. You are posted as a District Magistrate in a district, where many large factories and commercial establishments are located. One such factory is owned by one of your close friends. You visit each other's home frequently and are often seen in public together. Recently, media reported about poor working conditions in your friend's factory. Upon enquiry with the labor office, you come to know that the factory has witnessed frequent labour unrests in the past as well. However, the labour officer told you that he was hesitating to take any action due to your proximity with the owner of the factory. With reference to the facts of the case, answer the following questions:\n(a) Identifying the stakeholders and public cause, discuss the ethical issues involved in the case.\n(b) As the District Magistrate, what appropriate course of action will you take? Give reasons for the same.","20",""],[44,"12. You are a resident of a remote tribal district, where there is high incidence of malnutrition. As a remedial measure, the District Magistrate has initiated a programme to promote millet cultivation, especially on the lands currently lying fallow in the district. However, this well-intentioned move of the officer receives flak from the local tribals as this may not only change their age-old food habits, but also alter their traditional agricultural practices. They further cite lower remunerative prices of millets as another reason for continuing with their existing crop production pattern. As a civil servant aspirant, who has a keen interest in development of tribal areas, answer the following questions:\n(a) What according to you are the key issues and challenges involved in the above situation?\n(b) Identify the key stakeholders and their respective interests.\n(c) Suggest a course of action that the District Magistrate can take keeping in mind the larger tribal interests.","20",""],[49,"13. You have recently been posted as a District Labour Officer in a state, which derives a substantial revenue from tourism. You come to know that a big hotel in the area has not been paying wages as per the Minimum Wages Act. The hotel owner is a powerful local leader having contacts with many influential officials of the state. You have the power to take sou-moto cognizance of such violations and accordingly you initiate a preliminary enquiry into the matter. However, no worker is willing to come forward to lodge a formal complaint because they fear loss of employment. Meanwhile, your action has attracted notice of the higher authorities, and you are advised to drop the matter altogether. You are deeply concerned about the situation as it involves not only violation of the Minimum Wages Act but also denial of basic human rights of the worker.\n(a) Identify the issues involved in the given case.\n(b) Consider the options given below:\n1. Follow the informal advise of the higher authorities.\n2. Convince the owner of the hotel to take note of these violations and take appropriate remedial measures.\n3. Submit a detailed report on the matter highlighting violations of workers' rights and seek formal directions from the competent authority.\n4. Serve a notice to the hotel owner and initiate action as per your powers under the Minimum Wages Act.\n\nEvaluate the merits and demerits of each of these options and suggest your preferred course of action, giving reasons.","20",""],[51,"2) Convince the owner of hotel to take note of violations and take appropriate remedial measures :","",""],[53,"4) Serve a notice to hotel owner and initial action.","",""],[54,"14. You are the Chairman of a Committee, constituted by the government, to suggest measures to improve the quality of education in state-run schools. In view of the increasing dropout rate and the widening gap between students' learning ability in state-run and private schools, answer the following questions:\n(a) Examine the role of government in the education sector, especially providing primary and secondary education through state-run schools.\n(b) Identify the principles and values that would guide your recommendations in this regard.\n(c) Suggest some ways in which quality of education in state-run schools can be improved.","20",""],[56,"c) Ways to enhance quality of education in State run - schools:","",""]]},{"i":1026,"t":"Sanjita Mohapatra","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1-WIj6Bnjr09G4QVQMC9RpHUNKwk77duq/view","q":[[19,"Q.5) a) Emotional Intelligence as defined as David Goleman consists of the following 5 characteristics:  i) Self awareness  ii) Self Regulation  iii) Motivation  iv) Empathy  v) Social skill","",""],[23,"Q.6) a) Ethical challenges faced by civil servants in performance of their duty:\ni) doing the best for the people even at times disobeying the instructions of seniors if the need arises\nii) manifest or latent conflict of interest\niii) political pressure while performance of","",""],[33,"Q.8) Protest by doctors' offlate has become a glaring problem severely affecting the provision of essential services to people especially the ones who direly need it. Doctors are regarded next to God since they save lives. Their absence jeopardizes the lives of many.\na) The doctors and hospitals may be blamed for loss due to death in case of gross negligence displayed by them which has resulted in the death. In case the doctors/hospitals did not provide the necessary treatment or medicines to alleviate the suffering of the patient or to save his life, then they may be blamed.","",""],[45,"Q.11) a) Ethical dilemma faced by me in this situation is:\ni) duty to protect my people in the district from the cyclone vs duty to protect them from the prolonged Naxalite menace\nii) look after arrangements in the district for proper response vs attending the important security meeting\niii) performing my obligations towards the public vs obeying the senior","",""]]},{"i":717,"t":"Sanskriti Singh","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":2025,"r":165,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/SANSKRITI-SINGH-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-165-Sample-MGP-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[2,"Q.1) a) Rising influence of money power in Indian elections poses a serious challenge to transparency, fairness, and democratic accountability. How can ethical electoral funding be ensured to maintain the integrity of democracy?\nb) Explain the key dimensions of ethics that influence human behaviour. How do these dimensions shape ethical decision-making in private life?","10","150"],[3,"Q.4) a) What do you understand by the term ‘probity in governance’? Explain how probity acts as the foundation of ethical public administration.","10","150"],[4,"Q.6) a) What do you understand by the ‘voice of conscience’? In what ways can you prepare yourself to listen to the voice of conscience?\nb) Effective utilisation of public funds is not merely an administrative requirement but a moral responsibility of those entrusted with public office. However, instances of funds allocated to government schemes lying idle or being diverted towards extraneous purposes continue to be reported across the country. Examine the reasons for under-utilization and mis-utilization of public funds and their implications.","10 marks, 150","10"],[5,"Q.7) A rail overbridge (ROB) is being planned in the capital city of a central Indian state. The project aims to reduce traffic congestion and ease delays at railway crossings, which affect thousands of daily commuters. It had been a long-standing demand of local residents, and the government approved it to address persistent traffic bottlenecks in the area. The project is to be executed by the State Public Works Department (PWD), with a strict completion deadline of one year i.e. 31st July 2026. The PWD Minister, who is also the local MLA, is scheduled to inaugurate the project in the third week of August 2026. This is planned to take place shortly before the expected announcement of state elections. Ramesh has been selected as the project manager of this prestigious assignment on the basis of his professional competence and experience. While reviewing the approved design plans in preparation for execution, Ramesh identifies a serious flaw. The proposed alignment includes a sharp 90-degree turn, incorporated due to spatial constraints between an electrified railway line on one side and ongoing metro construction on the other. From a technical standpoint, Ramesh believes the design is unsafe. It increases the risk of vehicular accidents, especially for heavy vehicles, and may lead to long-term inconvenience for road users. Ramesh promptly raises the issue with the Chief Engineer. However, the Chief Engineer overrules the concern. He states that the General Arrangement Drawing (GAD) has already been approved by the Bridge Engineering Department, in coordination with Indian Railways. He points out that revisiting the design at this stage shall result in project delays, increased expenditure, and unwanted political attention. Subsequently, Ramesh comes to know that the contractor awarded the tender to execute the project is a close relative of the PWD Minister. He also receives unofficial communication suggesting that his promotion to Additional Chief Engineer is under active consideration, but could be jeopardised if he creates “unnecessary hurdles” in the project’s timely completion. The incumbent state government is eager to complete the overbridge before the elections and present it as a major developmental achievement. This adds to the pressure on Ramesh to expedite project execution without raising further objections. Nonetheless, he remains convinced that the current design is flawed and could have grave implications for public safety if left unaddressed. Meanwhile, the bridge design has also attracted widespread public attention after being published in a leading local newspaper. Images of the sharp 90-degree turn went viral on social media, drawing criticism and ridicule. Several engineering experts have publicly flagged the alignment as a potential safety hazard, reinforcing Ramesh’s concerns.\na) Under the given conditions, what are the options available to Ramesh as a project manager?\nb) What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by Ramesh?\nc) What are the professional challenges likely to be faced by Ramesh and his response to overcome such challenges?","20","20"],[6,"a), b), c) a) दी गई परिस्थितियों में, एक परियोजना प्रबंधक के रूप में रमेश के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\nb) रमेश को किन नैतिक दुविधाओं का सामना करना पड़ रहा है?\nc) रमेश को किन व्यावसायिक चुनौतियों का सामना करना पड़ सकता है तथा ऐसी चुनौतियों पर नियंत्रण पाने के लिए उसकी क्या प्रतिक्रिया होनी चाहिए?\na) दी गई परिस्थितियों में, एक परियोजना प्रबंधक के रूप में रमेश के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\nb) रमेश को किन नैतिक दुविधाओं का सामना करना पड़ रहा है?\nc) रमेश को किन व्यावसायिक चुनौतियों का सामना करना पड़ सकता है तथा ऐसी चुनौतियों पर नियंत्रण पाने के लिए उसकी क्या प्रतिक्रिया होनी चाहिए?","20 अंक","250 शब्द"],[7,"a) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\nb) Evaluate the options available to Srushti in the above situation.\nc) What suggestions would you make to help officers like Srushti maintain a healthy work-life balance.\na) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\nb) Evaluate the options available to Srushti in the above situation.\nc) What suggestions would you make to help officers like Srushti maintain a healthy work-life balance.","20","250"],[8,"Q.9 A reputed Indian beauty & personal care company developed a herbal skin cream for the international market, claiming anti-ageing and skin-repair properties based on traditional Ayurvedic formulations. After obtaining the necessary approvals and export certifications, the company began exporting the product. The product received widespread positive feedback for its quality and natural formulation, and soon became a huge hit in international markets. Riding on this success, the company announced that the product would soon be made available to domestic consumers, with almost the same quality and health benefits. Subsequently, it secured approval from the domestic regulatory authority and launched the product in the Indian market. Over time, the brand gained a significant share of the domestic market and earned substantial revenues both nationally and internationally. However, during a random sample check, officials discovered that the cream sold in India differed from the version approved by the competent authority. The product failed to meet the claimed herbal composition and purity standards. Further investigation revealed that the company had often been distributing batches that had failed export quality checks. The incident triggered widespread public criticism and regulatory scrutiny, leading to a sharp decline in the company’s reputation and financial performance.\na) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the case.\nb) What actions should the competent regulatory authority take against the personal care company for violating domestic quality standards and distributing rejected export batches in the Indian market?\nc) What course of action is available to the company to manage the crisis and restore public trust and brand credibility?","20","250"],[9,"Q.10 A forest fire has broken out in a hilly district and is rapidly spreading toward an eco-sensitive area that includes four villages (ESA villages). These villages lie along the forest fringe and are surrounded by difficult terrain. The region is known for its biodiversity and traditional forest-based livelihoods. The inhabitants of these villages are mostly poor tribal communities, dependent on forest resources for their sustenance.\nYou, as the District Magistrate of the area, have rushed to the spot with a medical team, police personnel, NGOs, media, and support staff to oversee the rescue and containment operations. Your disaster response team on the ground is small and poorly equipped. Reinforcements from the district headquarter have been requested, but they may take several hours to arrive due to the remoteness and challenging terrain.\nIn the meantime, a group of trained ex-forest guards and local youth from the villages offer to help. They are experienced and familiar with the area. However, existing government rules do not permit the engagement of unofficial personnel in fire control operations without formal clearance and insurance coverage.\nYour team members are divided on this issue. Some members argue that volunteers should be engaged immediately to prevent the fire from spreading. Others caution that involving them without proper approval and safety cover could be risky and against protocol.\nAs the District Magistrate, you are also the Chairperson of the District Disaster Management Authority (DDMA). The fire is spreading at a very rapid rate, and immediate action is required to protect lives, property, and the environment. You are now in a dilemma.\na) What are the options available to you?\nb) Critically evaluate each of the options identified by you.\nc) What option would you adopt and why?\nd) What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by you?","20","250"],[10,"Q.11 In one of the government primary schools located in a rural block of a district, the newly appointed headmistress observed an unusual practice. The school had been preparing and serving mid-day meals separately to students belonging to different communities. Although the meals were cooked using a common gas connection, separate utensils, cooking areas, and serving arrangements had been in place for more than two decades. Students from the two communities had their food cooked and served by different cooks and ate in separate classrooms, despite attending classes together. After taking charge, the headmistress decided to discontinue this practice. She directed that food be prepared and served together for all students, using a common kitchen and utensils. However, the decision triggered backlash. A considerable number of parents across communities vehemently opposed the move and stopped sending their children to school. Consequently, attendance fell by almost 60 percent. This also raised concerns regarding the possible discontinuation of the mid-day meal scheme, withdrawal of teaching staff, and even closure of the school due to falling enrolment. The issue has attracted attention from various political and social groups attempting to further polarise the situation and serve their vested interests.\nMarpi Apang, the District Education Officer (DEO), has been tasked by the Deputy Commissioner’s office to amicably resolve the matter at the earliest. She has also been directed to submit a detailed report along with the Action Taken Report within a fortnight.\na) Identify the ethical issues involved in this case.\nb) What course of action should Marpi adopt and why?\nc) What should be the responsibilities of different social segments and agencies to create positive social ambiance for accepting such changes?","20","250"],[11,"Q.12 You are a Municipal Commissioner of a tier-2 city experiencing rapid urban expansion. Several high-rise residential and commercial buildings are under construction in the city to meet the growing demand for housing. One such luxury residential complex is being built, employing hundreds of daily-wage labourers, many of whom live in temporary settlements at the construction site. Late one night during the monsoon season, a large section of scaffolding and concrete slabs collapses from the upper floors of one of the under-construction buildings. Seven labourers, including two minors, die on the spot. Several others are critically injured and rushed to the hospital. The tragic incident results in public outrage, intense media scrutiny, and protests by a local NGO. The state government orders a formal inquiry and directs you to submit a report within a week. Your preliminary investigation reveals a series of irregularities. The construction material used is substandard and not in accordance with the National Building Code. Although the approved plan permits construction of fifteen floors, the builder has illegally added two extra floors. Moreover, the structure has encroached on land demarcated for a community park and a fire service lane under the city’s Zonal Development Plan. These violations are not reported during site inspections conducted by the building inspector of the municipal corporation. The building clearance was granted during the tenure of your predecessor, who is not only your batchmate but also a close friend. Both of you were roommates during your training at LBSNAA. Prima facie, the case appears to involve a widespread nexus between officials of the Municipal Corporation and the builder. Your colleagues are putting pressure on you to go slow in the inquiry. Some of them suggest that holding the builder accountable could damage the city's image among investors and slow down urban development. Meanwhile, you come to know that the builder is the younger brother of a powerful minister in the state cabinet. One evening, his personal aide visits you privately. He suggests that the matter could be “mutually settled” and offers you a premium apartment worth ₹2 crore in the same residential complex. In the same breath, he hints that if the matter is not resolved swiftly in the builder’s favour, someone in his office is prepared to file a complaint against you under the SC and ST (Prevention of Atrocities) Act.\na) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the case.\nb) What are the options available to you in this situation?\nc) Explain your selected course of action.","20","20"],[12,"a) मामले में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा करें।\nb) इस स्थिति में आपके पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\nc) अपनी चुनी हुई कार्यवाही का विवरण दीजिए।\na) मामले में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा करें।\nb) इस स्थिति में आपके पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\nc) अपनी चुनी हुई कार्यवाही का विवरण दीजिए।","20 अंक","250 शब्द"],[23,"3b Difference between what we do and what we are capable of doing","",""],[29,"46 In ongoing Israel-Palestine war, which started in October 2023, starvation has been used as a weapon of war. Ethical considerations guiding powerful nations in preventing such actions","",""]]},{"i":718,"t":"Sanskriti Trivedy","c":"Vision","p":"GS1","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/9f6c1-1146808_2928_sanskriti_trivedy_rank_17.pdf","q":[[6,"1. How does tribal art provide valuable insights into the cultural perspectives and values of Indian tribal communities? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[8,"2. Compare and contrast the approach of Mahatma Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru towards the Indian freedom struggle. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[10,"3. What are the key factors that accelerated decolonization post-World War II? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[12,"4. How does human encroachment impact water bodies in urban areas? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[14,"5. How do physical geographical features influence the development and operation of transportation systems? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"6. How are ocean trenches formed? Describe the significant characteristics of these oceanic relief formations. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[18,"7. Identify the reasons behind increasing number of extreme rainfall events throughout India in recent times. Assess their socio-economic impact.","10","Answer in 150"],[20,"8. India is expected to have the largest working-age population in the world by 2030 and it cannot afford low participation of women in the workforce anymore. Discuss.","10","150"],[22,"9. Do you agree that there has been a progressive secularization of caste in India? Support your view with relevant examples. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[24,"10. Why is inequality increasing in India despite the fall in overall poverty? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[26,"11. How did the competitive and hostile dynamic between Brahminism and Buddhism over funding, followers, and ideology mark the decline of Buddhism? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[29,"12. European travellers' accounts in the medieval period have played an important role in shaping our understanding of the empires and people of that period in India. Comment.","15","250"],[31,"2) Write about extremely divided society and its yvame system leading to Asian Despotism work by K. Marx","",""],[32,"13. The British victory in the Battle of Plassey in 1757 not just changed the course of Indian history but also that of the world. Discuss.","15","Answer in 250"],[35,"14. Why was it more difficult to rehabilitate refugees in West Bengal as compared to Punjab after partition? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[38,"15. Discuss the economic and social costs associated with the transition from coal to green energy in India. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[41,"16. Explain the process of formation of volcanic calderas. How do they contribute to the scenic beauty of the region? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[44,"17. What are the reasons behind the increased frequency and intensity of heat waves globally? How will it impact global food security? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[47,"18. Identifying the characteristics of the grassland biome, mention the threats posed to Banni grasslands in India. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[50,"19. India's approach to secularism does not merely challenge inter-religious domination but intra-religious domination as well. Discuss.","15","Answer in 250"],[53,"20. Do you agree with the view that Indian cities are turning into landscapes of stark inequality and social exclusion? What steps can be taken to make urban areas more egalitarian in India? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"]]},{"i":719,"t":"Sanskriti Trivedy","c":"Vision","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/f1cbf-1146808_2929_sanskriti_trivedy_rank_17.pdf","q":[[6,"1. Expression of dissent is central to the functioning of the Parliament. In light of this, discuss the role of the Leader of Opposition (LoP) in India's parliamentary system. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[8,"2. How can the integration of technology into judicial processes enhance accessibility, capability, and efficiency in justice delivery? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[10,"3. The Supreme Court of India has upheld unique asymmetry in India's federalism by intricately balancing centralized authority and regional autonomy. Discuss with the help of relevant case laws. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[12,"4. Evaluate the effectiveness of the National Commission for Scheduled Castes in safeguarding the interests of the Scheduled Castes in India. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[14,"5. Executive accountability to the legislature through Parliamentary Committees has been the hallmark of the Indian political system. Comment. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"6. How can India make Citizens' Charter a powerful tool for improving governance and empowering citizens? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[18,"7. How do corporate donors aid NGOs in facilitating holistic development in India? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[20,"8. Despite its merits, should the POCSO Act be revisited to correct the existing inadequacies? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[22,"9. China's acquisition of strategic ports globally has significant implications for international trade routes and economic relations. Discuss.","10","Answer in 150"],[24,"10. What are the main functions of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)? How will its recent treaty on intellectual property, genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge benefit India? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[26,"11. While the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) plays a crucial role in combating corruption, its functioning is often criticized for being partisan and acting against the federal spirit. Discuss with the help of suitable examples.","15","250"],[29,"12. Governors in India often overstep their constitutional role and fail to act effectively when needed. Comment.","15","250"],[32,"13. Both India and the USA adhere to democratic principles but their electoral systems exhibit significant differences. What are the key differences in electoral practices between the two countries? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[35,"14. How far do you agree with the view that the National Green Tribunal (NGT) has met its objective of ensuring environmental justice in India?","15","Answer in 250"],[38,"15. Though Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) have become a platform for competitive politics, they have not emerged as an agency of planning and service delivery. Why? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[41,"16. What do you understand by interoperability in e-governance? What steps have been taken by the government to ensure interoperability and integration of various e-governance systems? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[44,"17. When it comes to sexual and reproductive health of women in India, rights-based discourse has largely been bypassed not just by the societal norms but also by the legal norms. Discuss.","15","Answer in 250"],[47,"18. How effective has India been in enhancing immunization coverage over the years? What challenges continue to affect immunization efforts in the country?","15","Answer in 250"],[50,"19. India used its Presidency of the G20 to bring the voice of the Global South to the centre stage. Discuss with special reference to Africa.","15","250"],[53,"20. India's relationship with the UAE has witnessed a remarkable expansion across various domains in the last decade. Discuss.","15","Answer in 250"]]},{"i":720,"t":"Sapna Chandel","c":"Forumias","p":"GS1","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/SAPNA-CHANDELUPSC_IAS_2025_Toppers_AIR_356_Sample_MGP_COPY_1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) What are the main features of Vedic society and religion? Do you think some of the features are still prevailing in Indian society?","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) The synthesis of Islamic architectural styles with elements from local Indian traditions contributed to the development of Indo-Islamic architecture in India. Discuss.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) What were the reasons behind the relative peace and lack of major international conflicts during the 1920s?","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) Discuss the significance of the 1998 Pokhran nuclear tests as a transformative moment in India's post-independence history.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) What were the reasons that the British emerged as the preeminent power after succeeding against other European powers in the Indian subcontinent?","10","150"],[13,"Q.6 \"The very policy that was meant to further subjugate Indians catalyzed free thought and questioned the notion of British superiority.\" Discuss in the context of British education policy in colonial India.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) How far do you agree with the view that Stalinism was just a continuation of Leninism?","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) The revolt of 1857 was far more than a mutiny, yet much less than the first war of independence. Do you agree? Substantiate your views.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9 Unemployment is not just an economic challenge, but a social one with far-reaching consequences. In this context, discuss the social impact of unemployment in the country.","10","150"],[23,"Q.1) What are the main features of Vedic society and religion? Do you think some of the features are still prevailing in Indian society?","10","150"],[25,"Q.2) The synthesis of Islamic architectural styles with elements from local Indian traditions contributed to the development of Indo-Islamic architecture in India. Discuss.","10","150"],[27,"Q.3) What were the reasons behind the relative peace and lack of major international conflicts during the 1920s?","10","150"],[29,"Q.4) Discuss the significance of the 1998 Pokhran nuclear tests as a transformative moment in India's post-independence history.","10","150"],[31,"Q.5) What were the reasons that the British emerged as the preeminent power after succeeding against other European powers in the Indian subcontinent?","10","150"],[33,"Q.6) \"The very policy that was meant to further subjugate Indians catalyzed free thought and questioned the notion of British superiority.\" Discuss in the context of British education policy in colonial India.","10","150"],[35,"Q.7) How far do you agree with the view that Stalinism was just a continuation of Leninism?","10","150"],[37,"Q.8 The revolt of 1857 was far more than a mutiny, yet much less than the first war of independence. Do you agree? Substantiate your views.","10","150"],[39,"Q.9 Unemployment is not just an economic challenge, but a social one with far-reaching consequences. In this context, discuss the social impact of unemployment in the country.","10","150"],[41,"Q.10 \"The socio-cultural consequences of the contact between tribal and non-tribal populations are complex and multifaceted.\" Examine.","10","150"],[43,"Q.11) Differentiate between the Nagara and Dravida styles of temple architecture. Explain how the Vesara architectural style creatively amalgamated architectural elements of both, while introducing innovative elements of its own.","15","250"],[46,"Q.12 Identify the key reasons behind British colonial intervention in Malaya in the 19th century. How did Malaya react to British colonial rule?","15","250"],[49,"Q.13) The integration of the Princely States into the Indian Union after partition involved overcoming significant administrative and socio-cultural hurdles. Discuss the statement with special emphasis on the integration of Hyderabad. Also, throw light on the role of Sardar Patel in the integration process.","15","250"],[52,"Q.14 Non-Cooperation-Khilafat Movement was a watershed event in the Indian freedom struggle, but it suffered from inherent limitations. Elaborate.","15","250"],[55,"Q.15 The Bhakti movement, emphasizing 'personal connection' to the divine, had a profound impact on various aspects of Indian society. Highlighting the main features of the Bhakti movement, discuss its contribution towards the development of vernacular languages across the country.","15","250"],[58,"Q.16 Discuss the developments in the field of art and architecture during the Mauryan period.","15","250"],[61,"Q.17 The German unification was achieved more by 'coal and iron' than by 'blood and iron'. Examine.","15","250"],[64,"Q.18 How do conventional gender roles and responsibilities make women more susceptible to the impacts of extreme heat conditions? What measures would you suggest reducing these vulnerabilities?","15","250"],[67,"Q.19 \"The changing nature of revolutionary extremism in the Indian national movement reflects a broader shift in political consciousness.\" Substantiate.","15","250"],[70,"Q.20 While there are extensive policies focused on equity and social justice, yet the underprivileged sections are deprived of full benefits of affirmative action guaranteed by the Constitution. Comment.","15","250"]]},{"i":721,"t":"Sapna Chandel","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/SAPNA-CHANDELUPSC_IAS_2025_Toppers_AIR_356_Sample_MGP_COPY_2.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) Why does the Constitution not provide for a conclusive say to the State Legislative Assemblies in the creation, bifurcation, or dissolution of a State?","10","150"],[5,"Q.2 Article 21 of the Indian Constitution broadly interprets the right to life and liberty. Elucidate with the help of relevant case laws.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) The 44th Amendment Act of 1978 served as a remedy to the draconian measures undertaken through the 42nd Amendment Act of 1976 during the 'Emergency'. Critically examine.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) The Election Commission is one of the three institutions whose independence is critical for the functioning of democracy. Discuss the evolution of office of the Election Commission of India (ECI) since its inception.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) To what extent have farmer associations been successful in influencing public policies and governance in the country?","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) The Presidents of India and USA differ not just the manner in which they are elected but also with respect to their powers. Elucidate.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) Strengthening the subordinate judiciary is vital for revitalizing the entire edifice of the Indian judicial system. Discuss. Also, examine the role of 'All India Judicial Services' (AIJS) in enhancing the effectiveness and efficiency of the Indian judiciary.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8 The office of the Speaker is not only a referee, but also an active player in the politics of government formation and survival, leading to controversies and criticisms. In this context, examine the need to bring reforms in the office of the speaker.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9 What do you understand by delimitation? Underlining the significance of delimitation exercise, throw light on the associated challenges.","10","150"],[20,"Two advantages to a family avoiding gerry mandring","",""],[21,"Q.10 'Central Vigilance Commission (CVC) is an independent body responsible only to the Parliament.' What are the provisions that ensure independence of CVC? Also, discuss the issues that limit its effectiveness in tackling corruption in the country's public administration.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11 Governor is neither a saboteur nor a sage; he is a constitutional functionary who needs to be solely loyal to the Constitution. Critically examine the statement in the light of recent events.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12) Critically examine the functioning of National Human Rights Commission of India (NHRC) as an apex institution entrusted with the protection of human rights in the country.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 The Representation of the People Acts, which serve as the foundation for clean electoral democracy, require relevant amendments to address contemporary challenges. Discuss with the help of relevant case laws.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14) How does the inability of local bodies to generate their own funds affect their ability to function effectively? Suggest necessary measures to empower local governments in generating independent revenue streams.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 Throw light on the various mechanisms for the settlement of disputes related to the equitable sharing of river water among states. Also, evaluate the effectiveness of these mechanisms in the resolution of inter-state river water disputes in the country.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16 \"Parliamentary democracy would be incomplete without Parliamentary committees.\" In light of the statement, examine the role of the Public Accounts Committee in establishing financial accountability of the executive.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17) What do you understand by Alternate Dispute Redressal (ADR) mechanisms? What are the reasons for their low adoption as the primary mode of dispute resolution in the country? Suggest measures for improvement.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 Although upholding the spirit of the Constitution through judicial activism is noble in its intent, in practice it runs the risk of undermining the delicate balance of power that the Constitution sought to achieve. Critically examine.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19) What circumstances led to the formation of the National Green Tribunal? Evaluate if it has met its stated objectives in more than a decade of its existence.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 Examine the scope of partnership between the State and Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) towards improving public service delivery to benefit the common citizen.","15","250"]]},{"i":722,"t":"Sapna Chandel","c":"Forumias","p":"GS3","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/SAPNA-CHANDELUPSC_IAS_2025_Toppers_AIR_356_Sample_MGP_COPY_3.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) \"Besides being a moral imperative of a Welfare State, primary health structure is a necessary pre-condition for sustainable development.\" Analyse.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) University Grants Commission (UGC) has recently announced regulations for establishment and operation of campuses by foreign universities in India. In this context, discuss the benefits and challenges associated with the entry and operation of foreign higher educational institutions in the country.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3 The promotion of e-governance is critical for the realization of good governance in the country. Elucidate.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) Bring out the potential opportunities of telemedicine in India. Also, elaborate on the challenges in this regard.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5 \"What was hailed as sunshine legislation, has been overshadowed by dark clouds\". Critically examine the statement in the context of implementation of Right to information Act in almost two decades, since its enactment.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6 The objective of foreign policy is not only to build cordial international relations, but also to ensure national security and help citizens in pursuit of their aspirations. Discuss in context of India.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) Elaborate on the reasons for growing importance of Africa in India's foreign policy framework. Also, underline the contemporary areas of their bilateral engagement.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) Indo-US relations are more robust than ever, but the deepening of the relationship is not without challenges. Analyse.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9) Immediate neighbours are \"the first circle of priority\" in India's relation with the world. In this context, highlight the salient features of 'Neighbourhood First' policy. Also, mention the associated challenges.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10 In respect of India-Sri Lanka relations, discuss how domestic factors influence foreign policy.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11 \"Digital interventions can significantly bridge the learning gaps and improve outcomes in the educational system of the country, but it comes with its own set of challenges\". Comment.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12 The various developmental initiatives by the government have fallen short of achieving their intended objectives. Is it a design issue or an implementation bottleneck? Suggest measures to improve the effectiveness of developmental schemes.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 \"The fight against poverty is at the core of the Sustainable Development Goals\". In this context, highlight the interlinkages between poverty alleviation and various SDGs. Also, assess the effectiveness of the measures taken by the government for achieving the same.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 Assess the performance of MGNREGA in generation of sustainable employment and creation of durable assets in rural India. Do you agree with the view that there is need to replicate this model in urban areas in form of an Urban Employment Guarantee scheme?","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 An archaic and obsolete edifice of civil services does not augur well for a welfare state. Examine the various issues surrounding the civil services in the country. What suggestions would you make for their reform?","15","250"],[38,"Q.16 \"Non-alignment remains a guiding principle, yet the national foreign policy also reflects traits that contrast with it\". Elaborate.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 The shifting geopolitical dynamics cast a shadow on the India-Russia relationship, but it remains resilient, rooted in trust and shared interests. Examine.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 \"The inability of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) to address critical conflicts and maintain international peace and security underscores the urgent need for reforms.\" Examine the statement and present a case for India's permanent membership in the UNSC.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19) SCO is seen as a major coordinating and balancing force in the region; however, its position is increasingly challenged by internal contradictions and divergences. In this context, critically evaluate the relevance of SCO in advancing India's interests.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20) Explain the factors that make Indo-Pacific a region of significance for India. What are the impediments in reaping the geo-strategic potential of the Indo-Pacific?","15","250"],[54,"When must you seek mentorship?","",""]]},{"i":726,"t":"Sattwik Satyakam Devta","c":"Vision","p":"Essay","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/57ed9-475600_1420_sattwik_satyakam_devta_rank_100.pdf","q":[[3,"1. (a) Man is not only a product of his environment but can also modify the environment. Do you agree with this view? Justify your answer with suitable examples.","10","150"],[5,"1. (b) Though it may seem that accountability and efficiency are antithetical to each other, accountability is a sine qua non for good governance. Discuss.","10","150"],[7,"2. (a) Gandhian ideals can be of immense help in dealing with the Covid-19 pandemic. Evaluate.","10","150"],[9,"2. (b) While civil servants have the legal right to undertake post-retirement jobs, it raises key ethical issues. Comment.","10","150"],[11,"3. Given below are quotations of moral thinkers/philosophers. Bring out what they mean to you in the present context:\n(a) Try not to become a man of success but rather try to become a man of value. Albert Einstein","10","150"],[13,"3. (b) Having knowledge of an unethical act and allowing it to continue can spread a contagion that can affect multiple beings in society. Bertrand Russell","10","150"],[15,"4. (a) When people use a common resource without a coordinated plan the result is often a tragedy of the commons in which the resource is depleted. In this context, discuss the various ethical challenges arising out of utilization of Global Commons.","10","150"],[17,"4. (b) While a code of conduct merely establishes minimal standards of conduct, a better strategy to promote ethical work culture is through internalization of values. Discuss.","10","150"],[18,"How to ensure internalization of values?","",""],[19,"5. (a) A state that does not have the political will and the discipline to enforce probity in governance, can not get rid of the menace of prolonged corruption. Discuss.","10","150"],[21,"5. (b) India cannot march successfully in to the 21st century with the administrative system having a colonial mindset. Discuss in context of the bureaucratic work culture in India.","10","150"],[23,"6. Which corporate leader has inspired you the most and what moral lessons have you learnt from their life?","10","150"],[25,"7. Increasing participation of people in governance and easy access to information is what transforms governance to good governance. Elaborate.","10","150"],[27,"8. It is sometimes believed that moral scrupulousness in one's private life automatically guarantees high moral stature in professional life. Do you agree? Justify your stand with logical arguments.","10","150"],[29,"9. You are working as a District Magistrate in an aspirational district where women literacy and sex ratio is one of the lowest in the country. It is brought to your notice that a woman who has been elected as 'Sarpanch' on a seat reserved for women candidates in a panchayat in your district is head 'only on the paper'. All the work related to the panchayat is actually carried out by her husband. Even the flag hoisting ceremony on Independence Day is carried out by her husband. However, her husband happens to be a good administrator as indicated by that panchayat's performance on various developmental parameters as compared to other panchayats in the district. Also, her husband enjoys the support of the local people. Given the situation, answer the following:\n(a) Identify the stakeholders and issues involved in this case?\n(b) What options are available to you as the District Magistrate in such a scenario? Also, evaluate each option and indicate what option will you choose.","20","in around 250"],[34,"10. The issues confronting humanity are multifaceted - from political conflicts and human rights abuses to pandemics and climate change. They are not contained within national borders, nor do they fit into the silos of separate government agencies or academic specialties. What is required is greater international cooperation, mutual respect, abiding by international laws and participative global decision-making. However, over the last decade, it has been observed that international relations have overshadowed these basic tenets of global governance and now we are at the verge of serious global catastrophic risks. When it comes to the structures of global governance, business as usual, is no longer an option. Not only an improvement in our understanding of risks is required but also taking responsibility to lead collective action for a coordinated global response.\n(a) What do you think are the factors hindering collective actions?\n(b) Provide a case for the moral obligation of the international community to come together and find solutions to the problems we face.\n(c) What should be the principles guiding such international cooperation?","20",""],[36,"(b) Why International Community should come together?","",""],[39,"11. You are posted as Superintendent of Police in a district. A case has come up in which more than 30 girls were allegedly raped and sexually exploited at the city shelter home run by an NGO. The scandal came to light when media flagged complaints of sexual abuse of inmates of the city shelter home. A nexus of police, politicians, administration and criminals have been allegedly responsible for the racket going on for the last few years. In light of this, a lot of protests have erupted across the city. While, on one hand, media glare has meant that people are demanding swift action, you have been asked to go slow in investigating the case by top officers in your department. Elections in the state are due in a few months, so it has become a politically sensitive issue. You are also under immense political pressure from the ruling party to not take strict action and make compromises to cover up the case. Given the situation, answer the following:\n(a) Identify the issues involved in the case.\n(b) What are the options available to you? Which of these options will you choose? Justify your stand with logical arguments.","20",""],[42,"So what step will I take?","",""],[44,"12. Being the senior-most IAS officer, you are in line to be promoted as Chief Secretary after the incumbent retires in the next two months. Currently, you are heading the Public Works Department (PWD) and a road construction project worth crores has been opened for tender. A company X belonging to the son-in-law of the incumbent Chief Minister has also applied for the same. The director in charge of the screening process, a young IAS officer, has reported that company Y and the state PSU have submitted the best bids. Both you and the director are facing political pressure to favour the company X. The young IAS officer may be demoralised if you give in to the pressure. But if you don't give in then he may be transferred and your chances of promotion may also suffer. In light of the situation, answer the following:\n(a) Discuss the ethical issues faced by you in the given case.\n(b) What are the options available to you? Which of these options will you choose? Justify your stand with logical arguments.","20",""],[46,"1 Favour the CM's son and grant tender to company X","",""],[47,"2 Take neutral stand and choose between Company Y or PSU","",""],[49,"13. As the head of the Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV), you are tasked to complete the construction of a power plant. The project needs to be completed expeditiously to fulfil the promise made by the government to ensure access to power for all. The selected site is in a remote area and is ideal for plant construction. However, the project would require relocation of the people living in the vicinity. Initially, the local community objected to disruption in their lives but were convinced later about the economic benefits that would accrue to the region through this plant. The project had started gathering pace, but recently a local NGO working for environment protection got involved with the local community regarding the issue. And now the local community has started protesting against any developmental activity in the region. As the officer-in-charge for the speedy execution of the project, answer the following:\n(a) What are the issues involved in this case?\n(b) What course of action will you take and why?","20",""],[54,"14. Genetic editing has several applications with its potential to edit the genomes of both somatic and germ cells. This allows for the ability to not only cure genetic diseases but to edit the characteristics of future offspring. The last few years have seen the development of several efficient, more precise genetic engineering techniques. However, with growing sophistication, various issues of bioethics have also have come to the forefront.\n(a) Discuss the ethical considerations associated with genome editing.\n(b) In the light of these ethical issues, provide an ethical framework on how this technology can be used for the betterment of humanity.","20",""]]},{"i":723,"t":"Sattwik Satyakam Devta","c":"Forumias","p":"GS1","y":2025,"r":100,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/SATTWIK-SATYAKAM-DEVTAUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-100-Sample-MGP-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[2,"Q.1 \"India’s democratic roots are deeply embedded in its ancient civilizational ethos.\" Discuss in the context of India being referred to as the ‘Mother of Democracy’.","10","150"],[3,"Q.8 The alienation of modern lifestyles from nature has contributed to the ongoing environmental crisis in India. Examine.","10","150"],[4,"Q.16 Bring out the major features of the Indian monsoon and elaborate upon its causative factors.","15","250"],[11,"4 How it strengthened foundations of another\n1) British lost USA, but strengthened the foundation on India\n2) It helped British concentrate military resources in India to fight off other colonial powers like French\n3) Deprivation of American empire freed up administrative costs, while Indian empire was source of new riches due to plunder & drain of wealth & Home charges","",""],[19,"How it has led to environmental crisis?","",""],[23,"10 How it has redefined idea of community?","",""],[24,"How it has redefined ideas of kinship?","",""],[49,"19. Reasons for exclusion from decision-making\n1) Lower representation of women in Parliament & State legislatures of only 13.67% in 18th Lok Sabha\n2) Tokenistic presence in panchayats & urban local bodies Eg Panchayat-pati syndrome\n3) Co-optation of women-led movements by dominant narratives Eg issue of women farmers not raised during Farm Laws protests\n4) Violence & discrimination leads to exclusion Eg sexual violence at workplaces","",""],[50,"How are women challenging these norms?","",""]]},{"i":727,"t":"Sattwik Satyakam Devta","c":"Visionias","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/2fe3f-475600_2218_sattwik_satyakam_devta_rank_100.pdf","q":[[6,"1. Do you agree with the view that time has come to revisit the Seventh Schedule of the Indian Constitution? Discuss with suitable arguments.","10","Answer in 150"],[8,"2. Highlighting the advantages of online dispute resolution (ODR) mechanism for justice delivery, discuss the challenges associated with its effective implementation in India. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[10,"3. Despite the constitutional division of powers, Centre-state disputes have been a perennial feature of Indian democracy. Discuss with examples. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[12,"4. Do you agree with the view that adopting a framework for lobbying will strengthen participative governance and ease of doing business in India? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[14,"5. Despite the government encouraging open source instead of proprietary technology for government applications, the true potential of Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) and digital platforms remains unrealized. Discuss.","10","150"],[16,"6. As a social safety-valve, non-governmental organisations (NGOs) can be the principal vehicles through which communities voice their concerns. Discuss. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[18,"7. Despite being lauded for its patient centric approach, the implementation of the Mental Healthcare Act, 2017, remains sluggish and mired with various issues. Discuss.","10","150"],[20,"8. Do you agree with the view that time has come to formulate an Urban Employment Guarantee scheme at the national level? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[22,"9. Discuss the relevance of BIMSTEC as a regional organisation to fulfil India's strategic aspirations in the Indian Ocean Region. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[24,"10. Discuss the relevance of the Gujral Doctrine for India with regard to its relations with its immediate neighbours in the present times. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[26,"11. Highlight the pivotal role of the \"Officers of Parliament\" in the Indian Parliamentary system. Also, discuss the constitutional and statutory provisions for their impartial functioning.","15","250"],[29,"12. The Finance Commission plays a crucial role in balancing fiscal federalism in India. In this context, examine the recommendations given by the 15th Finance Commission. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[32,"13. Critically assess whether according statutory backing to the Model Code of Conduct will contribute towards free and fair elections in India. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[35,"14. The market disruption caused by digital revolution warrants renewed focus and perspective to ensure fair competition in the digital economy. In this light, discuss the need to revamp the Competition Commission of India (CCI).","15","250"],[38,"15. There is an urgent need for effective whistle-blowing mechanisms and ensuring that necessary safeguards for the protection of whistle-blowers are established in both public and private spheres in India. Discuss.","15","250"],[39,"Why existing safeguards for Whistle-blowers protection needed?","",""],[41,"16. State the reasons behind the poor performance of cooperatives in India. Also, discuss the reforms undertaken by the government to overcome the shortcomings. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[44,"17. Public-Private Partnership model, if harnessed properly, has the potential to bridge the gaps in India's healthcare system. Discuss.","15","Answer in 250"],[47,"18. Although the New Education Policy brings with itself a commendable vision, its success will depend on its ability to effectively integrate with the government's other policy initiatives. Discuss. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[50,"19. The Indo-Pacific Economic Framework for Prosperity (IPEF) is born from a collective desire to make the Indo-Pacific region an engine of global economic growth. Comment. Also, discuss India's concerns in this context. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[53,"20. India needs to identify the priority areas to further its techno-diplomacy amidst the complexities of expanding digital space and New and Emerging Strategic Technologies. Discuss. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"]]},{"i":728,"t":"Sattwik Satyakam Devta","c":"Vision","p":"GS3","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/b0044-475600_2219_sattwik_satyakam_devta_rank_100.pdf","q":[[6,"1. Fiscal policy can be a key tool to reduce income inequality as well as make the poorest and the downtrodden a part of the country's growth story. Discuss in the context of India. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[8,"2. Digitizing land records will go a long way in ensuring land reforms as well as lessening the burden on the Indian Judiciary. Elaborate. Also, state the measures taken in this context. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[10,"3. It has been pointed out that competitive politics to fund mostly non-merit subsidies is pushing a few states in India to the brink of a deep fiscal crisis. In this context, discuss the need to rationalise the subsidy regime in India. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[12,"4. Micro-irrigation has tremendous potential in transforming farming into a profitable and sustainable venture. Discuss the given statement in the context of Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojana. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[14,"5. Given its vast resources and technical expertise, India can play a key role in assisting the Pacific Small Island Developing States (PSIDS) in dealing with the impact of climate change. Analyse.","10","150"],[16,"6. The recent “Disaster Management Plan of Ministry of Panchayati Raj (DMP–MoPR)” aims to develop disaster resilience at the grassroots level. In this context, discuss the rationale behind the formulation of the Plan and highlight its key components.","10","150"],[18,"7. Discuss the internal security implications emanating from the use of Emerging And Disruptive Technologies (EDT) by state and non-state actors.","10","150"],[20,"8. Identify the impediments faced by India in boosting its defence exports. Also, discuss the steps taken by the government in this regard. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[22,"9. Discuss the multiple issues associated with space debris. Also, state the initiatives taken in recent times to tackle this menace.","10","150"],[24,"10. The adoption of Open Network for Digital Commerce (ONDC) in India is expected to make e-commerce more inclusive and accessible for consumers. Discuss.","10","150"],[26,"11. While an agreement was recently reached at the WTO on a deal to curb \"harmful\" government fisheries subsidies, certain concerns raised by India suggests that the matter will require further negotiations. Discuss.","15","Answer in 250"],[27,"4 Prevent modernisation of fisheries sector in developing countries - which largely depend on unmechanized trawlers. What should be done?","",""],[29,"12. Despite the advantages that are associated with the hybrid annuity model (HAM) in the road construction sector, the interest in it has moderated due to various reasons. Discuss.","15","250"],[32,"13. The existing MSP procurement regime is neither economically nor agro-ecologically sustainable. Elaborate. Also, evaluate the alternative approaches that can be adopted to improve the existing MSP regime. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[35,"14. It is being argued that India is struggling with overflowing foodgrains in warehouses. Discuss the statement in view of the existing buffer stock policy of India. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[36,"Why FCI struggling with overflowing food grains","",""],[38,"15. Recently, the government has asked all ports to prepare a master plan in order to become 'mega ports' by 2047. In light of this, discuss the challenges faced by ports and suggest remedial measures in order to propel India's blue economy.","15","250"],[41,"16. Inequality in income and wealth translates into carbon inequality. In this context, discuss the significance of addressing carbon inequality for India and suggest ways to achieve it. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[44,"17. Despite increased and regular occurrences of landslides over the past decade in India, the dominant development paradigm has largely not been modified. Examine. (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[47,"18. India needs a smart border management system to balance legitimate cross border flows with national security interests. Discuss. Also, highlight the initiatives taken by the government in this regard.","15","250"],[50,"19. Establishing linkages between globalisation and money laundering, discuss the initiatives taken at the national and international levels to combat it. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[53,"20. There have been arguments that India needs to review some of its past assumptions about the nature of outer space and contribute to the development of new global norms. In this context, analyse India's stand in relation to the Artemis Accords. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[54,"Why new Global norms needed?","",""]]},{"i":724,"t":"Sattwik Satyakam Devta","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":2025,"r":100,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/SATTWIK-SATYAKAM-DEVTAUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-100-Sample-MGP-Copy-2.pdf","q":[[2,"Q.1) \na) What is your understanding of corruption? In your opinion, does corruption grease or sand the wheels of growth? Justify your answer. (10 marks, 150 words)\nb) The balance between laws and conscience is delicate; when synchronized, they promote ethical conduct, but their discord can give rise to significant ethical dilemmas. Illustrate with examples (10 marks, 150 words)","",""],[3,"Q.4) a) “The growing reach and influence of social media present both opportunities and challenges for ethical governance.” Examine the statement with suitable examples.\nb) “Probity in governance is an essential and vital requirement for an efficient and effective system of governance and for socio-economic development.” Discuss the statement with examples.","10","10"],[4,"b) Write short notes on the following in 30-50 words each:\ni) Ethical congruence\nii) Conflict of interest\niii) Compassion in public life\niv) Crisis of conscience\nv) Social capital","10 marks, 150","30-50 words each"],[5,"Q.7 Recently, a disturbing incident involving the sexual assault of two young girls at a nursery school came to light in a ‘sleepy’ town of a western state in the country. When the parents approached the local police station to lodge an FIR, the police turned them away. However, twelve hours later, the FIR was filed, and a 24-year-old cleaning staff member of the school was arrested as the only suspect in the incident.\nThe news of the assault spread rapidly, igniting widespread outrage and intense media coverage. The public was furious, leading to protests across the town demanding justice for the victims. Locals organized a bandh, vandalized the school, and blocked railway lines while demanding death penalty for the suspect.\nThe state government swung into action, suspending two police personnel for their delayed response and forming a Special Investigation Team (SIT) to investigate the case. The principal of the school, along with two staff members, was also suspended. The SIT began its investigation and charged the school principal, secretary, and chairman under sections of the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act for failing to report the crime. Meanwhile, the accused’s first wife filed a case against him for violent sexual behavior and unnatural sex. As the investigation progressed, tensions in the town continued to simmer. The pressure on the SIT to resolve the case was immense, with political figures, media, and the public all demanding swift action.\nThe following day, while the suspect was being transported to the crime scene (the school) for further investigation, he was killed in what was described as an encounter. According to the SIT's account, the suspect managed to snatch a gun from one of the officers and opened fire, injuring him. In retaliation, the police shot the suspect, who was gravely injured and later succumbed to his wounds in the hospital.\nThe news of the encounter spread quickly. While many praised the SIT for their swift action, others raised serious concerns. The family of the suspect claimed it was a staged encounter. The human rights groups echoed similar sentiments, accusing the police of an extrajudicial killing orchestrated under immense public pressure.\na What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\nb Based on the case study, discuss the challenges faced by law enforcement agencies in conducting a fair and impartial investigation amidst public and political pressure.\nc What best practices should be followed to ensure the integrity of investigations in such high-profile cases?","20","250"],[6,"Q.8 Sowmiya is a senior public servant renowned for her integrity and transparency. Currently serving as the Head of the Budget Division in the Finance Ministry, she is responsible for managing budgetary allocations critical to the government's developmental initiatives. Her department is currently organizing financial support to the states, three of which are due to go to the polls within the financial year.\nIn this year's annual budget, the government allocated ₹9,300 crores to the National Electricity Mission (NEM), a centrally sponsored scheme aimed at providing electricity to every remaining household in the country. As of June, ₹1,775 crores had already been disbursed for this initiative. The NEM is pivotal for improving living standards and aligns with the government's broader goal of universal access to electricity.\nThe Ministry of Commerce has been advocating for the establishment of a semiconductor fabrication unit in a southern state. This project is essential for enhancing domestic manufacturing capabilities and reducing dependency on imported semiconductors. After extensive discussions spanning nearly three years among relevant stakeholders, the Union Cabinet approved the establishment of the unit, and the process for acquiring the necessary land has commenced.\nIn alignment with the government's policy toward a green transition, a leading Central Public Sector Enterprise (CPSE) is actively working on establishing a green hydrogen plant in a northeastern state. This initiative is crucial for promoting sustainable energy solutions and achieving the 'panchamrit' targets. The CPSE has already acquired the necessary land for the project. Following three rounds of global bidding, the project was awarded to an MNC, M/s XYZ Hydrocarbons, with the first tranche of payment scheduled for December.\nThe Finance Ministry was asked for an additional allocation of ₹7,000 crores to support the semiconductor fabrication unit and the green hydrogen plant. It was decided to recommend re-appropriating this entire amount from the NEM allocation. The file was forwarded to the Budget Department for their comments and further processing. Upon reviewing the case file, Sowmiya recognized the potential consequences of such a reallocation. Diverting funds from the NEM could significantly delay its implementation, undermining a project that holds political significance and is frequently highlighted in political rallies.\nAdditionally, failing to secure timely funding for the semiconductor unit and the green hydrogen plant could jeopardize these projects and lead to cost overruns. Delayed payment in an international project could send the wrong signals to MNCs about India's commitment to honoring international","",""],[7,"a. What are the ethical issues involved in re-appropriation of funds from a welfare project to the developmental projects?\nb. Given the need for proper utilization of public funds, discuss the options available to Sowmiya. Which option should she choose?\na What are the ethical issues involved in re-appropriation of funds from a welfare project to the developmental projects?\nb Given the need for proper utilization of public funds, discuss the options available to Sowmiya. Which option should she choose?","20","250"],[8,"Q.9 Surrogate advertising — a marketing technique that promotes a product or service restricted or banned from direct advertising, such as alcohol and tobacco, by advertising a legal product like soda, water, or music CDs from the same brand — has been around for a long time. While the practice has faced criticism in the past, it has recently gained fresh attention as several famous film stars have begun endorsing these surrogate products.\nPublic health advocates and certain sections of society are worried about this trend. They argue that when celebrities get involved, the ads become much more influential, especially among the younger audiences. These critics believe that even if the ads don’t directly promote harmful products, they still make them seem more acceptable. As a result, there is a fear that such advertising could indirectly lead to higher consumption of those items, which could bring more health problems, especially among the youth.\nOn the flip side, companies and the celebrities they work with claim they are not doing anything wrong. They point out that they are only endorsing legal products, and they have every right to advertise them. For them, this type of advertising is about keeping the brand alive and competing in a market with tight regulations. They also argue that restricting these ads could harm businesses, affecting jobs and overall economic growth.\nThe debate continues, with each side presenting its own set of compelling arguments.\na What are the ethical concerns associated with surrogate advertising?\nb Suggest a course of action that addresses the concerns of both the stakeholders involved. Justify your answer.","20","250"],[9,"Q.10 You are the Operations Manager at a fast-growing technology startup, NexGen Solutions, known for its innovative projects and timely delivery. The startup’s environment is fast-paced, with tight deadlines and high expectations from clients and investors. Your current project, creating a cutting-edge AI based application, is critical for securing upcoming funding and partnerships. Your small, capable team includes four software developers and two project coordinators, with an equal number of men and women.\nRecently, the team has encountered major challenges. Priya, one of the female developers, has requested leave to care for her ailing mother. Meanwhile, another team member, Ayesha, is struggling to manage her workload along with caring for her infant child. As a result, other team members have taken on extra tasks, impacting their work-life balance and causing heightened stress. With the project deadline looming, tensions in the team have become visible. During a crucial project meeting, Karan, a senior developer, voices his frustration, saying, “Perhaps it’s not ideal to have team members who can’t fully commit during critical stages.”\nKaran’s remark triggers an immediate reaction. Neha, a project coordinator, finds his comment offensive and reports it to the Human Resources (HR) Department. She also hints that she might bring the issue to social media, which could harm the startup’s image. The HR Department, located at the company’s headquarters, investigates and recommends disciplinary action against Karan, emphasizing the importance of a respectful, inclusive workplace. Their recommendation puts you in a difficult situation. The project is already delayed, and losing a senior developer like Karan could jeopardize its timely completion.\nYou are now faced with a complex dilemma. On one hand, it’s vital to address the inappropriate comment and ensure a respectful work culture. On the other hand, you must keep the project on track without further demotivating your team.\na) Discuss the ethical issues involved in this case.\nb) As the Operations Manager, how would you deal with the given situation?\nc) Based on the case study, discuss the challenges faced by women at workplace. How can such challenges be addressed?","20","250"],[10,"Q.11 Utkarsh is a dedicated and experienced Chief Engineer in the Public Works Department (PWD) of a major Indian city. His responsibilities include overseeing the maintenance and construction of the city's infrastructure. One of his critical responsibilities is managing the safety and welfare of the PWD workers. A sudden strike by the workers' union of the PWD erupted over the issue of compensation to a construction worker who died while repairing a major bridge in the city. The case was brought to Utkarsh's attention for resolution.\nThe deceased worker, Shyam Lal, was part of a team tasked with repairing a crucial bridge that connected two busy parts of the city. During the repair, an unfortunate accident occurred where a section of the bridge collapsed. Shyam Lal fell from a significant height, suffering severe injuries. He was immediately rushed to the hospital but succumbed to his injuries shortly after arrival. Shyam Lal was 45 years old and the sole breadwinner for his family, which included his wife and three young children. The initial investigation revealed that Shyam Lal had not been wearing the mandatory safety harness at the time of the accident. The management, upon learning of this, is considering not providing extra compensation to Shyam Lal's family, citing negligence on his part.\nThe PWD workers' union was outraged by this decision, arguing that the lack of proper training and supervision were the primary cause of the accident. They demanded full compensation for Shyam Lal’s family, like what other workers receive who die in the line of duty, and a job for one family member. With no satisfactory response from the management, the union went on strike, halting all ongoing maintenance and construction projects in the city. The strike has continued for two weeks, causing significant disruption to the city's infrastructure projects and leading to public outcry.\nUtkarsh is now tasked with finding a resolution to this deadlock.\na) What are the options available to Utkarsh to meet the above situation? Critically examine each of the options identified by him.\nb) What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by Utkarsh?\nc) What course of action should Utkarsh adopt to diffuse the above situation?","20","250"],[11,"Q.12 Arijit, a recent graduate from a top marketing institute, has joined a prominent multinational corporation (MNC) in the “personal care and wellness” sector. The MNC is globally known for its commitment to eco-friendly, natural, and sustainable products, which was a major reason for Arijit being drawn to the job. He sees this as a chance to work on campaigns that promote health-conscious and environmentally sustainable choices worldwide.\nArijit enjoys the organization’s work culture and the nature of his new job. Within just a month, his creativity and fresh approach have earned him praise from his manager. Soon, he is assigned a high-stakes project to design an international campaign for the MNC’s new skincare product—a role typically reserved for more experienced team members. Excited, Arijit begins researching for the campaign but soon discovers an uncomfortable truth. Despite its “100% natural” branding, the product contains a significant percentage of synthetic ingredients, some of which are known to harm the environment and may also pose risks to human health. Arijit feels this contradicts the brand’s supposed commitment to environmental and health standards.\nWhen Arijit raises these concerns, his manager rebukes him and sternly instructs him to follow the company’s approved messaging. The manager emphasizes that the product meets all regulatory standards and that similar claims are widely used by other competitors in the market. Arijit is told to focus on his marketing responsibilities and avoid scrutinizing the product’s formulation. However, he still feels this is a manipulative practice that could mislead environmentally and health-conscious consumers into believing they are choosing a completely natural product.\nArijit worries that pressing the issue further could harm his career prospects, especially since he is still on probation. As the sole breadwinner with a large education loan to repay, he can’t afford to lose his job. He tries to reason that this might simply be “how business is done” and considers dropping the matter. However, his conscience continues to urge him to take action.\na. Analyze the conduct of the MNC from an ethical point of view.\nb. What are the options available to Arijit under the given situation? Evaluate each of the options and suggest the best course of action.","20","20"],[12,"a. नैतिक दृष्टिकोण से बहुराष्ट्रीय कंपनी के आचरण का विश्लेषण करें।\nb. दी गई परिस्थिति में अरिजीत के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं? प्रत्येक विकल्प का मूल्यांकन करें और सबसे अच्छा उपाय सुझाएँ।\na नैतिक दृष्टिकोण से बहुराष्ट्रीय कंपनी के आचरण का विश्लेषण करें।\nb दी गई परिस्थिति में अरिजीत के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं? प्रत्येक विकल्प का मूल्यांकन करें और सबसे अच्छा उपाय सुझाएँ।","20 अंक","250 शब्द"],[13,"Q1 (a) How Corruption greases wheels of growth?","",""],[15,"(1) Why synchronization promotes ethical conduct?","",""],[17,"2(G) As per SIPRI, globally countries have increased their nuclear warheads over the past decade, showing nuclearisation phenomena.\n Ethical Consideration to pursue disarmament","",""],[18,"How to Balance?","",""],[25,"(c) Gandhiji showed how ahimsa (non-violence) can shake on greatest powers like the British Raj during nationalist movement.\n Why is it greater force?","",""],[26,"4 How to impart ahimsa spirit?","",""],[47,"9 The role of celebrities has often come under scrutiny as they have abused their persuasion skills to promote unethical products & services.\n(a) Ethical Concerns in Surrogate Ads","",""]]},{"i":725,"t":"Sattwik Satyakam Devta","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/7090f-475600_1227_sattwik_satyakam_devta_rank_100.pdf","q":[[3,"1. (a) Test of morality goes beyond doing a simple cost benefit analysis. Discuss with suitable examples.","10","not more than 150"],[5,"1. (b) Explaining what an ethical dilemma is, discuss how it reflects not merely a choice between competing interests and values but also a test of strength of one's character.","10",""],[7,"2. (a) Discuss Vivekananda's views on nationalism. Do you think nationalism has become more a divisive force in the world today than one that integrates?","10",""],[9,"2. (b) What is the relationship between Ethics and Law? Explain with examples.","10",""],[11,"3. (a) What do you understand by Emotional Intelligence? Highlight its importance for civil servants.","10",""],[13,"3. (b) Explain the importance of probity in governance. What measures have been undertaken for ensuring probity in governance in India?","10",""],[15,"4. (a) What do you understand by corporate ethics? Explain its significance for socio-economic development.","10",""],[17,"4. (b) Ethics plays an important role in sports. In this context, explain the importance of the virtues of fairness, integrity, responsibility and respect for sportspersons.","10",""],[19,"5. (a) Discuss the importance of being a role model for achieving success as a leader. In this context, what do you think are the qualities that separate a leader from a manager?","10",""],[21,"5. (b) Explain the meaning and importance of the following civil services values with appropriate examples:\ni. Selflessness\nii. Objectivity\niii. Accountability\niv. Fortitude\nv. Integrity","10",""],[23,"6. What are the problems arising out of declining ethical standards among public servants? Suggest certain strategies to address the same.","10",""],[25,"7. Differentiate between the following:\n(a) Horizontal and Vertical Accountability","10",""],[27,"8. Write short notes on the following:\n(a) Relation between public and private ethics","10",""],[28,"8. (b) Role of family in inculcating values","",""],[29,"9. A woman employee has leveled allegations of sexual misconduct on social media against the Head of Operations in the company where you are in-charge of human resources department. This has been in the context of the recent phenomenon of women coming out against powerful men who have sexually harassed them in the past. Given the frenzy around the issue, your company is under immense pressure to act quickly against this person. You have the following options before you:\n(a) Accept the statement of allegations and take departmental and legal action quickly.\n(b) Investigate the matter through an internal complaints committee and take action after it submits its findings.\n Analyse the given options and argue which course of action would you choose? Also suggest what measures would you take to prevent occurrences of such instances in your company in future.","20","in around 250"],[34,"10. A state has been notorious for high rate of crimes and illicit activities. An understaffed police force along with sheer volume of criminal instances makes it difficult for police to duly investigate and pursue all cases till their logical end. The criminal justice system is also burdened and it takes years to deliver justice. Given the nexus between criminals and politicians, it is difficult to conduct investigation without external influences. A sense of lawlessness has prevailed in the society. In this backdrop, it has been observed that police has been resorting to increasing number of encounters of alleged criminals rather than catching them and follow due process. Popular public sentiment is also supportive of this method and the result has been a general declining trend in crime. Given this scenario, answer the following questions:\n(a) Analyse the issue from different ethical perspectives.\n(b) What could be the effects on the police administration and the society of such a strategy?\n(c) As an advisor to the Chief Minister of the State, what advice would you give to improve the law and order situation?","20",""],[39,"11. Tobacco is one of the major commercial crops cultivated in a district, where you have been posted as the District Magistrate. But being a signatory to the UN Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, it is obligatory upon India to phase out tobacco cultivation by 2020. The state government had constituted a committee, which has recently submitted a report to gradually phase out its cultivation and rehabilitate farmers who shift to alternative crops. However, fearing loss of livelihood, farmers have blocked the railway lines, causing disruption at various places. They are demanding written assurance from the state government that tobacco cultivation will be allowed to continue.\n(a) What are the ethical and administrative issues involved in this matter?\n(b) What are the options available to you as the District Magistrate?\n(c) Evaluate each of these options and choose the option, which you would adopt, giving reasons.","20",""],[44,"12. An international soft drink company has a signature soft drink that it sells all over the world. In India, the version of the soft drink complies with Indian food and health regulations, but is less healthy and less safe than the drink sold in the European market where the law is stricter. A recent study in a respected health journal has indicated that this product can lead to severe public health issues in the years to come. The government has appointed a committee under your chairmanship to look into the issue and submit a report on the matter. What are the factors that you would consider in making your suggestions? In particular, identify the various stakeholders and examine the various socio-economic and ethical issues involved in this case.","20",""],[49,"13. You are appointed as the principal of a school, which is located in a backward district. A colleague brings to your attention that a group of boys indulge in smoking during school hours within the vicinity of the school. The same group has also repeatedly been caught consuming alcohol in the school premises. No form of punishment seems to be effective while dealing with this particular group. Upon investigation, you find that the boys belong to low-income families and have picked up the habits from elders at home and neighbours. The teachers are concerned about the effect it will have on other students. You also realise that this problem has to be addressed as quickly as possible. In this context, answer the following questions:\n(a) Identify the factors that make young people take up such harmful habits? What is the role of educational institutions in inculcating right habits among the students?\n(b) How would you address the immediate issue? Analyse the options available to you in this regard.\n(c) How will you bring about a behavioural change among students in this case?","20",""],[54,"14. In your personal life you are a religious person and strongly believe in the preservation of socio-cultural beliefs. Your recent posting as an IPS officer has brought you to a district with a widely revered shrine. Shortly after you take charge, you find considerable tension building up in the district on the question of women's entry in the shrine. In this backdrop, the Supreme Court has ruled in favour of women being allowed to enter the shrine. You are aware that there is considerable resentment against the decision. Additionally, several political parties, religious bodies and groups have launched a campaign to defend the tradition. In few weeks the traditional annual pilgrimage to the shrine is going to commence. You suspect that if the situation is not diffused it might lead to law and order problems.\n(a) What are the key issues at stake here?\n(b) Do you see any dilemmas in the unfolding situation?\n(c) In this context, what steps would you take to discharge your duties?","20",""]]},{"i":729,"t":"Satvik Sharma","c":"Forumias","p":"Essay","y":2025,"r":327,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/SATVIK-SHARMAUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-327-Sample-ESSAY-COPY-1.pdf","q":[[16,"Serious questions rare like - what is it to \"be yourself\"? , why the world is constantly trying to make you \"something else\"? & what constitutes \"our life's greatest accomplishments\"?","",""],[17,"Why & How the world forces you to be \"something else\"","",""],[19,"But, have \"being yourself\" lead to great accomplishments?","",""]]},{"i":732,"t":"Satvik Sharma","c":"Forumias","p":"GS1","y":2025,"r":327,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/SATVIK-SHARMAUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-327-Sample-MGP-COPY-3.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) The Hoysala period saw the development of a distinctive style of temple architecture renowned for its intricacy and artistic brilliance. Elaborate.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) British colonial rule had a profound impact on Indian agriculture, fundamentally altering the traditional agrarian economy which led to severe peasant resistance. Discuss.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) The history of India's independence would remain incomplete without acknowledging the significant contributions from the Northeast region. Substantiate.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) The diversity of landforms across the Earth's surface reflects the unique signatures left by different geomorphic agents. In this context, describe the various erosional and depositional landforms created by glacial action.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5 Explain the factors contributing to the variability of the Indian monsoon. Also, discuss its multi-dimensional impact.","10","150"],[12,"5 Impact of Mozambique current from East\n6 La-Nina & El Nina tempering intensity\n7 Bursts & Breaks due to local pressure","",""],[13,"Q.6 Describing the distribution of palm oil producing countries, throw light on the major environmental issues faced by them.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) At the time of her independence, India was beset with multiple challenges. Enumerating those challenges, analyze how far India has been able to address them.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) What do you understand by the Meiji restoration? Discuss its impact on Japan and the world.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9) Discuss the reasons for the rise in prevalence of substance abuse in India. Also, examine its impact on family and society.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10) Do you think that a Uniform Civil Code (UCC) is essential in a multi-cultural and diverse country like India? Justify your answer.","10","150"],[22,"6 Promote feeling of brotherhood & Nationalism culturally.\n7 Demoralise separatist forces & secessionist tendencies by linking the civil life of all people through one code.","",""],[23,"Q.11 Discuss how the Bhakti movement, along with questioning the established social order, also made substantial contributions to the development of devotional literature.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12 The Marathas posed a formidable challenge to British expansion but could not consolidate their power into a centralized authority capable of rivaling British dominance in India. Comment.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13) The political reorganization of states and territories has been an ongoing process in the post-independence era. Discuss with examples. How successful has it been in accommodating diverse regional aspirations?","15","250"],[32,"Q.14) Highlighting the contributions of revolutionaries to the Indian freedom movement, discuss the factors that limited their efforts.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 \"The aspirations of the Indian national movement extended to securing social justice and economic regeneration, in addition to political freedom.\" Elaborate.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16 The 'paper partition' of Africa and its prolonged journey to decolonization stand in contrast to colonial experiences elsewhere. Analyse.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 \"India faces a grave water crisis due to soaring demand, pollution, and climate change, which necessitates urgent measures to ensure water security for all.\" Examine.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 Provide a reasoned account of the global distribution of volcanoes with the help of a world map. Also, discuss the various consequences of volcanoes.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 \"A seemingly casteless upper caste and an apparently caste-defined lower caste is one of the central aspects of the institution of caste in contemporary times\". Comment.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 Tolerance and harmony are engrained in societal ethos of India, but communal discord remains a significant threat to the nation's pluralistic fabric. Elaborate.","15","250"],[54,"When must you seek mentorship?","",""]]},{"i":731,"t":"Satvik Sharma","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2025,"r":327,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/SATVIK-SHARMAUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-327-Sample-MGP-COPY-2.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) As the soul of the Constitution, the preamble is not only a majestic expression of philosophy and principles but also declares the purpose of the constitution. Elaborate.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Article 21 of the Constitution has been interpreted expansively to encompass various facets of personal freedom and dignity. Elucidate with the help of relevant case laws.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) Explain how the Presidents of India and the USA differ in their election processes and the extent of their powers.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4 Critically examine the functioning of National Human Rights Commission of India (NHRC) as an apex institution entrusted with the protection of human rights in the country.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5 The 106th Constitutional Amendment Act (Nari Shakti Vandan Adhiniyam, 2023) is regarded as a landmark step towards women's empowerment and representation, making women-led development a tangible reality. How far do you think this will help in making the Indian political process more gender-inclusive?","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) India's growing elderly population is faced with a multitude of challenges necessitating development of a comprehensive policy framework to manage this demographic transition. Analyse.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7 Discuss the benefits and challenges associated with the entry and operation of foreign higher educational institutions for internationalization of Indian higher education, in the light of recently released UGC guidelines regarding the same.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) How far do you think that farmers association has been successful as a Pressure Group?","10","150"],[19,"Q.9) The peaceful and co-operative relationship between India and Bhutan provides a unique model of bilateral ties in South Asia. Elucidate.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10) While the Gulf region offers lucrative job opportunities, the Indian diaspora often finds itself grappling with severe challenges. Analyse.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11) Recent years have witnessed a concerning decline in Parliament's functioning, marked by frequent disruptions and reduced debate on crucial national issues. Analyze the reasons for the decline in Parliament's functioning in the country and suggest remedial measures.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12 To what extent, in your opinion, has the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act been successful in laying a foundation for participatory and inclusive governance at the grassroot level?","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 Describe the various mechanisms available for the resolution of disputes concerning the use, distribution, or control of inter-state rivers. Also, state the reasons for their limited success.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 The Election Commission of India (ECI) stands as a sentinel of democracy, ensuring that the world's largest electoral exercise is conducted with integrity and efficiency. In light of the statement, discuss the role of ECI in conducting free and fair elections. Also, state the associated challenges and suggest remedial measures.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 While e-governance offers immense potential to revolutionize governance and service delivery, its successful implementation requires addressing multifaceted challenges. Discuss.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16) Assess the performance of various schemes and policies undertaken to improve the socio-economic conditions of vulnerable sections of society. What measures do you suggest to enhance their performance?","15","250"],[41,"Q.17) What are the common challenges faced by NGOs when working with the government? How can these challenges be mitigated to ensure a productive partnership between NGOs and the government?","15","250"],[43,"Ways to Mitigate the Challenges to ensure effective & productive partnership of NGO & Government:","",""],[44,"Q.18 \"Poverty is a complex phenomenon that goes beyond material deprivation, necessitating comprehensive strategies that address the multifaceted nature of deprivation.\" Elaborate.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 The expansion of BRICS presents new prospects for the organization, but their realization depends on the member states' ability to address internal challenges and enhance cooperation. Elaborate.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 \"A multipolar world order is not merely an option but a necessity\". Elaborate. How can India leverage its position to strengthen multipolarity in the global arena?","15","250"]]},{"i":730,"t":"Satvik Sharma","c":"Forumias","p":"GS3","y":2025,"r":327,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/SATVIK-SHARMAUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-327-Sample-MGP-COPY-1.pdf","q":[[35,"Contribution of Livestock Sector to rural Economy\n1) Provide hedge against poor monsoon.\n2) Additional source of income.\n3) Improves livelihood security by augmenting income of farmers.\n4) Promote cyclic economy as livestock waste could be used in manures.\n5) Livestock also help in farm mechanisation.","",""]]},{"i":1027,"t":"Satyam Gandhi","c":"Lukmaan","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1h8jdfltz_Oppo_TyUg_1GWd-zxM6KYU-/view","q":[[4,"Q1. (a) What constitutes conflict of interest for a civil servant and how it can be avoided? Explain with appropriate examples.","10","150"],[6,"Q1 (b) Discuss the potential and limitations of corporate governance in promotion of ethics in business.","10","150"],[8,"Q2. (a) \"Corruption greases the wheel of the system, remarked by Kant\". Is it true for Indian bureaucracy? Give argument.","10","150"],[10,"Q2. (b) It is the complacent and indifferent work culture in bureaucracy which is responsible for poor quality of service in India. Do you agree? Explain and suggest measures to improve work culture in Indian bureaucracy.","10","150"],[12,"Q3. (a) Comment on the following important values for civil servants\na) Open accountability\nb) Exemplary behaviour\nc) Public service spirit\nd) Loyalty and allegiance to Constitution","10","150"],[14,"Q3. (b) Explain how human conscience works as source of ethical guidance? To what extent it is relevant for civil servants who are more guided by their conduct rules?","10","150"],[16,"Q4. (a) Explain the conditions of ethical dilemma faced by civil servants in India. What are the general principles which should guide them in dilemma like situations?","10","150"],[18,"Q4. (b) \"In the happiness of his subjects lies his happiness; in their welfare his welfare. He shall not consider as good only that which pleases him but treat as beneficial to him whatever pleases his subjects.\" Kautilya. Comment in the light of its recent relevance.","10","150"],[20,"Q5. (a) Examine the Max Weber's idea of bureaucracy and its relevance in the era of good governance.","10","150"],[22,"Q5. (b) Explain how law/rules/regulations help ethical conduct in society? Should fear be the basis for enforcement of law? Justify your view.","10","150"],[24,"Q6. (a) Why accountability is considered very important value for administration? Apart from law, discuss some other important ways for promoting accountability in administration.","10","150"],[26,"Q6. (b) Which factors play important role in efficient fund utilisation - a good legal and institutional system or probity and integrity? Argue the statement and give your view. (150 words)","10","150"],[28,"Q6. (c) Explain Amartya Sen's Human Capability approach to development and justice and why it is considered relevant in present scenario of promotion of equity and equality in society?","10","150"],[30,"Q7. Miss A had a friendly relation with Mr B. Both are in their teen-age. They developed a bond and trust and have had consensual sex. But one day, the boy sent their private images to her friends. Since then the girl feels shattered and depressed. She feels suddenly loss of reputation and betrayal.\nTo her shock, the boy denied any involvement. The girl doesn’t want a police case rather she wants acknowledgement of wrongdoing and admission of guilt by the boy. There are many similar incidents happening in different part of the country. The increment in such incidents is also due to social media and befriending through this platform and deserting later.\na) In this case, suppose the parents of the girl approach a Police Station for intervention without FIR and you are in-charge of the Station then discuss your courses of action.\nb) What legal, social and psychological challenges will be faced by you? Discuss also remedies to the challenges.","20","250"],[34,"Q8 After the judgement of the honourable Supreme Court on LGBT which de-criminalises Section 377 of IPC, the Indian Military is facing dilemma whether to make it permissible or not. The Army Chief has expressed that the military will not allow homosexuality. He says, \"Army is conservative, we are not westernised nor modernised\". Usually, for gay sex in defence forces or a report of any such acts, court martial is done and the said officer is sacked. Suppose you are a senior officer in the military then what will be your response to the view expressed by the army chief.","20","250"],[38,"Q9. Suppose you are the head of the District Executive Committee who happens to be the District Magistrate then discuss how you will ensure proper implementation of the plan and take steps for minimising stubble burning and its effects on environment?","20","250"],[42,"Q10. Suppose you are the head of the team who has search operation then what will be your courses of action in case of Mr A? Also give reasons for justification of your actions.","20","250"],[46,"Q11. The PDS suffers from nearly 61% error of exclusion and 25% inclusion of beneficiaries, i.e. the misclassification of the poor as non-poor and vice-versa, according to a recent study conducted in one state.\nAccording to the report, this misclassification is due to nexus at local level between Gram Pradhan, BDO and local MLA. Merely paying some bribes is adequate enough for inclusion or exclusion from the list.\nSuppose you are a trainee-IAS officer and have been given an independent charge as SDM in one such district of the state, wherein you have jurisdiction over 205 villages having rampant misclassification of list of beneficiaries then how will you address the misclassifications?","20","250"],[50,"Q12 Mrs A has been the head of a private bank for more than a decade. She is highly renowned and has remained one of the best women corporate leaders in India. Recently, there is exposure by media of some financial irregularities between the private bank she heads and the company in which her husband is at senior position. The allegation is that due to her husband, the private bank gave financial favour which is against banking regulation norms and rules and therefore, there is immense pressure on Mrs A to resign. The allegation has been vociferously denied by Mrs A and her husband. Suppose you were at Mrs A place then what could have been your courses of action in such situation? Also give reasons for your actions.","20","250"]]},{"i":1028,"t":"Satyam Gandhi","c":"Lukmaan","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1NvkfoknrYZl65zstvV15L__guc1zSJe_/view","q":[[4,"Q1. (a) Lack of an orientation to take and own responsibility as moral development is the main cause of poor work ethics in governments' offices. Do you agree with the statement? Give justification.","10","150"],[6,"Q1. (b) The role of discretion is essential for competent decisions by civil servants but it is also among the main reasons for misuse of power. In the light of this statement, discuss how the human conscience can work as a guide for appropriate application of discretion?","10","150"],[8,"Q2. (a) The world has not responded responsibly to international refugees' crisis. Does it show failure of ethics in international relations? Give justification to your view.","10","150"],[10,"Q2. (b) Differentiate the following conflictual values with examples:\na) Ethical Egoism Vs. Psychological Egoism\nb) Libertarianism Vs. Egalitarianism\nc) Moral Relativism Vs. Ethical Absolutism","10","150"],[12,"Q3. (a) Explain the concept of corporate governance. Does it have potential to address the problems of conflict of interest in business sector? Give your view with recent examples.","10","150"],[14,"Q3. (b) Accountability in administration and government is more adhered in terms of letter and not spirit. Can inculcation of professionalism eliminate this anomaly? Explain.","10","150"],[16,"Q4. (a) \"As human beings, our greatness lies not so much in being able to remake the world - that is the myth of the atomic age - as in being able to remake ourselves\" - Mahatma Gandhi. Comment.","10","150"],[18,"Q4. (b) Law is nevertheless an indispensable part of the picture. It is a necessary complement to both morality and ethics. Elucidate.","10","150"],[20,"Q5. (a) What do you understand by 'global ethics'? How it is related to the concept of 'Global Village' or 'Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam'? Explain.","10","150"],[22,"Q5. (b) Social media will not survive without social media ethics. Comment.","10","150"],[23,"How will social media ethics help","",""],[24,"Q6. (a) Should the philosophy of Kautilya as sama, dana, danda and bheda be applied in politics and administration to achieve desirable objectives? How it will affect morality of people? Explain.","10","150"],[26,"Q6. (b) The greatest intoxication is that of the ego. The worst madness is that of anger. The person who is free from arrogance and anger finds goodness and beauty wherever he goes! When we think we know everything, we lose the battle of life. Comment.","10","150"],[27,"5) Talk about wisdom in the end - reference to Socrates.","",""],[28,"Q6. (c) Trust in government is increasingly an issue of concern everywhere. Analyse the statement. Also suggest some measures so that public institutions can be more trust- worthy for citizens.","10","150"],[30,"Q7. Suppose you are the head of regional medical council and the matter has been referred to you then\na) What are the ethical dilemmas in the above case?\nb) What will be your course of action, justify with substantial reasons.","20","250"],[34,"Q8. You are a civil servant come across a situation of child labour in your department. \"Son of a Group D employee, who is seriously ill and is unable to do his job, is performing the duty of his father. In this way he is taking care of his family, his father is bed ridden and can't do any work. He also doesn't want to retire at this stage. The other employees in the office don't have any problem. Rather they are supportive to the boy. You are faced with two choices: either fight against the child labour or make sure the son is not allowed to work or turn a blind eye towards the issue. In this situation, what will your response to the practice of child labour?\"","20","250"],[38,"Q9. An Indian NGO ship plying in Bay of Bengal blocked a Coastguard ship of Bangladesh. By doing so this ship saved the life of around 100 Rohingya migrant who were fleeing Myanmar. As Bangladesh didn't want to take them, as they have already huge burden of refugees, they were forcing them to return, but in the absence of any support, these refugees were destined to die. In this condition, the above NGO ship created blockade in such a way that the refugees entered into Bangladesh. However, in doing so the NGO ship directly disobeyed the orders of Bangladeshi coastguard. Now the captain of the NGO ship is being tried in Bangladesh. However, the captain of the ship is being appreciated by some countries and the international bodies for her valour.\n Identify the ethical issues in this case. Suppose you were the judge in the country where she is being tried then what would be your judgement? Give adequate justification.","20","250"],[42,"Q10. Identify the ethical issues in above situation. As a DM magistrate of the concerned district, identify the course of action. What innovative steps you will take to solve this problem?","20","250"],[46,"Q11. To maintain order, stability and security, after scrapping of article 370, the government has put restrictions on the movement of people and shut down mobile phones, internet and other telecommunications.\nDue to lockdown, a leading global business services provider of customer experience management decides to close its Srinagar BPO and retrenching all 70 employees citing reduction in business in the state.\nIf the company closes the business then it can make the task of the government more difficult in bringing the situation to normal as other businesses will also suffer which will create unemployment and trust deficit among people.\nSuppose you are a senior civil servant heading the administration in the region the company operates then in what way you will intervene, so that, in this extra-ordinary situation, a new problem is not added to the woes of people? Give also justification.","20","250"],[50,"Q12 Last two years have seen a unique movement by women across the world as well as in India i.e. #MeToo movement. Women working in many fields including film industry, journalism, politics, etc have come forward and alleged how they were sexually exploited and harassed by men.\nThe allegations are also against very popular actors, artists, filmmaker, producer and politicians. Though the some incidents happened many years back but the women have suffered from trauma and other problems for years.\nOne thing that has been observed is common among all accusations that those who have been accused have completely rejected the allegations. Some even went on to file back cases against women.\nSuppose the government wants you to look into this matter with an aim to take some measures, so that, in future, such things are minimised and there is a mechanism to try such cases and punish those who are responsible. The government asks you to respond to following as term of references:\na) Discuss the ethical issues\nb) Find out causes why men don't feel remorseful\nc) Recommend measures for ensuring gender justice","20","250"]]},{"i":1029,"t":"Satyam Gandhi","c":"Lukmaan","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/18IR9eo-DpKRiluwkcMqMr8ZrazX4MmTZ/view","q":[[4,"Q1. (a) Explain with help of examples, differences and similarity between values, morality and ethics?","10","150"],[6,"Q1. (b) Discuss why character for human is considered as the most important virtue and in your view, which values are important for civil servants for building a good character?","10","150"],[8,"Q2. (a) What do you understand by 'moral duty' as a philosophy propagated by Immanuel Kant? Explain its relevance in present society.","10","150"],[10,"Q2. (b) What do you understand by human values? Discuss the role and significance of family and school in propagation of such values in children.","10","150"],[12,"Q3. (a) Differentiate the following values considered relevant for civil services:\na) Accountability and responsibility\nb) Responsiveness and resoluteness\nc) Efficiency and effectiveness\nd) Honesty and integrity","10","150"],[14,"Q3. (b) \"Next time someone complains that you have made a mistake, tell him that may be a good thing. Because without imperfection, neither you nor I would exist.\" - Stephen Hawking. Comment.","10","150"],[16,"Q4. (a) Aptitude and attitude are the two sides of the same coin which determine the quality of human personality. Elucidate.","10","150"],[18,"Q4. (b) Discuss why emotional intelligence has become an important part of behavioural competence for human? How it enhances competence of civil servants and why it has become essential part of human resource development?","10","150"],[20,"Q5. (a) When it comes to attitude held by people in India then one often faces stereo-type, prejudices, complacent but hostile and conflictual attitudes. Do you agree? Give arguments.","10","150"],[22,"Q5. (b) What do you understand by constitutional and social morality? Do they have conflictual relations? Explain with appropriate examples.","10","150"],[24,"Q6. (a) \"Capital punishment can be legally justified but not morally.\" Comment.","10","150"],[26,"Q6. (b) \"The equals should be treated equally and unequals should be treated unequally.\" (Aristotle) Comment in the light of relevance of the statement in the present context.","10","150"],[28,"Q6. (c) The utilitarian philosophy of \"the greatest good to the greatest number of people\" though very popular but seems to have been losing its relevance. Do you agree? Give arguments.","10","150"],[30,"Q7 A woman having HIV positive has died in a village by committing suicide. She did it by jumping into a nearby pond. The village is dependent on pond water for sundry purposes including washing clothes and taking baths. Once the news spreads in the village then the people get panicked and stop using pond water as they fear that those who will touch water will get HIV/AIDS and therefore, people demand for evacuating water, sterilising it and then filling it with fresh water. Suppose you are the Gram Pradhan of the village then what will be your response to the demands of villagers?","20","250"],[34,"Q8 Recently on the occasion of Dusehra in Amritser, over 40 people were maimed by two trains running in opposite direction as people were standing on tracks and were not able to hear coming of trains. The panickness also resulted into more casualties. It is said that the place where Ravana's effigy was burned, could occupy only 2000 people but there were over 20,000 people and due to over-crowd, people spread to railway tracks and when trains came nearby, they started running here and there. It was not first time that on a particular occasion, incident happened and people died rather it can be found often in different parts of the country stampedes and casualties.\na) Suppose you were one such spectator present there then what could have been done by you?\nb) After the incident, how you will analyse the role of organiser, Indian railways and local administration?\nc) In your view, what measures should be taken to tackle such types of incidents happening throughout the country?","20","250"],[38,"Q9. In one such district, the number of crimes has increased and also corruption. Murder, killing, stealing/snatching, smugglings, corruption in government schemes/projects etc, are on all time high. The criminals roam free and often threaten local administration. Since they have political connections, generally local administration goes slow against them or even if they are arrested, they get bails.\nAt the same time, the local administration is also to be blamed as they in day to day life are also corrupt which is often justified by some government employees. They say that due to lack of infrastructure and support from superiors, they are forced to become corrupt.\nSuppose you are the newly appointed District Magistrate then discuss your courses of action to tackle the problems in the case study?","20","250"],[42,"Q.10. Mr A, is an ordinary Indian citizen. He runs a celebrated food outlet outside a glitzy building located in a commercial complex in a mega city where corporate offices of many MNCs are housed. The stall feeds scores of people working in the corporations based in the building and the area and hundreds of visitors every day.\nJust like almost every other ordinary Indian, corruption is inevitably attached to his life as well. The number of palms Mr. A has to grease regularly is bewildering. There are local beat constables who take free lunches. The police officials take as much as Rs 10,000 a month for allowing Mr. A to keep the stall open till late night.\nAdd to this the officials from various local authorities who receive regular payments - around Rs 3000-4000 a month - to ensure that health, safety and hygiene inspections go smoothly.\nSuppose you are a vigilance officer, happen to have lunch at Mr A food outlet and he narrates the above experiences to you then\na) What will be your reaction after hearing his experiences?\nb) What you will advice to Mr A and why?","20","250"],[46,"Q11. Mr A had hip-implant five years ago but now he finds that it is defective. The company which manufactures this implant has come to know from different sources that the hip-implants are defective and hence, it has issued order for withdrawal of such implants from the markets of different countries. Like Mr A there are hundreds of other people in India who now find that their hip-implant is also defective. Therefore, such people start demanding compensation and actions against doctors, hospitals and the company. Since company belongs to the US and hence, there are regulatory challenges in India. The company has paid compensation in US and the issue has been settled over there, but in India, the company is trying to avoid its responsibility.\na) Suppose you are Mr A then in such situation, what should be your courses of action?\nb) Discuss the ethical issues in the case study.","20","250"],[50,"Q12 There is report of cow slaughter in one such area which results into spread of rumour due to which there is building up of strong protest by people demanding immediate action. Over 400 hundred people gather which outnumber police and even threaten police.\na) Suppose you are a police officer facing a violent mob similar to the incident like Bulandshaher recently, then in such situation what should be your courses of action.\nb) What measures you will suggest so that in future such types of incidents are stopped?","20","250"],[51,"(a) Course of action of police officer","",""]]},{"i":1030,"t":"Satyam Gandhi","c":"Lukmaanias","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1a7szKv7UAZDsJYv_PGlZ8K6O84n2KplK/view","q":[[4,"1 (a) Explain the significance of ethics in improving personal and societal well-being. (150 words)","10","150"],[6,"1. (b) Religion and ethics both aim for improving conduct but in different ways. Explain with examples.","10","150"],[8,"2. (a) Whether means are more important than ends or ends are more important than means? Explain in the context of a civil servant role in society.","10","150"],[10,"2. (b) Which great personality has motivated you the most in your ethical development? Give a brief account of his/his teachings. Giving specific examples describe how you have been able to apply these teachings for your own ethical development.","10","150"],[12,"3. (a) In which way, our attitude is shaped and guided by the family and social surroundings in which we grow up? Explain the manifestations of such attitude of people in society.","10","150"],[14,"3. (b) \"Anyone can be angry - that is easy. But to be angry with the right person, to the right degree, at the right time, for the right purpose, and in the right way - that is not easy.\" - Aristotle.","10","150"],[16,"4. (a) \"Nearly all men can stand adversity, but if you want to test a man's character, give him power.\" — Abraham Lincoln. Comment.","10","150"],[18,"4. (b) How ethics in private relationships affects ethics in public relationships?","10","150"],[20,"5. (a) What do you understand by scientific temper and spirit of enquiry? As a responsible citizen of the country how would you fulfill your fundamental duty to develop the scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform? (150 words)","10","150"],[22,"5. (b) How far do you agree that prayers should be allowed in schools? To what extent they are effective in inculcation of ethical values among the children?","10","150"],[24,"6. (a) How could social influence and persuasion contribute to change the prejudiced attitudes in society? Explain with examples.","10","150"],[26,"6. (b) \"Seeking forgiveness for own mistakes is a trait of strong and not weak person.\" Mahatma Gandhi. In the light of the statement, discuss why forgiveness should be perused in present society as a strong value?","10","150"],[29,"6. (c) \"What really matters for success, character, happiness and life long achievements is a definite set of emotional skills - not just purely cognitive abilities.\" - Daniel Goleman. Elucidate.","10","150"],[31,"6. (c) \"What really matters for success, character, happiness and life-long achievements is a definite set of emotional skills — not just purely cognitive abilities.\" — Daniel Goleman. Elucidate. (150 words)","10","150"],[33,"7. Mr. A is an employee of a reputed Multi National Company (MNC). The company has very good image in the society. The Company is also known for its transparent work culture and promoting corporate governance practices. While working on particular project, Mr. A come across the certain information where he comes to know that CEO of the company has followed unethical practices to boost short term revenue and profits of the Company. Mr. A knows that it is against the foundational values of the organization as well as societal interest. In such situation, following are the option with Mr A\na) He should share it with any senior and seek advice what to do?\nb) He should directly talk to the CEO of the company and reason out for the behaviour.\nc) He should complain to the appropriate department in the company.\nd) He should write a letter to the concerned department of the Government to blow whistle.","20","250"],[37,"1. What are the ethical dilemmas faced by you in this situation?\n2. Discuss the values that should guide you in writing an article in given situation and give reasons why they are important.","","250"],[41,"9. You are a Sarpanch of a Panchayat. There is a primary school run by the government in your area. There is societal convention emerged that students will wear the caste bands of different colours. The students of lower caste are identified on the basis of colour of the band and they are mistreated by fellow students as well as teachers. The school management is aware of the practices but did not take any action.\nWhen Block education officer came to know about the practice, he issued notice to school administration to end the practice and take action against those promoting it. In few days the attendance rate dropped suddenly as half of the children belonging to higher castes were not allowed to go in the school by their parents. This could result in the possibility of subsequent closing down the school.\nDiscuss your strategies to effectively address the problems in the case study. Also identify the values which are under threat due to discriminatory behavior.","","250"],[45,"10. The students of a reputed central university are protesting against fee hike by the university administration. The university needs to sustain its finances as funds from the government found to be insufficient. At the same time, the students from poor and rural sections of the society may not be able to get opportunity to receive education from the university. Generally, the fee so far remained very nominal which helped students from poor background.\nSuppose you are a senior official working in the administration of the university and vice-chancellor of the university appoints you to solve the issue amicably. Discuss your courses of action with reasons.","20","250"],[49,"11. You are District Collector and in your district there is a village which was awarded a national award for 100% coverage in Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana (for LPG connection). Recently a group of social researchers visit this village. They started interviewing the villagers on the pattern of uses of LPG. The research covered all villagers irrespective of their economic and social backgrounds. Around 90% of the respondents claimed that they use solid fuels in their daily cooking. Those who were affluent, they hired labourers to cut wood for cooking purposes. And in poor household women walk several kilometers for forest wood as deforestation decreased the nearby forest. Sometimes they spend the entire day in forest collecting the forest wood. Upon asking why they are not using the LPG, they give different reasons such as food cooked on a chulha is healthier and tastier as compared to the rotis cooked on gas cause indigestion. Some claims that smoke from chulha is good for eyes as it causes tears. However, few women had their own story to tell, they say that they are more comfortable in using LPG. They admit that initially they were so happy that they thought that LPG would end their misery. They would not have to make cow dung cakes or cover a long forest route which is dangerous for them. But their excitements soon fade away when the first cylinder became due for refill. As it was not only costly for them to get it refilled but the supply was also erratic. You come to know about this research which will be published shortly in prominent newspapers then what will be your courses of action to tackle the challenges faced by the villagers?","","250"],[53,"12 Suppose you are District Collector of that district then\na) What are the ethical issues involved in this case and who should be held responsible for the death of the woman?\nb) How such type of problems can be avoided in the future? Explain with reasons.(250 words)","20","250"]]},{"i":1031,"t":"Satyam Gandhi","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1hi8pZMzozVzMVUaarhnUTggYZC6ugjTC/view","q":[[3,"1. (a) Norms of social morality should not be applied to acts of civil servants while they are carrying out their professional roles and responsibilities to further the common good. Critically analyse.","10","150"],[5,"1. (b) Determination of ethics in state policies and actions is not easy because every policy and action has both positive and negative aspects viewed from different stakeholders' perspectives. Discuss with suitable examples.","10","150"],[7,"2. (a) What do you understand by global ethics in today's world? Highlight the role that global ethics can play in achieving universally accepted goals.","10","150"],[9,"2. (b) Highlight the important teachings of Swami Vivekananda, relevant to the youth of today.","10","150"],[11,"3 (a) Courage is the most important of all the virtues because without courage, you can't practice any other virtue consistently.","10","150"],[13,"3. (b) One has not only a legal but also a moral responsibility to obey just laws. Conversely, one has a moral responsibility to disobey unjust laws.","10","150"],[15,"4. (a) Can a war ever be justified on moral grounds? Support your answer with suitable arguments.","10","150"],[17,"4. (b) Do you think that ethical principles are universal in nature? Justify your answer with relevant examples.","10","150"],[19,"5. (a) For civil servants, both professional competence and commitment to ethics are equally important. Analyze.","10","150"],[21,"5. (b) Despite changing family structure, it still plays an important role in nurturing core societal values. Discuss.","10","150"],[23,"6. Impartiality as a core value of civil services should not become a hurdle in showing compassion towards weaker sections of the society. Examine.","10","150"],[25,"7. Tolerance is not enough, it is the idea of acceptance that accommodates diversities and makes a society inclusive. Elaborate.","10","150"],[27,"8. Companies adhering to the norms of corporate governance emerge as winners in the long run. Evaluate with the help of suitable examples.","10","150"],[29,"9. You are posted as a DCP in the national capital of the country. In a locality which falls under your jurisdiction, protests have been going on for the last one month against a decision taken by the government. While these protests have been non-violent in nature and are being led by women, the protesters have blocked a major road which connects a number of satellite cities. This has led to traffic jams and congestion causing inconvenience to people who use this road for commuting to work causing hardships and a loss to the economy. A number of people filed complaints in this regard and also approached the courts. The High Court has directed the police to keep larger public interest in mind and take appropriate action.\n\nIn light of the information given above, answer the following questions:\n(a) While highlighting the significance of right to protest in a democratic setup, discuss the limitations on this right, even if the protests are non-violent, as in this case.\n(b) What are the options available to you?\n(c) Evaluate each of these options and choose the option you would adopt, giving reasons.","20","around 250"],[34,"10. You are a sportsman who has been recently included in the national team squad for an upcoming international tournament. Many others are fighting for the same position and you would like to cement your place in the team as soon as possible. While you are practicing at a training session for the tournament with your fellow team mates, one amongst them offers you a prohibited substance. He claims that it will help you in improving your performance in the tournament. He also informs you that a lot of other team mates also use performance enhancing drugs or PEDs to improve their performance in tournaments.\nIn this context, answer the following questions:\n(a) What are the options available to you in the above case? Which amongst these will you choose and why?\n(b) Discuss the ethical issues involved in doping by sportspersons.","20",""],[39,"11. Recently, the four accused in the rape and murder of a veterinary doctor were shot down by the police while they were in police custody. The police claimed that the four accused were taken to the site of the rape in the early hours of the morning. They managed to snatch two pistols from the policemen, fired and injured two cops, and were shot in retaliation. Soon thereafter, a majority of the public welcomed the news of the police shooting the alleged rapists.\nWhy is it that people applaud these actions of the police? Do you share such sentiments? Justify with relevant arguments.","20",""],[44,"12. Public policy is being increasingly informed by insights from the behavioural sciences. One such behavioural approach is the Nudge theory. It is mainly concerned with the design of choices, which influences the decisions we make. Nudge theory proposes that the designing of choices should be based on how people actually think and decide, rather than how leaders and authorities traditionally believe people think and decide.\nIn this context, answer the following questions:\n(a) Giving examples, illustrate the difference between enforced change and 'Nudge' techniques?\n(b) Identify the ethical concerns associated with the nudge technique. Also, suggest ways for using nudging theory ethically.","20",""],[49,"13. You are posted as a District Magistrate in a remote district in India. The district is prone to frequent natural disasters which often lead to breakdown of the administrative machinery. The educational and health institutes in the district suffer the most as the supply of goods is disrupted during any such disaster. You have been given the task to enroll the people in your district for a government program which requires gathering information from people using door to door campaigns. However, people in the district are not forthcoming and are refusing to comply with the directions. Upon interaction with the local leaders, you realize that their trust on local administration has also eroded.\n(a) What are the administrative challenges that you face in such a situation to restore the credibility of the administration?\n(b) Given the resources and command of the government, what short-term and long-term measures can be taken to earn back the trust of the people and their willing cooperation?","20",""],[54,"14. In contemporary times, disruptions have become an endemic feature of the functioning of Indian Parliament. Though it is not a new phenomenon, disruptions, which were an exception earlier, seem to have become the new normal. The years gone by have seen MPs raise slogans, snatch papers from ministers and indulge in theatrics. Crucial time of the Parliament, which ought to have been spent in debating appropriateness of legislation or other important issues, is getting unnecessarily wasted.\nIn this context, answer the following:\n(a) Identify the ethical issues involved from the point of view of different stakeholders?\n(b) What are the reasons behind such a scenario?\n(c) Is merely having a code of conduct or ethics sufficient to resolve this situation?","20",""]]},{"i":1032,"t":"Satyam Gandhi","c":"Lukmaanias","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ZEafxqPW9ghKtiDGmg-2OPRQuwonG36A/view","q":[[4,"1. (a) Ethics is derived from social norms but all social norms are not ethical. Explain with examples.","10","150"],[6,"1. (b) \"Good people don't need law but bad people will always find their ways around law.\" (Plato). Comment.","10","150"],[8,"2. (a) What are the determinants of moral values of a society? How they influence adherence of ethics in such society? Explain with examples.","10","150"],[10,"2. (b) Why some values are considered as human values? What the relevance they have for society?","10","150"],[12,"3. (a) Discuss how the attitude of people influences their conduct? Enumerate positive and negative attributes of attitude held by people in India.","10","150"],[14,"3. (b) Define emotional intelligence and explain its major components.","10","150"],[16,"4. (a) For effective functioning of civil services, what should be the main characteristics of aptitude? Explain with justification.","10","150"],[18,"4. (b) Should civil servants merely follow the orders of superiors without questioning them? Give justification to your view.","10","150"],[20,"5. (a) Should civil servants be concerned about the decisions of the government even if they are not directly linked to them and raise their voice if they are not in the letter and spirit of the constitution?","10","150"],[22,"5. (b) \"Power corrupts and absolute power corrupts absolutely.\" Comment with appropriate examples.","10","150"],[24,"6. (a) Which philosophy should in your view work as golden rule for people- deontology or teleology? Give justification to your view.","10","150"],[26,"6. (b) State reasons why war is not considered as the first option rather is taken as the last resort?","10","150"],[28,"6. (c) Discuss why people continuously try to make life safe and secure? Does this endeavour make them selfish and force them for wrongful conduct? Argue your view.","10","150"],[30,"7. A judge of the supreme court has been part of a judgement. Now the matter has been referred to a five judge bench in which he is also a member. The judge is known for his honesty and integrity. But there is immense pressure on him to recuse himself as his presence brings potential conflict of interest. But he refuses to do so.\nIn your view, what should be the most appropriate conduct in this situation? Give adequate reasons for the justification of your view.","20","250"],[34,"8. In the wake of scrapping of Article 370, two civil servants have resigned from the service as IAS. They are of the view that the building blocks of the democracy are at threat and they cannot be the part of the system. It has become difficult to work with the government.\nAs an IAS, they were highly meritorious and had earned the government acclaim. Their resignation has resulted into a debate that should civil servants be given more autonomy especially freedom of expression?\n\nSuppose you are also a civil servant then how would you respond to the resignations of the two civil servants? Give justification to your view?","20","250"],[38,"9. Government is about to announce a project for which you have been given task to prepare details. It is proposed to be announced within few months. You have discussed some aspects of the project with your wife to take her opinion. She also shares this with her colleagues in her office which is a private company. Eventually, there seems to be leakage of information on the project which can give undue benefits to the private company as it is an expected applicant.\nThe government sets up a inquiry for disciplinary proceeding. What will be your response before the committee?","20","250"],[42,"10. Suppose you the newly appointed district magistrate then what will be your course of action. Also give justification to your actions.","20","250"],[46,"11. You are a senior level officer in the government responsible for utilisation of a corpus of Rs. 800 crore fund for some welfare activities. You have been told by a minister of the state to divert the fund for flood relief in the state. Although you have power to do so but any diversion of the fund needs proper justification in the annual financial report and if found any lacuna then it can be the case of financial impropriety. Will you divert the fund? Give your view.","20","250"],[49,"Briefly mention about importance of prudent utilisation of public funds.","",""],[50,"12. You have been appointed as the SP of a district and you come to notice corrupt practices by the police. On further inquiry you find that the police infrastructure is very poor. It also doesn't have adequate funds to meet its day to day requirements. Hence, a culture has emerged that police collect money from vehicles, shops, etc. to meet its expenditure. Even the police has the support of some senior officers and they also receive the benefits of bribe culture. You hold a meeting and try to convince them that their practices are unlawful and unbecoming of police as an institution but they are not convinced. Suppose you are the SP then what should be your courses of actions and why?","20","250"]]},{"i":733,"t":"Saumya Mishra","c":"Forumias","p":"GS3","y":2024,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Saumya-Mishra-UPSC-2024-Rank-18-MGP-Sample-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[2,"Q.1) How far do you agree that a robust domestic demand is the most important driver of India's economic growth? What are other factors that influence the growth trajectory of the country?","10","150"],[4,"Q.2) Macroeconomic stability is not solely dependent on the quantity of foreign exchange reserves, but also on the strategy and sources on which they are built. Discuss in an Indian context.","10","150"],[6,"Q.3) DPI (Digital Public Infrastructure) is a critical enabler of digital transformation for both businesses and citizens; however, it comes with its own set of challenges. Examine.","10","150"],[8,"Q.4) The skewed emphasis on certain crops has distorted the cropping pattern in India, which has led to grave socio-economic and environmental consequences. Elaborate.","10","150"],[10,"Q.5 Private participation in propelling India's space journey is widely acknowledged but is yet to be fully tapped. In light of the statement, analyse the hurdles faced by the private sector and also recommend measures to unlock greater private participation in the space economy.","10","150"],[12,"Q.6) With recent advances in technology, robots are now equipped to perform more than just conventional and routine tasks, which brings new opportunities as well as risks. In this context, evaluate the future potential of the robotics sector.","10","150"],[14,"Q.7) Write an explanatory note on the causes and impacts of avalanches. Also, highlight the various strategies to mitigate its impact, with a special emphasis on NDMA guidelines.","10","150"],[16,"Q.8) Technology plays an important role in augmenting the disaster management apparatus of the country. Discuss. Also, explain the measures needed to enhance the usage of such technologies in managing disasters.","10","150"],[18,"Q.9 Outlining the various cyber threats faced by India, assess the state of the country's preparedness to deal with the same.","10","150"],[20,"Q.10) Explain how the geographical location of India makes it extremely vulnerable to the menace of drug trafficking. What are the various ways in which India is affected by drug trafficking?","10","150"],[43,"Q.18 The invisible nature of groundwater is a major obstacle in the path towards achieving the twin objectives of building climate resilience and meeting the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Elucidate.","15","250"],[44,"Q.19 Despite various efforts, a lasting solution to the insurgency in the north-eastern region of India remains elusive. Analyse the reasons behind the continuation of insurgency in the region. Also, suggest effective measures to tackle it.","15","250"],[47,"Q.20) While developmental initiatives have a significant role to play, they alone cannot root out terrorism/militancy in Jammu and Kashmir. Comment.","15","250"]]},{"i":1033,"t":"Saumya Sharma","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/15TF2Jh0AKcyopTTBGjaeaLf3ULYBYRvZ/view","q":[[3,"1. (a) Examine how role models influence ethical behaviour. What actions can leaders take to integrate ethical conduct in their organisations?","10","not more than 150"],[5,"1. (b) According to Aristotle, for persuasion, not only Ethos (credibility of the speaker) and Logos (logical argument) but Pathos (emotional connection to the audience) is equally important. Comment.","10",""],[7,"2. (a) With appropriate examples, discuss various ethical challenges associated with the utilization of public funds in India. Suggest strategies to effectively deal with these challenges.","10",""],[9,"2. (b) With proliferation of social media, people have got the opportunity to express their views anonymously and more freely. (a) What according to you, is its effect on the social and political culture of the country? (b) Discuss the role of social media in changing one's attitude, particularly the youth.\n(a) What according to you, is its effect on the social and political culture of the country?\n(b) Discuss the role of social media in changing one's attitude, particularly the youth.","10",""],[11,"3. (a) What are the various components of an organization's work culture? What are key issues that need to be addressed in any organisation to create a more developmental and performance oriented culture?","10",""],[13,"3. (b) There is a difference between what a person has a right to do and what the right thing to do is and often there is a conflict between these two. (a) Illustrate with examples the ethical issues that can arise because of such a conflict. (b) How does this conflict play out if someone wants to protest against injustice?\n(a) Illustrate with examples the ethical issues that can arise because of such a conflict.\n(b) How does this conflict play out if someone wants to protest against injustice?","10",""],[15,"4. (a) It is vain to talk of the interest of the community, without understanding what is the interest of the individual. Discuss the statement in the present context.","10",""],[17,"4. (b) Vision and intentions are necessary components of political ethics. However, equally important are the process of implementation, tools used and the established system. Elaborate with examples.","10",""],[19,"5. (a) Swami Vivekanand brought religion to the centre-stage and gave a new meaning to it while stressing the need for harmony among faiths. In this context, discuss the relevance of his teachings in contemporary society.","","10"],[21,"5. (b) Access to quality basic services plays a critical role in enhancing individual capabilities to participate fully in the growth of the nation. (a) Discuss the statement in the context of vulnerable sections of India. (b) Analyse the challenges with regard to quality service delivery in India.\na Discuss the statement in the context of vulnerable sections of India.\nb Analyse the challenges with regard to quality service delivery in India.","10",""],[23,"6. Is Emotional Intelligence influenced by cultural moorings? How would you differentiate the applicability of Emotional Intelligence in Indian society from that of Western society?","10",""],[25,"7. Evaluate the success of RTI in bringing governance reforms in the country. Examine whether it has served the purpose it was meant for.","10",""],[27,"8. The decisive role that money plays in elections creates a vicious cycle of corruption. (a) Elaborate in the context of India. (b) Discuss whether state funding of elections can help in curbing the menace of political corruption in India.\na) Elaborate in the context of India.\nb) Discuss whether state funding of elections can help in curbing the menace of political corruption in India.","10",""],[29,"9. You are the officer in charge of development planning of a state whose capital is the technology hub of the country. However, the capital city is overcrowded and marred by traffic congestion. A group of top MNCs have approached you and showed their interest in expanding their operations in the capital provided that the highway connecting the SEZ to airport is widened. This has been cited as an important business requirement. The expansion of MNC operations is expected to create numerous jobs and would bring in huge revenues to the State. At the same time, the road connectivity in rest of the state, especially the rural areas, is abysmal and is in need of urgent attention. Media has been highlighting the incidents of deaths due to delay in hospitalization and other such issues which can be directly attributed to poor condition of roads. As the officer in charge of the development planning you find that the road widening project will entail huge cost and would severely curtail the rural road development programme currently being undertaken by the state.\n(a) What challenges do you face as the officer in charge, in this situation?\n(b) State your priorities and discuss how you plan to achieve them in the context of given challenges.","","in around 250"],[35,"10. You are the SP of a district where a large number of followers of a particular sect reside. The district also hosts a large Ashram where regular gathering of the followers take place. The leader of the sect has been under the scanner of the judiciary for his involvement in illegal activities. Now the court has ordered his immediate arrest and an order pronouncing the same has been sent to you. You have been asked to comply with the orders within two days. A large number of followers, which include women and children, have already thronged the Ashram in anticipation of arrest of the leader. Intelligence units have informed about the presence of not only large stock of food and water but also ammunition, inside the Ashram. Your request urging the followers to vacate the site has failed.\n(a) What could be the reason for people's defiance?\n(b) List the issues involved in the case.\n(c) What will be your plan of action?","20",""],[41,"11. Ramesh, a very hardworking person, is the sole bread earner in his family. He has worked with an oil company's local affiliate for several years, and has established a strong, trustworthy relationship with Suresh, manager of the local facility. Suresh has recently recommended Ramesh to be recruited as the corporate consulting engineer for the company, which would be a position of greater responsibility along with a stable income. During a casual conversation, Suresh mentions an incident in the 1960s wherein 10,000 gallons of a petrochemical was leaked into the local environment by the company due to negligence, though at the time no damage was found, and no mention of this leak was made to the press. When Ramesh mentions that the state law requires him to report all spills, Suresh reminds him that no harm had been done and reminds him that the company can't have a consulting engineer who does not value loyalty and respect confidentiality.\n(a) Identify the ethical issues involved in the given case.\n(b) What are the options available to Ramesh in this situation? Evaluate each of them.\n(c) Had you been at Ramesh's place, what would have been your course of action? Give reasons for the same.","20",""],[47,"12. You are the CEO of a social media company that has a wide user base. The social network offered by your company has emerged as a platform for people to interact with each other and share news, opinions etc. However, at the same time, women are being repeatedly harassed and cyber bullied through this network. Whenever any instance of harassment is brought to notice of the company, your staff members immediately deactivate the account of the culprit. However, since new accounts can be created easily, such incidents continue to happen. Also, the system to verify one's account details has been deemed lax by public authorities and human rights groups. But in order to increase the user base, you have to ensure that it is easy for a new user to sign up. Increase in the user base leads to more advertisements on your network, which is a source of huge annual turnover for the company. At the same time, in wake of increasing instances of harassment, you also need to tighten the process of creating new accounts and deactivate or delete the ones being misused.\n(a) Highlight the options available to you in this scenario and evaluate each of them. What course of action will you take and why?\n(b) Is there a need for having reasonable restrictions on social media for it to remain a platform of healthy and fruitful engagement. Analyse from the viewpoint of different stakeholders.","20",""],[53,"13. You and your friend are living together in a metropolitan city and preparing for civil service examinations. While you manage to meet your daily targets, you sense that your friend is unable to cope up with the pressure of the exam. Fear of not passing the exam and meeting the expectations of his family is stressing him further. You realise that with time your friend is losing interest in everything and often talks about committing suicide if he is unable to meet his goal. He is also missing out on meals and prefers to stay indoors when asked to venture out. When you sought professional help, the doctor diagnosed your friend with clinical depression. Being aware that your friend needs professional counselling and psychiatric care, you reach out to his parents who reside in a rural area. They rebuff you for suggesting counselling and instead reiterate that nothing is wrong with him. They sternly mention that your bringing up the matter will only make people engage in loose talk. They also ignore you when you politely inform them that it is not wise to ignore one's mental health. Your friend's parents see his state as a sign of failure and decide to call him home where he can continue with his preparation. You are aware of the gravity of the situation if your friend goes back to his house. You also know that there is very little awareness about mental health and that the solution is not to ignore it but to take necessary measures to tackle it.\n(a) As a concerned friend and an aspiring civil servant who can frame policies for the public in the future and has a moral duty towards them, what are the options available to you in such a situation?\n(b) Evaluate each of these options and choose the option you would adopt, giving reasons","20",""],[54,"(a) मित्र के कल्याण के लिए चिंतित एवं सिविल सेवक बनने की आकांक्षा रखने वाले व्यक्ति के रूप में, जो भविष्य में जनता के लिए नीतियों की रूपरेखा तय कर सकता है और जिसकी उनके प्रति नैतिक जिम्मेदारी होती है; ऐसी स्थिति में आपके पास कौन-से विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?  \n(b) इनमें से प्रत्येक विकल्प का मूल्यांकन कीजिए और कारण बताते हुए वह विकल्प चुनिए जो आप अपनाएँगे।\na) मित्र के कल्याण के लिए चिंतित एवं सिविल सेवक बनने की आकांक्षा रखने वाले व्यक्ति के रूप में, जो भविष्य में जनता के लिए नीतियों की रूपरेखा तय कर सकता है और जिसकी उनके प्रति नैतिक जिम्मेदारी होती है; ऐसी स्थिति में आपके पास कौन-से विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\nb) इनमें से प्रत्येक विकल्प का मूल्यांकन कीजिए और कारण बताते हुए वह विकल्प चुनिए जो आप अपनाएँगे।","",""],[60,"14. You are the Managing Director of a multinational company that prides on hiring people from diverse backgrounds. The company also chooses multiple projects under Corporate Social Responsibility that are geared towards social inclusion and empowerment of vulnerable sections of the society. Miss 'X' who works in your office tells you that she has been diagnosed with HIV. It happened due to malpractice by a medical practitioner who re-used a contaminated syringe that led Miss 'X' to contract the disease. The company has strict policies about toleration and you ensure Miss 'X' that she can continue with her job in the company without facing any form of discrimination. A few days after the revelation, Miss 'X' angrily submits her resignation letter. She states that she has faced discrimination at the workplace everyday after the revelation. Her colleagues are hesitant to eat lunch with her, they make sure they do not drink water from the same source and the females in the office comment on her marital status. She is also asked to sit separately during departmental discussions. She intends to sue the company for mental harassment. If she takes the step, the public image of the company will be maligned and its non-discriminatory policies will be questioned. The following are some suggested options for you to deal with the situation as a Managing Director of the company. Evaluate the merits and demerits of each of the options:\n(a) You accept her resignation and suggest a compensation package so that she refrains from suing the company.\n(b) You persuade her not to submit her resignation and transfer her to another department.\n(c) You ask her to continue with her job and take strict action against the colleagues who discriminated against her Also, state (without necessarily restricting to the above options) your course of action, giving proper reasons.","20",""]]},{"i":736,"t":"Saurabh Sharma","c":"Vision","p":"GS1","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/0099b-01068271_4510_saurabh-sharma_rank_146.pdf","q":[[6,"1. Folk music serves as a repository of the cultural identity. Discuss the role of folk music in preserving cultural heritage and promoting social cohesion.","10","150"],[8,"2. How does the Vesara style of temple architecture represent a synthesis of the Nagara and Dravida styles? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[10,"3. Discuss the role played by Indians living abroad in advancing the cause of India's freedom struggle. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[12,"4. How did the Marshall Plan influence the economic recovery and political stability of post-war Europe? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[14,"5. Discuss the factors responsible for increased cyclonic activity in the Arabian Sea. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"6. How can technological interventions help in transforming the textile sector in India? What are the initiatives that the government has taken in this regard? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[18,"7. What is a seiche and how does it form? Discuss the geographical conditions under which seiches are most likely to occur. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[20,"8. How has rapid urbanisation affected the socio-cultural landscape of peri-urban regions in India? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[22,"9. Examine the role of historical and socio-political factors in driving communalism in Indian politics. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[24,"10. Globalization has significantly influenced the aspirations, lifestyle, and value systems of Indian youth. Discuss with suitable examples. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[26,"11. Examine how Chandragupta-II's reign symbolised a golden age of cultural development, laying the foundation for future advancements in Indian art and literature. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[29,"12. Evaluate the intended and unintended consequences of British educational policies for the Indian society in the colonial period. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[32,"13. India's territorial disputes after independence were not merely about borders, but also encompassed issues of national identity, historical grievances, and geopolitical strategies. Discuss.","15","250"],[35,"14. Discuss the geographical conditions responsible for the development of shola forests in the upper reaches of the Western Ghats. Highlight their ecological significance.","15","Answer in 250"],[38,"15. Discuss the potential of natural hydrogen as a fuel to meet growing global energy demands? Why is it still an untapped industry? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[39,"Why still untapped?","",""],[41,"16. Why is there a shift of labour-intensive industries from China to South and Southeast Asia? Discuss the advantages and challenges for India in this context.","15","Answer in 250"],[44,"17. Explain the socio-economic transformations resulting from women's migration to metropolitan areas in India.","15","250"],[47,"18. The institution of marriage in India is increasingly becoming a site of conspicuous consumption and commodification. Critically examine the impact of this commercialisation on social equity and gender relations. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[50,"19. Analyse how recognizing, reducing, and redistributing care work can foster gender equality and promote inclusive development in India.","15","Answer in 250"],[53,"20. Discuss the changing nature of family structures in urban India. How is it impacting elderly care and socialization of the youth? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"]]},{"i":737,"t":"Saurabh Sharma","c":"Vision","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/b0dcc-01068271_4511_saurabh-sharma_rank_146.pdf","q":[[6,"1. How does the Supreme Court’s recent decision on Aligarh Muslim University’s minority status affect the interpretation of Article 30 of the Indian Constitution? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[8,"2. The Supreme Court, in a recent verdict, prescribed a time period for the Governor's assent to state legislative bills. What are the implications of this judgment for cooperative federalism and legislative accountability in India? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[10,"3. Discuss the recent changes and initiatives related to cooperatives that aim to smoothen the tussle between the Centre and States in the cooperative sector.","10","150"],[12,"4. In recent years, use of social media and digital mobilisation by civil society has emerged as a powerful form of pressure politics. Examine its impact on policymaking and democratic accountability.","10","150"],[14,"5. How is Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) emerging as a business-led solution for addressing development challenges in India? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"6. Discuss how mechanisms like public consultations and Jan Sunwais in India impact governance outcomes.","10","Answer in 150"],[18,"7. How effective have the National Action Plan for Drug Demand Reduction (NAPDDR) and Nasha Mukt Bharat Abhiyaan been in addressing substance abuse in India? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[20,"8. Rote learning and neglect of creativity in foundational education setup in India make it less ready for marketplaces that are now driven by Artificial Intelligence. Do you agree with this view? Substantiate your argument.","10","150"],[21,"3) Rote learning hinders cognitive development","",""],[22,"9. Analyze the transformation of the G7 from a symbol of Western strategic unity to a forum marked by internal contradictions. How should India navigate this changing dynamic to advance its strategic interests?","10","150"],[24,"10. Discuss the role of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in the development of developing countries. What are the key criticisms associated with its approach? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[26,"11. The 103rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 2019 has introduced a new dimension to the principle of affirmative action in India. Critically examine its implications for the broader goal of social justice.","15","250"],[29,"12. The District Planning Committee (DPC) was envisioned as a key instrument to strengthen grassroots-level planning. How far has it succeeded in achieving this goal? Discuss the challenges faced by DPCs and suggest measures to make them more effective.","15","250"],[32,"13. The restrictions imposed under Article 293 of the Constitution on State borrowing powers, though constitutionally valid, may hinder fiscal autonomy of States and disrupt cooperative federalism. Discuss in the light of recent developments. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[35,"14. Examine the tension between the right to contest elections and the need to uphold electoral ethics under the Representation of the People Act. Should there be a lifetime ban on convicted criminals? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[38,"15. To what extent has the Beti Bachao Beti Padhao (BBBP) scheme, launched in 2015, succeeded in addressing the declining child sex ratio and empowering the girl child? Suggest measures to enhance its impact at the grassroots level.","15","Answer in 250"],[41,"16. Self-Help Groups (SHGs) are emerging as vehicles of socio-economic transformation in rural India. Examine the role of government in scaling their reach and effectiveness. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[44,"17. Despite economic growth, multidimensional poverty continues to persist in India. Analyse the underlying causes and discuss the measures taken by the government to address them. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[47,"18. India faces a paradox of food surplus and nutritional deficit. Analyse the structural reasons behind this paradox and suggest reform strategies. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[50,"19. India's timely response during the economic crises in Sri Lanka and the Maldives reflects its \"Neighbourhood First\" policy in action. Examine how Indian aid has impacted bilateral ties with these nations. What steps can further be taken to promote sustainable economic cooperation in the Indian Ocean region? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[53,"20. Discuss the geostrategic significance of Afghanistan for India in the context of continental connectivity and access to Central Asia. How has the altered political landscape post-2021 affected India's connectivity and energy corridor ambitions? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"]]},{"i":734,"t":"Saurabh Sharma","c":"Vision","p":"GS3","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/d5764-1068271_2081_saurabh-sharma_rank_146.pdf","q":[[1,"1. (a) Too much dependence on data driven technologies can result in data colonisation and digital dictatorship. Discuss the various issues that may arise in this context and suggest remedial measures.","10","150"],[3,"1. (b) Due to the recent proliferation of social media, influencers have become important agents of change in the society. Discuss with examples. Also, highlight the ethical issues involved. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[5,"2. (a) Prejudice and discrimination when left unaddressed have the potential to turn conflicts into violence. Discuss with examples. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[7,"2. (b) Non-violence is the highest form of fundamental moral virtue. Comment.","10","150"],[9,"3. (a) Though the ‘Me Too Movement’ helped in creating some murmur with respect to sexual harassment of women at workplace, it has failed to create a lasting positive impact on the work culture in India. Do you agree? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[11,"3. (b) India ranks 85th amongst 180 countries in the Corruption Perception Index of 2021. In this context, discuss the various ways to tackle corruption in India, with special reference to Kautilya's Arthashastra.","10","150"],[13,"4. (a) An ethical work culture not only drives positive organisational outcomes but also helps employees thrive. Discuss.","10","150"],[15,"4. (b) Bring out the ethical principles on which a Citizen's Charter is formulated. Also, discuss its purpose and effectiveness in India.","10","150"],[17,"5. (a) Probity in public life is nothing but the reflection of integrity in personal life. Discuss.","10","150"],[19,"5. (b) The work culture of the police in India is said to be characterised by indecision, inefficiency and lack of empathy. Discuss. Also, suggest remedial measures in this context.","10","150"],[21,"6 What does each of the following quotations mean to you?\n(a) \"It takes something more than intelligence to act intelligently.\" – Fyodor Dostoyevsky. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[23,"6. (b) \"A popular government, without popular information, or the means of acquiring it, is but a prologue to a farce or a tragedy; or perhaps both.\" - James Madison (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[25,"6. (c) \"Character may almost be called the most effective means of persuasion.\" - Aristotle (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[27,"7 You are a young IAS officer and have recently joined as a Sub-Divisional Magistrate in a district, which has been declared 'open defecation free'. However, you get information that some villages in your sub-division are still continuing the practice of open defecation out of habit despite availability of toilets. Your colleagues in the district administration confirm that the information is true. You call the village headmen of these villages and tell them to persuade their respective villagers to stop open defecation. But, they express their unwillingness and inability to fully stop this practice, as in some cases they themselves consider it healthy to defecate in the open. You discuss this matter with the District Magistrate who forbids you from taking any official action, as this may cause the 'open defecation free' status given to the district to be withdrawn. As a young and dynamic officer, answer the following:\n(a) Why do people continue to practice open defecation even when they have access to toilets?\n(b) What are the options available to you as the Sub-Divisional Magistrate in this case? Highlight the merits and demerits of each option.\n(c) What will be your course of action? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[28,"(A) Reason for continuation of open defecation despite Toilets:-\n(i) Entrenched ageold practices\n(ii) Lack of Awareness about the pitfalls of open defecation\n(iii) Convenience preferred over health","",""],[32,"8. You are the District Magistrate of a district, which is the hub of coaching centres for engineering as well as medical entrance exams. Recently, around 5 students have committed suicide owing to academic and social pressure. Students in the age group 15-18 years from across the country come to the district with the dream of getting admission into prestigious institutions like the IITs and AIIMS. However, the coaching institutes are business-minded and want to have toppers from their institute so that they can attract more students. They create a lot of pressure on students to perform, with differential treatment like forming different category of batches depending on students' performance. These students live as Paying Guests and in hostels away from their families and many cannot tackle the huge burden of competition and the associated mental stress.\nThe recent spate of suicide by 5 students has been highlighted by the national media and you have been asked by the Chief Minister to present a report of the situation and take steps on the matter. The Chief Minister has also asked you to keep the matter away from limelight so that the coaching centres continue with their business and generate revenue for themselves as well as the state. Upon investigation, you find out that 2-3 of the most famous coaching institutions are run by political leaders of the ruling party.\n(a) इसमें शामिल हितधारकों का उल्लेख कीजिए और दिए गए प्रकरण से जुड़े नैतिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\n(b) दी गई स्थिति में, आप क्या कार्रवाई करेंगे?\n(c) छात्रों के बीच आत्महत्या के मामलों में वृद्धि के विभिन्न कारणों पर चर्चा करते हुए, इस मुद्दे के दीर्घकालिक समाधान के लिए उपाय सुझाइए। (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दें)","","250"],[33,"Given the situation:\n(a) Highlight the stakeholders involved and discuss the associated ethical issues in the given case.\n(b) Given the situation, what will be your course of action?\n(c) Discussing the various reasons for increased cases of suicides among students, suggest measures to address the issue in the long-run. (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[38,"9. You are appointed as the Project Director in a large infrastructure company of the country. The company has won the rights to develop a port and its hinterland in a state. The project has economic and strategic significance for the country as it would develop a leading transshipment hub in the region and would lead to higher exports and earnings through its operation, flourishing of new businesses and also create employment opportunities. Also, the successful completion and operationalization of the project is important for the company as some of its previous projects were halted due to protests by the local communities and not only the reputation of the company but also significant investments are at stake. The land acquisition for the project has been completed as per the laid down rules and regulations. The Environmental Impact Assessment has been carried out and the project has received the go ahead from the concerned authorities. Also, rehabilitation and alternative livelihood opportunities are made available to the affected people as per the laid-down norms. However, once the construction started, some farmer groups started agitating on the grounds that they have not been adequately compensated and that the project will negatively impact their livelihoods. They are demanding that either the project be halted or the compensation provided to them be increased substantially by way of money and assured jobs.\n(a) इस प्रकरण में प्रासंगिक हितधारकों और उन्हें प्रभावित करने वाले मुद्दों की पहचान कीजिए।\n(b) दिए गए संदर्भ में, विरोध करने वाले समूहों की मांगों को मानने के गुणों और दोषों का मूल्यांकन कीजिए।\n(c) आप कौन-सी कार्रवाई का अनुसरण करेंगे? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दें)","","250 शब्दों में उत्तर दें"],[39,"In this context, answer the following:\n(a) Identify the relevant stakeholders in this case and the issues affecting them.\n(b) Evaluate the merits and demerits of ceding to the demands of the protesting groups, in the given context.\n(c) What course of action will you follow? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[40,"B Evaluation of merits/demerits of ceding to demands of farmers","",""],[41,"(c) Course of Action\n(i) Explain to farmers the value of project and its benefits to larger economy.\n(ii) Agreeing to more compensation in phases, as the development starts.","",""],[44,"10. In order to tackle climate change, green energy is touted as one of the best solutions. Countries are now replacing coal with hydroelectric power, fossil fuels with solar energy, petrol and diesel cars with electric vehicles (EVs). EVs are being pitched as a cleaner, greener and sustainable alternative. Electric cars use batteries, and lithium and cobalt are rare metals that make up these batteries. The cobalt in the battery keeps it stable and allows it to operate safely. Cobalt is used in about half of the electric cars, which is about four to 30 kilograms per battery.\nYou are the District Magistrate of a district where cobalt is found in abundance. On a visit to one such cobalt site, you find out that children are employed in the mines and these children flirt with death daily. They enter vertical tunnels that are too narrow for adults to enter and dig for cobalt under inhumane conditions in a furnace-like environment. Although, they sometimes use shovels, they typically dig with their bare hands. They are not provided with masks, gloves, work clothes and are only provided with 20 minutes of oxygen at a time. Yet, these young children dig for hours. Upon digging the rock, they crush it, wash it and then take their finds to the market in order to sell them.\n(a) उपयुक्त प्रकरण में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\n(b) कानूनी और संस्थागत उपायों के बावजूद, भारत में बाल श्रम के जारी रहने के कारणों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\n(c) दी गई स्थिति के संदर्भ में, जिले में बाल श्रम की समस्या के समाधान के लिए आप क्या कदम उठाएंगे? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दें)","","250"],[45,"In this regard, answer the following questions:\n(a) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the above case.\n(b) Despite the legal and institutional measures, discuss the reasons behind the prevalence of child labour in India.\n(c) In context of the given situation, what steps will you take to address the issue of child labour in the district? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[50,"11 You are one of the producers of a television reality show. The show is very popular in the country and has a wide viewership among all sections of the society and across various regions. However, a controversy has emerged wherein in the latest season of the show, a contestant from the film industry who has been accused of sexual harassment by many of his co-workers has been accepted as a participant. Several media houses have reported it and have criticized the show for giving a national platform to one of the country's most high-profile alleged perpetrators of female harassment. They term it as a denigration of those women who had bravely spoken up about their harassment.\nIn a personal capacity, you also feel the same and are of the view that such a controversial person should not have been invited to the show. However, when you talk to other producers about it, they opine that the controversy is good for the show, as it generates free publicity. Also, they say that a person is not guilty unless the court of law declares so and the career of a person should not be sabotaged due to media trial. Moreover, the person in question is very close to the host of the show, who is an extremely popular public figure in the country. The show commands a huge fandom and success of the show is also contingent on him. None of the producers want to antagonize the host.\n(a) इस प्रकरण में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दे कौन-से हैं?\n(b) आपके समक्ष कौन-से विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं और आप क्या कार्रवाई करेंगे?\n(c) ऐसे प्रकरणों में मीडिया द्वारा ट्रायल के सकारात्मक और नकारात्मक प्रभावों पर चर्चा कीजिए। (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दें)","","250"],[51,"In the given situation, answer the following questions:\n(a) What are the ethical issues involved in the case?\n(b) What are the options available to you and what will be your course of action?\n(c) Discuss the positive and negative impacts of trial by media in such cases. (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[56,"12 You have recently joined as the Chief Executive Officer of the Water Supply and Sewerage Board in a metropolitan city of India. Recently, there was an incident where two poor people died while undertaking hazardous cleaning of sewers in a posh neighbourhood, housing top corporate honchos of the city. The preliminary report found that a few residents in the said neighbourhood employed private workers to clean the sewers without the knowledge of the local city administration. A complaint for causing death by negligence has been registered against the concerned residents as well as the private contractor through whom these poor people were employed to carry out the task. The complaint has come as a shock to the residents of the neighbourhood, most of whom never had a brush with the law before. During the investigation, the residents of the neighbourhood complained that the local administration has not been cleaning sewers for a long time, forcing them to hire private workers. You also come to know that there has been a confusion over the maintenance works in the city administration,\n(a) संबंधित मुद्दों के साथ प्रकरण में शामिल हितधारकों की पहचान कीजिए।\n(b) दिए गए प्रकरण में आपके समक्ष उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन कीजिए। आप इनमें से कौन-सा विकल्प चुनेंगे और क्यों?\n(c) भविष्य में ऐसी घटनाओं को रोकने के लिए आप कौन-से दीर्घकालीन उपाय करेंगे? (उत्तर 250 शब्दों में दें)","","250"],[57,"In light of the above situation, answer the following questions:\n(a) Identify the stakeholders involved in the case along with the associated issues.\n(b) Evaluate the options that are available to you in the given case. Which of these options will you choose and why?\n(c) What will be the long-term measures you will take to prevent such an incident from occurring in the future?(Answer in 250 words)","20","250"]]},{"i":735,"t":"Saurabh Sharma","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/dc354-1068271_2088_saurabh-sharma_rank_146.pdf","q":[[3,"1.(a) The principle of double effect is based on the idea that if a person's behaviour or conduct is intended to achieve a goal which is morally good, however, as a result, there is a morally bad side-effect, then it is still acceptable to adopt that particular behaviour or conduct. How far can this principle aid in resolving difficult moral situations? Discuss with suitable examples.","10","150"],[5,"1.(b) The Indian Republic chose Ashoka's Lion Capital at Sarnath as its state emblem to reflect the same harmony achieved by him and effect a continuity with his humane policies towards the people of the modern Indian nation. In this background, discuss the ethical teachings that find resonance in Ashoka's life.","10","150"],[7,"2.(a) Compassion and tolerance are necessities and not luxuries, as without them, humanity cannot survive. How do the values of compassion and tolerance assist in the day-to-day functioning of a civil servant? Explain using suitable examples.","10","150"],[9,"2.(b) Transparency is a necessary condition for accountability, but it does not automatically guarantee accountability. Discuss. Under what conditions does transparency lead to accountability?","10","150"],[11,"3 What does each of the following quotations mean to you?\n(a) \"A great man is different from an eminent one in that he is ready to be the servant of the society.\" B.R. Ambedkar (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[13,"3.(b) \"We may have different religions, different languages, different colored skin, but we all belong to one human race.\" Kofi Annan (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[15,"3.(c) \"The aim of education is the knowledge, not of facts, but of values.\" William Ralph Inge (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[17,"4.(a) The concept of ethical corporate governance works on the principle of balance of equity, which seeks to balance the interests of the company, customers, suppliers, financers, government and shareholders on the one hand and the community at large on the other hand. Which values play a central role in ensuring ethical corporate governance? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[19,"4.(b) Toxic work environment and overwork are social problems, which require the government, labour unions, health officials and corporates to formulate appropriate policies. What are the ethical issues that should be considered while formulating appropriate policies in this regard? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[21,"5.(a) For leaders, having emotional intelligence is vital for success as it helps them to read and regulate their own emotions while intuitively grasping how others feel and gauging their emotional state. But effective leadership in today's interconnected world necessitates going beyond emotional intelligence and cultivating cultural intelligence. Discuss with illustrations.","10","150"],[23,"5.(b) Probity is confirmed integrity, which is usually regarded as being incorruptible. What is the significance of probity in governance? How important is the role of leadership in fostering probity and ethical governance in public service? Explain using suitable illustrations.","10","150"],[25,"6.(a) Analyse the role of moral attitude in shaping the perception and response to marital rape in India. Explain the ethical considerations in criminalising marital rape in the country.","10","150"],[26,"Ethical considerations in criminalising marital rape","",""],[27,"6.(b) Apart from consciousness, one needs to possess conscience in order to make ethical decisions. Explain with suitable examples.","10","150"],[29,"7. Even if the LGBTQIA+ couples live together, legally, they are on a slippery slope. They do not enjoy the rights that married couples do. For example, the LGBTQIA+ couples cannot adopt children or have a child by surrogacy, they do not have automatic rights to inheritance, maintenance and tax benefits, and after a partner passes away, they cannot avail benefits like pension or compensation. Most of all, since marriage is a social institution that is created by and highly regulated by law, without this social sanction, same-sex couples struggle to make a life together.\nA number of petitions have been filed in recent years in courts for the legal recognition of same-sex marriages. Gender rights campaigners believe that recognizing same-sex marriages is the next logical step after the decriminalization of homosexuality.\nHowever, the other point of view is that the concept of marriage ought not to be disturbed or diluted by judicial interpretation. It is argued that a middle path could be for the government to set up a panel to look into the pleas of same sex couples and recommend a way out.\n\nAs a conscious individual who understands the various dimensions of this issue, answer the following:\n(a) Discuss the ethical issues involved in this case.\n(b) Do you think that same-sex marriage should be legally recognized by the state in India?\n(c) Critically examine whether the law can be effective in bringing social change.","","approximately 250"],[30,"As an aware individual, who understands various dimensions of this issue, answer the following:\n(a) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the case.\n(b) Do you think same-sex marriage should be recognised by the State in India?\n(c) Critically examine whether law can be effective in bringing about social change.","","20"],[34,"8. (a) इस स्थिति से निपटने के लिए लॉयड के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\n(b) प्रत्येक विकल्प का आलोचनात्मक मूल्यांकन कीजिए और लॉयड द्वारा अपनाने योग्य सबसे उपयुक्त विकल्प की पहचान कीजिए।\n(c) पुलिस हिरासत में होने वाली मौतों को रोकने के लिए आप क्या उपाय सुझाएंगे?\na) इस स्थिति से निपटने के लिए लॉयड के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\nb) प्रत्येक विकल्प का आलोचनात्मक मूल्यांकन कीजिए और लॉयड द्वारा अपनाने योग्य सबसे उपयुक्त विकल्प की पहचान कीजिए।\nc) पुलिस हिरासत में होने वाली मौतों को रोकने के लिए आप क्या उपाय सुझाएंगे?","",""],[35,"(a) What are the options available with Lloyd to deal with the situation?\n(b) Critically evaluate each of the options and identify the most appropriate one for Lloyd to adopt.\n(c) What measures would you suggest to prevent deaths in police custody","20",""],[36,"(11) Persuading and Convincing senior officials about the human stakes involved due to graft and collusion of Politicians","",""],[40,"9 (a) इस प्रकरण से जुड़े नैतिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\n(b) उपयुक्त परिस्थितियों में, राज के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\n(c) इनमें से प्रत्येक विकल्प का आलोचनात्मक मूल्यांकन कीजिए।\n(d) राज को कौन-सी कार्रवाई अपनानी चाहिए? वैध कारणों के माध्यम से पुष्टि कीजिए।\na) इस प्रकरण से जुड़े नैतिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\nb) उपयुक्त परिस्थितियों में, राज के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\nc) इनमें से प्रत्येक विकल्प का आलोचनात्मक मूल्यांकन कीजिए।\nd) राज को कौन-सी कार्रवाई अपनानी चाहिए? वैध कारणों के माध्यम से पुष्टि कीजिए।","",""],[41,"After going into some details, he realized that the sales team of his company was indulging in malpractices to lure poor parents to buy courses for their children. He informed this to the head of his department but the head did not seem concerned. Some of his colleagues informed him that this is a normal practice in the ed-tech industry to achieve sales targets. Further, he was also informed that due to the recent funding crunch in start-ups, the company is under severe pressure to show profits, else there will be mass layoffs.\n(a) Identify the ethical issues associated with the case above.\n(b) Under the given conditions, what are the options available to Raj?\n(c) Critically evaluate each of these options.\n(d) What course of action should Raj adopt? Justify with valid reasons.","20",""],[45,"10 As the Head of the Municipal Corporation, you are faced with a challenging situation wherein two groups of concerned citizens have approached you. One, expressing their frustrations and concerns regarding the menace caused by street dogs in the city and other, taking steps towards encouraging compassion and humane treatment to these silent beings.\n(a) What are the ethical dilemmas involved in the case?\n(b) Evaluate the implications of favouring one plea over the other.\n(c) What course of action would resolve the situation in the immediate as well as long term?","20",""],[50,"11. You are young upright person who has been newly appointed in the Anti-Corruption Bureau of your district. After joining, your office receives a tip-off from an anonymous person that an engineer working with the Municipal Corporation of the city has amassed wealth much beyond his known sources of income and is hand in gloves in corrupt activities. Because the law is clear that anonymous complaints cannot be acted upon, you ignore the complaint. But in the next few weeks, you receive a few more anonymous complaints against the concerned engineer. You begin to make enquiries against the engineer and find that he is indeed a very corrupt officer. Some\n(a) इस प्रकरण में शामिल विभिन्न हितधारकों एवं मुद्दों की पहचान कीजिए।\n(b) प्रदत्त स्थिति में आपके पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\n(c) इनमें से प्रत्येक विकल्प के गुण और दोषों का विश्लेषण कीजिए।\n(d) औचित्य सिद्ध करते हुए अपनी कार्रवाई पर चर्चा कीजिए।","",""],[51,"Based on the above scenario, answer the following:\n(a) Identify the various stakeholders and the issues involved in the case.\n(b) What options do you have in the given situation?\n(c) Analyse the merits and demerits of each of these options.\n(d) Discuss your course of action, with proper justification.","",""],[56,"12. You have been appointed as the Chief Secretary in a state. Recently, a complex issue has surfaced involving two civil servants from your state. Both the officers who are known for their excellence in their respective roles have found themselves embroiled in an intense public feud on social media.\n(a) इस प्रकरण में कौन-से नैतिक मुद्दे शामिल हैं?\n(b) मुख्य सचिव के रूप में आपके पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\n(c) आप कौन-सा विकल्प चुनेंगे और क्यों?","",""],[57,"(a) What are ethical issues involved in this situation?\n(b) What are the options available to you as the Chief Secretary?\n(c) Which option would you choose and why?\na) What are ethical issues involved in this situation?\nb) What are the options available to you as the Chief Secretary?\nc) Which option would you choose and why?","20",""]]},{"i":738,"t":"Sayali Bhika Pagar","c":"Vision","p":"GS3","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/02f36-934203_2346_sayali_bhika_pagar_rank_87.pdf","q":[[3,"1. Mangroves play a critical role in the well-being of coastal communities and biodiversity. Elaborate. Also, discuss the recently launched MISHTI scheme in this context.","12.5X20=250","NOT MORE THAN 200"],[6,"2. According to a recent scientific assessment, the ozone hole, once considered to be the gravest danger to planetary life, is now expected to be repaired by 2066. In this context, discuss the various measures taken for ozone hole recovery.","",""],[9,"3. Recently, there has been a surge in the incidence of heatwaves in India. Discuss the reasons behind this and state the various mitigation measures in this regard.","",""],[12,"4. What do you understand by Nature-based Solutions (NBS)? Explain how NBS can help in adaptation with regard to various hazards.","",""],[15,"5. The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is one of the cornerstones in ensuring that the ecological costs of infrastructure development are minimal. In this context, discuss the concerns associated with the star rating system introduced in the EIA.","",""],[16,"5. The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is one of the cornerstones in ensuring that the ecological costs of infrastructure development are minimal. In this context, discuss the concerns associated with the star rating system introduced in the EIA.","",""],[19,"6. What do you understand by community-based disaster preparedness? Explain the process and preparation strategy of community-based disaster management plans for resilience.","",""],[22,"7. What are the impediments in disposing the huge quantity of e-waste being generated in India? Bring out ways to ensure timely and safe recycling of e-waste.","",""],[25,"8. India is vulnerable to a large number of natural disasters on account of its unique geo-climatic conditions. Elaborate with examples.","",""],[28,"9. Discuss the major challenges faced by the National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) in performing its functions and propose measures to enhance its effectiveness.","",""],[31,"10. Local bodies are the key to disaster risk mitigation in India. Discuss with examples.","",""],[34,"11. Bring out the impact of noise pollution on human health and the environment.","",""],[37,"12. Evaluating India's preparedness in handling disasters caused by cyclones, discuss the measures taken to improve cyclone disaster management capabilities in India.","",""],[40,"13. Highlighting the reasons behind widespread soil degradation in India, discuss the various steps undertaken to address the problem of soil pollution.","",""],[43,"14. State the reasons for the increasing instances of urban floods in India. Also, discuss the steps taken by the government to mitigate the urban flood risk in the country.","",""],[46,"15. Identify the reasons for increasing human-wildlife conflict in India. What are the major steps taken by the government to mitigate this conflict?","",""],[49,"16. Assess the environmental impact of agricultural subsidies in India. Additionally suggest measures to reduce this impact.","",""],[52,"17. Explain the process involved in the formation of cloudbursts and state their impact. Also, suggest measures to reduce the impact of cloudbursts.","",""],[55,"18. What are the key causes of marine pollution? Discuss its overall impact on the environment.","",""],[58,"19. There is a lack of significant improvement in the quality of river water in India despite multiple efforts by different stakeholders. Elaborate with examples.","",""],[61,"20. How do you differentiate natural disasters from natural hazards? Discuss the stages involved in disaster mitigation and management.","",""]]},{"i":740,"t":"Shakti Dubey","c":"Nextias","p":"Essay","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/4/shakti-dubey-essay-1-booklet-1745331781333.pdf","q":[[7,"Q.1 If it costs you your peace, it is too expensive.\nQ.2 In the flood of data, the thirst still remains.\nQ.3 A star has to burn to give light to others but that's what stars are meant for.\nQ.4 The ultimate measure of a man is not where he stands in moments of comfort and convenience, but where he stands at times of challenge and controversy.","",""],[20,"Q.5 Civilization begins with order, grows with liberty, and dies with chaos.\nQ.6 A single drop never feels responsible for the flood.\nQ.7 Never does nature say one thing and wisdom another.\nQ.8 Present demonstrates the lessons of history, albeit the hard way.","",""]]},{"i":741,"t":"Shakti Dubey","c":"Nextias","p":"Essay","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/4/shakti-dubey-essay-2-booklet-1745331832894.pdf","q":[[7,"Q.1 The function of education is to teach one to think intensively and to think critically.\nQ.2 Life is what happens when you're busy making other plans.\nQ.3 The heaviest penalty for declining to rule is to be ruled by someone inferior.\nQ.4 Competition is the law of the jungle, but cooperation is the law of civilization.","",""],[20,"Q.5 Not everything that is faced can be changed, but nothing can be changed until it is faced.\nQ.6 The road to success and the road to failure are almost exactly the same.\nQ.7 To be or not to be, that is the question.\nQ.8 Wisdom is to live in tune with the mode of the changing world.","",""],[21,"Q8 Wisdom is to live in tune with the changing world.","",""],[30,"IS CHANGE ALWAYS DESIRABLE?","",""]]},{"i":742,"t":"Shakti Dubey","c":"Nextias","p":"Essay","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/4/shakti-dubey-essay-3-booklet-1745331859182.pdf","q":[[7,"Q.1 The art of progress is to preserve order amid change and to preserve change amid order.\nQ.2 The world is a gymnasium where we come to make ourselves strong.\nQ.3 The greatest risk is to risk nothing at all.\nQ.4 The strength of a nation derives from the integrity of home.","",""],[8,"Q.5 Geopolitics affects every country, whether at war or at peace.\nQ.6 It is time for moving towards gender equality in climate change.\nQ.7 Migration continues to be part of the solution in a rapidly changing world, but challenges remain.\nQ.8 Employment is the crucial link between growth and prosperity.","",""]]},{"i":743,"t":"Shakti Dubey","c":"Nextias","p":"Essay","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/4/shakti-dubey-essay-4-booklet-1745331911052.pdf","q":[[7,"Q.1 Environmental pollution is an incurable disease, it can only be prevented.\n\nQ.2 The law has no compassion and justice is administered without compassion.\n\nQ.3 The love of one's country is a splendid thing but why should love stop at the border?\n\nQ.4 He profits most who serves best.","",""],[20,"Q.5 Imagination is more important than knowledge.\nQ.6 The best way to predict your future is to create it.\nQ.7 What you learn from a life in science is the vastness of our ignorance.\nQ.8 Social media is more about psychology than technology.","",""]]},{"i":744,"t":"Shakti Dubey","c":"Nextias","p":"Essay","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/4/shakti-dubey-essay-5-booklet-1745331879543.pdf","q":[[7,"Q.1 Procrastination is like taking a loan, enjoy it only till you have to pay the bill.\nQ.2 The India way, especially now, would be more of a shaper or decider rather than just be an abstainer.\nQ.3 Space, the fascination, the lure and the challenges.\nQ.4 We may brave human laws but can not resist natural laws.","",""],[8,"Q.5 Truth is a trek of faith.\nQ.6 Darkness is nothing, but only absence of light.\nQ.7 An eye for an eye only ends up making the whole world blind.\nQ.8 Life is not about finding yourself, it is about creating yourself.","",""]]},{"i":739,"t":"Shakti Dubey","c":"Forumias","p":"GS3","y":2024,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/Shakti-Dubey-UPSC-2024-Rank-1-MGP-Sample-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[9,"4 Recently the Budget 2023-24 has provided for increased budget outlay for its Green hydrogen Mission.\n Advantage of Green Hydrogen","",""],[17,"8 What makes it difficult to detect?\n1) They lack mass, ex and hence do not deflect light\n2) They have high gravitational pull\n3) The present level of technology cannot decipher its realities\n4) The space remains yet the most unexplored area, thus we do not have much idea about the properties of dark matter making it even more hard to detect","",""],[32,"14 Role of Agri-tech in penetration of technology","",""],[33,"How can agri-tech help?","",""]]},{"i":745,"t":"Shivam Singh","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2024,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/SHIVAM-SINGH-UPSC-2024-Rank-73-MGP-Sample-Copy-2.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) A key attribute of the Indian Constitution lies in its capacity to harmonize diverse socio-political perspectives. Examine.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) To what extent, in your opinion, will the 106th Constitutional Amendment Act help in increasing women's representation and empowerment in the Indian political process?","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) \"The constitutionalization of environmental issues by the Supreme Court is among the most transformative developments in contemporary Indian jurisprudence.\" Discuss the statement with the help of relevant case laws.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) How is Indian judicial system different from that of the USA? Should India move towards a more federal judicial system?","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) Examine the role of the National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT) in ensuring corporate governance and addressing insolvency issues in India.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) \"The anti-defection law has fallen short of achieving its intended objective.\" Comment.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) The promotion of e-governance is critical for the realization of good governance in the country. Elucidate, with the steps taken by the government in this regard.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) How can community-based interventions enhance access to preventive and promotive healthcare services in the country?","10","150"],[19,"Q.9) \"A multipolar world order is not merely an option but a necessity\". In light of the statement, discuss how India can leverage its position to strengthen multipolarity in the global arena.","10","150"],[20,"How India can leverage its position to strengthen multipolarity.\n1. Becoming voice of the Global South\n2. carrying out reforms in global groupings like G20.\n3. Advocating for reform in UN and other institutions.\n4. Protecting the rights of pacific island nations vulnerable to climate change.","",""],[21,"Q.10 Throw light on the reasons for growing salience of Africa in India's foreign policy framework. Also, mention the contemporary areas of engagement between India and Africa.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11 How do Centrally Sponsored Schemes differ from Central Sector Schemes? Highlighting the concerns raised by some states regarding Centrally Sponsored Schemes, suggest remedial measures.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12) Why is a robust and efficient subordinate judiciary crucial for the effective functioning of the entire judicial system? Also, examine the role of 'All India Judicial Services' (AIJS) in enhancing the effectiveness and efficiency of the Indian judiciary.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13) Discuss the rationale behind the introduction and implementation of three new criminal laws. Highlight key features of the laws, and also state the associated concerns.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14) While the Model Code of Conduct (MCC) has played a crucial role in regulating electoral conduct, discussions regarding its legal backing have surfaced over the years. Do you agree with the perspective that providing statutory backing to the MCC will give the Election Commission the much-needed legal teeth in conduct of free and fair election?","15","250"],[35,"2.15 Bring out the various administrative challenges faced by local self-governments (LSGs). What measures do you suggest for devolving administrative powers to LSGs, enabling them to function as institutions of genuine self-governance?","15","250"],[38,"Q.16 Elaborate on the challenges that limit co-operatives from realizing their potential. Suggest measures to unlock the potential of co-operatives for rural development.","15","250"],[39,"1) Challenges that limit cooperatives from realizing their potential.\n1) Lack of representation: many of the cooperatives that are functioning in rural development do not include people from marginalized community.\n2) Regional imbalances: mostly located in urban and well-to-do areas.\n3) Lack of training to the cooperatives inhibits growth of them and limits their potential.\n4) Lack of bureaucratic support; also acts as a hurdle, as small cooperatives require handholding from agencies to function.\n5) Financial crunch - access to finance is a issue.\n6) Poor financial management.","",""],[40,"1. Measures to unlock the potential of cooperatives for rural development.\n1. Formulation of cooperatives by regulating them on platforms. Eg. Scheme for formalisation of micro food processing enterprises.\n2. Access to funds. Eg. NABARD bank linkage and credit enablement programmes.\n3. Financial Management. Eg. Priyadarshinee scheme to help in managing the account books.\n4. Higher participation of women through their capacity building.\n5. Cooperatives for diversification of agriculture. Eg. promoting poultry, beekeeping, etc.\n6. Micro finance institutions for credit to farmers.","",""],[41,"Q.17 \"The fight against poverty is at the core of the Sustainable Development Goals\". In this context, highlight the interlinkages between poverty alleviation and various SDGs. Also, assess the effectiveness of the measures taken by the government for achieving the same.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18) The various developmental initiatives by the government have fallen short of achieving their intended objectives. Is it a design issue or an implementation bottleneck? Suggest measures to improve the effectiveness of developmental schemes.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 While the expansion of BRICS offers new opportunities, realizing its full potential will require concerted efforts from member states to address internal contradictions and foster meaningful cooperation. Elaborate.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 Describe the structure and mandate of the International Court of Justice (ICJ). Also, enumerate the challenges it faces in fulfilling its mandate.","15","250"]]},{"i":746,"t":"Shivani","c":"Mgp","p":"GS3","y":2024,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/SHIVANI-MOHAN-UPSC-2024-Rank-71-MGP-Sample-Copy.pdf","q":[[11,"Q.5 Recent train accidents - Balasore, Kanchanjunga train, etc have highlighted the need to improve rail safety.\n1 development and maintenance of infrastructure - eg. tracks, etc\n2 Over capacity utilization\n3 Rail area unmanned level crossings\n4 Violations of standard operating procedure\n5 Unmarked rail staff - eg. loco pilots\n6 Lack of training and communication","",""],[13,"Q.6 Indian space agency ISRO and US's agency NASA recently collaborated in launching NISAR\n1 NISAR jointly build by NASA and ISRO\n2 while NASA has provided with S-band radars, ISRO provided L-band showcasing jointness in operations and scientific research","",""],[17,"Q8 Report by FSR - 2019 shows that over 13% of Indian forests is vulnerable to forest fires. Recent incidents of forest fire in Kerala and Nainital highlight vulnerability.","",""],[23,"Q.11 India introduced Liberalisation, Privatisation and Globalisation reforms in 1991 pushing economy on higher growth path.","",""],[26,"8.12. Recent budget 2024-25 has increased capex to 3.5% of GDP at ₹111,111,11 crore - highlighting importance of infrastructure development for Economic transformation.","",""],[29,"Q13 India is the second largest aquaculture nation after China and third largest producer of fish in the world. Significance of aquaculture -\nI Nutrition security - Products like shrimp, fish, etc contain vitamins help in addressing nutritional gaps\nII Livelihood generation - allow farmers to diversify income sources eg. rice-fish farming Major income source for coastal fishing communities","",""],[35,"Q.15 Biotechnology means use of technology in enhancing productivity or efficiency of biological systems for food production\n1 Use of genetically modified GM crops to increase yields eg GM Binnjal\n2 Develop capacity to address disease and pest attack eg GM Cotton\n3 Develop resistance to adverse weather patterns eg drought\n4 Increase nutritional value of food eg Golden rice with Vitamin A\n5 Increase carbon capture capacity reducing agriculture emission","",""]]},{"i":747,"t":"Shivansh Subhash Jagade","c":"Forumias","p":"GS1","y":2024,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/SHIVANSH-SUBHASH-JAGADE-UPSC-2024-Rank-26-MGP-Sample-Copy-3.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) How does the study of numismatics contribute to the unraveling of India's history? Explain with suitable examples.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Analyse the significance of the Civil Disobedience Movement in India's freedom struggle, considering its extent, reach, and revolutionary zeal.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) How did the British education policy in colonial India fuel the rise of Indian nationalism instead of achieving its intended purpose of perpetuating Indian subjugation?","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) The Arab-Israeli conflict should be understood as a product of both internal dynamics and the outcome of manipulative strategies employed by imperial powers. Comment.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) The eastern coast and the western coast of India differ considerably in their geographical characteristics. Explain.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) Enumerate the factors behind the proliferation of the IT industry in India. Also, Explain the reasons behind the skewed concentration of the IT industry within the country.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) The Aspirational Blocks Programme, built upon the success of the Aspirational Districts Programme, can help in achieving the twin objectives of enabling balanced growth and checking stressed migration. Comment.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) Even after seven decades of independence, the colonial mindset continues to cast its shadow on Indian society. Examine.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9 Digital technologies can play a significant role in bridging the gender gap in India; however, it is mired in its own set of challenges. Discuss.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10 How will you explain that the values of tolerance and inclusiveness which were deeply embedded in ancient Indian society continue to persist and flourish in the present times?","10","150"],[23,"Q.11 Dravidian temple architecture can be seen as a continuum that, though strengthened during the period of the Pallavas, reached its pinnacle during the reign of the Cholas. Discuss","15","250"],[26,"Q.12) Examine the causes that led to tribal unrest during British rule in India. Analyse the reasons for their limited success.","15","250"],[28,"1) Why they didn't succeed?","",""],[29,"Q.13 While the Emergency of 1975 was touted as seminal for national security and unity by some, the critics paint it as the darkest phase of Post Independent India. Discuss. What insights and lessons did emergency provide for the country?","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 Mangroves play a significant role in coastal ecology and economy. Examine. Also, elaborate the reasons behind the accelerated destruction of the mangrove habitat.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 Write an explanatory note on the global distribution of earthquakes with the help of the map given below. Also, throw light on the various consequences associated with earthquakes.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16 Although poor air quality is a perennial problem, it gets intensified during the winter months in Delhi-NCR. Explain. Evaluate the efficacy of existing measures to control air pollution.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 Enumerate the major reasons that make the Indian economy heavily reliant on coal. Explain why phasing out coal from our energy basket is difficult.","15","250"],[42,"Why phase out difficult?","",""],[44,"Q.18) In what ways are the institutions of marriage and family undergoing changes in contemporary times? Elucidate the role of the state and the market in facilitating these changes.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 How do unplanned urbanization and unabated rural-urban migration contribute to the multiple woes faced by Indian metropolises?","15","250"],[50,"Q.20) The forces of globalization have an indelible influence on the traditional cultural values of Indian society. Elaborate. Also, discuss the impact of globalization on diversity and disparity in the country.","15","250"]]},{"i":748,"t":"Shivendra Pandey","c":"Forumias","p":"Essay","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/SHIVENDRA-PANDEYUPSC_IAS_2025_Toppers_AIR_110_Sample_ESSAY_TEST_1.pdf","q":[[3,"1. True leadership lies in serving not ruling.","",""],[16,"1. The great aim of education is not knowledge but action.\n2. The global south must redefine development through cooperation and justice.\n3. There is no health without mental health.\n4. If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich.","",""]]},{"i":751,"t":"Shivendra Pandey","c":"Forumias","p":"GS3","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/SHIVENDRA-PANDEYUPSC_IAS_2025_Toppers_AIR_110_Sample_MG_TEST_3.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) How far do you agree that a robust domestic demand is the most important driver of India's economic growth? What are other factors that influence the growth trajectory of the country?","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Macroeconomic stability is not solely dependent on the quantity of foreign exchange reserves, but also on the strategy and sources on which they are built. Discuss in an Indian context.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3 DPI (Digital Public Infrastructure) is a critical enabler of digital transformation for both businesses and citizens; however, it comes with its own set of challenges. Examine.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) The skewed emphasis on certain crops has distorted the cropping pattern in India, which has led to grave socio-economic and environmental consequences. Elaborate.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) Private participation in propelling India's space journey is widely acknowledged but is yet to be fully tapped. In light of the statement, analyse the hurdles faced by the private sector and also recommend measures to unlock greater private participation in the space economy.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) With recent advances in technology, robots are now equipped to perform more than just conventional and routine tasks, which brings new opportunities as well as risks. In this context, evaluate the future potential of the robotics sector.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) Write an explanatory note on the causes and impacts of avalanches. Also, highlight the various strategies to mitigate its impact, with a special emphasis on NDMA guidelines.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) Technology plays a multidimensional role in augmenting the disaster management apparatus of the country. Discuss. Also, bring out the measures needed to enhance the usage of such technologies in managing disasters.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9) Outlining the various cyber threats faced by India, assess the state of the country's preparedness to deal with the same.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10 Explain how the geographical location of India makes it extremely vulnerable to the menace of drug trafficking. What are the various internal security threats posed by drug trafficking?","10","150"],[23,"Q.11) Inclusive growth is a roadmap to intergenerational equity, redistribution of wealth, and employment generation. Explain. Also, discuss the steps taken by the government towards achieving inclusive growth.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12 Discuss the significance of Multimodal Transport System in achieving last mile connectivity, improving logistics efficiency, and addressing the twin problems of pollution and congestion. What measures can be taken to ensure efficient multimodal transport connectivity in India?","15","250"],[29,"Q.13) Highlighting the rationale behind declaring MSP, discuss various issues related to the MSP regime in the country. Also, critically analyse the efficacy of legalizing MSP towards ensuring financial sustainability in farming.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14) Food Processing Industries (FPIs) can act as a bridge between the informal farming community and the formal industrial sector, which can help boost the rural economy. Examine.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 Discuss the role of biotechnology in enhancing agricultural productivity. Also, highlight the concerns regarding the application of biotechnology in agriculture.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16) 5G technology is a breakthrough that finds applications across diverse sectors. Elaborate. How is 5G technology different from its predecessor? Also, list the various challenges associated with its effective rollout.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17) Discuss the repercussions on marine ecosystem and economy resulting from the combined effects of ocean acidification, ocean warming, and oxygen loss.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 The invisible nature of groundwater is a major obstacle in the path towards achieving the twin objectives of building climate resilience and meeting the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Elucidate.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 Despite various efforts, a lasting solution to the insurgency in the north-eastern region of India remains elusive. Analyse the reasons behind the continuation of insurgency in the region. Also, suggest effective measures to tackle it.","15","250"],[51,"Q.20 While developmental initiatives have a significant role to play, they alone cannot root out terrorism/militancy in Jammu and Kashmir. Comment.","15","250"]]},{"i":752,"t":"Shivendra Pandey","c":"Forumias","p":"GS3","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/SHIVENDRA-PANDEYUPSC_IAS_2025_Toppers_AIR_110_Sample_MG_TEST_4.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) The multiheaded hydra of inequity is reinforced by the skewed concentration of wealth. How far can Universal Basic Income (UBI) check the growth of economic inequity? Substantiate your answer.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Trace the evolution of Industrial policy in India post-independence. Assess the success of these policies in fulfilling their desired objectives.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) World Trade Organisation (WTO) was formed with the objective of imparting a long term and equitable solution to the dichotomy between free trade and food security; however, the objective has been marred by several factors. Comment.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) The utility of APMCs is not lost despite a plethora of limitations. Discuss and recommend corrective measures for overhauling the APMCs.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) Discuss the natural and anthropogenic factors behind incidents of land subsidence. Suggest counter-measures to contain such incidents.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6 Explain Glacial Lake Outburst Flood (GLOF). Also, discuss GLOF mitigation strategy with special reference to National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) guidelines.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7 Aditya L1 mission is an important milestone as India's first space based solar observatory. Enlist the major scientific objectives and the challenges of the mission.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) Describe briefly what gene therapy is and what advantages it has over other treatments?","10","150"],[19,"Q.9 National security challenges require sufficiently addressing the concerns of human security. Explain and suggest reforms for the same.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10) Do you think the Armed Forces Special Powers Act (AFSPA) is necessary for bringing peace in disturbed areas? Critically Analyse.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11) To what extent does the Female Labor Force Participation paint a true picture of the participation of women in the Indian economy? Justify with suitable examples.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12) Enumerate the limitations associated with the operation of Special Economic Zones (SEZs). Assess the potential of the Domestic Enterprise and Services Hub (DESH) bill, 2022 in enhancing the effectiveness of the SEZs.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13) How will you explain the potential of Agristack in providing a lasting remedy to various ills afflicting the farm sector?","15","250"],[32,"Q.14) What do you understand by Farmers Producer Organisations (FPO's)? Throwing light upon the various challenges faced by the FPOs, suggest measures to ameliorate the same.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 What role does wetland play in expanding the framework of sustainable development? What are the challenges faced by wetland ecosystem? Discuss the corrective steps required for their effective conservation.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16) Describe the concept of loss and damage and evaluate its relevance in ensuring climate equity.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 The 2023 Nobel Award in Chemistry was awarded for the discovery and synthesis of Quantum dots. How have the developments of quantum dots affected the various sectors over the years?","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 Discuss the socio-economic impact of new developments in science and technology in India since independence.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 With the help of the map given below, describe the major internal security threats faced by the country. Suggest a comprehensive security framework to minimize these threats.","15","250"],[51,"Q.20 What do you understand by theaterisation of commands? Enumerating the impediments in theaterisation for India's armed forces, discuss the role of Chief of Defence Staff in enhancing the effectiveness of India's external security response.","15","250"]]},{"i":749,"t":"Shivendra Pandey","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/SHIVENDRA-PANDEYUPSC_IAS_2025_Toppers_AIR_110_Sample_MG_TEST_1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) Family plays a prominent role in the value development of an individual. Elucidate. Also, examine the impact of the changing nature of families on children's moral development.","10","150"],[5,"b) Different individuals have different conceptions of patriotism. What does patriotism mean to you? Narrate in brief any two real-life incidents when you displayed patriotism.","10","150"],[7,"Q.2) a) Moral behaviour is not only good for the community in which one is a part but also for the individuals who profess it. Comment.","10","150"],[9,"b) Discuss the important teachings of Swami Vivekananda. Bring out their relevance in the contemporary world.","10","150"],[11,"Q.3) a) While laws, rules, and regulations tend to dictate from above, attitudinal change within communities can bring effective and lasting solutions to many problems. Explain with the help of examples.","10","150"],[13,"b) The crux of ethical conduct does not lie in bold words and expressions, but in their adoption into action, in sanctions against their violations, and in promoting a culture of integrity. In this context, evaluate the measures taken to promote ethical governance in the country.","10","150"],[15,"Q.4) a) Transparency is more than mere information sharing. Elaborating on the statement, assess the success of the RTI Act, 2005, in promoting transparency in administration.","10","150"],[17,"b) Ethics stand as the cornerstone of corporate success in an ever-evolving landscape of business. In light of the above statement, discuss the role of ethics in corporate governance with suitable examples.","10","150"],[19,"Q.5) a) Foreign aid, although championed as a vital tool for socio-economic development, often runs into stiff opposition from the intended beneficiaries. Elaborate on the various ethical concerns associated with foreign aid. Suggest measures to address the challenges related to foreign aid.","10","150"],[21,"b) Our probity is not less at the mercy of fortune than our property. What do you mean by probity in governance? Discuss ways of inculcating probity in public life.","10","150"],[23,"Q.6) What does each of the following quotation mean to you?\na) \"Happiness is when what you think, what you say, and what you do are in harmony.\" - Mahatma Gandhi. (10 marks, 150 words)","10","150"],[25,"b) \"The price good men pay for indifference to public affairs is to be ruled by evil men.\" - Plato.","10","150"],[27,"c) \"Whatever is begun in anger, ends in shame\" - Benjamin Franklin.","10","150"],[29,"Q.7 Mr. A is travelling by road with his family to attend a marriage ceremony. His grandfather, who is the head of the family, is also travelling with him. On the way to their destination, all of them stop at a roadside restaurant for lunch. This is a well-known restaurant owned by one of the friends of Mr. A. The place is known for its tasty and hygienic food.\nHowever, the grandfather notices a picture on the wall of the restaurant and enquires about the religion of the restaurant owner. Mr. A's friend belongs to a religion different from his grandfather's religion. The grandfather has a negative attitude towards the religion of Mr. A's friend, and he insists that he will not eat in that restaurant. He demands that the entire family leave the restaurant immediately, as they are travelling for a happy occasion and eating at this particular restaurant will pollute them. Mr. A tries to calm down his grandfather and explain to him that religion has nothing to do with purity or pollution. He also reasons that several travel magazines have rated the restaurant highly, especially for its superior hygiene standards. Also, he points out that there is no restaurant in the way for the next 100 km, and it will be difficult for all to make do without food for that long. However, his arguments fall on deaf ears, and more specifically, his grandfather admonishes him for bringing the family to the restaurant despite being aware of the religion of the owner. Mr. A's friend feels insulted and discriminated against due to his religion. Mr. A's father is upset but refuses to say anything out of respect for the grandfather. The entire family is embarrassed by the attitude of the grandfather, and they are getting ready to leave the restaurant. Mr. A is confused regarding how he should act in this situation.\na) What are the various ethical issues in the above case study?\nb) Imagine yourself in the place of Mr. A. Evaluate the different courses of action available to you. What is the most suitable course of action?","20","250"],[34,"Q.8) On a cold and foggy night in December, Arun and Seema, both unknown to each other, boarded a train for Lucknow at the Delhi junction. Both were going to their home town on the weekend. It was supposed to be a routine train journey of 7-8 hours. Arun, a first-year graduate from a reputed institute in Delhi, aspires to join DRDO and make a career in the R&D field. Seema, a national-level volleyball player, had dreams of joining the paramilitary forces. Both checked their tickets and got comfortable in their respective seats in the coach S7.\nThe train gave the final horn and slowly started leaving the station. Amidst the chugging of the engine and the train wheels clacking on the tracks, both Arun and Seema fall asleep. But as fate would have it that night, a routine train journey turned out to be a nightmare for the passengers of coach S7, including Arun and Seema. The train was on its scheduled two-minute halt at an outskirt station when suddenly 4-5 robbers entered the coach S7. They asked all the passengers to hand over their valuables without any fuss. None of the passengers could gather the courage to confront them, as they had country-made pistols and sharp-edged weapons. But somehow, Arun and Seema mustered the courage and resisted the robbers. The robbers threatened them with dire consequences and asked them to comply with their command. But both remained adamant and even refused to hand over their valuables to the robbers. To teach them a lesson and set an example for the other passengers, both Arun and Seema were thrown out of the moving train. At that very moment, another train was approaching on the parallel track, and both were hit by it; Arun lost his right arm, Seema lost her left leg, and she had multiple fractures in the spinal cord.\nBoth met somewhat similar fates that night, but both faced the 'tragedy' that unfolded with them in a completely different manner. In spite of full support from his family, Arun lost all hope and got disenchanted with life. He couldn't accept the new reality and went into depression. Also, the thoughts of committing suicide would often come into his mind. Seema, on the other hand, after completing her treatment, decided to pursue her dreams. She was also encouraged by his family and friends to start a new life. She started training with a prosthetic leg and resumed playing volleyball. Not only this, she decided to push boundaries and chose mountaineering. And around two years later, she became the world's first female amputee to scale Mount Everest.\nThe stories of Arun and Seema highlight the importance of the adversity quotient. But it is also evident that different people possess different levels of adversity quotient. Based on your understanding of the above case study, answer the following:\na) Examine the importance of the adversity quotient in life, citing examples. How can the adversity quotient be developed?\nb) As a friend of Arun, what suggestions would you give to him to overcome the aftermath of the tragedy?","20","250"],[39,"Q.9 Nestled in the lap of the Himalayas, Purabkashi is a town located on the way to major pilgrimage destinations. The town is traversed by a section of the Panch-Dham Road Project, whose objective is to improve connectivity to the five major pilgrimage centers in the region. The project aims to develop and widen nearly 900 km of national highways in the Himalayas, making journeys to these centers safer, faster, and more convenient. The project is being constructed at a very high cost and is expected to boost tourism in the region and reduce road accidents occurring in the hilly region. The project is also important from a security point of view, as these roads can act as strategic feeder roads that connect the border with the Army camps in the nearby areas. The roads may facilitate quicker movement of troops and supplies and can serve as a strategic asset in connecting the border regions.\nHowever, from the conception stage of the project itself, various NGOs have raised several fault lines regarding its environmental sustainability. It has been noted that the project may destroy about 690 hectares of forests, and an estimated 20 million cubic meters of soil need to be removed. Experts raise concern that such a high-impact activity may aggravate erosion and destabilize the slopes. Large-scale uprooting of vegetation can prove to be perilous for biodiversity and regional ecology. Indiscriminate blasting during road construction creates cracks in soil and rocks that may enhance the possibility of landslides and associated disasters in the future. In 2018, the project was challenged in the Supreme Court by an NGO for its potential impact on the Himalayan ecology due to felling trees, cutting hills, and dumping excavated material. The Supreme Court then constituted a high-powered committee that warned against widening the road by 12 meters. It had suggested that the widening stay between 5.5 and 7 meters. However, this recommendation by independent experts was opposed by government officials and ultimately sidelined. The worst fears of the local and scientific communities came true when about 40 workers got trapped inside a tunnel after the under-construction tunnel structure collapsed in Purabkashi. Overnight, Purabkashi became the talk of the country.\nThe project was awarded to the contractor, PQR Enterprises. Mr. Vinay Kumar, who has experience completing many such projects in the past, was appointed as Project Director, overseeing the smooth completion of the project and monitoring the contractor's work. Mr. Vinay is known for his honesty and dedication. Prior to the mishap, he had successfully overseen this project to meet its timeline. But after the mishap, the higher authorities are privately requesting the project director, Mr. Vinay, to take responsibility for the mishap. To manage the growing resentment in the locality and nationwide, he is being asked to step down as project director. But Mr. Vinay feels that he is being unfairly blamed. To alleviate the pressure from the public, he is being scapegoated. The project had issues right from the conception stage, given the ecological fragility of the region.\nVarious ecological experts and geological scientists think that the incident has exposed not only the project's vulnerabilities but also the lapses in the safe tunnel construction mechanisms carried out, like the failure to construct an escape tunnel. Several experts have pointed out this incident as a warning for future disasters, as now questions have been raised about the fragility of the Himalayas in sustaining massive infrastructure projects like the Panch-Dham project. The government, despite many voices against the project, is treating the incident as an isolated incident and moving on with the further construction of the project. There is a protest happening in the state with a demand by the people to consider the project's environmental consequences and also the operations of the contractor, PQR Enterprises, in the particular project.\na) What are the various ethical issues involved in the above case study?\nb) As the head of the Panch-Dham Project, what are the options available to Mr. Vinay? Analyze the advantages and disadvantages of each.\nc) In your opinion, between the twin objectives of development and conservation, what should be given more priority and why?","","20"],[40,"a) उपर्युक्त मामले के अध्ययन में शामिल विभिन्न नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं?\nb) पंच-धाम परियोजना के प्रमुख के रूप में, श्री विनय के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं? प्रत्येक के लाभ एवं हानियों का विश्लेषण कीजिए।\nc) आपकी राय में, विकास और संरक्षण, के दोहरे उद्देश्यों में से किसे अधिक प्राथमिकता दी जानी चाहिए और क्यों?\na) उपर्युक्त मामले के अध्ययन में शामिल विभिन्न नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं?\nb) पंच-धाम परियोजना के प्रमुख के रूप में, श्री विनय के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं? प्रत्येक के लाभ एवं हानियों का विश्लेषण कीजिए।\nc) आपकी राय में, विकास और संरक्षण, के दोहरे उद्देश्यों में से किसे अधिक प्राथमिकता दी जानी चाहिए और क्यों?","20 अंक","250 शब्द"],[41,"a) Ethical Issue involved\ni) Balancing development v/s conservation\nii) Ignoring environmental concerns\niii) Violation of provisions of Environment impact assessment (EIA)\niv) Violation of rights of locals for promoting tourism\nv) Environmental destruction leading","",""],[45,"Q.10 You are posted as the District Magistrate (DM) of a district in the Nav Pradesh state of the country. Ramesh, a newly joined SDM in your district, actively engages with the public and is also known for his fitness-related activities. He has a strong presence on social media platforms, where he frequently posts about his work life and fitness endeavors on his personal account. Furthermore, he encourages the public to report issues within the district through his personal social media accounts, and he responds to their concerns, ensuring prompt actions are taken to address these issues. His active presence on social media has garnered him a massive following, not only in the district but also beyond. Also, direct communication with the public has led to a perception of greater transparency and accessibility of district administration in the eyes of the public.\nWhile Ramesh receives praise for his work in enhancing the trust and credibility of the administration, Ramesh's social media activities have also raised concerns among some of his colleagues and superiors. They argue that his posts often go beyond mere updates and venture into self-promotion, potentially blurring the lines between his personal life and his professional responsibilities. They express apprehensions that Ramesh might be seeking personal attention or recognition rather than focusing on his core duties as an SDM. Some of his juniors lamented working with him, as he often scolds them in public, and that too in the presence of cameras.\nOne day, a local MLA arrives at your office regarding a complaint that some of the posts by Ramesh are self-promoting in nature and expresses deep concern over the matter. He alleges that wherever the SDM goes, the normal functioning of the institution is hampered, and one of his official inspections near the highway resulted in heavy traffic congestion, leading to discomfort for commuters. He also says that while doing public work, Ramesh is perversely taking center stage and doesn't give enough credit to others. He expresses his apprehension that Ramesh might capitalize on this goodwill and may soon enter politics in the near future. He further said that in one of his posts, he seemingly divulged some classified information regarding the security apparatus of a high-level dignitary, which could have seriously jeopardized the dignitary's security arrangements.\nOn enquiring Ramesh, he argues that it is the duty of a civil servant to convey all the important information to the public about different schemes of the department. It would also improve the image of the administration among the public. Being in touch with the public would also help him better understand and address grassroots issues. Also, his fitness-related activities are to create awareness about healthy lifestyles, especially among the youth. He argues that his center-stage appearances at functions are because of requests from the organizing authorities of the functions. He also asserts that there is no hidden agenda in his actions.\nSome of your senior authorities have also expressed reservations about the active participation of civil servants on social media. They argue that Ramesh's activities are merely part of his regular work and should not be glorified. They assert that public money should not be used to promote oneself. They argue that bureaucrats should prioritize public service without seeking personal branding, and such self-promotion can create an impression of self-aggrandizement and detract from the selfless nature of public service.\nUsing fancy photos and highlighting official cars, residences, etc. as clickbait goes against the dignity that is expected of a public servant. By the very nature of the job, it is expected that bureaucracy should work behind a fine veil. Bureaucratic anonymity is a foundational value expected from a civil servant to ensure that a civil servant does not develop the negative externalities associated with the personality cult. Such social media posturing also runs the risk of civil servants playing to the gallery as every action comes under popular scrutiny. The point of reference becomes their social media viewership rather than the constitutional mandate.\na) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case study?\nb) Critically assess the role of social media in administration.\nc) What are the various possible choices available to you and which course of action would you choose? Justify your choice.","20","250"],[46,"a) उपरोक्त केस स्टडी में कौन से नैतिक मुद्दे शामिल हैं?\nb) प्रशासन में सोशल मीडिया की भूमिका का आलोचनात्मक मूल्यांकन कीजिए।\nc) आपके लिए विभिन्न संभावित विकल्प क्या उपलब्ध हैं और आप कौन सी कार्रवाई का रास्ता चुनेंगे? अपनी पसंद का औचित्य सिद्ध कीजिए।\na) उपरोक्त केस स्टडी में कौन से नैतिक मुद्दे शामिल हैं?\nb) प्रशासन में सोशल मीडिया की भूमिका का आलोचनात्मक मूल्यांकन कीजिए।\nc) आपके लिए विभिन्न संभावित विकल्प क्या उपलब्ध हैं और आप कौन सी कार्रवाई का रास्ता चुनेंगे? अपनी पसंद का औचित्य सिद्ध कीजिए।","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[51,"Q.11 Nisrael, a country in West Asia, recently faced an unprecedented attack on its soil, in which more than 1500 people were brutally massacred. Thousands were injured, and around 200 people were taken hostage. The coordinated attack from land, air, and sea was carried out by an organization named Tamas, which many countries, including Nisrael have designated as a terrorist organization. On the other hand, Tamas argues that it represents the cause of the people of Salestine, whose land is under the illegal occupation of Nisrael. Tamas justified its actions as armed resistance against Nisrael for freedom and self-determination.\nThe attack has sent shockwaves across Nisrael and around the world. Serious questions are being raised by citizens over the intelligence failure of Nisrael's Kossad, one of the most renowned intelligence agencies in the world. However, for the time being, Nisraelis have rallied behind their government and want a befitting response to such an audacious attack. Consequently, the PM of Nisrael has declared war on the Tamas and vowed to eliminate every member of the Tamas. Nisrael has responded by conducting aerial bombings of the Daza strip, which is governed by Tamas. The Daza Strip is a densely populated region, and aerial strikes by Nisrael have led to the killing of many innocent civilians. It is reported that more than 10,000 people have lost their lives in Daza, including some of the hostages as well. There is an acute shortage of food, fuel, and essential items in Daza. The United Nations has warned that the situation in Daza may turn into a grave humanitarian crisis.\nMeanwhile, the international community seems to be divided over the issue. While some countries are defending Nisrael's actions as an act of self-defense, others are blaming Nisrael's illegal occupation of Salestinian territory as the root cause of the conflict and supporting the Tamas. Some nations are pursuing a diplomatic tightrope walk by condemning the ghastly attack on Nisrael and raising concerns over the humanitarian crisis in the Daza strip. Experts fear that if a ceasefire is not declared immediately between the warring parties, the conflict may spiral to other countries in the restive West Asia and may assume catastrophic consequences.\nDharmat, a country in Asia, has good relations with both Nisrael and Salestine. While it has historic ties with Salestine, its relations with Nisrael have grown by leaps and bounds in recent times. Dharmat and Nisrael are strategic partners and are actively cooperating in different sectors like agriculture, wastewater management, counter-terrorism, etc. Also, Nisrael is one of the largest suppliers of cutting-edge defense equipment to Dharmat. Both Nisrael and Salestine have reached out to Dharmat to garner support for their respective positions. In Dharmat, there have been rallies and marches in support of both Nisrael and Salestine by different groups.\nThe Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) of Dharmat is exploring an official response to the whole situation. You are the secretary in MEA, tasked with drafting a response regarding the same.\na) What are the various ethical issues involved in the case study?\nb) List various factors that you would consider while drafting the response.","20","20"],[52,"a) केस स्टडी में शामिल विभिन्न नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं?\nb) उन विभिन्न कारकों की सूची बनाएं जिन पर आप प्रतिक्रिया का मसौदा तैयार करते समय विचार करेंगे।\na) केस स्टडी में शामिल विभिन्न नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं?\nb) उन विभिन्न कारकों की सूची बनाएं जिन पर आप प्रतिक्रिया का मसौदा तैयार करते समय विचार करेंगे।","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[57,"Q.12 Mohan was a new intern at ABC Infotech, a company that deals in the assembly and sales of desktops. ABC Infotech is a leading company in its field, and it was a dream come true for Mohan to get an opportunity to intern at the company. Mohan is an ethical and upright person who does his duty with the utmost sincerity and dedication. Mohan's hard work at ABC Infotech was well recognized, and his superiors were satisfied with his performance. One day, Avinash, Mohan's team leader, gave him a file and instructed him to deliver it to Mr. Manoj, the General Manager of XYZ Chemicals, a Public Sector Unit (PSU). Avinash told Mohan that the contents of the file were confidential as they contained the company's quotation for a tender of 100 computers required by XYZ Chemicals. Mohan felt encouraged that Avinash had chosen him for this important task. As instructed, Mohan reached the office of XYZ Chemicals on time. While waiting for his turn to meet the General Manager, Mohan noticed the citizen's charter of the XYZ chemicals on the wall. Apart from explicit provisions for transparency and checking corruption, there was a dedicated section for grievance redressal in the citizen's charter. Mohan mentally appreciated the initiative of having a citizen's charter at public offices. On his turn, Mohan greeted Mr. Manoj and presented him with his company's quotations. Mr. Manoj looked visibly satisfied with the quotations; however, he asked Mohan as to what incentives were there for him personally for approving the quotations. Mohan was shocked by this question, and before he could say anything, Mr. Manoj himself hinted that he expects 10% of the quotation value to be delivered to him as a token of gratitude for approving the quotation of ABC Infotech over the quotations of other companies. A man of scruples, Mohan was offended at the proposition of Mr. Manoj, who was directly demanding a bribe for doing his stipulated duty. He requested that Mr. Manoj consider the quotations on their competitive merit and not embarrass him by demanding a bribe. Mr. Manoj asked Mohan to leave and also told him that his attitude may become a problem for him and his company in the future. Mohan felt harassed by the threats from Mr. Manoj. While leaving XYZ Chemicals, Mohan remembered the grievance redressal section in the citizen's charter. He wrote a detailed application of complaint against Mr. Manoj on the letterhead of ABC Infotech and submitted it with the grievance redressal authority of XYZ Chemicals. On returning to his office, he informed Avinash about all that transpired at XYZ Chemicals. Mohan expected his company to initiate an official complaint against Mr. Manoj. However, he was shocked by the response from his company. Avinash blamed Mohan for spoiling the relations of the company with a long-time client. He also questioned Mohan's authority for writing a complaint on the company's letterhead without consulting his superior. He further belittled Mohan's actions by telling him that Mr. Manoj has always ensured that ABC Infotech gets preferential treatment over its competitors. Furthermore, Avinash asked Mohan to apologise to Mr. Manoj and take back his complaint. He also hinted that if he refused to comply, his internship with the company would end with immediate effect.\na) What are the ethical issues involved in this case study?\nb) Mohan considers you a wise person and seeks your advice. As a friend of Mohan, what advice will you give him under these circumstances?\nc) What are the reasons for the acceptance of this kind of corruption? What steps can be taken to tackle the same?","20","250"],[58,"a) इस केस स्टडी में कौन से नैतिक मुद्दे शामिल हैं?\nb) मोहन आपको बुद्धिमान व्यक्ति मानता है और आपसे सलाह चाहता है। मोहन के मित्र के रूप में आप उसे इन परिस्थितियों में क्या सलाह देंगे?\nc) इस प्रकार के भ्रष्टाचार को स्वीकार करने के क्या कारण हैं? इससे निपटने के लिए क्या कदम उठाए जा सकते हैं?","20 अंक","20 अंक"]]},{"i":750,"t":"Shivendra Pandey","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/SHIVENDRA-PANDEYUPSC_IAS_2025_Toppers_AIR_110_Sample_MG_TEST_2.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) It is often said that politics and ethics belong to different worlds. What is your opinion in this regard? Justify your answer with illustration. Also, highlight the consequences of divergence between politics and ethics.","10","150"],[5,"b) \"Those who would give up essential liberty to purchase a little temporary safety, deserve neither liberty nor safety.\" In the context of this statement, bring out the ethical issues involved with creating a surveillance state for the sake of national security.","10","150"],[7,"Q.2) a) \"Knowing yourself is the beginning of all wisdom.\" Discuss the importance of emotional intelligence in self-realisation. Do you think emotional intelligence can be learned?","10","150"],[9,"b) \"Those who don't know history are destined to repeat it.\" Do you agree? Illustrate with the help of examples.","10","150"],[11,"Q.3) a) \"Two things define you: Your patience when you have nothing and your attitude when you have everything.\" What roles do attitude and patience play in the personal and professional lives of civil servants?","10","150"],[13,"b) In light of incidents of serving civil servants openly criticising the government and some also resigning in protest, discuss whether civil servants should get entangled in the political discussions/opinions?","10","150"],[15,"Q.4) a) What do you understand by environmental ethics? Examine the ethical concerns in 'phase-down versus phase out debate' in the use of coal by developing countries.","10","150"],[17,"b) Define the term \"ethical hacking\". What are the principles that separate ethical hacking from malicious hacking?","10","150"],[19,"Q.5) a) \"In this hyperconnected and morally interdependent world, the most important thing we can share is trustworthiness.\" Why is trustworthiness important? In what ways can it be imbibed in an individual?","10","150"],[21,"b) Gendered attitudes convert differences in sexes into discriminations. Examine the factors responsible for negative attitudes toward women in the Indian society. How can these attitudes be changed?","10","150"],[23,"Q.6) What do the following quotations mean to you:\na) \"Tolerance implies no lack of commitment to one's own beliefs. Rather it condemns the oppression or persecution of others.\" - John F. Kennedy (10 marks, 150 words)","10","150"],[25,"b) A man can give up a right, but he may not give up a duty without being guilty of a grave dereliction.","10","150"],[27,"c) \"That which is not good for the bee-hive cannot be good for the bees.\" - Marcus Aurelius.","10","150"],[29,"Q.7) You are working as Director (Human Resource) in a software company. Various factors such as economic slowdown in some of the major trade partners of India and disruptive technological changes like generative Artificial Intelligence require rapid adaptive measures from businesses to survive. The marketing department has reported that there is lack of demand for the services provided by your company in the market and business-as-usual scenario could spell doom for the company. Your company has decided to take a slew of measures to tread through a tough phase of the business which include technological rejuvenation of the company and streamlining the workforce. A significant number of employees in your organization are above fifty years of age and are finding it difficult to adapt to the new working conditions and the rapid upskilling required by the company. After proper training, the employees were subjected to a test, and a list was prepared of those who are above fifty years of age and who did not do well in the test. You have been told by the board of directors that they have plans to lay off approximately 25% of the employees. This is essential for the efficiency and survival of the company. You have been given a list of employees who are to be laid off and you have been told to communicate to them the decision of the company to terminate them.\nIn the above list, there is an employee who has been working in the company for twenty years. He is known for his discipline, integrity, and loyalty to the company. His financial situation is not good at present as he applied for personal loan a few months ago in order to meet the expenses of his ailing father who was hospitalized. He is sole breadwinner of the family and has two dependent daughters. Marriage of one of the daughters is scheduled for next month.\na) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\nb) As the head of the HR department, what ethical dilemma do you face?\nc) Do you think that the company's decision is appropriate? According to you what should have been the ideal course of action in the given scenario?","20","250"],[34,"Q.8) Farmer unions have called for mass protest against the private sugar factories for pending arrear that are due for the last two years. On the day of mass protest, large number of farmers turned up at several places and the protests turned violent. There were instances of stone pelting, vehicle burning, and clashes with police, who were not able to control the violent protesters at some places. The resort to lathi charge only aggravated the agitated protestors. At one of the protest sites, police resorted to firing and four farmers were killed. This further fuelled the protests as farmers at other places also resorted to violence to protest against police action. Looking at the intensity of the situation, under opposition pressure, one of the Minister of the state government gave the statement that farmers did not die due to police firing but there were some anti-social elements amongst the protesters who fired in order to create unrest in the state. This statement of the Minister instead of calming the protesters further angered them as some eyewitness testified to news channels about the deaths being the result of police firing. All this further projected government in bad light and the police action has come under severe criticism by various sections of intelligentsia. The public sentiment has started to sway in favour of the protesting farmers. The protesters have started blocking all the major state highways which has crippled the day-to-day routine of the people of the state. Further, there is a danger that the situation might get out of control anytime. There is huge pressure on the state government to diffuse the situation. Suppose you are the district magistrate where the incident has taken place:\na) You are to address the press conference. What will be your statement to the media if it seeks clarification on whether people died in the police firing?\nb) What are the ethical issues involved in the case?\nc) What steps will you take to tackle the post-firing situation effectively?","20","250"],[39,"Q.9 A gaming website dedicated to chess has gained popularity in recent times due to its online lessons and tips for improving skills in the game. You have recently started playing chess at the platform. The platform provides you analysis of your games and suggests areas of improvement. The online lessons have helped you improve your game a lot over a very short time. You are amazed at the ability of competing with players of all levels of skills from across the world. While testing and improving your chess skills on the platform, you have made friendship and acquaintances with many competitive chess players from different parts of the world. Recently, you have been encountering racial, religious and stereotypical remarks during the games from the other players. Initially you ignored such things as childish tactics by an opponent to distract you from your gameplay. Later you would try to engage with such people to dispel stereotypes. But increasingly such experiences are making you sad and bitter. Now you block such people as you encounter them. What started as a fun and stimulating experience for you has become a source of negativity in your life. In your discussions with other people, you come to realize that they have also experienced similar racial and religious slurs, and many people have left the platform to avoid the abusive experience. You also sense that this is not an issue specific to this gaming website but is part of the generally seen behaviour on social media. You used to consider online trolling as harmless puns that could not create actual harm, but after experiencing its dark side as a victim you are realizing its negative impact. Given this information, what are your thoughts on the following:\na) How should one deal with the issues of on-line abuse such as in the case above? What options are available to you?\nb) What values should guide online behaviour? Do these values differ from values governing offline conduct?","20","250"],[44,"Q.10) Jajantara, one of the districts in Eastern India has emerged as a hotspot of voice phishing activity. Voice phishing, also known as 'vishing', is the use of fraudulent phone calls to trick people into giving money or revealing personal information. Vishing fraudsters often use modern VOIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) features such as caller ID spoofing and automated systems (IVR) to impede detection by law enforcement agencies. Vishing is typically used to steal credit card numbers, banking details or other information for identity theft and related crimes. The promise of earning huge amount of money in shorter span of time is used to lure unemployed and educated youth into this scam. The entire vishing racket is being run like an organised crime. The networks that run these scams have also started feeding other crimes like arms smuggling, money laundering, and gang wars. The system is on the verge of collapse and the common people are losing faith in the capability of administration to improve law and order in the district. The situation has been further worsened by unconfirmed reports that local politicians as well as some senior police officers are providing surreptitious patronage to the phishing mafia. The poor reputation of the district has started to reflect in international headlines. The youth from the area are stigmatised and face hurdles in gaining employment due to the negative perceptions about the district. You are a police officer who is appointed as superintendent of police to bring the situation to normalcy. Identify the various dimensions of the crisis. Based on your understanding, suggest measures to deal with the same.","20","250"],[46,"1) Identification of various dimension of crisis\na) Lack of unemployment opportunity\nb) Nexus between politician, police officials & dereliction of duty of policial official in controlling crime is biggest reason for continuation & corruption, rent-seeking etc is used to extract money from criminals to give safe passage\nc) Internal security challenges due to arm smuggling, organised crime & proximity to naxal corridor poses a significant challenge for India","",""],[49,"Q.11 Prahlad is a climate conscious and responsible citizen, who left his well-paying job as a senior manager in a multinational company to start a small firm that would manufacture eco-friendly products. The motto of his company is \"no waste, all green\". His firm makes bio-degradable polymer which can be used as an alternative to plastic bags, bottles, plates etc. Prahlad thinks that this will promote a healthier environment and will have a positive impact on people's health. It will also help address the problem of climate change by reducing one's carbon footprint. For this to be achieved, he believes that not just products, but the process too should be less polluting. This is why, he invested heavily in non-polluting machinery. These machines are certified as \"green machines\". In fact, some of them were even imported from other countries. All of this has gained him a good reputation in the eyes of critics and environmentalists. But as the technology used in manufacturing these products is new, imported and expensive, the products made by Prahlad's firm is costlier than conventional plastic products. Prahlad has proved that his product is environmentally benign, but he was unable to scale up production because of he ran out of funds. Prahlad knows that if he could start manufacturing the polymer at a large scale and leverage economies of scale his product would become more price competitive to conventional plastics. Prahlad used last of his funds to publicize his product. Prahlad thought that with this publicity, raising funds from the market would be easy. Prahlad reached out to many investors, and they showed great interest in Prahlad's product. But none of them were willing to invest money in this product. They feared that this new product, being much expensive, would not be able to compete with the conventional plastic products. Prahlad's firm is also losing his existing customer who complain about very high cost of his products. Both Prahlad's prospective investors and past customers know that this technology is less polluting and environmentally benign and has a positive attitude towards it. But consumer concern and attitude about the environment does not readily translate into the purchase of environmentally friendly products. Academic research has also identified this gap between purchase intentions and behaviors. Prahlad knows that if he changes the production procedure, things can look better for the company on the financial front, but that can take away his reputation and will also be against his own beliefs. The only possible hope is to expand his consumer base, sell his products at full capacity and convince investors to invest in his eco-friendly venture to keep his green industry running. Consider yourself in Prahlad's position and answer the following questions:\na) How will you induce behavioral change to nudge people to move towards eco-friendly products?\nb) What factors will you have to consider while inspiring such a change?","20","250"],[55,"Q.12 As you are a very good friend of Sundar. He discusses the matter with you. Answer the following questions:\na) Why such instance of corruption in government programmes are common across the country? How can they be prevented?\nb) Enumerate various interests involved in this case from the perspective of different stakeholders. What advice will you give to Sundar?","20","20"]]},{"i":1034,"t":"Shivin Chaudhary","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1KigC42wnNZHGD85UKxyOpIFCsQqbH4c8/view","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) Successful people are not those who did not fail, but those who persisted in turbulent times and kept moving after a failure. In light of this statement, examine the importance of adversity quotient in life. How can adversity quotient be developed? (10 marks, 150 words)\nb) ‘Strength does not come from physical capacity but from an indomitable will.’ – Gandhi. What does strength mean to you and how far do you agree with the given statement? Discuss with suitable example. (10 marks, 150 words)","10","150"],[4,"Q.4 \na) Gendered attitudes convert differences in sexes into discriminations. Examine the factors responsible for negative attitudes toward women in the Indian society. How can these attitudes be changed? (10 marks, 150 words)\nb) How are ethical concerns and work culture of public institutions different from those of private institutions? Examine the desirability of adoption of work culture similar to private institutions in public institutions. (10 marks, 150 words)","",""],[5,"Q.7) Sunshine electronics is a domestic mobile manufacturer and you are its CEO. Sunshine electronics has made an affordable 5g phone with over 80% domestically sourced components. It has spent a large amount of money for promotion of the phone. General public is excited about the new phone and the company has already received over 1 lakh pre-launch orders from various online shopping portals. The achievement of the company has also received recognition from the highest political level and has been cited as a successful example of Atma-Nirbhar Bharat. The Central Minister of Electronics and Information Technology is the chief guest in the launch event of the new mobile phone.\nJust a day before the launch of the new phone, you received a call from the Chief Technology Officer (CTO) of your company. He informs you that the US has banned Huwu Technologies Pvt. Ltd. from doing business in the USA and a similar ban is expected to be imposed by the EU in the next few days. The ban on Huwu is based on a report claiming that Huwu has been working very closely with the Chinese government and there are technical ‘backdoors’ in the components made by Huwu that allows it to spy on users of the devices that have these components.\nThe new phone made by your company also uses a chip manufactured by Huwu. To fulfil the pre-orders in the shortest possible time, Sunshine Electronics has also manufactured around fifty thousand devices. Cancelling or postponing the launch event would be embarrassing for political dispensation and financially disastrous for your company. On the other hand, going ahead with the launch would mean potentially risking the privacy and security of your customers.\n1) On the basis of this case, identify the various ethical dilemmas involved.\n2) What principles of corporate ethics would you consider while taking the decision in this case?\n3) Examine various options available with you for handling the issue at hand. What will you do in the given case?","20","20"],[6,"Q.8 Asanpur is a beautiful small district in Northern part of India. It used to be the hub of stone mining activity. However, excessive mining led to environmental degradation and rapid soil erosion while cutting of stone created air pollution hazard. Due to various detrimental impacts, NGT has imposed a ban on stone mining in Asanpur. Despite this ban, the mining mafia has been able to operate with connivance of corrupt government officials and politicians. Many officers hve tried to stop this illegal mining, but the powerful mafia has either forced them to submit through force or bribed them or got them transferred through their political contacts. Last week, a DSP lost his life when he was trying to stop a truck carrying illegally mined stones.\nYou recently got promoted and made the SP of Asanpur. Upon taking the charge, you quickly realized the gravity of the problem. Illegal mining was run by organized gangs in the district. It was also linked to other crimes in your city ranging from petty crimes like pick pocketing to serious offenses like kidnapping and murders. Illegal mining and related crime have negatively impacted socio-economic development of the district as youth are increasingly getting involved in the illegal activities and businesses are leaving the district due to high crime rates.\nOne day, a junior officer approached you and informed you that he has been receiving threats from the illegal stone miners. He also informs you that others in the task force are also facing problems like someone in the task force is being harassed by reopening an old settled case against him while someone else has received a transfer order to a remote district. This has demotivated the taskforce and reminded them of the connections of illegal miners in the district. The same day, when you reach home, your wife tells you that she got a call from an unknown number threatening her of dire consequences if you do not stop your investigation. You fear that the call was from a member of the organized crime syndicate involved in the illegal mining activity. Your wife is worried about the safety of the family and requests you to be lenient in your work. In this situation, answer the following questions:\n1) How will you motivate the task force to work with honesty in this adverse condition?\n2) How would you justify putting your family at risk in line of your duty?\n3) Identify the various dimensions of the crisis. Based on your understanding, suggest measures to deal with the crisis.","20","250"],[7,"Q.9) Under the Mid-Day Meal (MDM) scheme, children are served cooked food in their school. It has been revolutionary in not only improving the nutritional status of children but also increasing the retention ratio in schools. However, the quality of food has been a cause of concern.\nIn one of the unfortunate incidents, two students lost their lives and over thirty children fell ill after eating the MDM in their school. The district administration was quick in its action and fired the cook (bhojan-mata) of the concerned school. The bhojan-mata, who belongs to a backward caste, is the sole breadwinner in her family after her husband passed away. In an TV interview related to the incident, Bhojan-mata claimed that she is being made a scapegoat and being targeted only because she belongs to a backward caste. This created a political storm in the state. Opposition parties picked up the issue of social discrimination and started state-wide protest demanding justice for the bhojan-mata. The protest found resonance with masses and the ruling party was severely criticized.\nTo win back the confidence of the public, the government has constituted a commission to investigate the matter in an impartial manner. You are a joint secretary level officer and have been appointed as a member of the commission. During the investigation, you found that bhojan-mata was indeed not at fault. It was the contractor who was supplying poor quality raw materials to the school that caused the food poisoning in children. You also found that the food contractor was the brother of a powerful cabinet minister. You suspect that the district administration was hand-in-glove with the contractor and they connived to implicate bhojan-mata and exonerate the contractor.\nYou brought these findings before the head of the commission. To your surprise, the head of the commission informs you that he was already aware of these facts. He informs you that the minister has asked him to make a report that vindicates the bhojan-mata and reinstates her in order to subdue the opposition led agitations. He asks you to find someone else who can be blamed to ensure that the government is able to save its face as declaring the brother of a sitting cabinet minister responsible would push the government further in trouble. He also tells you that helping the ruling dispensation would ultimately help you, subtly giving hints of getting a ‘plum posting’ and also warns you that going against the wish of the minister can attract the wrath of the minister that can be disastrous for your career.\n1) What are the various ethical dilemmas that you face in this situation?\n2) What are the different courses of action that you can take? Identify the most suitable course of action and justify your choice.","20","20"],[8,"Q.10 Rashmi is a trained nurse and has an experience of over 20 years. She joined as a contractual nurse in a government hospital during the second wave of Covid-19. At the peak of the second wave of Covid, the health system of the country crumbled under the large number of infections. There was a severe shortage of not only items like medicine, oxygen cylinders etc but also of trained staff. To address the bed shortage, many temporary covid camps were established and to cope up with the dearth of trained staff, the government started hiring on contractual basis. Many nurses, computer operators, sweepers and others in support staff were temporarily hired for the covid period in accordance with outsourcing policy for emergency services at government hospitals. Due to their immense contribution in fight against the pandemic, they were recognized as ‘corona warriors’. During their hiring, a verbal promise was made to them that, ‘corona warriors’ would be given preference in other government hirings. Rashmi signed a contract stating the term of her employment as three months, which was subsequently extended for three more months and so on. After a year, as the number of covid infections have declined, the government has closed many of the temporary camps. Vaccination drive has also shown a decelerating trend as the majority of the population has been inoculated with at least one dose. This has reduced the requirement of nurses, computer operators and other supporting staff. Rashmi was served a 15 day notice and her contractual employment was terminated. Government has cited that since covid wave has subsided, contractual human resource would be laid-off and the money saved would be used for augmenting health infrastructure in the country. Rashmi recalls her ordeal while taking care of patients during the second wave of Covid-19. She did continuous night shifts which usually stretched to 12-13 hours. Wearing PPE and 3 layers of masks for\na) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the above case.\nb) What are the ethical duties of the government towards contractual employees like Rashmi?\nc) Suggest measures to address the ethical issues involved in the above case.","20","250"],[9,"On the basis of this case, answer the following questions:\n1) What are the various ethical issues involved in this case?\n2) Do you think Rashmi is justified in demanding a permanent government job?\n3) Do you think the government is justified in terminating the contracts of corona warriors?\n4) Consider yourself in the position of Health secretary in the concerned state. What would you do to address the issue at hand?","","20"],[10,"Q.12 Jayant is a hard-working and dedicated IAS officer. He is currently posted in a remote district in North-East India. Jayant is married to Sarita who used to work as a software engineer before her marriage. Sarita is a well-educated and ambitious woman who wants to be known by her name and not only as the wife of IAS officer Jayant. Sarita wants to restart her career and has been searching for a suitable job for some time. She has found a good job in an MNC that pays well, but she will have to move to Bangalore for it. Sarita wants to take up this opportunity but Jayant’s mother does not want Sarita to move to Bangalore. Jayant also wants Sarita to stay with him so that they can have kids and start their family. Sarita proposes that Jayant move with him to Bangalore as she will get a salary that is substantially more than Jayant’s. Jayant and his mother found this proposal offending. Further,","",""],[11,"1) Help Jayant identify different options available with him to cope with the crisis? Discuss the merits and demerits of each of these options.\n2) As a mutual friend, what advice would you give to Jayant and Sarita in this case so that they can return back to being a happy couple?\n3) How can Jayant develop the qualities that are required to handle such crisis situations in life?","20","250"]]},{"i":758,"t":"Shoham Teberiwal","c":"Nextias","p":"GS1","y":null,"r":77,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/93393beb2b7e996905ce7ea7f8b78443/86/air-77-shoham-teberiwal_test-5_gs1.pdf","q":[[5,"1. How did the ancient trade routes connecting India to foreign countries contribute to the exchange and dissemination of culture? (Answer in 150 words) 10 marks.","10","150"],[7,"2. The Quit India movement was a people's movement cutting across the class divides but it was the women's leadership that left a clear mark. Analyse.","10","Answer in 150"],[9,"3. The hallmark of post-Independent India has been its remarkable strides in science and technology. To what extent did scientific development during this period put India on the path of modernity?","10","150"],[11,"4. Discuss the feasibility of Interlinking rivers to resolve the issue of water stress in other regions.","10","150"],[13,"5. How will the structural shift from coal-based power plants to renewable energy generation impact human development in coal-bearing states?","10","150"],[15,"6. To what extent temperature and precipitation are the most important factors that determine soil properties?","10","Answer in 150"],[17,"7. Why are severe and intense cyclones becoming a regular phenomenon in the Arabian Sea? Substantiate with examples.","10","Answer in 150"],[19,"8. In the context of cultural diversity in India, can we consider Southern states as distinct cultural units in comparison to the rest of India? Substantiate your view.","10","150"],[21,"9. Poverty and population growth are locked in a vicious cycle, where poverty restricts individuals' ability to break free from the cycle, while population growth strains resources. Discuss.","10","150"],[23,"10. India has a rich heritage in the internationalization of education. In this context how will the recent push for the 'internationalization of education' impact society and foster cultural exchange?","10","150"],[25,"11. 'Although there were many differences between the Gandhara and Mathura art, they considerably influenced the Amravati school of art.' Elaborate.","15","Answer in 250"],[28,"'England's Industrial Revolution not only transformed the economic landscape but also had far-reaching social and cultural impacts'. Discuss.","15","250"],[31,"3. How did the social reform and ideological struggle against the backward traditional elements and hegemony of colonial culture in the nineteenth century influence the emergence of a distinct cultural identity and national consciousness?","15","250"],[34,"How does temperature inversion affect atmospheric conditions and what are its implications for local weather patterns and air pollution levels?","15","Answer in 250"],[37,"15. What are the geographical factors responsible for mangrove vegetation in India? How does climate change pose a threat to mangrove vegetation in India?","15","Answer in 250"],[40,"What are the geographical and economic factors that influence the location of the sugar industry, and how do they contribute to the growth of the industry in India and different parts of the world?","15","Answer in 250"],[43,"17. What are the key strategies used in dryland farming to overcome water scarcity and maximize agricultural productivity in arid and semi-arid regions? Also, discuss the need to promote dryland farming in India.","15","Answer in 250"],[46,"How has the contemporary women's movement encompassed diverse approaches beyond traditional methods? Also, highlight the unique contribution and challenges of the contemporary women's movement.","15","250"],[49,"19. Do you think that the forces of modernization that catalyzed the eradication of social evils in Indian society have also threatened our cultural values and ethos?","15","Answer in 150"],[52,"In the context of states in India evaluate the relationship between regional disparity and sentiments of regionalism. Is regionalism antagonistic to the idea of nationalism?","15","Answer in 150"]]},{"i":759,"t":"Shoham Teberiwal","c":"Nextias","p":"GS1","y":null,"r":77,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/93393beb2b7e996905ce7ea7f8b78443/87/air-77-shoham-teberiwal_test-1_gs1.pdf","q":[[4,"Q.1 The fabric of Indian philosophical thought owes as much to Northern India as to Southern India. Elucidate. (Answer in 150 words) 10 Marks","10","150"],[6,"Q.2 The Indian society's impulse for social change and reform was a response to its opposition to colonial rule. Examine.","10","150"],[8,"Q.3 What are the factors that led to the Russian revolution and what are the consequences of this revolution? Discuss its influence on the Indian national movement.","10","150"],[10,"Q.4 Discuss the various factors responsible for the uneven temperature distribution on Earth's surface.","10","150"],[12,"Q.5 The melting of glaciers due to climate change has serious implications for the ecosystem and human society. Discuss the effects of melting glaciers on the environment and the measures that can be taken to address this issue.","10","150"],[14,"Q.6 The White Revolution was most successful in the Western part of India. Discuss the factors for this regional success of the White Revolution.","10","150"],[16,"Q.7 To what extent does seismic investigation contribute to our understanding of the Earth's interior structure? Analyze its significance in detail.","10","Answer in 150"],[18,"Q.8 The pace of demographic transition varies across different states of India making population growth a double-edged sword. Comment.","10","150"],[20,"Q.9 The ethnic and cultural diversity in India has always been bound by the thread of unity. Discuss the major factors that have contributed to the cultural unity of India.","10","Answer in 150"],[22,"Q.10 The dichotomy in public and private life in Indian society acts as a major barrier to the annihilation of caste. Justify.","10","150"],[24,"Q.11 India was forced into numerous wars post Independence. Highlight the causes and impact of the Indo-Pak and Indo-China wars on our bilateral relationships.","15","Answer in 250"],[27,"1.12 The process of consolidation of Bengal, which started after the Battle of Plassey culminated in the Battle of Buxar. Do you think the Battle of Buxar was more important for the British than Plassey?","15","Answer in 250"],[30,"Q.13 Sanskrit literature in general and particularly in the Guptan age set a high watermark for the literary history of ancient India. Discuss.","15","250"],[33,"14 The configuration of the ocean floor provides essential information about the geological processes that have shaped the Earth's surface. Discuss the major features of the ocean floor and their significance in the study of oceanography.","15","250"],[36,"Q.15 With the growing demand for rare earth elements, their distribution has become a critical aspect of the global economy. Discuss the distribution of rare earth elements across the world, their uses, and the environmental impact of their extraction.","15","250"],[39,"Tourism in the hilly states is threatening to exceed the ecological carrying capacity of the region. Analyze the factors contributing to this trend and evaluate the potential Environmental impacts of this phenomenon. What measures can be taken to ensure sustainable tourism in these states?","15","250"],[42,"Q.17 The Indian monsoon is a complex phenomenon influenced by various climatic factors. Critically examine the role of oceanic and atmospheric factors in determining the intensity and distribution of monsoon rainfall in India.","15","250"],[45,"18 Why do traditions in our society impede change? To what extent can social legislation be instrumental against old customary practices?","15","250"],[48,"Q.19 Slums are not 'problems' that have to be 'solved' - but are indeed a result of lopsided and vested urban policies covering infrastructure provision and socio-economic issues. Analyse.","15","Answer in 250"],[51,"20 Communalism gains strength from economic deprivation, and thrives in environments of social exclusion, creating fertile ground for discontent and division. Comment.","15","Answer in 250"]]},{"i":756,"t":"Shoham Teberiwal","c":"Nextias","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":77,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/93393beb2b7e996905ce7ea7f8b78443/83/air-77-shoham-teberiwal_test-6_gs2.pdf","q":[[5,"1. \"Interstate border disputes, if not promptly and impartially settled, can transform into persistent issues that impede development and generate friction\". Highlighting the constitutional and legal framework to resolve interstate disputes, explain why Independent India has failed to resolve inter-state border disputes.","10","150"],[7,"2. Examine the role of the Inter-state Council in promoting vertical (Centre-State) and horizontal (Inter-State) Intergovernmental cooperation and coordination.","10","Answer in 150"],[9,"3. Discuss the key function of the Public Accounts Committee (PAC). What steps should be taken to revamp the Public Accounts Committee (PAC) in order to enhance its effectiveness as a true guardian of public funds?","10","150"],[11,"4. Recognizing the pivotal role of urbanization as a driver of national economic growth, the Fifteenth Finance Commission has suggested major reforms for Urban Local Bodies. Evaluate the recommendations put forward by the Fifteenth Finance Commission in promoting and revitalizing ULBs in India.","10","Answer in 150"],[13,"5. Highlight the key differences in the scope of Freedom of speech and expression as provided under Parliamentary privileges vis a vis Fundamental rights. Why is it necessary to maintain a balance between parliamentary privilege and fundamental rights?","10","Answer in 150"],[15,"6. Civil society organizations, play a pivotal role in fostering \"collective private action for the public good\". What challenges do they face in local resource mobilization (LRM) and corporate funding through corporate social responsibility (CSR)? Also, suggest measures.","10","150"],[17,"7. The first step to eradicating poverty is reliable poverty assessment for program design, implementation, and monitoring. In this context discuss the methodology and significance of NITI Aayog's National Multidimensional Poverty Index.","10","150"],[19,"8. In the context of India, despite the presence of constitutional provisions, legal precedents, and international commitments that establish a robust foundation for a right to health, why has there been a lack of explicit legal recognition of this right?","10","150"],[21,"9. The collective strength of BRICS nations allows for meaningful cooperation on myriad issues, however, the platform's ability to influence the trajectory of bilateral relationships remains limited. Do you agree?","10","150"],[23,"10. In light of the recent demands to amend the Indus Waters Treaty, discuss the possible implications it could have on the water-sharing mechanism between India and Pakistan.","10","150"],[25,"11. The doctrine of Parliamentary sovereignty and judicial supremacy has exerted considerable influence in shaping the constitutional frameworks of India and the USA. Citing relevant case laws discuss the role of the judiciary in influencing the constitutions in these countries. Is the scope of judicial review wider in India?","15","250"],[28,"Delimitation of seats is essential to ensure fair representation and uphold the principles of one vote, one value. Highlighting the challenges posed by misrepresentation in constituencies, analyze the ramifications of population-based delimitation in creating federal tension.","15","250"],[31,"13. Discuss the role of the Supreme Court of India in strengthening the hands of the Election Commission in the discharge of its constitutional responsibility of conducting free and fair elections in the country.","15","250"],[34,"'The declining role of Parliament undermines the fundamental principle of separation of powers, as it diminishes the legislature's ability to serve as a check on the executive branch and ensure a balanced exercise of power.' Discuss.","15","250"],[37,"15. Discuss the crucial role played by the National Commission of Women in shaping the discourse on gender-sensitive laws in India. To what extent the elevation of the National Commission for Women to a constitutional body would reinforce its authority?","15","250"],[40,"'Satisfactory and timely redressal of grievances is the cornerstone of 'minimum government, maximum governance.' In this context discuss the challenges associated with current grievance redress mechanisms and suggest measures to strengthen the process.","15","250"],[43,"17. 'Corruption corrodes the fabric of governance, eroding the public's faith in democratic institutions.' Examine the potential for harmonizing the Right to Information (RTI) Act, the Whistleblower Protection Act (WBPA), and the Lokpal & Lokayukta Act, 2013, to enhance the effectiveness of the anticorruption regime.","15","250"],[46,"Analyze the potential challenges and benefits involved in leveraging SHGs as platforms for skill development, entrepreneurship, and income generation among marginalized communities to effectively counter poverty.","15","250"],[49,"19 'India is uniquely positioned on the world map for its rich culture.' In this context discuss the role of culture, diaspora, and democracy as instruments of India's soft power diplomacy. To what extent India has been able to position itself as a 'smart power'?","15","250"],[52,"The synergy of shared values and vibrant people-to-people connections between India and Australia creates a fertile ground for fostering long-lasting trade relations and strategic collaboration between the two nations. Analyse.","15","250"]]},{"i":757,"t":"Shoham Teberiwal","c":"Nextias","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":77,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/93393beb2b7e996905ce7ea7f8b78443/85/air-77-shoham-teberiwal_test-2_gs2.pdf","q":[[4,"Q.1 There is a need to resolve the ambiguity in the disqualification provisions under section 8 of the Representation of People Act 1951. Discuss.","10","150"],[6,"Q.2 Constitution is a mere skeleton whereas constitutionalism is the soul of democracy. Discuss.","10","150"],[8,"Q.3 \"Electoral bonds are a double-edged sword, providing anonymity to donors while raising concerns about transparency in political funding.\" To what extent have electoral bonds further legitimized opacity in electoral funding?","10","Answer in 150"],[10,"Q.4 The question of gender equality is central to the debate on Uniform Civil Code. In this light what are the challenges in reconciling UCC with gender equality as enshrined in the constitution?","10","150"],[12,"Q.5 'The Governor's office is neither decorative nor inconsequential, it assumes a constitutional role of profound essence' To what extent does the Governor, actively contribute to the governance of a state and reinforce the principles of federalism in the country?","10","150"],[14,"Q.6 Recently demand has been rising in a state regarding the enactment of Social Accountability Law. How such a law can lead to good governance and boost citizens' participation in decision-making. Comment.","10","150"],[16,"Q.7 There is a need for convergence of 'nutrition-specific' and 'nutrition-sensitive' interventions to effectively tackle child undernutrition in India. Examine.","10","Answer in 150"],[18,"Q.8 \"MGNREGA, the lynchpin of rural poverty alleviation, has become the victim of fiscal apathy.\" Critically analyze the statement in light of recent developments.","10","150"],[20,"Q.9 \"India must leverage, if not manage, the global divides\". How can the current geopolitical churn pave the way for India's rise to the global high table?","10","Answer in 150"],[22,"Q.10 \"Berlin can be India's gateway to the European Union.\" Elaborate with respect to Germany's significance in India's relationship with the EU.","10","150"],[24,"Q.11 How has the Anti-Defection Law impacted the relationship between political parties and individual legislators in India? In light of the recent incidents also discuss the unintended consequences it has on the functioning of democracy in India.","15","Answer in 250"],[27,"Critics assert that limitless judicial authority rests on the structural ambiguity of the basic structure doctrine. Has the elastic nature of the basic structure doctrine made the judiciary more powerful than the executive?","15","Answer in 250"],[30,"Q.13 Fundamental rights are not gifts bestowed upon by the state rather an individual possesses them independently of the state. In this context discuss the desirability of reasonable restrictions on various fundamental rights.","15","250"],[33,"'S.R. Bommai v. Union of India signified a paradigm shift in the judicial interpretation of the union's authority to assume control of a state's administration.' In this context discuss the significance and impact of the judgement on cementing the federal structure.","15","Answer in 250"],[36,"Q.15 The key to effective decentralization is, 'political decentralization should follow finance and functional decentralization'. Discuss in the context of impediments faced by local governance in India.","15","250"],[39,"Multi-stakeholder partnerships are the key to leveraging collective expertise and networks. How can effective partnership and localized implementation efforts be fostered to accelerate the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in India?","15","Answer in 250"],[42,"Q.17 How has the implementation of the POSH Act resulted in limited success in raising awareness about sexual harassment, and what factors have hindered its effective outreach to women employed in the unorganized sector? Propose strategies to bridge this gap and ensure comprehensive protection for women in the unorganized sector against workplace harassment.","15","250"],[45,"18 'Neo-liberal reforms and globalization have deeply transformed the institutions of the welfare state and set the ground for a new type of civil services.' In this context examine the challenges faced in service delivery and suggest adequate reforms.","15","250"],[48,"Q.19 China views India as its \"Asian Rival\" with an innate ability to counter its hegemonistic goals in Asia. Despite these difficulties in India-China relations, there are also many areas of convergence. Discuss.","15","250"],[51,"Indo-Pacific region in recent times has emerged as a zone of diverging interests and priorities. Discuss. Do you think the Global Security Initiative will supersede QUAD in the region?","15","Answer in 250"]]},{"i":754,"t":"Shoham Teberiwal","c":"Nextias","p":"GS3","y":null,"r":77,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/93393beb2b7e996905ce7ea7f8b78443/81/air-77-shoham-teberiwal_test-3_gs3.pdf","q":[[5,"Q.1 What do you understand by Windfall tax? Do you think that windfall taxes can effectively redistribute wealth and promote greater economic equality?","10","Answer in 150"],[7,"Q2 Discuss the perceived successes and challenges of implementing inflation targeting under the new Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) regime.","10","150"],[9,"Q.3 Assess the potential of millet production in promoting sustainable agriculture and improving food security in India.","10","150"],[11,"Q.4 Jal Jeevan Mission has the potential to end the regional disparity in the availability and accessibility of drinking water. Highlighting the significance of the mission, discuss the underlying impediments in achieving the desired objectives.","10","150"],[13,"Q.5 What do you understand by Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS)? Discuss its applications and how it can revolutionize the energy program of India.","10","150"],[15,"Q.6 Discuss in brief developments and challenges in the Gaganyaan mission of ISRO. What are the possible benefits of the mission for the society?","10","150"],[17,"Q.7 \"Green hydrogen can be the silver bullet in our quest to tackle climate change and pollution\". Critically analyze the statement in light of India's National Green Hydrogen mission.","10","150"],[19,"Q.8 What are the key lessons for disaster management and environmental conservation in the Himalayan region, in light of the recent disaster in Joshimath, Uttarakhand?","10","Answer in 150"],[21,"Q.9 \"The recent radical trends in Punjab show that the Khalistan issue is still simmering.\" Discuss the statement with respect to recent developments and suggest measures to handle it.","10","Answer in 150"],[23,"Q.10 The anonymity and ease of drone operation contribute to the challenges of India's border security. Elaborate and give suggestions to tackle the drone problem in border areas.","10","150"],[25,"Q.11 Electricity Amendment Bill, 2022 brings several advantages for consumers, DISCOMs as well as the environment. Elaborate. Also, list out its shortcomings and suggest some measures to overcome them.","15","Answer in 250"],[28,"Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) plays an important role in the regulation of the share market and safeguarding the interests of investors. In the light of given statement, highlight the challenges faced by the SEBI and suggest reforms in this regard.","15","Answer in 250"],[31,"Q.13 Despite being a major contributor to the Indian economy, the agriculture sector is plagued by several constraints that impede its growth and development. Discuss the role of technology in overcoming these constraints.","15","250"],[34,"Evaluate the impact of irrigation on the environment and natural resources, and suggest measures to ensure the sustainability and equity of irrigation practices in agriculture.","15","250"],[37,"Q.15 How India benefitted strategically from the contributions of Dr. Homi Jehangir Bhabha and Dr. Vikram Ambalal Sarabhai in the fields of atomic energy and space technology respectively?","15","250"],[40,"Generative AI holds the potential to push the boundaries of innovation in the near future, yet its societal impact raises substantial challenges. Elaborate.","15","Answer in 250"],[43,"Q.17 Explain the purpose of the \"Mangrove Alliance for Climate\" launched at the COP27 UN Climate Change Conference in Egypt in November 2022. Elaborate on the importance of mangroves in maintaining the coastal ecology of tropical nations.","15","Answer in 250"],[46,"8 The Formation of the Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure brings more robustness to the Disaster Management approach in India. Comment and justify the need for a new strategy to tackle Disasters in India.","15","Answer in 250"],[49,"Q.19 The recent rise in ransomware attacks targeting critical infrastructure and major corporations has highlighted the urgent need for stronger cybersecurity measures and policies. Discussing the key factors contributing to this trend, analyze the impact of these attacks on various sectors.","15","Answer in 250"],[52,"In the context of border security, how can cooperation and coordination between different security agencies be improved to ensure effective and efficient management of coastal and terrestrial borders?","15","Answer in 250"]]},{"i":755,"t":"Shoham Teberiwal","c":"Nextias","p":"GS3","y":null,"r":77,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/93393beb2b7e996905ce7ea7f8b78443/82/air-77-shoham-teberiwal_test-7_gs3.pdf","q":[[5,"1. Elaborate on the difference between Capital Account and Current Account as components of Balance of Payment (BOP). Suggest a few measures to balance the BOP deficit of India.","10","150"],[7,"2. The logistics sector is one of the important components of the growth of the manufacturing industry. Discuss. Also, mention various components of the recently announced National Logistics Policy 2022.","10","150"],[9,"3. What is India's stand on the New Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies under WTO? How is the Fisheries sector significant for India? Enumerate the steps taken by the Government to develop this sector.","10","Answer in 150"],[11,"4. Analyze the systemic and institutional constraints that continue to hinder land reform efforts in India and propose pragmatic solutions to ensure equitable distribution of land.","10","150"],[13,"5. What are the unique features and capabilities of the BrahMos supersonic cruise missile, and how has it contributed to India's defence capabilities and strategic position in the region?","10","Answer in 150"],[15,"6. In line with the country's efforts to explore the depths of the ocean and harness the resources it holds, the Indian government has proposed a deep-sea exploration mission Samudrayaan. How can this mission contribute to the advancement of ocean science and technology in the country?","10","Answer in 150"],[17,"7. What is Global Methane Pledge? Do you think the Global Methane Pledge is a positive step toward mitigating methane emissions? Explain India's stance on this issue.","10","150"],[19,"8. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of disaster management in public health. Discuss the key strategies and challenges for managing pandemics and other infectious disease outbreaks.","10","150"],[21,"9. \"The resource curse of Eastern and Central India has been a crucial driver of LWE\". Elaborate and suggest measures for sustainable and inclusive development of the region.","10","150"],[23,"10. In light of the declining trend of violence in the North East and J&K region do you think that AFSPA has lived its utility? Comment.","10","150"],[25,"11. International trade is centred on the dominant currency paradigm (DCM). Critically Analyze the importance of Hard currency in International trade and Discuss the potential of rupee acceptance in global trade as an alternative to dollar imperialism.","15","250"],[28,"A demographic Dividend does not ensure growth; it only generates potential. Discuss the steps made by the government to take advantage of the opportunities presented by the demographic transition.","15","250"],[31,"13. 'Genome editing holds immense potential for crop improvement, but it also raises ethical and safety concerns'. How far do the new guidelines for the safety assessment of genome-edited plants in India, ensure the safety of genetically modified crops?","15","Answer in 250"],[34,"Discuss the impact of direct and indirect farm subsidies on the agriculture sector in India. How have Minimum Support Prices (MSP) affected the agricultural economy?","15","Answer in 250"],[37,"15. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a rapidly escalating crisis that poses a grave threat to public health worldwide. What are the major contributing factors to the growing problem of antimicrobial resistance, and what steps can be taken to address this global health threat?","15","250"],[40,"What do you understand by Disruptive innovations? What are some examples of disruptive innovation in recent times, and how have they changed the way industries operate?","15","Answer in 250"],[43,"17. Trace the evolution of the Loss and Damage fund. What are the major development related to loss and damage funds in COP 27?, What are the commitments made by India in this conference?","15","Answer in 250"],[44,"4. In COP 27 at Egypt, the countries agreed to work to create a framework to be discussed & adopted in UAE's COP 28","",""],[46,"18. Disaster management is not just about responding to emergencies but also about building resilient communities. Discuss the key strategies that can be used to build community resilience and reduce the impact of disasters.","15","250"],[49,"19. The transformation of terrorism through the use of new and emerging technologies like metaverse and virtual assets is a matter of concern. How can we counter the Use of New and Emerging Technologies for Terrorist Purposes and Elucidate the importance of the \"Delhi declaration\" in this regard?","15","250"],[52,"20. The Agnipath scheme is a bitter pill needed for the resilience and efficacy of our armed forces. Critically Analyze the statement with relevant arguments.","15","Answer in 250"]]},{"i":753,"t":"Shoham Teberiwal","c":"Nextias","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":77,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/93393beb2b7e996905ce7ea7f8b78443/80/air-77-shoham-teberiwal_test-8_gs4.pdf","q":[[5,"1. (a) \"The State took taxes from the people only to ensure their prosperity in return like the sun takes moisture from the earth only to give it back in thousandfold measure.\" Kalidasa.\n\nExplain the Indian concept of \"giving it back\" and its relevance as a guiding value for civil servants.","10","150"],[7,"(b) Public service takes place in a bureaucratic structure with clear lines of authority, value standardization, and accountability mechanisms. Working within such a structure, what do you think are the influences that impact the public servant's ethical decision-making?","10","150"],[9,"2. (a) What do you understand by the terms' ethics' and 'integrity'? Do you think they are interrelated? Explain with examples the relationship between ethics and integrity in the context of public administration.","10","150"],[11,"(b) What do you understand by the terms ethical behavior and emotionally intelligent behavior? Identify the relevant emotional intelligence components that act as a reliable guide to ethical behavior.","10","150"],[13,"3 (a) \"To achieve a good life, duty is not sufficient; one needs to develop one's sympathetic feelings for others, and neither duty alone nor good will alone are sufficient to be moral.\" Do you agree with the above statement? Justify your position.","10","150"],[15,"(b) Developing a Scientific temper, innovative mindset, and civic-conscious citizens are major objectives of higher educational institutions. Can higher educational institutions be instrumental in promoting integrity education among youth to establish a public culture of integrity and a corruption-free political culture? If yes, how?","10","150"],[17,"4. Explain the meaning of the following quotations and discuss their contemporary relevance.\n(a) The senses deceive from time to time, and it is prudent never to trust wholly those who have deceived us even once.","10","Answer in 150"],[19,"(b) \"The price good men pay for indifference to public affairs is to be ruled by evil men.\" (Answer in 150 words) 10 Marks","10","150"],[21,"(c) \"Men must have corrupted nature a little, for they were not born wolves, and they have become wolves.\" (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[23,"5. (a) As professionals, civil servants are career focused and are also self-interested. At the same time, their service ethos imposes an obligation to serve the public interest selflessly. Is it possible for a civil servant to reconcile career and service obligation? Explain your position.","10","150"],[25,"(b) \"While competence without compassion can be brutal and inhumane; similarly, compassion without competence can be meaningless for persons seeking help.\" Explain the above with the help of a suitable illustration in the context of public services.","10","150"],[27,"6. (a) Does the suffering of individuals in one part of the world generate moral demands of assistance on those foreigners who live far away from them? Are these moral demands of assistance justified? Can governments be held morally responsible for failing to help the international community in times of deprivation? Discuss.","10","150"],[29,"(b) Civil Services ethics has everything to do with management. It is as much a Departmental as a personal issue. Leaders who fail to create systems that facilitate ethical conduct are equally to blame as much as those who indulge in ethical misconduct. Do you think the Departmental culture leads to ethical misconduct or is the individual with weak willpower culpable? Discuss.","10","150"],[31,"7 (a) उपरोक्त मामले में कौन-कौन से मुद्दे शामिल हैं?\n(b) आश्वासन नेताओं को प्रभावशाली और प्रेरक के रूप में उपयोग करने के क्या फायदे और नुकसान हैं?\n(c) यदि आश्वासन नेता नहीं है, तो व्यवहार संबंधी बाधाओं को तोड़ने के लिए आपके पास अन्य विकल्प क्या हैं?\n(d) क्या आपको लगता है कि एक सिविल सेवक के लिए सरकारी योजनाओं को बढ़ावा देने में आश्वासन नेताओं को शामिल करना नैतिक रूप से सही है? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए) 20 अंक\n\n(a) What are the issues involved in the above case?\n(b) What are the advantages and disadvantages of using Faith leaders as influencers and persuaders?\na) उपरोक्त मामले में कौन-कौन से मुद्दे शामिल हैं?\nb) आश्वासन नेताओं को प्रभावशाली और प्रेरक के रूप में उपयोग करने के क्या फायदे और नुकसान हैं?\nc) यदि आश्वासन नेता नहीं है, तो व्यवहार संबंधी बाधाओं को तोड़ने के लिए आपके पास अन्य विकल्प क्या हैं?\nd) क्या आपको लगता है कि एक सिविल सेवक के लिए सरकारी योजनाओं को बढ़ावा देने में आश्वासन नेताओं को शामिल करना नैतिक रूप से सही है?\na) What are the issues involved in the above case?\nb) What are the advantages and disadvantages of using Faith leaders as influencers and persuaders?","20 अंक","250"],[32,"(d) Do you think it is ethically right for a civil servant to involve faith leaders in promoting government schemes?","20","Answer in 250"],[36,"(a) What are the issues involved in the above case?\n(b) What are the action options available to you?\na) What are the issues involved in the above case?\nb) What are the action options available to you?","",""],[41,"9 (a) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case? (50 words) 5 marks\n(b) Ethically analyze the company's position on paying damages and justify why/ why not the company should be liable for damages. (120 words) 10 marks.\n(c) What do you understand by the term moral responsibility? When do you think a person or an entity becomes morally responsible for actions committed or omitted? (80 words) 5 marks\na) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case? (50 words) 5 marks\nb) Ethically analyze the company's position on paying damages and justify why/ why not the company should be liable for damages. (120 words) 10 marks.\nc) What do you understand by the term moral responsibility? When do you think a person or an entity becomes morally responsible for actions committed or omitted? (80 words) 5 marks","",""],[46,"(a) उपरोक्‍त मामले में कौन से नैतिक मुद्दे और दुविधाएं शामिल हैं?\n(b) आपके पास कौन से विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\n(c) विकल्पों का विश्लेषण करने के बाद अपनी चुनी हुई कार्रवाई का चयन करें।\n(d) उपरोक्‍त मामले में आपकी नैतिक प्रेरणा क्या होनी चाहिए? क्या यह कर्तव्य, दायित्व या परिणाम होना चाहिए?\na) उपरोक्‍त मामले में कौन से नैतिक मुद्दे और दुविधाएं शामिल हैं?\nb) आपके पास कौन से विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\nc) विकल्पों का विश्लेषण करने के बाद अपनी चुनी हुई कार्रवाई का चयन करें।\nd) उपरोक्‍त मामले में आपकी नैतिक प्रेरणा क्या होनी चाहिए? क्या यह कर्तव्य, दायित्व या परिणाम होना चाहिए?","20 अंक","250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए"],[47,"You were in a bind as you knew a search operation would tarnish Ajay's reputation and be traumatic for the family.\n(a) What are the ethical issues and dilemmas involved in the above case?\n(b) What are the options available to you?\n(c) Select your chosen course of action after analyzing the options.\n(d) What must be your moral motivation in the above case? Should it be duty, care, or consequences?\na) What are the ethical issues and dilemmas involved in the above case?\nb) What are the options available to you?\nc) Select your chosen course of action after analyzing the options.\nd) What must be your moral motivation in the above case? Should it be duty, care, or consequences?","20","Answer in 250"],[51,"11 (a) उपरोक्त मामले में कौन से नैतिक मुद्दे शामिल हैं?\n(b) आपके अनुसार उपरोक्त मामले में सिद्धांत-अनुसूय और नियम-पालन करने वाले पुलिस कर्मियों को क्या करना चाहिए और क्यों? तर्क दीजिए।\n(c) आपके अनुसार सिविल सेवा में किसे प्राथमिकता दी जानी चाहिए, विभाग के प्रति निष्ठा, या अपने निर्णयों और सेवा मूल्यों में निष्पक्ष और गैर-पक्षपातपूर्ण होना? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)\na) उपरोक्त मामले में कौन से नैतिक मुद्दे शामिल हैं?\nb) आपके अनुसार उपरोक्त मामले में सिद्धांत-अनुसूय और नियम-पालन करने वाले पुलिस कर्मियों को क्या करना चाहिए और क्यों? तर्क दीजिए।\nc) आपके अनुसार सिविल सेवा में किसे प्राथमिकता दी जानी चाहिए, विभाग के प्रति निष्ठा, या अपने निर्णयों और सेवा मूल्यों में निष्पक्ष और गैर-पक्षपातपूर्ण होना?","20 अंक","250 शब्दों में"],[52,"(a) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\n(b) What do you think principle-oriented and rule-abiding police personnel must do in the above case? Why? Justify\n(c) What do you think must assume priority in civil service, loyalty to the department, or being impartial and non-partisan in your decisions and service values?\na) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\nb) What do you think principle-oriented and rule-abiding police personnel must do in the above case? Why? Justify\nc) What do you think must assume priority in civil service, loyalty to the department, or being impartial and non-partisan in your decisions and service values?","20","Answer in 250"],[56,"12 (a) उपरोक्त मामले में कौन-कौन से मुद्दे शामिल हैं ?\n(b) क्या आप प्रवासी भारतीयों की मदद के बजाय अर्थनीति को प्राथमिकता देने के राजदूत के रुख से सहमत हैं? अगर हाँ तो क्यों, अगर नहीं तो क्यों नहीं ?\n(c) दायित्व, परिणामवाद और कर्तव्य के बीच, आपके अनुसार भारतीय विदेश नीति का मार्गदर्शन करने के लिए उपयुक्त परिप्रेक्ष्य क्या है? तर्क दीजिए। (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए) 20 अंक\na) उपरोक्त मामले में कौन-कौन से मुद्दे शामिल हैं ?\nb) क्या आप प्रवासी भारतीयों की मदद के बजाय अर्थनीति को प्राथमिकता देने के राजदूत के रुख से सहमत हैं? अगर हाँ तो क्यों, अगर नहीं तो क्यों नहीं ?\nc) दायित्व, परिणामवाद और कर्तव्य के बीच, आपके अनुसार भारतीय विदेश नीति का मार्गदर्शन करने के लिए उपयुक्त परिप्रेक्ष्य क्या है? तर्क दीजिए। (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए) 20 अंक","20 अंक","250 शब्दों में"],[57,"(a) What are the issues involved in the above case?\n(b) Do you agree with the Ambassador's position of prioritizing economics over helping the diaspora? Why/why not?\n(c) Among Care, Consequentialism, and Duty, what do you think is the appropriate perspective to guide Indian Foreign policy? Justify.\na) What are the issues involved in the above case?\nb) Do you agree with the Ambassador's position of prioritizing economics over helping the diaspora? Why/why not?\nc) Among Care, Consequentialism, and Duty, what do you think is the appropriate perspective to guide Indian Foreign policy? Justify.","20","Answer in 250"]]},{"i":760,"t":"Shreya","c":"Forumias","p":"GS3","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/PRIYADARSHI-SHREYA-DILIPKUMARUPSC_IAS_2025_Toppers_AIR_387_Sample_MGP_1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) The Union Budget 2025-26 outlines a shift towards the 'debt-to-GDP ratio' as the fiscal anchor starting from FY 2026-27. Discuss the rationale behind this shift.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Why does India need to transition from a 'build to print' to a 'build to design' model in manufacturing? What steps has been taken by the government in this regard?","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) Explain the concept of a nutrition-sensitive food system and suggest strategies to achieve it in the country.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) Give a brief overview of the 'Digital Agriculture Mission'. How can it benefit the agriculture sector?","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) Rare earths are not just elements; they are foundational inputs that act like ‘seeds of technology’. Elaborate.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) Why retrofitting Electrostatic Precipitators (ESPs) in Indian thermal power plants is a more viable and effective option compared to the installation of flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems?","10","150"],[15,"Q.7 'The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) regime in India remains weak and is often reduced to a procedural formality. In light of this statement, examine the key challenges in EIA implementation and suggest reforms.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) Plastic pollution is emerging as a serious environmental threat in India. Discuss the various mitigation measures to address this problem and also the government's initiatives in this regard.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9) Amid evolving threats, there is a need to blend private sector capabilities with India's current internal security architecture. In this context, elaborate on the ways in which the private sector can contribute to strengthening internal security.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10 'Radicalisation in Jammu and Kashmir is driven as much by socio-economic factors as by external influences.' Discuss how education and youth engagement can play a role in countering radicalisation in J&K.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11) Outlining the key characteristics of the care economy, discuss how India can better integrate the value of unpaid and underpaid care work into its economic framework.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12 ‘The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) presents both unprecedented opportunities and significant challenges for India’s labour market.’ Examine. Also suggest strategies to align AI adoption with inclusive and resilient labour market outcomes.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13) Why does India's agricultural export performance remain weak despite high production levels? What measures would you suggest to improve agri-export competitiveness?","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 \"The agricultural subsidy regime in the country needs reforms to address the distortions it causes.\" Comment.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 How can biomanufacturing transform today's consumptive manufacturing paradigm to the one based on regenerative principles? Also discuss how BioE3 Policy (Biotechnology for Economy, Environment, and Employment) aims to foster biomanufacturing in the country.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16) The future of digital innovation depends on self-reliant, domain-specific AI capabilities. In this context, bring out the key considerations in developing indigenous AI models and tools. Suggest measures to build an enabling ecosystem for AI innovation in India. What initiatives have been taken by the government in this regard?","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 Marine oil spills are a form of environmental disaster, with far-reaching consequences for biodiversity and coastal livelihoods; however, India's preparedness to prevent such incidents and mitigate their impact has significant gaps. Analyze.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 'The United Nations has declared 2025 as the International Year of Glacier Preservation.' Bring out the ecological and socio-economic significance of glaciers. What are the key challenges in preserving them? What measures have been taken at national and international levels towards preservation of glaciers?","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 What are the determinants of insurgency in the north-eastern region of India? What strategy should the Government of India, civil administration and security forces adopt to counter the threat in the affected areas?","15","250"],[50,"Q.20) Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have become an integral aspect of modern conflict and warfare, employed by both state and non-state actors. Discuss its implications for India's security architecture and state the measures being taken to address them. Also suggest other steps to tackle the threats emanating from UAVs.","15","250"],[54,"When must you seek mentorship?","",""]]},{"i":761,"t":"Shreya","c":"Forumias","p":"GS3","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/PRIYADARSHI-SHREYA-DILIPKUMARUPSC_IAS_2025_Toppers_AIR_387_Sample_MGP_2.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) Explain the significance of the recent changes made to the Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) with respect to labour market data estimation in the country.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Discuss the implications of the rising trend of protectionism and tariff wars in global trade for India's macroeconomic stability.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) \"Genome-edited crops have the potential to strengthen food and nutritional security in the country.\" Examine.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) Assess the role of Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY) in expanding irrigation coverage and improving on-farm water use efficiency.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) Starlink, a satellite internet service provider, has recently been granted a license to operate in India. What is satellite internet? How does it work? What are its advantages and limitations?","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) What is a Geographical Indication (GI)? What are the legal frameworks governing it? How does it differ from a trademark? How can GI infringement be tackled?","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) What are the salient features of Mission Mausam launched by the Government of India? Why is such a mission needed? What are the likely challenges in its effective implementation?","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) Highlight the key provisions of the Disaster Management (Amendment) Act, 2025. How would the amendment help strengthen the disaster management framework in the country?","10","150"],[19,"Q.9) 'Operation Sindoor' signals a strategic evolution in India's approach to cross-border terrorism. Analyze.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10 'Cyberspace has emerged as a distinct domain of warfare, posing serious threats to national security.' Discuss this statement and suggest counter-measures.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11) What are the key objectives of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC), 2016? To what extent has it been successful in achieving them?","15","250"],[26,"Q.12) Despite phenomenal growth in recent years, India's startup ecosystem lags in innovation across strategic sectors. Identify the factors responsible for this inadequate focus on deep-tech and suggest strategies to bridge this gap.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13) What is floriculture? How is it helpful in enhancing farm income and boosting agri-exports?","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 \"Women play a crucial role in Indian agriculture, yet continue to face systemic exclusion.\" Discuss with reference to land ownership, access to credit, and agri-extension services. What initiatives has the government taken in this regard?","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 Launched on 25th June 2025, the Axiom-4 (Ax-04) mission has been much in the news since then. What are the key features of the mission? What significance does it hold for the Gaganyaan project and India's long-term space ambitions?","15","250"],[38,"Q.16) Energy storage technology is one of the major components of renewable energy integration and decarbonization of world energy systems. Briefly discuss any three such technologies, citing their key merits and demerits.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 Global Pandemic Agreement (2025) recognizes the 'One Health' approach as critical to pandemic prevention, preparedness, and response. Highlight the key features of the agreement, and elaborate on how the One Health approach can help in preventing future pandemics. What steps are needed to integrate this approach into India's environmental and health governance?","15","250"],[44,"Q.18) The frequency and intensity of heatwaves, particularly in urban centres, have increased in recent years. Describe the various causes and effects of heatwaves. What policies and frameworks have been adopted in India towards extreme heat risk management?","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 Discuss how emerging technologies and globalization contribute to terror financing. Elaborate measures to tackle the menace of terror financing both at national and international levels.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20) Explain the key components of the National Policy and Action Plan (2015) that have contributed to the significant decline of Left-Wing Extremism (LWE). What additional steps would you suggest to eliminate LWE in the near future?","15","250"]]},{"i":762,"t":"Shreya","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/PRIYADARSHI-SHREYA-DILIPKUMARUPSC_IAS_2025_Toppers_AIR_387_Sample_MGP_3.pdf","q":[[2,"Q.1) a) 'Unconscious biases in parenting continue to shape gendered experiences in India.' Do you agree with this view? Discuss.","10","150"],[4,"b) Distinguish between empathy and compassion. Why are they considered as foundational values in public services?","10","150"],[6,"Q.2) a) The current society is witnessing rising levels of intolerance. What are the consequences of this situation for personal well-being and for societal well-being? What can one do at the personal level to become tolerant?","10","150"],[8,"b) What are the main components of emotional intelligence and how does it help an individual in taking ethical decisions?","10","150"],[10,"Q.3) Given below are the three quotations of great thinkers. What do each of these quotations convey to you in the present context?\na) \"This life is short, the vanities of the world are transient, but they alone live who live for others, the rest are more dead than alive.\" - Swami Vivekanand","10","150"],[12,"b) \"If you cry because the sun has gone out of your life your tears will prevent you from seeing the stars.\" - Rabindranath Tagore","10","150"],[14,"c) \"Two ways of building character - cultivating strength to challenge oppression, and tolerate the resultant hardships that give rise to courage and awareness.\" - Sardar Patel","10","150"],[16,"Q.4) a) \"With great power comes great responsibility.\" In the present context, 'Big Tech' headquartered in developed countries wield disproportionate influence over digital infrastructure, personal data, and global narratives — often prioritising profit over ethical considerations. What ethical principles should guide such corporations in building a fair, inclusive, and just global digital framework?","10","150"],[18,"b) What do you understand by the term 'crisis of conscience'? Describe an incident from your life where you experienced such a crisis. How did you deal with it?","10","10"],[20,"Q.5) a) \"A politics of confession that encourages politicians and parties to confess and offer regret for their errors can surely be a cathartic experience.\" Examine the statement from the ethical point of view.","10","150"],[21,"b) What are the key objectives of the Right to Information Act, 2005? Examine the ethical concerns associated with certain provisions of the Digital Personal Data Protection Act in realizing the objectives of the RTI Act.","10","150"],[23,"Q.6) a) Public spaces serve as arenas of democratic participation and civic expression. Yet in India, they remain deeply gendered, with many women largely confined to the private and domestic sphere. Examine the factors that restrict women's access to public spaces. How can ethical governance help address the issue of gendered spatial control and promote inclusivity in public spaces?","10","150"],[25,"b) Write short notes on the following in 30 words each:\ni) Ethical fading\nii) Conflict of interest\niii) Persuasion\niv) Work culture\nv) Corporate governance","10 marks, 150","30 words each"],[27,"Q.7 A State Government in the northeastern part of the country has launched a series of anti-encroachment drives across forest areas, wetlands, and revenue lands. Under the directions of the Chief Minister, the administration has intensified efforts to reclaim public land, particularly in areas reserved for ecological protection and critical infrastructure development. Most of the time, these actions have been backed by court orders and have resulted in the recovery of thousands of hectares of land. However, in certain regions, the implementation of such drives is fraught with social and political complexities. In several districts, settlements have existed for decades and are inhabited by marginalised communities with limited access to legal rights or formal rehabilitation measures. These areas are often politically sensitive and influenced by local leaders and pressure groups. Simanta is posted as Additional Deputy Commissioner (ADC) in one such district. Over the past year, the district administration has attempted to align eviction measures with welfare outreach, including the provision of temporary shelters, relocation assistance and public consultations. Recently, a major operation was scheduled to clear encroachments from over 140 hectares of forest land within a Reserved Forest, primarily to curb rising instances of human-elephant conflict and to restore ecological balance. Anticipating eviction, some residents approached the High Court seeking a stay. However, the court refused to grant it and directed the administration to proceed with the eviction following due process. Notices were served, and a detailed roadmap was prepared to carry out the operation, which was expected to last 2-3 days due to the scale and remote location. On the first day, Simanta led a team comprising forest officials, municipal workers, and police personnel. Demolitions were conducted peacefully and without major resistance. However, on the second day, when the team returned to the site, a large group of agitated residents - primarily women and children - had gathered. They raised slogans and formed human chains to prevent further evictions. The atmosphere grew tense when some individuals began throwing stones, resulting in serious injury to a municipal worker. The crowd grew increasingly volatile and emotionally charged, demanding an immediate halt to the operation. The police contingent present on the ground was outnumbered by the crowd. Faced with this crisis, some team members pleaded with Simanta to call off the operation, fearing threats to their life and the possibility of a violent escalation. Simanta attempted to contact his superior officer (the Deputy Commissioner), but due to poor mobile connectivity in the forested area, communication could not be established. Meanwhile, several local journalists had arrived and begun reporting on the incident. Simanta is in a dilemma as to what to do.\na. Evaluate the options available with Simanta to cope with the situation.\nb. Which of the above options would be the most appropriate for Simanta and why?\nc. What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by Simanta?\nd. Examine the qualities of a public servant which will be required to manage such situations.","20","20"],[28,"a. स्थिति से निपटने के लिए सिमंता के पास उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन करें।\nb. सिमंता के लिए सबसे उपयुक्त होगा और क्यों?\nc. सिमंता को किन नैतिक दुविधाओं का सामना करना पड़ रहा है?\nd. ऐसी परिस्थितियों का प्रबंधन करने के लिए एक लोक सेवक के गुणों का परीक्षण करें।\na स्थिति से निपटने के लिए सिमंता के पास उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन करें।\nb सिमंता के लिए सबसे उपयुक्त होगा और क्यों?\nc सिमंता को किन नैतिक दुविधाओं का सामना करना पड़ रहा है?\nd ऐसी परिस्थितियों का प्रबंधन करने के लिए एक लोक सेवक के गुणों का परीक्षण करें।","20 अंक","250 शब्द"],[32,"Q.8 Megha is a first-year sociology student at a reputed college in the national capital. She is originally from Tadchiroli, a tribal village in a western Indian state. Megha's family migrated to the city when she was seven years old and had not visited their village since. Though Megha has fond memories of her childhood there, she never deeply understood the customs and traditions of the region. One day, Megha expresses her wish to visit Tadchiroli. Her father agrees and asks her to inform Ratan, her paternal uncle, who still lives in the village with his family. Megha informs Ratan and travels to the village during a semester break. Upon arrival, she receives a warm welcome from Ratan and his family. Later, Ratan invites her to attend a local festival. During the event, Megha notices that her cousin Rinki is missing. Curious, she asks Ratan's wife Ratna why Rinki is not at the festival. Ratna explains that Rinki is on her period, and as per tradition, menstruating girls must stay separately in small huts built specifically for the purpose. Locally known as 'kurma ghars', they are generally located on the periphery of the village, near a river or pond. She further adds that these girls are not allowed to enter the main house or participate in any social or religious activities. Megha is taken aback. She asks whether all women follow this practice. Ratna nods and says it has been the custom for generations. Even schoolgirls stay in these huts and miss classes during their periods. Ratna admits that many in the village, including herself, never questioned the practice. The explanation unsettles Megha. She finds it hard to believe that a natural biological function leads to such exclusion. Before returning to the city, Megha observes that even educated family members seem to accept and follow these customs. The experience leaves a deep impact on her. She starts reading more about menstrual taboos and their impact on women's health, dignity, and education. As a sociology student, she recognises how such traditions are linked to patriarchy and social stigma. She begins to reflect on what she can do at her level to improve the current situation, without alienating the community or disrespecting its traditions.\na. Suggest a course of action Megha can take to sensitize her village community without appearing disrespectful or confrontational.\nb. What ethical principles and methods should guide her actions while engaging with the community?\nc. How is menstruation related to human rights?","20","250"],[33,"a. मेघा द्वारा अपने गांव के समुदाय को असम्मानजनक या टकरावपूर्ण व्यवहार किए बिना संवेदनशील बनाने के लिए अपनाई जाने वाली कार्यवाही का सुझाव दीजिए।\nb. समुदाय के साथ जुड़े समय उसके कार्यों को किन नैतिक सिद्धांतों और तरीकों से निर्देशित किया जाना चाहिए?\nc. मासिक धर्म मानव अधिकारों से किस प्रकार संबंधित है? (20 अंक, 250 शब्द)","20","250"],[37,"8 Can you think of a rational way to resolve this dilemma?\nb Give your reasons for it.\nc What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?","20","250"],[42,"Q.10) You are working as an Assistant Section Officer in the District Development and Panchayat Office. One day, one of your close colleagues approaches you in deep distress. She tells you that her father is suffering from a severe liver condition, and the doctors have clearly stated that he must undergo liver transplant immediately in order to survive. She shares that she has no health insurance, and the surgery would cost around Rs 15 lakh. You are aware that her husband passed away a few years ago, and that she also has a four-year-old son with special needs. Just a few weeks ago, she also lost all her savings in a digital arrest scam. As a widow from a lower middle-class family, her options are extremely limited. Although you feel deeply empathetic, you are unable to offer financial assistance, as you do not have the resources to help. A few weeks later, you enquire about her father's health. She informs you that the liver transplant surgery was successful and that her father is now recovering steadily. Relieved, you ask how she managed to arrange the funds. Hesitantly, she confides that the District Development and Panchayat Officer (DDPO) helped her. Moved by her situation, the DDPO facilitated the release of Rs 15 lakh from the fund allocated to a rural sanitation scheme. The implementation of this scheme had been put on hold for a year due to technical issues and pending site approvals. She explains that the amount was provided on the assurance of strict confidentiality and with a commitment to repay it at the earliest. She expresses deep gratitude for the DDPO's timely help, which she believes saved her father's life. She has already begun repaying the money and will continue to do so until it is all returned.\na. Discuss the ethical issues involved in the case.\nb. Examine the behavior of DPDO from an ethical point of view.\nc. How would you react to the situation?","20","20"],[47,"Q.11 Nithin is the head of the Marketing Department at Pehnava Clothings Ltd., a reputed apparel manufacturing company with a strong global presence. Known for its professionalism and consistent performance, the company had earned a credible name in both domestic and international markets. However, the firm was going through difficult times. For three consecutive quarters, it had witnessed a steep decline in sales. This trend had raised serious concerns among the top management regarding the company's competitiveness, profitability, and long-term stability. To address the situation, the leadership decided to restructure the marketing division and bring in dynamic leadership. A senior marketing executive, Mr. A, was hired after a rigorous selection process. He had an impressive career record and was known for turning around sales performance in other firms and building strong brand identities. With high expectations placed upon him, Mr. A was seen as the key figure to steer the company out of crisis. Mr. A soon began delivering results. Within a year, the company's revenue had almost doubled, and its brand visibility had increased significantly. His bold marketing strategies, proactive outreach, and innovative campaigns received appreciation from various quarters within the company. His performance drew the attention of the top management. There were deliberations about assigning him a larger role within the company, with a focus on long-term business strategy. He was also being considered for an internal award for 'Excellence in Leadership and Innovation'. However, alongside professional success of Mr. A, Nithin began receiving troubling feedback about his conduct in the workplace. Informal reports indicated that he frequently made inappropriate comments about women. In addition, he regularly sent indecent messages via social media apps to all team members, including his female colleagues. Although no formal complaint was lodged initially, Nithin could sense tension within the team, and signs of discomfort were becoming increasingly apparent. Some employees even started avoiding direct interaction with Mr. A. Team morale and interpersonal trust were gradually eroding, but employees remained hesitant to speak openly. The matter escalated one evening when Mrs. X, one of Mr. A's team members approached Nithin. Visibly disturbed and emotionally shaken, she disclosed that Mr. A had repeatedly engaged in inappropriate behavior towards her. She added that Mr. A had been making undesirable advances towards her and had even tried to touch her inappropriately in his cabin. She urged Nithin to take appropriate action in the matter, or else she would have no option but to resign from her position.\na. Bring out the ethical issues involved in this case.\nb. What are the options available to Nithin?\nc. Critically examine each of the options identified by Nithin.\nd. Which of the options, do you think, would be more appropriate for Nithin to adopt and why?","20","20"],[48,"a. इस मामले में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों को स्पष्ट करें।\nb. नितिन के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\nc. नितिन द्वारा पहचाने गए प्रत्येक विकल्प का आलोचनात्मक परीक्षण करें।\nd. नितिन के लिए कौन सा विकल्प अपनाना अधिक उपयुक्त होगा और क्यों?\na इस मामले में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों को स्पष्ट करें।\nb नितिन के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\nc नितिन द्वारा पहचाने गए प्रत्येक विकल्प का आलोचनात्मक परीक्षण करें।\nd नितिन के लिए कौन सा विकल्प अपनाना अधिक उपयुक्त होगा और क्यों?","20 अंक","250 शब्द"],[53,"Q.12) You are appointed as an officer heading the Air Quality Compliance Division of the Environment Pollution Control Board in Delhi-NCR. The region is witnessing alarming levels of air pollution, which typically worsen during the winter months due to various meteorological and anthropogenic factors. The situation has led to severe public health concerns, particularly affecting vulnerable groups such as the elderly, children, and those with respiratory illnesses. The Supreme Court has also raised serious concern over the deteriorating air quality in Delhi-NCR and has directed the administration to take immediate and effective measures to control pollution, especially during the winter months. Your jurisdiction has a large number of small and medium-scale industries that were granted environmental clearance over the years. These industries form the backbone of the local economy and provide employment to a significant number of migrant workers. However, recent inspections and air quality monitoring reports indicate that a significant number of these units are operating in violation of prescribed air emission norms. As part of targeted measures to curb air pollution, you issued notices to all identified polluting units, directing them to apply for fresh environmental clearance certificates from the competent authority. However, your decision triggered strong opposition from a section of industrial units, labour unions, and local politicians. Industrial owners argued that such action would lead to production shutdowns, financial losses, and shortages of their products in the market. Labour unions and workers also protested, fearing mass unemployment and livelihood insecurity. Local politicians and vested interests accused you of jeopardising the socio-economic stability of the region. You received representations from various quarters urging you to withdraw the notices and not initiate harsh measures, citing the interests of multiple stakeholders. Additionally, you began receiving anonymous threats, aimed at coercing you into reversing your decision. On the other hand, several of your colleagues supported your stance, encouraging you to act in the larger public interest. Several local NGOs and environmental groups rallied behind your actions, demanding the immediate closure of polluting units.\na. Under the given conditions, what are the options available to you?\nb. Critically evaluate each of the options listed by you.\nc. What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by you?","20","250"]]},{"i":763,"t":"Shreya Priyadarshi","c":"Forumias","p":"Essay","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/PRIYADARSHI-SHREYA-DILIPKUMARUPSC_IAS_2025_Toppers_AIR_387_Sample_ESSAY_1.pdf","q":[[3,"1. The glass ceiling is not invisible, it is just too high for many to see.\n2. Social justice is not charity, it is structural rebalancing.\n3. A nation's greatness is measured by how it treats its weakest members, and that includes its children.\n4. When we speak of 'Inclusive India', we must ask: Inclusive for whom?","",""]]},{"i":764,"t":"Shreya Tyagi","c":"Forumias","p":"GS1","y":2024,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/SHREYA-TYAGI-UPSC-2024-Rank-31-MGP-Sample-Copy-2.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) How does the study of numismatics contribute to the unraveling of India's history? Explain with suitable examples.","10","150"],[4,"Q.8 Even after seven decades of independence, the colonial mindset continues to cast its shadow on Indian society. Examine.","10","150"],[5,"Q.16 Although poor air quality is a perennial problem, it gets intensified during the winter months in Delhi-NCR. Explain. Evaluate the efficacy of existing measures to control air pollution.","15","250"],[44,"17) At the recent COP-28 summit various countries have taken the pledge to phase out coal. India is not one of them.\n Reasons for India's reliance","",""]]},{"i":765,"t":"Shreya Tyagi","c":"Nextias","p":"GS2","y":2024,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/4/Shreya-Tyagi-gs-mains-advanced-course-2024-test-4-1745411352524.pdf","q":[[39,"1. What are the issues involved in the above case?\n2. Is it ethically justified to be devoted to duty at the cost of the personal safety of the staff? Discuss.\n3. How will you go about doing your election duties without compromising the safety of your staff? Explain.","20","250"],[44,"Case Study 4 Do you think the above case involves a conflict of interest or there are more issues? Explain\n2. Keeping the above case in perspective, discuss the relevance of impartiality and non-partisanship as professional value.\n3. In hindsight, how do you think you could have avoided the above unpleasant situation.","20","250"],[47,"3) How could this situation be avoided?\na) Probity requires the highest levels of integrity\nb) Integrity would see honesty in action, speech & thought\nc) The situation should have not only be analysed after the action but before as well.","",""],[49,"1. Discuss the administrative and ethical issues involved in the above case.\n2. Do you think it was morally right on your part to write to the minister? Justify\n3. How will you respond to the action initiated against you? Discuss the available options and justify your selected course of action.","20","250"],[54,"Case Study 6 You are an IAS officer recently appointed as the Deputy Secretary in the Ministry of Rural Development. Your responsibilities include overseeing the implementation of various rural development schemes and ensuring their efficient execution.\n\nDuring an audit of the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) funds, you discover substantial irregularities. It appears that a significant portion of the funds allocated for rural employment projects has been siphoned off by senior officials within the ministry through fraudulent invoices and fake beneficiary lists. The funds meant for the rural poor have been diverted to personal accounts.\n\nYou are faced with an ethical dilemma. Reporting this corruption could lead to severe repercussions for you as the implicated senior officials are politically influential and have strong connections. You have also received subtle threats implying that your career progression could be jeopardised if you proceed with the disclosure. On the other hand, ignoring the corruption would mean perpetuating a cycle of exploitation and depriving the rural poor of their rightful benefits.\n1 What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\n2 What are the options available to you?\n3 Identify and explain your chosen course of action after evaluating the merits and demerits of each option.","20","250"]]},{"i":1035,"t":"Shruti Rajlakshmi","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_lfocikJbP7uS31kTSBw3N5Bfcl7C60l/view","q":[[3,"1. (a) Persuasion plays an important role in public administration. Discuss. Also highlight the various elements of effective persuasion.","10","150"],[5,"1. (b) \"Never do anything against the conscience even if the state demands it.\" In this context, discuss the role of conscience in taking ethical decisions in administration.","10","150"],[7,"2. (a) Raja Ram Mohan Roy's liberal views on social and religious issues have much relevance in present day India. Discuss.","10","150"],[9,"2. (b) The moral circle of humanity has been expanding constantly over time. Discuss in this context whether non-human entities should have the same rights as humans beings.","10","150"],[11,"3. What do each of the following quotations mean to you?\n(a) \"Each individual is capable of transforming his immediate environment by attempting a radical transformation inside him\". – J Krishnamurti","10","150"],[13,"3. (b) \"True compassion means not only feeling another's pain but also being moved to help relieve it\". - Daniel Goleman","10","150"],[15,"4. (a) An important requisite for ensuring probity in governance is absence of corruption. Analyse.","10","150"],[17,"4. (b) The right to information (RTI) and the right to privacy (RTP) complement each other in holding the government accountable to the people, however, in cases of conflict, they can be reconciled keeping public interest in mind. Discuss.","10","150"],[19,"5. (a) Explain the ethical issues involved in spending government funds for advertisement campaigns and publicity.","10","150"],[21,"5. (b) Explaining the concept of political neutrality, discuss its significance in administration. Also, highlight how the Central Civil Services (Conduct) Rules seek to ensure political neutrality in the civil services.","10","150"],[23,"6. (a) In light of the recurring issues, there is a constant need to search for better ethical frameworks and models of corporate governance. Discuss with adequate examples and evidence in support of your arguments.","10","150"],[25,"6. (b) Gender inequality begins at home and then gets institutionalised at the societal level. Discuss.","10","150"],[27,"6. (c) Stakeholder Capitalism is suggested as a way forward in wake of social, economic and environment challenges posed by Shareholder Capitalism. Examine the relevant arguments in this debate.","10","150"],[29,"7. Mr. X is a renowned Architect. He receives a contract of Rs. 500 crores to design and lead a building project that would not only be an architectural landmark but also involves engineering challenges the solutions for which would change the industry. The building would house the headquarters of a successful company Fictitious Corp. Its chairman, Mr. Y is renowned for his acumen as well as temper. After spending time on the drawing board, Mr. X comes up with an innovative design which in itself is a masterpiece. His office had to lay out the plan and then coordinate with the engineering firms to execute it to perfection. The building is constructed in record time and is praised for its ingenuity and the experts also look at it as an engineering milestone.\n\nAfter six months of its construction, Ms. Z, a doctoral student of mathematics, visits the building for her work on structural engineering calculations. She has immense respect for Mr. X's work. However, she finds that her calculations do not satisfy the requirements of structural integrity for which the building has been widely hailed. She realizes that the building's structure has a deficiency based on the bolted beams used for structural support; this was inadequate if the impact of vertical winds on the building is taken into account. It not only created a threat for the building and its occupants but also the buildings and people nearby.","","around 250"],[30,"(a) Identify the most pressing issues? Which ones would you address on priority?\n(b) What would be your advice to Mr. X and Mr. Y.? Also, sufficiently clarify the reasons for such an advice.\na) Identify the most pressing issues? Which ones would you address on priority?\nb) What would be your advice to Mr. X and Mr. Y.? Also, sufficiently clarify the reasons for such an advice.","20",""],[31,"(a) इस प्रकरण में सम्मिलित सर्वाधिक अहम मुद्दों की पहचान कीजिए? आप प्राथमिकता के आधार पर किसे संबोधित करेंगे?\n(b) श्री X और श्री Y को आपकी क्या सलाह होगी? साथ ही, प्रयास रूप से इस तरह की सलाह के कारणों को स्पष्ट कीजिए।","",""],[36,"8. In a recent survey around social and economic indicators, a certain state in the country was found grossly underperforming. The state is marred with the issues of poverty, hunger, social backwardness, lawlessness and underdevelopment. In about seven decades since gaining independence, this state has continued to perform poorly across various indices. In the past, the Chief Minister had set up a fact finding Committee to report on the chief causes of the backwardness of the State. After years of ground research and surveying, it was found that the one of the main causes of the state's backwardness was its huge population that amplified resource scarcity to unimaginable proportions. Taking a clue from the facts presented in the report, the State Cabinet constitutes a panel of policy makers to consider this question of growing population and suggest suitable revisions to the State's Population Policy. The Panel recommends legislating a Population Control Bill that has a contentious provision in the form of 'One Child' norm. You are the Chief of this Panel and the recommendations of the Panel require your approval to be tabled in the Chief Minister's Office.\nIn this context, answer the following questions:\n(a) What are the ethical issues related to population control of a compulsory nature that you would consider before approving or rejecting the recommendation?\n(b) What would be your course of action in the aforementioned case? Suggest reasons for the same.","20",""],[41,"9 You are working as a Divisional Forest Officer in an area which is home to tigers. Recently, there have been reports of a tiger venturing into agricultural fields and also killing livestock of villagers. Unfortunately, 2-3 villagers have been killed by some wild animals in last few weeks. Villagers claim that the tiger has killed their fellow villagers and request you to protect their lives and property by either relocating or killing the man-eater tiger. They also obstructed investigation of forest officials to ascertain whether it was the work of tiger or some other animals. Your attempts to trap the tiger have not been successful. Concerned over the delay in killing or relocating the tiger, villagers hire a private hunter to kill the tiger on their own and argue that they have a right to defend themselves and their property. In this context, answer the following questions:\n(a) Identify the issues involved in this scenario.\n(b) What steps would you take as the Divisional Forest Officer to ensure villagers' safety along with protection of tigers?","20",""],[46,"10. You are a District Magistrate of an area which has seen a huge surge in COVID-19 cases during the second wave of pandemic in India. The health infrastructure is already overburdened. Hospitals are overwhelmed, crematoriums and burial sites are regularly running out of space, and covid testing is struggling to meet the demand. Also, the vaccination drive is at the risk of going off-track due to the demand-supply mismatch. During this difficult time, you come to know that there are some people who are engaging in black marketing, hoarding and profiteering by using every trick in the book to cheat, ransom and swindle Covid-19 patients and their kin in the name of scarcity of drugs, oxygen and hospital beds.\n\nBlack marketing, hoarding and profiteering are a classic case of market failure, which highlights the significance of state intervention in a crisis situation. How can state effectively play the role of a regulator as well as service provider in such cases of market failure?","20",""],[47,"How can state be a regulator and service provider in such cases?","",""],[51,"11. You work as a marketing consultant for a multinational company that specializes in various products including nutrient supplements, diet pills etc. The company pays its employees extremely well and provides satisfactory fringe benefits. Your manager has hinted that he will recommend you for overseas company transfer, which will improve your job profile. This has motivated you to work harder and perform better.\n\nThe company has to advertise and sell a new weight loss pill 'X'. As per in-company research, it has minimal or no side effects and has no adverse impacts on health, which is its unique selling point (USP). You are given the responsibility of heading the marketing team for advertising pill 'X'. Due to a well-crafted marketing strategy including endorsement by a renowned celebrity, the product has generated considerable public attention. However, while working on an advertisement campaign for the pill, you find out that the in-company research findings of pill 'X' are fabricated. While it indeed has no side-effects, there are no proven benefits of taking the pill as well. It merely acts as a placebo.\n\nWhen you bring up the issue with your manager, he promptly tells you to keep the facts to yourself. He also indirectly brings up the fact that your performance review date is approaching and hints that you will get transferred overseas if you prove your loyalty to the company.\n\nBased on the given information, address the following:\n(a) Identify the stakeholders in this situation.\n(b) State the ethical issues that arise in this case.\n(c) Discuss your options in this scenario and mention your next step.","20",""],[56,"12. The COVID-19 pandemic has forced universities, schools and other educational institutions around the world to shut down their campuses indefinitely and move their educational activities onto online platforms. These institutions were not prepared for such a transition and their online teaching-learning process evolved gradually. Though students considered online learning advantageous because of flexibility and convenience, there have been reports that the students prefer learning in physical classrooms to online education. The students feel that online education is stressful and affects their health and social life. Moreover, not all students have equal access to, and expertise on, digital technologies. Although these inequalities existed earlier, the COVID-19 pandemic has exposed this digital divide. Considering yourself as the Chairman of a Committee, constituted by the government, to suggest measures to improve the quality and accessibility of online education, answer the following questions:\n(a) What are the key ethical issues at stake here?\n(b) Highlight the principles and values that will guide your recommendations to the government.\n(c) Suggest measures to improve the quality and accessibility of online education in the country.","20",""]]},{"i":1036,"t":"Shruti Rajlakshmi","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1fU3LHFpvZTJpU3wyVbHYNW_kZhtb6iBW/view","q":[[3,"1. (a) An ethical action is rooted in the temporal and spatial dimensions of societies. Discuss with adequate examples.","10","150"],[5,"1. (b) Unstable marriages and families can lead to failures of moral development in children and overall moral decline in the society. Discuss.","10","150"],[7,"2. (a) An ethical work culture is a prerequisite for sustainable growth of an organization. Discuss and suggest some measures to build an ethical work culture in an organization.","10","150"],[9,"2. (b) Crises, humanitarian or economic, often create the perfect storm for corruption to thrive. Discuss with examples. What measures can be taken to mitigate corruption during a crisis?","10","150"],[11,"3. (a) Discuss the various ethical concerns associated with vaccine passport for international travel. Also, suggest the measures that can be taken to deal with these concerns.","10","150"],[13,"3. (b) The edifice of good corporate governance is dependent on the efficacy and effectiveness of independent directors. Discuss.","10","150"],[15,"4. What do each of the following quotations mean to you?\n(a) \"Enlightenment is man's emergence from his self-incurred immaturity.\" - Immanuel Kant","10","150"],[17,"4. (b) 'Knowledge gives us power, love gives us fullness.' - Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan","10","150"],[19,"5. (a) The issue of marital rape is often ignored due to the belief that marriage is a sacred institution. In this context, discuss whether marital rape should be criminalised.","10","150"],[21,"5. (b) Students should be taught the importance of \"doing what's right\" at a young age. Discuss how the New Education Policy seeks to impart value based education to students of all age groups.","10","150"],[23,"6. (a) The role of emotional intelligence is crucial for public servants in overcoming adversity. Discuss.","10","150"],[25,"6. (b) What are the important learnings from the life and teachings of Sri Adi Shankaracharya that can help public servants in their personal and professional lives.","10","150"],[27,"6. (c) Citizen's Charters are tools that help conventional organizations develop socially sensitive and ethically oriented professional conduct. Elaborate.","10","150"],[29,"7. You are working as the Head of the Human Resources Department in a consultancy firm ABC Corp. A female employee of the firm comes to you complaining about sexual harassment in the company premise at the hands of the CEO of one of your clients, XYZ Corp., when the latter visited your firm for a client interaction. XYZ Corp. happens to be a major source of revenue for your company. Also, the CEO of XYZ Corp. is considered as a very reputed professional and is highly regarded by the senior management of your firm. In the past, you have witnessed members of your senior management praise the professional and no-nonsense attitude of the CEO of XYZ Corp. However, the female employee, who has approached you, is also sure that the CEO knowingly misbehaved with her. In light of the situation:\n(a) Discuss the issues involved in this case.\n(b) What are the options available to you and what course of action would you take? Give logical arguments to support your answer.","20","in around 250"],[34,"8. Records show that there have been numerous cases of custodial deaths in the last 20 years in India. Very few policeman have been convicted so far in such cases. Recently, you come across the case of custodial death of a youth in one of the backward districts of the country. It has been reported that the youth was detained on frivolous grounds of kidnapping a girl from another community. As a young graduate student, preparing for the civil services examination conducted by the UPSC, answer the following:\n(a) Why is there a frequent violation of the code of conduct and abuse of authority by law enforcement officers at various levels in India?\n(b) Is the use of violence and show of 'quick justice' by the policemen increasingly becoming acceptable by the society? Justify your stand with relevant arguments.\n(c) What can be done to comprehensively deal with the issue of torture and custodial deaths in India?","20",""],[35,"(A) Reason for frequent violation of code of conduct and abuse of authority by law enforcement officers\n(1) Lack of awareness, training in the code of conduct by officers\n(2) Over-work causes frustration in the officers\n(3) Need to uphold the \"machoist\" and \"paternalistic\" attitude of police force to ensure order\n(4) Delays in the judicial system frustrates an officer who himself/herself becomes a justice-giver\n(5) Lack of an accountability framework for police","",""],[39,"9. A prominent stand-up comedian from your country has recently delivered a performance at an event in another country. Owing to the fame and hype associated with this event, the performance has been broadcast across the globe to millions of viewers. In the performance, the comedian brings up the dichotomy and paradoxes associated with the society and culture of your country. He brings up issues like status of women, violence against women, caste, politics etc. in his monologue. The performance touches upon such sensitive issues that it has polarised the audience. A vast section of people are affected by this and have organized huge demonstrations and have appealed the government to direct the broadcasting platform to remove this content from their platform. They are also pushing the government to take action against the comedian. An FIR too has been filed against him. On the other hand, there is also a significant outpour of support for the comedian.\n(a) What are the core ethical issues arising from this case?\n(b) The recent spate of FIRs against show creators, artists etc. highlight the need of regulation of content that is circulated online. Should such a step be taken by the government? Substantiate with reasons.","20",""],[44,"10. You are a District Magistrate posted in a backward district of the country. You are responsible for getting an Atal Residential School built on the village land in your district. The contract for the construction of the school has been assigned to a popular local leader's son. This land is presently occupied by tribal communities but they cannot produce any ownership records. They claim that they have resided on the land for generations. They also allege that the administration is pressurising them to vacate their land to build the school and have assured that they will be relocated elsewhere. However, they are hesitant to do so as it will uproot them from their homes and will affect their livelihood. One of the prominent tribal leaders has highlighted this issue and it has caught the attention of the mainstream media. In the light of the situation, answer the following:\n(a) Identify the stakeholders involved in the case and their respective interests.\n(b) Discuss the various ethical concerns in the given case.\n(c) What are the options available to you and which of these options you will choose? Justify.","20",""],[49,"11. Across the world, there is often a taxing demand on correct manners, etiquettes and moral responsibility by celebrities and public figures and there is huge public outrage if they act carelessly. Even for small mistakes, public figures have to apologise, or take an early retirement out of shame. This is often aggravated by the media, which relentlessly reports on the issue and the public who enjoy the voyeurism offered by entertainment – footage of star cars being chased, leaked WhatsApp chats etc. Further, there is hardly any unbiased and civil debate when it comes to celebrities and their social responsibilities. In most cases, the argument does not even centre around the actual issue and gets subsumed by overarching subplots. Messy trolling, often misdirected, is a common feature in all. Even serious issues like suicide and drug use are reduced to parenting problems and witch-hunt is often seen. In this context:\n(a) Is there any difference between a public figure and private person when it comes to privacy? Should public figures also have some reasonable amount of privacy?\n(b) Do you think it is fair to expect role models, such as celebrities and public figures, to act more responsibly as compared to ordinary citizens?\n(c) Discuss the importance of responsible journalism in this context.","20",""],[54,"12. You are the Municipal Commissioner of a large city, which has witnessed unprecedented increase in biomedical waste. Recently, 15 sanitation workers lost their lives and close to 100 have been seriously infected owing to this increase in waste. Apart from biomedical waste, the city is also facing a major problem in management of household waste. There is a view that the COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated the problems of the waste management sector. Despite the fact that the government has notified rules regarding disposal, collection and treatment of waste and has initiated numerous awareness campaigns in the past, still, the problem does not seem to be getting under control. In view of this, answer the following questions:\n(a) Identify the stakeholders and the significance of their involvement in addressing the issue.\n(b) In your opinion, what are the reasons behind apathy of people towards issues like waste disposal that affect the larger interests of the society?\n(c) As the Municipal Commissioner, suggest some practical techniques to bring about an attitudinal change among residents of the city towards this issue.","20",""]]},{"i":1037,"t":"Shruti Sharma","c":"Vajiram","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ER257NUCPihtWSOte_aYpnJse3k6b89q/view","q":[[3,"1. What do you understand by the following terms in the context of public service? (10 marks, 150 words)\n(a) Ethical dilemma\n(b) Conscience\n(c) Conflict of interest\n(d) Trustworthiness","10","150"],[5,"2. (a) What do you understand by environmental ethics? How are laws and ethics different from each other?","10","150"],[7,"(b) Do you think the utilitarian approach can be the foundation of morals and legislation?","10","150"],[9,"3. (a) Education is much beyond acquiring information and skills. It goes deep into the domain of ingraining values. Discuss with suitable examples.","10","150"],[11,"(b) Closure of schools due to the pandemic has not only hampered the academic development of the students but also impacted the moral development of the pupils. Comment.","10","150"],[13,"4. Explain briefly the contribution of Acharya Vinoba Bhave in establishing a society with justice and setting the tone for a better India for tomorrow.","10","150"],[15,"5. (a) What is the difference between prejudices and discrimination? Are there ways to overcome prejudices?","10","150"],[17,"(b) What is the application of Emotional intelligence to administration? How can emotional intelligence be enhanced?","10","150"],[19,"6.(a) \"Civil servants are the custodian of public resources.\" In the context of this statement, state the importance of holistic competence for civil servants in India.","10","150"]]},{"i":1038,"t":"Shruti Sharma","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1yXI30Ci95pwKHymauTdPUTr9PSwNJj4E/view","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) Some people feel that religion is a source of peace and virtue, while others believe that it is the root cause of violence and chaos. Give your perception in this regard with due justification.","10","150"],[5,"b) Fear is a powerful, primitive, undesirable emotion, but like all other emotions it has its utility. Explain with examples from your life. How can fear be managed and controlled?","10","150"],[7,"Q.2) a) Discuss the role of ethics and values in turning India into a 5 trillion-dollar economy.","10","150"],[9,"b) Highlighting the three components of attitude, explain what should be the attitude of a civil servant while dealing with the issues related to integrity and probity in public life.","10","150"],[11,"Q.3) a) \"Non-violence is the greatest force at the disposal of mankind. It is mightier than the mightiest weapon of destruction devised by the ingenuity of man\" - Mahatma Gandhi. Does this view still hold true in the contemporary world? Discuss.","10","150"],[13,"b) Differentiate between the following:\n1. Organizational ethics and organizational culture","5","100"],[14,"2. Intellectual integrity vs moral integrity","5","100"],[15,"Q.4) a) Individual liberty is an ideal of democracy, yet states frame laws and policies that restrict personal freedoms. Do you think it is ethical for a democratic government to limit individual liberties of their citizen?","10","150"],[17,"b) \"Beware of false knowledge, it is more dangerous than ignorance\". Discuss in context of social media.","10","150"],[19,"Q.5) What does each of the following quotation mean to you?\na) \"The only thing necessary for triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing.\" (10 marks, 150 words)","10","150"],[21,"b) \"No morality can be founded on authority, even if the authority were divine.\"","10","150"],[23,"Q.6) a) Nations must incorporate morality in their climate action for just and equitable distribution of global carbon space. In this light, bring out and discuss ethical dimensions in India's climate action plans and commitments.","10","150"],[25,"b) Objectivity and compassion both are considered foundational values for a civil servant. Why is it important for a civil servant to balance these values? Explain with help of two examples where (i) objectivity was practiced without compassion (ii) objectivity and compassion were blended together.","10","150"],[27,"c) What do you understand by the term \"participatory governance\"? Based on your understanding of the term, discuss why is it important for ensuring ethical governance.","10","150"],[29,"Q.7 Policing in India is often seen as employing harsh and inhumane methods on citizens while dealing with civic issues. This can be seen in the following three incidents: A State government ordered a ban on selling of firecrackers on Diwali. Raids were carried out across the state to apprehend illegal sale of firecrackers. During one such raid, a roadside vendor was arrested in front of his young daughter who was seen to be pleading the police to let go of her father. The police were seen to upturn the small cache of firecrackers displayed for sale on a cot. In another incident, police were seen to upturn a cart of vegetables while enforcing restrictions against opening of shops in a lock-down imposed to control a pandemic. In another lockdown related incident, police personnel canned a young man roaming outside his house, and when his father intervened, both were arrested. All three incidents were caught on camera and the videos went viral on social media sites. As Superintendent of Police, you intend to impart a more humane face to the police in your district and bridge the trust deficit that exist between common citizens and police personals. You find out that the police personals are overworked and many vacancies have been lying pending for years. The police personals are forced to work for long hours without breaks, away from families, including on days of festivals. You also have good reasons to believe the existence of an extortion network involving police in your district with apparent political patronage. The government has invited suggestions from the police heads for overhauling the working of the police and making the police the ideal employer attracting best of the talent to fill pending vacancies. Based on these details, answer:\na) How could the three instances of apparent high handedness by police as described be dealt differently?\nb) Analyze the difference between police service and police force.\nc) What would be your suggestions to the government? How would you strengthen the moral values among the police personals in your district?","20","250"],[34,"Q.8 Saraswathi has been recently appointed as a Labor Enforcement Officer (LEO). Saraswathi has always lived with her family in a metropolitan area. Due to her new posting, she has shifted to a sub-urban area and this is the first time that she is living away from her family. Though Saraswathi is enjoying her work, some cultural difference, especially related to gender discrimination, has come as a rude shock to her.\n\nOne day, Saraswathi was inspecting a construction site as part of her official duty of protecting the rights of laborer and ensuring a safe work environment. Upon her arrival on the project site, she was greeted by Jagat, the chief contractor of the project. Jagat showed her around the project site and everything appeared sound at first. However, when she was about to leave, she saw an injured woman, Shanti. Saraswathi initially assumed that shanti was injured in some work-related accident. She asked Shanti about her injury and what shanti revealed to Saraswathi shook her.\n\nShanti told Saraswathi that she was a 17-year-old girl belonging to a tribal community and the contractor had brought her to the construction site with a promise of a decent working wage. While the male laborers were paid 25 rupees/day, Ajith paid Shanti just 15 rupees/day for her back breaking manual labor. Shanti approached Ajith and demanded an increase in her daily wage to 20 rupees/day or she would go back to her village. Shanti was accompanied by some other women laborer. Not only Ajith refused to accept her demand but also thrashed her with a steel rod to set an example for the other laborers. Further, Shanti was forced to work on the construction site and not allowed to go back to her village, so that she can serve as a constant reminder of terrible repercussions for defying the contractor.\n\nSaraswathi, who has never witnessed such barbarism in her sheltered urban life, was overwhelmed by emotions. Saraswathi was furious with the contractor Ajith and demanded an explanation on the incident. Ajith brazenly replied that he pays to his employees what they deserve implying to gender and caste status of the employees. Saraswathi decided to initiate legal action against Ajith. However, her subordinates advised her against taking any action as Ajith is a local strongman and politically well-connected with the ruling dispensation. Ajith also threatened Saraswathi, who lives all by herself in a small town, of dire consequences for her activism. Considering this case, answer the following questions:\na) What explains the widespread gender-based pay gap in jobs across sectors?\nb) Highlighting ethical issues involved in this case, evaluate different courses of actions available to Saraswathi.\nc) If you were in Saraswathi's position, what would you have done? Justify.","","20"],[35,"a) सभी क्षेत्रों में नौकरियों में व्यापक लैंगिक-आधारित वेतन अंतराल क्या बताता है?\nb) इस मामले में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों पर प्रकाश डालते हुए, सरस्वती के लिए उपलब्ध विभिन्न कार्यवाही के साधनों का मूल्यांकन करें।\nc) अगर आप सरस्वती की जगह होते तो क्या करते? उस कार्यवाही का औचित्य सिद्ध कीजिए।\na) सभी क्षेत्रों में नौकरियों में व्यापक लैंगिक-आधारित वेतन अंतराल क्या बताता है?\nb) इस मामले में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों पर प्रकाश डालते हुए, सरस्वती के लिए उपलब्ध विभिन्न कार्यवाही के साधनों का मूल्यांकन करें।\nc) अगर आप सरस्वती की जगह होते तो क्या करते? उस कार्यवाही का औचित्य सिद्ध कीजिए।","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[39,"Q.9 India has been trying to develop deeper bonds with its neighbors through its neighborhood first policy. The policy has started bearing fruits. In recent years the relationship with country X, one of the India's neighbors, has been improving. This is visible as the government of X has been supportive of Indian government's efforts to reign in the militant groups that find shelter in the dense forests along the border with X. Successful joint operations of Indian army and X's military have helped reduce militancy in the Indian bordering states.\nLast month, the military of X carried out a coup d'etat and took over the democratically elected government. The entire political leadership was put under house arrest and the head of the government was arrested on the charge of electoral frauds. The citizens of the nation protested against the coup. The military responded with violent suppression of the protesters. A section of police officers, sympathetic to the cause of the protesters, refused to follow orders of their superiors to open fire upon unarmed protestors and even sided with the protestors. This act of defiance created a fear of persecution in these officers by the military.\nSome of these police officers and their families crossed over to India through porous borders. Inflow of refugees through porous borders has been a continuous source of tension between India and X. In past few years, due to ethnic and religious persecution, a large number of people have come to India illegally. This number is expected to rise in future because of military rule in the country. India is concerned about the inflow of illegal immigrants as well as removal of democratically elected government in X.\nIndia has been invited by X to participate in latter's Armed Forces Day parade. Many countries have refused the invitation in wake of the violence seen during handling of protests by the police and armed forces. The permanent representative of X at United Nations has called on the countries of the world to not engage with the military regime of X. Most western countries have announced sanctions against X's military-related individuals and businesses and have called for restoration of democracy. India has been reluctant to comment on the matter and it is still contemplating about future course of action. As a senior bureaucrat in the Ministry of External Affairs, you have been asked by the government to device a professional response to the current crisis, answer the following questions:\na) What are the available options and what course of action would you suggest?\nb) List five ethical factors that would influence your suggestion to the government.","20","250"],[40,"a) उपलब्ध विकल्प क्या हैं और आप किस प्रकार की कार्रवाई का सुझाव देंगे?\nb) सरकार को आपके सुझाव को प्रभावित करने वाले पाँच नैतिक कारकों की सूची बनाइए।\na) उपलब्ध विकल्प क्या हैं और आप किस प्रकार की कार्रवाई का सुझाव देंगे?\nb) सरकार को आपके सुझाव को प्रभावित करने वाले पाँच नैतिक कारकों की सूची बनाइए।","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[44,"Q.10 Based on the given information, answer the following:\na) Examine the relevance of functional specialization in the developmental roles of public administrators.\nb) Is Dr Surendra Tarun an example of an ideal administrator? Justify your answer.","20","20"],[45,"a) लोक प्रशासकों की विकासात्मक भूमिकाओं में कार्यात्मक विशेषता की प्रासंगिकता का परीक्षण कीजिए।\nb) क्या डॉ सुरेंद्र तरुण एक आदर्श प्रशासक के उदाहरण हैं? अपने जवाब का औचित्य सिद्ध करें।\na) लोक प्रशासकों की विकासात्मक भूमिकाओं में कार्यात्मक विशेषता की प्रासंगिकता का परीक्षण कीजिए।\nb) क्या डॉ सुरेंद्र तरुण एक आदर्श प्रशासक के उदाहरण हैं? अपने जवाब का औचित्य सिद्ध करें।","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[49,"Q.11 In context of this case, answer the following:\na) What are the various ethical issues involved in the case?\nb) Consider yourself in position of investigating officer of this case, what would be the best course of action to handle the case? Justify your action.","20","20"],[50,"a) मामले में शामिल विभिन्न नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं?\nb) इस मामले के जांच अधिकारी की स्थिति में खुद पर विचार करते हुए, मामले को संभालने के लिए सबसे अच्छा तरीका क्या होगा? अपनी कार्रवाई का औचित्य साबित करें।\na) मामले में शामिल विभिन्न नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं?\nb) इस मामले के जांच अधिकारी की स्थिति में खुद पर विचार करते हुए, मामले को संभालने के लिए सबसे अच्छा तरीका क्या होगा? अपनी कार्रवाई का औचित्य साबित करें।","20 अंक","250 शब्द"],[54,"Q.12) Considering the whole situation, do you agree that Apple's action was justified? Why or why not? Make an argument by weighing the competing values in this case.","20","250"],[55,"पूरी स्थिति को ध्यान में रखते हुए, क्या आप सहमत हैं कि ऐप्पल की कार्रवाई उचित थी? क्यों या क्यों नहीं? इस मामले में प्रतिस्पर्धी मूल्यों को तौलकर तर्क दें।","20 अंक","250 शब्द"]]},{"i":1039,"t":"Shruti Sharma","c":"Vajiram","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/17G-qE7hAYGzD2IfLKFpckIRNh8Cf7Obz/view","q":[[3,"1. What do you understand by the following terms in the context of public service? (10 marks, 150 words)\n(a) Ethical dilemma\n(b) Conscience\n(c) Conflict of interest\n(d) Trustworthiness","10","150"],[5,"2. (a) What do you understand by environmental ethics? How are laws and ethics different from each other?","10","150"],[7,"(b) Do you think the utilitarian approach can be the foundation of morals and legislation?","10","150"],[9,"3. (a) Education is much beyond acquiring information and skills. It goes deep into the domain of ingraining values. Discuss with suitable examples.","10","150"],[11,"(b) Closure of schools due to the pandemic has not only hampered the academic development of the students but also impacted the moral development of the pupils. Comment.","10","150"],[13,"4. Explain briefly the contribution of Acharya Vinoba Bhave in establishing a society with justice and setting the tone for a better India for tomorrow.","10","150"],[14,"1 Role in Better India for Tomorrow:\n1) Laid the foundation for India's space and nuclear programme along with Homi Bhabha\n2) Role in setting up ISRO and BARC\n3) Emphasised need for self-sufficiency in defence and other sectors and non dependence on dominant nations\nB) Development of art and culture, leading role in establishing institutions for theatre, layplays and drama in Gujarat and Rest of India","",""],[15,"5. (a) What is the difference between prejudices and discrimination? Are there ways to overcome prejudices?","10","150"],[17,"(b) What is the application of Emotional intelligence to administration? How can emotional intelligence be enhanced?","10","150"],[19,"6.(a) \"Civil servants are the custodian of public resources.\" In the context of this statement, state the importance of holistic competence for civil servants in India.","10","150"]]},{"i":1040,"t":"Shruti Sharma","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1vRTYs4z0wIIRN2v3cEFS0GtxMzJKkrPV/view","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) Some people feel that religion is a source of peace and virtue, while others believe that it is the root cause of violence and chaos. Give your perception in this regard with due justification.","10","150"],[5,"b) Fear is a powerful, primitive, undesirable emotion, but like all other emotions it has its utility. Explain with examples from your life. How can fear be managed and controlled?","10","150"],[7,"Q.2) a) Discuss the role of ethics and values in turning India into a 5 trillion-dollar economy.","10","150"],[9,"b) Highlighting the three components of attitude, explain what should be the attitude of a civil servant while dealing with the issues related to integrity and probity in public life.","10","150"],[11,"Q.3) a) \"Non-violence is the greatest force at the disposal of mankind. It is mightier than the mightiest weapon of destruction devised by the ingenuity of man\" - Mahatma Gandhi. Does this view still hold true in the contemporary world? Discuss.","10","150"],[13,"b) Differentiate between the following:\n1. Organizational ethics and organizational culture\nmarks/word_limit (5 marks, 100 words)","5","100"],[14,"2. Intellectual integrity vs moral integrity","5","100"],[15,"Q.4) a) Individual liberty is an ideal of democracy, yet states frame laws and policies that restrict personal freedoms. Do you think it is ethical for a democratic government to limit individual liberties of their citizen?","10","150"],[17,"b) \"Beware of false knowledge, it is more dangerous than ignorance\". Discuss in context of social media.","10","150"],[19,"Q.5) What does each of the following quotation mean to you?\na) \"The only thing necessary for triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing.\" (10 marks, 150 words)","10","150"],[21,"b) \"No morality can be founded on authority, even if the authority were divine.\"","10","150"],[23,"Q.6) a) Nations must incorporate morality in their climate action for just and equitable distribution of global carbon space. In this light, bring out and discuss ethical dimensions in India's climate action plans and commitments.","10","150"],[25,"b) Objectivity and compassion both are considered foundational values for a civil servant. Why is it important for a civil servant to balance these values? Explain with help of two examples where (i) objectivity was practiced without compassion (ii) objectivity and compassion were blended together.","10","150"],[27,"c) What do you understand by the term \"participatory governance\"? Based on your understanding of the term, discuss why is it important for ensuring ethical governance.","10","150"],[29,"Q.7 Policing in India is often seen as employing harsh and inhumane methods on citizens while dealing with civic issues. This can be seen in the following three incidents: A State government ordered a ban on selling of firecrackers on Diwali. Raids were carried out across the state to apprehend illegal sale of firecrackers. During one such raid, a roadside vendor was arrested in front of his young daughter who was seen to be pleading the police to let go of her father. The police were seen to upturn the small cache of firecrackers displayed for sale on a cot. In another incident, police were seen to upturn a cart of vegetables while enforcing restrictions against opening of shops in a lock-down imposed to control a pandemic. In another lockdown related incident, police personnel canned a young man roaming outside his house, and when his father intervened, both were arrested. All three incidents were caught on camera and the videos went viral on social media sites. As Superintendent of Police, you intend to impart a more humane face to the police in your district and bridge the trust deficit that exist between common citizens and police personals. You find out that the police personals are overworked and many vacancies have been lying pending for years. The police personals are forced to work for long hours without breaks, away from families, including on days of festivals. You also have good reasons to believe the existence of an extortion network involving police in your district with apparent political patronage. The government has invited suggestions from the police heads for overhauling the working of the police and making the police the ideal employer attracting best of the talent to fill pending vacancies. Based on these details, answer:\na) How could the three instances of apparent high handedness by police as described be dealt differently?\nb) Analyze the difference between police service and police force.\nc) What would be your suggestions to the government? How would you strengthen the moral values among the police personals in your district?","20","250"],[34,"Q.8 Saraswathi has been recently appointed as a Labor Enforcement Officer (LEO). Saraswathi has always lived with her family in a metropolitan area. Due to her new posting, she has shifted to a sub-urban area and this is the first time that she is living away from her family. Though Saraswathi is enjoying her work, some cultural difference, especially related to gender discrimination, has come as a rude shock to her.\n\nOne day, Saraswathi was inspecting a construction site as part of her official duty of protecting the rights of laborer and ensuring a safe work environment. Upon her arrival on the project site, she was greeted by Jagat, the chief contractor of the project. Jagat showed her around the project site and everything appeared sound at first. However, when she was about to leave, she saw an injured woman, Shanti. Saraswathi initially assumed that shanti was injured in some work-related accident. She asked Shanti about her injury and what shanti revealed to Saraswathi shook her.\n\nShanti told Saraswathi that she was a 17-year-old girl belonging to a tribal community and the contractor had brought her to the construction site with a promise of a decent working wage. While the male laborers were paid 25 rupees/day, Ajith paid Shanti just 15 rupees/day for her back breaking manual labor. Shanti approached Ajith and demanded an increase in her daily wage to 20 rupees/ day or she would go back to her village. Shanti was accompanied by some other women laborer. Not only Ajith refused to accept her demand but also thrashed her with a steel rod to set an example for the other laborers. Further, Shanti was forced to work on the construction site and not allowed to go back to her village, so that she can serve as a constant reminder of terrible repercussions for defying the contractor.\n\nSaraswathi, who has never witnessed such barbarism in her sheltered urban life, was overwhelmed by emotions. Saraswathi was furious with the contractor Ajith and demanded an explanation on the incident. Ajith brazenly replied that he pays to his employees what they deserve implying to gender and caste status of the employees. Saraswathi decided to initiate legal action against Ajith. However, her subordinates advised her against taking any action as Ajith is a local strongman and politically well-connected with the ruling dispensation. Ajith also threatened Saraswathi, who lives all by herself in a small town, of dire consequences for her activism. Considering this case, answer the following questions:\na) What explains the widespread gender-based pay gap in jobs across sectors?\nb) Highlighting ethical issues involved in this case, evaluate different courses of actions available to Saraswathi.\nc) If you were in Saraswathi's position, what would you have done? Justify.","","20"],[35,"a) सभी क्षेत्रों में नौकरियों में व्यापक लैंगिक-आधारित वेतन अंतराल क्या बताता है?\nb) इस मामले में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों पर प्रकाश डालते हुए, सरस्वती के लिए उपलब्ध विभिन्न कार्यवाही के साधनों का मूल्यांकन करें।\nc) अगर आप सरस्वती की जगह होते तो क्या करते? उस कार्यवाही का औचित्य सिद्ध कीजिए।\na) सभी क्षेत्रों में नौकरियों में व्यापक लैंगिक-आधारित वेतन अंतराल क्या बताता है?\nb) इस मामले में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों पर प्रकाश डालते हुए, सरस्वती के लिए उपलब्ध विभिन्न कार्यवाही के साधनों का मूल्यांकन करें।\nc) अगर आप सरस्वती की जगह होते तो क्या करते? उस कार्यवाही का औचित्य सिद्ध कीजिए।","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[39,"Q.9 India has been trying to develop deeper bonds with its neighbors through its neighborhood first policy. The policy has started bearing fruits. In recent years the relationship with country X, one of the India's neighbors, has been improving. This is visible as the government of X has been supportive of Indian government's efforts to reign in the militant groups that find shelter in the dense forests along the border with X. Successful joint operations of Indian army and X's military have helped reduce militancy in the Indian bordering states.\nLast month, the military of X carried out a coup d'etat and took over the democratically elected government. The entire political leadership was put under house arrest and the head of the government was arrested on the charge of electoral frauds. The citizens of the nation protested against the coup. The military responded with violent suppression of the protesters. A section of police officers, sympathetic to the cause of the protesters, refused to follow orders of their superiors to open fire upon unarmed protestors and even sided with the protestors. This act of defiance created a fear of persecution in these officers by the military.\nSome of these police officers and their families crossed over to India through porous borders. Inflow of refugees through porous borders has been a continuous source of tension between India and X. In past few years, due to ethnic and religious persecution, a large number of people have come to India illegally. This number is expected to rise in future because of military rule in the country. India is concerned about the inflow of illegal immigrants as well as removal of democratically elected government in X.\nIndia has been invited by X to participate in latter's Armed Forces Day parade. Many countries have refused the invitation in wake of the violence seen during handling of protests by the police and armed forces. The permanent representative of X at United Nations has called on the countries of the world to not engage with the military regime of X. Most western countries have announced sanctions against X's military-related individuals and businesses and have called for restoration of democracy. India has been reluctant to comment on the matter and it is still contemplating about future course of action. As a senior bureaucrat in the Ministry of External Affairs, you have been asked by the government to device a professional response to the current crisis, answer the following questions:\na) What are the available options and what course of action would you suggest?\nb) List five ethical factors that would influence your suggestion to the government.","20","250"],[40,"a) उपलब्ध विकल्प क्या हैं और आप किस प्रकार की कार्रवाई का सुझाव देंगे?\nb) सरकार को आपके सुझाव को प्रभावित करने वाले पाँच नैतिक कारकों की सूची बनाइए।\na) उपलब्ध विकल्प क्या हैं और आप किस प्रकार की कार्रवाई का सुझाव देंगे?\nb) सरकार को आपके सुझाव को प्रभावित करने वाले पाँच नैतिक कारकों की सूची बनाइए।","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[44,"Q.10 Based on the given information, answer the following:\na) Examine the relevance of functional specialization in the developmental roles of public administrators.\nb) Is Dr Surendra Tarun an example of an ideal administrator? Justify your answer.","20","20"],[45,"a) लोक प्रशासकों की विकासात्मक भूमिकाओं में कार्यात्मक विशेषता की प्रासंगिकता का परीक्षण कीजिए।\nb) क्या डॉ सुरेंद्र तरुण एक आदर्श प्रशासक के उदाहरण हैं? अपने जवाब का औचित्य सिद्ध करें।\na) लोक प्रशासकों की विकासात्मक भूमिकाओं में कार्यात्मक विशेषता की प्रासंगिकता का परीक्षण कीजिए।\nb) क्या डॉ सुरेंद्र तरुण एक आदर्श प्रशासक के उदाहरण हैं? अपने जवाब का औचित्य सिद्ध करें।","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[49,"Q.11 In context of this case, answer the following:\na) What are the various ethical issues involved in the case?\nb) Consider yourself in position of investigating officer of this case, what would be the best course of action to handle the case? Justify your action.","20","20"],[50,"a) मामले में शामिल विभिन्न नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं?\nb) इस मामले के जांच अधिकारी की स्थिति में खुद पर विचार करते हुए, मामले को संभालने के लिए सबसे अच्छा तरीका क्या होगा? अपनी कार्रवाई का औचित्य साबित करें।\na) मामले में शामिल विभिन्न नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं?\nb) इस मामले के जांच अधिकारी की स्थिति में खुद पर विचार करते हुए, मामले को संभालने के लिए सबसे अच्छा तरीका क्या होगा? अपनी कार्रवाई का औचित्य साबित करें।","20 अंक","250 शब्द"],[54,"Q.12 Considering the whole situation, do you agree that Apple's action was justified? Why or why not? Make an argument by weighing the competing values in this case.","20","250"],[55,"पूरी स्थिति को ध्यान में रखते हुए, क्या आप सहमत हैं कि ऐप्पल की कार्रवाई उचित थी? क्यों या क्यों नहीं? इस मामले में प्रतिस्पर्धी मूल्यों को तौलकर तर्क दें।","20 अंक","250 शब्द"]]},{"i":768,"t":"Shubham Behere","c":"Forumias","p":"GS1","y":2025,"r":226,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/BEHERE-SHUBHAM-SHARAD-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-226-Sample-MGP-3.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) In many ways, the Spanish civil war was the opening act of WWII. Comment.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) How will you explain the different fates of Buddhism and Jainism despite a slew of similarities in the two religions?","10","150"],[7,"Q.3 Non-Cooperation Movement democratized India's freedom struggle but suffered from inherent limitations. Discuss.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4 Critically analyse the efficacy of linguistic reorganization of states in addressing the reasons for linguistic divides in post-independent India.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5 Briefly discuss the role of plate tectonics theory in explaining the location of volcanoes. Also, explain the multifarious impacts of volcanoes on the surrounding regions.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) Taking further the success of Aspirational Districts Programme, Aspirational Blocks can help achieve the twin objectives of balanced growth and checking stress migration. Comment.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7 Describe the critical factors for location of defense industries and suggest measures to overcome the challenges.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) To what extent can Socio-Economic-Caste Census (SECC) address the challenges in achieving equitable resource allocation and targeted welfare?","10","150"],[19,"Q.9) Indian society is premised on some common values that give it a composite texture as well as some diverse practices that deepen its heterogeneity. Elucidate.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10) What are the factors that influence population growth in the country? In this perspective, examine the relevance and need of raising the minimum marriageable age of women for population development.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11 Bring out the reasons behind the tribal unrest in British India. Also, analyze the reasons for their limited success.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12 The independence of India was not a result of a forced expulsion of the Empire, as desired by the Quit India Movement; it was rather a confluence of domestic politics and global circumstances. Analyze.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13) Explain why Sufism, a liberal reform movement in Islam could deepen its roots in the Indian sub-continent, despite Islam being a foreign religion? Also, bring out the impacts of Sufism on Indian society.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14) Enumerate the reasons behind rising intensity and frequency of cyclones in the Arabian Sea in recent years. Giving special reference to NDMA guidelines, recommend measures to check the adverse impacts of cyclones.","15","250"],[34,"Measures to check adverse impact of cyclones as per NDMA\n1 Local planning - Local administration is encouraged to develop a evacuation and response plans in the event of cyclones as per the recommendation of NDMA and suitable to local needs.\n2 Early warning system to be made robust with the use of IT & communication to make people aware of the cyclones to facilitate evolutionary evacuation.\n3 Coordination amongst different prevention and response agencies at both local and national level to optimise the response to cyclone.\n4 Use of GIS, satellite imagery to track the path and intensity of cyclones.\n5 Capacity building of local people and administration for the rescue and rehabilitation after cyclone.\n6 Disaster resilient infrastructure to be promoted in cyclone prone areas.","",""],[35,"Q.15 Examine the impacts of climate change on the hydrological cycle and suggest suitable mitigation and adaptation strategies to contain the harmful implications.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16) Defining continental shelf, highlight its resource potential and ecological significance.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 Rooted in patriarchal values, gender-based violence, in all its manifestations, is antithetical to societal growth. Explain.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18) The caste calculus in the Indian society remains predominant and continues to project its shadow on social, political, and economic domains. Do you agree? Substantiate your answer.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 Discuss various factors contributing to the water woes faced by Indian cities. Also, explain complexities in implementing a comprehensive water management plan.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20) Though important elements of group identity, religion and region also run the risk of deepening communal cleavages. Comment.","15","250"]]},{"i":767,"t":"Shubham Behere","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2025,"r":226,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/BEHERE-SHUBHAM-SHARAD-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-226-Sample-MGP-2.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) Discuss the role of the 'Fourth Estate' in upholding democratic values and analyse the issues affecting press freedom in India.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) The electoral process, though inclusionary in theory, has been pointed out for exclusionary tendencies in practice. Analyse, with special emphasis on role of women in India's representative electoral system.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) Human dignity, stemming from right to life, does not end with death penalty. In this context, throw light on various controversies surrounding capital punishment in the country.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) Assess the effectiveness of Inter-State River Water Disputes Act, 1956 in resolution of river-water disputes. Also describe the potential impact of delays in resolution of water disputes.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5 Discuss the significance of the cooperative model of development in addressing the issues of rural growth.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) In order to pass the ultimate test of good governance, welfare state should be close to the people, responsive to their aspirations, and inclusive in its approach. Discuss with special reference to PM PVTG Development Mission.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7 To what extent collaboration between the state and civil society organizations (CSOs) help in addressing poverty and malnutrition in the country?","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) Absence of a robust social infrastructure in the country may become one of the most significant challenges in achieving a developed status by 2047. Discuss.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9 Though the changing paradigm towards dialogue and diplomacy in West Asia augurs well for India's interests in this otherwise restive region, presence of inimical actors may reverse the gains. Explain.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10) Water diplomacy can redefine the contours of regional cooperation in South Asia. Discuss with special reference to Indus water treaty 1960.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11 Despite constitutional backing to the institutions of local governance, the idea of decentralisation has remained hostage to several structural bottlenecks. Elucidate.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12 Independent judiciary, as envisaged by the constitution, provides the bedrock for a thriving polity; however, executive encroachment may erode its credibility and affect its efficacy. Evaluate.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 Executive agencies, working as the watchdog against impropriety, are vital to act against the corrupt; however, pandering to vested interests may have the effect of turning the idea of rule of law on its head. Comment, with special reference to controversies associated with the Enforcement Directorate (ED).","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 Critically analyse the role of National Commission for Women (NCW) in wake of its mandate to safeguard women's rights and uphold their socio-economic wellbeing.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15) Understanding the extent, source, and complexity of deprivations among the multidimensionally poor contributes to more informed policymaking. In this context, analyze the latest National Multidimensional Poverty Index Report by NITI Aayog.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16 Though lifeblood of a representative democracy, political parties are beset with challenges of their own, limiting their larger role in democratization of the society.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17) Safely managed drinking water services, as desired by Jal Jeevan Mission, are designated to give multifarious benefits cutting across generations. Discuss. Also, elaborate upon the challenges in ensuring the mission's success.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 Legislation like Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe (Prevention of Atrocities) Act 1989 remains mere legal documents without intense sensitization of public functionaries and the civil society. Discuss.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 Harbinger of global rebalancing, India-Africa ties are a beacon of inclusive, sustainable, and equitable world. Explain.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20) How do ASEAN centrality, rules-based order, and development partnership with Pacific Island states make Indo-Pacific a theatre of opportunity for India? What are the hurdles in realisation of an inclusive Indo-Pacific construct?","15","250"]]},{"i":766,"t":"Shubham Behere","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":2025,"r":226,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/BEHERE-SHUBHAM-SHARAD-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-226-Sample-MGP-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) Celebrity endorsements raise pertinent ethical concerns about responsibility that delve into the realm of ethical considerations of social influence that run deeper than mere surface appeal. In this context, suggest measures to tackle the ethical challenges of celebrity brand endorsements.","10","150"],[5,"b) Embracing a scientific mindset involves setting aside impulsive inclinations in favor of the pursuit of truth. In your view, how does the integration of scientific thinking contribute to addressing contemporary challenges and promoting societal progress? How can we effectively cultivate a scientific attitude in society?","10","150"],[7,"Q.2) a) In the realm of professional conduct, ethics plays a role that tends to go far beyond fulfilling the roles and responsibilities of the job with diligence and honesty. But some people consider professional competence as the only critical requirement for a job. If faced with a choice, who would you prefer to hire - someone with professional competence or one with strong moral values?","10","150"],[9,"b) Patriotism can hold different meanings for different people, often shaped by personal experiences and convictions. What does patriotism mean to you? Explain narrating incidents from your life when you exhibited patriotism.","10","150"],[11,"Q.3) a) Max Weber's concept of bureaucracy was developed in the early 20th century, but it still influences administrative structures today. In what ways do you see Weberian bureaucracy as relevant in today's rapidly changing world?","10","150"],[13,"b) \"Global challenges often test the ethical fiber of nations, urging them to channel narrow pursuit of national-interest into an enlightened self-interest.\" Enumerating the various ethical principles underlying the concept of enlightened national-interest examine its efficacy in helping nations navigate the fine line between pursuing their strategic interests and upholding ethical principles, particularly in times of conflict?","10","150"],[15,"Q.4) a) In the realm of governance, a crucial aspect is the art of persuasion. The qualities that make civil servants proficient persuaders empower them to fulfill their responsibilities in an effective manner. Discuss with illustrations.","10","150"],[17,"b) Differentiate between the following:\ni. Conscientiousness and Conscience\nii. Gratitude and Gratification","10","150"],[19,"Q.5) a) Corruption has multifaceted implications. Some consider it an undeniable vice, while others contend it to be an unavoidable necessity for navigating the bureaucratic complexities. In your opinion, does corruption oil or corrode the gears of development? Substantiate your arguments.","10","150"],[21,"b) Ethical hacking and malicious hacking stand as divergent paths with distinct intentions and consequences. As technology advances, it becomes imperative to comprehend the nuances that set these practices apart in the cybersecurity landscape. In this perspective, elucidate the principles that differentiate ethical hacking and malicious hacking.","10","150"],[23,"Q.6 What does each of the following quotation mean to you?\na) \"Our greatest ability as humans is not to change the world, but to change ourselves.\" - Mahatma Gandhi","10","150"],[25,"b) 'People know what they do; frequently they know why they do what they do; but what they don't know is what what they do does.' Michel Foucault","10","150"],[27,"c) \"I slept and dreamt that life was a joy. I awoke and saw that life was service.\" Rabindra Nath Tagore","10","150"],[29,"Q.7 Even though the incidents of wars are detrimental to all, it is the women who have been the worst sufferers of all forms of human conflicts. Historical evidences from throughout the globe have highlighted the skewed vulnerability of women to violence in all its manifestations. In the medieval period, the situation of women remained particularly vulnerable; treated as second class citizens in comparison to men, their condition became particularly deplorable during wartime excesses. Invariably, women were considered as part of the plunder, leading to their sexual and psychological exploitation. Similarly, during the second world war, the then Imperial Japanese Army exploited women, pushing them into sexual slavery. These women were euphemistically termed as comfort women. The objectification of women as a commodity for comfort made their exploitation complete and absolute. Issue of comfort women, one of the largest incidents of human trafficking, continues to be a diplomatic flash point between South Korea and Japan. In contemporary times too, we get to see the manifestation of various social crimes against women. Dharmendra, a young District Magistrate, posted in Khainom, capital of Ranipur recently became witness to such an incident. Ranipur is one of the North Eastern states of India. Ranipur has a rich ethnic diversity consisting of both tribal and non-tribal population. Issues such as access and ownership over resources, settling of outsiders (non-tribals) in tribal areas, dominance/influence over government appointments etc., have remained the bone of contention between the tribal and non-tribal people. However, the matters came to a head when the demands from the non-tribal community for being recognized as tribals started gaining force. These demands were fiercely opposed by the tribals fearing that it will reinforce the positions of non-tribals; allow them to buy land in tribal areas and therefore will marginalize the already backward tribal community in the state. Within no time the situation took a communal turn. Khainom was particularly worst hit. In addition to the incidents of plunder and loot, Khainom gained global attention when a video of a tribal girl being sexually assaulted by non-tribal men surfaced in the social media. The video clearly depicted a group of 20-25 men molesting a tribal girl in front of entire village. A police car, and few police personnel were also visible in the video. The passivity of armed police personnel towards safeguarding the women was being severely criticised across all quarters. Even though this particular incident came into public domain, it was by no measure an isolated happening. Many such occurrences of targeting women from both the communities were reported throughout Ranipur. The political leadership of the state has taken cognizance of the events in Khainom. Dharmendra has been instructed to prepare a holistic plan to avoid such incidents in the future.\na) What recommendations should Dharmendra make to create a safe environment for the women?\nb) What are the factors that have led to victimization of women, especially during conflicts?","20","20"],[30,"a) महिलाओं के लिए सुरक्षित वातावरण बनाने के लिए धर्मेंद्र को क्या सिफारिशें करनी चाहिए?\nb) वे कौन से कारक हैं जिनके कारण महिलाओं को उत्पीड़न का सामना करना पड़ा, विशेषकर संघर्षों के दौरान?\na) महिलाओं के लिए सुरक्षित वातावरण बनाने के लिए धर्मेंद्र को क्या सिफारिशें करनी चाहिए?\nb) वे कौन से कारक हैं जिनके कारण महिलाओं को उत्पीड़न का सामना करना पड़ा, विशेषकर संघर्षों के दौरान?","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[35,"Q.8 Manoj is a young boy studying in class tenth of Nav Bharti school. Even though Manoj is pursuing science stream, as desired by his parents, he has always been more inclined towards arts. His skills in various performing arts viz. music, dance etc., has always received high praises from his friends, teachers and relatives alike. It was his desire to make a name for himself in this field. However, when Manoj informed his parents about his dream, their reaction though disappointing, did not come as a surprise. His parents who have always desired to see him as an engineer, were vehemently against his wish to pursue performing arts as a career option. His father explained him that by being an engineer he can lead a financially rewarding life, which they themselves could never afford. Further, his father also belittled his dream by saying that music and dance did not constitute an honourable profession. Manoj's father also pointed out to Manoj that Praveen, Manoj's cousin, had settled with a high paying job after completing his engineering degree form a renowned university. Though Manoj never enjoyed studying mathematics and science, he did not want to go against his parent's wishes. Therefore, after completing his board exams, Manoj was sent to Pota. Over the years the reputation of Pota as the coaching hub for entrance examinations had grown far and wide. The determination of Manoj's parents to make their son an engineer was undeterred despite the high fees of the coaching centres in Pota. Therefore, in order to pay the high fees of the coaching institute, Manoj's parents mortgaged their only asset, the ancestral family land. Manoj tried to convince his father against it, but to no avail. In order to fulfil his parent's aspiration, Manoj started working hard and giving his best. However, despite his consistent and honest hard work, his performance in mock tests remained sub-par and could neither meet the expectations of the teachers in Pota nor that of his parents at home. In addition, due to the alienation from the environment of school, friends, and family Manoj started remaining depressed. Further, in Pota he did not get anytime for pursuing his hobbies in performing arts. He started keeping to himself and even avoided talking to his parents on phone. Even after two years of gruelling coaching regime, Manoj's condition remained unchanged. The situation came to such a pass that Manoj used to be in a constant fear of failure in the annual Engineering Entrance Examination (EEE). He was aware about the high financial stakes that the exam bore for his family. It was under this pressure that Manoj gave the EEE. Finally, the results were out, and Manoj was unable to make it to any prestigious engineering college. Even though the result was on the expected lines for Manoj, the realisation that he has failed in the examination crushed him mentally. What made the matters worse was the disappointment that Manoj noticed in his parent's voice over the phone. Manoj felt like a criminal in his mind who had squandered the scarce family resources. Unable to bear the pressure, Manoj took a fatal jump off the building of his hostel. He left behind a note apologising to his parents for being unable to fulfil their aspirations.\na) What are the qualities lacked by Manoj's parents?\nb) What qualities in a person can prevent him/her from taking the extreme step of committing suicide?\nc) What are the various ethical issues with the education system as depicted in the case study?","20","250"],[36,"a) मनोज के माता-पिता में किन गुणों की कमी है?\nb) किसी व्यक्ति के कौन से गुण उसे आत्महत्या जैसा चरम कदम उठाने से रोक सकते हैं?\nc) केस स्टडी में दर्शाए अनुसार शिक्षा प्रणाली के साथ विभिन्न नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं?\na) मनोज के माता-पिता में किन गुणों की कमी है?\nb) किसी व्यक्ति के कौन से गुण उसे आत्महत्या जैसा चरम कदम उठाने से रोक सकते हैं?\nc) केस स्टडी में दर्शाए अनुसार शिक्षा प्रणाली के साथ विभिन्न नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं?","20 अंक","250 शब्द"],[41,"Q.9 Rajendra has been appointed as the General Manager of South Eastern Zone of the Indian Railways. After taking charge of his new posting, one of the first major shortcomings that Rajendra found in his jurisdiction was the gross shortage of staff, especially at operational level. Given the sensitive nature and importance of railways, Rajendra immediately apprised his seniors in the ministry about this issue. In his report, Rajendra pointed out that shortages at various positions are leading to an over-stretched workforce, which may become detrimental for the security of the freight and the passengers. However, Rajendra's report fell on deaf ears and no action was taken by Railways in this regard.\nAs fate would have it, a devastating train accident took place at Salasore, which fell under Rajendra's jurisdiction. Around 300 lives were lost and more than 1000 passengers were injured. The accident sent shock waves across the country and serious questions were being raised on railway safety. Given the seriousness of the incident, immediately an internal fact-finding committee was constituted under Rajendra.\nThe internal committee completed its enquiry and prima facie found \"human error in signaling\" as the cause of the accident. The accident, as per the committee, happened when two trains which erroneously, due to faulty signaling, were on the same track; the collision between the two trains derailed some bogies; the derailed bogies collided with yet another train that was running on the parallel track. The fact-finding team also highlighted that Anand, who was in charge of signaling, was working continuously for more than 16 hours, instead of his regular 8 hours shift. The report concluded \"lack of adequate staff\" as one of the major reasons behind the accident.\nThe very next day Rajendra was summoned by his superior in the ministry. Rajendra's superior congratulated him on the good and timely work on the report. However, he also asked him to modify the report by removing \"lack of adequate staff\" as one of the causes of the accident, as it showed Railways in a poor light. His superior further hinted that a lenient approach from Rajendra will bode well for his career. He also promised that Rajendra's cooperation in the matter will have a positive bearing on his request for a study leave. Moreover, the superior also reasoned with Rajendra that a rigid attitude may not bode well for him and he might get ostracized within the rank and file. Further, to make things 'easy' for Rajendra, his superior advised him to report Anand's negligence as the cause of the accident. However, Rajendra is aware that Anand is a very sincere and hard-working employee. He came out of the Chairman's office, dejected and undecided on his next course of action.\na) What are the ethical concerns associated with the case study?\nb) What are the options available with Rajendra?\nc) If you were at the place of Rajendra, which option would you choose and why?","20","20"],[42,"a) केस स्टडी से जुड़ी नैतिक चिंताएं क्या हैं?\nb) राजेंद्र के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\nc) यदि आप राजेंद्र के स्थान पर होते, तो आप कौन सा विकल्प चुनते और क्यों?","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[47,"Q.10 Grander Neobar Island is one of the world's most important biodiversity hotspots. Covered by thriving rainforest, the Island hosts a vast diversity of flora and fauna, many of which are endemic in nature. The Island is also known for being home to some of the Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs). For years, the region has been preserved for its ecological and cultural importance. Besides its environmental richness, the Grander Neobar is also particularly unique for its geo-strategic importance. The position of the Island in the Indian Ocean makes it ideal for gaining strategic leverage over the country's adversaries in the region. Grander Neobar Development Project (GNDP) is a security and infrastructure project proposed for the southern tip of the island. The project is important for economic benefits such as logistics, commerce, industry, and coastal tourism. GNDP includes an international container transhipment terminal, a greenfield international airport, township development, and a gas- and solar-based power plant together occupying over a large area in the island. Though touted as vital for country's economic growth and strategic presence in the region, some NGOs have been protesting against the project for its high environmental cost. The NGOs claim that the project would require cutting down of more than 900,000 trees of the rainforest biome, which are a prime source of carbon sequestration. Further, the loss of tree cover will not only affect the flora and fauna on the island, but it will also lead to increased runoff and sediment deposits in the ocean, impacting the coral reefs in the area. Also, the influx of outside population is expected to impose a significant ecological pressure on the island and its surroundings. The PVTGs residing in the Island for centuries may lose their traditional rights over land, and may also face undue interference in their culture and practices. As per some experts, as PVTGs are secluded from mainland since time immemorial, a sudden contact with outside population may pose grave health risks in forms of various infections. It is also being highlighted that the project is in contradiction to the government's vision to promote a sustainable world and a climate friendly lifestyle. However, the supporters of the project firmly believe that the project is essential, given its strategic importance for the country. The supporters of the project reason that since other countries also host several military bases in the region, India cannot afford to remain absent from this strategic backyard. Further, as per the advocates of the project, presence of a robust security infrastructure can check the oft-occurring incidents of piracy, cementing the country's role as the net security provider in the region. Moreover, the proponents of the development project argue that Grander Neobar is located close to one of the busiest choke points in the global trade route, and neglecting its development may run counter to country's trade and security interests. Also, as per a government think tank's report, the proposed port will allow Grander Neobar to participate in the regional and global maritime economy by becoming a major player in cargo transhipment and a delay in the same may have the effect of losing the competitive advantage.\na) What are the key ethical concerns present in the above case study?\nb) According to you between the twin objectives of development and conservation what should be given more priority and why?","","20"],[48,"a) उपरोक्त मामले के अध्ययन में मौजूद प्रमुख नैतिक चिंताएँ क्या हैं?\nb) आपके अनुसार विकास और संरक्षण के दोहरे उद्देश्यों में से किसे अधिक प्राथमिकता दी जानी चाहिए और क्यों? (20 अंक, 250 शब्द)\na) उपरोक्त मामले के अध्ययन में मौजूद प्रमुख नैतिक चिंताएँ क्या हैं?\nb) आपके अनुसार विकास और संरक्षण के दोहरे उद्देश्यों में से किसे अधिक प्राथमिकता दी जानी चाहिए और क्यों?","20 अंक","250 शब्द"],[53,"Q.11 Mr. Gopal Mahto is the sitting Chief Minister of one of the most populous states in India. He is a young and dynamic leader, popular not just in his state but across the country. Many political analysts opine that he has the potential to become Prime Minister of India in future. One day, the CM was taking a review meeting of law-and-order situation in the state, with senior officials in the state capital. Suddenly he felt a light pain in his abdomen. The CM had been feeling such bouts of pain since a long time, but like always he neglected it this time too, and continued with the meeting. However, in the next few weeks, the intensity of pain increased and the CM was forced to see a doctor. After initial examination, the doctor gave some medicines and prescribed few tests. After few days, the report came and it showed that the CM is suffering from 'Liver Cirrhosis.' It was in the advanced stage and posed a threat to the life of Mr. Mahto. The doctor told that the only option was the liver transplant without any further delay. In apprehension that it may create chaos among the general public, particularly the supporters of the CM and his party, it was decided to not make the news public. Only very few senior functionaries at the centre and state along with medical staff were aware of the situation. Meanwhile, the Health Minister of the State directed the State's Health Secretary to take necessary actions, coordinate with medical staff and arrange for liver transplant for the CM. The next day, the Health Secretary called the State Director General (DG), Health, who is the competent authority, dealing with the matters related to organ transplantation in the state. The DG, Renuka was informed of the situation and directed to make immediate arrangement for liver transplant. However, Renuka told the Secretary that there is a laid down Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) regarding organ transplantation. She informed him that there is already a patient named Sunil at first position in the waiting list, who also requires urgent liver transplant. The health secretary is also informed that Sunil is left with a very short time window for a successful transplantation. Sunil is 35 years old, a father of two, and the sole bread winner of the family of six that also includes his wife and aging parents. Sunil's family is of limited means and often found it rather difficult to cater even for their needs. Also, various medical costs associated with Sunil's conditions have further worsened the financial condition of the family. Renuka further informs the secretary, as per SOP, the CM would be at the second position in the waiting list. As a matter of chance, Renuka receives a phone call from one of her subordinates. She informs Renuka that a liver has been donated by family of an old person, who died his natural death. After relevant tests, it was found that the available liver is fit for Sunil. Incidentally, the liver also fits the medical profile of the CM. Renuka immediately intimates the secretary about this development. Even though all the facts with regard to the SOP are explicitly clear, the secretary still tries to persuade Renuka for bending the rule in favor of Mr. Gopal Mahto. He explains that if anything untoward happens to the CM, it may lead to chaos and instability in the State. It may also require fresh elections which will be a drain on state exchequer and a drag on the governance process. He also hinted that if Renuka 'bent' the rule, this will be favorable for her career growth in the future. Further, to ease Renuka's conscience, the health secretary assured her that her actions are in larger interest of the state as well as the country. He also reasoned that if Sunil fails to receive a healthy liver in time, he will personally ensure that Sunil's family is well taken care of, and an eligible member of his family is accorded with a government job. Meanwhile, the time is running out for both Sunil and the CM.\na) What are the ethical concerns associated with the above case study?\nb) What are the options available with Renuka? Analyse the merits and demerits of the options?\nc) If you were at the place of Renuka, which option would you choose and why?","20","250"],[54,"a) चपरोक मामले के अध्ययन से जुड़ी नैतिक चिंताएं क्या हैं?\nb) रेणुका के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं? विकल्पों के गुण और दोषों का विश्लेषण कीजिए?\nc) यदि आप रेणुका के स्थान पर होते, तो आप कौन सा विकल्प चुनते और क्यों?","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[55,"0 Ethical concerns involved in the case study","",""],[59,"Q.12 Mr X is travelling by road with his family to attend a marriage ceremony. His grandfather, who is the head of the family is also travelling with him. On the way to their destination, all of them stop at a road side restaurant for lunch. This is a well-known restaurant owned by one of the friends of Mr X. The place is known for its tasty and hygienic food. However, the grandfather notices a picture on the wall of the restaurant and enquires about the religion of the restaurant owner. Mr X's friend belongs to a religion different from the grandfather's religion. The grandfather has a negative attitude towards the religion of Mr X's friend and he insists that he will not eat in that restaurant. He demands that the entire family should leave the restaurant immediately as they are travelling for a happy occasion and eating at this particular restaurant will pollute them. Mr X tries to calm down his grandfather and explain to him that religion has nothing to do with purity or pollution. He also reasons that several travel magazines have rated the restaurant highly, especially for its superior hygiene standards. Also, he points out that there is no restaurant in the way for the next 100 Km and it will be difficult for all to make do without food for that long. However, his arguments fall on deaf years, and which is more his grandfather admonishes him for bringing the family to the restaurant despite being aware about the religion of the owner. Mr X's friend feels insulted and discriminated against due to his religion. Mr X's father is upset but refuses to say anything out of respect for the grandfather. Entire family is embarrassed by the attitude of the grandfather and they are getting ready to leave the restaurant. Mr X is confused regarding how he should act in this situation.\na) What are the various ethical issues in the above case study?\nb) Imagine yourself in the place of Mr X. Evaluate the different courses of actions available with you. What is the most suitable course of action?","20","250"],[60,"a) Ethical issues in the case study\n1 Respect for elders which is a culture of society. v/s taking a stand and protect the dignity of friend\n2 Generational difference in the ethical norms of what is right or wrong. child grandfather considers it right to discriminate against the friend for his religion, Mr. X being progressive does not differentiate on the basis of religion.","",""]]},{"i":769,"t":"Shubham Behere","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":2025,"r":226,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/BEHERE-SHUBHAM-SHARAD-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-226-Sample-MGP-4.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) Where the roots of private virtue are diseased, the fruit of public probity cannot but be corrupt. What do you understand by probity? Discuss ways of inculcating probity in public life.","10","150"],[5,"b) Evaluate the role of citizen's charter in making governance citizen centric. Also, recommend some measures to make citizen's charters more effective.","10","150"],[7,"Q.2) a) Differentiate between the following:\n(i) code of conduct and code of ethics\n(ii) Accountability and responsibility","10","150"],[9,"b) While successful managers make profit for their organizations, it is leaders who build successful organizations. In light of this statement, differentiate between a manager and a leader. Examine why leadership is considered a foundational value for a civil servant.","10","150"],[11,"Q.3) a) Right to Information Act, 2005, aims to make the governance process transparent and accountable, however, the sunshine legislation is beset with several challenges. Analyse.","10","150"],[13,"b) Uniform Civil Code (UCC) aims to create a common set of laws governing personal matters, such as marriage, divorce, inheritance, and adoption, irrespective of individuals' religious affiliations. In the context of the ongoing discourse on UCC in India, examine the challenges that arise when attempting to reconcile legal principles with diverse moral considerations. To what extent should the law be influenced by moral/religious principles?","10","150"],[15,"Q.4) a) \"Why should a man be moral? Because it strengthens his will.\" - Swami Vivekanand. In this perspective, discuss the significance of morality for bringing efficiency and effectiveness in public administration. Do you think moral rigidity can be a hindrance in good governance?","10","150"],[17,"b) Various practices and policies are implemented to uphold transparency, fairness, and accountability within administrative systems, encompassing both advantageous and disadvantageous aspects for the stakeholders involved and the overall administrative framework. Explore the ethical considerations that arise from the design and implementation of these administrative practices aiming to foster effective governance.","10","150"],[19,"Q.5) a) Civil servants who embody emotional intelligence exhibit a profound understanding of the human aspect of governance, enabling them to cultivate meaningful relationships, foster cooperation, and drive positive change. Examine ways in which Emotional Intelligence can be inculcated in civil servants.","10","150"],[21,"b) The challenges posed by the corporate sector's impact on climate, environmental sustainability, and living conditions has highlighted the need for responsible and inclusive business practices. In this direction, the contemporary discourse on corporate governance is emphasizing the interconnectedness of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors. Evaluate the ESG framework in equipping the corporate world with the capabilities to fulfill its social roles and responsibilities.","10","150"],[23,"Q.6) What does each of the following quotation mean to you?\na) \"Honesty is the first chapter in the book of wisdom\" - Thomas Jefferson","10","150"],[25,"b) \"When I do good, I feel good; when I do bad, I feel bad, and that is my religion\" - Abraham Lincoln.","10","150"],[27,"c) \"Real change, enduring change, happens one step at a time.\" – Ruth Bader Ginsburg.","10","150"],[29,"Q.7 Prachinmath is a pilgrim town nestled in the laps of Himalayas. The town is part of one of the border states of the country. It serves as the base for a highly revered and well-known pilgrimage undertaken by millions of people every year. The people of Prachinmath, who are largely from a close-knit community of Pahadi tribe, have lived in the area for several generations. The Pahadi people, since many generations, have developed a lifestyle which is integral to the ecosystem of Prachinmath. The traditional knowledge of the tribe passed from one generation to other have helped the people in living with the environment in a sustainable manner. The people of Prachinmath worshipped the local deity, and believed it to be their destiny to live in the region in a peaceful and harmonious way.\nHowever, the increasing pace of unplanned development, uncontrolled religious tourism, creation of strategic infrastructure etc., in the contemporary times have fundamentally altered the minimalistic nature of relationship that the people of Prachinmath had with the local/fragile environment. Prachinmath Bachao Committee (PBC), a civil society organization of Pahadi tribals, has consistently opposed the unbridled and brazen exploitation of the resources of Prachinmath. They have through petitions, jan sabhas, nukkad nataks etc., highlighted the grave consequences of the unsustainable development model that the state and the Union governments were adopting for Prachinmath. However, their petitions had fallen on deaf ears. Moreover, the government justified the infrastructure creation in Prachinmath in order to cater to its strategic and religious significance.\nThe problems came to a head when the government decided to construct a tunnel in Prachinmath, in order to generate hydroelectricity. The PBC as well as prominent geologists of the country vehemently opposed the idea citing its negative impact upon the region. The scientific community was of the opinion that as Prachinmath sits on geological fault lines and is built on a debris of a landslide, any large-scale construction may cause irreparable damage to the environment. Nevertheless, the government went ahead with the project, constructing the tunnel in a record time, citing its necessity for the energy security of the country. Even many economists were of the opinion that increased energy capacity will help India curtail its import bill. Such steps were hailed by the government as the stepping stone of the country towards strategic autonomy.\nThe worst fears of the local and scientific communities came true when the houses in Prachinmath started showing large cracks. The reason for the crack, as found out after a detailed study, was attributed to the subsidence of land in Prachinmath. The sinking of the land, development of large cracks, collapsing of the buildings etc., caught the attention of social, electronic, and print media alike. Overnight, Prachinmath became the talk of the country. Even the international media highlighted the episode, and the existential threat that it posed to the local communities as well as the environment. The state and Union governments swung into action and formed an expert committee, comprising of scientists, bureaucrats, NDRF/SDRF personnel etc., to look into the matter. The committee advised the government to evacuate Prachinmath completely, as the sinking of the land was continuing. Working on the recommendations of the committee, government prepared a detailed resettlement and rehabilitation plan for the people of Prachinmath.\nThe Pahadi people, who squarely blamed the government for the crisis, felt cheated by the actions of the government and refused to evacuate from Prachinmath, the place of their ancestors.\na) What are the various conflicting interests in the above case study.\nb) As a DM of the district in which Prachinmath falls, how will you convince the people to evacuate from the area?\nc) What can we do to avoid such situations in the future.","20","250"],[30,"a) उपरोक्त केस स्टडी में विभिन्न परस्पर विरोधी हित क्या हैं?\nb) जिस जिले में प्राचीनमठ पड़ता है, वहां के डीएम के रूप में आप लोगों को इलाका खाली करने के लिए कैसे मनाएंगे?\nc) भविष्य में ऐसी स्थितियों से बचने के लिए हम क्या कर सकते हैं?\na) उपरोक्त केस स्टडी में विभिन्न परस्पर विरोधी हित क्या हैं?\nb) जिस जिले में प्राचीनमठ पड़ता है, वहां के डीएम के रूप में आप लोगों को इलाका खाली करने के लिए कैसे मनाएंगे?\nc) भविष्य में ऐसी स्थितियों से बचने के लिए हम क्या कर सकते हैं?","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[35,"Q.8 Vihar is a state in the Northern part of the country. Prohibition laws in the state completely ban the storage, possession, sale, and consumption of liquor in any form. Despite the ban, the liquor mafia in the state has succeeded in supplying spurious liquor through various illegal dens. The activities of liquor mafia flourish under the nose of both the civil administration and the police department. Many Civil Society Organizations, women organizations etc., on numerous occasions complained to the authorities about the illegal production, sale, and consumption of liquor, but their complaints have fallen on deaf ears, and no substantial action was taken by the government to curb the menace.\nAs fate would have it, one day there was an unfortunate incident when a large group of fifty construction labourers died after consuming spurious liquor from an illegal den being operated by the mafia. Many of the victims were sole bread winners of their families. While the state was clear on its position that consuming liquor in the state was an illegal activity that warrants no sympathy or compensation (for the next of kin) from the government, families of the victims and also many CSOs were demanding compensation for the families of the deceased construction laborers.\nThe incident got both national and international coverage in print, electronic, as well as the social media. The pressure on the state government was mounting to amicably resolve the issue.\nAnjali is posted as the Joint Secretary in the Secretariat. The CM has asked her to create a detailed report on how should the state government handle this crisis.\na) Under the given circumstances, what measures should Anjali recommend to handle the above crisis.\nb) Critically evaluate the decision of state government to not compensate the victims of spurious liquor.","20","250"],[40,"Q.9) Kamlesh is a civil servant who has been recently posted as Additional Chief Secretary in the education department of the state. Kamlesh has a meticulous service record and is well known for his honesty, and a no-nonsense attitude. After joining the new department, the first major task before Kamlesh was to conduct the recruitments for the post of lecturers in government schools. The posts were lying vacant for a long time, and the government wanted to fill up the vacancies without further delay as it was one of the poll promises made by the present government. The recruitment process took place successfully under the supervision of Kamlesh. The concerned minister congratulated Kamlesh and informed him that the appointment letters will be allocated to the successful candidates in a ceremony which will be presided by the CM himself. Kamlesh was happy that his work was getting recognition at the highest level. One day, Kamlesh was sitting in his office when his secretary brought him a letter from a leading investigative journalist of the state. The letter dealt with the recently conducted recruitment of the lecturers. Kamlesh was shocked at the content of the letter. The investigative journalist had alleged that the question paper of the exam was leaked to a few successful candidates, who had also forged their documents to appear in the exam. The letter also highlighted a nexus of middlemen, politicians, and civil servants who facilitate such illicit practices. Moreover, the investigative journalist had also attached credible proofs. Kamlesh corroborated the facts of the letters from his own sources and found the allegations to be true prima facie. Since the matter was serious and warranted immediate action, Kamlesh brought the matter to the notice of his minister. To his surprise, the minister asked him to sit over the matter for some time. Minister reasoned that bringing out this matter will bring ignominy not only to the department but also to the government. Further, the minister reasoned that cancelling the whole recruitment process will be detrimental for the education department, schools etc; also, the sincere and honest candidates who have invested a lot of time and money for preparation may also get affected negatively. He also reminded Kamlesh that the participation of the CM has already been announced. After leaving the minister's office, Kamlesh got a phone call from Minister's Personal Secretary (PS). The PS hinted to Kamlesh that the concerned candidates were closely connected to the ruling political party, and going against them may create professional troubles for Kamlesh. On the other hand, his cooperation in this matter, the PS assured, will not go unnoticed and will be handsomely rewarded. Kamlesh had just settled in his new posting. He knows that going against the wish of the Minister may cause him his present posting. What was more, Kamlesh's father is undergoing treatment in a local hospital. A shunting out from the district would mean that his father would have to be left alone to fend for himself. Further, Kamlesh's wife Priya, also a bureaucrat, is posted in the Chief Minister's Office (CMO). Kamlesh realises that his actions will also have a bearing on her career as well.\na) Bring out various ethical dilemmas faced by Kamlesh.\nb) Consider yourself in Kamlesh's position. What are the various options available to you?\nc) Critically evaluate each of the option listed by you.\nd) Which of the above option should Kamlesh adopt and why?","20","20"],[41,"a) कमलेश द्वारा सामना की गई विभिन्न नैतिक दुविधाओं को उजागर करें।\nb) अपने आप को कमलेश की स्थिति में समझें। आपके लिए विभिन्न विकल्प क्या उपलब्ध हैं?\nc) आपके द्वारा सूचीबद्ध प्रत्येक विकल्प का आलोचनात्मक मूल्यांकन करें।\nd) कमलेश को उपरोक्त में से कौन सा विकल्प अपनाना चाहिए और क्यों?","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[46,"Q.10 XYZ is a premiere coaching institute located in Chatterjee Nagar locality of Himnagar. XYZ specialises in the coaching for medical and engineering entrance examination. The main office of the coaching, where the daily classes are conducted, is located in a congested locality, from where several other coaching institutes also operate.\nOne day, while classes were in session in the top floor of the building and some 200 odd students were in attendance, a fire broke out in the premises of XYZ coaching. The fire incident created a commotion among those present in the building. Everyone, in a state of confusion, started running helter-skelter. Some students rushed to the very narrow stairs. Many stumbled and fell, hurting themselves. The emergency exit plan of the building was not suitable to cater to the large number of students and staff. In order to save themselves from asphyxiation, some students broke the window of the classroom. However, in absence of a fire stairs they had to climb down using the balcony ledge. In the process, many students had a free fall and hurt themselves badly.\nWhile two boys lost their life due to stampede caused while exiting the building, one girl got fatally injured while climbing down the ledge. The civil administration immediately started an audit of the building. Joseph is posted as the Municipal Commissioner of Himnagar. Chatarjee Nagar falls under his jurisdiction. Joseph has ordered an enquiry into the whole incident.\nCoincidentally, Joseph's younger brother, Frank, is also a student of XYZ coaching. He was not present in the coaching during the fateful day. The owner of the XYZ coaching approaches Joseph and requests him to be lenient in the enquiry report. They propose that looking at the good track record of Frank they are willing to give him a scholarship to fund not only his coaching fees but also his graduation from any college in the country. They also promise that since Frank is a sincere student, they will dedicate their top faculty to ensure that Frank comes out with flying colours in the coming under graduate entrance examination.\nJoseph knows that his brother has repeatedly failed in the entrance examinations earlier and a special focus will help him immensely. Also, Joseph himself was under student debt, which he was still paying in small instalments from his own salary. Recently married, and having risen from a poor family, Joseph has always worried about funding his brother's education.\na) Identify various ethical concerns in the case study.\nb) You are a friend of Joseph. Joseph turns to you for advice. What advice will you give to Joseph and why?","20","20"],[47,"a) मामले के अध्ययन में विभिन्न नैतिक चिंताओं की पहचान करें।\nb) आप जोसेफ के मित्र हैं। जोसेफ सलाह के लिए आपके पास आता है। आप जोसेफ को क्या सलाह देंगे और क्यों?","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[52,"Q.11 Kamal is an Indian Administrative Service (IAS) officer. He has been recently transferred as the Municipal commissioner of the Kartavya Nagar Municipality. Kamal is an honest and no nonsense officer. He has been known for having a tough stance against corruption, lethargy, and indiscipline at the workplace. In his new responsibility as the Municipal commissioner, Kamal finds that the day-to-day functioning of the municipal office is in a very sorry state. The inefficiency and ineffectiveness have brought matters to such a pass that even the basic responsibilities like cleanliness of the city, upkeep of public places, redressal of grievances etc., are not fulfilled. Upon enquiring, Kamal finds that the reason for rampant indiscipline and corruption in the municipal office is primarily a group of errant employees. While they do not work themselves, they also create nuisance in the office, thereby disrupting the work of other sincere employees. Moreover, it also comes to Kamal's knowledge that these employees indulge in corrupt practices by demanding bribes from people for petty tasks. Further, Kamal has noticed that the undisciplined employees come to office late, leave early and also remain absent from work without permission. Kamal gets to know that the ringleader of these employees is a close relative of a local MLA. In order to improve the working condition of the municipal office, Kamal warns the mischievous employees to mend their troublesome ways or to face strict disciplinary actions. However, Kamal's warning has little effect on the thick-skinned employees, who continue to work in their wayward ways. Finally, Kamal issues a show cause notice to all the troublesome employees for their various acts of indiscipline. As a retaliatory measure, a woman employee amongst these troublemakers' files a complaint of sexual harassment against Kamal with the Women's commission. The commission has asked for Kamal's explanation in this matter. Also, this fabricated matter is publicised in the media to embarrass Kamal further. Moreover, the MLA begins pressuring Kamal to go soft on these employees. Some of the options before Kamal to handle this situation could be as follows:\ni) Give his explanation to the Commission and go soft on the disciplinary action.\nii) Ignore the commission and proceed firmly with the disciplinary action.\niii) Brief his higher-ups, seek directions from them and act accordingly\na) Evaluate all the above courses of action and suggest the best course of action, giving your reasons for it.\nb) What according to you are the reasons behind poor work culture in public offices? Also, recommend measures to improve the same.","20","20"],[53,"i) आयोग को अपना स्पष्टीकरण दें और अनुशासनात्मक कार्रवाई पर नरम हो जाएं।\nii) आयोग की उपेक्षा करें और अनुशासनात्मक कार्रवाई के साथ दृढ़ता से आगे बढ़ें।\niii) अपने उच्च अधिकारियों को सूचित करें, उनसे निर्देश प्राप्त करें और तदनुसार कार्य करें।\na) कार्यवाही के उपरोक्त सभी प्रारूपों का मूल्यांकन करें और इसके लिए अपने कारण बताते हुए कार्यवाही का सबसे अच्छा विकल्प सुझाएं।\nb) आपके अनुसार सार्वजनिक कार्यालयों में खराब कार्य संस्कृति के क्या कारण हैं? साथ ही इसमें सुधार के उपाय सुझाएं। (20 अंक, 250 शब्द)","20 अंक","250 शब्द"],[58,"Q.12 You are the managing director of an upcoming advertising company which has made a name for itself in the market in a very short time. Varun is a star employee of your company who has consistently given good performance. Some of the most popular advertisements of the company, in recent times, have been an outcome of Varun's creative ideas. Since his joining, Varun has helped in almost doubling the revenues of the company, by bringing new clients and improving the brand equity of the company. You place high value in Varun's professional competence and are in the process of giving him a bigger responsibility in the company. However, you have been hearing rumours from various sections about the attitude of Varun towards his female colleagues. It has come to your notice that Varun is habitual of passing loose and lewd comments on the female employees of the company. Furthermore, Varun regularly sends indecent messages on phone to all the employees, including female workers. One day, Geetanjali, an employee working in Varun's team comes to you visibly disturbed. She complains to you about the repeated misbehaviour of Varun towards her. She informs you that Varun has on many occasions made undesirable physical advances towards her. She also tells that last evening before her shift was about to end, Varun called her in his cabin and tried to touch her inappropriately. She requests you to conduct an enquiry by the internal complaints committee (formed under POSH Act). She also tells you that in case appropriate action is not taken against Varun, she will be forced to resign from her position. You personally know Geetanjali as a dedicated and honest employee of the company. You are aware that she is the sole breadwinner of her family and has to support her teen-age brother and ailing mother. You also understand that unless the situation was really serious, Geetanjali would not have thought of resignation. On the other hand, an enquiry against Varun may affect the financial growth of the company. Also, you know that if Varun is fired for his actions, many big clients may leave the company.\na) What are the ethical issues involved in this case study?\nb) Evaluate the different options available to you. In this situation, which option will you adopt and why?\nc) What steps will you take to ensure a safer workplace for women in your company?","20","250"],[59,"a) इस केस अध्ययन में कौन से नैतिक मुद्दे शामिल हैं?\nb) आपके पास उपलब्ध विभिन्न विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन करें। ऐसी स्थिति में आप कौन सा विकल्प अपनाएंगे और क्यों?\nc) आपकी कंपनी में महिलाओं के लिए सुरक्षित कार्यस्थल सुनिश्चित करने के लिए आप क्या कदम उठाएंगे? (20 अंक, 250 शब्द)","20 अंक","250"]]},{"i":1041,"t":"Shubham Kumar","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1gCh80iKxKWSdD_bqQ4a0aibkSmcmjOQd/view","q":[[3,"1. (a) Highlighting the attributes of leadership, analyse why it is important for a civil servant.","10","not more than 150"],[5,"1. (b) A civil servant needs to be objective as well as empathetic. What do you understand by objectivity? Discuss its relationship with empathy.","10",""],[7,"2. (a) With rapidly increasing use of information technology, what according to you is the role of ethics in cyber space?","10",""],[9,"2. (b) Transparency in government organisations is an essential pre-condition for good governance. Elucidate.","10",""],[11,"3. Given below are quotations of moral thinkers/philosophers. Bring out what they mean to you in the present context:\n(a) A nation should not be judged by how it treats its highest citizens, but its lowest ones. Nelson Mandela.","10",""],[13,"3. (b) The highest education is that which does not merely give us information but makes our life in harmony with all existence. Rabindranath Tagore (10)","10",""],[15,"4. (a) For achieving success, attitude is equally, if not more important than ability. Discuss with the help of examples from your daily life.","10",""],[17,"4. (b) The core of high Emotional Intelligence is self-awareness. If you don't understand your own motivations and behaviours, it is nearly impossible to develop an understanding of others. Discuss with the help of appropriate examples.","10",""],[19,"5. (a) What do you understand by Integrity Pacts? Highlight the role they can play in bringing transparency in allotment of public contracts and ensuring proper utilization of public funds in India.","10",""],[21,"5. (b) In the context of rapid technological change, discuss the significance of inculcating moral and spiritual values in educational institutions.","10",""],[23,"6. Explain the main elements of integral humanism as propounded by Deen Dayal Upadhyay and highlight its contemporary relevance.","10",""],[25,"7. It is imperative for a country like India, that code of ethics should be implemented for civil servants on social media platforms as well. Discuss.","10",""],[27,"8. Discuss how effective corporate governance can ensure the equitable treatment of all stakeholders.","10",""],[29,"9. You are posted as the Superintendent of Police (SP) in a district of a state where alcohol prohibition has been imposed recently. The District Excise department has conducted many raids and seized liquor in large quantities, for which it has received state-wide public appreciation. A few months later reports surface in the media that in this district, hundreds of seized bottles of illicit liquor are missing from the government malkhanas or stores. As a result, the government is left red-faced. You are asked by the DM, who is the overall in-charge of the district excise setup, to investigate the matter. Upon investigation, you unearth a nexus of politicians and government officials who smuggled seized liquor and sold it through spurious means both inside and outside the state. In this context, evaluate these options:\n1. Report your findings to the DM and seek instructions for further actions, stating clearly the criminal offences committed prima facie.\n2. Charge all accused under legal provisions and let the law take its own course.\n3. Being aware of the seriousness of the matter, discretely put the detailed investigation report in the public domain and expose the nexus.\n4. Also, suggest, without restricting yourself to the given options, the final course of action that you would prefer.","20","in around 250"],[34,"10. You are posted as a District Magistrate in a Left Wing Extremism (LWE) affected district. The district has witnessed many instances of violence by the naxalites in the past. It has been observed that instances of violence increase as the elections approach. You, as a Returning Officer, are responsible for the smooth conduct of elections. Soon after the announcement of elections, the naxalites gave a call for their boycott and have been threatening people to stay away from them. The people of the district are eager to exercise their voting rights but are scared of the impending acts of violence. Further, with threat to their lives and a low expected turnout, the other electoral officers are also reluctant to go to these areas.\nIn this context, answer the following:\n(a) Identify the civil service values that are crucial for working in such adversities.\n(b) Suggest a plan of action to ensure the conduct of free and fair elections in such a situation.","20",""],[39,"11. You are posted as a District Magistrate in a district, where many large factories and commercial establishments are located. One such factory is owned by one of your close friends. You visit each other's home frequently and are often seen in public together. Recently, media reported about poor working conditions in your friend's factory. Upon enquiry with the labor office, you come to know that the factory has witnessed frequent labour unrests in the past as well. However, the labour officer told you that he was hesitating to take any action due to your proximity with the owner of the factory. With reference to the facts of the case, answer the following questions:\n(a) Identifying the stakeholders and public cause, discuss the ethical issues involved in the case.\n(b) As the District Magistrate, what appropriate course of action will you take? Give reasons for the same.","20",""],[44,"12. You are a resident of a remote tribal district, where there is high incidence of malnutrition. As a remedial measure, the District Magistrate has initiated a programme to promote millet cultivation, especially on the lands currently lying fallow in the district. However, this well-intentioned move of the officer receives flak from the local tribals as this may not only change their age-old food habits, but also alter their traditional agricultural practices. They further cite lower remunerative prices of millets as another reason for continuing with their existing crop production pattern. As a civil servant aspirant, who has a keen interest in development of tribal areas, answer the following questions:\n(a) What according to you are the key issues and challenges involved in the above situation?\n(b) Identify the key stakeholders and their respective interests.\n(c) Suggest a course of action that the District Magistrate can take keeping in mind the larger tribal interests.","20",""],[49,"13. You have recently been posted as a District Labour Officer in a state, which derives a substantial revenue from tourism. You come to know that a big hotel in the area has not been paying wages as per the Minimum Wages Act. The hotel owner is a powerful local leader having contacts with many influential officials of the state. You have the power to take sou-moto cognizance of such violations and accordingly you initiate a preliminary enquiry into the matter. However, no worker is willing to come forward to lodge a formal complaint because they fear loss of employment. Meanwhile, your action has attracted notice of the higher authorities, and you are advised to drop the matter altogether. You are deeply concerned about the situation as it involves not only violation of the Minimum Wages Act but also denial of basic human rights of the worker.\n(a) Identify the issues involved in the given case.\n(b) Consider the options given below:\n1. Follow the informal advise of the higher authorities.\n2. Convince the owner of the hotel to take note of these violations and take appropriate remedial measures.\n3. Submit a detailed report on the matter highlighting violations of workers' rights and seek formal directions from the competent authority.\n4. Serve a notice to the hotel owner and initiate action as per your powers under the Minimum Wages Act.","20",""],[54,"14. You are the Chairman of a Committee, constituted by the government, to suggest measures to improve the quality of education in state-run schools. In view of the increasing dropout rate and the widening gap between students' learning ability in state-run and private schools, answer the following questions:\n(a) Examine the role of government in the education sector, especially providing primary and secondary education through state-run schools.\n(b) Identify the principles and values that would guide your recommendations in this regard.\n(c) Suggest some ways in which quality of education in state-run schools can be improved.","20",""]]},{"i":1042,"t":"Shubham Kumar","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1dSRwsPMFZKS7ehMm7jBWt9cbbdjv91Mo/view","q":[[3,"1. (a) Man is not only a product of his environment but can also modify the environment. Do you agree with this view? Justify your answer with suitable examples.","10","150"],[5,"1. (b) Though it may seem that accountability and efficiency are antithetical to each other, accountability is a sine qua non for good governance. Discuss.","10","150"],[7,"2. (a) Gandhian ideals can be of immense help in dealing with the Covid-19 pandemic. Evaluate.","10","150"],[9,"2. (b) While civil servants have the legal right to undertake post-retirement jobs, it raises key ethical issues. Comment.","10","150"],[11,"3. Given below are quotations of moral thinkers/philosophers. Bring out what they mean to you in the present context:\n(a) Try not to become a man of success but rather try to become a man of value. Albert Einstein","10","150"],[13,"3. (b) Having knowledge of an unethical act and allowing it to continue can spread a contagion that can affect multiple beings in society. Bertrand Russell","10","150"],[15,"4. (a) When people use a common resource without a coordinated plan the result is often a tragedy of the commons in which the resource is depleted. In this context, discuss the various ethical challenges arising out of utilization of Global Commons.","10","150"],[16,"Who owns global commons?","",""],[17,"4. (b) While a code of conduct merely establishes minimal standards of conduct, a better strategy to promote ethical work culture is through internalization of values. Discuss.","10","150"],[19,"5. (a) A state that does not have the political will and the discipline to enforce probity in governance, can not get rid of the menace of prolonged corruption. Discuss.","10","150"],[21,"5. (b) India cannot march successfully in to the 21st century with the administrative system having a colonial mindset. Discuss in context of the bureaucratic work culture in India.","10","150"],[23,"6. Which corporate leader has inspired you the most and what moral lessons have you learnt from their life?","10","150"],[25,"7. Increasing participation of people in governance and easy access to information is what transforms governance to good governance. Elaborate.","10","150"],[27,"8. It is sometimes believed that moral scrupulousness in one's private life automatically guarantees high moral stature in professional life. Do you agree? Justify your stand with logical arguments.","10","150"],[29,"9 You are working as a District Magistrate in an aspirational district where women literacy and sex ratio is one of the lowest in the country. It is brought to your notice that a woman who has been elected as 'Sarpanch' on a seat reserved for women candidates in a panchayat in your district is head 'only on the paper'. All the work related to the panchayat is actually carried out by her husband. Even the flag hoisting ceremony on Independence Day is carried out by her husband. However, her husband happens to be a good administrator as indicated by that panchayat's performance on various developmental parameters as compared to other panchayats in the district. Also, her husband enjoys the support of the local people. Given the situation, answer the following:\n(a) Identify the stakeholders and issues involved in this case?\n(b) What options are available to you as the District Magistrate in such a scenario? Also, evaluate each option and indicate what option will you choose.","20","around 250"],[34,"10. The issues confronting humanity are multifaceted - from political conflicts and human rights abuses to pandemics and climate change. They are not contained within national borders, nor do they fit into the silos of separate government agencies or academic specialties. What is required is greater international cooperation, mutual respect, abiding by international laws and participative global decision-making. However, over the last decade, it has been observed that international relations have overshadowed these basic tenets of global governance and now we are at the verge of serious global catastrophic risks. When it comes to the structures of global governance, business as usual, is no longer an option. Not only an improvement in our understanding of risks is required but also taking responsibility to lead collective action for a coordinated global response.\n(a) What do you think are the factors hindering collective actions?\n(b) Provide a case for the moral obligation of the international community to come together and find solutions to the problems we face.\n(c) What should be the principles guiding such international cooperation?","20",""],[39,"11. You are posted as Superintendent of Police in a district. A case has come up in which more than 30 girls were allegedly raped and sexually exploited at the city shelter home run by an NGO. The scandal came to light when media flagged complaints of sexual abuse of inmates of the city shelter home. A nexus of police, politicians, administration and criminals have been allegedly responsible for the racket going on for the last few years. In light of this, a lot of protests have erupted across the city. While, on one hand, media glare has meant that people are demanding swift action, you have been asked to go slow in investigating the case by top officers in your department. Elections in the state are due in a few months, so it has become a politically sensitive issue. You are also under immense political pressure from the ruling party to not take strict action and make compromises to cover up the case. Given the situation, answer the following:\n(a) Identify the issues involved in the case.\n(b) What are the options available to you? Which of these options will you choose? Justify your stand with logical arguments.","20",""],[44,"12. Being the senior-most IAS officer, you are in line to be promoted as Chief Secretary after the incumbent retires in the next two months. Currently, you are heading the Public Works Department (PWD) and a road construction project worth crores has been opened for tender. A company X belonging to the son-in-law of the incumbent Chief Minister has also applied for the same. The director in charge of the screening process, a young IAS officer, has reported that company Y and the state PSU have submitted the best bids. Both you and the director are facing political pressure to favour the company X. The young IAS officer may be demoralised if you give in to the pressure. But if you don't give in then he may be transferred and your chances of promotion may also suffer. In light of the situation, answer the following:\n(a) Discuss the ethical issues faced by you in the given case.\n(b) What are the options available to you? Which of these options will you choose? Justify your stand with logical arguments.","20",""],[49,"13. As the head of the Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV), you are tasked to complete the construction of a power plant. The project needs to be completed expeditiously to fulfil the promise made by the government to ensure access to power for all. The selected site is in a remote area and is ideal for plant construction. However, the project would require relocation of the people living in the vicinity. Initially, the local community objected to disruption in their lives but were convinced later about the economic benefits that would accrue to the region through this plant. The project had started gathering pace, but recently a local NGO working for environment protection got involved with the local community regarding the issue. And now the local community has started protesting against any developmental activity in the region. As the officer-in-charge for the speedy execution of the project, answer the following:\n(a) What are the issues involved in this case?\n(b) What course of action will you take and why?","20",""],[54,"14. Genetic editing has several applications with its potential to edit the genomes of both somatic and germ cells. This allows for the ability to not only cure genetic diseases but to edit the characteristics of future offspring. The last few years have seen the development of several efficient, more precise genetic engineering techniques. However, with growing sophistication, various issues of bioethics have also have come to the forefront.\n(a) Discuss the ethical considerations associated with genome editing.\n(b) In the light of these ethical issues, provide an ethical framework on how this technology can be used for the betterment of humanity.","20",""]]},{"i":1043,"t":"Shubham Kumar","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1pelxtCWFu8kAcP8WQxWbAsLJqumNBRs3/view","q":[[3,"1. (a) Man is not only a product of his environment but can also modify the environment. Do you agree with this view? Justify your answer with suitable examples.","10","150"],[5,"1. (b) Though it may seem that accountability and efficiency are antithetical to each other, accountability is a sine qua non for good governance. Discuss.","10","150"],[7,"2. (a) Gandhian ideals can be of immense help in dealing with the Covid-19 pandemic. Evaluate.","10","150"],[9,"2. (b) While civil servants have the legal right to undertake post-retirement jobs, it raises key ethical issues. Comment.","10","150"],[11,"3. Given below are quotations of moral thinkers/philosophers. Bring out what they mean to you in the present context:\n(a) Try not to become a man of success but rather try to become a man of value. Albert Einstein","10","150"],[13,"3. (b) Having knowledge of an unethical act and allowing it to continue can spread a contagion that can affect multiple beings in society. Bertrand Russell","10","150"],[15,"4. (a) When people use a common resource without a coordinated plan the result is often a tragedy of the commons in which the resource is depleted. In this context, discuss the various ethical challenges arising out of utilization of Global Commons.","10","150"],[16,"Who owns global commons?","",""],[17,"4. (b) While a code of conduct merely establishes minimal standards of conduct, a better strategy to promote ethical work culture is through internalization of values. Discuss.","10","150"],[19,"5. (a) A state that does not have the political will and the discipline to enforce probity in governance, can not get rid of the menace of prolonged corruption. Discuss.","10","150"],[21,"5. (b) India cannot march successfully in to the 21st century with the administrative system having a colonial mindset. Discuss in context of the bureaucratic work culture in India.","10","150"],[23,"6. Which corporate leader has inspired you the most and what moral lessons have you learnt from their life?","10","150"],[25,"7. Increasing participation of people in governance and easy access to information is what transforms governance to good governance. Elaborate.","10","150"],[27,"8. It is sometimes believed that moral scrupulousness in one's private life automatically guarantees high moral stature in professional life. Do you agree? Justify your stand with logical arguments.","10","150"],[29,"9 You are working as a District Magistrate in an aspirational district where women literacy and sex ratio is one of the lowest in the country. It is brought to your notice that a woman who has been elected as 'Sarpanch' on a seat reserved for women candidates in a panchayat in your district is head 'only on the paper'. All the work related to the panchayat is actually carried out by her husband. Even the flag hoisting ceremony on Independence Day is carried out by her husband. However, her husband happens to be a good administrator as indicated by that panchayat's performance on various developmental parameters as compared to other panchayats in the district. Also, her husband enjoys the support of the local people. Given the situation, answer the following:\n(a) Identify the stakeholders and issues involved in this case?\n(b) What options are available to you as the District Magistrate in such a scenario? Also, evaluate each option and indicate what option will you choose.","20","around 250"],[34,"10. The issues confronting humanity are multifaceted - from political conflicts and human rights abuses to pandemics and climate change. They are not contained within national borders, nor do they fit into the silos of separate government agencies or academic specialties. What is required is greater international cooperation, mutual respect, abiding by international laws and participative global decision-making. However, over the last decade, it has been observed that international relations have overshadowed these basic tenets of global governance and now we are at the verge of serious global catastrophic risks. When it comes to the structures of global governance, business as usual, is no longer an option. Not only an improvement in our understanding of risks is required but also taking responsibility to lead collective action for a coordinated global response.\n(a) What do you think are the factors hindering collective actions?\n(b) Provide a case for the moral obligation of the international community to come together and find solutions to the problems we face.\n(c) What should be the principles guiding such international cooperation?","20",""],[39,"11. You are posted as Superintendent of Police in a district. A case has come up in which more than 30 girls were allegedly raped and sexually exploited at the city shelter home run by an NGO. The scandal came to light when media flagged complaints of sexual abuse of inmates of the city shelter home. A nexus of police, politicians, administration and criminals have been allegedly responsible for the racket going on for the last few years. In light of this, a lot of protests have erupted across the city. While, on one hand, media glare has meant that people are demanding swift action, you have been asked to go slow in investigating the case by top officers in your department. Elections in the state are due in a few months, so it has become a politically sensitive issue. You are also under immense political pressure from the ruling party to not take strict action and make compromises to cover up the case. Given the situation, answer the following:\n(a) Identify the issues involved in the case.\n(b) What are the options available to you? Which of these options will you choose? Justify your stand with logical arguments.","20",""],[44,"12. Being the senior-most IAS officer, you are in line to be promoted as Chief Secretary after the incumbent retires in the next two months. Currently, you are heading the Public Works Department (PWD) and a road construction project worth crores has been opened for tender. A company X belonging to the son-in-law of the incumbent Chief Minister has also applied for the same. The director in charge of the screening process, a young IAS officer, has reported that company Y and the state PSU have submitted the best bids. Both you and the director are facing political pressure to favour the company X. The young IAS officer may be demoralised if you give in to the pressure. But if you don't give in then he may be transferred and your chances of promotion may also suffer. In light of the situation, answer the following:\n(a) Discuss the ethical issues faced by you in the given case.\n(b) What are the options available to you? Which of these options will you choose? Justify your stand with logical arguments.","20",""],[49,"13. As the head of the Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV), you are tasked to complete the construction of a power plant. The project needs to be completed expeditiously to fulfil the promise made by the government to ensure access to power for all. The selected site is in a remote area and is ideal for plant construction. However, the project would require relocation of the people living in the vicinity. Initially, the local community objected to disruption in their lives but were convinced later about the economic benefits that would accrue to the region through this plant. The project had started gathering pace, but recently a local NGO working for environment protection got involved with the local community regarding the issue. And now the local community has started protesting against any developmental activity in the region. As the officer-in-charge for the speedy execution of the project, answer the following:\n(a) What are the issues involved in this case?\n(b) What course of action will you take and why?","20",""],[54,"14. Genetic editing has several applications with its potential to edit the genomes of both somatic and germ cells. This allows for the ability to not only cure genetic diseases but to edit the characteristics of future offspring. The last few years have seen the development of several efficient, more precise genetic engineering techniques. However, with growing sophistication, various issues of bioethics have also have come to the forefront.\n(a) Discuss the ethical considerations associated with genome editing.\n(b) In the light of these ethical issues, provide an ethical framework on how this technology can be used for the betterment of humanity.","20",""]]},{"i":1044,"t":"Shubhankar Pathak","c":"Raus","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1DnYdB7Uo1rWdRyT8xprDhlyYEorRJ5nf/view","q":[[4,"1.(a) Why do people engage in unethical acts? (150 words)","","150"],[6,"1.(b) Explain the relevance of 'Sarva Dharma Sama Bhava' philosophy in the present time. (150 words)","10","150"],[8,"2.(a) Nobody gets to be good at something without effort, no matter what your aptitude is. Discuss.","10","150"],[10,"2.(b) \"A person cannot do right in one department, whilst attempting to do wrong in another department. Life is one indivisible whole.\" In this context, give the concept of integrity. (150 words)","10","150"],[12,"3.(a) \"Educating the mind without educating the heart is no education at all.\" - Aristotle.\nExplain this idea in the context of moral education. (150 words)","10","150"],[14,"3.(b) Which is more important for success - vision or action? Explain.","","150"],[16,"4.(a) Do you think adversity is the mirror that reflects a man's character? Discuss.","","150"],[18,"4.(b) Perform all the actions with the mind concentrated on the divine, renouncing attachment, and looking upon success and failure with an equal eye. Discuss in the context of public services in India.","10","150"],[20,"5.(a) What are the ethical aspects concerning the Right to Internet Access? (150 words)","","150"],[22,"5.(b) What are the ethical issues involved in the marketing practices adopted by the private sector while selling different goods and services in India? Illustrate with the help of examples. How can these issues be resolved? (150 words)","10","150"],[24,"6.(a) What does each of the following quotations mean to you in the present context?\n \"When injustice becomes law, resistance becomes duty.\" - Thomas Jefferson. (150 words)","","150"],[26,"6.(b) What does each of the following quotations mean to you in the present context?\n \"It takes 20 years to build a reputation and five minutes to ruin it. If you think about that, you'll do things differently.\" - Warren Buffett.","10","150"],[28,"6.(c) What does each of the following quotations mean to you in the present context?\n \"The secret of happiness you see does not lie in seeking more, but in developing the capacity to enjoy less.\" - Socrates. (150 words)","","150"],[30,"7. Monika is a District Collector (DC) of a coastal region in southern India. An NGO has approached her regarding a complaint of illegal construction near a famous lake lying under her area of jurisdiction. When she enquired into the case, she found that high-rise apartments have been constructed eight years back, but they are in violation of the Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) norms. The owners had bought the highly expensive apartments after obtaining all permissions and licenses from the administration at that time. Thus, it may appear wrong to punish them for the possible mistakes committed by the builders and others, but not taking action may also set a wrong precedent.\n\nAny action or inaction on part of the district administration can have serious repercussions on the ecosystem, especially in the wake of the back-to-back floods that have ravaged the whole state over the last two years, triggering landslides leading to massive loss of life and property. Evaluate different options available with Monika and explain what shall be her action plan.","20","250"],[34,"8. Delhi witnessed an unprecedented clash between the police personnel and the lawyers, following an argument over parking at the Tis Hazari Court complex. In the aftermath, the blockade of the Delhi Police Headquarters by its personnel and the disruption of the courts almost led to a governance breakdown in the national capital. It also led to violence in which people from both sides were injured and public property was damaged. Such kind of ego clashes and emotional bursts is usually not expected from the professionals. What, in your opinion, are the major causes behind this incident? Suppose you are the Commissioner of Delhi Police. What steps can you take so that such incident is not repeated?","20","250"],[38,"9. Divorce rates have spiked recently in India. Though, they are still low in comparison to many other countries, yet they have become a matter of concern for the Indian society. Divorce petitions have gone up manifold and most are being sought over spur-of-the-moment emotional outbursts and in some cases over trivial issues. Reasons for divorce have also changed from the past. Such negative developments are deteriorating the basic fibre of the social institution of marriage.\n\nAnalyze this problem in detail from different perspectives and indicate various social, psychological and economic factors responsible for this problem. Also, distinctly bring out - (250 words)\n(a) Why divorce rates are high, especially in the urban areas, when compared to the rural areas?\n(b) Why divorce rate is high even in the cases of love marriages?\n(c) What steps can be taken to stop the couples from taking such strong decisions?","20","250"],[42,"10. Mr. Raghav is working under the Ministry of External Affairs as an Officer on Special Duty (OSD) for the South Asia region. A case has been referred to him regarding a business tycoon Mr. Raman of a neighboring country, who is presently residing in India.\nMr. Raman is a big businessman from Sri Lanka and has businesses in many countries, including India. He has invested a lot in India, creating infrastructure and jobs for the youth. Also, he has donated a lot in charity, whenever problem had been there in India.\nHowever, the Sri Lankan Government has requested India seeking the deportation of Mr. Raman, against whom a non-bailable warrant has been issued in a money-laundering investigation. Mr. Raman has been declared as a proclaimed offender by many public sector banks for non-payment of loans. He is also accused of cheating thousands of people and tax evasion by the Enforcement Directorate. His passport has been revoked by the Sri Lankan government, but his Indian visa is still valid.\nThe Indian government has asked Mr. Raghav to resolve the situation. Analyze the situation and explain what action shall be taken by Mr. Raghav to resolve the situation. The following are some suggested options. Evaluate the merits and demerits of each of the options.\n(i) Mr. Raghav should advice the government not to take any action against Mr. Raman.\n(ii) He should ask the Sri Lankan Government to initiate extradition process, which will take a lot of time.\n(iii) He should ask the Sri Lankan Government to provide evidence to prove Mr. Raman guilty.\n(iv) He should ask the government to help Sri Lanka to deport Mr. Raman.","20","250"],[43,"6 भारत सरकार ने श्री राघव से स्थिति का समाधान करने को कहा है। स्थिति का विश्लेषण कीजिए और बताइए कि श्री राघव के द्वारा स्थिति को हल करने के लिए क्या कार्रवाई की जाएगी। निम्नलिखित कुछ सुझाए गए विकल्प हैं। प्रत्येक विकल्प के गुणों और दोषों का मूल्यांकन कीजिए। (250 शब्द)\n(i) श्री राघव सरकार को श्री रमन के विरुद्ध कोई कार्रवाई न करने की सलाह देनी चाहिए।\n(ii) उन्हें श्री लंका सरकार से प्रत्यर्पण प्रक्रिया आरंभ करने के लिए कहना चाहिए जिसमें काफी समय लगेगा।\n(iii) उन्हें श्री रमन को दोषी सिद्ध करने के लिए श्री लंका सरकार से साक्ष्य/प्रमाण देने के लिए कहना चाहिए।\n(iv) उन्हें सरकार से श्री रमन को निर्वासित करने में श्री लंका की सहायता करने के लिए कहना चाहिए।","","250 शब्द"],[46,"11. What are the ethical issues involved in the case? Write your stand on the same and also suggest measures to tackle the menace. (250 words)","20","250"],[50,"12. You have been appointed as the District Magistrate (DM) of a region in the eastern part of India. Being a DM, you have the authority to issue arms license (or deny it) to those who apply for it. In the last few days, your office is receiving many applications from doctors and businessmen for issuing a license for gun. When you enquired into the matter, you found that most of these people are victims of extortion and protection money demanded by the local goons. If not paid, these people are beaten up or sometimes even shot. Police is also not doing its part to control the situation.\n\nExplain, what can be the various repercussions of issuing or not issuing the gun license to these people. Also analyze the various repercussions such crimes have on the society and the economy. What steps can you take as a DM to control the situation? (250 words)","20","250"]]},{"i":1045,"t":"Shubhankar Patilak","c":"Raus","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1izhTHmA0IBatmB_L9tkVldQTTabfIsUQ/view","q":[[4,"1.(a) What do you understand by public life? What are its guiding principles?","10","150"],[6,"1.(b) Effective utilization of public funds is a critical determinant of good governance. What are the reasons for under-utilization and mis-utilization of public funds and their implications? (150 words)","10","150"],[8,"2.(a) Do you consider non-performance of duty by a public servant as corruption? Justify your answer. (150 words)","10","150"],[10,"2.(b) What is meant by the term \"Constitutional Morality\"? How does one uphold Constitutional Morality?","10","150"],[12,"3.(a) Citizen's Charter has introduced the principles of ethical governance but certain concerns still persist. In light of the above provide certain solution to rectify these challenges/ (150 words)","10","150"],[14,"3.(b) What is the concept 'probity' in governance? Suggest innovative measures for ensuring probity in government. (150 words)","10","150"],[16,"4.(a) Discuss how emotional intelligence helps in making one's emotions work in one's interest. (150 words)","10","150"],[18,"4.(b) What is meant by public interest? What are the principles and procedures to be followed by the civil servants in public interest?","10","150"],[20,"5.(a) How can you resolve ethical dilemma in Public Administration? Explain using ethical principles.","","150"],[22,"5.(b) \"Peacefulness in the face of a grave wrong that could only be stopped by violence would be a sin.\" - Saint Augustine. Bring out the relevance of the above-mentioned quote in the present context.","","150"],[24,"6. Truthfulness is considered as an important value. Do you think it is an absolute value? Or falsehood can take the place of truth when it results in unblemished common good? (150 words)","","150"],[28,"8. \"Darkness cannot drive out darkness: only light can do that. Hate cannot drive out hate: only love can do that.\" - Martin Luther King Jr. Bring out the relevance of the above-mentioned quote in the present context.","","150"],[30,"9. Mr. Sanjiv has been asked to prepare a report in this regard and suggest measures that can be taken by the Election Commission to enforce the MCC. In this context: (250 words)\n(a) Discuss the challenges violation of MCC brings about?\n(b) What steps can be taken to ensure that all political parties follow the MCC in word and spirit?","","250"],[34,"10. You are a third-year student in Delhi University. You are a very honest and sensitive person, who enjoys the trust and credibility of the teachers. Last year, a case of ragging brought lot of bad publicity to your college. It also led to the death of a first year Dalit student, who committed suicide after getting humiliated by his seniors. So, this year, the college is very serious to tackle this problem. Any act of ragging will lead to expulsion from the college and even jail term for a student. You have been appointed as one of the supervisors of the anti-ragging campaign.\n\nIn the second week of the new session, a first-year student approaches you and complains about ragging by some seniors. He tells you that the seniors humiliated him because of his caste. When you enquired deep, you found that it is your best friend who is involved in ragging. You know that your friend is good in studies and a bright future awaits him.\n\nWill you be a mute spectator and allow your friend to do ragging or will help the first-year student to get justice? Give reasons for your choice of action.","20","250"],[39,"11. You are a responsible district level officer in Maharashtra, who is known for his efficiency and innovations in resolving issues at the district level. Region under you is a drought prone area, where the major occupation of the people is agriculture. The Central Water Commission (CWC) has recently issued drought advisory for your district. It has asked for judicious use of water, as the water level available in the nearby reservoirs is reducing at a very fast rate.\n\nIn fact, this problem is re-occurring, and you want to have some long-term solution for it. Monsoon will take at least 50 days to reach your district and replenish the water reservoirs. What strategy can be adopted by you to redress the immediate problem and the steps that can be taken in the long-term to redress the issue permanently? (250 words)","","250"],[44,"12. Aditya is a famous Bollywood actor, who is very popular among the masses for the positive roles he plays in his movies. He has a clean image, which increases his credibility among the viewers. He is also an honest person, who always maintains his integrity. However, due to some unintentional technical glitches on his part, certain cases have been registered against him by the income tax department. The cases may lead to huge fine, as well as a small jail term, depending on the discretion of the judge.\nIn this context, the ruling political party has approached him for political campaigning in the upcoming elections. It also wants Aditya to openly support the party on different social media platforms. In return, the party is ensuring a large sum of money to Aditya, as well as diluting the ITR cases against him. Aditya himself is apolitical in nature, as he does not have much understanding of politics. How should Aditya respond to the situation?","20","250"],[48,"13. You are the CEO of a leading automobile company in India. Your company has launched a new car, which is the first of its kind in design and features and thus, has become an instant hit among the buyers. Your company has already sold two lakh cars and one lakh more have been booked in advance.\n\nHowever, within the first two months of the launch, the head of the technical department approaches you with the complaint about the airbags, which inflate up during the time of accident and save the passenger from getting injured. He told you that the airbags are over inflating due to some technical glitch and thus, are getting exploded. This explosion will hurt the passenger more, rather than saving him from the jerk of the accident.\n\nHowever, this problem will be difficult to get identified, as at the time of accident, everything happens very quickly and the passenger will not be able to observe the problem with the airbag. The company has also not received any complaint in this regard. The glitch can be removed, but it will cost huge money and recall of all the cars. The glitch can be removed from the upcoming cars and the probability is very low that it will get caught in the already sold cars.\n\nThe situation has put you in a dilemma, as calling back cars will have huge repercussions. What action you will take to resolve the situation? Justify your action.","20","250"],[53,"14. You are the administrative head of the Public Works Department of Delhi Government. The capital has always been the centre of government activities, which lead to huge influx of government employees on continuous basis, from different parts of India. Problems regarding their accommodation always persist for the department. In this context, a new project has come up in which redevelopment of the government colonies will be done. Redevelopment will lead to more judicious use of land and the replacement of old complexes, which are very old and thus, not safe. They also need lots of maintenance to remain in habitable condition.\nHowever, the project will lead to cutting of more than 11,000 trees in the area. The news of this has created a lot of public furor and the people are strongly objecting to the cutting of the trees. You have been assigned the task of completing the project in an amicable manner. In this context: (250 words)\n(a) What are the ethical issues involved in this situation?\n(b) How will you resolve them?","20","250"]]},{"i":770,"t":"Shubhanshi Singh","c":"Forumias","p":"Essay","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/SHUBHANSHI-SINGHUPSC_IAS_2025_Toppers_AIR_381_Sample_ESSAY_1.pdf","q":[[1,"SECTION - A\n1. Institutions reflect the cultural values of the societies in which they are established.\n2. He who has a 'why' to live for, can bear almost any 'how'.\n3. The power of perception shapes our understanding of reality.\n4. The tree that would grow to heaven must send its roots to hell.\n\nSECTION - B\n1. A mind that is stretched by a new experience can never go back to its old dimensions.\n2. One health approach: a call for ecological equity.\n3. Culture can unite what history and geography has divided.\n4. Social evils have not completely left the ground, instead are changing their form.","",""],[2,"3. The power of perception shapes our understanding of reality","",""]]},{"i":772,"t":"Shubhanshi Singh","c":"Forumias","p":"GS3","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/SHUBHANSHI-SINGHUPSC_IAS_2025_Toppers_AIR_381_Sample_MGP_2.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) Investment in infrastructure is a precursor to social and economic transformation; however, the focus on economic gains must not marginalise the concerns for safety. Comment.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) What do you understand from Green growth? With special reference to the budget 2023-2024, discuss various government measures to propel green growth in the country.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) Project cheetal marks a departure from India's efforts for conservation of various critically-endangered species. In this perspective, do you think the reintroduction of major fauna that has gone extinct is justified?","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) In what ways can precision agriculture become a panacea for multipronged challenges plaguing the agriculture sector? Discuss. Also, analyse various impediments in widespread adoption of precision farming in India.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) What are the reasons for increasing emphasis on the horticulture sector in recent years? Evaluate government measures for the development of the horticulture sector.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6 Unplanned urbanization has made Indian cities vulnerable to fire safety hazards. Discuss and recommend measures for mitigating urban fires, with special reference to national building code, 2016.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7 DPI (Digital Public Infrastructure) is indispensable for digitally enabling citizens and businesses; however, the challenges of exclusion, exploitation, and monopolisation cannot be ignored. Examine.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) Assess the relevance of the NISAR mission in observing and managing climate change and natural hazards.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9) Defense indigenization remains the Achilles heel of India's security architecture. Examine the importance of startups in defense sector to make India secure and self-reliant.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10 Edge in modern warfare lies not so much in the capacity to overwhelm the adversary as much in the ability to nip the threat in the bud. In this context, discuss the role of intelligence in maintaining national security, and also cite challenges associated.","10","150"],[23,"Q11 Labour and export intensive industries are key to problems of jobless growth. In this perspective, analyse the opportunities and challenges associated with the textile sector.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12 In an era of interconnected challenges, the emerging global polycrisis poses significant implications for India's macroeconomic stability. Examine and suggest measures to make the Indian economy more resilient to global shocks and challenges.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 Do you think the low Female Labor Force Participation Rate presents a correct picture about the 'working women' in India's economy? Give reasons in support of your answer.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14) Across sectors and regions, the most marginalised sections are also the most affected by the impacts of climate change. Explain. Also, present a case for a climate resilient model of development that integrates mitigation and adaptation measures.","15","250"],[35,"Q.49 Despite the potential to check the triple whammy of nutritional deficiency, environmental degradation, and receding farm incomes, the adoption of Millets has been abysmally low. Analyse.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16 A link between unorganized farming community and formal industrial sector, Food Processing Industries (FPI) can play a key role in advancing the rural economy. Evaluate.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 A multi-sectoral and multi-tiered process, Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) is beset with a plethora of constraints. Identifying these constrains, recommend measures for building a robust DRR strategy.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 What do you understand by generative Artificial Intelligence (AI)? How can policymakers and regulatory bodies effectively address the concerns and challenges posed by generative AI?","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 Though ethnic fault lines are a major threat, security challenges in the North-East are not confined to the same. Discuss the statement with special reference to Manipur.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 Critically examine the role of development initiatives in addressing the root causes of militancy/terrorism in Jammu & Kashmir.","15","250"]]},{"i":771,"t":"Shubhanshi Singh","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/SHUBHANSHI-SINGHUPSC_IAS_2025_Toppers_AIR_381_Sample_MGP_1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) Celebrity endorsements raise pertinent ethical concerns about responsibility that delve into the realm of ethical considerations of social influence that run deeper than mere surface appeal. In this context, suggest measures to tackle the ethical challenges of celebrity brand endorsements.","10","150"],[5,"b) Embracing a scientific mindset involves setting aside impulsive inclinations in favor of the pursuit of truth. In your view, how does the integration of scientific thinking contribute to addressing contemporary challenges and promoting societal progress? How can we effectively cultivate a scientific attitude in society?","10","150"],[7,"Q.2) a) In the realm of professional conduct, ethics plays a role that tends to go far beyond fulfilling the roles and responsibilities of the job with diligence and honesty. But some people consider professional competence as the only critical requirement for a job. If faced with a choice, who would you prefer to hire - someone with professional competence or one with strong moral values?","10","150"],[9,"b) Patriotism can hold different meanings for different people, often shaped by personal experiences and convictions. What does patriotism mean to you? Explain narrating incidents from your life when you exhibited patriotism.","10","150"],[11,"Q.3) a) Max Weber's concept of bureaucracy was developed in the early 20th century, but it still influences administrative structures today. In what ways do you see Weberian bureaucracy as relevant in today's rapidly changing world?","10","150"],[13,"Q.4) a) In the realm of governance, a crucial aspect is the art of persuasion. The qualities that make civil servants proficient persuaders empower them to fulfill their responsibilities in an effective manner. Discuss with illustrations.","10","150"],[15,"b) \"Global challenges often test the ethical fiber of nations, urging them to channel narrow pursuit of national-interest into an enlightened self-interest.\" Enumerating the various ethical principles underlying the concept of enlightened national-interest examine its efficacy in helping nations navigate the fine line between pursuing their strategic interests and upholding ethical principles, particularly in times of conflict?","10","150"],[17,"b) Differentiate between the following:\ni Conscientiousness and Conscience\nii Gratitude and Gratification","10","150"],[19,"Q.5) a) Corruption has multifaceted implications. Some consider it an undeniable vice, while others contend it to be an unavoidable necessity for navigating the bureaucratic complexities. In your opinion, does corruption oil or corrode the gears of development? Substantiate your arguments.","10","150"],[21,"b) Ethical hacking and malicious hacking stand as divergent paths with distinct motives, risk and consequences. As technology advances, it becomes imperative to comprehend the nuances that set these practices apart in the cybersecurity landscape. In this perspective, elucidate the principles that differentiate ethical hacking and malicious hacking.","10","150"],[23,"Q.6) What does each of the following quotation mean to you?\na) \"Our greatest ability as humans is not to change the world, but to change ourselves.\" - Mahatma Gandhi","10","150"],[25,"b) 'People know what they do; frequently they know why they do what they do; but what they don't know is what what they do does.' Michel Foucault","10","150"],[27,"c) \"I slept and dreamt that life was a joy. I awoke and saw that life was service. I acted and behold, service was a joy.\" Rabindra Nath Tagore","10","150"],[29,"Q.7 Even though the incidents of wars are detrimental to all, it is the women who have been the worst sufferers of all forms of human conflicts. Historical evidences from throughout the globe have highlighted the skewed vulnerability of women to violence in all its manifestations. In the medieval period, the situation of women remained particularly vulnerable; treated as second class citizens in comparison to men, their condition became particularly deplorable during wartime excesses. Invariably, women were considered as part of the plunder, leading to their sexual and psychological exploitation. Similarly, during the second world war, the then Imperial Japanese Army exploited women, pushing them into sexual slavery. These women were euphemistically termed as comfort women. The objectification of women as a commodity for comfort made their exploitation complete and absolute. Issue of comfort women, one of the largest incidents of human trafficking, continues to be a diplomatic flash point between South Korea and Japan. In contemporary times too, we get to see the manifestation of various social crimes against women. Dharmendra, a young District Magistrate, posted in Khainom, capital of Ranipur recently became witness to such an incident. Ranipur is one of the North Eastern states of India. Ranipur has a rich ethnic diversity consisting of both tribal and non-tribal population. Issues such as access and ownership over resources, settling of outsiders (non-tribals) in tribal areas, dominance/influence over government appointments etc., have remained the bone of contention between the tribal and non-tribal people. However, the matters came to a head when the demands from the non-tribal community for being recognized as tribals started gaining force. These demands were fiercely opposed by the tribals fearing that it will reinforce the positions of non-tribals; allow them to buy land in tribal areas and therefore will marginalize the already backward tribal community in the state. Within no time the situation took a communal turn. Khainom was particularly worst hit. In addition to the incidents of plunder and loot, Khainom gained global attention when a video of a tribal girl being sexually assaulted by non-tribal men surfaced in the social media. The video clearly depicted a group of 20-25 men molesting a tribal girl in front of entire village. A police car, and few police personnel were also visible in the video. The passivity of armed police personnel towards safeguarding the women was being severely criticised across all quarters. Even though this particular incident came into public domain, it was by no measure an isolated happening. Many such occurrences of targeting women from both the communities were reported throughout Ranipur. The political leadership of the state has taken cognizance of the events in Khainom. Dharmendra has been instructed to prepare a holistic plan to avoid such incidents in the future.\na) What recommendations should Dharmendra make to create a safe environment for the women?\nb) What are the factors that have led to victimization of women, especially during conflicts?","20","20"],[30,"a) महिलाओं के लिए सुरक्षित वातावरण बनाने के लिए धर्मेंद्र को क्या सिफारिशें करनी चाहिए?\nb) ये कौन से कारक हैं जिनके कारण महिलाओं को उत्पीड़न का सामना करना पड़ा। विशेषकर संघर्ष के दौरान?\na) महिलाओं के लिए सुरक्षित वातावरण बनाने के लिए धर्मेंद्र को क्या सिफारिशें करनी चाहिए?\nb) ये कौन से कारक हैं जिनके कारण महिलाओं को उत्पीड़न का सामना करना पड़ा। विशेषकर संघर्ष के दौरान?","20 अंक","250 शब्द"],[35,"Q.8) Manoj is a young boy studying in class tenth of Nav Bharti school. Even though Manoj is pursuing science stream, as desired by his parents, he has always been more inclined towards arts. His skills in various performing arts viz. music, dance etc., has always received high praises from his friends, teachers and relatives alike. It was his desire to make a name for himself in this field. However, when Manoj informed his parents about his dream, their reaction though disappointing, did not come as a surprise. His parents who have always desired to see him as an engineer, were vehemently against his wish to pursue performing arts as a career option. His father explained him that by being an engineer he can lead a financially rewarding life, which they themselves could never afford. Further, his father also belittled his dream by saying that music and dance did not constitute an honourable profession. Manoj's father also pointed out to Manoj that Praveen, Manoj's cousin, had settled with a high paying job after completing his engineering degree form a renowned university. Though Manoj never enjoyed studying mathematics and science, he did not want to go against his parent's wishes. Therefore, after completing his board exams, Manoj was sent to Pota. Over the years the reputation of Pota as the coaching hub for entrance examinations had grown far and wide. The determination of Manoj's parents to make their son an engineer was undeterred despite the high fees of the coaching centres in Pota. Therefore, in order to pay the high fees of the coaching institute, Manoj's parents mortgaged their only asset, the ancestral family land. Manoj tried to convince his father against it, but to no avail. In order to fulfil his parent's aspiration, Manoj started working hard and giving his best. However, despite his consistent and honest hard work, his performance in mock tests remained sub-par and could neither meet the expectations of the teachers in Pota nor that of his parents at home. In addition, due to the alienation from the environment of school, friends, and family Manoj started remaining depressed. Further, in Pota he did not get anytime for pursuing his hobbies in performing arts. He started keeping to himself and even avoided talking to his parents on phone. Even after two years of gruelling coaching regime, Manoj's condition remained unchanged. The situation came to such a pass that Manoj used to be in a constant fear of failure in the annual Engineering Entrance Examination (EEE). He was aware about the high financial stakes that the exam bore for his family. It was under this pressure that Manoj gave the EEE. Finally, the results were out, and Manoj was unable to make it to any prestigious engineering college. Even though the result was on the expected lines for Manoj, the realisation that he has failed in the examination crushed him mentally. What made the matters worse was the disappointment that Manoj noticed in his parent's voice over the phone. Manoj felt like a criminal in his mind who had squandered the scarce family resources. Unable to bear the pressure, Manoj took a fatal jump off the building of his hostel. He left behind a note apologising to his parents for being unable to fulfil their aspirations.\na) What are the qualities lacked by Manoj's parents?\nb) What qualities in a person can prevent him/her from taking the extreme step of committing suicide?\nc) What are the various ethical issues with the education system as depicted in the case study?","20","20"],[36,"a) मनोज के माता-पिता में किन गुणों की कमी है?\nb) किसी व्यक्ति के कौन से गुण उसे आत्महत्या जैसा चरम कदम उठाने से रोक सकते हैं?\nc) केस स्टडी में दर्शाए अनुसार शिक्षा प्रणाली के साथ विभिन्न नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं?","","20 अंक"],[41,"Q.9) Rajendra has been appointed as the General Manager of South Eastern Zone of the Indian Railways. After taking charge of his new posting, one of the first major shortcomings that Rajendra found in his jurisdiction was the gross shortage of staff, especially at operational level. Given the sensitive nature and importance of railways, Rajendra immediately apprised his seniors in the ministry about this issue. In his report, Rajendra pointed out that shortages at various positions are leading to an over-stretched workforce, which may become detrimental for the security of the freight and the passengers. However, Rajendra's report fell on deaf ears and no action was taken by Railways in this regard.\nAs fate would have it, a devastating train accident took place at Salasore, which fell under Rajendra's jurisdiction. Around 300 lives were lost and more than 1000 passengers were injured. The accident sent shock waves across the country and serious questions were being raised on railway safety. Given the seriousness of the incident, immediately an internal fact-finding committee was constituted under Rajendra.\nThe internal committee completed its enquiry and prima facie found \"human error in signaling\" as the cause of the accident. The accident, as per the committee, happened when two trains which erroneously, due to faulty signaling, were on the same track; the collision between the two trains derailed some bogies; the derailed bogies collided with yet another train that was running on the parallel track. The fact-finding team also highlighted that Anand, who was in charge of signaling, was working continuously for more than 16 hours, instead of his regular 8 hours shift. The report concluded \"lack of adequate staff\" as one of the major reasons behind the accident.\nThe very next day Rajendra was summoned by his superior in the ministry. Rajendra's superior congratulated him on the good and timely work on the report. However, he also asked him to modify the report by removing \"lack of adequate staff\" as one of the causes of the accident, as it showed Railways in a poor light. His superior further hinted that a lenient approach from Rajendra will bode well for his career. He also promised that Rajendra's cooperation in the matter will have a positive bearing on his request for a study leave. Moreover, the superior also reasoned with Rajendra that a rigid attitude may not bode well for him and he might get ostracized within the rank and file. Further, to make things 'easy' for Rajendra, his superior advised him to report Anand's negligence as the cause of the accident. However, Rajendra is aware that Anand is a very sincere and hard-working employee. He came out of the Chairman's office, dejected and undecided on his next course of action.\na) What are the ethical concerns associated with the case study?\nb) What are the options available with Rajendra?\nc) If you were at the place of Rajendra, which option would you choose and why?","20","250"],[42,"a) केस स्टडी से जुड़ी नैतिक चिंताएँ क्या हैं?\nb) राजेंद्र के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\nc) यदि आप राजेंद्र के स्थान पर होते, तो आप कौन सा विकल्प चुनते और क्यों?\na) केस स्टडी से जुड़ी नैतिक चिंताएँ क्या हैं?\nb) राजेंद्र के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\nc) यदि आप राजेंद्र के स्थान पर होते, तो आप कौन सा विकल्प चुनते और क्यों?","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[47,"Q.10) Grander Neobar Island is one of the world's most important biodiversity hotspots. Covered by thriving rainforest, the Island hosts a vast diversity of flora and fauna, many of which are endemic in nature. The Island is also known for being home to some of the Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs). For years, the region has been preserved for its ecological and cultural importance. Besides its environmental richness, the Grander Neobar is also particularly unique for its geo-strategic importance. The position of the Island in the Indian Ocean makes it ideal for gaining strategic leverage over the country's adversaries in the region.\nGrander Neobar Development Project (GNDP) is a security and infrastructure project proposed for the southern tip of the island. The project is important for economic benefits such as logistics, commerce, industry, and coastal tourism. GNDP includes an international container transhipment terminal, a greenfield international airport, township development, and a gas- and solar-based power plant together occupying over a large area in the island.\nThough touted as vital for country's economic growth and strategic presence in the region, some NGOs have been protesting against the project for its high environmental cost. The NGOs claim that the project would require cutting down of more than 900,000 trees of the rainforest biome, which are a prime source of carbon sequestration. Further, the loss of tree cover will not only affect the flora and fauna on the island, but it will also lead to increased runoff and sediment deposits in the ocean, impacting the coral reefs in the area. Also, the influx of outside population is expected to impose a significant ecological pressure on the island and its surroundings. The PVTGs residing in the Island for centuries may lose their traditional rights over land, and may also face undue interference in their culture and practices. As per some experts, as PVTGs are secluded from mainland since time immemorial, a sudden contact with outside population may pose grave health risks in forms of various infections. It is also being highlighted that the project is in contradiction to the government's vision to promote a sustainable world and a climate friendly lifestyle.\nHowever, the supporters of the project firmly believe that the project is essential, given its strategic importance for the country. The supporters of the project reason that since other countries also host several military bases in the region, India cannot afford to remain absent from this strategic backyard. Further, as per the advocates of the project, presence of a robust security infrastructure can check the oft-occurring incidents of piracy, cementing the country's role as the net security provider in the region. Moreover, the proponents of the development project argue that Grander Neobar is located close to one of the busiest choke points in the global trade route, and neglecting its development may run counter to country's trade and security interests. Also, as per a government think tank's report, the proposed port will allow Grander Neobar to participate in the regional and global maritime economy by becoming a major player in cargo transhipment and a delay in the same may have the effect of losing the competitive advantage.\na) What are the key ethical concerns present in the above case study?\nb) According to you between the twin objectives of development and conservation what should be given more priority and why?","20","20"],[48,"a) उपरोक्त मामले के अध्ययन में मौजूद प्रमुख नैतिक चिंताएँ क्या हैं?\nb) आपके अनुसार विकास और संरक्षण के दोहरे उद्देश्यों में से किसे अधिक प्राथमिकता दी जानी चाहिए और क्यों?\na) उपरोक्त मामले के अध्ययन में मौजूद प्रमुख नैतिक चिंताएँ क्या हैं?\nb) आपके अनुसार विकास और संरक्षण के दोहरे उद्देश्यों में से किसे अधिक प्राथमिकता दी जानी चाहिए और क्यों?","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[53,"Q.11) Mr. Gopal Mahto is the sitting Chief Minister of one of the most populous states in India. He is a young and dynamic leader, popular not just in his state but across the country. Many political analysts opine that he has the potential to become Prime Minister of India in future. One day, the CM was taking a review meeting of law-and-order situation in the state, with senior officials in the state capital. Suddenly he felt a light pain in his abdomen. The CM had been feeling such bouts of pain since a long time, but like always he neglected it this time too, and continued with the meeting. However, in the next few weeks, the intensity of pain increased and the CM was forced to see a doctor. After initial examination, the doctor gave some medicines and prescribed few tests. After few days, the report came and it showed that the CM is suffering from 'Liver Cirrhosis.' It was in the advanced stage and posed a threat to the life of Mr. Mahto. The doctor told that the only option was the liver transplant without any further delay. In apprehension that it may create chaos among the general public, particularly the supporters of the CM and his party, it was decided to not make the news public. Only very few senior functionaries at the centre and state along with medical staff were aware of the situation. Meanwhile, the Health Minister of the State directed the State's Health Secretary to take necessary actions, coordinate with medical staff and arrange for liver transplant for the CM. The next day, the Health Secretary called the State Director General (DG), Health, who is the competent authority, dealing with the matters related to organ transplantation in the state. The DG, Renuka was informed of the situation and directed to make immediate arrangement for liver transplant. However, Renuka told the Secretary that there is a laid down Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) regarding organ transplantation. She informed him that there is already a patient named Sunil at first position in the waiting list, who also requires urgent liver transplant. The health secretary is also informed that Sunil is left with a very short time window for a successful transplantation. Sunil is 35 years old, a father of two, and the sole bread winner of the family of six that also includes his wife and aging parents. Sunil's family is of limited means and often found it rather difficult to cater even for their needs. Also, various medical costs associated with Sunil's conditions have further worsened the financial condition of the family. Renuka further informs the secretary, as per SOP, the CM would be at the second position in the waiting list. As a matter of chance, Renuka receives a phone call from one of her subordinates. She informs Renuka that a liver has been donated by family of an old person, who died his natural death. After relevant tests, it was found that the available liver is fit for Sunil. Incidentally, the liver also fits the medical profile of the CM. Renuka immediately intimates the secretary about this development. Even though all the facts with regard to the SOP are explicitly clear, the secretary still tries to persuade Renuka for bending the rule in favor of Mr. Gopal Mahto. He explains that if anything untoward happens to the CM, it may lead to chaos and instability in the State. It may also require fresh elections which will be a drain on state exchequer and a drag on the governance process. He also hinted that if Renuka 'bent' the rule, this will be favorable for her career growth in the future. Further, to ease Renuka's conscience, the health secretary assured her that her actions are in larger interest of the state as well as the country. He also reasoned that if Sunil fails to receive a healthy liver in time, he will personally ensure that Sunil's family is well taken care of, and an eligible member of his family is accorded with a government job. Meanwhile, the time is running out for both Sunil and the CM.\na) What are the ethical concerns associated with the above case study?\nb) What are the options available with Renuka? Analyse the merits and demerits of the options?\nc) If you were at the place of Renuka, which option would you choose and why?","20","20"],[54,"a) उपरोक्त मामले के अध्ययन से जुड़ी नैतिक चिंताएँ क्या हैं?\nb) रेणुका के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं? विकल्पों के गुण और दोषों का विश्लेषण कीजिए।\nc) यदि आप रेणुका के स्थान पर होते, तो आप कौन सा विकल्प चुनते और क्यों?\na) उपरोक्त मामले के अध्ययन से जुड़ी नैतिक चिंताएँ क्या हैं?\nb) रेणुका के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं? विकल्पों के गुण और दोषों का विश्लेषण कीजिए।\nc) यदि आप रेणुका के स्थान पर होते, तो आप कौन सा विकल्प चुनते और क्यों?","20 अंक","250 शब्द"],[59,"Q.12 Mr X is travelling by road with his family to attend a marriage ceremony. His grandfather, who is the head of the family is also travelling with him. On the way to their destination, all of them stop at a road side restaurant for lunch. This is a well-known restaurant owned by one of the friends of Mr X. The place is known for its tasty and hygienic food. However, the grandfather notices a picture on the wall of the restaurant and enquires about the religion of the restaurant owner. Mr X's friend belongs to a religion different from the grandfather's religion. The grandfather has a negative attitude towards the religion of Mr X's friend and he insists that he will not eat in that restaurant. He demands that the entire family should leave the restaurant immediately as they are travelling for a happy occasion and eating at this particular restaurant will pollute them. Mr X tries to calm down his grandfather and explain to him that religion has nothing to do with purity or pollution. He also reasons that several travel magazines have rated the restaurant highly, especially for its superior hygiene standards. Also, he points out that there is no restaurant in the way for the next 100 Km and it will be difficult for all to make do without food for that long. However, his arguments fall on deaf years, and which is more his grandfather admonishes him for bringing the family to the restaurant despite being aware about the religion of the owner. Mr X's friend feels insulted and discriminated against due to his religion. Mr X's father is upset but refuses to say anything out of respect for the grandfather. Entire family is embarrassed by the attitude of the grandfather and they are getting ready to leave the restaurant. Mr X is confused regarding how he should act in this situation.\na) What are the various ethical issues in the above case study?\nb) Imagine yourself in the place of Mr X. Evaluate the different courses of actions available with you. What is the most suitable course of action?","20","250"]]},{"i":774,"t":"Shubhra Roy","c":"Vision","p":"Essay","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/9ab70-896282_2488_shubhra_roy_rank_147.pdf","q":[[5,"Write two essays, choosing one topic from each of the Sections A and B, in about 1000-1200 words each :\n1. It is easier to build strong children than to repair broken men.\n2. A mind all logic is like a knife all blade, it makes the hand bleed that uses it.\n3. Just when the caterpillar thought the world was over, it became a butterfly.\n4. History is a cyclic poem written by time upon the memories of man.\n5. The wise man does at once what the fool does finally.\n6. The world is a tragedy to those who feel, but a comedy to those who think.\n7. Perfect clarity would profit the intellect but damage the will.\n8. Keep your face to the sunshine and you cannot see a shadow.","125 x 2 = 250","1000-1200 words each"],[6,"1. It is easier to build strong children than to repair broken men.\n\n2. A mind all logic is like a knife all blade, it makes the hand bleed that uses it.\n\n3. Just when the caterpillar thought the world was over, it became a butterfly.\n\n4. History is a cyclic poem written by time upon the memories of man.","",""],[16,"Therefore at the end, just as the young dejected lawyer was a 'Mahatarna' in the making similarly every lost Caterpillar is nothing but a butterfly in waiting?","",""],[18,"5. The wise man does at once what the fool does finally.\n6. The world is a tragedy to those who feel, but a comedy to those who think.\n7. Perfect clarity would profit the intellect but damage the will.\n8. Keep your face to the sunshine and you cannot see a shadow.","",""],[22,"Now that we have seen the importance of facing the sunshine, why is it necessary to block the shadow?","",""],[31,"2 What does keeping your face to sunshine mean?","2",""]]},{"i":773,"t":"Shubhra Roy","c":"Forumias","p":"GS3","y":2025,"r":147,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/SHUBHRA-ROYUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-147-Sample-MGP-Copy-3.pdf","q":[[2,"Q.1) Employment problems of rural and urban areas differ in nature, but their solutions are interdependent and interrelated. Analyze.","10","150"],[4,"Q.2) Why has Hybrid Annuity Model (HAM), which was earlier proposed as a game-changer in Public Private Partnerships (PPP), received lukewarm response from private developers? What are the alternate PPP models that can be pursued for encouraging private investments?","10","150"],[6,"Q.3 Imported inflation is compounding the challenges of post-pandemic recovery for the Indian economy. Discuss.","10","150"],[8,"Q.4) Inclusive growth is both a process and an outcome. Discuss in Indian context.","10","150"],[10,"Q5 A very small fraction of the adult population files tax returns and an even smaller portion pays taxes. In light of this observation, examine reasons for poor tax compliance in India. Also, suggest measures to improve income tax code in the country.","10","150"],[12,"Q.6) Evaluate the potential of Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojna (PMMSY) to meet the goals of the Blue Economy and Neel Kranti mission.","10","150"],[14,"Q.7) The Horticulture sector, though has potential to transform agriculture landscape of country, is beset with several challenges. Discuss.","10","150"],[16,"Q.8) Food Processing sector must be developed as one of the principal industries in the country for reasons that go beyond agriculture. Elucidate.","10","150"],[18,"Q.9) What do you understand by natural farming? How can it help in building climate resilient agriculture?","10","150"],[20,"Q.10) In light of National Mission on Edible Oils-Oil Palm (NMEO-OP), critically examine economic and environmental implications of promotion of oil palm cultivation in the country.","10","150"],[22,"Q.11 Achievement of a 400 billion USD merchandise export is a result of concerted and collective efforts towards Atmanirbhar Bharat. Identify various factors responsible for this feat. What measures will you suggest to place India at the centre of global supply chains?","15","250"],[25,"Q.12 Supporters of the universal basic income present it as a cure for poverty while few opponents call it a worse disease for the economy. Which view do you subscribe to? Explain your stand.","15","250"],[28,"Q.139 The 1991 economic reforms provided a long forecast and lifted millions out of poverty. However, comprehensive structural reforms have not been implemented resulting in several imbalances and heightened inequalities. Comment. Also, discuss the key areas which should be the focus of reform.","15","250"],[31,"Q.14 Despite a focused approach on manufacturing sector through initiatives such as Make in India, the share of manufacturing sector in the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) has stayed stagnant. In this context, bring out the reasons for subpar performance of manufacturing sector. Also, suggest reforms that can enable the sector to meet the targets of National Manufacturing Policy 2011.","15","250"],[34,"Q.15 Fintech is facilitating financial inclusion through innovations but reaping its developmental potential requires overcoming critical hurdles. Analyze.","15","250"],[37,"Q.16 Encouraging livestock through mixed farming can be the answer to the triple burden of low farm income, increasing land fragmentation and plummeting productivity in the agriculture sector. Discuss.","15","250"],[40,"Q.17 Explain the relationship between land reforms and agricultural productivity. Also, discuss various difficulties in designing and implementation agriculture friendly land reforms policies in the country.","15","250"],[43,"Q.18 Community institutions in agriculture offer small farmers an opportunity to increase their productivity, income, and resource efficiencies. In light of this statement, enumerate the various challenges faced by the Farmers Producer Organisations (FPO's) in the country and suggest measures to reform them.","15","250"],[46,"Q.19) The fundamental problem in agriculture is not the availability of resources, but their inefficient use. Comment.","15","250"],[49,"Q.20 Commercialization of agriculture into agribusiness is necessary to uphold the spirit of farming as a profitable venture. Discuss in light of changes needed in agriculture marketing. Analyze the recent govt initiatives in supporting the transformation of agriculture into enterprise.","15","250"]]},{"i":775,"t":"Simrandeep Kaur","c":"Vision","p":"Essay","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/001f4-1158734_4514_simrandeep_kaur_rank_14.pdf","q":[[5,"Write two essays, choosing one topic from each of the Sections A and B, in about 1000-1200 words each :\n1. You may have to fight a battle more than once to win it.\n2. In matters of conscience, the law of the majority has no place.\n3. He who opens a school door, closes a prison.\n4. Only in the depths of winter can we truly appreciate the warmth of spring.\n5. We cannot always build the future for our youth, but we can build our youth for the future.\n6. Copying is safe; innovation demands courage.\n7. The more we automate, the more human we must become.\n8. The pursuit of instant validation is creating a generation of restless minds.","125 x 2 = 250","1000-1200 words each"],[6,"4. Only in the depths of winter can we truly appreciate the warmth of spring.","",""]]},{"i":779,"t":"Simrandeep Kaur","c":"Vision","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/32f43-1158734_4511_simrandeep_kaur_rank_14.pdf","q":[[6,"1. How does the Supreme Court’s recent decision on Aligarh Muslim University’s minority status affect the interpretation of Article 30 of the Indian Constitution? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[8,"2. The Supreme Court, in a recent verdict, prescribed a time period for the Governor's assent to state legislative bills. What are the implications of this judgment for cooperative federalism and legislative accountability in India? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[10,"3. Discuss the recent changes and initiatives related to cooperatives that aim to smoothen the tussle between the Centre and States in the cooperative sector.","10","150"],[12,"4. In recent years, use of social media and digital mobilisation by civil society has emerged as a powerful form of pressure politics. Examine its impact on policymaking and democratic accountability.","10","Answer in 150"],[14,"5. How is Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) emerging as a business-led solution for addressing development challenges in India? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"6. Discuss how mechanisms like public consultations and Jan Sunwais in India impact governance outcomes. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[18,"7. How effective have the National Action Plan for Drug Demand Reduction (NAPDDR) and Nasha Mukt Bharat Abhiyaan been in addressing substance abuse in India? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[20,"8. Rote learning and neglect of creativity in foundational education setup in India make it less ready for marketplaces that are now driven by Artificial Intelligence. Do you agree with this view? Substantiate your argument.","10","150"],[22,"9. Analyze the transformation of the G7 from a symbol of Western strategic unity to a forum marked by internal contradictions. How should India navigate this changing dynamic to advance its strategic interests? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[24,"10. Discuss the role of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in the development of developing countries. What are the key criticisms associated with its approach? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[26,"11. The 103rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 2019 has introduced a new dimension to the principle of affirmative action in India. Critically examine its implications for the broader goal of social justice.","15","250"],[29,"12. The District Planning Committee (DPC) was envisioned as a key instrument to strengthen grassroots-level planning. How far has it succeeded in achieving this goal? Discuss the challenges faced by DPCs and suggest measures to make them more effective.","15","250"],[32,"13. The restrictions imposed under Article 293 of the Constitution on State borrowing powers, though constitutionally valid, may hinder fiscal autonomy of States and disrupt cooperative federalism. Discuss in the light of recent developments.","15","250"],[35,"14. Examine the tension between the right to contest elections and the need to uphold electoral ethics under the Representation of the People Act. Should there be a lifetime ban on convicted criminals? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[38,"15. To what extent has the Beti Bachao Beti Padhao (BBBP) scheme, launched in 2015, succeeded in addressing the declining child sex ratio and empowering the girl child? Suggest measures to enhance its impact at the grassroots level.","15","250"],[41,"16. Self-Help Groups (SHGs) are emerging as vehicles of socio-economic transformation in rural India. Examine the role of government in scaling their reach and effectiveness. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[44,"17. Despite economic growth, multidimensional poverty continues to persist in India. Analyse the underlying causes and discuss the measures taken by the government to address them. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[47,"18. India faces a paradox of food surplus and nutritional deficit. Analyse the structural reasons behind this paradox and suggest reform strategies. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[50,"19. India's timely response during the economic crises in Sri Lanka and the Maldives reflects its \"Neighbourhood First\" policy in action. Examine how Indian aid has impacted bilateral ties with these nations. What steps can further be taken to promote sustainable economic cooperation in the Indian Ocean region? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[53,"20. Discuss the geostrategic significance of Afghanistan for India in the context of continental connectivity and access to Central Asia. How has the altered political landscape post-2021 affected India's connectivity and energy corridor ambitions? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"]]},{"i":778,"t":"Simrandeep Kaur","c":"Vision","p":"GS3","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/cbb47-1158734_2930_simrandeep_kaur_rank_14.pdf","q":[[6,"1. How is the rapid growth of the food processing industry leading to food safety challenges in India? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[8,"2. Under the Public Distribution System of India, the Fair Price Shop (FPS) transformation is an evolving process. Discuss.","10","150"],[10,"3. How are agri-tech startups in India helping farmers in enhancing farm productivity and market access? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[12,"4. Discuss the role of digitization of land records in the effective implementation of land reforms in India.","10","150"],[14,"5. To fully exploit its demographic dividend and accelerate economic growth, India needs to adopt a manufacturing-led growth model. Discuss.","10","Answer in 150"],[16,"6. How can the resilience of Indian coastal communities be strengthened to tackle the growing natural hazards resulting from climate change? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[18,"7. How does the Green Credit Programme extend beyond carbon management to promote a more sustainable environment in India? What are the various concerns about its implementation?","10","150"],[20,"8. What is the need for NavIC when existing satellite navigation systems are already available? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[22,"9. Cyber-enabled financial crime has emerged as the new frontier of global money laundering. Discuss. How can the government address this issue? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[24,"10. The Indian Army is observing the year 2024 as the 'Year of Technology Absorption'. In light of this, explain why there is a need for technology absorption in the defence sector of India. What challenges can India face in this initiative? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[26,"11. What are the issues faced in the development of trade and industries in the North-Eastern Region (NER) of India? Comment on the measures that have been taken to tackle these issues. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[29,"12. In the era of climate change and growing water scarcity, how can micro-irrigation systems contribute to sustainable agricultural practices in India? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[32,"13. What strategies can be adopted to overcome the issues pertaining to freight transportation in the Indian Railways and increase its share in the domestic freight? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[35,"14. Discuss the factors that have aided India in making impressive strides in the renewable energy sector and establishing itself as a frontrunner in the global renewable energy transition.","15","250"],[38,"15. How does agricultural runoff containing fertilizers and pesticides contribute to environmental pollution? What measures can be taken to mitigate the impact of agricultural runoff?","15","250"],[41,"16. The growing influx of tourists in Himalayan states has breached their ecological carrying capacity, leading to significant man-made disasters. What measures can be implemented to prevent such disasters while promoting sustainable tourism? Discuss with relevant examples.","15","250"],[44,"17. How do superconductors fuel innovation in diverse fields of science and technology? Illustrate with examples. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[47,"18. While India has laws covering almost all types of intellectual property rights, numerous enforcement, regulatory and administrative challenges hamper the commercialisation of IPRs in India. Elaborate.","15","Answer in 250"],[50,"19. Keeping in view the challenges in creating integrated theatre commands, examine how the theaterisation of commands can lead to greater integration and rationalisation of manpower and resources among the three services.","15","250"],[53,"20. Treating border villages as first villages not just geographically but also in terms of facilities can be a key strategy for enhancing border security. Discuss. Also, highlight the measures being taken by the government in this regard.","15","Answer in 250"]]},{"i":780,"t":"Simrandeep Kaur","c":"Vision","p":"GS3","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/3f1e7-1158734_4512_simrandeep_kaur_rank_14.pdf","q":[[6,"1. Analyse the factors that have contributed to India's inclusive economic growth in the past decade. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[8,"2. The Reserve Bank of India's surplus transfers offer the government much-needed fiscal space, yet they are not without challenges. Critically examine the implications of the RBI's surplus transfers to the government.","10","Answer in 150"],[10,"3. To what extent was the first National Monetization Pipeline (NMP) able to meet its objectives? What are the objectives of the new Asset Monetization Plan 2025–30 as announced in the recent 2025 Budget? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[12,"4. Examine the major challenges hindering the Indian textile industry from achieving its full potential in the global value chain. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[13,"Measures taken to overcome these challenges :-\n1. PLI for technical textiles -> demand in defence, space industries.\n2. PM Mitra Parks :- Farm -> fibre -> fashion -> foreign supply chain strengthening.\n3. SFRUTI scheme for traditional handicrafts.\n4. Credit penetration through PM Mudra.\n5. Labour skill upgradation (PM Kaushal Vikas Yojana).\n6. Labour insurance & safety Net (ILO) against sweatshops in Bangladesh.","",""],[14,"5. Why has India become increasingly import-dependent for edible oils despite being a major agricultural economy? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"6. Air accidents are low-frequency but high-impact events. Examine the disaster management protocols in place for aviation-related emergencies in India. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[18,"7. Chemical pollution poses a grave threat to human health and the environment in India. Discuss the key sources contributing to pervasive chemical contamination and evaluate the effectiveness of existing environmental laws in curbing this problem.","10","150"],[20,"8. Missile defence systems are becoming critical for national security in the face of evolving regional threats and advanced weapon technologies. Explain the working principle of missile defence systems. Critically assess India's progress in developing indigenous missile defence capabilities.","10","Answer in 150"],[22,"9. Despite multiple resolutions and initiatives undertaken by the United Nations Security Council (UNSC), its efforts to counter terrorism have achieved limited success. Discuss the reasons for this limited effectiveness.","10","150"],[24,"10. India practices a ‘multi-alignment’ approach in its cyber diplomacy. How does this posture strengthen India’s internal security while maintaining strategic autonomy? (Answer in 150 words)","","150"],[26,"11. While examining the shortcomings of the land reforms in the past, elaborate what land reforms 2.0 should look like. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[29,"12. As NITI Aayog completes 10 years of its establishment, critically examine its role in the planning and development paradigm of governance in India. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[32,"13. What are the primary causes of limited formal credit penetration among the rural and unbanked populations in India? Comment on the effectiveness of Small Finance Banks in addressing this gap and advancing inclusive financial growth.","","250"],[35,"14. To what extent has the Production Linked Incentive Scheme for the food processing industry facilitated value addition, employment generation, and global competitiveness in India's food processing industry? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[38,"15. Waste circularity is emerging as a sustainable solution to India's mounting solid waste crisis. Discuss the key principles of waste circularity and the government's initiative in this regard. How effective have these measures been in fostering a circular economy? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[41,"16. Discuss the importance of integrating traditional ecological knowledge of India's tribal communities with modern disaster management frameworks. Mention two examples where indigenous practices have contributed to disaster resilience. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[44,"17. CRISPR technology has rapidly advanced in recent years, with new tools and clinical breakthroughs. Highlight the recent developments in CRISPR-based gene editing technology applications. Discuss the opportunities and ethical challenges these advancements present for healthcare and society.","15","Answer in 250"],[47,"18. A credible semiconductor ecosystem is pivotal for India's economic security as much as for national security. Analyse the strategic objectives, incentives, and institutional architecture of the India Semiconductor Mission (ISM). Identify the major risks that could derail its timelines.","15","Answer in 250"],[50,"19. Intricate inter-play of diverse factors has been the force multipliers for extremism in the North East. Discuss. Suggest a multilayered strategy to tackle the menace of extremism in this region. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[53,"20. Despite recent steps towards inducting women into combat roles, their participation remains low. Examine the key challenges impeding the greater inclusion of women in the Indian armed forces. Also, suggest suitable measures to enhance their participation. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"]]},{"i":776,"t":"Simrandeep Kaur","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/a7a9a-1158734_2931_simrandeep_kaur_rank_14.pdf","q":[[6,"1. (a) The end cannot justify the means, for the simple and obvious reason that the means employed determine the nature of the ends produced. Discuss with suitable examples.","10","150"],[8,"1. (b) Discuss how the relationship between law and ethics is dynamic and continuously shaped by societal changes. Provide examples to illustrate this dynamic relationship.","10","150"],[10,"2. (a) Differentiate between probity and integrity with suitable examples. How do these values contribute to ethical governance and decision-making in the civil services? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[12,"2. (b) Discuss the ethical implications of withholding information in public administration. How can transparency enhance accountability and reduce corruption in government institutions? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[14,"3 (a) What do each of the following quotations mean to you?\n(a) \"There is no school equal to a decent home and no teacher equal to a virtuous parent.\" - Mahatma Gandhi (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"3. (b) \"Everyone thinks of changing the world, but no one thinks of changing himself.\" - Leo Tolstoy (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[18,"3. (c) \"To see what is right and not do it is a lack of courage.\" – Confucius (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[20,"4. (a) What factors lead to a positive attitude in a person? How does positive attitude enhance the effectiveness of civil servants in performing their duties?","10","Answer in 150"],[22,"4. (b) Discuss how emotional intelligence can influence ethical decision-making in the allocation of scarce public resources.","10","150"],[24,"5. (a) Various international humanitarian organizations provide emergency aid in conflict zones around the world. Highlight the ethical challenges faced by such organizations. What are the principles that guide international humanitarian work? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[26,"5. (b) Why is persuasion regarded as an important skill for civil servants? What are the key considerations that should guide persuasion in governance?","10","Answer in 150"],[28,"6. (a) What role can ethical leadership play in curbing corruption, especially in public service? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[30,"6. (b) What were the major teachings of Swami Dayanand Saraswati? Explain their relevance in addressing the current ethical and social challenges in India.","10","Answer in 150"],[33,"(a) Discuss the ethical dilemma Karan faces in deciding whether to report the incident against Mariyam's wishes.\n(b) Evaluate the options available to Karan. Which of these options should he choose and why?\n(c) What responsibilities do organizations like XYZ Corp have in preventing and addressing sexual harassment and creating inclusive workplace environments? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[38,"8 (a) शिक्षा विभाग के आयुक्त के रूप में जय के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं? इनमें से प्रत्येक विकल्प का मूल्यांकन कीजिए।\n(b) जय को कौन-सा विकल्प अपनाना चाहिए और क्यों?\n(c) जय जैसे सिविल सेवकों को अपने दायित्वों के निर्वहन में नैतिक मानकों को बनाए रखने के प्रयास के दौरान बेहतर सुरक्षा कैसे प्रदान की जा सकती है? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)\na) शिक्षा विभाग के आयुक्त के रूप में जय के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं? इनमें से प्रत्येक विकल्प का मूल्यांकन कीजिए।\nb) जय को कौन-सा विकल्प अपनाना चाहिए और क्यों?\nc) जय जैसे सिविल सेवकों को अपने दायित्वों के निर्वहन में नैतिक मानकों को बनाए रखने के प्रयास के दौरान बेहतर सुरक्षा कैसे प्रदान की जा सकती है? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250 शब्दों में"],[39,"(a) What are the options available to Jay as the Commissioner of the Education Department? Evaluate each of these options.\n(b) What option should Jay adopt and why?\n(c) How can civil servants like Jay be better protected when they attempt to uphold ethical standards in their work? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[43,"9 As the District Magistrate of X city, you are responsible for overseeing the construction of a new metro depot in an urban forest area, which is a critical infrastructure project aimed at improving public transportation and reducing traffic congestion and air pollution. The project, however, requires the clearance of a substantial portion of the forest, which has triggered strong opposition from environmental activists, local residents, and NGOs. This forest is widely regarded as essential for the city's ecological balance, often referred to as the city's \"lungs.\" In addition to the environmental concerns, you are under considerable pressure from politicians at the state-level to expedite the project, given the upcoming elections in two years. The political leadership emphasizes the benefits of the metro project for the city's development and its potential to garner electoral support. The project is expected to significantly reduce travel time for thousands of commuters and potentially decrease overall vehicle emissions in the city. However, it would also lead to the loss of thousands of trees and disrupt local ecosystems. As you prepare to make a decision, you are aware that your choice will have far-reaching consequences for both the city's development and its environment.\n(a) Identify the ethical dilemmas involved in the above case.\n(b) Evaluate the options available to you in the above situation. Which of these would you choose and why?\n(c) Suggest some measures that could be implemented to balance urban development needs with environmental conservation in future projects. (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[44,"Green cities or Smart Cities? or both??","",""],[48,"10 Dr. Mehra is a senior drug developer at a leading pharmaceutical company in India, renowned for producing various medications, including lifesaving drugs critical for treating chronic and rare diseases. Since its inception, the company has emphasized the quality and affordability of its drugs.\n\nRecently, under revised government guidelines, pharmaceutical companies are required to market a finished product only after obtaining \"satisfactory results\" from tests on the ingredients. Additionally, they must retain a sufficient quantity of samples of both intermediate and final products to allow repeated testing or verification of a batch.\n\nDr. Mehra's team is in the final stages of developing a new medication for a rare but life-threatening disease. This drug has shown promising results in clinical trials. However, there have been unresolved concerns about the long-term side effects of the drug, observed in a small percentage of trial subjects. Despite this, the company has not released any major drug in the past decade, leading to significant pressure from the board members to expedite the drug's release.\n(a) Identify the stakeholders in the above case study.\n(b) Discuss the ethical issues faced by Dr. Mehra.\n(c) Analyse the options available to Dr. Mehra in the above case. Which of these would you choose and why? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[51,"3) Release the drug (opaquely)","",""],[53,"11 You have been appointed as the Under Secretary in the State Urban Development Department. The Department has been tasked with a prestigious project aimed at revitalizing the infrastructure of a city with deep historical significance. This project, which you are extremely passionate about, involves modernizing public transportation, restoring heritage buildings, and creating green spaces while preserving the city's cultural essence.\n\nExcited by the opportunity, you spent weeks researching and drafting a comprehensive proposal. Your plan included innovative ideas for sustainable development, community engagement, and leveraging technology for urban planning. You presented these initial plans in a departmental meeting, hoping to inspire your colleagues and kickstart the project.\n\nHowever, your enthusiasm was met with indifference. Your colleagues showed little interest, failing to contribute ideas or efforts towards the project. Concerned, you reported this lack of enthusiasm to your immediate superior, who is also the authority for this project. To your dismay,\n(a) इस प्रकरण में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\n(b) उपयुक्त कार्य संस्कृति कार्यस्थल पर मनोबल और उत्पादकता को किस प्रकार प्रभावित करती है?\n(c) आपके पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं और आप इस स्थिति का समाधान किस प्रकार करेंगे? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250"],[54,"(a) Discuss the ethical issues involved in this case.\n(b) How does the above-mentioned work culture affect workplace morale and productivity?\n(c) What are the options available to you and how would you address the situation? (Answer in 250 words)\na) Discuss the ethical issues involved in this case.\nb) How does the above-mentioned work culture affect workplace morale and productivity?\nc) What are the options available to you and how would you address the situation? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[58,"12 (a) उपयुक्त प्रकरण के आलोक में, कॉर्पोरेट, राजनीतिक और नौकरशाही के हितों के बीच गठजोड़ से उत्पन्न होने वाले नैतिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\n(b) एक कर्तव्यनिष्ठ सिविल सेवक के रूप में, अरुण के पास उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन कीजिए। उसे कौन-सा विकल्प चुनना चाहिए और क्यों? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)\na) उपयुक्त प्रकरण के आलोक में, कॉर्पोरेट, राजनीतिक और नौकरशाही के हितों के बीच गठजोड़ से उत्पन्न होने वाले नैतिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\nb) एक कर्तव्यनिष्ठ सिविल सेवक के रूप में, अरुण के पास उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन कीजिए। उसे कौन-सा विकल्प चुनना चाहिए और क्यों? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250 शब्दों में"],[59,"(a) In light of the above case, discuss the ethical issues that may arise from the nexus between corporate, political, and bureaucratic interests.\n(b) As a conscientious civil servant, evaluate the options available to Arun. Which option should he choose and why? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"]]},{"i":777,"t":"Simrandeep Kaur","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/afc4b-1158734_4513_simrandeep_kaur_rank_14.pdf","q":[[6,"1. (a) Compassion is the courageous choice to feel another's suffering as one's own, and to act upon it, even when silence is safer and indifference is easier. Examine the significance of compassion as an essential ethical value for civil servants in India. Illustrate your answer with suitable examples.","10","150"],[8,"1. (b) Marriages in India are transitioning from traditional sacramental unions to more autonomous relationships, reflected in live-in relationships and rising divorce rates. Discuss the ethical dimensions of these changes.","10","150"],[10,"2. (a) While accountability often necessitates documentation, an overemphasis on bureaucratic procedures and excessive paperwork can inadvertently silence the very voices that public policy intends to empower, particularly at the grassroots. Examine the above statement with suitable illustrations. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[12,"2. (b) The principle of impartiality may conflict with the need for compassion towards marginalized communities. Discuss in the context of civil services in India.","10","150"],[14,"3 (a) What do each of the following quotations mean to you?\n “The strength of a nation derives from the integrity of the home.” - Confucius (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"3. (b) \"Act only according to that maxim through which you can at the same time will that it become a universal law.\" - Immanuel Kant (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[18,"3. (c) \"We are not only responsible for what we do, but also for what we fail to do\" - Molière. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[20,"4. (a) Patriotism encourages ethical questioning, while nationalism often suppresses it. Discuss this statement in light of the formation of political attitudes during high-pressure national events. How can individuals develop moral attitudes that balance national interest with ethical reasoning?","10","150"],[22,"4. (b) Discuss how employee well-being and fairness can be balanced with efficiency and profitability in private organisations.","10","150"],[24,"5. (a) Do you agree that excessive use of social media and emerging AI technologies may lead to a decline in emotional regulation and moral sensitivity among adolescents? Justify your answer.","10","150"],[26,"5. (b) In light of the increasing incidents of suicides among students in India, discuss how Emotional Intelligence (EI) can aid in managing stress and emotional challenges.","10","150"],[28,"6. (a) In public service, emotional intelligence is not about suppressing emotion, but mastering its purpose — to connect, to de-escalate, and to uplift others with empathy and strength. Do you agree with this view? Discuss.","10","150"],[30,"6. (b) An efficient work culture is built not only on rules, but on shared values. In this context, evaluate the role of leadership and team dynamics in transforming work culture within an organization.","10","150"],[32,"7 You are posted as the Joint Secretary in the Department of Information Technology of a state. The government recently implemented several citizen-centric digital services, collecting large volumes of personal data from residents. The Digital Personal Data Protection (DPDP) Act, 2023, requires that such data be processed only with explicit and informed consent, and mandates that processing must cease immediately upon withdrawal of consent.\n\nDuring an internal audit, you discover that the department continues to process and analyze personal data of several citizens even after they have formally withdrawn their consent. This data is being used for policy analytics and service improvement, purposes not explicitly disclosed at the time of data collection. When you bring this to the attention of your department head, you are informed that halting the processing will disrupt ongoing digital initiatives and may affect state-level performance metrics. Moreover, you find that the consent withdrawal process is cumbersome, and many citizens are unaware of their rights under the DPDP Act.\n\nYou also learn that a prominent social activist is planning to file a complaint with the Data Protection Board against involuntary use of personal data, which could attract public scrutiny and legal action against the department.\n(a) Identify and discuss the ethical issues involved in this case.\n(b) What are the potential consequences for the department if the issue is not addressed transparently?\n(c) How would you balance the need for efficient public service delivery with the obligation to protect citizens’ data rights? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[37,"8 You are an IAS officer, currently serving as the Secretary of the Public Works Department in a hill state. Recently, a disturbing incident has come to light involving a senior Cabinet Minister and two engineers of the National Highways Authority of India (NHAI). During an inspection of a critical highway project, the Minister was allegedly seen on video physically assaulting and verbally abusing the engineers in full public view. The video, recorded by bystanders, went viral on social media and was widely covered by television channels, sparking both outrage and support from different sections of society. The Minister later defended his actions, alleging that the officials were corrupt, unresponsive to local grievances, and responsible for inordinate delays in the project. He insisted that his actions were driven by public frustration and the urgency of delivering infrastructure to a remote region.\n\nHowever, the engineers have filed a police complaint and written to their superiors, claiming they were targeted for resisting political pressure to award contracts to specific local contractors linked to the Minister. As the situation escalated, a union of NHAI engineers declared a strike,\n(a) इस प्रकरण में शामिल प्रमुख नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं? हितधारकों और उनके परस्पर विरोधी हितों की पहचान कीजिए।\n(b) लोक निर्माण विभाग के सचिव के रूप में, आप उपयुक्त स्थिति में क्या कार्रवाई करेंगे?\n(c) ऐसी घटनाएं सिविल सेवकों के मनोबल और शासन में जनता के विश्वास को कैसे प्रभावित करती हैं? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250"],[38,"(a) What are the key ethical issues involved in this situation? Identify the stakeholders and their conflicting interests.\n(b) As the Secretary of the PWD, what actions will you take in above situation?\n(c) How do such incidents affect the morale of civil servants and public trust in governance? (Answer in 250 words)\na) What are the key ethical issues involved in this situation? Identify the stakeholders and their conflicting interests.\nb) As the Secretary of the PWD, what actions will you take in above situation?\nc) How do such incidents affect the morale of civil servants and public trust in governance?","20","250"],[42,"9 You are the Secretary in the Department of Personnel and Training (DoPT), Government of India. In recent years, an increasing number of civil servants, particularly younger officers from the IAS, IPS, and IRS, have begun maintaining personal YouTube channels and social media pages. On these platforms, they regularly post videos related to their official work — showcasing innovative projects, public outreach initiatives, inspection drives, and sometimes even day-to-day administrative duties.\n\nThese videos often receive widespread public attention, and many viewers express admiration, saying such content enhances transparency, motivates aspirants, and humanizes the bureaucracy. However, concerns have also emerged from various quarters. Senior officers argue that such content may blur the boundaries between personal branding and public service, while some citizens and media commentators point to instances where videos feature vulnerable beneficiaries without consent, raise concerns about misuse of official premises, or seem designed more for personal popularity than public accountability.\n(a) Identify the ethical issues involved in civil servants publicly showcasing their official work on social media platforms.\n(b) Do such practices promote awareness and motivation, or do they compromise anonymity, neutrality, and collective service values? Give your opinion.\n(c) As a Secretary, which guiding principles and policy measures would you suggest to ensure responsible digital participation by civil servants? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[43,"In one case, a district magistrate was seen filming a surprise school inspection in which teachers were scolded on camera — the video was later posted to his personal YouTube channel that is also monetized. While some praised the officer's strictness, others criticized the public shaming of teachers and the breach of service dignity. In another case, a police officer was seen directing a flood rescue operation while his staff filmed drone footage, later edited into a motivational video for social media. You have been asked to prepare a report with recommendations to balance public interest, institutional integrity, and evolving modes of communication.\n(a) Identify the ethical issues involved in civil servants publicly showcasing their official work on social media.\n(b) Do such practices promote awareness and motivation, or do they compromise the values of anonymity, neutrality, and collective service ethos? Give your opinion.\n(c) As the Secretary, what guiding principles and policy recommendations would you suggest to ensure responsible digital engagement by civil servants? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[47,"10 You are the Director of the National Bioethics Commission who is responsible for assessing the ethical feasibility and oversight of a nationwide gene sequencing program. The project named GeneFuture, aims to sequence the DNA of every newborn child and store it in a centralized national database. The objective is to identify genetic predispositions to serious diseases early in life, allowing for preventive treatment and personalized medicine. Over 100,000 babies have already been enrolled in the pilot phase of the program. The government claims that this move is a landmark step in public health advancement.\n\nHowever, collection of newborn genetic data raises significant ethical concerns, particularly around informed consent, which may not fully capture parents' understanding of the long-term risks involved. Once gathered, this sensitive data could be misused for purposes such as surveillance, insurance discrimination, or commercial marketing by third parties. Uncertainty over data ownership—whether it lies with the state, parents, or the individual as they mature—further complicates the issue. The involvement of private tech and pharmaceutical companies heightens fears of commercial exploitation, especially in the absence of clear mechanisms for individuals to withdraw consent or delete their genetic information upon reaching adulthood.\n(a) What are the ethical issues you perceive in the implementation of the GeneFuture program?\n(b) Identify the conflicting interests of different stakeholders in this case.\n(c) What guiding ethical principles would you recommend for implementation of this project? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[52,"11 You are a dedicated District Health Officer (DHO) with a strong commitment to evidence-based public health practices, recently assigned to a remote district in India. Your immediate and most critical task is to lead a crucial district-wide Measles-Rubella (MR) vaccination drive, aimed at achieving 100% immunization coverage among children aged 9 months to 15 years. The success of this drive is vital for the collective health of thousands of children and for the district's overall health indicators, especially with the impending monsoon season posing additional health challenges.\n\nHowever, in one of the largest and most traditional villages in your district, you encounter formidable resistance. The villagers, deeply influenced by the pronouncements of a revered local\n(a) उपयुक्त प्रकरण में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\n(b) इस विरोध को शांत करने के लिए आपके पास तत्काल क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\n(c) अंधविश्वास के व्यापक प्रभाव को दूर करने और संधारणीय लोक स्वास्थ्य परिणामों हेतु वैज्ञानिक सोच को बढ़ावा देने के लिए आप कौन-सी दीर्घकालिक रणनीतियाँ और प्रणालीगत सुधारों का सुझाव देंगे? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250"],[53,"(a) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the above case.\n(b) What are the immediate options available to you to overcome this resistance?\n(c) What long-term strategies and systemic reforms would you suggest to address the pervasive influence of superstition and foster a scientific temperament for sustainable public health outcomes? (Answer in 250 words)\na) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the above case.\nb) What are the immediate options available to you to overcome this resistance?\nc) What long-term strategies and systemic reforms would you suggest to address the pervasive influence of superstition and foster a scientific temperament for sustainable public health outcomes?","","250"],[57,"12 (a) आपके समक्ष विद्यमान संभावित प्रशासनिक और नैतिक दुविधाएं क्या हैं?\n(b) आपके लिए उपलब्ध सभी विकल्पों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\n(c) आप अपने निर्णय का नैतिक औचित्य सिद्ध करते हुए कौन-सी व्यापक कार्यवाही करेंगे? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)\na) आपके समक्ष विद्यमान संभावित प्रशासनिक और नैतिक दुविधाएं क्या हैं?\nb) आपके लिए उपलब्ध सभी विकल्पों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\nc) आप अपने निर्णय का नैतिक औचित्य सिद्ध करते हुए कौन-सी व्यापक कार्यवाही करेंगे? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250 शब्दों में"],[58,"(a) What are the potential administrative and ethical dilemmas you face?\n(b) Discuss all options available to you.\n(c) What comprehensive course of action would you choose to adopt, providing ethical justification for your decision? (Answer in 250 words)\na) What are the potential administrative and ethical dilemmas you face?\nb) Discuss all options available to you.\nc) What comprehensive course of action would you choose to adopt, providing ethical justification for your decision? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"]]},{"i":1046,"t":"Smriti Mishra","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1WOiQBObiT3iqr7XyH7gGcYxIC-ou0kXc/view","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) Ethical governance is the foundation of a welfare state. Identify essential ethical traits of a welfare state. Discuss ways and means to promote ethics in governance.","10","150"],[5,"b) Effective public service delivery requires a citizen centric system. Citizen's Charter is seen as an important tool to ensure such a system, but it is not achieving its objectives. Why? Discuss measures to make it more effective?","10","150"],[7,"Q.2) a) Conscience keeps ethics from fading when faced with a tough decision. Discuss in context of civil servants.","10","150"],[9,"b) What are the various conflicts of values that civil servants face while performing their duty? How can such conflicts be resolved? Discuss with illustrations.","10","150"],[10,"How can value conflicts be resolved?","",""],[11,"Q.3) a) Differentiate between accountability and responsibility. Do you think responsibility without accountability is meaningful?","10","150"],[13,"b) Many examples of 'living the values' can be drawn from Swami Vivekananda's life, which are important for any civil servant. Highlight such values and illustrate how they can help in achieving civil services' objectives.","10","150"],[15,"Q.4) a) Civil servants should work for a cause and not for applause. In light of this statement, examine why bureaucratic anonymity is considered a foundational value for a civil servant. How far do you agree that the principle of bureaucratic anonymity has been diluted in the age of social media?","10","150"],[16,"Has social media diluted principle of anonymity?","",""],[17,"b) The recent Covid 19 pandemic has reinvigorated the debate about 'compassionate capitalism'. Define the concept and explain its importance in the present times.","10","150"],[19,"Q.5) What does each of the following quotation mean to you?\na) \"Individuals should cultivate noble traits so that socio-political organizations are free from highly despicable men.\" - Thirukkural","10","150"],[21,"b) \"Integrity is the choice between what is convenient and what is right.\"","10","150"],[23,"Q.6) a) Ethics in international relations is a myth, only national interest determines the foreign policy. How far do you agree with this statement? Discuss with suitable illustrations.","10","150"],[25,"b) It is not power, but fear that corrupts. Fear of losing power corrupts those who wield it and fear of the scourge of power corrupts those who are subject to it. Examine the statement in context of political corruption.","10","150"],[27,"c) Ethical work culture increases employee job satisfaction and ensures organizational success. Elaborate. In what ways can ethical culture be incorporated in an organization?","10","150"],[28,"How can ethical work culture be incorporated?","",""],[29,"Q.7) Mayank, a young government servant, joined the office with great enthusiasm and desire to serve the public. Soon after getting a government job, Mayank got married with Sunita. Sunita is also a government servant who works as a junior engineer in electricity department. But both of them have different postings and work from two different cities, living separately. Mayank has applied for his transfer at times, but, in vain.\n\nMayank, with his work, is making a great image of himself and is getting appreciation from his peers and seniors. Because of his great performance, he got an important task of auditing the performance of \"Housing for all\" scheme. The scheme aims to provide affordable housing to the urban poor population. However, his study and research led to some shocking results. He found out that most of the houses are being acquired by relatives of local politicians and government servants.\n\nThe deserving urban poor population is still deprived of shelter and this has been the case from past few years. With further investigation, he realized that there is a massive scam involved in it and the poor are being lured and looted. The government is not allotting the completed houses to the beneficiaries. Mayank prepared a file of all the required documents and evidence and went to discuss it with the SDM.\n\nThe SDM, a relative of the central government minister, was fully involved in the corruption. Now, to save himself, SDM offers Mayank a deal that if he does not reveal the details of study, Mayank will get a job at the same location as his wife. He is also offered a house from the scheme itself. On the other hand, he was warned that refusal to accept this proposal may entail retaliatory action by SDM against him.\n\nAs you are a very good friend of Mayank. He discusses the matter with you, as he is trying for transfer from a long time. In this case answer the following:\na) Why such instance of corruption in government programmes are common across the country? How can they be prevented?\nb) Enumerate various interests involved in this case from the perspective of different stakeholders. What advice will you give to Mayank?","20","250"],[30,"(a) सरकारी कार्यक्रमों में भ्रष्टाचार के ऐसे उदाहरण पूरे देश में आम क्यों हैं? उन्हें कैसे रोका जा सकता है?\n(b) विभिन्न हितधारकों के दृष्टिकोण से इस मामले में शामिल विभिन्न हितों की गणना कीजिये। साथ ही, आप मयंक को क्या सलाह देंगे?\na) सरकारी कार्यक्रमों में भ्रष्टाचार के ऐसे उदाहरण पूरे देश में आम क्यों हैं? उन्हें कैसे रोका जा सकता है?\nb) विभिन्न हितधारकों के दृष्टिकोण से इस मामले में शामिल विभिन्न हितों की गणना कीजिये। साथ ही, आप मयंक को क्या सलाह देंगे?","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[32,"How can corruption be prevented?","",""],[34,"Q.8) You are an IFS officer who heads a diplomatic mission in a European country. You live there with your wife and children. Your parents and few of your relatives are also visiting you for vacation. The country is known for its scenic mountains and it is a popular destination for tourists. In an unexpected turn of events, the country in which you are posted has been attacked by its neighbour due to some unresolved bilateral issues. All the major transportation channels have been adversely impacted by the attack. Flights have been cancelled and airspace above the country has been declared unsafe for commercial aircrafts. You have received an urgent communication from New Delhi asking you to prepare a plan for evacuation of Indians from the besieged country. You have been informed that a friendly neighbouring country of India has sought India's help to evacuate its citizens. Due to war, only a limited number of people can be evacuated in one go and multiple rounds would be required for evacuating everyone. You have identified following groups of people who are to be evacuated:\ni You, your wife, children, parents and relatives.\nii Diplomatic staff at the mission.\niii Indian tourists visiting the country.\niv Indian students studying in the country.\nv A film crew and actors who were shooting a film in the country. These include some of the biggest names of Bollywood.\nvi Citizens of the friendly neighbouring country that has requested India's help.\nmain As a civil services officer of the state, what would be the order in which you would evacuate these people and why? Give Justifications.","20","250"],[39,"Q.9) Rashmi is a young IPS officer who is posted as the SP law and order in a district that has a history of communal clashes. During a cultural event, a political leader made certain controversial comments regarding the religion of another community that can potentially harm communal harmony in the district. The representatives of the aggrieved community met Rashmi with their complaint. An FIR was registered in the matter and the police department promptly started an investigation. During questioning, the accused political leader denied the charges. He claimed that he was exercising his right to freedom of expression and had no intention of hurting anyone's feelings. He even offered to tender an apology if his statement had hurt someone's religious feelings. However, the aggrieved community was not satisfied with this apology and demanded strict action against the accused.\n\nThe next day, a video went viral on social media in which the accused political leader can be seen making derogatory statements against another religious faith. However, Rashmi suspects that the video going viral on the internet is a doctored video and someone has mischievously edited it to make it more vitriolic and inflammatory. The video has ignited communal tensions in the district. The accused political leader belongs to an influential community and his community has put their support behind him. Local intelligence has warned that some anti-social elements are trying to use this opportunity to create communal riot in the district. The entire matter has been politicized and is being covered by the national media. In this situation answer the following:\na) What differentiates a hate speech from a free speech?\nb) Why does social media have a very strong influence over the actions and thoughts of its users?\nc) What is the most suitable course of action for Rashmi in this situation? Justify.","20","250"],[40,"(a) Difference between free speech and hate speech","",""],[42,"(c) Suitable course of action for Rashmi","",""],[44,"Q.10) You are the district magistrate of Kasigunj. The state government is pushing for digital solutions to improve health care delivery in remote areas. Government has introduced a digital patient registration and management system that can record disease history, prescribed treatment regimen, lab reports etc. The system can be accessed and operated through smart phones connected with the internet.\na) Abandon the requirement for mandatory downloading of the new application on smartphones.\nb) Stop providing free data to ASHA workers to avoid misuse of government resources.\nc) Take strict action against ASHA workers who are on strike. Suggest any other possible option(s). Evaluate all of them and suggest the best course of action, giving your reasons for it.","20","250"],[45,"इस स्थिति में, संकट के समाधान के लिए आपके पास निम्नलिखित विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं :\na) स्मार्टफोन पर नए एप्लीकेशन को अनिवार्य रूप से डाउनलोड करने की आवश्यकता को छोड़ दें।\nb) सरकारी संसाधनों के दुरुपयोग से बचने के लिए आशा कार्यकर्ताओं को मुफ्त डेटा देना बंद करें।\nc) हड़ताल पर रहने वाली आशा कार्यकर्ताओं के खिलाफ सख्त कार्रवाई करें।\nकोई अन्य संभावित विकल्प सुझाएं। इन सभी विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन करें और अपने कारण बताते हुए सर्वोत्तम कार्रवाई का सुझाव दें। (20 अंक, 250 शब्द)","20 अंक","250 शब्द"],[47,"(1) Strict action against ASHA workers on strike","",""],[49,"Q.11 The farmer unions in one of the states has called for mass protest owing to large number of arrears/their dues not being paid by the private sugar factories for the last two years. On the day of mass protest, farmers turned up in huge numbers and at several places the protest turned violent. There were instances of stone pelting, vehicle burning etc. The police were not able to control the violent protesters at some places and had to resort to lathi charge. But at one of the places, police resorted to firing in which four farmers were killed. This further aggravated the situation as farmers at other places also resorted to violence to protest against police action.\n\nLooking at the intensity of the situation, under opposition pressure, one of the Minister of the state gave the statement that farmers did not die due to police firing but there were some anti-social elements amongst the protesters who fired in order to create unrest in the state.\n\nThis statement of the Minister instead of calming the protesters further angered them as some eyewitness testified to news channels about the deaths being the result of police firing. All this further projected government in bad light and the police action has come under severe criticism by various sections of intelligentsia. The public sentiment has started to sway in favour of the protesting farmers.\n\nThere is huge pressure on the government to diffuse the tension, address farmers' grievances and take action against the police personnel involved in firing at the protesters since the protesters have started blocking all the major state highways which has crippled the day-to-day routine of the people of the state. Further, there is danger that the situation may get out of control anytime.\n\nSuppose you are the district magistrate where the incident has taken place:\na) You have to address the press conference. What will be your statement to the media if it seeks clarification on whether people died in the police firing as stated by the state minister?\nb) What are the ethical issues involved in the case?\nc) What steps will you take to tackle the post-firing situation effectively?","20","250"],[50,"a) आपको प्रेस कॉन्फ्रेंस को संबोधित करना है। मीडिया के लिए आपका क्या बयान होगा यदि यह इस थारे में स्पष्टीकरण मांगते हैं कि क्या पुलिस फायरिंग में लोग मारे गए थे ; जैसा कि राज्य के मंत्री ने कहा था? b) मामले में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं? c) फायरिंग के बाद की स्थिति से प्रभावी दंग से निपटने के लिए आप क्या कदम उठाएंगे?","20 अंक","250 शब्द"],[54,"Q.12) Lithium is emerging as the new gold in the modern world. It is used extensively in making rechargeable batteries that are used across phones, laptops, electric vehicles etc. As the world is transitioning towards clean energy, demand for lithium is rising exponentially. India is dependent on imports for her lithium needs. Recently, a large lithium deposit has been found during a geological survey in Central India. According to initial estimates, the reserve is large enough to not only fulfill domestic requirements but also leave enough surplus for India to export lithium to other countries. The news of this discovery is covered by national media. This reserve can provide much needed impetus to adoption and development of green energy technologies in the country. Many prominent union ministers have expressed their desire for timely development of lithium mines and claimed that this discovery to be an outcome of their far-sighted governance and development model.\n\nAmit is a senior government official who has been appointed as project development officer for this mining project. During initial assessment of the project, Amit found that the discovered reserve lies inside a forest inhabited by tribals. This is a pristine forest, hitherto untouched by humans, other than indigenous tribal communities. This forest hosts a wide variety of flora and fauna, many of which are endemic. Further, the lithium reserve lies at the foothill of a hillock. This hillock has a small shrine where the deity worshipped by the tribals is located. Lithium mining in this area would mean destruction of forest, blasting of the mountain where shrine of the tribal deity is located and displacement of tribals. The tribal population is against this mining project. They consider this project as an assault on their way of life and culture. Intelligence report suggests that if these tribals are forcefully displaced and their shrine destroyed, they can become easy targets for the Naxal indoctrination and create a security nightmare for the state. On the other hand, Amit is facing political pressure for execution of this project and has been repeatedly reminded that not only this project is of national importance but also can be a stepping stone for his career.\n\nAmit is your colleague and a close friend. He asks you for your advice in this matter. Based on the described situation, help Amit identify various ethical dilemmas in this case. In your opinion, what is the most suitable course of action for Amit? Justify your choice.","20","250"],[55,"अमित आपके सहयोगी और करीबी दोस्त हैं। वह आपसे इस मामले में आपकी सलाह मांगते हैं। वर्णित स्थिति के आधार पर, अमित को इस मामले में विभिन्न नैतिक दुविधाओं की पहचान करने में मदद करें। आपकी राय में, अमित के लिए कार्रवाई का सबसे उपयुक्त तरीका क्या है? अपने विकल्प का औचित्य सिद्ध करें।","20 अंक","250"]]},{"i":784,"t":"Snehith Chakka","c":"Forumias","p":"GS1","y":2025,"r":139,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/CHAKKA-SNEHITHUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-139-Sample-MGP-Copy-3.pdf","q":[[4,"Q.1) Aditya L1 mission is an important milestone as India's first space based solar observatory. Enlist the major scientific objectives and the challenges of the mission.","10","150"],[6,"Q.2) Describe briefly what gene therapy is and what advantages it has over other treatments?","10","150"],[8,"Q.3) With recent advances in technology, robots are now equipped to perform more than just conventional and routine tasks, which brings new opportunities as well as risks. In this context, evaluate the future potential of the robotics sector.","10","150"],[10,"Q.4) Private participation in propelling India's space journey is widely acknowledged but is yet to be fully tapped. In light of the statement, analyse the hurdles faced by the private sector and also recommend measures to unlock greater private participation in the space economy.","10","150"],[12,"Q.5) Write an explanatory note on the causes and impacts of avalanches. Also, highlight the various strategies to mitigate its impact, with a special emphasis on NDMA guidelines.","10","150"],[14,"Q.6) Technology plays a multidimensional role in augmenting the disaster management apparatus of the country. Discuss. Also, bring out the measures needed to enhance the usage of such technologies in managing disasters.","10","150"],[16,"Q.7 Discuss the natural and anthropogenic factors behind incidents of land subsidence. Suggest counter-measures to contain such incidents.","10","150"],[18,"Q.8) Explain Glacial Lake Outburst Flood (GLOF). Also, discuss GLOF mitigation strategy with special reference to National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) guidelines.","10","150"],[20,"Q.9) National security challenges require sufficiently addressing the concerns of human security. Explain and suggest reforms for the same.","10","150"],[22,"Q.10 Outlining the various cyber threats faced by India, assess the state of the country's preparedness to deal with the same.","10","150"],[24,"Q.11 Explain how the geographical location of India makes it extremely vulnerable to the menace of drug trafficking. What are the various internal security threats posed by drug trafficking?","15","250"],[27,"Q.12) Discuss the socio-economic impact of new developments in science and technology in India since independence.","15","250"],[30,"Q.13) 5G technology is a breakthrough that finds applications across diverse sectors. Elaborate. How is 5G technology different from its predecessor? Also, list the various challenges associated with its effective rollout.","15","250"],[33,"Q.14 Discuss the repercussions on marine ecosystem and economy resulting from the combined effects of ocean acidification, ocean warming, and oxygen loss.","15","250"],[36,"Q.15) The invisible nature of groundwater is a major obstacle in the path towards achieving the twin objectives of building climate resilience and meeting the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Elucidate.","15","250"],[39,"Q.16 Describe the concept of loss and damage and evaluate its relevance in ensuring climate equity.","15","250"],[42,"Q.17 What role does wetland play in expanding the framework of sustainable development? What are the challenges faced by wetland ecosystem? Discuss the corrective steps required for their effective conservation.","15","250"],[45,"Q.18 Despite various efforts, a lasting solution to the insurgency in the north-eastern region of India remains elusive. Analyse the reasons behind the continuation of insurgency in the region. Also, suggest effective measures to tackle it.","15","250"],[48,"Q.19 While developmental initiatives have a significant role to play, they alone cannot root out terrorism/militancy in Jammu and Kashmir. Comment.","15","250"],[51,"Q.20 What do you understand by theaterisation of commands? Enumerating the impediments in theaterisation for India's armed forces, discuss the role of Chief of Defence Staff in enhancing the effectiveness of India's external security response.","15","250"]]},{"i":783,"t":"Snehith Chakka","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2025,"r":139,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/CHAKKA-SNEHITHUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-139-Sample-MGP-Copy-2.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) Societal apathy towards mental health issues has resulted in the marginalization of individuals dealing with mental disorders. Elaborate and suggest measures to bring mental health concerns from the periphery into the mainstream.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Critically assess the role of microfinance in satisfactorily addressing the interconnected challenges of poverty and unemployment.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) Though grand in their intent, the legislative measures for protection of vulnerable populations have become handicapped due to implementational bottlenecks. Comment, with special reference to SC/ST (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) What are the reasons behind the limited success of the co-operative movement? How can co-operatives be made more effective in fostering rural development?","10","150"],[11,"Q.5 Leveraging real-time data in policymaking has become indispensable for achieving good governance. In this context, analyse the role of e-governance in enhancing the effectiveness of developmental policies.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6 In civil services, what should matter are - capabilities, merit and talent. In this context, examine the relevance of lateral entry in civil services in face of various apprehensions.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) India must exercise stabilizing influence in its difficult neighborhood to effectively safeguard national interest. Comment.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) ASEAN serves the twin purpose of developing India's Northeast and augmenting the country's reach in the Southeast Asian region. Comment.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9) The realization of a successful Asian century is premised upon stable India-China relations. Comment.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10 Do you think NATO as a system of US-led collective security for Europe is relevant in an increasingly multipolar world? Justify your answer.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11) Increased penetration of mobile network, internet infrastructure, and smart phones have made m-governance the pivot of the welfare programmes of the government, but it poses challenges of exclusion. Discuss.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12) The distinct characteristics of the Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) and the government create a unique symbiosis in improving the governance and developmental process in the country. Discuss.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 Critically examine the utility of the social audit framework in bringing the governance process closer to the people.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 Eradication of chronic malnutrition calls for an all-encompassing approach. In this context, throw light on the importance of nutrition-specific and nutrition-sensitive approaches for achieving the goal of Zero Hunger.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15) Evaluate the efficacy of digital interventions in transforming the educational infrastructure of the country.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16) The role of the civil service is not limited to the mere welfare of the people but extends to the realm of upholding the spirit of the constitution. Elaborate.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 India has a pride of place among the comity of nations with strong credentials in the arena of soft power. Identifying the key attributes of India's soft power, assess the extent to which it has been leveraged in India's foreign policy matrix.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18) BRICS can serve as a platform for shaping a post-Western global order, but the potential of the grouping is held back by internal contradictions. Examine.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 Enumerate the factors that make Indo-Pacific a theatre of opportunity for India. What are the impediments in reaping the geo-strategic potential of the Indo-Pacific?","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 The latent potential of the India-EU strategic partnership is deterred due to a slew of factors. Elaborate.","15","250"]]},{"i":781,"t":"Snehith Chakka","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":2024,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/CHAKKA-SNEHITH-UPSC-2024-Rank-94-MGP-Sample-Copy-2.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) Enumerate the differences between rules, regulations and laws. In the pursuit of justice, should the objectivity of rules be complicated by the subjectivity of conscience?","10","150"],[5,"b) In light of incidents of serving civil servants openly criticising the government and some also resigning in protest, discuss whether civil servants should get entangled in the political discussions/opinions?","10","150"],[7,"Q.2) a) Good governance is based on the rule of law which itself is situated on a strong ethical foundation. In this light, discuss the importance of ethics for good governance.","10","150"],[9,"b) Highlighting the difference between the work culture of public and private institutions, analyze the extent to which the work culture in private institutions should inform the working of public offices.","10","150"],[11,"Q.3) a) The wedge between national interest and ethical conduct invariably widens in the absence of a global authority. Discuss and also assess the relevance of ethical principles in conducting international relations.","10","150"],[13,"b) Differentiate between the following:\n(i) Code of conduct and Code of Ethics\n(ii) Accountability and responsibility","10","150"],[15,"Q.4) a) Transparency is more than mere information sharing. Elaborating on the statement, assess the success of the RTI Act, 2005, in promoting transparency in administration.","10","150"],[17,"b) Ethics stand as the cornerstone of corporate success in an ever-evolving landscape of business. In light of the above statement, discuss the role of ethics in corporate governance with suitable examples.","10","150"],[19,"Q.5) a) Foreign aid, although championed as a vital tool for socio-economic development, often runs into stiff opposition from the intended beneficiaries. Elaborate on the various ethical concerns associated with foreign aid. Suggest measures to address the challenges related to foreign aid.","10","150"],[21,"b) Our probity is not less at the mercy of fortune than our property. What do you mean by probity in governance? Discuss ways of inculcating probity in public life.","10","150"],[23,"Q.6) What do the following quotations mean to you:\na) It is not power, but fear that corrupts. Fear of losing power corrupts those who wield it and fear of the scourge of power corrupts those who are subject to it. (10 marks, 150 words)","10","150"],[25,"b) Peace is not mere absence of war; it is presence of justice.","10","150"],[27,"c) \"Tolerance implies no lack of commitment to one's own beliefs. Rather it condemns the oppression or persecution of others.\" - John F. Kennedy","10","150"],[30,"a) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case study?\nb) Critically assess the role of social media in administration.\nc) What are the various possible choices available to you and which course of action would you choose? Justify your choice.\na) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case study?\nb) Critically assess the role of social media in administration.\nc) What are the various possible choices available to you and which course of action would you choose? Justify your choice.","20","250"],[31,"a) उपरोक्त केस स्टडी में नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं?\nb) प्रशासन में सोशल मीडिया की भूमिका का आलोचनात्मक मूल्यांकन कीजिए।\nc) आपके पास उपलब्ध विभिन्न संभावित विकल्प क्या हैं और आप कौन सा कार्य चुनेंगे? अपने विकल्प का औचित्य सिद्ध कीजिए।\na) उपरोक्त केस स्टडी में नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं?\nb) प्रशासन में सोशल मीडिया की भूमिका का आलोचनात्मक मूल्यांकन कीजिए।\nc) आपके पास उपलब्ध विभिन्न संभावित विकल्प क्या हैं और आप कौन सा कार्य चुनेंगे? अपने विकल्प का औचित्य सिद्ध कीजिए।","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[36,"Q.8 Farmer unions have called for mass protest against the private sugar factories for pending arrear that are due for the last two years. On the day of mass protest, large number of farmers turned up at several places and the protests turned violent. There were instances of stone pelting, vehicle burning, and clashes with police, who were not able to control the violent protesters at some places. The resort to lathi charge only aggravated the agitated protestors. At one of the protest sites, police resorted to firing and four farmers were killed. This further fuelled the protests as farmers at other places also resorted to violence to protest against police action.\nLooking at the intensity of the situation, under opposition pressure, one of the Minister of the state government gave the statement that farmers did not die due to police firing but there were some anti-social elements amongst the protesters who fired in order to create unrest in the state.\nThis statement of the Minister instead of calming the protesters further angered them as some eyewitness testified to news channels about the deaths being the result of police firing. All this further projected government in bad light and the police action has come under severe criticism by various sections of intelligentsia. The public sentiment has started to sway in favour of the protesting farmers.\nThe protesters have started blocking all the major state highways which has crippled the day-to-day routine of the people of the state. Further, there is a danger that the situation might get out of control anytime. There is huge pressure on the state government to diffuse the situation.\nSuppose you are the district magistrate where the incident has taken place:\na) You are to address the press conference. What will be your statement to the media if it seeks clarification on whether people died in the police firing?\nb) What are the ethical issues involved in the case?\nc) What steps will you take to tackle the post-firing situation effectively?","20","250"],[37,"मान लीजिए कि आप उस जिला मजिस्ट्रेट हैं जहाँ यह घटना हुई है:\na) आपको प्रेस कॉन्फ्रेंस को संबोधित करना है। यदि मीडिया इस बात पर स्पष्टीकरण मांगता है कि पुलिस की गोलीबारी में लोग मारे गए या नहीं, तो आप क्या बयान देंगे?\nb) केस अध्ययन में नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं?\nc) गोलीबारी के बाद की स्थिति से प्रभावी दंगा से निपटने के लिए आप क्या कदम उठाएँगे? (20 अंक, 250 शब्द)","20 अंक","250 शब्द"],[42,"Q.9 Shailesh has just passed out from a prestigious management college. He was among the top of his batch and landed a good job with a handsome salary at a food and beverage multinational corporation (MNC). This company has a brand reputation for promoting healthy snacks and beverages that have no sugar and low trans-fat content. This was one of the major reasons for Shailesh to apply for this job. Shailesh thinks that through his work, he may be able to contribute something towards a healthy society and fit India.\nShailesh found an instant liking for the working environment of the organization as well as the nature of his new job. In just a few weeks, Shailesh's out-of-the-box approach and innovative thinking has put him into the good books of his manager. One day, Shailesh was called in a meeting by his manager and was given the responsibility of designing a campaign for a new product. This was a big deal for Shailesh because such tasks are given only to experienced employees and he was a fresh recruit within first year of his job. While working on his assignment, Shailesh noticed that most of the new products had a considerable amount of sweeteners in them. Although sugar was avoided, it was replaced with other products like maple syrup, corn syrup, fructose etc. This particular product has very high fructose content. High fructose content negatively impacts metabolic health and may contribute to insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, heart disease, and type-2 diabetes.\nShailesh tries to discuss the matter with his manager but his manager sternly tells him to do as he is told. His manager tells him that the company is claiming that there is no sugar in their product, which is true and everything they are doing is legal. Further, similar practices are followed by all other competitors in the market. Shailesh still feels that this is a manipulative practice where consumers are deceived into buying unhealthy food products. He is afraid that taking up this matter with his manager can be counter-productive for his career and he could even be dismissed as he was still on probation. Shailesh is the sole breadwinner for his family and has an education loan to pay off. At first, he thinks that this is how business is done and he should drop this matter but his conscience keeps on pricking him to do something.\na) Analyze the conduct of the MNC from an ethical perspective.\nb) What are different options for Shailesh in this situation? Evaluate each of the options and suggest the most suitable course of action.","20","250"],[43,"a) नैतिक दृष्टिकोण से MNC के आचरण का विश्लेषण कीजिए।\nb) अलग विकल्प क्या हैं-इस स्थिति में शैलेश के लिए अलग? प्रत्येक विकल्प का मूल्यांकन कीजिए और सबसे उपयुक्त कार्रवाई का सुझाव दीजिए।","","20 अंक"],[48,"Q.10) Jajantara, one of the districts in Eastern India has emerged as a hotspot of voice phishing activity. Voice phishing, also known as 'vishing', is the use of fraudulent phone calls to trick people into giving money or revealing personal information. Vishing fraudsters often use modern VOIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) features such as caller ID spoofing and automated systems (IVR) to impede detection by law enforcement agencies. Vishing is typically used to steal credit card numbers, banking details or other information for identity theft and related crimes.\nThe promise of earning huge amount of money in shorter span of time is used to lure unemployed and educated youth into this scam. The entire vishing racket is being run like an organised crime. The networks that run these scams have also started feeding other crimes like arms smuggling, money laundering, and gang wars. The system is on the verge of collapse and the common people are losing faith in the capability of administration to improve law and order in the district. The situation has been further worsened by unconfirmed reports that local politicians as well as some senior police officers are providing surreptitious patronage to the phishing mafia. The poor reputation of the district has started to reflect in international headlines. The youth from the area are stigmatised and face hurdles in gaining employment due to the negative perceptions about the district.\nYou are a police officer who is appointed as superintendent of police to bring the situation to normalcy. Identify the various dimensions of the crisis. Based on your understanding, suggest measures to deal with the same.","20","250"],[53,"Q.11 Nisrael, a country in West Asia, recently faced an unprecedented attack on its soil, in which more than 1500 people were brutally massacred. Thousands were injured, and around 200 people were taken hostage. The coordinated attack from land, air, and sea was carried out by an organization named Tamas, which many countries, including Nisrael have designated as a terrorist organization. On the other hand, Tamas argues that it represents the cause of the people of Salestine, whose land is under the illegal occupation of Nisrael. Tamas justified its actions as armed resistance against Nisrael for freedom and self-determination.\nThe attack has sent shockwaves across Nisrael and around the world. Serious questions are being raised by citizens over the intelligence failure of Nisrael's Kossad, one of the most renowned intelligence agencies in the world. However, for the time being, Nisraelis have rallied behind their government and want a befitting response to such an audacious attack. Consequently, the PM of Nisrael has declared war on the Tamas and vowed to eliminate every member of the Tamas. Nisrael has responded by conducting aerial bombings of the Daza strip, which is governed by Tamas. The Daza Strip is a densely populated region, and aerial strikes by Nisrael have led to the killing of many innocent civilians. It is reported that more than 10,000 people have lost their lives in Daza, including some of the hostages as well. There is an acute shortage of food, fuel, and essential items in Daza. The United Nations has warned that the situation in Daza may turn into a grave humanitarian crisis.\nMeanwhile, the international community seems to be divided over the issue. While some countries are defending Nisrael's actions as an act of self-defense, others are blaming Nisrael's illegal occupation of Salestinian territory as the root cause of the conflict and supporting the Tamas. Some nations are pursuing a diplomatic tightrope walk by condemning the ghastly attack on Nisrael and raising concerns over the humanitarian crisis in the Daza strip. Experts fear that if a ceasefire is not declared immediately between the warring parties, the conflict may spiral to other countries in the restive West Asia and may assume catastrophic consequences.\nDharmat, a country in Asia, has good relations with both Nisrael and Salestine. While it has historic ties with Salestine, its relations with Nisrael have grown by leaps and bounds in recent times. Dharmat and Nisrael are strategic partners and are actively cooperating in different sectors like agriculture, wastewater management, counter-terrorism, etc. Also, Nisrael is one of the largest suppliers of cutting-edge defense equipment to Dharmat. Both Nisrael and Salestine have reached out to Dharmat to garner support for their respective positions. In Dharmat, there have been rallies and marches in support of both Nisrael and Salestine by different groups.\nThe Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) of Dharmat is exploring an official response to the whole situation. You are the secretary in MEA, tasked with drafting a response regarding the same.\na) What are the various ethical issues involved in the case study?\nb) List various factors that you would consider while drafting the response.","20","250"],[54,"a) What are the various ethical issues involved in the case study?\nb) While preparing the response, consider the various factors and make a list of them.","20","250"],[59,"Q.12 Sundar, a young government servant, joined the office with great enthusiasm and desire to serve the public. Soon after getting a government job, Sundar got married with Sarita who is also a government servant working as a junior engineer in electricity department. But both of them have different postings. They work from two different cities and live separately. Sundar has applied for his transfer many times, but in vain.\nWith his dedication to work, Sundar is making a great image of himself and is getting appreciation from his peers and seniors. Because of his great performance, he got an important task of auditing the performance of “Housing for all” scheme. The scheme aims to provide affordable housing to the urban poor population. However, his study and research led to some shocking results. He found out that most of the houses are being acquired by relatives of local politicians and government servants.\nThe deserving urban poor population is still deprived of shelter and this has been the case from past few years. With further investigation, he realized that there is a massive ongoing scam. While the government is not allotting the completed houses to the beneficiaries, the poor are being lured and looted of their hard-earned money with the promised dream of a house of their own. Sundar prepared a file with all the details and evidence and presented it to the SDM.\nThe SDM, a relative of the central government minister, was fully involved in the corruption. Now, to save himself, SDM offers Sundar a deal that if he does not reveal the details of study, he will get a job at the same location as his wife. He is also offered a house from the scheme itself. On the other hand, he was warned that refusal to accept this proposal may entail retaliatory action by SDM against him.\nAs you are a very good friend of Sundar, He discusses the matter with you. Answer the following questions:\na) Why such instance of corruption in government programmes are common across the country? How can they be prevented?\nb) Enumerate various interests involved in this case from the perspective of different stakeholders. What advice will you give to Sundar?","20","250"],[60,"a) सरकारी कार्यक्रमों में भ्रष्टाचार के ऐसे उदाहरण पूरे देश में आम क्यों हैं? उन्हें कैसे रोका जा सकता है?\nb) विभिन्न हितधारकों के दृष्टिकोण से इस केस अध्ययन में शामिल विभिन्न हितों को गिनाएं। आप सुंदर को क्या सलाह देंगे?","20 अंक","20 अंक"]]},{"i":782,"t":"Snehith Chakka","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":2025,"r":139,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/CHAKKA-SNEHITHUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-139-Sample-MGP-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) How will you explain that the values of tolerance and inclusiveness which were deeply embedded in ancient Indian society continue to persist and flourish in the present times?","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Digital technologies can play a significant role in bridging the gender gap in India; however, it is mired in its own set of challenges. Discuss.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3 Castelessness is a privilege that only a few can afford whose caste privilege has already translated into social, political, and economic capital. Comment.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) Even after seven decades of independence, the colonial mindset continues to cast its shadow on Indian society. Examine.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5 Globalization involves a complex exchange of cultural influences, where local identities are transformed by global forces, while global culture in turn is shaped by local identities. Discuss.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) Enumerate the factors behind the proliferation of the IT industry in India. Also, Explain the reasons behind the skewed concentration of the IT industry within the country.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) The eastern coast and the western coast of India differ considerably in their geographical characteristics. Explain.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) Discuss the factors behind distribution of global palm oil production. Why does India depend on palm oil imports despite having conditions suitable for its cultivation?","10","150"],[19,"Q.9 Why is Mediterranean climate different from China-type climate despite being on a similar latitude? Also explain how the differences in climate affect life and economic activities in the region.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10 Describe the various types of fronts and their role in formation of extra-tropical cyclones.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11) Cities are the engines of economic growth, but they can also be the black holes of the environment. What are some of the key environmental challenges facing urban areas in the 21st century? How should modern cities address these challenges?","15","250"],[26,"Q.12 To what extent do traditional Indian family values align with the principles of constitutional morality? How can the Indian society resolve the tension between preserving traditional values and embracing social change?","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 Why does communalism still persist in the country, despite it being widely recognized as a threat? Do you think that Indian model of secularism has failed to build an inclusive and integrated society? Justify.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 What do you understand by footloose industries? Discuss their significance and provide a suitable strategy for the growth of footloose industries in India.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 Enumerate the major reasons that make the Indian economy heavily reliant on coal. Explain why phasing out coal from our energy basket is difficult.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16) With help of a neat diagram, describe the general atmospheric circulation. Highlight the factors that affect the movement of winds on earth?","15","250"],[41,"Q.17) Describe the role of geography in shaping patterns of international trade and globalization. To what extent can geopolitical shifts overpower the logic of geography?","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 Mangroves play a significant role in coastal ecology and economy. Examine. Also, elaborate the reasons behind the accelerated destruction of the mangrove habitat.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 Write an explanatory note on the global distribution of earthquakes with the help of map. Also, throw light on the various consequences associated with earthquakes.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 Although poor air quality is a perennial problem, it gets intensified during the winter months in Delhi-NCR. Explain. Evaluate the efficacy of existing measures to control air pollution.","15","250"]]},{"i":785,"t":"Srigiriraju V P S Sai Krishna","c":"Forumias","p":"Essay","y":2025,"r":125,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/SRIGIRIRAJU-V-P-S-SAI-KRISHNAUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-125-Sample-ESSAY-Copy-5.pdf","q":[[3,"1. Patience, persistence, and perspiration make an unbeatable combination for success.","",""],[17,"SECTION - B\n1. The most valuable of all capital is the one invested in human beings.\n2. Massive poverty and obscene inequality are the social evils of contemporary times.\n3. Climate change is just not a political but an intergenerational justice issue.\n4. Globalisation needs a new Asian champion.","",""]]},{"i":787,"t":"Srigiriraju V P S Sai Krishna","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2025,"r":125,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/SRIGIRIRAJU-V-P-S-SAI-KRISHNAUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-125-Sample-MGP-Copy-2.pdf","q":[[47,"Q. 19 The inactivity of SAARC as a regional body has thrown concerns on its sustenance amidst disturbed Indo-Pakistan relationships.","",""]]},{"i":788,"t":"Srigiriraju V P S Sai Krishna","c":"Forumias","p":"GS3","y":2025,"r":125,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/SRIGIRIRAJU-V-P-S-SAI-KRISHNAUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-125-Sample-MGP-Copy-3.pdf","q":[[25,"What now?","",""]]},{"i":786,"t":"Srigiriraju V P S Sai Krishna","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":2025,"r":125,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/SRIGIRIRAJU-V-P-S-SAI-KRISHNAUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-125-Sample-MGP-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1 (a) Essential ethical traits for ethical governance","",""]]},{"i":791,"t":"Srishti Mishra","c":"Nextias","p":"GS1","y":null,"r":95,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/93393beb2b7e996905ce7ea7f8b78443/11/air-95-srishti-mishra_test-9_gs1.pdf","q":[[6,"1. Numerous foreign travellers have vividly documented their observations of the Vijayanagara Empire over time, offering valuable sources for reconstructing its history. Elucidate.","10","150"],[8,"2. 'Adi Shankaracharya had a profound role in uniting seemingly irreconcilable worldviews of thought'. In this context discuss his philosophical thought and its lasting impact on Indian philosophy.","10","150"],[10,"3. Do you agree that Dr BR Ambedkar's view of the caste problem was more political than social? Also highlight his efforts aimed at social reform.","10","150"],[12,"4. How does oceanic salinity vary across different regions of the world's oceans, and what factors contribute to these variations?","10","Answer in 150"],[14,"5. Explain the origin of Indian islands in the Bay of Bengal and the Indian Ocean.","10","150"],[16,"6. Examine the factors contributing to India's groundwater crisis, and its implications for agriculture and water security in the country.","10","150"],[18,"7. What are critical minerals, and how do they influence technological advancement and national security?","10","Answer in 150"],[20,"8. How does fostering pluralism within Indian society contribute to the endeavour of nation-building?","10","150"],[22,"9. Discuss the changing nature of problems the working class is facing due to the emerging gig economy.","10","150"],[24,"10. Homogenisation tendencies as a result of globalisation have in fact preserved and promoted the local cultures of India. Comment.","10","150"],[26,"11. What are the circumstances that led to the disintegration of the USSR and the end of the Cold War? How did the end of the cold war contribute to the spread of Globalization across the world?","15","Answer in 250"],[29,"12. How did the enduring legacy of the Harappan Civilization leave a mark on the evolution of Indian culture even after its sudden decline?","15","Answer in 250"],[32,"13. How did Mahatma Gandhi's participation in the Khilafat Movement illustrate his ability to connect diverse issues and mobilize different communities towards a common cause? To what extent did the Khilafat movement achieve its objective?","15","250"],[35,"14. How is Transit Oriented Development (TOD) linked to the concept of a sustainable urban transportation system? Discuss its impact on overall enhanced quality of life for citizens.","15","250"],[38,"15. Although desert landscapes across the world reflect many similarities the process of desertification is influenced by local factors. Elaborate with suitable examples.","15","250"],[41,"16. Explain the various stages of the formation of The Great Himalayas. How Eastern Himalayas is different from Western Himalayas?","15","Answer in 250"],[44,"17. Describe the significance of eco-sensitive zones in environmental conservation and provide examples of how they are designated and managed in different geographical regions?","15","250"],[47,"18. How has the pandemic reshaped the landscape of education, and what long-term effects might these changes have on teaching methods and learning outcomes?","15","Answer in 250"],[50,"19. Analyze the factors behind the upsurge of ethnic identity struggle in the context of India, and discuss their implications for the country's social fabric.","15","250"],[53,"20. How does patriarchy differently impact the dynamics of the workplace vis a vis the household?","15","Answer in 250"]]},{"i":793,"t":"Srishti Mishra","c":"Nextias","p":"GS1","y":null,"r":95,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/93393beb2b7e996905ce7ea7f8b78443/15/air-95-srishti-mishra_test-1_gs1.pdf","q":[[12,"Q6 Write Resolution who the milk and cooperative resolution of India that drastically increased not just milk production but also farmers' supplementary income.\n(i) It was initiated in a small village of Gujarat (Amul) so the momentum was greatest in the region.\n(ii) Government support through regional focus, only later it was expanded to the country.\n(iii) Greater willingness to cooperate amongst the farmers.\n(iv) Fewer land rivalries due to effective implementation of land reforms in Gujarat in early 1950s and 1960s.","",""]]},{"i":792,"t":"Srishti Mishra","c":"Nextias","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":95,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/93393beb2b7e996905ce7ea7f8b78443/12/air-95-srishti-mishra_test-10_gs2.pdf","q":[[6,"1. The recent Supreme Court judgments on human rights issues mark a remarkable shift in using International law and treaties not just as a source of inspiration but as a source of law. Examine with reference to relevant case laws.","10","150"],[8,"2. The United States and India have their own distinctive jurisprudence on freedom of speech and expression despite the similarities in constitutional provisions. Analyse.","10","Answer in 150"],[10,"3. Fundamental Duties are a reminder that citizenship is not merely a passive status but an active engagement. Discuss. What are the challenges in their legal enforcement?","10","150"],[12,"4. Discuss the mandate of the Central Administrative Tribunal (CAT). To what extent earlier SC verdicts have resolved the jurisdictional tussle between CAT and High courts? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[14,"5. 'Equality under the Indian constitution is not merely about formal equality, it also incorporates the idea of substantive equality'. Discuss this statement in light of constitutional provisions and relevant Supreme Court judgments.","10","150"],[16,"6. Pressure groups and political parties are inherently similar in their objective to democratise the political process, however, more and more pressure groups today aspire to transform into political parties. Elaborate and highlight the factors that are encouraging this transformation.","10","150"],[18,"7. \"Can the infusion of foreign educational institutions be a transformative step in enhancing the global competitiveness of higher education in India and addressing the prevailing quality challenges?\" Justify with reason.","10","Answer in 150"],[20,"8. To address the limitations of the public health system, how can the private sector contribute effectively to bridging the gap to ensure equitable and accessible healthcare for all? Discuss.","10","150"],[22,"9. There is an urgent need for global cooperation to eradicate poverty and hunger. In this context analyse how international cooperation can impact efforts to address the challenges of poverty and hunger.","10","150"],[24,"10. The changing global dynamics require prompt effective and meaningful reforms within the World Trade Organization (WTO), to ensure its relevance and capacity to address modern trade complexities. Discuss.","10","150"],[26,"11. How has the 69th Constitutional amendment led to Delhi's dual governance dilemma? Discuss its impact on cooperative federalism as envisaged in the Constitution.","15","Answer in 250"],[29,"12. \"Constitution envisages an independent judiciary, not insulated judiciary\"; In the light of the given statement, discuss the issues associated with the appointment of judges in the higher judiciary and explore alternatives to the current system.","15","250"],[32,"13. The National Commission for Scheduled Tribe (NCST) has largely been confined to a monitoring and advisory role. What are the impediments in the functioning of NCST despite the constitutional status, also suggests reforms.","15","250"],[35,"14. Under what circumstances can the Governor reserve a state bill for the consideration of the President and why is the provision controversial? Also, discuss the reforms suggested by Punchhi Commission in this regard.","15","Answer in 250"],[38,"15. The Ninth Schedule fabricated a constitutional paradox to safeguard laws related to socio-economic justice from being challenged under the fundamental right to property. Does the ninth schedule have any relevance in present times? How did the IR Coelho judgment resolve this paradox?","15","Answer in 250"],[41,"16. \"Central Information Commission stands as the guardian of democracy, with an unwavering relevance to good governance.\" Justify the context in terms of the mandate of the CIC. Has the statutory status limited the effectiveness of the commission in recent times?","15","Answer in 250"],[44,"17. Discuss the significance of the POCSO Act in ensuring the safety and protection of children against sexual offences. What changes would you suggest to the present Act to enhance its effective implementation?","15","Answer in 250"],[47,"18. Technology serves as the catalyst for reshaping the traditional contours of bureaucracy, propelling it to become more efficient, transparent and citizen-centric. Explain and also explore how the integration of technology can expedite governmental efforts aimed at modernizing the civil service.","15","250"],[50,"19. India and US have had an oscillating relationship in the past, to what extent has the relationship acquired depth in recent times? How should New Delhi navigate its relationship with the US after its sharp divergence with Washington on the issue of the Russia-Ukraine war?","15","250"],[53,"20. How has the India-ASEAN partnership evolved since the implementation of the 'Look East Policy'? In what ways can India leverage the increasing strength of its economy alongside geopolitical realities as opportunities to foster closer India and ASEAN relations?","15","250"]]},{"i":789,"t":"Srishti Mishra","c":"Nextias","p":"GS3","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/05e79e85886db31c562f8e2fb26b6867/27/eco-3_srishti-mishra_-ecfc23l1020.pdf","q":[[35,"How could these issues have been avoided?","",""],[41,"2 Trend in growth of Industry :-\n(a) Was this trend responsible for diversified industrialization?","",""],[49,"What more can be done?","",""]]},{"i":794,"t":"Srishti Mishra","c":"Nextias","p":"GS3","y":null,"r":95,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/93393beb2b7e996905ce7ea7f8b78443/8/air-95-srishti-mishra_test-11_gs3.pdf","q":[[6,"1. Differentiate between Consumer Price Index (CPI) and Wholesale Price Index (WPI). Do you think that CPI is a better measure of inflation as compared to WPI? Substantiate.","10","150"],[7,"Is CPI better than WPI?","",""],[8,"2. Jobless growth is an inherent feature of India's growth trajectory. What are the major reasons behind the high unemployment rate in India? Suggest remedial measures to improve the overall employment growth rate in India.","10","150"],[10,"3. Bringing urea under the NBS scheme is seen as the panacea for all the issues related to fertiliser subsidies in India as well as for the environmental problems of agriculture. Highlighting the issues related to urea management, suggest reforms are required to improve the usage of urea in a sustainable manner in India.","10","150"],[12,"4. India's food security faces challenges from not just domestic factors but also global factors. Comment. Discuss some ways to strengthen India's food security.","10","150"],[14,"5. Recently, India became the 27th signatory to the Artemis Accord led by NASA. Critically analyse its implications for the space exploration programmes in India.","10","150"],[16,"6. How does the decomposition of organic matter in the soil contribute to the carbon cycle, and what are the key factors that influence this process?","10","Answer in 150"],[18,"7. Climate change mitigation and adaptation strategy is not only about reducing future emissions but also involves active removal of already released carbon into the atmosphere. In this context what do you understand by the concept of Carbon Capture, Utilisation and Storage (CCUS) and discuss the progress of the international community in this regard.","10","Answer in 150"],[20,"8. Poor building design, flagrant violations of building codes and fire safety norms and overcrowding of spaces are responsible for the rising risk of fires in urban areas. Discuss.","10","150"],[22,"9. Ethnic conflicts and cross-border migration along India-Myanmar and India-Bangladesh borders impact India's internal security. Comment.","10","150"],[24,"10. What are the main challenges faced by law enforcement agencies in investigating and prosecuting cases of money laundering, and how can they be overcome?","10","Answer in 150"],[26,"11. Low tax buoyancy often translates into higher deficits and debt. Can a higher direct tax rate improve the overall tax-to-GDP ratio in India? What other steps can be undertaken to revamp the overall tax structure in India?","15","Answer in 250"],[29,"12. Startups are the driving engines of the fast-changing modern economy. Why have Indian startups failed to realise their potential? What steps can be undertaken to improve the profitability and performance of startups in India?","15","Answer in 250"],[32,"13. Import of edible oils forms a major part of India's import bill. In this context, evaluate the importance of the recently launched National Mission on Edible Oils and Oil Palm (NMEO-OP). What are the environmental concerns related to increasing palm oil production in India?","15","Answer in 250"],[35,"14. A robust livestock economy can act as a parallel source of farmers' income. Highlighting the role of the livestock economy in the agriculture sector in India, discuss the challenges faced by the livestock sector in India. Suggest interventions that can strengthen the livestock sector to contribute to the overall well-being of the farmers.","15","250"],[38,"15. Nuclear fusion has been hailed as the energy source of the future, with the potential to provide clean, safe, and virtually limitless energy. Discuss the scientific principles behind nuclear fusion and the challenges and opportunities in harnessing this technology for practical applications.","15","Answer in 250"],[41,"16. What have been the difficulties in the administration of IPRs in India? Suggest measures to improve the administration of IPRs in order to encourage an innovation-led economy in India.","15","250"],[44,"17. The recent amendments in the Wildlife Protection Act provide a framework to prevent illegal trade in wild animals and plants to ensure that their survival is not threatened. In this regard, mention the implications of illegal wildlife trade in India and analyse the effectiveness of the recent amendments to address the issue.","15","250"],[47,"18. Analyse the factors that contribute to the increased incidence and severity of floods in urban areas and the measures that can be taken to reduce the risk and enhance the resilience of the population.","15","250"],[50,"19. Do you think that intelligence and law enforcement agencies in India have the necessary resources and capabilities to effectively tackle the link between organised crime and terrorism?","15","250"],[53,"20. India needs to update its Information Technology Act, of 2000 to deal with emerging internal and external communication security and to make the cyber ecosystem more safe and secure. Discuss.","15","Answer in 250"]]},{"i":790,"t":"Srishti Mishra","c":"Nextias","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":95,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/93393beb2b7e996905ce7ea7f8b78443/10/air-95-srishti-mishra_test-12_gs4.pdf","q":[[6,"1. (a) Most civil servants are neither pure deontologists nor pure utilitarians, but they operate according to a kind of ethical pluralism.\" Do you agree? Discuss your position with suitable examples.","10","150"],[8,"1. (b) The motivation to seek a career in public service and perform public service can be due to attraction to public service, commitment to public values, self-sacrifice and compassion. Among the four, what is the primary public service motivator for you? Explain your motivating factor.","10","150"],[10,"2. (a) One of the critical areas of governance is developing policies for managing public health emergencies such as COVID. While tackling such health emergencies, the government may take measures that involve the abdication of liberty on the part of the citizens. According to you, what ethical principles should guide the government's public health policymaking?","10","150"],[12,"2 (b) Identify any four components of emotional intelligence relevant to public services. Explain their role in administrative decision-making.","10","150"],[14,"3. (a) Values lie at the core of the diverse world of human behaviour and are expressed in every human decision and action. In keeping with the above statement, explain with the help of illustrations how values impact an individual's behaviour.","10","150"],[16,"3. (b) Explain the difference between codes of ethics, codes of conduct and codes of rules and regulations. Do you think an increase in the number of codes and regulations is an efficient response to the decline of public trust and integrity issues? Why/why not?","10","150"],[18,"4. Explain the meaning of the following quotations and discuss their contemporary relevance.\n(a) The root of happiness is Dharma (righteousness), the root of Dharma is Artha (economy), the root of Artha is right governance.","10","150"],[20,"4. (b) \"The most important human endeavour is the striving for morality in our actions. Our inner balance and even our existence depend on it. Only morality in our actions can give beauty and dignity to life.\" (Answer in 150 words) 10 Marks","10","150"],[22,"4. (c) \"Humility is the most difficult of all virtues to achieve; nothing dies harder than the desire to think well of oneself.\" (Answer in 150 words) 10 Marks","10","150"],[24,"5. (a) Prioritising ethical concerns within public administration and policy has monetary costs in terms of training and other expenses. Do you think the financial cost of actively pursuing ethical standards by the government is justified? Discuss.","10","150"],[26,"5 (b) Distinguish between administrative, legal and professional accountability. Despite multiple institutional accountability mechanisms, the government has failed to make a dent in systemic corruption. What do you think are the reasons for the poor performance of accountability mechanisms?","10","150"],[28,"6. (a) Economists view transparency as a condition for open markets and political scientists view it as a condition for public participation. What does transparency imply in public administration ethics? Is it only a flow of information or more than that? Explain.","10","150"],[30,"6. (b) Persuasion performs a number of positive, prosocial functions. However, people often equate persuasion with manipulation and consider it unethical. What are the ethical values a persuader must respect to ensure the ethicality of the act of persuasion? Explain.","10","150"],[32,"You are the VP (Operations) of a company that manufactures and supplies space probes and satellite equipment to Government space agencies. The company has been in the business for over four decades and has built considerable expertise in producing and delivering high-quality products. The business was good.\nAs VP of Operations, it was your responsibility to ensure the completion of projects and deliverables on time. A critical deliverable was running behind schedule due to the non-availability of a specific raw material. The material in question was an environmentally hazardous chemical that the Environmental Ministry banned. But considering the importance of the chemical compound for the space industry, the Environment Ministry was planning to allow controlled use in about three weeks. You and the company management didn’t have three week waiting time.\nFurther, there was severe pressure from the Department of Space to complete the deliverable on time as a lot was riding politically on the project. After internal discussions, you met the Space Department officials to explain the predicament and request a deadline extension. When the meeting happened, you were shocked by the attitude of the Department officials. They refused to accept any delay and suggested circumventing the environmental ministry’s prohibition and procuring and using the chemical. They justified it by saying the ministry would allow controlled use in a few weeks. So, why wait? Besides, they noted that the environment ministry doesn’t understand space priorities and their intricacies. They pointed out that everything is justified in the name of national interest.\n1. What are the issues involved in the above case?\n2. What are the options available to you?\n3. Discuss the merits and demerits of each option and select your chosen course of action.\n4. What do you understand by National Interest? Do you think it is ethically justified for a nation to prioritise security and economics over and above social justice and social development priorities?","20","250"],[37,"8 (a) इस मामले से जुड़े नैतिक मुद्दे कौन-कौन से हैं?\n(b) आपके पास कौन-कौन से विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\n(c) सभी विकल्पों का विश्लेषण कीजिए और अपने द्वारा चुने हुए विकल्प को स्पष्ट कीजिए।\n(d) क्या आपको लगता है कि उपरोक्त मामले में ग्राहक की गोपनीयता और विश्वास के उल्लंघन को उचित ठहराया जा सकता है?\n(250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए) [20 अंक]\na) इस मामले से जुड़े नैतिक मुद्दे कौन-कौन से हैं?\nb) आपके पास कौन-कौन से विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\nc) सभी विकल्पों का विश्लेषण कीजिए और अपने द्वारा चुने हुए विकल्प को स्पष्ट कीजिए।\nd) क्या आपको लगता है कि उपरोक्त मामले में ग्राहक की गोपनीयता और विश्वास के उल्लंघन को उचित ठहराया जा सकता है?","20 अंक","250 शब्दों में"],[38,"1. What are the issues involved in the case?\n2. What are the options available to you?\n3. Select your course of action after analysing all the options\n4. Do you think breaching client confidentiality and trust can be justified in the above case?","20","Answer in 250"],[42,"9 (a) उपरोक्त मामले में कौन से मुद्दे और नैतिक दुविधाएं शामिल हैं?  \n(b) यदि आप प्रभारी अधिकारी होते तो आप मामले को कैसे आगे बढ़ाते?  \n(c) प्रशासनिक विकल्पों का पता लगाएं और सलाह दें कि रश्मी को क्या कदम उठाना चाहिए।  \n(d) आप विधवा को कैसे देखेंगे- उसके पति के अपराध की शिकार या आरोपी के रूप में? अधिकारी सिद्ध कीजिए।\na) उपरोक्त मामले में कौन से मुद्दे और नैतिक दुविधाएं शामिल हैं?\nb) यदि आप प्रभारी अधिकारी होते तो आप मामले को कैसे आगे बढ़ाते?\nc) प्रशासनिक विकल्पों का पता लगाएं और सलाह दें कि रश्मी को क्या कदम उठाना चाहिए।\nd) आप विधवा को कैसे देखेंगे- उसके पति के अपराध की शिकार या आरोपी के रूप में? अधिकारी सिद्ध कीजिए।","20 अंक","250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए"],[43,"1. What are the issues and ethical dilemmas involved in the above case?\n2. How would you proceed with the case if you were the officer in charge?\n3. Explore relevant options and advise what course of action Rashmi should take.\n4. How would you see the widow as a victim of her husband's crime or an accused? Justify.","20","Answer in 250"],[47,"10 You are working as an Assistant Librarian in a State University for ten years. In the last ten years, you had witnessed the growth of the university in all academic and research areas. As the university expanded, it commissioned new departments and research labs, launched new courses and hired new staff. With new academic courses coming in, the library also grew in terms of books, periodicals and online research facilities. The library needed a new team and it brought in contractual staff. One such contractual library counter staff was Pallavi, who was with the library for four years. She was a diligent staff, meticulous in record-keeping and courteous in public dealings. But somehow the Librarian Mr Thakur had taken a personal dislike to her. He never lost an occasion to insult Pallavi even in the presence of students publicly. Pallavi never complained about this harassment as being a widowed single mother she needed the job, and she didn't want to give any reason to Mr Thakur to dismiss her. One day things went a little out of line with Mr Thakur verbally abusing Pallavi in front of the entire staff. You couldn't bear it, and you wanted to intervene, but you didn't. But the next day when you reached the library with your guilty and troubled conscience, you talk to Pallavi and decide to help her.\n1. What are the issues involved in the above case?\n2. What are the options Pallavi has? How should she navigate the issues with Mr Thakur?\n3. What do you think is the problem with Mr Thakur, is it a lack of emotional intelligence or something else?\n4. How do you think you will be able to help Pallavi?","20","Answer in 250"],[52,"11 An influential politician, a third-time MP, was known in his State for his infrastructure development works, especially roads and irrigation canals. Acknowledging his developmental work and goodwill, the Party appointed him the State Party President. Since his Party is also the ruling Party in the State, the MP has started working closely with the Chief Minister. After six months of becoming the Party President, the MP learned that a sizable amount of development funds were diverted to party promotional activities. Further, a few mega-development projects were allocated to the relatives of the CM and a few of his close ministers. The MP was neither impressed nor happy with how the State government managed the development funds because the Party had won the last elections promising development and clean administration. There was a lot of financial corruption in the State ministries; some of the ministers used the State machinery for personal purposes. He knew if the Party continued to function the way it is now, it would be an electoral disaster in the next elections. The MP was a politician with a conscience. His dilemma was that, as a Party President, he had to ensure his Party won the next elections. To do that, he had to clean up the State administration, which meant locking horns with the CM, an extremely powerful figure well-supported by the Party's senior members. And importantly, the MP was unwilling to risk his political career, which he had built after years of hard work.\n1. What do you think are the issues involved in the above case?\n2. What options are available to the MP in the above case?\n3. Evaluate the options and suggest a course of action to the MP.\n4. Distinguish between political and bureaucratic corruption. Can bureaucracy play a role in checking political corruption?","20","Answer in 250"],[57,"12 You are a senior engineer working for S & P Constructions, a prominent government contractor. You are working at a construction site building a nuclear reactor facility. Along with other responsibilities at the site, you were also the safety in charge. One day as you did your weekly safety audit, you noticed that the welders had not followed procedures and used the wrong materials in some sections. The situation was hazardous since some defective welds appeared on the water pipes carrying coolant to the reactor core. The rupture of the pipes could cause disaster if safety backups failed simultaneously. You called a meeting of the welding supervisors to instruct them to rectify the faulty weldings. But even after two weeks, the welds were not fixed, and when asked, the supervisors said they had instructions from the superiors to go ahead with the way it is. You were shocked at this compromise of safety. You travelled to the HQ to discuss this with the senior management. Instead of taking corrective action, the senior management transferred you to a different site and warned you about discussing the safety practices of the nuclear site. You needed the job, so you returned to your new workplace quietly. After five years, the nuclear reactor was in the news for pipe bursts, killing ten engineers and due to the fallout, the neighbouring villages had to be evacuated. You could see your fears coming true. The nuclear facility was shut down, and an inquiry was instituted. You were also summoned for questioning as you handled safety during the construction. You were in a dilemma; tell the truth of safety compromise or hide it and keep the job. Further, your conscience was troubling you that you could have done something five years back instead of quickly taking the transfer.\n1. What are the issues involved in the above case?\n2. What options do you have in the above dilemma?\n3. After evaluating the options, identify which option you would choose.\n4. Do you think whistle-blowing could have been a good option five years back?","20","Answer in 250"]]},{"i":795,"t":"Sruthii R","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":2025,"r":18,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/SRUTHII-R-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-18-Sample-AWFG-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[2,"Q.1) Read the article given below and summarize it in your own words.","",""],[3,"Q.2 Discuss the roles and impacts of ANY TWO of the below personalities on the Indian National Struggle.\na. Mahatma Gandhi\nb. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar\nc. Subhas Chandra Bose","",""],[10,"3 'The Best summary of the Philosophy of Indian Constitution can be found in preamble'","",""]]},{"i":797,"t":"Sudipa Dutta","c":"Vision","p":"GS1","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/5efb7-1244110_2092_sudipa_dutta_rank_41.pdf","q":[[2,"1. (a) Direct interactions with social groups, like families and peers, teach people how others expect them to behave. Likewise, a society as a whole reinforces and shapes values through its norms, institutions, media, and collective behaviour. Discuss how a society's formal and informal institutions socialize its population, with examples.","10","150"],[4,"1. (b) Do you think technology can play a role in establishing a value-centric modern society? Critically evaluate.","10","150"],[6,"2. (a) \"Drop by drop is the water pot filled. Likewise, the wise man, gathering it little by little, fills himself with good.\" Discuss. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[8,"2. (b) There is an ongoing debate on what constitute the core components necessary to define empathy. However, the three that are most often included in psychologists' definitions are affective understanding, emotional contagion, and cognitive perspective-taking. Explain with suitable illustrations.","10","150"],[10,"3 What does each of the following quotations mean to you?\n(a) \"The end-product of education should be a free creative man, who can battle against historical circumstances and adversities of nature.\" Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[12,"3. (b) \"Forgiveness is not an occasional act. It is a permanent attitude.\" Martin Luther King, Jr. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[14,"3. (c) \"The greatest leader is not necessarily the one who does the greatest things. He is the one that gets the people to do the greatest things.\" Ronald Reagan (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"4. (a) What are the signs that show that an individual ranks on the lower spectrum of emotional intelligence? How far is technology leading to a decline in the emotional intelligence of people, especially the younger generations?","10","150"],[18,"4. (b) \"Action is a catalyst for profound shifts in attitude of an individual.\" How far do you agree with the statement? Give suitable examples to substantiate your answer.","10","150"],[20,"5. (a) Thirukkural advocates a conscious and a spirit-centered approach to business ethics based on eternal values and moral principles that should govern the conduct of business leaders. What are the ethical issues faced by businesses in contemporary times? How will the teachings of Thirukkural assist in their resolution? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[22,"5. (b) Laws promote social control by resolving basic value conflicts, settling individual disputes, and making rules that even our rulers must follow. But, law does not always achieve its purpose and can rather harm society. In this background, discuss the limitations and dysfunctions of law, with examples. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[24,"6. (a) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the spending of public money by the government on advertisements? What measures would you suggest to address these issues? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[26,"6. (b) In India, there are conduct rules, which govern an officer's behaviour and conduct. These include the Central Services (Conduct) Rules, 1964, All India Services (Conduct) Rules, 1968 etc. Do you think there is a need for a separate Code of Ethics for civil servants in India? What important values should be part of such a Code of Ethics? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[28,"7. In this context, answer the following:\n(a) What are the various issues involved in the given situation?\n(b) Do you think that the problem of price ceiling will create another problem?\n(c) What long-term measures can be taken to deal with the issues arising in such cases? (Answer in 250 words)","","around 250"],[29,"(a) What are the various issues in the above situation?\n(b) Do you think a price-cap solves the given problem by creating another one?\n(c) What are the long-term measures that can be taken to deal with issues arising in such cases? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[33,"8 (a) दी गई स्थिति में आपके द्वारा सामना की जाने वाली नैतिक दुविधाएं कौन-सी हैं?\n(b) दी गई स्थितियों में, आपके पास कौन-से विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\n(c) आपके द्वारा सूचीबद्ध प्रत्येक विकल्प का समालोचनात्मक मूल्यांकन कीजिए।\n(d) आप कौन-सा विकल्प चुनेंगे और क्यों? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)\na) दी गई स्थिति में आपके द्वारा सामना की जाने वाली नैतिक दुविधाएं कौन-सी हैं?\nb) दी गई स्थितियों में, आपके पास कौन-से विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\nc) आपके द्वारा सूचीबद्ध प्रत्येक विकल्प का समालोचनात्मक मूल्यांकन कीजिए।\nd) आप कौन-सा विकल्प चुनेंगे और क्यों? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250 शब्दों में"],[34,"(a) What are the ethical dilemmas faced by you in the given situation?\n(b) Under the given conditions, what are the options available to you?\n(c) Critically evaluate each of the options listed by you.\n(d) What option would you adopt and why? (Answer in 250 words)\na) What are the ethical dilemmas faced by you in the given situation?\nb) Under the given conditions, what are the options available to you?\nc) Critically evaluate each of the options listed by you.\nd) What option would you adopt and why? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[38,"9 You are the head of the Human Resources (HR) department of a reputed tech company in India that has several high profile national and international clients. It has recently come to your notice that a few employees of the Software Development Team have become irregular and insincere towards their work in the past few months. In the past, this team has been instrumental in timely executing projects, resulting in massive revenue and profits for the company. When you enquire about the issue in detail, you find that many employees including the senior leaders of the concerned team are juggling between multiple jobs. This phenomenon is popularly known as 'moonlighting'. When you ask the employees, most of whom have been high performers, their argument is that doing multiple jobs makes them more skillful and resourceful in their work.\n(a) मून लाइटिंग से जुड़े नैतिक मुद्दों को रेखांकित कीजिए।\n(b) कंपनी के HR प्रमुख के रूप में, आपके समक्ष कौन-से विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\n(c) इनमें से प्रत्येक विकल्प का मूल्यांकन कीजिए और कारण बताते हुए आपके द्वारा अपनाए जाने वाले विकल्प का चयन कीजिए। (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250"],[39,"In this context:\n(a) Highlight the ethical issues associated with moonlighting.\n(b) As the HR head of the company, what are the options available to you?\n(c) Evaluate each of these options and choose the option, which you would adopt, giving reasons.","20","Answer in 250"],[43,"10 You are the CEO of a highly successful multinational clothing corporation based in a developed country. Your brand is a household name and your products are sold worldwide. In an attempt to manage production costs and maintain competitive pricing, your company outsources its manufacturing operations to a developing nation where labour is inexpensive. However, a grave situation has recently unfolded. An investigative journalist, following up on an anonymous tip, has revealed that one of the companies to which you have outsourced an important part of your production is operating its facility under appalling conditions. The facility, which employs a large number of people, including minors, is nothing short of a \"sweatshop,\" where employees work long hours for abysmally low wages in a hazardous environment. The report has led to\n(a) In this context, what ethical dilemmas are you facing?\n(b) Discuss the merits and demerits of the available options before you. Which option would you choose and why?\n(c) To balance profitability and ethical labour practices, what ethical alternatives are available to multinational corporations? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[44,"(a) What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by you in this context?\n(b) Discuss the merits and demerits of the options available to you. Which of these will you choose and why?\n(c) What are the ethical alternatives available to the multinational corporations to balance profitability and ethical labour practices? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[48,"11 (a) इस प्रकरण में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\n(b) राहुल जैसे गिग श्रमिकों के सामने आने वाली समस्याओं को हल करने के लिए कौन-से उपाय अपनाए जा सकते हैं? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)\na) इस प्रकरण में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\nb) राहुल जैसे गिग श्रमिकों के सामने आने वाली समस्याओं को हल करने के लिए कौन-से उपाय अपनाए जा सकते हैं? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250 शब्दों में"],[49,"(a) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the case.\n(b) What can be done to resolve the problems faced by gig workers like Rahul? (Answer in 250 words)\na) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the case.\nb) What can be done to resolve the problems faced by gig workers like Rahul?","","250"],[53,"12 In this context, answer the following questions.\n(a) What are the key barriers and challenges that hinder the path of women in their journey towards leadership roles in their respective fields?\n(b) How do the social and cultural norms affect women's employment in India?\n(c) Discuss how gender parity in employment opportunities and career growth be ensured for women in India. (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"]]},{"i":798,"t":"Sudipa Dutta","c":"Vision","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/08dc0-1244110_2063_sudipa_dutta_rank_41.pdf","q":[[2,"1) Explain the importance of a Constitution in the context of a democratic country like India.","",""],[4,"2) Bring out the differences between 'coming together federations' and 'holding together federations' with examples.","",""],[7,"3) Compare the powers of the Lok Sabha with that of the Rajya Sabha.","",""],[9,"4) What do you understand by Judicial activism and overreach? Also discuss the associated concerns.","",""],[10,"Role of Judicial Activism and Judicial Overreach:","",""],[11,"5) What do you understand by rule of law. Explain how this idea is reflected in the Constitution of India.","",""],[13,"6) Explain the concept of Separation of Powers. What are the provisions in the Indian Constitution which reflect separation of Powers?","",""],[16,"7) Discuss the veto powers of the President of India.","",""],[18,"8) Discuss the role of the Departmentally Related Standing Committees in strengthening parliamentary democracy in India.","",""],[19,"6) Issues with Departmentally Related Standing Committees is","",""],[21,"9) What do you understand by Pressure groups? Citing examples, state the different types of techniques used by pressure groups.","",""],[22,"Different types of techniques used by Pressure Groups :-","",""],[23,"10) Enumerate the composition and functions of the National Commission for Women (NCW). Also highlight the initiatives taken by the commission to give an impetus to women empowerment.","",""],[26,"11) Highlight the devolution of powers under the 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendment Acts. Do you think the process of devolution has been less than satisfactory so far?","",""],[29,"12) Although quasi-judicial bodies have powers resembling those of the judicial bodies, those are important points of distinction between the two. Elaborate.","",""],[31,"13) Delineate the grounds of disqualifications under the Representation of People Act, 1951. Also discuss the remedial measures available to the disqualified representatives.","",""],[34,"14) The basic structure doctrine of the Indian Constitution is a judicial innovation. Analyse.","",""],[36,"15 Highlight the various challenges in ensuring cooperative federation in India. Also, suggest measures to foster cooperative federation.","",""],[39,"16) Despite having features borrowed from Constitution of various other countries, the Constitution of India remains unique. Discuss.","",""],[40,"Uniqueness of Indian Constitution can be determined by following factors :-\n1) Appropriate modification to suit Indian interests such as republic form of government.\n2) Incorporates Gandhian Ideals in the form of Directive principles of state policy.\n3) Rationalised provisions which reflect over traditional customs as well as fundamental duties incorporating our moral values.\n4) Lengthiest constitution due to simplified and detailed provisions.\n5) Neither follows british principle of Parliamentary sovereignty nor follows American principle of judicial supremacy.","",""],[42,"13) Is there a need to rationalize the large number of ministries in the Govt. of India? Discuss with logical arguments.","",""],[44,"18) Provide an account of the role of UPSC. Also, enumerate the Constitutional provisions to safeguard and ensure the independence and impartial functioning of the UPSC.","",""],[46,"19) What are tribunals? How is Article 323 A different from Article 323 B of the Indian Constitution?","",""],[48,"20) On what grounds can President's Rule be imposed in a state? Also, mention the procedure of its imposition and its effects.","",""]]},{"i":796,"t":"Sudipa Dutta","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/e12b1-1244110_2070_sudipa_dutta_rank_41.pdf","q":[[2,"1. (a) Differentiating between courage and bravery, discuss why courage is often thought of as the first of all virtues.","10","150"],[4,"1. (b) Discuss how social, cultural and religious factors act as determinants of ethics.","10","150"],[6,"2. (a) Bring out the relevance of the teachings of Gautam Buddha in contemporary times.","10","150"],[8,"2. (b) If one takes care of the means the end will take care of itself. Discuss.","10","150"],[10,"3. (a) Explain the relevance of the following in the context of civil services: (150 words) 10\n(i) Impersonality\n(ii) Anonymity\n(iii) Perseverance\n(iv) Fairness","10","150"],[12,"3. (b) With the help of relevant examples, bring out the difference between the following:\n(i) Intelligence Quotient and Emotional Quotient\n(ii) Attitude and Aptitude","10","150"],[14,"4. (a) What do you understand by political neutrality? Explain its significance in public service.","10","150"],[16,"4. (b) There is more to integrity than honesty. Illustrate with examples. Also, suggest ways to inculcate integrity as a value in civil services. (150 words)","10","150"],[18,"4. (c) What do you understand by probity? Why is it considered essential for good governance?","10","150"],[20,"5. (a) Although utilitarianism is arguably the most reason-based approach to determining right and wrong, it has obvious limitations. Discuss.","10","150"],[22,"5. (b) What do you understand by ethical dilemma? Explain with examples, how it can lead to crisis of conscience.","10","150"],[24,"6. (a) What is code of conduct? How is it different from code of ethics?","10","150"],[26,"6. (b) Bring out the relevance of the seven principles of public life stated by the Nolan Committee in the Indian context, with the help of examples.","10","150"],[28,"7. The Right to Information (RTI) Act is one of the most important reforms brought by the government. You have recently been transferred as the Public Information Officer (PIO) in the irrigation department of a district. While inspecting the RTI applications, you find that many of these applications relate to information on the recruitment of staff in your department. Your juniors point out that all of these have been filed by an aspiring local politician who may be trying to create an issue related to irregularities in recruitment in the department. The department fears that he is filing RTI applications for political gains in the upcoming state elections.\n\nIn this context, answer the following questions:\n(a) Identify the stakeholders and the issues involved in the case.\n(b) What measures will you take to handle the situation?","20","in around 250"],[33,"8. You are the managing director of a pharmaceutical company. Your company has won a tender for supply of generic affordable medicines to the state health department. In order to win the tender, you had kept the profit margins very low. However, after winning the tender, you got a call from the Officer on Special Duty (OSD) to the Health Minister for a 2% cut in the total purchase of goods. You tried to meet the Health Minister in this respect, but he also hinted at doing the job as per the instructions of the OSD. You cannot refuse to go ahead with the tender because of the risk of losing your 5% security deposit. Further, the firm can be blacklisted for not fulfilling the obligations of the approved tender. Some of the options to deal with the situation are given below. Evaluate the merits and demerits of each of these options.\n(a) Follow the advice of the minister and comply with the demands of the OSD.\n(b) File a police complaint against the OSD for corruption.\n(c) Tip the media anonymously about the issue to build pressure on the concerned Minister.\n(d) Leave the allotted tender.","20",""],[38,"9 The promotion of harmful products like liquor, tobacco, etc. through mass media and advertisements have been banned in India. However, many companies are roping in big celebrities to promote these harmful products and brands through surrogate advertisement. In the disguise of another product, surrogate advertising is used to promote regulated products, like cigarettes and alcohol. There have been many debates on this issue, particularly in recent times, with many arguing that such advertisements should be banned altogether.\n\nIn this context, answer the following:\n(a) What are the ethical issues involved in surrogate advertising?\n(b) Suggest steps that can be taken to address these type of advertisements in India.","20",""],[41,"10. You are a young officer who has recently been posted as the District Magistrate in a district where power cuts are a regular phenomenon. A thermal power plant is proposed in your district, which has the potential to not only meet the energy demand of yours but also that of neighbouring districts, and also provide employment opportunities for the people of your district. However, a few people from the district are protesting against it because of the concerns of displacement and the potential pollution issue that the project may lead to. It is brought to your notice that prominent local leaders have mobilized a large crowd and are planning to march towards the Collectorate. You have also received information that the crowd may turn violent due to the presence of miscreants. In the context of this situation, address the following:\n(a) Identify the stakeholders and highlight the issues involved in the above case.\n(b) State the measures that you would take as the District Magistrate.","20",""],[46,"11. Today, digital games and gameful interactions with a digital dimension are rapidly becoming pervasive in society. It is a highly engaging pastime and also a vehicle for acquiring knowledge and/or modifying attitudes and behaviours at various levels, whether by explicit intention or otherwise. Online games' increasingly important role in society brings about ethical implications that cannot be ignored, and have sometimes been the object of heated public and academic debate.\n(a) Discuss the various social and psychological issues involved in online gaming.\n(b) Give some suggestions to address the harmful impact of online gaming on the society.","20",""],[49,"(a) In your view, why has politics in India not seen it's 'green moment' yet?\n(b) Do you think people in India are generally apathetic to climate change and environment related issues? Suggest some initiatives to bring about a change in the attitude of the people towards the issue.\na) In your view, why has politics in India not seen it's 'green moment' yet?\nb) Do you think people in India are generally apathetic to climate change and environment related issues? Suggest some initiatives to bring about a change in the attitude of the people towards the issue.","20",""]]},{"i":799,"t":"Sunawardeep Singh","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2025,"r":76,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/SUNAWARDEEP-SINGH-MASOUN-Rank-76UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-76-Sample-MGP-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) \"Extraordinary powers must be exercised with extraordinary care.\" Discuss in the context of Article 142 of the Indian Constitution.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Why are State Legislative Assemblies involved in the election of the President but excluded from the process of impeachment?","10","150"],[7,"Q.3 Private Member's Bills (PMBs) seldom become law in India, yet they are an important aspect of parliamentary democracy. Bring out their significance and suggest steps to strengthen the PMB process.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) Highlight the key points of convergence and divergence between the judicial systems of India and USA.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) The role of Election Commission of India has evolved beyond conducting elections to becoming a guardian of electoral democracy. Critically evaluate.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6 What is the rationale behind the 'three-language formula' in India's education policy? Also highlight the challenges associated with its adoption and implementation across the country.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) 'Emerging environmental concerns and evolving ecosystem perspectives demand a reimagined approach to rural water governance.' Discuss the key interventions needed to recalibrate rural water policies with special emphasis on the role of communities.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) Identify and discuss the challenges hindering effective implementation of gender-sensitive policies and schemes in the country.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9) Effective transboundary water management can act as a catalyst for regional peace and cooperation. In light of this statement, bring out the opportunities and challenges for India in leveraging 'water diplomacy' in its neighbourhood.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10) What are the key areas of reform if the World Trade Organization (WTO) has to remain relevant in the present context of rising protectionism and trade wars?","10","150"],[22,"5 Dispute redressal body is dysfunctional due to naive national interests (USA's interests)\na) Diversify the governance representation in the ministerial conference\nb) Reinvigorate Dispute settlement Body with greater transparency\nc) Adopt the rising tech enabled trade ecosystem - e-commerce CAGR ~11%\nd) Regulate Bilateral & Multilateral trade treaties within WTO structure (Ind-UK CEFTA 2025)\ne) Innovative voting pattern rather than consensus for quick decision - proportional representation","",""],[23,"Q.11 The basic structure doctrine acts as a constitutional compass in balancing Parliament's legislative authority and constitutional supremacy. Comment.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12 Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) are pivotal to inclusive and efficient urban governance, yet they remain fiscally constrained and institutionally weak. Analyze.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13) \"The judiciary has functioned as an institutional corrective, redefining and refining the contours of the Governor's office to prevent its misuse and uphold constitutional principles.\" Discuss this statement with the help of relevant case laws.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 How is the 'vertical' and 'horizontal' devolution of taxes to the states decided? Highlighting the concerns raised by some states regarding the devolution of taxes, suggest corrective measures.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 What steps are required for the constitutionalization of a Commission? Do you think granting constitutional status to the Central Information Commission (CIC) would strengthen the RTI regime in India? Give reasons.","15","250"],[37,"5 Conflict of Interest by appointing retired civil servants as seen in NCSJ may still persist:\n1 Way forward to strengthen RTI regime:","",""],[38,"Q.16) Even as India experiences consistent economic growth and has achieved self-sufficiency in food production, hunger and food insecurity remain pressing concerns. Examine the factors responsible for this paradox and suggest steps to improve the situation.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 The Union Government has recently announced that caste enumeration will be part of the upcoming census. Examine the opportunities and challenges associated with conducting a nationwide 'caste census'. Also, propose a framework for its seamless and effective conduct.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 \"AI integration in governance is no longer a choice but a necessity.\" In light of this statement, discuss how AI can enhance education and healthcare governance.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19) Providing a brief overview of the aims and objectives of BIMSTEC, explain its significance for India.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 India's approach to its relationship with China has evolved into what can be best described as 'competitive coexistence'. Discuss in light of recent developments. What should be the broad contours of India's future China policy?","15","250"]]},{"i":800,"t":"Sunawardeep Singh","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2025,"r":76,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/SUNAWARDEEP-SINGH-MASOUN-Rank-76UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-76-Sample-MGP-Copy-2.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) Rising influence of money power in Indian elections poses a serious challenge to transparency, fairness, and democratic accountability. How can ethical electoral funding be ensured to maintain the integrity of democracy?","10","150"],[5,"b) Explain the key dimensions of ethics that influence human behaviour. How do these dimensions shape ethical decision-making in private life?","10","150"],[7,"Q.2) a) \"Academic freedom is the bedrock of scholarly inquiry and intellectual progress.\" Examine the ethical issues that arise when educational institutions yield to political, social, or economic pressures and compromises academic freedom.","10","150"],[9,"b) Fortitude enables a civil servant to make difficult yet morally right decisions. Explain with reference to real-life examples.","10","150"],[11,"Q.3) Given below are the three quotations of great thinkers. What do each of these quotations convey to you in the present context?\na) \"When learning is purposeful, creativity blossoms. When creativity blossoms, thinking emanates. When thinking emanates, knowledge is fully lit. When knowledge is lit, the economy flourishes.\" - Abdul Kalam.","10","150"],[13,"b) \"The difference between what we do and what we are capable of doing would suffice to solve most of the world's problems.\" - Mahatma Gandhi","10","150"],[15,"c) \"Love and compassion are necessities, not luxuries. Without them, humanity cannot survive.\" - Dalai Lama","10 marks, 150","10"],[17,"Q.4) a) What do you understand by the term 'probity in governance'? Explain how probity acts as the foundation of ethical public administration.","10","150"],[19,"b) \"Starvation must not be used as a weapon of war.\" Yet, parties involved in conflicts often resort to the blockade of food and medical aid to civilians in conflict zones, deepening the humanitarian crisis. Powerful nations, despite their capacity to intervene, tend to prioritise strategic interests over humanitarian concerns. What ethical considerations should guide powerful nations in preventing such actions and ensuring unimpeded humanitarian access?","10","150"],[21,"Q.5) a) What teachings of Mahavira are most relevant today and why? Discuss.","10","150"],[23,"b) \"In contemporary times, social media platforms have emerged as powerful agents in shaping individual and societal attitudes.\" Do you agree with this view? Justify your answer.","10","150"],[25,"Q.6) a) What do you understand by the 'voice of conscience'? In what ways can you prepare yourself to listen to the voice of conscience?","10","150"],[27,"b) Effective utilisation of public funds is not merely an administrative requirement but a moral responsibility of those entrusted with public office. However, instances of funds allocated to government schemes lying idle or being diverted towards extraneous purposes continue to be reported across the country. Examine the reasons for under-utilization and mis-utilization of public funds and their implications.","10","150"],[29,"Q.7 A rail overbridge (ROB) is being planned in the capital city of a central Indian state. The project aims to reduce traffic congestion and ease delays at railway crossings, which affect thousands of daily commuters. It had been a long-standing demand of local residents, and the government approved it to address persistent traffic bottlenecks in the area. The project is to be executed by the State Public Works Department (PWD), with a strict completion deadline of one year i.e. 31st July 2026. The PWD Minister, who is also the local MLA, is scheduled to inaugurate the project in the third week of August 2026. This is planned to take place shortly before the expected announcement of state elections. Ramesh has been selected as the project manager of this prestigious assignment on the basis of his professional competence and experience.\nWhile reviewing the approved design plans in preparation for execution, Ramesh identifies a serious flaw. The proposed alignment includes a sharp 90-degree turn, incorporated due to spatial constraints between an electrified railway line on one side and ongoing metro construction on the other. From a technical standpoint, Ramesh believes the design is unsafe. It increases the risk of vehicular accidents, especially for heavy vehicles, and may lead to long-term inconvenience for road users.\nRamesh promptly raises the issue with the Chief Engineer. However, the Chief Engineer overrules the concern. He states that the General Arrangement Drawing (GAD) has already been approved by the Bridge Engineering Department in coordination with Indian Railways. He points out that revisiting the design at this stage shall result in project delays, increased expenditure, and unwanted political attention.\nSubsequently, Ramesh comes to know that the contractor awarded the tender to execute the project is a close relative of the PWD Minister. He also receives unofficial communication suggesting that his promotion to Additional Chief Engineer is under active consideration, but could be jeopardised if he creates \"unnecessary hurdles\" in the project's timely completion.\nThe incumbent state government is eager to complete the overbridge before the elections and present it as a major developmental achievement. This adds to the pressure on Ramesh to expedite project execution without raising further objections. Nonetheless, he remains convinced that the current design is flawed and could have grave implications for public safety if left unaddressed.\nMeanwhile, the bridge design has also attracted widespread public attention after being published in a leading local newspaper. Images of the sharp 90-degree turn went viral on social media, drawing criticism and ridicule. Several engineering experts have publicly flagged the alignment as a potential safety hazard, reinforcing Ramesh's concerns.\na) Under the given conditions, what are the options available to Ramesh as a project manager?\nb) What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by Ramesh?\nc) What are the professional challenges likely to be faced by Ramesh and his response to overcome such challenges?","","20"],[30,"a) दी गई परिस्थितियों में, एक परियोजना प्रबंधक के रूप में रमेश के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\nb) रमेश को किन नैतिक दुविधाओं का सामना करना पड़ रहा है?\nc) रमेश को किन व्यावसायिक चुनौतियों का सामना करना पड़ सकता है तथा ऐसी चुनौतियों पर नियंत्रण पाने के लिए उसकी क्या प्रतिक्रिया होनी चाहिए?\na) दी गई परिस्थितियों में, एक परियोजना प्रबंधक के रूप में रमेश के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\nb) रमेश को किन नैतिक दुविधाओं का सामना करना पड़ रहा है?\nc) रमेश को किन व्यावसायिक चुनौतियों का सामना करना पड़ सकता है तथा ऐसी चुनौतियों पर नियंत्रण पाने के लिए उसकी क्या प्रतिक्रिया होनी चाहिए?","20 अंक","250 शब्द"],[35,"Q.8 a) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\nb) Evaluate the options available to Srushti in the above situation.\nc) What suggestions would you make to help officers like Srushti maintain a healthy work-life balance.\na) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\nb) Evaluate the options available to Srushti in the above situation.\nc) What suggestions would you make to help officers like Srushti maintain a healthy work-life balance.","20","20"],[36,"a) उपयुक्त मामले में नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं?\nb) उपरोक्त स्थिति में सृष्टि के लिए उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन करें।\nc) सृष्टि जैसे अधिकारियों को स्वस्थ कार्य-जीवन संतुलन बनाए रखने में मदद करने के लिए आप क्या सुझाव देंगे?\na) उपयुक्त मामले में नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं?\nb) उपरोक्त स्थिति में सृष्टि के लिए उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन करें।\nc) सृष्टि जैसे अधिकारियों को स्वस्थ कार्य-जीवन संतुलन बनाए रखने में मदद करने के लिए आप क्या सुझाव देंगे?","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[41,"Q.9 A reputed Indian beauty & personal care company developed a herbal skin cream for the international market, claiming anti-ageing and skin-repair properties based on traditional Ayurvedic formulations. After obtaining the necessary approvals and export certifications, the company began exporting the product. The product received widespread positive feedback for its quality and natural formulation, and soon became a huge hit in international markets. Riding on this success, the company announced that the product would soon be made available to domestic consumers, with almost the same quality and health benefits. Subsequently, it secured approval from the domestic regulatory authority and launched the product in the Indian market. Over time, the brand gained a significant share of the domestic market and earned substantial revenues both nationally and internationally. However, during a random sample check, officials discovered that the cream sold in India differed from the version approved by the competent authority. The product failed to meet the claimed herbal composition and purity standards. Further investigation revealed that the company had often been distributing batches that had failed export quality checks. The incident triggered widespread public criticism and regulatory scrutiny, leading to a sharp decline in the company's reputation and financial performance.\na) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the case.\nb) What actions should the competent regulatory authority take against the personal care company for violating domestic quality standards and distributing rejected export batches in the Indian market?\nc) What course of action is available to the company to manage the crisis and restore public trust and brand credibility?","20","250"],[46,"Q.10 A forest fire has broken out in a hilly district and is rapidly spreading toward an eco-sensitive area that includes four villages (ESA villages). These villages lie along the forest fringe and are surrounded by difficult terrain. The region is known for its biodiversity and traditional forest-based livelihoods. The inhabitants of these villages are mostly poor tribal communities, dependent on forest resources for their sustenance. You, as the District Magistrate of the area, have rushed to the spot with a medical team, police personnel, NGO, media, and support staff to oversee the rescue and containment operations. Your disaster response team on the ground is small and poorly equipped. Reinforcements from the district headquarter have been requested, but they may take several hours to arrive due to the remoteness and challenging terrain. In the meantime, a group of trained ex-forest guards and local youth from the villages offer to help. They are experienced and familiar with the area. However, existing government rules do not permit the engagement of unofficial personnel in fire control operations without formal clearance and insurance coverage. Your team members are divided on this issue. Some members argue that volunteers should be engaged immediately to prevent the fire from spreading. Others caution that involving them without proper approval and safety cover could be risky and against protocol. As the District Magistrate, you are also the Chairperson of the District Disaster Management Authority (DDMA). The fire is spreading at a very rapid rate, and immediate action is required to protect lives, property, and the environment. You are now in a dilemma.\na) What are the options available to you?\nb) Critically evaluate each of the options identified by you.\nc) What option would you adopt and why?\nd) What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by you?","20","250"],[51,"Q.11 In one of the government primary schools located in a rural block of a district, the newly appointed headmistress observed an unusual practice. The school had been preparing and serving mid-day meals separately to students belonging to different communities. Although the meals were cooked using a common gas connection, separate utensils, cooking areas, and serving arrangements had been in place for more than two decades. Students from the two communities had their food cooked and served by different cooks and ate in separate classrooms, despite attending classes together.\nAfter taking charge, the headmistress decided to discontinue this practice. She directed that food be prepared and served together for all students, using a common kitchen and utensils. However, the decision triggered backlash. A considerable number of parents across communities vehemently opposed the move and stopped sending their children to school. Consequently, attendance fell by almost 60 percent. This also raised concerns regarding the possible discontinuation of the mid-day meal scheme, withdrawal of teaching staff, and even closure of the school due to falling enrolment.\nThe issue has attracted attention from various political and social groups attempting to further polarise the situation and serve their vested interests.\nMarpi Apang, the District Education Officer (DEO), has been tasked by the Deputy Commissioner's office to amicably resolve the matter at the earliest. She has also been directed to submit a detailed report along with the Action Taken Report within a fortnight.\na) Identify the ethical issues involved in this case.\nb) What course of action should Marpi adopt and why?\nc) What should be the responsibilities of different social segments and agencies to create positive social ambiance for accepting such changes?","20","250"],[56,"Q.12) You are a Municipal Commissioner of a tier-2 city experiencing rapid urban expansion. Several high-rise residential and commercial buildings are under construction in the city to meet the growing demand for housing. One such luxury residential complex is being built, employing hundreds of daily-wage labourers, many of whom live in temporary settlements at the construction site. Late one night during the monsoon season, a large section of scaffolding and concrete slabs collapses from the upper floors of one of the under-construction buildings. Seven labourers, including two minors, die on the spot. Several others are critically injured and rushed to the hospital. The tragic incident results in public outrage, intense media scrutiny, and protests by a local NGO. The state government orders a formal inquiry and directs you to submit a report within a week. Your preliminary investigation reveals a series of irregularities. The construction material used is substandard and not in accordance with the National Building Code. Although the approved plan permits construction of fifteen floors, the builder has illegally added two extra floors. Moreover, the structure has encroached on land demarcated for a community park and a fire service lane under the city's Zonal Development Plan. These violations are not reported during site inspections conducted by the building inspector of the municipal corporation. The building clearance was granted during the tenure of your predecessor, who is not only your batchmate but also a close friend. Both of you were roommates during your training at LBSNAA. Prima facie, the case appears to involve a widespread nexus between officials of the Municipal Corporation and the builder. Your colleagues are putting pressure on you to go slow in the inquiry. Some of them suggest that holding the builder accountable could damage the city's image among investors and slow down urban development. Meanwhile, you come to know that the builder is the younger brother of a powerful minister in the state cabinet. One evening, his personal aide visits you privately. He suggests that the matter could be \"mutually settled\" and offers you a premium apartment worth ₹2 crore in the same residential complex. In the same breath, he hints that if the matter is not resolved swiftly in the builder's favour, someone in his office is prepared to file a complaint against you under the SC and ST (Prevention of Atrocities) Act.\na) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the case.\nb) What are the options available to you in this situation?\nc) Explain your selected course of action.","20","250"]]},{"i":801,"t":"Sunita","c":"Forumias","p":"Essay","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/SUNITAUPSC_IAS_2025_Toppers_AIR_364_Sample_ESSAY_COPY_2.pdf","q":[[3,"1. Life is a painting and you are the artist.\n2. The future belongs to the nation with grains and not guns.\n3. Social media is the ultimate equalizer, it gives voice and a platform to anyone willing to engage.\n4. The real problem is not whether machines think, but whether men do.","",""],[11,"Is life just a painting?","",""],[12,"Is it only an artist who paint it?","",""]]},{"i":802,"t":"Sunita","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/SUNITAUPSC_IAS_2025_Toppers_AIR_364_Sample_MGP_COPY_1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) As the soul of the Constitution, the preamble is not only a majestic expression of philosophy and principles but also declares the purpose of the constitution. Elaborate.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Article 21 of the Constitution has been interpreted expansively to encompass various facets of personal freedom and dignity. Elucidate with the help of relevant case laws.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) Explain how the Presidents of India and the USA differ in their election processes and the extent of their powers.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) Critically examine the functioning of National Human Rights Commission of India (NHRC) as an apex institution entrusted with the protection of human rights in the country.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5 The 106th Constitutional Amendment Act (Nari Shakti Vandan Adhiniyam, 2023) is regarded as a landmark step towards women's empowerment and representation, making women-led development a tangible reality. How far do you think this will help in making the Indian political process more gender-inclusive?","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) India's growing elderly population is faced with a multitude of challenges necessitating development of a comprehensive policy framework to manage this demographic transition. Analyse.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) Discuss the benefits and challenges associated with the entry and operation of foreign higher educational institutions for internationalization of Indian higher education, in the light of recently released UGC guidelines regarding the same.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) How far do you think that farmers association has been successful as a Pressure Group?","10","150"],[18,"2 Role of sugar cooperative & associations of Maharashtra region in bringing FRP.\n3 MSP, sub-division and farm wainer many times by their efforts.\n4 Role of others also e.g. Labour code.","",""],[19,"Q.9) The peaceful and co-operative relationship between India and Bhutan provides a unique model of bilateral ties in South Asia. Elucidate.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10) While the Gulf region offers lucrative job opportunities, the Indian diaspora often finds itself grappling with severe challenges. Analyse.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11 Recent years have witnessed a concerning decline in Parliament's functioning, marked by frequent disruptions and reduced debate on crucial national issues. Analyze the reasons for the decline in Parliament's functioning in the country and suggest remedial measures.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12) To what extent, in your opinion, has the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act been successful in laying a foundation for participatory and inclusive governance at the grassroot level?","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 Describe the various mechanisms available for the resolution of disputes concerning the use, distribution, or control of inter-state rivers. Also, state the reasons for their limited success.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14) The Election Commission of India (ECI) stands as a sentinel of democracy, ensuring that the world's largest electoral exercise is conducted with integrity and efficiency. In light of the statement, discuss the role of ECI in conducting free and fair elections. Also, state the associated challenges and suggest remedial measures.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 While e-governance offers immense potential to revolutionize governance and service delivery, its successful implementation requires addressing multifaceted challenges. Discuss.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16 Assess the performance of various schemes and policies undertaken to improve the socio-economic conditions of vulnerable sections of society. What measures do you suggest to enhance their performance?","15","250"],[41,"Q.17) What are the common challenges faced by NGOs when working with the government? How can these challenges be mitigated to ensure a productive partnership between NGOs and the government?","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 \"Poverty is a complex phenomenon that goes beyond material deprivation, necessitating comprehensive strategies that address the multifaceted nature of deprivation.\" Elaborate.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 The expansion of BRICS presents new prospects for the organization, but their realization depends on the member states' ability to address internal challenges and enhance cooperation. Elaborate.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 \"A multipolar world order is not merely an option but a necessity\". Elaborate. How can India leverage its position to strengthen multipolarity in the global arena?","15","250"]]},{"i":803,"t":"Sunita","c":"Forumias","p":"GS3","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/SUNITAUPSC_IAS_2025_Toppers_AIR_364_Sample_MGP_COPY_2.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) How far do you agree that a robust domestic demand is the most important driver of India's economic growth? What are other factors that influence the growth trajectory of the country?","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Macroeconomic stability is not solely dependent on the quantity of foreign exchange reserves, but also on the strategy and sources on which they are built. Discuss in an Indian context.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) DPI (Digital Public Infrastructure) is a critical enabler of digital transformation for both businesses and citizens; however, it comes with its own set of challenges. Examine.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) The skewed emphasis on certain crops has distorted the cropping pattern in India, which has led to grave socio-economic and environmental consequences. Elaborate.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) Private participation in propelling India's space journey is widely acknowledged but is yet to be fully tapped. In light of the statement, analyse the hurdles faced by the private sector and also recommend measures to unlock greater private participation in the space economy.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) With recent advances in technology, robots are now equipped to perform more than just conventional and routine tasks, which brings new opportunities as well as risks. In this context, evaluate the future potential of the robotics sector.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) Write an explanatory note on the causes and impacts of avalanches. Also, highlight the various strategies to mitigate its impact, with a special emphasis on NDMA guidelines.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) Technology plays a multidimensional role in augmenting the disaster management apparatus of the country. Discuss. Also, bring out the measures needed to enhance the usage of such technologies in managing disasters.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9) Outlining the various cyber threats faced by India, assess the state of the country's preparedness to deal with the same.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10) Explain how the geographical location of India makes it extremely vulnerable to the menace of drug trafficking. What are the various internal security threats posed by drug trafficking?","10","150"],[23,"Q.11) Inclusive growth is a roadmap to intergenerational equity, redistribution of wealth, and employment generation. Explain. Also, discuss the steps taken by the government towards achieving inclusive growth.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12 Discuss the significance of Multimodal Transport System in achieving last mile connectivity, improving logistics efficiency, and addressing the twin problems of pollution and congestion. What measures can be taken to ensure efficient multimodal transport connectivity in India?","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 Highlighting the rationale behind declaring MSP, discuss various issues related to the MSP regime in the country. Also, critically analyse the efficacy of legalizing MSP towards ensuring financial sustainability in farming.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14) Food Processing Industries (FPIs) can act as a bridge between the informal farming community and the formal industrial sector, which can help boost the rural economy. Examine.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 Discuss the role of biotechnology in enhancing agricultural productivity. Also, highlight the concerns regarding the application of biotechnology in agriculture.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16) 5G technology is a breakthrough that finds applications across diverse sectors. Elaborate. How is 5G technology different from its predecessor? Also, list the various challenges associated with its effective rollout.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 Discuss the repercussions on marine ecosystem and economy resulting from the combined effects of ocean acidification, ocean warming, and oxygen loss.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18) The invisible nature of groundwater is a major obstacle in the path towards achieving the twin objectives of building climate resilience and meeting the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Elucidate.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 Despite various efforts, a lasting solution to the insurgency in the north-eastern region of India remains elusive. Analyse the reasons behind the continuation of insurgency in the region. Also, suggest effective measures to tackle it.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20) While developmental initiatives have a significant role to play, they alone cannot root out terrorism/militancy in Jammu and Kashmir. Comment.","15","250"]]},{"i":807,"t":"Surabhi Srivastava","c":"Nextias","p":"GS1","y":null,"r":56,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/ee21bf4c91767f03906ea17bc7230b10/66/air-56-surabhi-srivastava_test-1_gs1.pdf","q":[[4,"Q.1 The fabric of Indian philosophical thought owes as much to Northern India as to Southern India. Elucidate.","10","150"],[6,"The Indian society's impulse for social change and reform was a response to its opposition to colonial rule. Examine.","10","150"],[8,"Q3 What are the factors that led to the Russian revolution and what are the consequences of this revolution? Discuss its influence on the Indian national movement.","10","Answer in 150"],[10,"Discuss the various factors responsible for the uneven temperature distribution on Earth's surface.","10","150"],[12,"Q.5 The melting of glaciers due to climate change has serious implications for the ecosystem and human society. Discuss the effects of melting glaciers on the environment and the measures that can be taken to address this issue.","10","150"],[14,"The White Revolution was most successful in the Western part of India. Discuss the factors for this regional success of the White Revolution.","10","150"],[16,"To what extent does seismic investigation contribute to our understanding of the Earth's interior structure? Analyze its significance in detail.","10","Answer in 150"],[18,"The pace of demographic transition varies across different states of India making population growth a double-edged sword. Comment.","10","150"],[20,"9 The ethnic and cultural diversity in India has always been bound by the thread of unity. Discuss the major factors that have contributed to the cultural unity of India.","10","150"],[22,"The dichotomy in public and private life in Indian society acts as a major barrier to the annihilation of caste. Justify.","10","150"],[24,"11 India was forced into numerous wars post Independence. Highlight the causes and impact of the Indo-Pak and Indo-China wars on our bilateral relationships.","15","250"],[25,"4) Pakistan's desire of controlling Kashmir\n1965 war 1) Usage of clandestine mechanism of insurgency\n2) Pakistan's policy of 1000 cuts stated\nKargil war 1) To get the Kargil zone in its territory\n2) Easy way to connect with Aksai Chin\n1971 war 1) Bangladeshi freedom movement and its call for India's support\n2) Persecution by Pakistani state\n1962 war 1) China claims Nehru's forward policy of setting up post\n2) India claims Chinese expansionism\n3) Chinese policy of 5 fingers (Mao Zedong)\n4) Trust deficit between neighbours","",""],[27,"Q.12 The process of consolidation of Bengal which started after the Battle of Plassey culminated in the Battle of Buxar. Do you think the Battle of Buxar was more important for the British than Plassey?","15","250"],[30,"Q.13 Sanskrit literature in general and particularly in the Guptan age set a high watermark for the literary history of ancient India. Discuss.","15","Answer in 250"],[32,"Q.14 The configuration of the ocean floor provides essential information about the geological processes that have shaped the Earth's surface. Discuss the major features of the ocean floor and their significance in the study of oceanography.","15","Answer in 250"],[35,"With the growing demand for rare earth elements, their distribution has become a critical aspect of the global economy. Discuss the distribution of rare earth elements across the world, their uses, and the environmental impact of their extraction.","15","Answer in 250"],[38,"Tourism in the hilly states is threatening to exceed the ecological carrying capacity of the region. Analyze the factors contributing to this trend and evaluate the potential Environmental impacts of this phenomenon. What measures can be taken to ensure sustainable tourism in these states?","15","Answer in 250"],[39,"Tourism in the hilly states is threatening to exceed the ecological carrying capacity of the region. Analyze the factors contributing to this trend and evaluate the potential Environmental impacts of this phenomenon. What measures can be taken to ensure sustainable tourism in these states?","15","Answer in 250"],[42,"The Indian monsoon is a complex phenomenon influenced by various climatic factors. Critically examine the role of oceanic and atmospheric factors in determining the intensity and distribution of monsoon rainfall in India.","15","250"],[45,"18 Why do traditions in our society impede change? To what extent can social legislation be instrumental against old customary practices?","15","Answer in 250"],[48,"29 Slums are not 'problems' that have to be 'solved' - but are indeed a result of lopsided and vested urban policies covering infrastructure provision and socio-economic issues. Analyse.","15","250"],[50,"20 Communalism gains strength from economic deprivation, and thrives in environments of social exclusion, creating fertile ground for discontent and division. Comment.","15","250"]]},{"i":805,"t":"Surabhi Srivastava","c":"Nextias","p":"GS3","y":null,"r":56,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/ee21bf4c91767f03906ea17bc7230b10/58/air-56-surabhi-srivastava_test-3_gs3.pdf","q":[[4,"Q.2 Discuss the perceived successes and challenges of implementing inflation targeting under the new Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) regime","10","Answer in 150"],[6,"Q1 Assess the potential of millet production in promoting sustainable agriculture and improving food security in India","10","Answer in 150"],[8,"Q.4 Jal Jeevan Mission has the potential to end the regional disparity in the availability and accessibility of drinking water. Highlighting the significance of the mission, discuss the underlying impediments in achieving the desired objectives.","10","150"],[10,"Q2 What do you understand by Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS)? Discuss the applications and how it can revolutionise the energy program of India.","",""],[12,"Q.6 Discuss in brief developments and challenges in the Gaganyaan mission of ISRO. What are the possible benefits of the mission for the society?","10","150"],[14,"\"Green hydrogen can be the silver bullet in our quest to tackle climate change and pollution\". Critically analyse the statement in light of India's National Green Hydrogen mission.","10","Answer in 150"],[16,"65 What are the key lessons for disaster management and environmental conservation in the Himalayan region, in light of the recent disaster in Joshimath, Uttarakhand?","10","Answer in 150"],[18,"Q.9 \"The recent radical trends in Punjab show that the Khalistan issue is still simmering.\" Discuss the statement with respect to recent developments and suggest measures to handle it.","10","150"],[20,"Q.10 The anonymity and ease of drone operation contribute to the challenges of India's border security. Elaborate and give suggestions to tackle the drone problem in border areas.","10","150"],[22,"Q11 Electricity Amendment Bill, 2022 brings several advantages for consumers, DISCOMs as well as the environment. Elaborate. Also, list out its shortcomings and suggest some measures to overcome them.","15","Answer in 250"],[25,"Q.12 Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) plays an important role in the regulation of the share market and safeguarding the interests of investors. In the light of given statement, highlight the challenges faced by the SEBI and suggest reforms in this regard.","15","250"],[28,"Q.13 Despite being a major contributor to the Indian economy, the agriculture sector is plagued by several constraints that impede its growth and development. Discuss the role of technology in overcoming these constraints.","15","250"],[31,"Q.14 Evaluate the impact of irrigation on the environment and natural resources, and suggest measures to ensure the sustainability and equity of irrigation practices in agriculture.","15","250"],[34,"Q.15 How India benefitted strategically from the contributions of Dr. Homi Jehangir Bhabha and Dr. Vikram Ambalal Sarabhai in the fields of atomic energy and space technology respectively?","15","250"],[37,"Q.16 Generative AI holds the potential to push the boundaries of innovation in the near future, yet its societal impact raises substantial challenges. Elaborate.","15","Answer in 250"],[40,"Q.17 Explain the purpose of the \"Mangrove Alliance for Climate\" launched at the COP27 UN Climate Change Conference in Egypt in November 2022. Elaborate on the importance of mangroves in maintaining the coastal ecology of tropical nations.","15","Answer in 250"],[43,"Q.18 The Formation of the Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure brings more robustness to the Disaster Management approach in India. Comment and justify the need for a new strategy to tackle Disasters in India.","15","250"],[45,"1) new strategy to tackle disasters in India","",""],[46,"Q.19 The recent rise in ransomware attacks targeting critical infrastructure and major corporations has highlighted the urgent need for stronger cybersecurity measures and policies. Discussing the key factors contributing to this trend, analyze the impact of these attacks on various sectors.","15","250"],[49,"20 In the context of border security, how can cooperation and coordination between different security agencies be improved to ensure effective and efficient management of coastal and terrestrial borders?","15","Answer in 250"]]},{"i":804,"t":"Surabhi Srivastava","c":"Nextias","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":56,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/ee21bf4c91767f03906ea17bc7230b10/49/air-56-surabhi-srivastava_test-8_gs4.pdf","q":[[5,"\"The State took taxes from the people only to ensure their prosperity in return like the sun takes moisture from the earth only to give it back in thousandfold measure.\" Kalidasa.\nExplain the Indian concept of \"giving it back\" and its relevance as a guiding value for civil servants.","10","150"],[7,"(b) Public service takes place in a bureaucratic structure with clear lines of authority, value standardization, and accountability mechanisms. Working within such a structure, what do you think are the influences that impact the public servant's ethical decision-making?","10","150"],[9,"2 (a) What do you understand by the terms 'ethics' and 'integrity'? Do you think they are interrelated? Explain with examples the relationship between ethics and integrity in the context of public administration.","10","Answer in 150"],[11,"(b) What do you understand by the terms ethical behavior and emotionally intelligent behavior? Identify the relevant emotional intelligence components that act as a reliable guide to ethical behavior.","10","150"],[13,"3. \"To achieve a good life, duty is not sufficient; one needs to develop one's sympathetic feelings for others, and neither duty alone nor good will alone are sufficient to be moral.\" Do you agree with the above statement? Justify your position.","10","150"],[15,"Developing a Scientific temper, innovative mindset, and civic-conscious citizens are major objectives of higher educational institutions. Can higher educational institutions be instrumental in promoting integrity education among youth to establish a public culture of integrity and a corruption-free political culture? If yes, how?","10","150"],[17,"4. Explain the meaning of the following quotations and discuss their contemporary relevance.\n(a) The senses deceive from time to time, and it is prudent never to trust wholly those who have deceived us even once.","10","150"],[19,"(b) \"The price good men pay for indifference to public affairs is to be ruled by evil men.\"","10","Answer in 150"],[21,"(c) \"Men must have corrupted nature a little, for they were not born wolves, and they have become wolves.\"","10","Answer in 150"],[23,"(a) As professionals, civil servants are career focused and are also self-interested. At the same time, their service ethos imposes an obligation to serve the public interest selflessly. Is it possible for a civil servant to reconcile career and service obligation? Explain your position.","10","150"],[25,"(b) \"While competence without compassion can be brutal and inhumane; similarly, compassion without competence can be meaningless for persons seeking help.\" Explain the above with the help of a suitable illustration in the context of public services. (Answer in 150 words) 10 Marks","10","150"],[27,"(a) Does the suffering of individuals in one part of the world generate moral demands of assistance on those foreigners who live far away from them? Are these moral demands of assistance justified? Can governments be held morally responsible for failing to help the international community in times of deprivation? Discuss.","10","150"],[29,"(b) Civil Services ethics has everything to do with management. It is as much a Departmental as a personal issue. Leaders who fail to create systems that facilitate ethical conduct are equally to blame as much as those who indulge in ethical misconduct. Do you think the Departmental culture leads to ethical misconduct or is the individual with weak willpower culpable? Discuss.","10","150"],[31,"7 You are posted as a District Development officer in a district with a low literacy rate and poor health indicators. As you took charge, your Health Secretary had given express instructions that your priority is to improve health indicators by enhancing the delivery of healthcare services.\n(a) What are the issues involved in the above case?\n(b) What are the advantages and disadvantages of using Faith leaders as influencers and persuaders?","20 अंक","250"],[32,"(c) and (d) (c) If not faith leaders, what are your other options for breaking the behavioral barriers?\n(d) Do you think it is ethically right for a civil servant to involve faith leaders in promoting government schemes? (Answer in 250 words) 20 Marks","20","250"],[36,"(a) What are the issues involved in the above case?\n(b) What are the action options available to you?","",""],[37,"(d) What do you understand by dignity? Distinguish between human and social dignity? Identify the common dignity violations that one notices in government departments.","20","Answer in 250"],[41,"(a) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case? (50 words) 5 marks\n(b) Ethically analyze the company's position on paying damages and justify why/ why not the company should be liable for damages. (120 words) 10 marks.\n(c) What do you understand by the term moral responsibility? When do you think a person or an entity becomes morally responsible for actions committed or omitted? (80 words) 5 marks\na What are the ethical issues involved in the above case? (50 words) 5 marks\nb Ethically analyze the company's position on paying damages and justify why/ why not the company should be liable for damages. (120 words) 10 marks.\nc What do you understand by the term moral responsibility? When do you think a person or an entity becomes morally responsible for actions committed or omitted? (80 words) 5 marks","",""],[46,"10 (a) उपरोक्त मामले में कौन से नैतिक मुद्दे और दुविधाएँ शामिल हैं?\n(b) आपके पास कौन से विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\n(c) विकल्पों का विश्लेषण करने के बाद अपनी चुनी हुई कार्रवाई का चयन करें।\n(d) उपरोक्त मामले में आपकी नैतिक प्रेरणा क्या होनी चाहिए? क्या यह कर्तव्य, दायित्व या परिणाम होना चाहिए?","20 अंक","250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए"],[47,"(a) What are the ethical issues and dilemmas involved in the above case?\n(b) What are the options available to you?\n(c) Select your chosen course of action after analyzing the options.\n(d) What must be your moral motivation in the above case? Should it be duty, care, or consequences?","20","Answer in 250"],[51,"11. You are a young police officer undergoing field training along with some of your batchmates. You and Vikas are spending two weeks in a police station learning the nitty gritty and nuances of field-level policing. Every day there was something new to learn.\n(a) उपरोक्त मामले में कौन से नैतिक मुद्दे शामिल हैं?\n(b) आपके अनुसार उपरोक्त मामले में सिद्धांत-उन्नय और नियम-पालन करने वाले पुलिस कर्मियों को क्या करना चाहिए और क्यों? तर्क दीजिए।\n(c) आपके अनुसार सिविल सेवा में किसे प्राथमिकता दी जानी चाहिए, विभाग के प्रति निष्ठा, या अपने निर्णयों और सेवा मूल्यों में निष्पक्ष और गैर-पक्षपातपूर्ण होना? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए) 20 अंक","20 अंक","250 शब्दों में"],[52,"(a) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?  \n(b) What do you think principle-oriented and rule-abiding police personnel must do in the above case? Why? Justify  \n(c) What do you think must assume priority in civil service, loyalty to the department, or being impartial and non-partisan in your decisions and service values?\na) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\nb) What do you think principle-oriented and rule-abiding police personnel must do in the above case? Why? Justify\nc) What do you think must assume priority in civil service, loyalty to the department, or being impartial and non-partisan in your decisions and service values?","20","Answer in 250"],[55,"6) Ensure the principle of Gita - following one's dharma\n7) Rawlsian justice be maintained - behind veil of ignorance","",""],[56,"12 You are a Foreign Service official working in an embassy overseas. One of your duties was to liaise with the local Indian community, one of the country's largest immigrant groups. A group of wealthy Indian immigrants wanted to build a place of worship and a school to promote their language and culture. The school was intended to act as a center for promoting and preserving Indian culture among the immigrants. The Indian community leaders went through all the legal procedures to acquire the land, got the building plans approved by the city council, and with all the approvals in place, the construction work began. A few months into the construction, the locals started complaining about noise, and slowly a campaign began against the construction of a religious structure. The local city councilors joined in and raised the issue of how Indian immigrants having their own cultural space will lead to a similar demand from other immigrant communities. And this may escalate intolerance among different ethnic groups. The local politicians filed a public lawsuit to halt the construction and demolish whatever was built. Indian community responded with their lawsuit and approached the embassy for help. They wanted the Ambassador to take up the issue with the government. Meanwhile, the Ambassador deputed you to meet the Indian community leaders to understand the issue and prepare a report. You met with the community leaders and found that the reason for local antipathy towards the Indian community was just an expression of latent racism and intolerance. You presented\n(a) उपरोक्त मामले में कौन-कौन से मुद्दे शामिल हैं?\n(b) क्या आप प्रवासी भारतीयों की मदद के बजाय अर्थनीति को प्राथमिकता देने के राजदूत के रुख से सहमत हैं? अगर हाँ तो क्यों, अगर नहीं तो क्यों नहीं?\n(c) दायित्व, परिणामवाद और कर्तव्य के बीच, आपके अनुसार भारतीय विदेश नीति का मार्गदर्शन करने के लिए उपयुक्त परिप्रेक्ष्य क्या है? तर्क दीजिए। (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए) 20 अंक","20 अंक","250 शब्दों में"],[57,"(a) What are the issues involved in the above case?\n(b) Do you agree with the Ambassador's position of prioritizing economics over helping the diaspora? Why/why not?\n(c) Among Care, Consequentialism, and Duty, what do you think is the appropriate perspective to guide Indian Foreign policy? Justify.\na) What are the issues involved in the above case?\nb) Do you agree with the Ambassador's position of prioritizing economics over helping the diaspora? Why/why not?\nc) Among Care, Consequentialism, and Duty, what do you think is the appropriate perspective to guide Indian Foreign policy? Justify.","20","Answer in 250 word(s"]]},{"i":806,"t":"Surabhi Srivastava","c":"Nextias","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":56,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/ee21bf4c91767f03906ea17bc7230b10/64/air-56-surabhi-srivastava_test-4_gs4.pdf","q":[[4,"1. (a) Public service requires not merely legal but also morally principled action. Public service requires the public servant to place loyalty to the constitution, laws, and ethical principles. Among the three, which do you think must acquire primacy while carrying out official functions? Why? Discuss.","10","150"],[6,"1. (b) What do you understand by \"integrity-based civil disobedience\"? Do you think a challenge to personal integrity can be a justifiable cause for responsible disobedience in civil services? Explain.","10","Answer in 150"],[8,"2. (a) Recent research has shown that emotions significantly impact personal and professional lives. What are the primary emotions that negatively and positively impact workplace productivity? Explain with relevant examples.","10","150"],[10,"2 (b) Technical efficiency ensures resource utilization and social efficiency ensures fulfillment of social needs, what does ethical efficiency ensure? Do you think ethical efficiency is more important than technical and social efficiency? Why/Why not?","10","150"],[12,"3. (a) \"Man cannot do right in one department of life whilst he is occupied in doing wrong in any other department.\" Gandhi.\nDo you think an individual's personal ethics impacts professional life or they both can be compartmentalized? Explain your position with relevant examples.","10","150"],[14,"3. (b) Goodness is the result of internal imperatives to do what is right, not sanctions from moral rules or rewards from expected consequences. Do you agree? Discuss.","10","150"],[16,"4. (a) Explain the meaning of the following quotations and discuss their contemporary relevance.\n\n\"To tolerate is purely an act of the mind. That is the essence of virtue. To tolerate is a strength.\"\n\n(Answer in 150 words) 10 Marks","10","150"],[18,"4. (b) \"It is our first duty to serve society, and after we have done that, we may attend wholly to the salvation of our souls.\" (Answer in 150 words) 10 Marks","10","150"],[20,"4 (c) \"Periods of peace are the empty pages in the history books\"","10","150"],[22,"5 (a) In the context of civil service, distinguish between moral and nonmoral values. Identify 5 basic moral values that can serve as foundational values for all services irrespective of the department. Give reasons why those values can be considered foundational.","10","150"],[24,"(b) Citizens' involvement in decision-making is critical to ethics in governance. Do you agree that effective civic engagement mechanisms can facilitate an ethics-driven administration? What do you think are the mechanisms that citizens can use for ensuring ethics in governance?","10","150"],[26,"Social transformation programs such as \"beti bachao and beti padhao\" believes in using advice, counseling, and persuasion but sometimes a little force is also necessary for getting the desired response. Do you think it is a good idea to mix little force with persuasion by public administrators while implementing social schemes of transformation? Explain with relevant examples.","10","150"],[28,"6 (b) Ultimately foreign policy of every country hinges upon the strength which the nation possesses. Strength may be military or financial and may be also...moral.\" Do you think ethical strength without military or financial muscle will be respected in today's world? Explain your position.","10","150"],[30,"7 You are a young officer working with the Municipal Corporation of an industrial city. The city was known for manufacturing ball bearings and auto parts. Most manufacturing units were small-scale units with very little production process automation. The units relied on manual labor, which was in abundance due to the villages close by.\nAs the number of manufacturing units grew, the demand for labor increased, bringing in a steady inflow of laborers into the city. This influx of people into the town led to a mushrooming of slums and encroachments on the sidewalks. Once in a while, the Corporation conducted drives to clear out the slums, but after a time, the slums came back. The illegal slums had become an urban nightmare.\nYou were given the responsibility of clearing out the encroachments and slums with the help of Police authorities. As you started the drive, you realized that the people living by the sidewalks were vulnerable compared to the slum dwellers. Many sidewalk dwellers had recently come to the city after selling their properties in their villages. Now if you drive them out, they have no place to go. Your heart went out to them, and you felt that your departmental action was inhumane, but your official responsibilities demanded stern impartial action. You are desperate to find a way to help the sidewalk dwellers without compromising your official duties.\n(a) What value conflicts do you notice in the above situation?\n(b) Can an administrator compromise the value of impartiality for empathy? Discuss.\n(c) What are the options available in the above situation?\n(d) Suggest viable solutions for tackling illegal slums and encroachments in urban areas.","20","Answer in 250"],[31,"(a) The value conflicts witnessed in the above situation","",""],[35,"6. A certain State government was running a welfare scheme for promoting safe motherhood among rural landless laborers' families. The scheme involves the transfer of funds to the beneficiaries to enable them to mitigate income loss due to maternal care responsibilities. Since its implementation, the scheme has done reasonably well on maternal health and economic indicators. You are the Director of the Department responsible for implementing and operating the scheme. Recently you have been receiving reports of welfare fraud being committed by families by producing fake bonafide. The families committed the fraud with the help of local officials responsible for scrutinizing the bonafide. You were concerned because the fraud was seriously undermining the scheme's efficiency. You called for a departmental meeting to discuss and find a solution to the problem. In the meeting, it was decided to merge several available government data sets such as Aadhar cards, voter ID cards, marriage certificates, birth certificates, bank details, and other personal assets. By merging all the data sets, the department would be able to develop the beneficiary's economic profile. And this will help the department scrutinize the documents and detect fraud. This was a comprehensive strategy, but it risked violating an individual's data privacy. As a Department head, you wanted to detect and prevent fraud, but at the same time, you were apprehensive about violating the Data privacy of the stakeholders.\n(a) What are the issues involved in the above case?\n(b) Do you think violating data privacy is justified to prevent welfare fraud? Why/ Why not?\n(c) What, according to you, can be the reasons for such welfare frauds happening in the country?\n(d) Are there any ways and means to prevent such fraud? Give your suggestions.","20","Answer in 250"],[40,"9 You are posted in the Department of Mines, and one of your roles is to help your Department Head negotiate mining leases with private contractors.\nRecently, the state government demarcated a new mining zone and planned to invite bids for the mining blocs. You were instructed to oversee the bidding process and speed up the contract negotiations. As planned, the tenders were released, bids came in, and tenders were allocated as per the norms. All this happened at a breakneck speed. You wondered, why the hurry? But it was not your place to think and question; you quietly went about your work.\nAs the contractors were about to start operations, you had to instruct them on environmental concerns to watch out for. And to do that, you read the environmental impact assessment report submitted by a consulting firm hired by the department. To your surprise, the report was shoddy and looked cooked up. You got suspicious and raised the issue with your Head, who politely instructed you to do what you were told, and he reminded you that the Department had revenue targets and was under pressure from the Ministry.\nAfter the meeting, you, on your own accord, did some digging and found out that the report was fraudulent and the mining activity that was about to start would lead to a massive environmental disaster which the State could not afford.\n(a) What are the issues and value violations you notice in the above case?\n(b) What are the options available to you?\n(c) Discuss the advantage and disadvantages of each option and identify your chosen course of action.\n(d) Do you think that environmental considerations are sometimes overrated at the cost of development? (Answer in 250 words) 20 marks","20","250"],[45,"10 (a) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\n(b) Do you think that corporate businesses like GAMA should think about international ethics while advancing their business interests? If yes, why? If no, why not?\n(c) Do you think that the social responsibility of a corporate extends beyond its immediate community to the international community? If yes, why? If no, why not?\n(d) Do you think that sensitive technology defense sector companies should be regulated by their respective governments, or can regulation reduce their entrepreneurship and innovation? Discuss. (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[46,"(b), (c), (d) (b) Do you think corporate businesses such as GAMA must consider international ethics while pursuing business interests? Why/why not?\n(c) Do you think a corporate's social responsibility extends beyond one's immediate community to the international community? Why/Why not?\n(d) Do you think the Defence sector companies marketing sensitive technologies must be regulated by their respective governments, or regulation may curtail their entrepreneurial and innovation energy? Discuss.","20","Answer in 250"],[50,"11 (a) इस मामले में कौन-से नैतिक और व्यावसायिक मुद्दे शामिल हैं?  \n(b) श्री शर्मा और सीईओ के पास कौन-कौन से विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?  \n(c) क्या आपको लगता है कि बिक्री कार्यबल को स्वतंत्रता देने की सीमांतात्मक संस्कृति के कारण समस्या उत्पन्न हुई या व्यक्ति की भ्रष्ट प्रवृत्ति के कारण समस्या उत्पन्न हुई? चर्चा कीजिए।  \n(d) जैसा कि इस मामले में बताया गया है, ऐसे अनैतिक व्यवहार को रोकने के लिए कंपनी कौन-से नैतिक तंत्र और उपाय निर्माण और कार्यान्वित कर सकती है? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए) 20 अंक\na) इस मामले में कौन-से नैतिक और व्यावसायिक मुद्दे शामिल हैं?\nb) श्री शर्मा और सीईओ के पास कौन-कौन से विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\nc) क्या आपको लगता है कि बिक्री कार्यबल को स्वतंत्रता देने की सीमांतात्मक संस्कृति के कारण समस्या उत्पन्न हुई या व्यक्ति की भ्रष्ट प्रवृत्ति के कारण समस्या उत्पन्न हुई? चर्चा कीजिए।\nd) जैसा कि इस मामले में बताया गया है, ऐसे अनैतिक व्यवहार को रोकने के लिए कंपनी कौन-से नैतिक तंत्र और उपाय निर्माण और कार्यान्वित कर सकती है? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए) 20 अंक","20 अंक","250 शब्दों में"],[51,"(a) What are the ethical and business issues involved in the case?\n(b) What are the options available to Mr. Sharma and the CEO?\n(c) Do you think the organizational culture of giving freedom to the sales force led to the issue or was the individual's corrupt nature that led to the problem? Discuss.\n(d) What ethics mechanisms and steps can the company create and implement to prevent unethical behavior, as mentioned in the case? (Answer in 250 words) 20 marks","20","250"],[55,"12 Singh Garh is a primarily rural district with minimal, relatively insignificant industrial activity, except for one consumer goods manufacturing plant, which was the primary source of employment. Development indicators such as health, literacy, etc., were much below the national average. Along with developmental issues, another grave concern was the slow rise in child marriages. Despite the legal sanctions, child marriage continued to rise unabated.\n(a) उपरोक्त मामले में कौन-कौन से मुद्दे शामिल हैं?\n(b) आपको क्या लगता है रश्मि को क्या करना चाहिए? क्या रश्मि के लिए स्थानीय प्रशासन को शामिल करना अच्छा विचार होगा? कार्यान्वयन योग्य कार्यवाही का सुझाव दीजिए।\n(c) क्या आपको लगता है कि कंपनियों को उस क्षेत्र की सामाजिक समस्याओं के लिए भी जिम्मेदारी स्वीकार करनी चाहिए जहाँ वे अपना कार्य करती हैं? अगर हाँ तो क्यों, अगर नहीं तो क्यों नहीं?\n(d) श्रमिक संघ की इतनी आक्रामक प्रतिक्रिया के क्या कारण हो सकते हैं? आपके अनुसार रश्मि को कर्मचारी संघ को कैसे संभालना चाहिए? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए) 20 अंक","20 अंक","250 शब्दों में"],[56,"(a) What are the issues involved in the above case?\n(b) What do you think Rashmi should do? Would it be a good idea for Rashmi to involve local administration? Suggest an implementable course of action.\n(c) Do you think companies should also accept responsibility for the social problems of the region where they operate? Why/why not?\n(d) What could be the reasons for such an aggressive reaction from the workers union? How do you think Rashmi should handle the workers union?","20","Answer in 250"]]},{"i":808,"t":"Surabhi Yadav","c":"Forumias","p":"Essay","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/SURABHI-YADAVUPSC_IAS_2025_Toppers_AIR_14_Sample_ESSAY_TEST.pdf","q":[[3,"1. The glass ceiling is not invisible, it is just too high for many to see.\n2. Social justice is not charity, it is structural rebalancing.\n3. A nation's greatness is measured by how it treats its weakest members, and that includes its children.\n4. When we speak of 'Inclusive India', we must ask: Inclusive for whom?","",""],[5,"Will that be considered a charity or a social restructuring?","",""],[16,"SECTION - B 1. Behavior is a function of its consequences.\n2. The age of smart devices and the decline of wise choices.\n3. Judge a man by his question, rather than his answer.\n4. Knowledge without compassion is tyranny of the intellect.","",""]]},{"i":809,"t":"Surabhi Yadav","c":"Forumias","p":"GS1","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/SURABHI-YADAVUPSC_IAS_2025_Toppers_AIR_14_Sample_MGP_TEST_1.pdf","q":[[2,"Q.1) Why has public bathing been a recurring practice across cultures and societies? Discuss with examples.","10","150"],[4,"Q.2) Estimate the contributions of Chalukyas of Badami to Indian heritage and culture.","10","150"],[6,"Q.3) Mahatma Gandhi and Dr. B.R. Ambedkar had contrasting philosophies and approaches on caste and social reform. Examine.","10","150"],[8,"Q.4) What factors can be attributed to the rising incidents of Glacial Lake Outburst Floods (GLOFs) in the Himalayan region? Discuss with examples.","10","150"],[10,"Q.5 \"Migration is a vital livelihood strategy for rural households in developing countries like India.\" Elucidate.","10","150"],[12,"Q.6 Bring out the interdependence between physical and chemical weathering with suitable examples.","10","150"],[14,"Q.7) Discuss how social media is reshaping identity formation and self-worth among adolescents in contemporary Indian society.","10","150"],[16,"Q.8 The disproportionate preference for government jobs in certain Indian states is not merely a matter of personal aspiration. Analyze.","10","150"],[18,"Q.9) Explain the significance of population education in light of India's status as the world's most populous nation.","10","150"],[20,"Q.10 Globalization has infused Indian festivals with commercial elements, while also helping preserve and popularize them in new ways. Do you agree? Justify your answer.","10","150"],[22,"Q.11 India has a rich tradition of diverse dance forms, encompassing both classical and folk styles. Illustrate how they reflect the country's rich spiritual, cultural, and social life.","15","250"],[25,"Q.12 The third decade of the 20th century witnessed the emergence of new forces and ideological currents that influenced the character of the Indian national movement. Elaborate.","15","250"],[28,"Q.13) Analyse the circumstances that led to Simla Agreement in 1972. Discuss the significance of the agreement.","15","250"],[30,"Q.14) \"The Vietnam War was a proxy conflict rooted in the ideological rivalry of the Cold War.\" Comment.","15","250"],[33,"Q.15 Discuss the concept of isostasy and explain its role in shaping Earth's major landforms.","15","250"],[36,"Q.16 The Indian Ocean is warming at an alarming rate. How may it affect the food security of India?","15","250"],[39,"Q.17) Describing the distribution of sugarcane producing countries, examine the major environmental challenges associated with its cultivation.","15","250"],[42,"Q.18) The richness and diversity of Indian society find vivid expression in the unique culture of its tribal communities. Elucidate.","15","250"],[45,"Q.19) Why is it essential to focus on health in the context of urban planning and reforms? How can this be achieved?","15","250"],[48,"Q.20 Analyze the socio-cultural factors contributing to the high attrition rate among women in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) careers in India. Suggest measures to improve their retention in STEM.","15","250"]]},{"i":810,"t":"Surabhi Yadav","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/SURABHI-YADAVUPSC_IAS_2025_Toppers_AIR_14_Sample_MGP_TEST_2.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) \"Extraordinary powers must be exercised with extraordinary care.\" Discuss in the context of Article 142 of the Indian Constitution.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Why are State Legislative Assemblies involved in the election of the President but excluded from the process of impeachment?","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) Private Member's Bills (PMBs) seldom become law in India, yet they are an important aspect of parliamentary democracy. Bring out their significance and suggest steps to strengthen the PMB process.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) Highlight the key points of convergence and divergence between the judicial systems of India and USA.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5 The role of Election Commission of India has evolved beyond conducting elections to becoming a guardian of electoral democracy. Critically evaluate.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6 What is the rationale behind the 'three-language formula' in India's education policy? Also highlight the challenges associated with its adoption and implementation across the country.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7 'Emerging environmental concerns and evolving ecosystem perspectives demand a reimagined approach to rural water governance.' Discuss the key interventions needed to recalibrate rural water policies with special emphasis on the role of communities.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) Identify and discuss the challenges hindering effective implementation of gender-sensitive policies and schemes in the country.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9 Effective transboundary water management can act as a catalyst for regional peace and cooperation.' In light of this statement, bring out the opportunities and challenges for India in leveraging 'water diplomacy' in its neighbourhood.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10 What are the key areas of reform if the World Trade Organization (WTO) has to remain relevant in the present context of rising protectionism and trade wars?","10","150"],[23,"Q.11 The basic structure doctrine acts as a constitutional compass in balancing Parliament's legislative authority and constitutional supremacy. Comment.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12) Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) are pivotal to inclusive and efficient urban governance, yet they remain fiscally constrained and institutionally weak. Analyze.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 \"The judiciary has functioned as an institutional corrective, redefining and refining the contours of the Governor's office to prevent its misuse and uphold constitutional principles.\" Discuss this statement with the help of relevant case laws.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14) How is the 'vertical' and 'horizontal' devolution of taxes to the states decided? Highlighting the concerns raised by some states regarding the devolution of taxes, suggest corrective measures.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15) What steps are required for the constitutionalization of a Commission? Do you think granting constitutional status to the Central Information Commission (CIC) would strengthen the RTI regime in India? Give reasons.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16 Even as India experiences consistent economic growth and has achieved self-sufficiency in food production, hunger and food insecurity remain pressing concerns. Examine the factors responsible for this paradox and suggest steps to improve the situation.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17) The Union Government has recently announced that caste enumeration will be part of the upcoming census. Examine the opportunities and challenges associated with conducting a nationwide 'caste census'. Also, propose a framework for its seamless and effective conduct.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 \"AI integration in governance is no longer a choice but a necessity.\" In light of this statement, discuss how AI can enhance education and healthcare governance.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 Providing a brief overview of the aims and objectives of BIMSTEC, explain its significance for India.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 India's approach to its relationship with China has evolved into what can be best described as 'competitive coexistence'. Discuss in light of recent developments. What should be the broad contours of India's future China policy?","15","250"]]},{"i":813,"t":"Surabhi Yadav","c":"Vision","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/36f5c-1133075_1820_surabhi-yadav_rank_14.pdf","q":[[3,"1. What do you understand by 'constitutionalism'? Highlight various ways in which the Indian Constitution underscores this principle.","10","150"],[5,"2. Mention various initiatives taken for online delivery of judicial services in India. Also, discuss the challenges faced in their implementation.","10","150"],[7,"3. Illiteracy and poverty are hindrances in the formation of healthy public opinion on public policies. Discuss with suitable examples.","10","150"],[8,"4. Why did Dr. B.R. Ambedkar see the CAG as \"probably the most important officer in the Constitution of India\"? Discuss the issues faced in the functioning of CAG.","10","150"],[10,"5. Bring out the similarities and differences in the Bill of Rights in the Constitution of the United States and Fundamental Rights in the Constitution of India.","10","150"],[12,"6. There are various issues related to appointments in higher judiciary in India that need urgent attention. Discuss in context of the recent report by the Parliamentary Standing Committee for the Ministry of Law and Justice.","10","150"],[14,"7. The Competition Commission of India (CCI) effectively reflects a shift from the era of Licence Raj to a conducive regulatory ambience for enhancing consumer welfare by encouraging competition in the market. Discuss.","10","150"],[16,"8. Enumerate the various kinds of writs in the Indian judicial framework and state the remedial significance of writs.","10","150"],[18,"9. Giving the rationale behind the formation of a separate Ministry of Cooperation, discuss the ways to deepen Co-operatives as a true people centric movement in India.","10","150"],[20,"10. Highlighting the key provisions of The Tribunals Reforms Bill, 2021, discuss whether it can help in addressing the issues pertaining to tribunals in India.","10","150"],[22,"11. Asymmetry is not only an important characteristic of federalism in India, it has also helped in the accommodation of diverse demands inherent in our democracy. Discuss.","15","250"],[25,"12. Identifying the designated role of Parliament, discuss the consequences of inefficiency in parliamentary functioning in India. Also, suggest some measures for improving the functioning of Parliament.","15","250"],[28,"13. Despite awarding constitutional status to the National Commission for Backward Classes, there still remain issues with regard to inclusion/exclusion of communities in the OBC list. Discuss.","15","250"],[31,"14. A critical appraisal of the outcomes of the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act underlines the need for second generation reforms to strengthen decentralisation of Urban Local Governance in India. Discuss.","15","250"],[34,"15. Checks and balances as well as separation of powers are not mere intellectual ideas, but principles which strengthen a democracy in real ways. Discuss in the context of India.","15","250"],[37,"16. In the Lok Sabha and the Vidhan Sabhas, the Speaker has vast powers and extensive functions. Elaborating on it, highlight the grounds on which the Office of the Speaker has been criticised and the reforms required in this regard.","15","250"],[40,"17. In India, the Finance Commissions are established pursuant to the constitutional mandate. In this context, do you think the State Finance Commissions have been effective in promoting fiscal federalism? Substantiate with arguments.","15","250"],[43,"18. It is argued that unchecked and rampant exercise of the power to insert laws in the Ninth Schedule results in undermining of constitutional supremacy and creation of parliamentary hegemony. Do you agree? Justify your stand with logical arguments.","15","250"],[46,"19. Though the antecedents of the Indian Constitution can be traced to a series of British colonial legislation and other constitutions of the world, in spirit and practice it has been completely Indian. Discuss.","15","250"],[49,"20. Providing greater flexibility to states in relation to subjects in the state list and 'transferred items' in the concurrent list can pave the way for better Centre-State relations in India. Examine.","15","250"]]},{"i":814,"t":"Surabhi Yadav","c":"Vision","p":"GS3","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/c4fce-1133075_1828_surabhi-yadav_rank_14.pdf","q":[[3,"1. Discuss the significance of the International Solar Alliance and highlight the initiatives taken by it in recent times.","10","150"],[5,"2. Identify the factors behind the problem of low agricultural productivity in India. What initiatives have been taken by the government to address this problem?","10","150"],[7,"3. Despite pulses providing dual benefits of nutritional security and sustaining agricultural production systems, India has not been able to achieve self-sufficiency in their production. Discuss.","10","150"],[9,"4. What do you understand by methanol economy? Critically discuss its role in achieving India's energy security and economic prosperity.","10","150"],[11,"5. Despite many initiatives towards road safety, India accounts for 11% of the global death in road accidents with about 1% of the world's vehicles. Discuss.","10","150"],[13,"6. Increasing the share of rail freight in the overall modal mix could present a golden opportunity for India to shift to an efficient freight paradigm. Discuss.","10","150"],[15,"7. The Major Port Authorities Act, 2021, seeks to grant greater autonomy and flexibility to the major ports and professionalise their governance. Discuss.","10","150"],[17,"8. Analyse the need for shifting from presumptive land titling to conclusive land titling system in India. Also, highlight the hurdles in its implementation.","10","150"],[19,"9. In light of various issues being faced, discuss the need for a revamped and need-based PDS in India.","10","150"],[21,"10. Planning for the potential long-term impacts of climate change on agriculture needs to be prioritised to mitigate threats it poses to India's food security. Discuss.","10","150"],[23,"11. Private sector participation in the operations of Indian Railways can provide a solution to the multiple issues that it faces. Discuss. Also, highlight the features of the Bharat Gaurav Scheme in this context.","15","250"],[26,"12. Discuss how the India Digital Ecosystem of Agriculture (IDEA) will help the government in increasing farmers' income and improving efficiency of the agriculture sector as a whole. Also, state the associated concerns.","15","250"],[29,"13. Owing to rapid depletion of water resources, there is an urgent need to increase water use efficiency. In this context, discuss the status of irrigation in India and challenges faced. Also, suggest suitable measures to address the challenges.","15","250"],[32,"14. Dairying is a viable livelihood option for a large section of the population. In this context, discuss the significance, challenges faced and associated government initiatives for the dairy sector in India.","15","250"],[35,"15. Food subsidy bill is becoming an \"unmanageably large\" expenditure for the government. In this context, analyse the need for revisiting the National Food Security Act (NFSA), 2013.","15","250"],[38,"16. Food processing industry provides a vital link between the two pillars of the economy, i.e. agriculture and industry. In view of this, examine the constraints faced by the agri-food supply chain system in India. Suggest suitable solutions as well.","15","250"],[41,"17. Availability of adequate storage infrastructure has a direct bearing on agricultural yield and farmer's income. Comment. In this context, discuss the measures that can be undertaken to enhance India's agriculture storage capacity.","15","250"],[44,"18. A farmer-centric approach is required to realise the true potential of the animal husbandry sector in India and address the issues it faces. Discuss.","15","250"],[47,"19. Despite being one of the largest agricultural producers in the world, India's agricultural exports have been a laggard. In this context, discuss the issues that need to be addressed for India to emerge as a top global exporter.","15","250"],[50,"20. The imperative to increase farmer's income must shift to creating value chains and must not be reliant on the MSP regime and subsidy bias prevalent in the current Indian agricultural system. Examine.","15","250"]]},{"i":811,"t":"Surabhi Yadav","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/52623-1133075_1819_surabhi-yadav_rank_14.pdf","q":[[3,"1. (a) Explain the relevance of the following in the context of civil service:\n(i) Public Trust\n(ii) Compassion\n(iii) Objectivity\n(iv) Integrity\n(v) Fortitude","10","150"],[5,"1. (b) What do you understand by environmental ethics? Highlight the various values it is based upon.","10","150"],[7,"2. (a) Explaining the need of ethics in public life, mention various sources of ethical guidance for a civil servant.","10","150"],[9,"2. (b) Explain the difference between end-oriented values and means-oriented values. In your opinion, which is more important for a public servant?","10","150"],[11,"3. (a) Moral quality of an action should be judged by its consequences on human happiness. Discuss.","10","150"],[13,"3. (b) The core of Gandhiji's philosophy lies in internal moral power. Discuss.","10","150"],[15,"4. (a) With the help of relevant examples, bring out the difference between the following:\n(i) Vice and Virtue\n(ii) Horizontal and Vertical Accountability\n(iii) Code of Ethics and Code of Conduct\n(iv) Persuasion and Manipulation\n(v) Belief and Faith","10","150"],[17,"4. (b) Civil servants, who are themselves honest, but do nothing to save the institution from corruption, do greater damage to the system. Elucidate.","10","150"],[19,"5. (a) Explain the relationship between personal and professional ethics of a civil servant.","10","150"],[21,"5. (b) Explain, with examples, how law and liberty are related with each other.","10","150"],[23,"6. (a) Ethics is the foundation upon which virtues are built. In this context, discuss how ethics act as an anti-corruption force.","10","150"],[25,"6. (b) In context of the relationship between political executive and civil servants in India, highlight the significance of neutrality in the civil service.","10","150"],[27,"6. (c) The teachings of Arya Samaj present key ethical lessons for present day India. Discuss.","10","150"],[29,"7. You are posted as a District Magistrate in a communally sensitive district of the country. Due to the recent upsurge in the COVID-19 cases, a strict lockdown has been imposed in the district. However, a religious festival is upcoming and a particular community wants to organize a big fair to celebrate the festival despite the lockdown guidelines. People from the other community were also allowed to celebrate their festival a few weeks earlier, though the situation with regard to the pandemic was different then. You have been informed that denial by the administration to allow the fair may anger certain sections of the community and give credibility to allegations of bias against the administration. You have also received confidential reports that such denial may be misused by local politicians to flare up communal tension and the situation may spiral out of control. In this context:\n(a) What are the various issues involved in this situation?\n(b) Identify the various options that you have and highlight your course of action.","20","in around 250"],[34,"8. The Ken-Betwa link project is expected to provide annual irrigation of 10.62 lakh hectares, drinking water supply to about 62 lakh people and also generate 103 MW of hydropower. At the same time, the ambitious project will lead to a large-scale displacement of the people. A total area of about 9,000 hectares will be submerged due to the proposed dam. Some of the area also lies within the Panna Tiger Reserve, considered to be the core habitat of tigers in the region. People fear losing their livelihoods as well. Due to these issues, there has been an ongoing protest by the local people against the project. You, as the head of the project, are given the responsibility to ensure timely completion of the project and ensure its success, as it spearheads India's ambition of river interlinking. Consider the following questions:\n(a) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\n(b) Discuss the steps that can be taken to address these issues. Also suggest some long term measures for such issues.","20",""],[39,"9. In recent times, we have witnessed large scale displacement of people all over the world. The reasons for this are manifold but it has resulted in a severe challenge in the form of a refugee crisis of large proportions. The recent turmoil in Afghanistan adds another unfortunate chapter to it. In this context, answer the following questions:\n(a) Examine the ethical issues involved in the refugee crisis being witnessed in the recent decades.\n(b) Highlight both short-term and long-term measures to deal with it.","20",""],[44,"10. You are a well-known social worker who has worked for many social causes like girls' education, campaigns against female foeticide and infanticide, child labour etc. You enjoy popularity and credibility among the local population for the work that you have done.\n\nRecently, a couple, who is also your distant relative, meet you to seek your counsel on an issue. They convey that a few months ago, they hired a women to act as a surrogate mother and that now she is pregnant with twins. But as per them, they wanted only one child. So they asked the concerned lady to abort one of the fetuses but she is refusing to do so.\n\nUpon meeting the lady, you come to know that she already has two children and her financial condition won't allow her to look after one more child. In fact, her decision to act as a surrogate mother was influenced by the financial incentives she would receive. She can't even take legal recourse as commercial surrogacy has been banned in the country. Both the parties look up to you to find an amicable solution. Given the situation,\n(a) What are the ethical issues involved in the case?\n(b) What are the various options that you have? Which one of these will you adopt? Justify your stand with logical arguments.","20",""],[49,"11. An international beverage company has a signature drink that it sells all over the world, with children being its major consumers. In India, the version of the drink complies with Indian food and health regulations, but is less healthy than the one sold in developed countries. Though the company is not in violation of any law in India, but it is selling an inferior, less healthy product in a developing country like India. There is however, a price differential with the drink sold in India being cheaper than the one sold in developed countries.\n\nIdentify the various stakeholders and discuss the issues that arise in this situation.","20",""],[54,"12. The proliferation of social media platforms have empowered the citizens and enabled them to freely share their views, including criticism of the government and its functionaries. However, it has also given rise to serious concerns such as spread of fake news, hate speech, revenge porn etc., which have grown manifold in recent years. Moreover, there are growing issues related to lack of transparency, accountability and rights of users of such social media platforms.\n\nIn this context, what should be the underlying principles to regulate the social media platforms? Also, suggest a framework to address the associated issues and concerns and make such platforms a safe place for its diverse users.","20",""]]},{"i":812,"t":"Surabhi Yadav","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/29352-1133075_1827_surabhi-yadav_rank_14.pdf","q":[[3,"1. (a) The ideals of 'Dhamma' by Ashoka present key learnings on public morality. Discuss. Also, state their relevance for public servants.","10","150"],[5,"1. (b) There is a need for an effective climate governance structure within the broad framework of corporate governance. Discuss.","10","150"],[7,"2. (a) Family values influence the decisions individuals make both within the family structure and outside of it. Do you agree with the statement? Justify with relevant examples.","10","150"],[9,"2. (b) 'Niti' must be more concerned with 'nyaya' i.e. the elimination of removable injustices rather than defining a perfectly just society. Discuss.","10","150"],[11,"3. (a) While it may seem restrictive, anonymity is one of the greatest strengths of the civil services. Comment in the context of growth of social media in recent times.","10","150"],[13,"4. (b) Explaining the meaning of media ethics, discuss why it is a prerequisite for democracy.","10","150"],[15,"5. (a) What do you understand by a situation of 'crisis of conscience'? Also, explain how a public servant can deal with such a situation.","10","150"],[16,"A public servant can deal with 'crisis of conscience' in following manner -\n1 Maintain calm, self-control.\n2 To do what the law permits.\n3 Find alternative solutions, so that he could cater to both his choices.","",""],[17,"5. (b) The opportunities and threats created by emerging technologies like Artificial Intelligence (AI) require leaders across business, government and civil society to understand the importance of values and ethics in technological development. Elucidate.","10","150"],[19,"6 (a) It is argued that the Indian bureaucracy suffers from indecision and risk aversion. Do you agree? Justify with logical arguments.","10","150"],[21,"6. (b) Corruption endangers not only the quality of governance but also threatens the very foundation of our society. Elucidate.","10","150"],[23,"6. (c) Discuss the foundational values of civil services, which are prerequisites in building a responsive public administration. Also, highlight how Mission Karmayogi aspires to make public administration more responsive.","10","150"],[25,"7. You come across a news report of a state 'X', which has a considerable number of school going children suffering from malnourishment. To overcome this, the state recently rolled out a policy to introduce eggs in mid-day meals in schools. However, some parents, teachers and a few religious groups have protested against the move. The report states that the Minister of Education of state 'X' has assured the public of a reversal in the policy. You are aware that this may be because elections are approaching in the state and the party in power may not want to antagonise a particular religious group, which is its key supporter.\nIn light of this, answer the following:\n(a) Highlight the stakeholders in the given case study.\n(b) Examine the options available in the given situation.\n(c) According to you, what is the best course of action and why?","20","in around 250"],[30,"8. Recently, the government has proposed a bill to increase the age of marriage for women from 18 to 21 years. It has been argued that it will help women improve their nutritional status, lower maternal mortality rate and improve the overall health status of women. However, some critics have stated that the proposed law would be counterproductive to women's cause and the desired objectives will not be met. In this context, answer the following questions:\n(a) What effect will an increase in the age of marriage have on women in India?\n(b) Can legislation be used as an effective tool for social change?\n(c) Discuss other agents that can be used for social change in this context.","20",""],[35,"9 Climate change not only threatens our ecosystems but also undermines the foundation of our fundamental rights, deepens inequalities and creates new forms of injustice. Adapting to climate change and trying to mitigate its impacts are not just a matter of scientific knowledge and political will but also demand a broader view of a complex, inter-related situation. Human induced climate change has brought in several ethical dimensions not just in causing climate change but also in the role and responsibility in mitigating it.\n(a) Highlight the ethical issues arising out of human-induced climate change.\n(b) What ethical principles should form the basis of global action on climate change?","20",""],[38,"Ethical principles to form the basis of global action on climate change","",""],[40,"10. You are the Chairperson of Staff Selection Commission of a state. Recently, an exam for recruitment to the position of sub-inspectors was conducted by the Commission. But a video of some students using hi-tech devices like spy-mics, and placing \"solvers\" to cheat in the exam by hiding bluetooth devices in wig, has been surfacing on the internet. Also, this is not an isolated incident; many instances of organized cheating scandals have shocked the state in recent years. Students are agitated and demanding cancellation of the exam and there is pressure on you to resign. However, your daughter had also appeared in this exam and is confident of clearing it. There are many other students who had waited for this exam for a long time and are hopeful of clearing it with honest efforts. Whatever decision the Commission takes is bound to affect the career of a large number of candidates who appeared in the exam, including your own daughter.\n(a) Highlight the ethical issues concerned in the case.\n(b) Why is cheating in examinations prevalent in many states across India?\n(c) What measures would you take to make sure that a similar situation does not arise in future?","20",""],[45,"11. You are a young officer posted as a Sub-Divisional Magistrate in a backward district. You receive a complaint against the appointment of a Dalit woman in a village school for cooking food under the Mid-Day Meal scheme by parents of some students. The parents are putting immense pressure on the school management to discontinue the services of the woman concerned on the basis of long-standing social norms of caste impurity. They also say that if the management fails to take a favourable decision, keeping in mind the prevailing social customs, they will convene a village assembly and take action against the woman and her family members, including boycotting them socially.\n\nBased on the above information, address the following:\n(a) Identify the issues involved in the given case study.\n(b) Highlighting the reasons behind continuing caste discrimination, discuss the steps which you will take to resolve the present issue.","20",""],[47,"b Reason for continuing Caste based Discrimination -","",""],[50,"12. A bridge is being built by a powerful local contractor in a district. The Public Works Department (PWD) is responsible for issuing the tender, checking the quality of the bridge and giving approval to it. During the construction of the bridge, testing by the quality control lab in the PWD showed its strength to be slightly below the minimum value required for granting approval for its further construction and completion. The local contractor paid hefty bribes to some officials in the PWD to get the contract. These officials are pressurising the quality control lab in the PWD to sign the report and give the required approval to the bridge. The local MLA is also pressuring the concerned lab for the approval, as elections in the state are approaching and the bridge has to be inaugurated. However, the in-charge of the lab is aware that if he grants approval and any mishappening related to the bridge occurs in the future, he may come under scrutiny. In this context, answer the following questions:\n(a) What are the issues involved in this scenario?\n(b) Evaluate the options available to the in-charge of the quality control lab in the given situation.\n(c) What course of action should the lab in-charge take? Justify with logical arguments.","20",""]]},{"i":817,"t":"Suramya Sharma","c":"Forumias","p":"GS1","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/SURAMYA-SHARMAUPSC_IAS_2025_Toppers_AIR_359_Sample_MGP_COPY_4.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) Why has public bathing been a recurring practice across cultures and societies? Discuss with examples.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Estimate the contributions of Chalukyas of Badami to Indian heritage and culture.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3 Mahatma Gandhi and Dr. B.R. Ambedkar had contrasting philosophies and approaches on caste and social reform. Examine.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) What factors can be attributed to the rising incidents of Glacial Lake Outburst Floods (GLOFs) in the Himalayan region? Discuss with examples.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5 \"Migration is a vital livelihood strategy for rural households in developing countries like India.\" Elucidate.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) Bring out the interdependence between physical and chemical weathering with suitable examples.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) Discuss how social media is reshaping identity formation and self-worth among adolescents in contemporary Indian society.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8 The disproportionate preference for government jobs in certain Indian states is not merely a matter of personal aspiration. Analyze.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9) Explain the significance of population education in light of India's status as the world's most populous nation.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10) Globalization has infused Indian festivals with commercial elements, while also helping preserve and popularize them in new ways. Do you agree? Justify your answer.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11) India has a rich tradition of diverse dance forms, encompassing both classical and folk styles. Illustrate how they reflect the country's rich spiritual, cultural, and social life.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12) The third decade of the 20th century witnessed the emergence of new forces and ideological currents that influenced the character of the Indian national movement. Elaborate.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13) Analyse the circumstances that led to Simla Agreement in 1972. Discuss the significance of the agreement.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 \"The Vietnam War was a proxy conflict rooted in the ideological rivalry of the Cold War.\" Comment.","15","250"],[34,"Q.15) Discuss the concept of isostasy and explain its role in shaping Earth's major landforms.","15","250"],[37,"Q.16 The Indian Ocean is warming at an alarming rate. How may it affect the food security of India?","15","250"],[40,"Q.17 Describing the distribution of sugarcane producing countries, examine the major environmental challenges associated with its cultivation.","15","250"],[43,"Q.18) The richness and diversity of Indian society find vivid expression in the unique culture of its tribal communities. Elucidate.","15","250"],[46,"9 Why is it essential to focus on health in the context of urban planning and reforms? How can this be achieved?","15","250"],[49,"Q.20) Analyze the socio-cultural factors contributing to the high attrition rate among women in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) careers in India. Suggest measures to improve their retention in STEM.","15","250"]]},{"i":816,"t":"Suramya Sharma","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/SURAMYA-SHARMAUPSC_IAS_2025_Toppers_AIR_359_Sample_MGP_COPY_3.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1 \"Extraordinary powers must be exercised with extraordinary care.\" Discuss in the context of Article 142 of the Indian Constitution.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Why are State Legislative Assemblies involved in the election of the President but excluded from the process of impeachment?","10","150"],[7,"Q.3 Private Member's Bills (PMBs) seldom become law in India, yet they are an important aspect of parliamentary democracy. Bring out their significance and suggest steps to strengthen the PMB process.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) Highlight the key points of convergence and divergence between the judicial systems of India and USA.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5 The role of Election Commission of India has evolved beyond conducting elections to becoming a guardian of electoral democracy. Critically evaluate.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6 What is the rationale behind the \"three-language formula\" in India's education policy? Also highlight the challenges associated with its adoption and implementation across the country.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7 'Emerging environmental concerns and evolving ecosystem perspectives demand a reimagined approach to rural water governance.' Discuss the key interventions needed to recalibrate rural water policies with special emphasis on the role of communities.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) Identify and discuss the challenges hindering effective implementation of gender-sensitive policies and schemes in the country.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9) Effective transboundary water management can act as a catalyst for regional peace and cooperation. In light of this statement, bring out the opportunities and challenges for India in leveraging 'water diplomacy' in its neighbourhood.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10 What are the key areas of reform if the World Trade Organization (WTO) has to remain relevant in the present context of rising protectionism and trade wars?","10","150"],[23,"Q.11) The basic structure doctrine acts as a constitutional compass in balancing Parliament's legislative authority and constitutional supremacy. Comment.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12) Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) are pivotal to inclusive and efficient urban governance, yet they remain fiscally constrained and institutionally weak. Analyze.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13) \"The judiciary has functioned as an institutional corrective, redefining and refining the contours of the Governor's office to prevent its misuse and uphold constitutional principles.\" Discuss this statement with the help of relevant case laws.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14) How is the 'vertical' and 'horizontal' devolution of taxes to the states decided? Highlighting the concerns raised by some states regarding the devolution of taxes, suggest corrective measures.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15) What steps are required for the constitutionalization of a Commission? Do you think granting constitutional status to the Central Information Commission (CIC) would strengthen the RTI regime in India? Give reasons.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16) Even as India experiences consistent economic growth and has achieved self-sufficiency in food production, hunger and food insecurity remain pressing concerns. Examine the factors responsible for this paradox and suggest steps to improve the situation.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 The Union Government has recently announced that caste enumeration will be part of the upcoming census. Examine the opportunities and challenges associated with conducting a nationwide 'caste census'. Also, propose a framework for its seamless and effective conduct.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 \"AI integration in governance is no longer a choice but a necessity.\" In light of this statement, discuss how AI can enhance education and healthcare governance.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 Providing a brief overview of the aims and objectives of BIMSTEC, explain its significance for India.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20) India's approach to its relationship with China has evolved into what can be best described as 'competitive coexistence'. Discuss in light of recent developments. What should be the broad contours of India's future China policy?","15","15"]]},{"i":815,"t":"Suramya Sharma","c":"Forumias","p":"GS3","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/SURAMYA-SHARMAUPSC_IAS_2025_Toppers_AIR_359_Sample_MGP_COPY_2.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1 The Union Budget 2025-26 outlines a shift towards the 'debt-to-GDP ratio' as the fiscal anchor starting from FY 2026-27. Discuss the rationale behind this shift.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Why does India need to transition from a 'build to print' to a 'build to design' model in manufacturing? What steps has been taken by the government in this regard?","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) Explain the concept of a nutrition-sensitive food system and suggest strategies to achieve it in the country.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) Give a brief overview of the 'Digital Agriculture Mission'. How can it benefit the agriculture sector?","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) Rare earths are not just elements; they are foundational inputs that act like 'seeds of technology'. Elaborate.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) Why retrofitting Electrostatic Precipitators (ESPs) in Indian thermal power plants is a more viable and effective option compared to the installation of flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems?","10","150"],[15,"Q.7 'The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) regime in India remains weak and is often reduced to a procedural formality.' In light of this statement, examine the key challenges in EIA implementation and suggest reforms.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) Plastic pollution is emerging as a serious environmental threat in India. Discuss the various mitigation measures to address this problem and also the government's initiatives in this regard.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9 Amid evolving threats, there is a need to blend private sector capabilities with India's current internal security architecture. In this context, elaborate on the ways in which the private sector can contribute to strengthening internal security.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10 'Radicalisation in Jammu and Kashmir is driven as much by socio-economic factors as by external influences.' Discuss how education and youth engagement can play a role in countering radicalisation in J&K.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11) Outlining the key characteristics of the care economy, discuss how India can better integrate the value of unpaid and underpaid care work into its economic framework.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12) 'The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) presents both unprecedented opportunities and significant challenges for India's labour market.' Examine. Also suggest strategies to align AI adoption with inclusive and resilient labour market outcomes.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13) Why does India's agricultural export performance remain weak despite high production levels? What measures would you suggest to improve agri-export competitiveness?","15","250"],[32,"Q.14) \"The agricultural subsidy regime in the country needs reforms to address the distortions it causes.\" Comment.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 How can biomanufacturing transform today's consumptive manufacturing paradigm to the one based on regenerative principles? Also discuss how BioE3 Policy (Biotechnology for Economy, Environment, and Employment) aims to foster biomanufacturing in the country.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16 The future of digital innovation depends on self-reliant, domain-specific AI capabilities. In this context, bring out the key considerations in developing indigenous AI models and tools. Suggest measures to build an enabling ecosystem for AI innovation in India. What initiatives have been taken by the government in this regard?","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 Marine oil spills are a form of environmental disaster, with far-reaching consequences for biodiversity and coastal livelihoods; however, India's preparedness to prevent such incidents and mitigate their impact has significant gaps. Analyze.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 'The United Nations has declared 2025 as the International Year of Glacier Preservation.' Bring out the ecological and socio-economic significance of glaciers. What are the key challenges in preserving them? What measures have been taken at national and international levels towards preservation of glaciers?","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 What are the determinants of insurgency in the north-eastern region of India? What strategy should the Government of India, civil administration and security forces adopt to counter the threat in the affected areas?","15","250"],[50,"Q.20) Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have become an integral aspect of modern conflict and warfare, employed by both state and non-state actors. Discuss its implications for India's security architecture and state the measures being taken to address them. Also suggest other steps to tackle the threats emanating from UAVs.","15","250"]]},{"i":821,"t":"Suvan Sharma","c":"Vision","p":"GS1","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/ec56e-88099_2422_suvan-sharma_rank_148.pdf","q":[[6,"1. The traditional theatre forms of India reflect the ideals and emotions of the society, and an individual's role in the community. Discuss with examples.","10","150"],[8,"2. Provide an account of the historical and architectural importance of the Sanchi Stupa. Also, discuss how it inspired the future architecture in India.","10","Answer in 150"],[10,"3. Bhagat Singh made a real breakthrough in terms of revolutionary ideology, the goals of revolution and forms of revolutionary struggle. Elucidate.","10","150"],[12,"4. Bringing out the factors that led to the Meiji restoration, discuss its significance for Japan.","10","150"],[14,"5. It is believed that a nation is an \"imagined community\" held together by common beliefs, history, political aspirations etc. In this context, discuss what the basis of India as a nation is. Also, bring out the threats to the concept of Indian nationhood. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"6. State the key factors behind the growth of the pharmaceutical industry in India. Additionally, discuss its significance with regard to India's economy and public health.","10","150"],[18,"7. Discuss why the Bay of Bengal is more prone to cyclones than the Arabian Sea. Also, explain the reasons for the decrease in frequency of tropical cyclones during the Southwest monsoon season.","10","150"],[20,"8. Despite being destructive in nature, volcanoes are critical for the existence of human life on earth. Elucidate.","10","150"],[22,"9. The existence of relative deprivation is an important aspect in constructing the argument for regionalism. Explain with examples.","10","150"],[24,"10. If India is to realise the goal of 'education for all', the issue of rising cases of bullying and other forms of school violence needs to be addressed immediately. Discuss.","10","150"],[26,"11. Bring out the role played by the Ahom Kingdom in shaping the cultural and historical identity of North-East India, and discuss its legacy in contemporary times.","15","250"],[29,"12. The capitalist class generally remained ambivalent in their support to the Indian National Congress until 1940s. In this context, analyse the varying positions of the Indian capitalists throughout the national movement.","15","250"],[32,"13. Trace the evolution of the press in India. Also, discuss the instrumental impact it had during various stages of the Indian freedom struggle despite the repressive policies of the British.","15","Answer in 250"],[35,"14. Highlighting the factors behind the formation of different types of deserts give a brief account of the major landforms found in them.","15","250"],[38,"15. Mountains are fragile ecosystems vulnerable to the adverse impact of climate change and other anthropogenic interventions. Illustrate with examples. Also, highlight the initiatives taken for their sustainable management.","15","250"],[41,"16. Discuss the reasons behind unsustainable management of sand resources in India. Highlighting its impact, enumerate the remedial measures taken in this context.","15","Answer in 250"],[44,"17. Giving an account of the major lithium-producing countries, discuss the geo-political aspects of lithium production and its environmental implications.","15","250"],[47,"18. The youth are capable of identifying themselves with a global identity and connecting with events and experiences outside their countries. In this context, discuss the impact of globalization on the various aspects of youth identity.","15","250"],[49,"3 Clash in social identities leading to psychological distress.\na) Identity 1 on Social Media - Globalised, Global Village, Equality, Achievement based\nIdentity 2 at home - Primordial, Native Village, Hierarchy, Ascribed status","",""],[50,"19. As fertility rates decline in India, future demographic concerns center around an ageing population and a weak social security system. Discuss. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[53,"20. With a significant proportion of India's population expected to live in urban areas by 2030, the welfare of the urban poor needs to take centre-stage in public policy. Discuss.","15","250"]]},{"i":818,"t":"Suvan Sharma","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2025,"r":148,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/SUVAN-SHARMAUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-148-Sample-MGP-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1 \"India's democratic roots are deeply embedded in its ancient civilizational ethos.\" Discuss in the context of India being referred to as the 'Mother of Democracy'.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Elucidate the significance of tiger and elephant figures in Indian mythology, art and architecture.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3 The arrival of Lord William Bentinck marked a period of transformation in the British Indian State. Discuss.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) Explain how the American War of Independence deprived Great Britain of one empire, but it strengthened the foundations of another.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) What are Rare Earth Elements (REEs)? Discuss the multi-dimensional implications of uneven distribution of REEs in the world.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) Highlight the salient differences between the Himalayan and the Peninsular drainage Systems.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7 Describe the nature and mode of origin of the main types of rock at the earth's crust.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) The alienation of modern lifestyles from nature has contributed to the ongoing environmental crisis in India. Examine.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9 What do you understand by the term ‘urbanisation of poverty’? Also, explain how urban poverty differs from rural poverty in India?","10","150"],[21,"Q.10 Globalization has redefined the idea of community and kinship in Indian society. Do you agree? Justify your answer.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11 The flourishing of various art forms during the Kushana period reflects the rich and diverse cultural landscape of the time. What insights does this provide into the socio-cultural aspects of that era?","15","250"],[26,"Q.12 Trace the events that led to the Civil Disobedience Movement. What were its outcomes?","15","250"],[29,"Q.13) Mahatma Jyotirao Phule's reformist ideas played a significant role in shaping the social foundations of the Indian freedom movement. Elaborate.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 The interlinking of rivers offers several benefits, but also raises significant socio-economic and environmental concerns. Analyze.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15) Explain the concept of rain shadow effect. How does it influence the distribution of precipitation and vegetation across mountain ranges?","15","250"],[38,"Q.16 Bring out the major features of the Indian monsoon and elaborate upon its causative factors.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17) What are the geographical factors responsible for the growth of mangrove vegetation in India? Also highlight its role in coastal ecology.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 To what extent can the rise of 'Kidfluencers' be seen as a reflection of changing family structures and parental aspirations in Indian society?","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 Women often form the backbone of grassroots movements in India, yet they remain largely invisible and excluded from the decision-making process. Examine.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 Do you agree with the view that social media is a 'double edged sword'? Discuss in the context of its impact on Indian society.","15","250"]]},{"i":819,"t":"Suvan Sharma","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2025,"r":148,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/SUVAN-SHARMAUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-148-Sample-MGP-Copy-2.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) To what extent, in your opinion, have the ideals of the Preamble been realised in the country's 75-year constitutional journey?","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) The evolution of property rights in India reflects an intricate relationship that exists between individual rights and public welfare. Discuss this statement with the help of relevant constitutional provisions and case laws.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3 Under what conditions can the ‘National’ Emergency be proclaimed by the President of India? What are the consequences when such a proclamation remains in force? When was it last imposed in the country?","10","150"],[9,"Q.4 ‘Lack of a binding framework for pre-legislative consultations in India limits citizen engagement in the lawmaking.’ Propose measures to strengthen the role of public consultation in the legislative process.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) 'The recommendations of the 15th Finance Commission have enabled the States to improve their fiscal conditions.' Comment.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6 In what ways do industry and business associations contribute to socio-economic development in the country? Explain with suitable examples.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7 \"India’s poverty lies in the eyes of the beholder.\" In light of this statement, examine the need for a credible and periodically updated poverty estimation framework in the country.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) The Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act, 2012 falls short of achieving its intended objectives. Comment.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9 'Starved of funds, shackled by geopolitics, WHO is facing a crisis of capacity and credibility.' Discuss the statement in the light of USA's withdrawal and its accusation of the health body of being 'biased towards China and mishandling the COVID-19 pandemic'.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10 The world continues to operate in a ‘my terrorist’ versus ‘your terrorist’ paradigm. Explain. What strategies would you suggest to develop a unified, comprehensive, and rules-based global approach to tackle the menace of terrorism?","10","150"],[23,"Q.11 Briefly explain the procedure laid down in the Representation of the People Act (RPA), 1951 for the registration of political parties with the Election Commission of India (ECI). What are Registered Unrecognised Political Parties (RUPPs)? What concerns are associated with them? Does the ECI have powers to de-register a political party?","15","250"],[26,"Q.12 Assess the role of NITI Aayog over the past decade in promoting cooperative and competitive federalism.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 'The post of Deputy Speaker goes beyond ceremonial significance and is indispensable to Indian parliamentary democracy.' Discuss with relevant constitutional provisions and conventions. Also, examine the implications of the prolonged vacancy of the Deputy Speaker's post.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14) Is the growing demand for stricter regulation of online content justified, or does it pose a threat to the right to freedom of speech and expression? Examine in light of recent judicial pronouncements.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 Critically examine the 'in-house procedure' adopted by the Apex Court to inquire into allegations of misconduct against judges of constitutional courts in India.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16 Recent controversies over alleged malpractices in the electoral rolls have renewed demands for the mandatory linkage of Aadhaar with Voter ID. What is your opinion? Give reasons in support of your answer.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 Lateral entry into civil services is seen as a reformative step, yet it continues to attract criticism and controversy. Discuss.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 While rankings aim to benchmark the performance of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs), concerns remain about whether current ranking frameworks reflect the broader goals of education. Suggest measures to make the ranking system more objective, inclusive, and aligned with educational and societal outcomes.","15","250"],[45,"13 Are broader goals of education reflected?","",""],[47,"Q.19 Examine the factors behind the growing salience of the Arctic region in international politics. Discuss, in this context, strategies for India to recalibrate its Arctic engagement.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 Bangladesh is a key pillar of India's Neighborhood First policy, but recent developments on both sides threaten to disrupt the 'Sonali Adhyay' in bilateral relations. Analyze.","15","250"],[52,"5 Growing anti-India sentiment fuelled by radicalisation and Rohingya issue hinder joint cooperation on security issues\ni) Teesta Water Sharing\n2) India's role as global giant\n3) Support for UNSC reforms\n4) Global South leadership\n5) Connectivity of North East\n6) Indian technology growth & assistance to Bangladesh rep Roopur nuclear plant\n7) Energy security as packed LPG has to be provided to North East","",""]]},{"i":822,"t":"Suvan Sharma","c":"Vision","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/828d7-88099_2423_suvan-sharma_rank_148.pdf","q":[[6,"1. With suitable examples, discuss how environmental pressure groups enhance public participation and responsiveness with regard to environmental policies in India.","10","150"],[8,"2. The recent acknowledgment of sex work as a 'profession' by the Supreme Court is merely the first step in ensuring basic rights and equality for sex workers in India. Examine. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[10,"3. Discuss the role played by District Legal Services Authorities (DLSAs) in providing free legal aid and disseminating legal awareness in India.","10","150"],[12,"4. \"The collegium system has become a victim of its own success, with the concentration of power in the hands of a few, leading to questions about its legitimacy.\" Comment.","10","150"],[14,"5. \"Civil services reforms must go beyond recruitment and standardised training to cope with the present day challenges.\" Analyse. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"6. Outcome-based finance models such as social impact bonds have the potential to truly catalyse change and deliver socio-economic impact at scale. Discuss.","10","150"],[18,"7. The wide gap between the number of females graduating every year and those entering the workspace is an issue of paramount importance that needs to be addressed. Discuss in the context of India. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[20,"8. An up to date and functional Civil Registration System (CRS) is essential to the socio-economic planning in India. Discuss in the light of the recent move of the Central government in revamping the CRS system in the country.","10","150"],[22,"9. What are the key areas of reform if the International Monetary Fund (IMF) has to align with the current economic realities? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[24,"10. In recent years, India's relationship with West Asia has evolved from the confines of geopolitics to expanse of geoeconomics. Discuss.","","150"],[26,"11. The role of the Competition Commission of India (CCI) is significant in furthering healthy competitiveness aimed at inspiring stakeholders to innovate and augment effectiveness. Comment.","","250"],[29,"12. \"The menace of paid news often rears its ugly head during elections,\" Discuss the need for making paid news an electoral offence in India. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[32,"13. Discuss the 'Doctrine of Essentiality' referred to by the courts in the context of religious practices in India. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[35,"14. As per the recently released report of the Economic Advisory Council to the Prime Minister (EAC-PM), there is an urgent need to limit the size of the government in India. Do you agree? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[38,"15. The Institutions of Eminence (IoE) scheme was conceived to develop 'world-class' centres of higher education in India but six years later, it is yet to become the game changer it was intended to be. Discuss.","15","250"],[41,"16. Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI) allows for innovative and convenient public services, help overcome inclusion or accessibility barriers, and increase transparency and accountability with real-time data. Discuss with examples. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[44,"17. Besides legislation, the full realisation of the 'right to health for all' in India demands plugging of social, financial, and infrastructural gaps. Examine.","15","Answer in 250"],[47,"18. The 'third gender' has not yet been engendered in the Indian society despite legislative nudge. Analyse.","15","250"],[50,"19. Among other factors, strained ties with China and Pakistan make it difficult for India to fulfill its expectations from the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO). Discuss.","15","250"],[53,"20. The recently concluded initiative on Critical and Emerging Technology (iCET) between the United States and India promises a long overdue transformation of their partnership in the field of technology. Examine.","15","250"]]},{"i":823,"t":"Suvan Sharma","c":"Visionias","p":"GS3","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/3a4ee-88099_2424_suvan-sharma_rank_148.pdf","q":[[6,"1. What are the different dimensions of food security? Examine India's status in terms of ensuring food security with regard to these dimensions.","10","150"],[8,"2. Modern technologies such as blockchain and ChatGPT are powerful tools with immense potential to transform agriculture into a more efficient and sustainable sector. Discuss in the context of India.","10","150"],[10,"3. What factors have led to the recent acceleration in the trend towards de-dollarization of the global economy? Do you think the dollar will lose its dominance anytime soon?","","Answer in 150"],[12,"4. Despite significant pressure from the developed countries to alter its food subsidy regime, there is merit in India trying to retain its policy support for the poor in the country. Discuss.","10","150"],[14,"5. Several initiatives have been taken by the government towards addressing India's water needs, but the issues of water availability and water quality still warrant prioritised intervention. Discuss.","10","150"],[16,"6. What are the major drivers of glacial retreat in the Arctic? Describe the potential impact of the retreat of Arctic glaciers on the ecosystem.","10","150"],[18,"7. Space tourism, which was viewed as something straight out of a science fiction movie, is now becoming a reality albeit not without hindrances. What are the challenges associated with space tourism? What measures can be taken to address these challenges? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[20,"8. Global health experts widely believe that the development of CAR-T cell therapy can be a game changer in the treatment of cancer. How can CAR-T cell therapy overcome the limitations of CRISPR-Cas9 technology? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[22,"9. Discuss why the rising deployment of new and emerging technologies by prominent violent extremist organizations demand concerted global efforts.","10","150"],[24,"10. With the Line of Actual Control (LAC) remaining tense after the Galwan and Yangste incidents and both India and China ramping up infrastructure in the border areas, discuss the role that ITBP plays in the region. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[26,"11. Do you think there is a need for a shift from 'land productivity' to 'irrigation water productivity' in India? Justify your answer. What are the challenges in making this shift? Explain.","15","250"],[29,"12. Examine the role that green hydrogen can play in unlocking the energy security of India. How can the National Green Hydrogen Mission help India in achieving its energy goals? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[32,"13. The government has been weighing a transition from minimum wage to living wage in recent times. What are the benefits and constraints in the adoption of living wage in India? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[35,"14. The Union Budget affects almost every sector of the Indian economy, yet neither the budgetary processes nor the budget policies come under substantial public scrutiny. Do you agree? Justify your answer.","15","250"],[38,"15. India has been able to transform itself from a milk deficit country to the world's biggest milk producer, but the productivity of dairy animals in the country remains a concern. Discuss.","15","250"],[41,"16. While climate change is responsible for crop failures, the agricultural sector itself is partly responsible for extreme weather events. Discuss. What strategy has been adopted under National Agriculture Disaster Management Plan to strengthen the resilience of the farming community in India? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[44,"17. Some regions in India, including Delhi, are highly vulnerable to the impact of earthquakes originating in the Himalayas. Discuss. What institutional measures have been taken to mitigate earthquake losses in India? Do you think there are significant gaps that still exist? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[47,"18. Recently, scientists announced net energy gain in nuclear fusion reaction, which is considered as a major scientific breakthrough for the future of clean energy. What are the advantages of nuclear fusion based power generation? What are the limitations in using it to generate electricity at a commercial scale? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[50,"19. Keeping in view the recent amendment, examine the efficacy of the Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002, in tackling the menace of money laundering in India. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[53,"20. Discuss the security threats present in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR), which have a direct bearing on India's maritime border interests. Suggest a robust strategy to deal with these threats.","15","250"]]},{"i":820,"t":"Suvan Sharma","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/e91f9-88099_2425_suvan-sharma_rank_148.pdf","q":[[6,"1. (a) For effective corporate governance to take place in the coming years, why is it important to integrate the ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) metrics with the multi-stakeholder approach? What benefits can be accrued by such integration? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[8,"1. (b) In acts of corruption, the focus is often only on the demand side of the equation, on public officials who abuse their office for private gain. Frequently, the supply side is given less attention. Those who pay bribes are sometimes depicted as innocent parties and victims of extortionary practices of wily public servants. Do you agree that 'collusive corruption', in which there is a willing bribe-giver, is a formidable challenge for institutions fighting corruption?","10","150"],[10,"2. (a) The Citizens' Charters initiative was a response to the quest for solving the problems, which a citizen encountered, day in and day out, while dealing with the organisations providing public services. But the introduction and implementation of Citizens' Charters in the government of India has been difficult due to the old bureaucratic set up and the rigid attitudes of the work force. Discuss the major obstacles that have been encountered in implementing the Citizens' Charter initiative.","10","150"],[12,"2. (b) Quality of public service delivery is a major determinant of the quality of life of vulnerable sections in a highly unequal society divided along the lines of class, caste, religion, etc. In this background, do you think that public service delivery is efficient and sufficient enough to improve the lives of vulnerable groups in India? Critically examine.","10","150"],[14,"3 (a) What do each of the following quotations mean to you?\n(a) “The wise man does not lay up his own treasures. The more he gives to others, the more he has for his own.” - Lao Tzu (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"3. (b) \"If ethics are poor at the top, that behavior is copied down through the organization.\" - Robert Noyce.","10","150"],[18,"3. (c) \"The end of law is not to abolish or restrain, but to preserve and enlarge freedom.\" - John Locke (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[20,"4. (a) Wealthy CEOs and founders of successful businesses around the world are increasingly pledging to give away their wealth in philanthropy. Do you think that such a move is sufficient enough to bring about a positive change in the society? Critically examine.","10","150"],[22,"4. (b) As organizations across the globe begin their artificial intelligence (AI) transformation, the leap into the AI era is expected to be more challenging than any technology that businesses have grappled with yet. In this background, discuss the concerns around fairness, transparency, and job security that may arise.","10","150"],[24,"5. (a) The emphasis of Swami Dayanand Saraswati on education, social equality, and ethical values continues to influence the socio-cultural discourse in contemporary India. Discuss with suitable examples.","10","150"],[26,"5. (b) Write short notes on the following in 30 words each :\n(i) Dedication to public service\n(ii) Non-partisanship in civil service\n(iii) Objectivity in decision-making","2 x 5 = 10","30 words each"],[28,"6. (a) Emotional intelligence may not be singularly associated with emotions or intelligence. It can also include a broad range of personality characteristics that might predict success in professional and everyday life. Discuss.","","Answer in 150"],[30,"6. (b) Traditional forms of state-led accountability, also characterised as vertical and horizontal channels of accountability, are increasingly found to be inadequate, and a myriad of multi-stakeholder and bottom-up citizen directed approaches have come to the fore, to supplement or supplant them. Discuss with illustrations.","10","150"],[32,"7 In the context of this case, answer the following:\n(a) What are the issues involved in this case?\n(b) What measures can be taken to reduce the adverse effects of such technologies? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[33,"With reference to this case study, answer the following:\n(a) What are the issues involved in this case?\n(b) What measures can be taken to minimize the negative implications of adopting such technologies? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[37,"8 दी गई स्थिति में:\n(a) रीना को किन दुविधाओं का सामना करना पड़ रहा है?\n(b) उसके पास क्या विकल्प हैं? प्रत्येक के गुण और दोष बताइए।\n(c) उसके द्वारा अपनाई जाने वाली कार्रवाई को रेखांकित कीजिए, साथ ही उसका औचित्य सिद्ध कीजिए। (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250"],[38,"In the given situation:\n(a) What dilemmas does Rina face?\n(b) What options does she have? Provide the merits and demerits of each.\n(c) Highlight the course of action she should adopt, along with justification for the same.","20","Answer in 250"],[42,"9 You have recently been posted as a Nodal Education Officer in one of the districts, where mass cheating in examinations is a regular phenomenon. Media reports have shown parents and relatives scaling school walls and buildings to pass answer chits to students taking secondary school examinations in the district. Moreover, with the advent of new technological devices, cheating in examinations has become more sophisticated and exam rules are flouted openly. On investigation, it has come to your notice that these rackets are run by many school authorities, including exam invigilators who are mostly teachers, and they are hand in glove for profits. With a shortage of staff, invigilators threaten go on mass strikes if any action is taken. Conducting the exams, cancelling them on account of cheating and having re-exams are a loss of time and money for the government and this vicious cycle goes on.\n\nAs the Nodal Education Officer of the district, address the following questions:\n(a) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\n(b) How will you resolve the issues in the given case?\n(c) What long-term strategy needs to be adopted to deal with the menace of cheating in various examinations? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[47,"10. उपयुक्त जानकारी के संदर्भ में, निम्नलिखित पर ध्यान दीजिए:\n(a) प्रस्तुत प्रकरण में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दे कौन-से हैं?\n(b) महासागरों की संधारणीयता पर प्रतिकूल प्रभाव डाले बिना किसी राष्ट्र के आर्थिक विकास के दृष्टिकोण को कैसे प्राप्त किया जा सकता है? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250"],[48,"In the context of the above-stated information, address the following:\n(a) What are the ethical issues in the given case study?\n(b) How can the vision of economic development of a nation be achieved without adversely affecting the sustainability of oceans? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[52,"11 (a) आप एक जिला मजिस्ट्रेट हैं और यह क्षेत्र आपके क्षेत्राधिकार में आता है। दोनों पक्षों के लोग अपनी शिकायतें लेकर आपके पास आए हैं। आप दोनों दृष्टिकोणों में सामंजस्य स्थापित करने के लिए क्या करेंगे?\n(b) कार्रवाई के निम्नलिखित संभावित तरीकों के गुण और दोषों का उल्लेख कीजिए:\n(1) क्षेत्र के निवासियों के विरोध को नजरअंदाज करना और धार्मिक पूजा स्थल को मौजूद नियमों के अनुसार बनाने की अनुमति दे देना।\n(2) नए पूजा स्थल पर भरोसा करने वाले हजारों उपासकों को निराश करते हुए, निवासियों से सहमत होकर निर्माण पर रोक लगा देना।\n(3) एक समझौते के रूप में, आपके द्वारा पूजा स्थल पर भवन निर्माण संबंधी अतिरिक्त नियमों को लागू किया जाना या डिजाइन में संशोधन पर बल दिया जाना। (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250 शब्दों में"],[53,"(a) You are a District Magistrate and the area lies in your jurisdiction. People from both sides have approached you with their grievances. What would you do to reconcile the two points of view?\n(b) Mention the merits and demerits of the following potential courses of action:\n(1) Ignore the opposition from the residents of the area and allow the place of religious worship to be built in accordance with the existing regulations.\n(2) Prohibit the construction, agreeing with the residents while causing distress among the thousands of worshippers counting on the new place of worship.\n(3) As a compromise, you place additional building regulations on the worship place or insist on modifications to the design. (Answer in 250 words)\na) You are a District Magistrate and the area lies in your jurisdiction. People from both sides have approached you with their grievances. What would you do to reconcile the two points of view?\nb) Mention the merits and demerits of the following potential courses of action:\n(1) Ignore the opposition from the residents of the area and allow the place of religious worship to be built in accordance with the existing regulations.\n(2) Prohibit the construction, agreeing with the residents while causing distress among the thousands of worshippers counting on the new place of worship.\n(3) As a compromise, you place additional building regulations on the worship place or insist on modifications to the design.","","250"],[57,"12. You are a public representative, elected on the ticket of a political party, considered as conservative by many. Your daughter, who has returned years after studying abroad, has conveyed to you her choice of marrying a person from another community. You personally do not consider anything wrong in her choice, and convey your assent to her. You also discuss it with many among your friends and family, and inform them of a grand wedding ceremony you are planning for your daughter. However, a few days after you have shared the news of the forthcoming grand wedding with many, you are informed by your political secretary about an issue being made of the same. He informs you that there are whispers among many people in your constituency about it, and indications of a sense of unease among some prominent citizens. While most of them are enamoured by your plans for a grand wedding ceremony for your daughter, they are unhappy about the bridegroom being from another community. You also get to know through your sources in the party, that your assent to the choice of the bridegroom may lead to a denial of ticket by the high command in the forthcoming elections. You are not only an ambitious politician and a rising star in your political party but also an open-minded, loving and doting father. But howsoever much you love your daughter's freedom and choices, you do not want her decision to adversely affect your political journey. This is more so, when you had been eagerly looking forward to greater responsibilities and a higher stature in the party, given the years of hardwork you have put in, as a politician. Your daughter, on the other hand, is firm with her choice and does not want her impending grand wedding to be affected in any way.\n(a) उपयुक्त प्रकरण में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दे कौन-से हैं?\n(b) एक पिता और एक महत्वाकांक्षी राजनीतिज्ञ के रूप में आपके पास उपलब्ध विभिन्न विकल्प क्या हैं?\n(c) आपकी कार्रवाई का तरीका क्या होगा? उचित तर्क सहित पुष्टि कीजिए। (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250 शब्दों में"],[58,"Given this situation, answer the following:\n(a) What are the ethical issues in the above situation?\n(b) What are the various options that you have, as a father and an ambitious politician?\n(c) What will be your course of action? Justify with proper reasoning. (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"]]},{"i":824,"t":"Suyash","c":"Vision","p":"GS1","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/c7a64-269847_1417_suyash_dwivedi_rank_94.pdf","q":[[2,"1. Dadabhai Naoroji left an indelible imprint on the national movement. Explain.","10","150"],[4,"2. The Quit India movement marked a new direction in the struggle against the British colonial rule in India. Analyse","10","150"],[6,"3. The end of World War II marked the birth of a new international order.","10","150"],[8,"4. The Simla Agreement (1972) and Lahore Declaration (1999) are two key milestones in the history of the Indian subcontinent. Discuss.","10","150"],[10,"5. Social security should not only involve economic empowerment but also social empowerment. Discuss in the context of India.","10","150"],[12,"6. Explain with examples how globalisation is manifested in both local in the global and the global in the local.","10","150"],[14,"7. In light of persistence of various forms of violence against women in India, discuss the ways in which the issue can be addressed effectively.","10","150"],[16,"8. What is an urban forest? Highlight its benefits and steps taken by the government to promote urban forestry in India.","10","150"],[18,"9. How has globalization impacted the location of the IT industry?","10","150"],[20,"10. How can eco-tourism be used to sustainably harness the potential of tourism industry in India? Discuss the challenges and steps taken by the government in this context.","10","150"],[22,"11. The advent of Buddhism and Jainism was instrumental in the development of architecture in ancient India. Discuss.","15","250"],[25,"12 The reactionary policies of Lord Lytton and the liberal policies of his successor Lord Rippon acted as catalyst in the formation of the Indian National Congress. Discuss.","15","250"],[28,"13. Gandhiji changed his methods of struggle against the British from time-to-time to suit the varied circumstances and problems that needed to be tackled. Analyse.","15","250"],[31,"14. Bring out the relationship between the industrial revolution and the advent of imperialism in different parts of the world.","15","250"],[34,"15. The caste system in India has continued to persist by adapting itself to a variety of changing socio-economic and political conditions in the past few decades. Discuss.","15","250"],[37,"16. It is argued by some that regionalism is a threat to national integrity while others consider it as a highly impactful tool in facilitating political participation. Discuss.","15","250"],[40,"17. Natural gas has become an important primary energy source and its consumption is projected to increase further. Identify various usages of natural gas and give a brief account of its distribution globally.","15","250"],[43,"18. Describe the process of rift valley formation, with special emphasis on the Great Rift Valley System.","15","250"],[46,"19. India's water resources have witnessed rapid depletion due to a mix of economic, geographic, and political factors. Explain and discuss its implications.","15","250"],[49,"20. How are plateaus formed? Also, briefly discuss the features of the Deccan plateau and its economic significance.","15","250"]]},{"i":825,"t":"Suyash Dwivedi","c":"Vision","p":"Essay","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/ce5c5-269847_3281_suyash_dwivedi_rank_94.pdf","q":[[11,"What is mindset? How is it different from an individual?","",""],[12,"Why is Right mindset needed?","",""],[15,"How can mindset destroy a person?","",""],[19,"How can right mindset be cultivated?","",""],[27,"Does anyone chooses to be poor?\n If no one chooses to be poor, then whose crime is it that almost 200 million people in India find their life constrained?","",""]]},{"i":827,"t":"Suyash Dwivedi","c":"Vision","p":"GS1","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/c1279-269847_1509_suyash_dwivedi_rank_94.pdf","q":[[3,"1. The architecture of Vijayanagara kingdom has a distinctive style comprising of unique features. Elaborate with examples.","10","150"],[5,"2. Although the tenure of Lord William Bentinck was short, it was marked by enduring reforms. Elaborate.","10","150"],[7,"3. While the Indian capitalists were not in favour of protracted mass civil disobedience, many of them also acknowledged the utility, even necessity, of civil disobedience in getting crucial concessions for their class and the nation. Explain.","10","150"],[9,"4. American Revolution was a constitutional crisis brought on by the irreconcilability of Britain's imperial interests and the colonists' experience in self-government. Explain.","10","150"],[11,"5. Explaining the phenomenon of Western Disturbance, discuss its impact on the Indian weather system.","10","150"],[13,"6. Arabian Sea, a cyclone shy water body, is converting into a cyclone hotbed. Analyse the reasons behind this trend.","10","150"],[15,"7. Despite the Peninsular India being a stable land mass and a region of slight seismicity, it has witnessed several earthquakes. Discuss with examples.","10","150"],[17,"8. Despite all the long strides towards women's rights to property and inheritance in India, there still exist challenges that need to be addressed. Discuss.","10","150"],[19,"9. It has been observed in India, while the population has stabilised in southern states, this remains a pipe dream in the case of northern states. Analyse the reasons behind this trend.","10","150"],[21,"10. Globalisation is affecting the attitudes and aspirations of youth in India in multifarious ways. Discuss.","10","150"],[23,"11. Identifying its major forms, broadly trace the evolution of classical dance in India.","15","250"],[26,"12. The acceptance of partition by the Indian National Congress was only the last stage of the process of gradual concessions given to the Muslim League. Critically discuss.","15","250"],[29,"13 Over the course of the freedom struggle, especially after the Indian Council's Act of 1892, nationalist leaders in India transformed the Imperial Legislative Council, from a powerless machine functioning as a tool of endorsement of government policies into a forum for ventilating popular grievances. Discuss","15","250"],[32,"14. Despite its advocacy for peaceful resolution of disputes, highlight the factors that prompted India to use force to remove Portuguese colonial rule from its territories after independence.","15","250"],[35,"15. The roots of the present Israel-Palestine conflict may be traced back to ancient history, however it is the 20th century which has shaped it in its modern form. Explain.","15","250"],[38,"16. Draw out a comparison between Savanna and Steppe types of climate in terms of economic and geographical aspects.","15","250"],[41,"17. Give an account of the deposits of different types of minerals found in the ocean relief across the world.","15","250"],[44,"18. Discuss the problems and prospects of the cotton textile industry in India.","15","250"],[47,"19. As Indian cities are undergoing rapid urbanization with burgeoning population, state policies and actions have proved to be inadequate to address the corresponding challenges. Analyse.","15","250"],[48,"19. As Indian cities are undergoing rapid urbanization with burgeoning population, state policies and actions have proved to be inadequate to address the corresponding challenges. Analyse.","15","250"],[51,"20. Nation doesn't negate the concept of region. Discuss the idea in the Indian context","15","250"]]},{"i":826,"t":"Suyash Dwivedi","c":"Vision","p":"GS3","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/ca7b4-269847_3612_suyash_dwivedi_rank_94.pdf","q":[[3,"a) As AI systems become deeply embedded in societal frameworks, it is imperative to ensure their design and deployment prioritize human well-being, equity, and fairness. In this context, what values should guide the development of trustworthy, human-centered AI systems? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[5,"Ethical leadership is crucial for fostering good governance, as it emphasizes core values such as justice, accountability, and equity. In the face of diverse and challenging scenarios, how can ethical leadership drive transformative change in governance and decision-making? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[7,"Integrity and impartiality are cornerstones of ethical public service, ensuring that decisions are not influenced by personal gains or biases. Upholding these values becomes challenging in situations where external pressures conflict with administrative responsibilities. Examine the importance of integrity and impartiality in civil services. How can a civil servant navigate external pressures to maintain these values while delivering effective governance? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[9,"b) Transparency is not just a tool to combat corruption but a fundamental practice that upholds the integrity and legitimacy of public institutions. Examine the above statement with suitable examples. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[11,"Given below are three quotations of great thinkers. What do each of these quotations convey to you in the present context?","10","Answer in 150"],[13,"\"Cultivation of mind should be the ultimate aim of human existence\" - Dr. B.R. Ambedkar (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[15,"\"The true measure of a man is how he treats someone who can do him absolutely no good.\" - Samuel Johnson (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[17,"Examine the role of social media in shaping moral and political attitudes in contemporary society. Suggest guiding principles for fostering responsible and ethical social media usage. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[19,"While Emotional Intelligence (EI) can be a powerful tool for strengthening interpersonal relationships and achieving goals, its misuse raises ethical concerns of manipulating emotions for personal or political advantage. Discuss the dual-edged nature of EI in this context.","10","150"],[21,"Preventive measures play a crucial role in curbing corruption in the long run. In this context, what are the existing preventive mechanisms that aim to prevent corruption? Do you think similar mechanisms should be institutionalized at the organizational level to ensure greater accountability and transparency? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[23,"A public servant's primary duty is to recognise the importance of public interest and ensure that it is upheld. How can a public servant balance professional responsibilities while ensuring the public good is effectively served? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[25,"With the increasing role of the corporate sector in wealth generation and employment, ethical governance has become essential. Identify and discuss the ethical principles that should guide the corporate sector to ensure the interests of stakeholders and societal well-being.","10","150"],[27,"How does whistleblowing influence trust and accountability in governance? Analyse the ethical dilemmas involved in whistleblowing. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[29,"In the following questions, carefully study the cases presented and then answer the questions that follow (in around 250 words):\n(a) इस प्रकरण में शामिल प्रमुख हितधारकों की पहचान कीजिए और उनके संबंधित हितों का विश्लेषण कीजिए।\n(b) आर्थिक विकास, पर्यावरणीय संवेदनशीलता और जनजातीय अधिकारों के बीच संतुलन बनाने में अधिकारी द्वारा सामना की जाने वाली नैतिक दुविधाओं पर चर्चा कीजिए। (उत्तर 250 शब्दों में दीजिए)","","around 250"],[30,"a) Identify the key stakeholders involved in the case and analyze their respective interests.\nb) Discuss the ethical dilemmas faced by the officer in balancing economic development, environmental sustainability, and tribal rights. (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[34,"8 (a) Identify and analyze the ethical issues involved in the case.\n(b) Discuss the possible courses of action available to Akshay. What would be the most ethical and appropriate course of action in this situation? Justify your response. (Answer in 250 words)\na) Identify and analyze the ethical issues involved in the case.\nb) Discuss the possible courses of action available to Akshay. What would be the most ethical and appropriate course of action in this situation? Justify your response. (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[39,"(a) भ्रामक सूचना संबंधी संकट से निपटने में इशिता द्वारा सामना की जाने वाली नैतिक दुविधाओं की पहचान कीजिए।\n(b) अभिव्यक्ति की स्वतंत्रता, सार्वजनिक व्यवस्था और सरकारी निर्देशों के बीच संतुलन बनाने में इशिता द्वारा क्या कार्रवाई की जानी चाहिए? अपने उत्तर को औचित्य सिद्ध कीजिए।\n(c) प्राकृतिक आपदाओं के दौरान भ्रामक सूचना को रोकने के लिए क्या कदम उठाए जा सकते हैं? (उत्तर 250 शब्दों में दीजिए)","","250 शब्दों में"],[40,"(a) Identify the ethical dilemmas faced by Ishita in handling the misinformation crisis.\n(b) What should be Ishita's course of action in balancing freedom of speech, public order, and government directives? Justify your response.\n(c) What steps can be taken to prevent misinformation during natural disasters? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[44,"10. As a Quality Control Officer at the India unit of a multinational corporation (MNC), you face a serious ethical issue—products sold in India are of inferior quality compared to those in developed countries, potentially compromising consumer safety.\n(a) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\n(b) What are the options available to the Quality Control Officer to address this issue?\n(c) What responsibilities do corporations have towards consumers in different markets?","","Answer in 250"],[49,"1 You are the District Magistrate of a district renowned as the hub for coaching centres specializing in engineering and medical entrance exams. Recently, the district has witnessed a tragic rise in student suicides, with five students in the age group of 15-18 years taking their own lives. These students, who came from various parts of the country, sought admission to prestigious institutions like IITs and AIIMS but were subjected to immense academic and social pressure. The coaching centres, which are largely managed by influential political figures from the ruling party, are reported to have prioritized rankings and revenue generation over the well-being of students. The institutes are said to categorize students into high-performing and low-performing batches, creating additional stress. Many of these students, living in paying guest accommodations or hostels, face isolation, emotional strain, and mental health challenges. Moreover, investigations have uncovered the emergence of a black market for performance-enhancing drugs among students who, under extreme pressure, resort to unethical means to improve their academic standing.\n(a) Highlight the stakeholders involved and discuss the associated ethical issues in the given case.\n(b) Given the situation, what will be your course of action as the District Magistrate?\n(c) Discussing the various reasons for the increasing number of suicides among students, suggest long-term measures to address this issue. (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[54,"12 (a) Identify the key stakeholders involved in the case and analyze their respective interests.\n(b) Discuss the ethical dilemmas faced by Priya in balancing urban development, heritage conservation, and the rights of local communities. (Answer in 250 words)","","250"]]},{"i":828,"t":"Suyash Dwivedi","c":"Vision","p":"GS3","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/42993-269847_1511_suyash_dwivedi_rank_94.pdf","q":[[3,"1. Despite a vast coast line and a number of waterways, why has India not been able to achieve its potential in bringing a significant modal shift from rail and road to waterways?","10","150"],[5,"2. The move to establish a National Bank for Financing Infrastructure and Development, to reverse the drag on India's growth potential will have its own set of challenges. Discuss.","10","150"],[7,"3. Highlighting the issues related to the current fertilizer subsidy regime in India, discuss the need for reforms in this context.","10","150"],[9,"4. Identifying the need for a climate resilient agriculture in India, discuss how it can be achieved.","10","150"],[11,"5. Mega Food Parks (MFPs) were considered to be a game changer for the food processing sector in India, but their progress remains stunted. Discuss.","10","150"],[13,"6. Give an account of the challenges associated with rapidly increasing biomedical waste in India. Also, state the key features of the Bio-medical Waste Management (Amendment) Rules, 2018.","10","150"],[15,"7. What do you understand by impact based forecasting in disaster management? How can such forecasting strengthen the disaster management preparedness?","10","150"],[17,"8. Low Earth Orbit is becoming increasingly crowded as countries race to launch satellites into space. Highlighting the associated issues, discuss international efforts taken in this regard.","10","150"],[19,"9. Enumerating the existing measures to counter bio-terrorism in India, highlight the need for a bio-terrorism law.","10","150"],[21,"10. Discuss the potential of \"Integrated Law Enforcement Centres\" and \"Smart Walls\" on India's border areas to address the prevailing security challenges.","10","150"],[23,"11. Farm loan waivers are neither adequate nor recommended for promoting sustained agricultural growth. Analyse.","15","250"],[26,"12. A number of initiatives in recent years have focussed on the MSME sector. Why is there a need to focus on this sector? Also, identify the measures taken by the government and further scope of action.","15","250"],[28,"5. Mandatory procurement of about 20% by Central agencies and PSUs from MSME what can further be done","",""],[29,"13. Skilling the Indian population faces a 3E challenge - Education, Employment and Employability. Discuss. Also suggest interventions required to effectively manage this challenge.","15","250"],[32,"14. Despite its importance, agricultural marketing faces various institutional and infrastructural related issues in India. Elaborate. Also, enlist the measures that have been taken in this context.","15","250"],[35,"15. Marine litter is not just an environmental issue but poses a socio-economic challenge as well. Discuss. Also, enumerate the initiatives taken by the global community to reduce marine litter.","15","250"],[38,"16. Assess India's vulnerability to flash floods and suggest measures for better resilience to flash floods. In this context, also briefly highlight the significance of recently launched Flash Flood Guidance System (FFGS) operated by the Indian Meteorological Department (IMD).","15","250"],[41,"17. Hydrogen based energy production can play a key role in a clean, secure and affordable energy future. In this context, identify the potential and opportunities for utilising hydrogen based technologies. What are the challenges that need to be addressed to fulfill the potential?","15","250"],[44,"18. Despite the huge promise of satellite-based internet connectivity, it hasn't gained traction on a significant commercial scale, especially in India. Discuss.","15","250"],[47,"19. India's attempts at strengthening its intelligence infrastructure and capabilities have historically been reactive and incremental, rather than holistic and sustainable. Discuss. Also, provide a concrete framework in transforming the country's intelligence capabilities.","15","250"],[50,"20. In light of the prominent instances of drone attacks by both state and non state actors, assess the challenges and capabilities of India in dealing with such security threats.","15","250"]]},{"i":829,"t":"Thakur Anjali Ajay","c":"Nextias","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":43,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/ee21bf4c91767f03906ea17bc7230b10/133/air-43-thakur-anjali-ajay_test-2_gs2.pdf","q":[[5,"Q1 There is a need to resolve the ambiguity in the disqualification provisions under section 8 of the Representation of People Act 1951. Discuss.","10","150"],[6,"What are the ambiguities?","",""],[7,"Q.2 Constitution is a mere skeleton whereas constitutionalism is the soul of democracy. Discuss.","10","150"],[9,"\"Electoral bonds are a double-edged sword, providing anonymity to donors while raising concerns about transparency in political funding.\" To what extent have electoral bonds further legitimized opacity in electoral funding?","10","Answer in 150"],[11,"2.4 The question of gender equality is central to the debate on Uniform Civil Code. In this light what are the challenges in reconciling UCC with gender equality as enshrined in the constitution?","10","150"],[13,"'The Governor's office is neither decorative nor inconsequential, it assumes a constitutional role of profound essence' To what extent does the Governor, actively contribute to the governance of a state and reinforce the principles of federalism in the country?","10","Answer in 150"],[15,"6 Recently demand has been rising in a state regarding the enactment of Social Accountability Law. How such a law can lead to good governance and boost citizens' participation in decision-making. Comment.","10","150"],[17,"7 There is a need for convergence of 'nutrition-specific' and 'nutrition-sensitive' interventions to effectively tackle child undernutrition in India. Examine","10","150"],[19,"\"MGNREGA, the lynchpin of rural poverty alleviation, has become the victim of fiscal apathy.\" Critically analyze the statement in light of recent developments.","10","150"],[21,"\"India must leverage, if not manage, the global divides\". How can the current geopolitical churn pave the way for India's rise to the global high table?","10","Answer in 150"],[23,"10 \"Berlin can be India's gateway to the European Union.\" Elaborate with respect to Germany's significance in India's relationship with the EU.","10","150"],[25,"2.11 How has the Anti-Defection Law impacted the relationship between political parties and individual legislators in India? In light of the recent incidents also discuss the unintended consequences it has on the functioning of democracy in India.","15","250"],[28,"Q.12 Critics assert that limitless judicial authority rests on the structural ambiguity of the basic structure doctrine. Has the elastic nature of the basic structure doctrine made the judiciary more powerful than the executive?","15","250"],[31,"Q13 Fundamental rights are not gifts bestowed upon by the state rather an individual possesses them independently of the state. In this context discuss the desirability of reasonable restrictions on various fundamental rights.","15","250"],[34,"Q.14 'S.R. Bommai v. Union of India signified a paradigm shift in the judicial interpretation of the union's authority to assume control of a state's administration.' In this context discuss the significance and impact of the judgement on cementing the federal structure.","15","Answer in 250"],[37,"15 The key to effective decentralization is, 'political decentralization should follow finance and functional decentralization'. Discuss in the context of impediments faced by local governance in India.","15","250"],[40,"Q.16 Multi-stakeholder partnerships are the key to leveraging collective expertise and networks. How can effective partnership and localized implementation efforts be fostered to accelerate the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in India?","15","250"],[43,"Q.17 How has the implementation of the POSH Act resulted in limited success in raising awareness about sexual harassment, and what factors have hindered its effective outreach to women employed in the unorganized sector? Propose strategies to bridge this gap and ensure comprehensive protection for women in the unorganized sector against workplace harassment.","15","Answer in 250"],[46,"Q.18 'Neo-liberal reforms and globalization have deeply transformed the institutions of the welfare state and set the ground for a new type of civil services.' In this context examine the challenges faced in service delivery and suggest adequate reforms.","15","250"],[49,"19 China views India as its \"Asian Rival\" with an innate ability to counter its hegemonistic goals in Asia. Despite these difficulties in India-China relations, there are also many areas of convergence. Discuss.","15","250"],[52,"Q.20 Indo-Pacific region in recent times has emerged as a zone of diverging interests and priorities. Discuss. Do you think the Global Security Initiative will supersede QUAD in the region?","15","250"],[54,"1) Will it supersede QUAD?","",""]]},{"i":831,"t":"Tharun Teja","c":"Forumias","p":"Essay","y":2025,"r":123,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/ATLA-THARUN-TEJA-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-123-Sample-ESSAY-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"1. Before the borders are broken the minds are invaded.\n2. Talent and passion are only useful tools if one has the work ethic to back them up.\n3. The opportunity of interfaith dialogue: modern solution for globalised world.\n4. The only impossible journey is the one you never begin.","",""],[11,"So, what should be done to avoid invasion of minds and promote strong borders?","",""],[31,"When must you seek mentorship?","",""]]},{"i":832,"t":"Tharun Teja","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2025,"r":123,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/ATLA-THARUN-TEJA-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-123-Sample-MGP-Copy-2.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) Discuss the role of the 'Fourth Estate' in upholding democratic values and analyse the issues affecting press freedom in India.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) The electoral process, though inclusionary in theory, has been pointed out for exclusionary tendencies in practice. Analyse, with special emphasis on role of women in India's representative electoral system.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) Human dignity, stemming from right to life, does not end with death penalty. In this context, throw light on various controversies surrounding capital punishment in the country.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4 Assess the effectiveness of Inter-State River Water Disputes Act, 1956 in resolution of river-water disputes. Also describe the potential impact of delays in resolution of water disputes.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5 Discuss the significance of the cooperative model of development in addressing the issues of rural growth.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) In order to pass the ultimate test of good governance, welfare state should be close to the people, responsive to their aspirations, and inclusive in its approach. Discuss with special reference to PM PVTG Development Mission.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7 To what extent collaboration between the state and civil society organizations (CSOs) help in addressing poverty and malnutrition in the country?","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) Absence of a robust social infrastructure in the country may become one of the most significant challenges in achieving a developed status by 2047. Discuss.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9 Though the changing paradigm towards dialogue and diplomacy in West Asia augurs well for India's interests in this otherwise restive region, presence of inimical actors may reverse the gains. Explain.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10 Water diplomacy can redefine the contours of regional cooperation in South Asia. Discuss with special reference to Indus water treaty 1960.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11) Despite constitutional backing to the institutions of local governance, the idea of decentralisation has remained hostage to several structural bottlenecks. Elucidate.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12 Independent judiciary, as envisaged by the constitution, provides the bedrock for a thriving polity; however, executive encroachment may erode its credibility and affect its efficacy. Evaluate.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 Executive agencies, working as the watchdog against impropriety, are vital to act against the corrupt; however, pandering to vested interests may have the effect of turning the idea of rule of law on its head. Comment, with special reference to controversies associated with the Enforcement Directorate (ED).","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 Critically analyse the role of National Commission for Women (NCW) in wake of its mandate to safeguard women's rights and uphold their socio-economic wellbeing.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15) Understanding the extent, source, and complexity of deprivations among the multidimensionally poor contributes to more informed policymaking. In this context, analyze the latest National Multidimensional Poverty Index Report by NITI Aayog.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16 Though lifeblood of a representative democracy, political parties are beset with challenges of their own, limiting their larger role in democratization of the society.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 Safely managed drinking water services, as desired by Jal Jeevan Mission, are designated to give multifarious benefits cutting across generations. Discuss. Also, elaborate upon the challenges in ensuring the mission's success.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 Legislation like Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe (Prevention of Atrocities) Act 1989 remains mere legal documents without intense sensitization of public functionaries and the civil society. Discuss.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 Harbinger of global rebalancing, India-Africa ties are a beacon of inclusive, sustainable, and equitable world. Explain.","15","250"],[49,"4) Visa issues for African nationals to India","",""],[50,"Q.20 How do ASEAN centrality, rules-based order, and development partnership with Pacific Island states make Indo-Pacific a theatre of opportunity for India? What are the hurdles in realisation of an inclusive Indo-Pacific construct?","15","250"],[54,"When must you seek mentorship?","",""]]},{"i":830,"t":"Tharun Teja","c":"Forumias","p":"GS3","y":2025,"r":123,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/ATLA-THARUN-TEJA-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-123-Sample-AWFG-Copy-4.pdf","q":[[5,"Q.2) Recent urban floods of Shirla (2023) twice in one season show the impact of anthropogenic activities\n1) Erratic monsoons due to meteorological phenomena (El-Nino, Biparjoy cyclone)\n2) Melting of glaciers => GLOFs\n1) Climate change causing natural factors (1-1.2°C due to GHG emissions)\n2) Encroachment of lakes, wetlands => Urban flooding\n3) Dams, Reservoirs affecting natural flow => Sudden flood of water if water level rises\n4) Illegal sand mining (legalised in Goa)","",""]]},{"i":833,"t":"Tharun Teja","c":"Forumias","p":"GS3","y":2025,"r":123,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/ATLA-THARUN-TEJA-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-123-Sample-MGP-Copy-3.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) Foreign trade is an important milestone on the path of becoming a 5 trillion USD economy. In this context, analyse the potential of the recently released Foreign Trade Policy, 2023 in revamping India's participation in global trade.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Social protection schemes are an integral aspect of a welfare economy; however, the principles of fiscal prudence cannot be ignored. Discuss, with special reference to Old Pension Scheme (OPS).","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) What do you understand from Agristack? To what extent can it become a panacea for the problems plaguing the farm sector.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4 The objective of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) to provide a long term and equitable solution to the dilemma between free trade and food security has remained unfulfilled. Comment.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5 Even after five decades of the Stockholm conference, narrowing the gaps between the targets and actions remains one of the biggest challenges towards reversing climate change. Discuss. Also, recommend measures for building a coherent actionable strategy to tackle climate change.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) What are the impediments in management of E-waste in the country? In what ways can the trinity of citizens, businesses, and the government tackle this menace?","10","150"],[15,"Q.7 How does nuclear fusion differ from nuclear fission? Assess the relevance of nuclear energy in resolving the global energy security dilemma?","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) What are run of the river hydroelectric projects? How far can run of the river hydroelectric projects balance ecological conservation with socio-economic development?","10","150"],[19,"Q.9 A robust border infrastructure is the surest way to counter multifarious threats emanating from inimical actors. Discuss, in light of Vibrant Village Programme.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10) How far can a clearly articulated National Security Strategy help in tackling challenges to national security?","10","150"],[23,"Q.11) What are the factors that influence the inflation trends in the country? Highlighting the impacts, discuss the institutional measures in place to check inflation.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12 Though a cornerstone of Atmanirbhar Bharat, Production Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme is not without its own challenges. Comment.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13) How is internationalisation of rupee different from De-Dollarisation? Highlighting the benefits of internationalisation of rupee, discuss the challenges associated with the same.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 What are Primary Agricultural Credit Societies? Can the cooperative push alone help in achieving the twin targets of boosting rural economy and mainstreaming small and marginal farmers?","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 Farm policies in the country have inadvertently led to undesirable consequences. Do you agree? Giving emphasis on PM PRANAM, discuss ways to enhance soil health and farm productivity.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16 What do you understand by heat waves? Highlight the reasons and impact of the rising frequency of heat waves across India. Also, recommend some measures to mitigate its impact.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 How is Chandrayaan-3 different from its predecessor, Chandrayaan-2? To what extent can India's presence in Artemis Accords help in furthering the exploration of lunar surface?","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 Research and Development is the key to unlock the potential of 'knowledge economy.' In this perspective, analyse the role of the National Research Foundation Bill, 2023 in democratizing the research ecosystem in India.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 What do you understand by the term 'Hybrid warfare.' Highlighting its implications for India, recommend measures to develop a comprehensive ecosystem to counter the same.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 How are internal security challenges related to peace in neighboring countries? Explain with special reference to instability on India's eastern frontier.","15","250"]]},{"i":1047,"t":"Tina Dabi","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1f6-ekqXtyqxaKoRqbc3XdGVwMtU1I0Qr/view","q":[[3,"1. (a) \"If instead of insisting on rights everyone does his duty, there will immediately be the rule of order established among mankind.\" - Mahatma Gandhi. Bring out what this statement means to you in the present context.","10","150"],[5,"1. (b) Should circumstances be the sole criterion for judging the morality of human action or the nature of the action and its purpose must also be considered? Justify your stand with examples.","10","150"],[7,"2. (a) A person cannot do right in civil service whilst attempting to do wrong in personal life. In context of this statement, examine the relationship between personal and professional ethics. Do civil servants have to be ethical in personal life in order to be professionally ethical? Illustrate.","10","150"],[9,"2. (b) What is the importance of whistle-blowing in public and private institutions? What role does individual conscience play in the act of whistle-blowing? (150 words)","10","150"],[11,"3. (a) 'Objectivity' and 'neutrality' are among the core civil service values. Discuss with examples. (150 words)","10","150"],[13,"3. (b) The legal framework in modern society has both anomalous and complementary relationship with its ethical framework. Discuss with examples.","10","150"],[15,"4. (a) There seems to be a fundamental contradiction between effectiveness and accountability. Comment. Why is accountability a necessary evil for good governance? Discuss.","10","150"],[17,"4. (b) \"One of the penalties for refusing to participate in politics is that you end up being governed by your inferiors\". Explain. Suggest some measures that can be taken to increase political participation in our country.","10","150"],[19,"5. (a) The erosion of civic values from our public life has become a pervasive phenomenon. Discuss the role of value education in tackling this issue in the Indian context.","10","150"],[21,"5. (b) It is often said that home is the first school and parents are the first teachers. Explain the role of family in inculcating moral values. Analyze how the changing nature of family has affected this role in the context of India.","10","150"],[23,"6. \"A world without nuclear weapons would be less stable and more dangerous for all of us.\" Critically examine the ethical dimensions of the given statement from the perspective of international relations.","10","150"],[25,"7. The increasing speed and scope of globalization has raised several ethical concerns. Analyze with examples.","10","150"],[27,"8. What do you understand by aptitude? What kind of aptitude is considered important for civil services? What measures have you taken to make yourself fit for being a civil servant? (150 words)","10","150"],[29,"9. You are a young civil servant posted in a tribal dominated district, which is notorious for illegal mining done by mafia. They exercise their power over poor tribals of the region by bribing the local tribal musclemen who have political aspirations. The consequent easy money and luxury have ensured that these musclemen work in the interest of these mafia. They use these 'tribal' musclemen as a 'front' to plant 'constructed' news in the media to create confusion or to gain sympathy of the civil society activists and the public at large. It is a strategy to thwart any concrete action of the government for eliminating the menace of illegal activities in that area. You quickly understood these designs after assuming the office. You came to know that some employees in your own office are in nexus with the mafia. When you initiated stringent action against the mafia they turned hostile. They prompted few tribal musclemen to file a fake FIR against you under the stringent provisions of the 'Prevention of Atrocities Against SC and ST Act'. They also convinced the unsuspecting poor tribals that the state was 'again' launching atrocities against them. These poor tribals were eventually tutored to write a complaint to the National and State Commission for ST, a copy of which was leaked to the media. This could easily become a very hot issue for the opposition parties in the state as the Assembly Elections were due only six months later. Unfortunately all this can have grave consequences for your career.\n(a) Bring out and discuss the ethical issues involved in the above case.\n(b) What steps will you take in pursuance of the most appropriate closure of this case? (250 words)","","250"],[30,"(a) उपयुक्त मामले से जुड़े नैतिकता संबंधी मुद्दे पर प्रकाश डालें और चर्चा करें।\n(b) इस प्रकरण की सर्वाधिक उपयुक्त ढंग से समाप्ति हेतु आप कौन से कदम उठाएंगे?\na) उपयुक्त मामले से जुड़े नैतिकता संबंधी मुद्दे पर प्रकाश डालें और चर्चा करें।\nb) इस प्रकरण की सर्वाधिक उपयुक्त ढंग से समाप्ति हेतु आप कौन से कदम उठाएंगे?","","250 शब्द"],[34,"10. In the face of acute famine in the district, you, as an area officer, have instructed your subordinates to procure food grains from the FCI godowns located in the adjoining districts. This would make the food grains available to the public through PDS shops. Considering the gravity of the situation, this task has to be done immediately, because majority of the people in the district are poor, and therefore can't buy the food at the market prices. However, you were told that all the truck operators have formed a cartel and are asking for three times the usual transportation rate, in order to exploit the situation. This would nullify your effort, as the prices of the food grains would increase due to high transportation charges.\n(a) Following are some suggested options. Please evaluate the merits and demerits of each of the options:\n1. Threaten the truck owners of severe consequences if they do not fall in line and cancel their transportation permits.\n2. Transport the food grains by Railways, though it may take a week.\n3. Agree to pay the truck owners the transportation charges they are demanding, so as to ensure the availability of food grains, but searching for alternative and affordable transportation. However, take legal actions against the truck owners at a later time.\n4. Asking the state government for sending some help.\n(b) Also indicate (without necessarily restricting to the above options) the course of action you would like to follow, giving proper reasons for the same.","20","250"],[39,"11. 'Honour killing' has been in news in recent times. It involves the homicide of a member of a family by other members, due to the perpetrators' belief that the victim has brought shame or dishonour upon the family. Analyse this problem in detail and indicate not only the social but also the emotional and attitudinal factors responsible for this problem? Also, distinctly bring out why:\n(a) The youth in such areas do not speak up against these practices.\n(b) The conviction rate in 'honour killing' cases is extremely low.\n(c) Women, who have to face the brunt of this crime the most, do not speak against it collectively.\nDiscuss some feasible steps, which could be effective in controlling this serious problem.","20","250"],[44,"12. You are posted as a District Magistrate in a communal violence prone area, where incidents of communal clashes are often visible. Recently, trailer of a movie was released by a Film Director whose is known to make movies on religious issues. After the release of the trailer, there was anger among a minority community, who claim that their religious sentiments had been hurt in the movie and thus demanded a ban on the movie. However, the government did not pay heed to any such demands and the movie is slated to be released the next week across the entire country. You had also watched the trailer and felt that it was derogatory to that minority community. Also, being in-charge of the communally sensitive district, you are concerned about the law and order scenario on the day the movie releases. Some of the options to deal with the issue are mentioned below. Evaluate these options and suggest the best course of action, giving your reasons for it.\n(a) Do not allow the release of movie in your district as you feel that it hurts the religious sentiments.\n(b) Make sure that the movie is released in your district on the given day by taking steps, like arranging for more police and paramilitary forces to deal with anticipated public order scenario etc.\n(c) Allowing release of the movie, but imposing curfew in the region so that people are devoid of watching the movie.","20","250"],[49,"13. Arvind has recently started working as a cyber security analyst at a government intelligence organisation. During the course of his work, he stumbles upon documents, which reveal that the government is spying on leaders of opposition parties with alleged Maoist links. He discusses this matter with his superior officer who tells him that though the spying was illegal, it was essential for national security. He also tells Arvind that sanction for the spying came from the highest echelons of the government. He further warns Arvind not to divulge facts of the case to anyone else in the organisation and especially no one on the outside as it may lead to his dismissal from the organisation or even his arrest for treason. However, Arvind being an honest person finds himself in a deep conflict. He feels that the spying, apart from being illegal, could also be misused by the government for setting political scores with its opponents. The following are some options that Arvind has. Evaluate the merits and demerits of each of these:\n1. Do nothing as he does not want to risk losing his job or end up in jail for treason.\n2. Talk to the head of the organisation to get his opinion on the matter and then do as he says.\n3. Send an anonymous letter to the press leaking the details of the case.\n4. Go to the press directly with the details of the case.\nAlso indicate (without necessarily restricting to the above options) what you would like to advise, giving proper reasons.","20","250"],[50,"1. उचित कारण बताते हुए (उपयुक्त विकल्पों तक सीमित रहे बिना) इस बात का संकेत दें कि आपका सुझाव क्या होगा? (250 शब्द)","","250 शब्द"],[54,"14. You are a Head of Department in a premier University. Recently a clerical staff in your department was terminated from the job as he was found under the influence of alcohol during office hours. In the previous month there were a lot of complaints regarding his poor quality of work, tardiness and some incoherent behavior. Later you came to know that this change in behavior was concurrent with the death of his wife after a prolonged illness. It has also made him debt ridden. This may be further compounded by the fact that he has a daughter to marry off soon and a differently abled son to take care of. He desperately needs a job. He has applied for a position at a private University and has already given your name as a reference. He pleads you to give him a good recommendation and not mention his drinking, which he assures you is now under control. He also asks you to mention that he voluntarily left the University to address a family medical crisis and that the University was pleased with his work. You like this person and believe that he is a good worker when he is not drinking. But you doubt whether he has really overcome his drinking problem.\n Valid arguments can be advanced, both, for rejecting his plea with the consequence that his condition may become even worse and for accepting his plea with a noble intention, but keeping the third party in dark. What could those arguments be? Could there be any better way to get out of this dilemma? If so, outline the main elements of this third way, pointing out its merits.","20","250"]]},{"i":1048,"t":"Tina Dabi","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1328AxhEyeMDDh-yCl_Azjq4jaRLzFaGJ/view","q":[[3,"1. (a) Even though women may have equal skills, qualifications and commitment as men, they face much more difficulty in rising up the leadership hierarchy. Discuss the reasons for the same. Also, explain the importance of having gender parity in positions of leadership.","10","not more than 150"],[5,"1. (b) All correct decisions are honest and all incorrect decisions are dishonest. Do you agree? How should the correctness and incorrectness of a decision be decided?","10",""],[7,"2. (a) Should birth control be a voluntary exercise or a government policy in a country? In this regard, examine the ethical dimensions of having a One Child Policy in India.","10",""],[9,"2. (b) An organisation consists of a variety of individuals with varying values and degrees of motivation. What challenges do leaders face when forging a harmonious work culture in such an organisation? How can leaders engender a sense of inclusion in face of such diversity?","10",""],[11,"3. (a) Notwithstanding compassion and morality, it is national interest that ultimately determines a country's decisions in international relations. Discuss this statement in the context of the current refugee crisis.","10",""],[13,"3. (b) What are the ethical issues involved in climate change negotiations? Suggest some strategies to address the divergence in ethical positions of different nations.","10",""],[15,"4. (a) Why is there a need for Performance Management System in an outcome oriented government? Evaluate the feasibility of peer review in context of Indian civil services.","10",""],[17,"4. (b) Discretionary power in the hands of public servants is a necessary evil. Discuss.","10",""],[19,"5. (a) The landmark judgment by the Supreme Court of India recognized the transgender as a third sex. What attitudes do you notice towards the transgender people in India? Discuss some steps to facilitate a dignified life for the transgender people.","10",""],[21,"5. (b) What key characteristics of a person conveying a message make it more persuasive? When celebrities endorse a product, they do so knowing that their endorsement will persuade people to buy it. What duty do they have towards the consumers?","10",""],[23,"6. It is said that child labor cannot be ethical at all. Do you agree? Discuss with respect to the proposed amendments to the Child Labour Act.","10",""],[25,"7. Are emotions an inhibiting factor in effective decision-making? Discuss in the context of public services.","10",""],[27,"8. What do you understand by the Sarvodaya philosophy of Gandhiji? Why is Sarvodaya relevant for civil servants in India?","10",""],[29,"9. You are the leader of a 5 member team that has been assigned to carry out social impact assessment of a project proposed in a Naxal area. Members have been allotted a remote village each to conduct surveys and ascertain views of local people. You are under strict instructions not to disclose the identity of respondents outside the project. While compiling data, you are puzzled by the responses from one of the villages. You accompany the point-person for that village next day for verification. You randomly pick a person from the list of respondents and ask her for clarification of the response she had given earlier. She seems confused and denies any knowledge of the survey being conducted, let alone she being questioned. You try to verify this from other respondents and get similar replies. This raises serious doubts about the integrity and credibility of the survey process.\n(a) What are the ethical issues involved in the situation?\n(b) As a team leader accountable for credibility of the survey and working on a hard timeline, what are the possible options before you? List their merits and demerits.\n(c) Giving reasons, state the course of action you would follow.","20","in around 250"],[34,"10. Gajendra, once a struggling film actor, was accused and later exonerated of rape charges, which the jury found out to be motivated and fake. Not able to cope up with the situation, he changed profession and moved on. Thirty years later, while his closest friends know about the incident but his co-workers do not. One day, out of curiosity, he searches for his name on the internet, and to his surprise, finds that the third entry that comes up is an old report in a local newspaper about the rape charges he faced. Gajendra is upset; after all these years, he would like to be able to disclose the event only to whomever he wants. He has heard about the decision of European Court of Justice which allows individuals to submit requests to a search engine to remove certain results from searches on their names, and citing the same, requests the search engine and media outlet to remove the results.\n Valid arguments can be advanced for making the Right to be Forgotten a fundamental right? What those arguments could be? What limitations, if any, can it be subjected to? Should there be any obligations on the search engines regarding cases which are no longer relevant, as the one mentioned above?","",""],[39,"11. You are the officer in charge of overseeing refugees' related issues in a multilateral humanitarian organisation. There is an ethnicity based civil war going on in a region and as a result, many people are being displaced. Hitherto, the economically better-off neighbouring countries have accommodated the streams of migrants with financial support from your organisation. The violence in the region has increased recently and the flux of people seeking refuge has grown substantially. With countries sealing their borders, the refugees are left in a vulnerable situation. You are sent to negotiate for humanitarian settlement of refugees with the neighbouring countries, who also happen to be a powerful economic bloc. However, they refuse any more accommodation on the following grounds:\n(a) Drainage of resources in face of subdued economic conditions.\n(b) Domestic political repercussions.\n(c) Rehabilitation will encourage more influx and indirectly fuel the persecutors.\n(d) Permanency of settlement in face of better prospects than at home.\n What are the counter-arguments that can be cited to convince the countries for an immediate solution? Suggest some long term measures as well that should be followed to address the problem.","20",""],[44,"12. You are a Divisional Forest Officer (DFO) in an urban district. The forest cover in the district is as low as 11% and it needs to be increased as per government guidelines. By ecological and environmental perspective also it is imperative that more trees should be planted. However, you find out that while there is a grant of Rs. 1.5 crore for your division to plant trees under the Hariyali Scheme, most of this fund is lying unused. Since, it is December and as per government rules all the unused grant should be returned to the government as the financial year closes, it seems you will have to return the money completely. Also, there are strong indications from the ministry that government is mulling over a budgetary cut on Hariyali mission because most of the funds go unused. There is a strong possibility that if you return the money in this financial year you won't get it in the next financial year and even if you get, it will be a very insignificant amount. Indicate various options that you think are available in this situation. Evaluate these options and choose the most appropriate path to be adopted?","20",""],[49,"13. You, an anthropologist, have developed cordial relations with a tribal community which was hitherto isolated from rest of the humanity. Notwithstanding increased interest of researchers and media for the newly discovered tribe, you are the only person from outside whom they trust. They are ardent believers in their goddess and, trusting you, take you to her abode on a holy mountain. To your surprise, you find that the mountain is a reservoir of Uranium that can be used in your power-starved country's nuclear power plants. Besides, you are aware that Uranium being radioactive, it is highly risky to go near the mountain. You try to convince the people about harmful effects it can have and the utilitarian value that it possess for the country. However, they are in no mood to argue and politely ask you to leave. You fear that very soon the outside world will find about this and the vulnerable tribe would be displaced from their land.\n(a) Evaluate the following courses of action which you can take for their ethical merits and demerits:\ni. You would continue to convince the people yourself about the possible consequences and urge them to relocate.\nii. You would call in local and national NGOs for protecting the rights of the people against the State and file a PIL in Supreme Court if the State proceeds with dispossession.\niii. You would yourself tell the government and the scientific community about the reserves and let them proceed in their own way.\n(b) Without restricting yourself to the above options, state the course of action that you would take and why?","","20"],[54,"14. A junior member of staff has just returned to work after taking special leave to care for her elderly mother. For financial reasons she needs to work full-time. She has been having difficulties with her mother's home care arrangements, causing her to miss a number of team meetings (which usually take place at the beginning of each day) and to leave work early. She is very competent in her work but her absences are putting pressure on her and her overworked colleagues. You are her manager, and you are aware that the flow of work through the practice is coming under pressure. One of her male colleagues is beginning to make comments such as \"a woman's place is in the home\", and is undermining her at every opportunity, putting her under even greater stress. What possible steps can you take to ensure that the work of the team does not suffer while also taking other humanitarian considerations into account.","20",""]]},{"i":1049,"t":"Tina Dabi","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/19uzwD3PCtkgBWWJ_-XSLkrpzO4OR6ABn/view","q":[[3,"1. (a) In this age of information and consumerism, the image of women portrayed by mass media greatly influences our social attitude towards them. Critically evaluate.","10","not more than 150"],[5,"1. (b) What is social accountability? How can it act as a more effective mechanism than the conventional methods of extracting accountability? What steps can a civil servant take to improve the effectiveness of social accountability in India?","10",""],[7,"2. (a) Biometric attendance, punctuality and cleanliness provide only a good start towards the improvement of work culture. A lot more is required to improve the work culture of the Indian bureaucracy and make it more responsive and citizen centric. Comment.","10",""],[9,"2. (b) Of all government activities, public procurement is amongst the one most vulnerable to fraud and corruption. Explain with examples. Further, what steps would you suggest to maintain probity in public procurement.","","10"],[11,"3. (a) \"Those who say religion has nothing to do with politics do not know what religion is\". Explain. Further examine the role of religion in formation of political attitude in the Indian context.","10",""],[13,"3. (b) \"Emotion can lead to our worst decisions or our best ones: The difference is emotional intelligence.\" In light of the given statement, illustrate how emotional intelligence is critical in decision making. How can it help a civil servant in taking prudent decisions?","10",""],[15,"4. (a) \"Anyone who doesn't take truth seriously in small matters cannot be trusted in large ones either.\"- Albert Einstein. Bring out what this statement means to you in the present context.","10",""],[17,"4. (b) Recent incidents of moral policing is symptomatic of the growing intolerance in Indian society. Analyse with examples. Suggest some measures to address this issue.","10",""],[19,"5. (a) What do you understand by the term 'Conflict of Interest' in the context of public service? What are the norms prescribed for Civil Services in India to deal with this issue?","10",""],[21,"5. (b) Although most public organizations have a code of conduct for their employees, its impact has been less than satisfactory in combating the misuse of office by public servants. Explain. Provide some suggestions to make the code of conduct a more comprehensive tool in dealing with corruption in public offices.","10",""],[23,"6. Citizen charter has recently emerged as an innovative tool for reinforcing citizen centric governance. Explain the statement and analyse the various constraints faced during the implementation of the citizen charter in the Indian administrative system.","10",""],[25,"7. An efficient service delivery is the key to winning the public trust in government. What are the challenges being faced in efficient delivery of public services? Suggest some measures to improve the delivery of public services.","10",""],[27,"8. Explain the importance of diligence as a value for a civil servant. How can it be inculcated among civil servants?","10",""],[29,"9. You are posted in a district as a public servant responsible for looking into the matters of violation of Right to Education Act. You came across a case in which a poor farmer has beaten his daughter for not going to take her fifth class annual exams. Eventually, he tied her up with his motorbike and took her to the examination hall. Corporal punishment to the children by parents or teachers is a punishable offence with three month jail term. When you enquired about it the poor farmer explained that he had done so for ensuring a better future for her daughter as he does not want his children to live in poverty in which he is living. He also says that his economic condition is poor and if he is taken to jail his children will face severe hardships.\n(a) What are the options available to you?\n(b) Evaluate each of these options and choose the option which you would adopt, giving reasons.","","around 250"],[34,"10. You retired as a finance manager from a Public Sector Undertaking (PSU). After retirement you are offered a job in a private company as its finance head and you have accepted it. The company has a procurement contract with the PSU which you worked for. Now that contract is up for renewal through competitive bidding. You have been asked to lead the team responsible for bidding of this contract. While working in the PSU, you had an opportunity to work on areas relating to financial accounting, procurement, contracts and bids. You are concerned that you might breach the confidentiality if you accept the assignment in the present company. You also suspect that your knowledge and experience of working in the PSU were seen as good reasons for appointing you to the position in the present company. The loss of such a major contract would have a significant effect on the financial performance of Company. Evaluate the merits and demerits of each of the options given below and finally suggest what course of action you would like to take, providing adequate reasons.\ni. Do not accept the assignment as it will lead to breach of confidentiality.\nii. Do not lead the team but guide them from outside.\niii. Accept to lead the team and use your expertise in bidding for the contract.","",""],[35,"iv. Suggest any other possible option(s). Evaluate all of them and suggest the best course of action, giving your reasons for it.","20",""],[39,"11. You are the district officer responsible for implementing the government schemes in the district. One of the schemes is to provide financial assistance to poor students completing their Class XII so that they can join college comfortably. But, due to unexpectedly good results there arises a shortage of funds for the scheme. However, the funds are available in another scheme of housing which are unutilized, but need approval from senior officials and may take more than a month and by that time the admissions will be over.\n1. Send the request for funds diversion and pursue the case with the senior officials to get it done quickly.\n2. Promise to deliver the rewards next month as you cannot do anything now.\n3. Prepare some fictitious names that need a house & transfer the funds from housing scheme to this scheme considering the urgency of case and future of children.\n4. Suggest any other possible option(s). Evaluate all of them and suggest the best course of action, giving your reasons for it.","20",""],[43,"12. A District Magistrate, posted in a district affected by left wing extremism, was abducted by the extremists while he was on a routine inspection tour to assess the progress of the development work in one of the villages. After abduction, extremists demanded the release of two of their leaders who are accused of involvement in the violent attack on the police convoy few months back. After few days of continued negotiations, the centre and state governments agreed to accept the demands of extremists in return for release of the District Magistrate. During the time when District Magistrate was held captive, he was treated well by the extremists and many extremists and even locals came to visit him in order to point out the problems in the service delivery, excesses of the police and paramilitary forces in a very convincing manner. After being released, the District Magistrate comes to you to seek advice on how to deal with the issues, which arose out of his abduction. Some of the suggestions are as follows:\n1. The District Magistrate should file a criminal case against the extremists for his abduction and help the security forces in whatever way he can to catch the culprits and also request for a transfer.\n2. The District Magistrate should take up a review of status of developmental work in that region while leading the audit himself; but at the same time work on new innovative strategies so that locals can be made free from the control of extremists, treating the incidence as a wakeup call.","",""],[44,"3. The District Magistrate should inform about his experience to higher authorities and take the moral responsibility by tendering his resignation as he has not only failed to streamline the public service delivery in the district but also because of him two extremists are free.\n Suggest any other possible option(s). Evaluate all of them and suggest the best course of action, giving your reasons for it.","20",""],[48,"13. Developing countries are often very vulnerable to exploitation by multinational corporations. They support industrialization but lack of infrastructure is a major limiting factor. Further, without suitable laws and regulations, developing nations are ill prepared for such endeavours. In their efforts to attract business, these nations often overlook the health and safety violations by the corporations doing business within their borders. Drawn by low-cost labour, new markets, and lower operation costs, corporations have little incentive to address environmental and human risks once they are entrenched. In this situation there is imminent threat of disaster.\nDiscuss some feasible strategies to balance economic development and safety and security of people at large in developing countries with special emphasis on India.","20","20"],[52,"14. You are a middle ranked MCD employee, overseeing an anti-encroachment drive in New Delhi in order to broaden a very busy road. Many illegal constructions on the road have been demolished. It was all happening without much protest but when the bulldozer reached near an illegal religious construction, some people belonging to that particular community came out and formed a human chain to stop the demolition. At the same time some people from another religious group came out insisting the immediate demolition of the site. Both groups were about to clash violently. You handled the situation quite well, by pacifying the crowd and calling in enough police force, which was prepared in advance to deal with such a situation, nonetheless, the above incident raises the following serious questions:\n(a) What kind of Psycho-emotional and attitudinal factors give birth to this religious competitiveness?\n(b) What is the use of emotional intelligence if such a situation arises? Discuss.\n(c) How can religion be used as a uniting force instead of a dividing one?","",""]]},{"i":834,"t":"Tushar Chauhan","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2025,"r":216,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/TUSHAR-CHAUHANUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-216-Sample-MGP-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) \"India's democratic roots are deeply embedded in its ancient civilizational ethos.\" Discuss in the context of India being referred to as the 'Mother of Democracy'.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Elucidate the significance of tiger and elephant figures in Indian mythology, art and architecture.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) The arrival of Lord William Bentinck marked a period of transformation in the British Indian State. Discuss.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) Explain how the American War of Independence deprived Great Britain of one empire, but it strengthened the foundations of another.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) What are Rare Earth Elements (REEs)? Discuss the multi-dimensional implications of uneven distribution of REEs in the world.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) Highlight the salient differences between the Himalayan and the Peninsular drainage Systems.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7 Describe the nature and mode of origin of the main types of rock at the earth's crust.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) The alienation of modern lifestyles from nature has contributed to the ongoing environmental crisis in India. Examine.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9 What do you understand by the term 'urbanisation of poverty'? Also, explain how urban poverty differs from rural poverty in India?","10","150"],[21,"Q.10) Globalization has redefined the idea of community and kinship in Indian society. Do you agree? Justify your answer.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11 The flourishing of various art forms during the Kushana period reflects the rich and diverse cultural landscape of the time. What insights does this provide into the socio-cultural aspects of that era?","15","250"],[26,"Q.12 Trace the events that led to the Civil Disobedience Movement. What were its outcomes?","15","250"],[29,"Q.13) Mahatma Jyotirao Phule's reformist ideas played a significant role in shaping the social foundations of the Indian freedom movement. Elaborate.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14) The interlinking of rivers offers several benefits, but also raises significant socio-economic and environmental concerns. Analyze.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 Explain the concept of rain shadow effect. How does it influence the distribution of precipitation and vegetation across mountain ranges?","15","250"],[38,"Q.16) Bring out the major features of the Indian monsoon and elaborate upon its causative factors.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17) What are the geographical factors responsible for the growth of mangrove vegetation in India? Also highlight its role in coastal ecology.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 To what extent can the rise of 'Kidfluencers' be seen as a reflection of changing family structures and parental aspirations in Indian society?","15","250"],[47,"Q.19) Women often form the backbone of grassroots movements in India, yet they remain largely invisible and excluded from the decision-making process. Examine.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 Do you agree with the view that social media is a 'double edged sword'? Discuss in the context of its impact on Indian society.","15","250"]]},{"i":836,"t":"Tushar Chauhan","c":"Forumias","p":"GS3","y":2025,"r":216,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/TUSHAR-CHAUHANUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-216-Sample-MGP-Copy-3.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1 \"Inclusive growth is both a process and an outcome, ensuring that everyone has access to the benefits of economic growth.\" Discuss in Indian context.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Green budgeting integrates environmental considerations into the fiscal framework, ensuring that government budgets contribute to sustainable development. Elucidate.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) Discuss the various challenges faced by Indian Railways. To what extent, in your opinion, can privatization help in addressing these challenges?","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) What is the significance of Industrial Corridors in India? Identifying industrial corridors, explain their main characteristics.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5 Though a critical component of India's growth engine, MSMEs grapple with multitude of challenges. Discuss. Also, suggest measures to support the growth of the MSME sector.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) A robust and thriving food processing sector can address multiple issues plaguing Indian agriculture. Elucidate.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) Discuss how nuclear technology can be leveraged in enhancing food security and agricultural sustainability.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) \"India's heavy reliance on imported edible oils, stemming from multiple factors, calls for a comprehensive approach to boost domestic production and reduce this dependency.\" Elaborate.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9) What are the reasons for the huge growth of services vis-a-vis industry in the country? Explain the significance of a strong industrial base for self-reliant India ('Atmanirbhar Bharat')?","15","250"],[21,"Q.10) Fintech's transformative capacity in fostering financial inclusion is evident but unlocking its full potential demands addressing key challenges. Discuss.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11) Despite being a progressive tax, only a small fraction of the adult population files income tax returns, and an even smaller segment pays taxes. Explore the factors that contribute to low tax compliance in India. Additionally, discuss ways to improve direct tax collection in the country.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12 The HAM model, amalgamating attributes of EPC and BOT, emerges as a pragmatic approach for advancing infrastructure development in the country. Explain.","15","250"],[27,"A Pragmatic Approach as solves EPC & BOT issues.","",""],[29,"Q.13) The economic reforms of 1991 marked a significant leap forward for India's economy, ushering in a new era of liberalization, privatization, and globalization; however, as India marches towards 'Viksit Bharat' (developed India), the need is felt for 'Reforms 2.0'. Comment.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14) Explain the significance of agricultural marketing in the country. Outlining the key challenges it faces, suggest reforms to address them.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 India's ambitions for self-reliance in defence sector are commendable, yet the pace of technological indigenization has been sluggish. In light of the statement, discuss the key challenges faced by the country in indigenizing the defence sector. Also, mention the initiatives taken by the government in this regard.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16 Effective multimodal transport is key to improving logistics efficiency, reducing transportation costs, and minimizing environmental impacts through decreased congestion and pollution. Elaborate. Also, suggest measures to ensure efficient multi-modal transport in the country.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 The rationale behind the MSP system is well acknowledged, but it requires comprehensive reforms to mitigate the unintended consequences on the market and environment. Analyse.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 Farm mechanization can drive rural prosperity and sustainable farming, but its widespread adoption is hindered by various factors. Discuss. Also, mention initiatives taken by the government to promote farm mechanization in the country.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 The transition from the green revolution to an 'evergreen revolution' is essential for sustainable agricultural growth. In this context, examine the impact of green revolution on Indian agriculture. What measures can be taken to usher in evergreen revolution?","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 The textile sector in India offers vast opportunities for growth, but the realization of its true potential is hindered by a multitude of challenges. Analyse.","15","250"],[54,"When must you seek mentorship?","",""]]},{"i":835,"t":"Tushar Chauhan","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":2025,"r":216,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/TUSHAR-CHAUHANUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-216-Sample-MGP-Copy-2.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) What constitutes journalistic ethics? Highlight the role of media, particularly mass media, in shaping ethical values in contemporary times.","10","150"],[5,"b) Young people with ethical conduct are not willing to come forward to join active politics. Suggest steps to motivate them to come forward.","10","150"],[7,"Q.2) a) What do you understand by value conflict? Give an example from your personal life where you faced a conflict between two values. How did you resolve it?","10","150"],[9,"b) Knowledge and skills are important, but they must be grounded in ethical principles for true success. In this context, discuss the importance of ethics in education and the role of educational institutions in imparting ethical values.","10","150"],[11,"Q.3 What do the following quotes mean to you:\na) “To worship my country as a God is to bring curse upon it.” Rabindranath Tagore","10","150"],[13,"b) \"Your goodness is an impediment in your way, so let your eyes be red with anger, and try to fight the injustice with a firm hand.\" Sardar Patel","10","150"],[15,"c) “Nearly all men can stand adversity, but if you want to test a man's character, give him power.” Abraham Lincoln","10","150"],[16,"Why this happens?","",""],[17,"Q.4) a) How does persuasion help achieve a desired change in attitude? What are the elements of an effective persuasive approach?","10","150"],[19,"b) While ethics in private and public relations may differ, their impact on one another is undeniable. Discuss with examples.","10","150"],[21,"Q.5) a) How can responsible and informed social media use be nurtured among children to make the internet a safer space for them?","10","150"],[23,"b) The philanthropy of influential personalities can serve as a catalyst for fostering ethical conduct and responsibility in society. Explain with the help of examples.","10","150"],[25,"Q.6) a) \"In an increasingly complex world, emotional intelligence is a vital skill for civil servants, enabling them to navigate challenges, engage with diverse communities, and drive positive change.\" Elaborate.","10","150"],[27,"b) Social values are more important than economic values. Discuss the above statement with examples in the context of inclusive growth of a nation.","10","150"],[29,"Q.7 You are a young and sincere employee who has recently joined a government office as an assistant to the director of your department. Being new to the workplace, you are eager to learn and grow in your role. Your superior, the director, is an experienced and intelligent person with extensive knowledge of various departments. You respect him not just for his professional skills but also for his willingness to guide and mentor you. You have built a good rapport with him and appreciate the chance to learn from such an accomplished individual.\nAs your relationship with your boss grows, he begins to rely on you more for work-related tasks. One day, due to ill health, he invites you to his home to help with some urgent work. When you reach his house and are about to ring the doorbell, you hear shouting from inside. Unsure of what to do, you pause for a moment but then decide to enter. Your boss greets you warmly and explains the work, but throughout, you are distracted by the sound of a woman crying in the background.\nInitially, you hesitate to ask about the situation, but your concern grows. Finally, you ask your boss about the noise, but his answer is vague and unsatisfactory. He quickly dismisses the matter. Although you finish the work, the unsettling environment leaves you feeling uneasy.\nThe next day, you discreetly inquire at the office and learn more about the situation. You discover that, despite your boss's calm and professional demeanour at work, he is abusive toward his wife at home. His wife is a simple woman, not highly educated, and suffers from regular domestic violence. This information shocks you, as it conflicts with the positive image you had of him based on your interactions at work.\nThis knowledge puts you in a difficult moral dilemma. On one hand, you respect your boss for his guidance, intelligence, and professionalism. On the other hand, you are aware of his unethical behaviour at home, which violates basic human rights and ethical principles. You struggle to reconcile the two sides of his character, finding it hard to balance your professional relationship with the awareness of his abusive actions at home.\na. Under the given conditions, what are the options available to you? Evaluate each of the options listed by you.\nb. What course of action would you adopt and why?","20","250"],[32,"3 Persuade Boss about Ethical behaviour and to stop women abuse","",""],[33,"Q.8) Gaurav is traveling with his wife and children in their car on a busy Sunday evening. The road is packed with traffic, and the vehicles are barely moving. As they inch forward, Gaurav notices a biker trying to weave through the congested road. In his attempt, the biker accidentally collides with an SUV that is illegally parked in a No Parking Zone. The impact causes the rear-view mirror of the SUV to break, injuring the biker, who starts bleeding profusely.\nHearing the loud noise, the owner of the SUV, a local councillor, rushes out of his car in a rage. Furious about the damage, the councillor grabs a metal rod and starts hitting the injured biker. The situation quickly escalates as the councillor vents his anger on the defenceless, bleeding biker. The sight of the violence shocks Gaurav, who is watching from his car.\nInstinctively, Gaurav feels the urge to intervene and help the biker, who is being mercilessly beaten. However, as he opens his car door and takes a step forward, his wife stops him. She reminds him of the danger in confronting someone as powerful as the local councillor, especially when Gaurav is unarmed. She points out the risks of standing up to him and the possible consequences that could put their family in harm's way. With their children in the car and the councillor's aggressive behaviour, her concerns about safety seem valid to Gaurav.\nHis wife further points out that despite the number of people witnessing the incident, none of them are stepping forward to help. She questions why Gaurav should risk his safety when no one else is willing to take action. This argument adds to Gaurav's growing sense of hesitation, as he sees others choosing to remain bystanders, unwilling to intervene in the dangerous situation.\nGaurav glances around from his car window and notices a police constable standing near the scene. For a moment, he feels relieved, hoping that the officer will intervene to stop the violence. However, to his dismay, the officer remains passive; merely watching the councillor continue his assault without stepping in to help. This leaves Gaurav even more conflicted about what to do.\na. Discuss the ethical issues involved in this case.\nb. What are the reasons behind rise of road rage incidents in the country?\nc. Suggest measures to reduce incidents of road rage and promote responsible behaviour in public spaces.","20","250"],[34,"a. इस मामले में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा करें।\nb. देश में सड़क पर रोष की घटनाओं में वृद्धि के पीछे क्या कारण हैं?\nc. सड़क पर रोष की घटनाओं को कम करने और सार्वजनिक स्थानों पर उत्तरदायी व्यवहार को बढ़ावा देने के उपाय सुझाएँ।\na इस मामले में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा करें।\nb देश में सड़क पर रोष की घटनाओं में वृद्धि के पीछे क्या कारण हैं?\nc सड़क पर रोष की घटनाओं को कम करने और सार्वजनिक स्थानों पर उत्तरदायी व्यवहार को बढ़ावा देने के उपाय सुझाएँ।","20 अंक","250 शब्द"],[38,"Q.9) Diya is a first-year student studying political science in a metropolitan city. She belongs to a small village in a rural region. Although Diya cherishes her ancestral home, she has limited knowledge about the socio-cultural aspects of the area. One day, while talking to her father, Diya expresses her desire to visit her ancestral place. Her father readily agrees and advises her to inform her paternal uncle about her travel plans. On the destined day, Diya arrives at her village to a grand welcome organized by her uncle. Later in the day, he informs Diya that they are all to attend a marriage function in the village. At the function, while having dinner, Diya notices the preparations for the celebration. She overhears discussions among attendees about the dowry being offered for the bride. Diya learns that substantial amounts of money and gifts are expected from the bride's family, creating a financial burden that can lead to significant distress. Curious, she engages in conversation with her aunt, who explains the pressures faced by families regarding dowry. Her aunt mentions that many families feel compelled to meet these demands, as failing to do so can result in social stigma and even violence against the bride. The next day, while walking through the village, Diya sees a group of women discussing the dowry they have arranged for their daughters. They express their fears about not being able to meet the expectations of the groom's family. Diya is taken aback by how deeply ingrained these practices are, realizing that some families even go into debt or sell property to fulfil dowry demands. Though Diya leaves for her home a few days later, the incidents in the village leave an indelible mark on her psyche. As a political science student, she realizes that such practices are blatant violations of women's rights and dignity. However, she struggles to comprehend why such deeply entrenched societal norms continue to persist. The events she witnessed are not isolated incidents but rather a common phenomenon in many parts of the country, even today.\na. What are the ethical issues involved in the case?\nb. Why do such discriminatory practices continue in the society? What role can youth like Diya play in checking such practices?","20","250"],[42,"Q.10 In a southern Indian state, a globally renowned high end mobile manufacturing company advertised job vacancies, attracting many hopeful applicants. Among them were two sisters from a nearby village who applied after seeing advertisements on WhatsApp. Upon arrival at the factory's main gate, a security guard met them and asked a series of questions, including an inquiry about their marital status. After confirming that they were married, they were informed that they could not proceed further. No explanation was provided, leaving them confused and disappointed. Back in their village, the sisters reflected on their experience and felt dismayed at being denied an opportunity without a clear reason. Even the auto-rickshaw driver who took them to the facility had hinted that married women might not be hired, yet they still hoped for a fair chance. Subsequent investigations by a prominent international news agency revealed a pattern at the manufacturing facility where married women were systematically excluded from employment opportunities. This practice was not officially documented but was communicated verbally to recruitment agencies responsible for hiring. The revelations sparked significant media uproar, drawing public attention to the issue. The Union Labour Ministry also took cognizance of the situation and sought a report from the state government regarding these discriminatory hiring practices. Unfortunately, such discriminatory practices are not uncommon in various parts of the world, reflecting broader issues of gender attitudes that persist in many societies.\na. Discuss the ethical issues involved in the case study.\nb. What can be the underlying reasons for discriminatory attitudes toward hiring married women by the company?\nc. How can organizations promote gender equity in their hiring practices?","20","250"],[46,"Q.11) Ramesh has been appointed as the Municipal Commissioner of a coastal city that is grappling with the recurring problem of flooding. Over the years, these floods have led to significant loss of life and extensive property damage, raising serious concerns among residents and policymakers alike. In response to this persistent challenge, Ramesh is committed to finding effective solutions. To identify and address the root causes of the flooding, he established an expert committee tasked with analyzing the situation comprehensively and proposing actionable recommendations. Following extensive and thorough field surveys, the committee identified two primary factors contributing to the city's increasing vulnerability to floods. The first factor is the degradation of wetlands, which serve as critical natural buffers against flooding and play a vital role in maintaining the ecological balance. The second factor is the illegal encroachments on the flood plains of seasonal streams. These encroachments have significantly reduced the streams' ability to carry water, increasing the risk of flooding. In light of these findings, the committee proposed two major interventions: the restoration of wetlands and the removal of unauthorized encroachments on the flood plains. These actions are aimed at effectively restoring the city's natural drainage system and mitigating future flood risks. Ramesh recognizes the necessity of implementing these measures to ensure the city's long-term safety and resilience against flooding. However, he is also aware of the potential human cost associated with these interventions. The illegal structures in question are inhabited by marginalized migrant laborers, and their removal would render many families homeless, significantly impacting their livelihoods. Despite his personal reservations regarding the social implications of these actions, Ramesh feels compelled to proceed with the committee's recommendations, as he believes they are essential for preventing future disasters. Subsequently, the operation to remove encroachments was launched with the deployment of a police force to ensure safety and order throughout the process. As the clearance of encroachments commenced, the affected residents expressed their opposition vigorously. Protests escalated into violent confrontations, resulting in assaults on officers and vandalism of government vehicles. The situation quickly deteriorated. When the police attempted to disperse the crowd, a stampede ensued. Tragically, this chaos resulted in the deaths of two elderly men. As the in-charge of the situation, Ramesh feels that these lives could have been saved if he had acted differently.\na. Identify the various value conflicts faced by Ramesh in his role as Municipal Commissioner.\nb. Analyze the decision to remove unauthorized encroachments on the flood plains from an ethical perspective.\nc. If you were in Ramesh's position and in charge of the situation, how would you have approached the challenges presented by the encroachment clearance and the resulting protests?","20","250"],[47,"a. नगर आयुक्त के रूप में रमेश द्वारा सामना किए गए विभिन्न मूल्य संघर्षों की पहचान करें।\nb. बाढ़ के मैदानों पर अनधिकृत अतिक्रमण हटाने के निर्णय का नैतिक दृष्टिकोण से विश्लेषण करें।\nc. यदि आप रमेश की स्थिति में होते और स्थिति के प्रभारी होते, तो अतिक्रमण हटाने और उसके परिणामस्वरूप होने वाले विरोध प्रदर्शनों से उत्पन्न चुनौतियों का आप किस प्रकार सामना करते?\na नगर आयुक्त के रूप में रमेश द्वारा सामना किए गए विभिन्न मूल्य संघर्षों की पहचान करें।\nb बाढ़ के मैदानों पर अनधिकृत अतिक्रमण हटाने के निर्णय का नैतिक दृष्टिकोण से विश्लेषण करें।\nc यदि आप रमेश की स्थिति में होते और स्थिति के प्रभारी होते, तो अतिक्रमण हटाने और उसके परिणामस्वरूप होने वाले विरोध प्रदर्शनों से उत्पन्न चुनौतियों का आप किस प्रकार सामना करते?","20 अंक","250 शब्द"],[51,"Q.12) Prashant works in a multinational company in a metropolitan city and is visiting his native village during his holiday. While reading the newspaper at home, he came across a distressing news article about a newlywed couple who tragically died in a road accident. Their motorcycle lost control and crashed into a roadside boulder. The police report indicated that none of the riders were wearing helmets, emphasizing that their fatal head injuries could have been avoided had they used this critical safety equipment.\nA few days later, Prashant and his five friends from the village decided to take a road trip to the hills of a neighboring state on their two-wheelers. While riding through urban areas, all the friends wore their helmets, and Prashant felt proud that they prioritized road safety. However, once they entered rural areas, Prashant noticed that everyone removed their helmets almost immediately. He found this behavior puzzling. When he inquired about it, his friends explained that helmet use is strictly enforced in urban areas, where violations can result in hefty fines. In contrast, enforcement is lax in rural areas. As an aware citizen who values road safety and adherence to regulations, Prashant is conscious of the importance of following safety protocols, including helmet use. Concerned for their safety, he encouraged his friends to keep their helmets on. He explained that one should wear helmets not just because it is a legal requirement, but for one's own safety, as helmets significantly reduce the risk of serious injury or death in the event of an accident. Upon hearing this, Prashant's friends teased him, suggesting that he had become too influenced by urban attitudes.\nWhile riding through a scenic area, they passed by a deep gorge and witnessed a motorcycle accident where a rider lost control and crashed into the ravine. The sight was alarming and reminded Prashant of the news article he had read. Once again, he urged his friends to wear their helmets. This time, his friends grew irritated and dismissed Prashant's concerns as unnecessary fear. Prashant recognized that they held a prevailing negative attitude toward wearing helmets, seeing them as an imposition rather than a safeguard.\na. Why is there a negative attitude among people regarding wearing helmets?\nb. What measures can be taken to bring about positive changes in this attitude? (20 marks, 250 words)","20","250"]]},{"i":837,"t":"Tushar Chauhan","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":2025,"r":216,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/TUSHAR-CHAUHANUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-216-Sample-MGP-Copy-4.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) What is your understanding of corruption? In your opinion, does corruption grease or sand the wheels of growth? Justify your answer.","10","150"],[4,"Whether corruption grows?","",""],[5,"b) The balance between laws and conscience is delicate; when synchronized, they promote ethical conduct, but their discord can give rise to significant ethical dilemmas. Illustrate with examples","10","150"],[7,"Q.2) a) “The recognition of the horrors of nuclear weapons should compel nations to move towards meaningful disarmament. However, geopolitical interests continue to hinder genuine progress in this direction. What are the ethical considerations of nuclear states to pursue global disarmament, and how can the international community balance security concerns with the moral imperative of a nuclear-free world?","10","150"],[8,"How global world can balance?","",""],[9,"b) What does ‘accountability’ mean in the context of public service? What measures can be adopted to ensure individual and collective accountability of public servants?","10","150"],[11,"Q.3) a) “Probity in governance is an essential and vital requirement for an efficient and effective system of governance and for socio-economic development.” Discuss the statement with examples.","10","150"],[13,"b) Why should public services prioritize impartiality and non-partisanship as core values in the present socio-political context? Illustrate with examples.","10","150"],[15,"Q.4) a) Distinguish between \"Code of ethics\" and \"Code of conduct\" with suitable examples.","10","150"],[17,"b) In contemporary times, corporate governance emphasizes accountability and ethical responsibility, yet a lack of adherence to these principles among many corporations highlights a disconnect between theory and practice. In this context, discuss the challenges corporations face in adhering to ethical standards and how these challenges can be mitigated.","10","150"],[19,"Q.5) a) What do you understand by the term 'public servant'? Reflect on the expected role of public servant.","10","150"],[21,"b) The ethical basis of a welfare state is central to its legitimacy. What are, in your opinion, the vital ethical traits of a welfare state? Suggest ways to strengthen the ethical foundation of a state.","10","150"],[23,"Q.6) a) Distinguish between laws and rules. Discuss the role of ethics in formulating them.","10","150"],[25,"b) Write short notes on the following in 30-50 words each:\ni) Ethical congruence\nii) Conflict of interest\niii) Compassion in public life\niv) Crisis of conscience\nv) Social capital","10 marks, 150","30-50 words each"],[27,"Q.7) Recently, a disturbing incident involving the sexual assault of two young girls at a nursery school came to light in a 'sleepy' town of a western state in the country. When the parents approached the local police station to lodge an FIR, the police turned them away. However, twelve hours later, the FIR was filed, and a 24-year-old cleaning staff member of the school was arrested as the only suspect in the incident.\nThe news of the assault spread rapidly, igniting widespread outrage and intense media coverage. The public was furious, leading to protests across the town demanding justice for the victims. Locals organized a bandh, vandalized the school, and blocked railway lines while demanding death penalty for the suspect.\nThe state government swung into action, suspending two police personnel for their delayed response and forming a Special Investigation Team (SIT) to investigate the case. The principal of the school, along with two staff members, was also suspended. The SIT began its investigation and charged the school principal, secretary, and chairman under sections of the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act for failing to report the crime. Meanwhile, the accused's first wife filed a case against him for violent sexual behavior and unnatural sex. As the investigation progressed, tensions in the town continued to simmer. The pressure on the SIT to resolve the case was immense, with political figures, media, and the public all demanding swift action.\nThe following day, while the suspect was being transported to the crime scene (the school) for further investigation, he was killed in what was described as an encounter. According to the SIT's account, the suspect managed to snatch a gun from one of the officers and opened fire, injuring him. In retaliation, the police shot the suspect, who was gravely injured and later succumbed to his wounds in the hospital.\nThe news of the encounter spread quickly. While many praised the SIT for their swift action, others raised serious concerns. The family of the suspect claimed it was a staged encounter. The human rights groups echoed similar sentiments, accusing the police of an extrajudicial killing orchestrated under immense public pressure.\na. What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\nb. Based on the case study, discuss the challenges faced by law enforcement agencies in conducting a fair and impartial investigation amidst public and political pressure.\nc. What best practices should be followed to ensure the integrity of investigations in such high-profile cases?","20","250"],[28,"a. उपरोक्त मामले में नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं?\nb. केस स्टडी के आधार पर, सार्वजनिक और राजनीतिक दबाव के बीच निष्पक्ष जांच करने में कानून प्रवर्तन एजेंसियों के सामने आने वाली चुनौतियों पर चर्चा करें।\nc. ऐसे हाई-प्रोफाइल मामलों में जांच की सत्यनिष्ठा सुनिश्चित करने के लिए कौन सी सर्वोत्तम प्रथाओं का पालन किया जाना चाहिए?\na उपरोक्त मामले में नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं?\nb केस स्टडी के आधार पर, सार्वजनिक और राजनीतिक दबाव के बीच निष्पक्ष जांच करने में कानून प्रवर्तन एजेंसियों के सामने आने वाली चुनौतियों पर चर्चा करें।\nc ऐसे हाई-प्रोफाइल मामलों में जांच की सत्यनिष्ठा सुनिश्चित करने के लिए कौन सी सर्वोत्तम प्रथाओं का पालन किया जाना चाहिए?","20 अंक","250 शब्द"],[30,"(a) Means vs Ends is Extra-judicial killing justified for swift justice to victims?","",""],[33,"Q.8) Sowmiya is a senior public servant renowned for her integrity and transparency. Currently serving as the Head of the Budget Division in the Finance Ministry, she is responsible for managing budgetary allocations critical to the government's developmental initiatives. Her department is currently organizing financial support to the states, three of which are due to go to the polls within the financial year. In this year's annual budget, the government allocated ₹9,300 crores to the National Electricity Mission (NEM), a centrally sponsored scheme aimed at providing electricity to every remaining household in the country. As of June, ₹1,775 crores had already been disbursed for this initiative. The NEM is pivotal for improving living standards and aligns with the government's broader goal of universal access to electricity.\nThe Ministry of Commerce has been advocating for the establishment of a semiconductor fabrication unit in a southern state. This project is essential for enhancing domestic manufacturing capabilities and reducing dependency on imported semiconductors. After extensive discussions spanning nearly three years among relevant stakeholders, the Union Cabinet approved the establishment of the unit, and the process for acquiring the necessary land has commenced.\nIn alignment with the government's policy toward a green transition, a leading Central Public Sector Enterprise (CPSE) is actively working on establishing a green hydrogen plant in a northeastern state. This initiative is crucial for promoting sustainable energy solutions and achieving the 'panchamrit' targets. The CPSE has already acquired the necessary land for the project. Following three rounds of global bidding, the project was awarded to an MNC, M/s XYZ Hydrocarbons, with the first tranche of payment scheduled for December.\nThe Finance Ministry was asked for an additional allocation of ₹7,000 crores to support the semiconductor fabrication unit and the green hydrogen plant. It was decided to recommend re-appropriating this entire amount from the NEM allocation. The file was forwarded to the Budget Department for their comments and further processing. Upon reviewing the case file, Sowmiya recognized the potential consequences of such a reallocation. Diverting funds from the NEM could significantly delay its implementation, undermining a project that holds political significance and is frequently highlighted in political rallies.\nAdditionally, failing to secure timely funding for the semiconductor unit and the green hydrogen plant could jeopardize these projects and lead to cost overruns. Delayed payment in an international project could send the wrong signals to MNCs about India's commitment to honoring international contracts. Such delays could harm the government's reputation and weaken investor confidence in India's growing green energy sector.\nSowmiya discussed the situation with her seniors and received orders to process this politically sensitive issue expeditiously. She realized that diverting funds from the NEM could raise difficult questions for the government in Parliament. On the other hand, these projects are proposed in states where elections are to be held shortly, adding to the urgency of the matter.\na. What are the ethical issues involved in re-appropriation of funds from a welfare project to the developmental projects?\nb. Given the need for proper utilization of public funds, discuss the options available to Sowmiya. Which option should she choose?","20","20 marks; 250"],[34,"a. कल्याणकारी परियोजना से विकासात्मक परियोजनाओं के लिए वित्त के पुनर्विनियोजन में क्या नैतिक मुद्दे शामिल हैं? b. सार्वजनिक वित्त के उचित उपयोग की आवश्यकता को देखते हुए, सौम्या के पास उपलब्ध विकल्पों पर चर्चा करें। उसे कौन सा विकल्प चुनना चाहिए?\na कल्याणकारी परियोजना से विकासात्मक परियोजनाओं के लिए वित्त के पुनर्विनियोजन में क्या नैतिक मुद्दे शामिल हैं?\nb सार्वजनिक वित्त के उचित उपयोग की आवश्यकता को देखते हुए, सौम्या के पास उपलब्ध विकल्पों पर चर्चा करें। उसे कौन सा विकल्प चुनना चाहिए?","","20 अंक"],[39,"Q.9 Surrogate advertising — a marketing technique that promotes a product or service restricted or banned from direct advertising, such as alcohol and tobacco, by advertising a legal product like soda, water, or music CDs from the same brand — has been around for a long time. While the practice has faced criticism in the past, it has recently gained fresh attention as several famous film stars have begun endorsing these surrogate products.\nPublic health advocates and certain sections of society are worried about this trend. They argue that when celebrities get involved, the ads become much more influential, especially among the younger audiences. These critics believe that even if the ads don’t directly promote harmful products, they still make them seem more acceptable. As a result, there is a fear that such advertising could indirectly lead to higher consumption of those items, which could bring more health problems, especially among the youth.\nOn the flip side, companies and the celebrities they work with claim they are not doing anything wrong. They point out that they are only endorsing legal products, and they have every right to advertise them. For them, this type of advertising is about keeping the brand alive and competing in a market with tight regulations. They also argue that restricting these ads could harm businesses, affecting jobs and overall economic growth.\nThe debate continues, with each side presenting its own set of compelling arguments.\na. What are the ethical concerns associated with surrogate advertising?\nb. Suggest a course of action that addresses the concerns of both the stakeholders involved. Justify your answer.","20","250"],[44,"Q.10 Sneha is a Senior Manager working for a big reputed hospital chain in a mid-sized city. She has been made in charge of the new super specialty centre that the hospital is building with state-of-the-art equipment and world-class medical facilities. The building has been reconstructed, and she is starting the process of procurement for various equipment and machines. As the head of the committee responsible for procurement, she has invited bids from all the interested reputed vendors dealing in medical equipment. She notices that her brother, who is a well-known supplier in this domain, has also sent his expression of interest. Since the hospital is privately owned, it is not mandatory for her to select only the lower bidder. Also, she is aware that her brother's company has been facing some financial difficulties and a big supply order will help him recover. At the same time, allocating the contract to her brother might bring charges of favoritism against her and tarnish her image. The hospital management trusts her fully and would support any decision of hers.\na What should be Sneha's course of action?\nb How would she justify what she chooses to do?\nc In this case, how is medical ethics compromised with vested personal interest?","20","250"],[47,"(c) How Medical Ethics are compromised with vested personal interest?","",""],[49,"Q.11) Utkarsh is a dedicated and experienced Chief Engineer in the Public Works Department (PWD) of a major Indian city. His responsibilities include overseeing the maintenance and construction of the city's infrastructure. One of his critical responsibilities is managing the safety and welfare of the PWD workers. A sudden strike by the workers' union of the PWD erupted over the issue of compensation to a construction worker who died while repairing a major bridge in the city. The case was brought to Utkarsh's attention for resolution.\nThe deceased worker, Shyam Lal, was part of a team tasked with repairing a crucial bridge that connected two busy parts of the city. During the repair, an unfortunate accident occurred where a section of the bridge collapsed. Shyam Lal fell from a significant height, suffering severe injuries. He was immediately rushed to the hospital but succumbed to his injuries shortly after arrival. Shyam Lal was 45 years old and the sole breadwinner for his family, which included his wife and three young children.\nThe initial investigation revealed that Shyam Lal had not been wearing the mandatory safety harness at the time of the accident. The management, upon learning of this, is considering not providing extra compensation to Shyam Lal's family, citing negligence on his part.\nThe PWD workers' union was outraged by this decision, arguing that the lack of proper training and supervision were the primary cause of the accident. They demanded full compensation for Shyam Lal's family, like what other workers receive who die in the line of duty, and a job for one family member.\nWith no satisfactory response from the management, the union went on strike, halting all ongoing maintenance and construction projects in the city. The strike has continued for two weeks, causing significant disruption to the city's infrastructure projects and leading to public outcry. Utkarsh is now tasked with finding a resolution to this deadlock.\na) What are the options available to Utkarsh to meet the above situation? Critically examine each of the options identified by him.\nb) What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by Utkarsh?\nc) What course of action should Utkarsh adopt to diffuse the above situation?","25","25 marks; 250"],[54,"Q.12) Raman is a senior IPS officer and has recently been posted as D.G. of a state. Among the various issues and problems/challenges which need his immediate attention, the issue relating to recruitment of unemployed youth by an unknown terrorist group was a matter of grave concern. It was noted that unemployment was relatively high in the state. The problem of unemployment amongst graduates and those with higher education was much more grave. Thus, they were vulnerable and soft targets. In the review meeting taken by him with senior officers (DIG range and above), it came to light that a new terrorist group has emerged at the global level. It has launched a massive drive to recruit young unemployed people. Special focus was to pick young people from a particular community. The said organization seemed to have the clear objective of utilizing/using them for carrying out militant activities. It was also gathered that the said (new) group is desperately trying to spread its tentacles in his state. A definite/reliable intelligence tip was received by the State CID and Cyber Cell that a large number of such unemployed youth have already been contacted by the terrorist outfit/group through social media and local organizations and other contacts. The need of the hour was to act swiftly and check these elements/designs before they assume serious proportions. Discreet inquiries made by the police through the Cyber Cell, revealed that good numbers of unemployed youth are very active on Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter. On an average, many of them were spending 6-8 hours each day, using electronic devices/internet. It also came to light that such unemployed youth were showing sympathy and endorsing the messages received from certain persons, allegedly the contact persons of the global terrorist group. Their social media accounts revealed their strong affinity to such groups inasmuch as many of them started forwarding anti-national views on their WhatsApp and Facebook. It seemed that they succumbed to their play, and started propagating secessionist ideology. Their posts were hyper-critical of the government's initiatives, policies, and subscribing to extreme beliefs and promoting extremism.\na. What are the options available to Raman to tackle the above situation?\nb. What measures would you suggest for strengthening the existing set-up to ensure that such groups do not succeed in penetrating and vitiating the atmosphere in the state?\nc. In the above scenario, what action plan would you advise for enhancing the intelligence-gathering mechanism of the police force?","25","25 marks; 250"]]},{"i":838,"t":"Twinkle Arora","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/0cf51-784458_1819_twinkle_arora_rank_91.pdf","q":[[2,"1. (a) Explain the relevance of the following in the context of civil service:\n(i) Public Trust\n(ii) Compassion\n(iii) Objectivity\n(iv) Integrity\n(v) Fortitude","10","150"],[4,"1. (b) What do you understand by environmental ethics? Highlight the various values it is based upon.","10","150"],[6,"2. (a) Explaining the need of ethics in public life, mention various sources of ethical guidance for a civil servant.","10","150"],[8,"2. (b) Explain the difference between end-oriented values and means-oriented values. In your opinion, which is more important for a public servant?","10","150"],[10,"3. (a) Moral quality of an action should be judged by its consequences on human happiness. Discuss.","10","150"],[12,"3. (b) The core of Gandhiji's philosophy lies in internal moral power. Discuss.","10","150"],[14,"4. (a) With the help of relevant examples, bring out the difference between the following:\n(i) Vice and Virtue\n(ii) Horizontal and Vertical Accountability\n(iii) Code of Ethics and Code of Conduct\n(iv) Persuasion and Manipulation\n(v) Belief and Faith","10","150"],[16,"4. (b) Civil servants, who are themselves honest, but do nothing to save the institution from corruption, do greater damage to the system. Elucidate.","10","150"],[17,"5. (a) Explain the relationship between personal and professional ethics of a civil servant.","10","150"],[19,"5. (b) Explain, with examples, how law and liberty are related with each other.","10","150"],[21,"6. (a) Ethics is the foundation upon which virtues are built. In this context, discuss how ethics act as an anti-corruption force.","10","150"],[23,"6. (b) In context of the relationship between political executive and civil servants in India, highlight the significance of neutrality in the civil service.","10","150"],[25,"6. (c) The teachings of Arya Samaj present key ethical lessons for present day India. Discuss.","10","150"],[27,"7. You are posted as a District Magistrate in a communally sensitive district of the country. Due to the recent upsurge in the COVID-19 cases, a strict lockdown has been imposed in the district. However, a religious festival is upcoming and a particular community wants to organize a big fair to celebrate the festival despite the lockdown guidelines. People from the other community were also allowed to celebrate their festival a few weeks earlier, though the situation with regard to the pandemic was different then. You have been informed that denial by the administration to allow the fair may anger certain sections of the community and give credibility to allegations of bias against the administration. You have also received confidential reports that such denial may be misused by local politicians to flare up communal tension and the situation may spiral out of control. In this context:\n(a) What are the various issues involved in this situation?\n(b) Identify the various options that you have and highlight your course of action.","20","around 250"],[31,"8 Consider the following questions:\n(a) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\n(b) Discuss the steps that can be taken to address these issues. Also suggest some long term measures for such issues.","20",""],[35,"9. In recent times, we have witnessed large scale displacement of people all over the world. The reasons for this are manifold but it has resulted in a severe challenge in the form of a refugee crisis of large proportions. The recent turmoil in Afghanistan adds another unfortunate chapter to it. In this context, answer the following questions:\n(a) Examine the ethical issues involved in the refugee crisis being witnessed in the recent decades.\n(b) Highlight both short-term and long-term measures to deal with it.","20",""],[39,"10. You are a well known social worker who has worked for many social causes like girls' education, campaigns against female foeticide and infanticide, child labour etc. You enjoy popularity and credibility among the local population for the work that you have done.\nRecently, a couple, who is also your distant relative, meet you to seek your counsel on an issue. They convey that a few months ago, they hired a woman to act as a surrogate mother and that now she is pregnant with twins. But as per them, they wanted only one child. So they asked the concerned lady to abort one of the fetuses but she is refusing to do so.\nUpon meeting the lady, you come to know that she already has two children and her financial condition won't allow her to look after one more child. In fact, her decision to act as a surrogate mother was influenced by the financial incentives she would receive. She can't even take legal recourse as commercial surrogacy has been banned in the country. Both the parties look up to you to find an amicable solution. Given the situation,\n(a) What are the ethical issues involved in the case?\n(b) What are the various options that you have? Which one of these will you adopt? Justify your stand with logical arguments.","20",""],[43,"11. An international beverage company has a signature drink that it sells all over the world, with children being its major consumers. In India, the version of the drink complies with Indian food and health regulations, but is less healthy than the one sold in developed countries. Though the company is not in violation of any law in India, but it is selling an inferior, less healthy product in a developing country like India. There is however, a price differential with the drink sold in India being cheaper than the one sold in developed countries.\n\nIdentify the various stakeholders and discuss the issues that arise in this situation.","20",""],[47,"12. The proliferation of social media platforms have empowered the citizens and enabled them to freely share their views, including criticism of the government and its functionaries. However, it has also given rise to serious concerns such as spread of fake news, hate speech, revenge porn etc., which have grown manifold in recent years. Moreover, there are growing issues related to lack of transparency, accountability and rights of users of such social media platforms.\n\nIn this context, what should be the underlying principles to regulate the social media platforms? Also, suggest a framework to address the associated issues and concerns and make such platforms a safe place for its diverse users.","20",""]]},{"i":843,"t":"Ujjwal Priyank","c":"Forumias","p":"Essay","y":2025,"r":10,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/UJJWAL-PRIYANK-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-10-Sample-MGP-Copy-3.pdf","q":[[3,"1. We cannot solve our problems with the same thinking we used when we created them.\n2. The civilisation that doesn't adopt modern technologies becomes extinct.\n3. Data without wisdom and innovation without ethics are dangerous tools.\n4. The doubter is a true man of science.","",""],[16,"SECTION - B 1. The empires of the future will be the empires of the mind.\n2. Responsibility is the invisible thread that holds freedom together.\n3. You may not be able to do everything, but do something.\n4. Behavior is the mirror in which everyone shows their image.","",""]]},{"i":844,"t":"Ujjwal Priyank","c":"Vision","p":"Essay","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/94b5b-1501361_2488_ujjwal_priyank_rank_10.pdf","q":[[5,"Write two essays, choosing one topic from each of the Sections A and B, in about 1000-1200 words each :\n1. It is easier to build strong children than to repair broken men.\n2. A mind all logic is like a knife all blade, it makes the hand bleed that uses it.\n3. Just when the caterpillar thought the world was over, it became a butterfly.\n4. History is a cyclic poem written by time upon the memories of man.\n5. The wise man does at once what the fool does finally.\n6. The world is a tragedy to those who feel, but a comedy to those who think.\n7. Perfect clarity would profit the intellect but damage the will.\n8. Keep your face to the sunshine and you cannot see a shadow.","125 x 2 = 250","1000-1200 words each"],[6,"1. It is easier to build strong children than to repair broken men.\n2. A mind all logic is like a knife all blade, it makes the hand bleed that uses it.\n3. Just when the caterpillar thought the world was over, it became a butterfly.\n4. History is a cyclic poem written by time upon the memories of man.","",""]]},{"i":845,"t":"Ujjwal Priyank","c":"Vision","p":"Essay","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/50357-1501361_4514_ujjwal_priyank_rank_10.pdf","q":[[5,"Write two essays, choosing one topic from each of the Sections A and B, in about 1000-1200 words each :\n1. You may have to fight a battle more than once to win it.\n2. In matters of conscience, the law of the majority has no place.\n3. He who opens a school door, closes a prison.\n4. Only in the depths of winter can we truly appreciate the warmth of spring.\n5. We cannot always build the future for our youth, but we can build our youth for the future.\n6. Copying is safe; innovation demands courage.\n7. The more we automate, the more human we must become.\n8. The pursuit of instant validation is creating a generation of restless minds.","125 x 2 = 250","1000-1200 words each"],[6,"1. You may have to fight a battle more than once to win it.","",""],[18,"5. We cannot always build the future for our youth, but we can build our youth for the future.","",""]]},{"i":839,"t":"Ujjwal Priyank","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":10,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/UJJWAL-PRIYANK-AIR-10-GS-Paper-2.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) To what extent, in your opinion, have the ideals of the Preamble been realised in the country's 75-year constitutional journey?","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) The evolution of property rights in India reflects an intricate relationship that exists between individual rights and public welfare. Discuss this statement with the help of relevant constitutional provisions and case laws.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3 Under what conditions can the 'National' Emergency be proclaimed by the President of India? What are the consequences when such a proclamation remains in force? When was it last imposed in the country?","10","150"],[9,"Q.4 'Lack of a binding framework for pre-legislative consultations in India limits citizen engagement in the lawmaking.' Propose measures to strengthen the role of public consultation in the legislative process.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) 'The recommendations of the 15th Finance Commission have enabled the States to improve their fiscal conditions.' Comment.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6 In what ways do industry and business associations contribute to socio-economic development in the country? Explain with suitable examples.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7 \"India's poverty lies in the eyes of the beholder.\" In light of this statement, examine the need for a credible and periodically updated poverty estimation framework in the country.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) The Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act, 2012 falls short of achieving its intended objectives. Comment.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9 'Starved of funds, shackled by geopolitics, WHO is facing a crisis of capacity and credibility.' Discuss the statement in the light of USA's withdrawal and its accusation of the health body of being 'biased towards China and mishandling the COVID-19 pandemic'.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10) The world continues to operate in a ‘my terrorist’ versus ‘your terrorist’ paradigm. Explain. What strategies would you suggest to develop a unified, comprehensive, and rules-based global approach to tackle the menace of terrorism?","10","150"],[23,"Q.11 Briefly explain the procedure laid down in the Representation of the People Act (RPA), 1951 for the registration of political parties with the Election Commission of India (ECI). What are Registered Unrecognised Political Parties (RUPPs)? What concerns are associated with them? Does the ECI have powers to de-register a political party?","15","250"],[26,"Q.12) Assess the role of NITI Aayog over the past decade in promoting cooperative and competitive federalism.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 'The post of Deputy Speaker goes beyond ceremonial significance and is indispensable to Indian parliamentary democracy.' Discuss with relevant constitutional provisions and conventions. Also, examine the implications of the prolonged vacancy of the Deputy Speaker's post.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 Is the growing demand for stricter regulation of online content justified, or does it pose a threat to the right to freedom of speech and expression? Examine in light of recent judicial pronouncements.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 Critically examine the 'in-house procedure' adopted by the Apex Court to inquire into allegations of misconduct against judges of constitutional courts in India.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16 Recent controversies over alleged malpractices in the electoral rolls have renewed demands for the mandatory linkage of Aadhaar with Voter ID. What is your opinion? Give reasons in support of your answer.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 Lateral entry into civil services is seen as a reformative step, yet it continues to attract criticism and controversy. Discuss.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18) While rankings aim to benchmark the performance of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs), concerns remain about whether current ranking frameworks reflect the broader goals of education. Suggest measures to make the ranking system more objective, inclusive, and aligned with educational and societal outcomes.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 Examine the factors behind the growing salience of the Arctic region in international politics. Discuss, in this context, strategies for India to recalibrate its Arctic engagement.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 Bangladesh is a key pillar of India's Neighborhood First policy, but recent developments on both sides threaten to disrupt the 'Sonali Adhyay' in bilateral relations. Analyze.","15","250"]]},{"i":841,"t":"Ujjwal Priyank","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2025,"r":10,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/UJJWAL-PRIYANK-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-10-Sample-MGP-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1 \"India's democratic roots are deeply embedded in its ancient civilizational ethos.\" Discuss in the context of India being referred to as the 'Mother of Democracy'.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Elucidate the significance of tiger and elephant figures in Indian mythology, art and architecture.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) The arrival of Lord William Bentinck marked a period of transformation in the British Indian State. Discuss.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4 Explain how the American War of Independence deprived Great Britain of one empire, but it strengthened the foundations of another.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) What are Rare Earth Elements (REEs)? Discuss the multi-dimensional implications of uneven distribution of REEs in the world.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) Highlight the salient differences between the Himalayan and the Peninsular drainage Systems.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) Describe the nature and mode of origin of the main types of rock at the earth's crust.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) The alienation of modern lifestyles from nature has contributed to the ongoing environmental crisis in India. Examine.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9 What do you understand by the term 'urbanisation of poverty'? Also, explain how urban poverty differs from rural poverty in India?","10","150"],[21,"Q.10 Globalization has redefined the idea of community and kinship in Indian society. Do you agree? Justify your answer.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11 The flourishing of various art forms during the Kushana period reflects the rich and diverse cultural landscape of the time. What insights does this provide into the socio-cultural aspects of that era?","15","250"],[26,"Q.12 Trace the events that led to the Civil Disobedience Movement. What were its outcomes?","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 Mahatma Jyotirao Phule's reformist ideas played a significant role in shaping the social foundations of the Indian freedom movement. Elaborate.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 The interlinking of rivers offers several benefits, but also raises significant socio-economic and environmental concerns. Analyze.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 Explain the concept of rain shadow effect. How does it influence the distribution of precipitation and vegetation across mountain ranges?","15","250"],[38,"Q.16 Bring out the major features of the Indian monsoon and elaborate upon its causative factors.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17) What are the geographical factors responsible for the growth of mangrove vegetation in India? Also highlight its role in coastal ecology.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 To what extent can the rise of 'Kidfluencers' be seen as a reflection of changing family structures and parental aspirations in Indian society?","15","250"],[47,"Q.19) Women often form the backbone of grassroots movements in India, yet they remain largely invisible and excluded from the decision-making process. Examine.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 Do you agree with the view that social media is a 'double edged sword'? Discuss in the context of its impact on Indian society.","15","250"]]},{"i":848,"t":"Ujjwal Priyank","c":"Vision","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/5da05-1501361_4511_ujjwal_priyank_rank_10.pdf","q":[[6,"1. How does the Supreme Court’s recent decision on Aligarh Muslim University’s minority status affect the interpretation of Article 30 of the Indian Constitution? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[8,"2. The Supreme Court, in a recent verdict, prescribed a time period for the Governor's assent to state legislative bills. What are the implications of this judgment for cooperative federalism and legislative accountability in India? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[10,"3. Discuss the recent changes and initiatives related to cooperatives that aim to smoothen the tussle between the Centre and States in the cooperative sector.","10","Answer in 150"],[12,"4. In recent years, use of social media and digital mobilisation by civil society has emerged as a powerful form of pressure politics. Examine its impact on policymaking and democratic accountability.","10","150"],[14,"5. How is Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) emerging as a business-led solution for addressing development challenges in India? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"6. Discuss how mechanisms like public consultations and Jan Sunwais in India impact governance outcomes. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[18,"7. How effective have the National Action Plan for Drug Demand Reduction (NAPDDR) and Nasha Mukt Bharat Abhiyaan been in addressing substance abuse in India? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[20,"8. Rote learning and neglect of creativity in foundational education setup in India make it less ready for marketplaces that are now driven by Artificial Intelligence. Do you agree with this view? Substantiate your argument.","10","150"],[22,"9. Analyze the transformation of the G7 from a symbol of Western strategic unity to a forum marked by internal contradictions. How should India navigate this changing dynamic to advance its strategic interests? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[24,"10. Discuss the role of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in the development of developing countries. What are the key criticisms associated with its approach? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[26,"11. The 103rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 2019 has introduced a new dimension to the principle of affirmative action in India. Critically examine its implications for the broader goal of social justice.","15","250"],[29,"12. The District Planning Committee (DPC) was envisioned as a key instrument to strengthen grassroots-level planning. How far has it succeeded in achieving this goal? Discuss the challenges faced by DPCs and suggest measures to make them more effective.","15","250"],[32,"13. The restrictions imposed under Article 293 of the Constitution on State borrowing powers, though constitutionally valid, may hinder fiscal autonomy of States and disrupt cooperative federalism. Discuss in the light of recent developments.","15","250"],[35,"14. Examine the tension between the right to contest elections and the need to uphold electoral ethics under the Representation of the People Act. Should there be a lifetime ban on convicted criminals? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[38,"15. To what extent has the Beti Bachao Beti Padhao (BBBP) scheme, launched in 2015, succeeded in addressing the declining child sex ratio and empowering the girl child? Suggest measures to enhance its impact at the grassroots level.","15","Answer in 250"],[41,"16. Self-Help Groups (SHGs) are emerging as vehicles of socio-economic transformation in rural India. Examine the role of government in scaling their reach and effectiveness. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[43,"Limitation in reaping benefit of SHGs\n1. Lack of formalisation of care economy\n2. Bureaucratic hurdles and red tapism\n3. SHGs seen as mere local groups → lack of social apathy\n4. People awareness → Required collaboration with multiple stakeholder","",""],[44,"17. Despite economic growth, multidimensional poverty continues to persist in India. Analyse the underlying causes and discuss the measures taken by the government to address them. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[47,"India faces a paradox of food surplus and nutritional deficit. Analyse the structural reasons behind this paradox and suggest reform strategies. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[50,"19. India's timely response during the economic crises in Sri Lanka and the Maldives reflects its \"Neighbourhood First\" policy in action. Examine how Indian aid has impacted bilateral ties with these nations. What steps can further be taken to promote sustainable economic cooperation in the Indian Ocean region? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[53,"Discuss the geostrategic significance of Afghanistan for India in the context of continental connectivity and access to Central Asia. How has the altered political landscape post-2021 affected India's connectivity and energy corridor ambitions? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"]]},{"i":840,"t":"Ujjwal Priyank","c":"Forumias","p":"GS3","y":null,"r":10,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/UJJWAL-PRIYANK-AIR-10-GS-Paper-3.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) Explain the significance of the recent changes made to the Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) with respect to labour market data estimation in the country.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2 Discuss the implications of the rising trend of protectionism and tariff wars in global trade for India's macroeconomic stability.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3 \"Genome-edited crops have the potential to strengthen food and nutritional security in the country.\" Examine.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4 Assess the role of Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY) in expanding irrigation coverage and improving on-farm water use efficiency.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5 Starlink, a satellite internet service provider, has recently been granted a license to operate in India. What is satellite internet? How does it work? What are its advantages and limitations?","10","150"],[13,"Q.6 What is a Geographical Indication (GI)? What are the legal frameworks governing it? How does it differ from a trademark? How can GI infringement be tackled?","10","150"],[15,"Q.7 What are the salient features of Mission Mausam launched by the Government of India? Why is such a mission needed? What are the likely challenges in its effective implementation?","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) Highlight the key provisions of the Disaster Management (Amendment) Act, 2025. How would the amendment help strengthen the disaster management framework in the country?","10","150"],[19,"Q.9 'Operation Sindoor' signals a strategic evolution in India's approach to cross-border terrorism. Analyze.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10 'Cyberspace has emerged as a distinct domain of warfare, posing serious threats to national security.' Discuss this statement and suggest counter-measures.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11) What are the key objectives of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC), 2016? To what extent has it been successful in achieving them?","15","250"],[26,"Q.12) Despite phenomenal growth in recent years, India's startup ecosystem lags in innovation across strategic sectors. Identify the factors responsible for this inadequate focus on deep-tech and suggest strategies to bridge this gap.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13) What is floriculture? How is it helpful in enhancing farm income and boosting agri-exports?","15","250"],[32,"Q.14) \"Women play a crucial role in Indian agriculture, yet continue to face systemic exclusion.\" Discuss with reference to land ownership, access to credit, and agri-extension services. What initiatives has the government taken in this regard?","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 Launched on 25th June 2025, the Axiom-4 (Ax-04) mission has been much in the news since then. What are the key features of the mission? What significance does it hold for the Gaganyaan project and India's long-term space ambitions?","15","250"],[38,"Q.16) Energy storage technology is one of the major components of renewable energy integration and decarbonization of world energy systems. Briefly discuss any three such technologies, citing their key merits and demerits.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 Global Pandemic Agreement (2025) recognizes the 'One Health' approach as critical to pandemic prevention, preparedness, and response. Highlight the key features of the agreement, and elaborate on how the One Health approach can help in preventing future pandemics. What steps are needed to integrate this approach into India's environmental and health governance?","15","250"],[44,"Q.18) The frequency and intensity of heatwaves, particularly in urban centres, have increased in recent years. Describe the various causes and effects of heatwaves. What policies and frameworks have been adopted in India towards extreme heat risk management?","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 Discuss how emerging technologies and globalization contribute to terror financing. Elaborate measures to tackle the menace of terror financing both at national and international levels.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 Explain the key components of the National Policy and Action Plan (2015) that have contributed to the significant decline of Left-Wing Extremism (LWE). What additional steps would you suggest to eliminate LWE in the near future?","15","250"]]},{"i":849,"t":"Ujjwal Priyank","c":"Vision","p":"GS3","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/a1bd8-1501361_4512_jjwal_priyank_rank_10.pdf","q":[[6,"1. Analyse the factors that have contributed to India's inclusive economic growth in the past decade. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[8,"2. The Reserve Bank of India's surplus transfers offer the government much-needed fiscal space, yet they are not without challenges. Critically examine the implications of the RBI's surplus transfers to the government.","10","150"],[10,"3. To what extent was the first National Monetization Pipeline (NMP) able to meet its objectives? What are the objectives of the new Asset Monetization Plan 2025–30 as announced in the recent 2025 Budget? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[12,"4. Examine the major challenges hindering the Indian textile industry from achieving its full potential in the global value chain. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[14,"5. Why has India become increasingly import-dependent for edible oils despite being a major agricultural economy? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"6. Air accidents are low-frequency but high-impact events. Examine the disaster management protocols in place for aviation-related emergencies in India. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[18,"7. Chemical pollution poses a grave threat to human health and the environment in India. Discuss the key sources contributing to pervasive chemical contamination and evaluate the effectiveness of existing environmental laws in curbing this problem. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[20,"8. Missile defence systems are becoming critical for national security in the face of evolving regional threats and advanced weapon technologies. Explain the working principle of missile defence systems. Critically assess India's progress in developing indigenous missile defence capabilities. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[22,"9. Despite multiple resolutions and initiatives undertaken by the United Nations Security Council (UNSC), its efforts to counter terrorism have achieved limited success. Discuss the reasons for this limited effectiveness. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[24,"10. India practices a ‘multi-alignment’ approach in its cyber diplomacy. How does this posture strengthen India’s internal security while maintaining strategic autonomy? (Answer in 150 words)","","150"],[26,"11. While examining the shortcomings of the land reforms in the past, elaborate what land reforms 2.0 should look like. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[29,"12. As NITI Aayog completes 10 years of its establishment, critically examine its role in the planning and development paradigm of governance in India. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[32,"13. What are the primary causes of limited formal credit penetration among the rural and unbanked populations in India? Comment on the effectiveness of Small Finance Banks in addressing this gap and advancing inclusive financial growth.","","250"],[35,"14. To what extent has the Production Linked Incentive Scheme for the food processing industry facilitated value addition, employment generation, and global competitiveness in India's food processing industry? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[38,"15. Waste circularity is emerging as a sustainable solution to India's mounting solid waste crisis. Discuss the key principles of waste circularity and the government's initiative in this regard. How effective have these measures been in fostering a circular economy? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[41,"16. Discuss the importance of integrating traditional ecological knowledge of India's tribal communities with modern disaster management frameworks. Mention two examples where indigenous practices have contributed to disaster resilience.","15","250"],[44,"17. CRISPR technology has rapidly advanced in recent years, with new tools and clinical breakthroughs. Highlight the recent developments in CRISPR-based gene editing technology applications. Discuss the opportunities and ethical challenges these advancements present for healthcare and society.","","250"],[47,"18. A credible semiconductor ecosystem is pivotal for India's economic security as much as for national security. Analyse the strategic objectives, incentives, and institutional architecture of the India Semiconductor Mission (ISM). Identify the major risks that could derail its timelines. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[50,"19. Intricate inter-play of diverse factors has been the force multipliers for extremism in the North East. Discuss. Suggest a multilayered strategy to tackle the menace of extremism in this region.","","250"],[53,"20. Despite recent steps towards inducting women into combat roles, their participation remains low. Examine the key challenges impeding the greater inclusion of women in the Indian armed forces. Also, suggest suitable measures to enhance their participation. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"]]},{"i":842,"t":"Ujjwal Priyank","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":2025,"r":10,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/UJJWAL-PRIYANK-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-10-Sample-MGP-Copy-2.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) 'Unconscious biases in parenting continue to shape gendered experiences in India.' Do you agree with this view? Discuss.","10","150"],[5,"b) Distinguish between empathy and compassion. Why are they considered as foundational values in public services?","10","150"],[7,"Q.2) a) The current society is witnessing rising levels of intolerance. What are the consequences of this situation for personal well-being and for societal well-being? What can one do at the personal level to become tolerant?","10","150"],[9,"b) What are the main components of emotional intelligence and how does it help an individual in taking ethical decisions?","10","150"],[11,"Q.3) Given below are the three quotations of great thinkers. What do each of these quotations convey to you in the present context?\na) \"This life is short, the vanities of the world are transient, but they alone live who live for others, the rest are more dead than alive.\" - Swami Vivekanand","10","150"],[13,"b) \"If you cry because the sun has gone out of your life, your tears will prevent you from seeing the stars.\" - Rabindranath Tagore","10","150"],[15,"c) \"Two ways of building character - cultivating strength to challenge oppression, and tolerate the resultant hardships that give rise to courage and awareness.\" - Sardar Patel","10","150"],[17,"Q.4) a) “With great power comes great responsibility.” In the present context, ‘Big Tech’ headquartered in developed countries wield disproportionate influence over digital infrastructure, personal data, and global narratives—often prioritising profit over ethical considerations. What ethical principles should guide such corporations in building a fair, inclusive, and just global digital framework?","10","150"],[19,"b) What do you understand by the term 'crisis of conscience'? Describe an incident from your life where you experienced such a crisis. How did you deal with it?","10","150"],[21,"Q.5) a) \"A politics of confession that encourages politicians and parties to confess and offer regret for their errors can surely be a cathartic experience.\" Examine the statement from the ethical point of view.","10","150"],[23,"b) What are the key objectives of the Right to Information Act, 2005? Examine the ethical concerns associated with certain provisions of the Digital Personal Data Protection Act in realizing the objectives of the RTI Act.","10","150"],[25,"Q.6) a) Public spaces serve as arenas of democratic participation and civic expression. Yet in India, they remain deeply gendered, with many women largely confined to the private and domestic sphere. Examine the factors that restrict women's access to public spaces. How can ethical governance help address the issue of gendered spatial control and promote inclusivity in public spaces?","10","150"],[27,"b) Write short notes on the following in 30 words each:\ni) Ethical fading\nii) Conflict of interest\niii) Persuasion\niv) Work culture\nv) Corporate governance","10 marks, 150","30 words each"],[29,"Q.7) A State Government in the northeastern part of the country has launched a series of anti-encroachment drives across forest areas, wetlands, and revenue lands. Under the directions of the Chief Minister, the administration has intensified efforts to reclaim public land, particularly in areas reserved for ecological protection and critical infrastructure development. Most of the time, these actions have been backed by court orders and have resulted in the recovery of thousands of hectares of land. However, in certain regions, the implementation of such drives is fraught with social and political complexities. In several districts, settlements have existed for decades and are inhabited by marginalized communities with limited access to legal rights or formal rehabilitation measures. These areas are often politically sensitive and influenced by local leaders and pressure groups. Simanta is posted as Additional Deputy Commissioner (ADC) in one such district. Over the past year, the district administration has attempted to align eviction measures with welfare outreach, including the provision of temporary shelters, relocation assistance, and public consultations. Recently, a major operation was scheduled to clear encroachments from over 140 hectares of forest land within a Reserved Forest, primarily to curb rising instances of human-elephant conflict and to restore ecological balance. Anticipating eviction, some residents approached the High Court seeking a stay. However, the court refused to grant it and directed the administration to proceed with the eviction following due process. Notices were served, and a detailed roadmap was prepared to carry out the operation, which was expected to last 2-3 days due to the scale and remote location. On the first day, Simanta led a team comprising forest officials, municipal workers, and police personnel. Demolitions were conducted peacefully and without major resistance. However, on the second day, when the team returned to the site, a large group of agitated residents—primarily women and children—had gathered. They raised slogans and formed human chains to prevent further evictions. The atmosphere grew tense when some individuals began throwing stones, resulting in serious injury to a municipal worker. The crowd grew increasingly volatile and emotionally charged, demanding an immediate halt to the operation. The police contingent present on the ground was outnumbered by the crowd. Faced with this crisis, some team members pleaded with Simanta to call off the operation, fearing threats to their life and the possibility of a violent escalation. Simanta attempted to contact his superior officer (the Deputy Commissioner), but due to poor mobile connectivity in the forested area, communication could not be established. Meanwhile, several local journalists had arrived and begun reporting on the incident. Simanta is in a dilemma as to what to do.\na. Evaluate the options available with Simanta to cope with the situation.\nb. Which of the above options would be the most appropriate for Simanta and why?\nc. What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by Simanta?\nd. Examine the qualities of a public servant which will be required to manage such situations.","20","250"],[30,"a. स्थिति से निपटने के लिए सिमंता के पास उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन करें।\nb. सिमंता के लिए सबसे उपयुक्त होगा और क्यों?\nc. सिमंता को किन नैतिक दुविधाओं का सामना करना पड़ रहा है?\nd. ऐसी परिस्थितियों का प्रबंधन करने के लिए एक लोक सेवक के गुणों का परीक्षण करें।\na स्थिति से निपटने के लिए सिमंता के पास उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन करें।\nb सिमंता के लिए सबसे उपयुक्त होगा और क्यों?\nc सिमंता को किन नैतिक दुविधाओं का सामना करना पड़ रहा है?\nd ऐसी परिस्थितियों का प्रबंधन करने के लिए एक लोक सेवक के गुणों का परीक्षण करें।","20 अंक","250 शब्द"],[34,"Q.8) Megha is a first-year sociology student at a reputed college in the national capital. She is originally from Tadchiroli, a tribal village in a western Indian state. Megha's family migrated to the city when she was seven years old and had not visited their village since. Though Megha has fond memories of her childhood there, she never deeply understood the customs and traditions of the region. One day, Megha expresses her wish to visit Tadchiroli. Her father agrees and asks her to inform Ratan, her paternal uncle, who still lives in the village with his family. Megha informs Ratan and travels to the village during a semester break. Upon arrival, she receives a warm welcome from Ratan and his family. Later, Ratan invites her to attend a local festival. During the event, Megha notices that her cousin Rinki is missing. Curious, she asks Ratan's wife Ratna why Rinki is not at the festival. Ratna explains that Rinki is on her period, and as per tradition, menstruating girls must stay separately in small huts built specifically for the purpose. Locally known as 'kurma ghars', they are generally located on the periphery of the village, near a river or pond. She further adds that these girls are not allowed to enter the main house or participate in any social or religious activities. Megha is taken aback. She asks whether all women follow this practice. Ratna nods and says it has been the custom for generations. Even schoolgirls stay in these huts and miss classes during their periods. Ratna admits that many in the village, including herself, never questioned the practice. The explanation unsettles Megha. She finds it hard to believe that a natural biological function leads to such exclusion. Before returning to the city, Megha observes that even educated family members seem to accept and follow these customs. The experience leaves a deep impact on her. She starts reading more about menstrual taboos and their impact on women's health, dignity, and education. As a sociology student, she recognises how such traditions are linked to patriarchy and social stigma. She begins to reflect on what she can do at her level to improve the current situation, without alienating the community or disrespecting its traditions.\na. Suggest a course of action Megha can take to sensitize her village community without appearing disrespectful or confrontational.\nb. What ethical principles and methods should guide her actions while engaging with the community?\nc. How is menstruation related to human rights?","20","250"],[35,"a. मेधा द्वारा अपने गांव के समुदाय को असम्मानजनक या टकरावपूर्ण व्यवहार किए बिना संवेदनशील बनाने के लिए अपनाई जा सकने वाली कार्यवाही का सुझाव दीजिए।\nb. समुदाय के साथ जुड़ते समय उसके कार्यों को किन नैतिक सिद्धांतों और तरीकों से निर्देशित किया जाना चाहिए?\nc. मासिक धर्म मानव अधिकारों से किस प्रकार संबंधित है?","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[39,"Q.9 Gopal is an 80-year-old man living in a remote and an underdeveloped village in a Central Indian state. He had been residing in a small mud house for years. When he came to know about the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana–Gramin (PMAY-G), he saw a glimmer of hope for a pucca house in the last phase of his life. However, the village sarpanch and panchayat secretary told him that to be eligible under the scheme, he must first demolish his existing house so that during a site inspection, no structure would be visible at the location. Subsequently, Gopal demolished his shelter and began living under a babool tree. For nearly six months, he has been staying in the open, braving harsh weather conditions. During this time, he has repeatedly visited the panchayat office but has been told that his application cannot be processed as he lacks the necessary documents. You are the officer-in-charge of implementing PMAY-G in the district. The case of Gopal reaches you through a prominent newspaper report. You personally visit him to understand the situation on the ground. After meeting him and listening to his account, you feel that he certainly needs support. Your enquiries confirm that he is truly destitute and living in a pitiable condition under the open sky. It is also established that he demolished his house based on a faulty interpretation of the scheme by panchayat officials. However, he has no documents to show that he fulfils the eligibility criteria under the scheme. Now you are in a dilemma. Including him under the scheme without the necessary documents would clearly be a violation of rules. But denying him support would be cruel and inhuman.\na. Can you think of a rational way to resolve this dilemma?\nb. Give your reasons for it.\nc. What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?","20","250"],[43,"(c) Ethical issues involved in the case :\n(1) Justice vs following legal procedure\n(2) Compassion towards destitute vs iron law of oligarchy\n(3) Upholding integrity and transparency\n(4) Constitutional value of \"welfare\" State vs rules defined in legislation\n(5) Threat to public dignity due to ignorance of officials","",""],[44,"Q.10 You are working as an Assistant Section Officer in the District Development and Panchayat Office. One day, one of your close colleagues approaches you in deep distress. She tells you that her father is suffering from a severe liver condition, and the doctors have clearly stated that he must undergo liver transplant immediately in order to survive. She shares that she has no health insurance, and the surgery would cost around Rs 15 lakh. You are aware that her husband passed away a few years ago, and that she also has a four-year-old son with special needs. Just a few weeks ago, she also lost all her savings in a digital arrest scam. As a widow from a lower middle-class family, her options are extremely limited. Although you feel deeply empathetic, you are unable to offer financial assistance, as you do not have the resources to help.\nA few weeks later, you enquire about her father's health. She informs you that the liver transplant surgery was successful and that her father is now recovering steadily. Relieved, you ask how she managed to arrange the funds. Hesitantly, she confides that the District Development and Panchayat Officer (DDPO) helped her. Moved by her situation, the DDPO facilitated the release of Rs 15 lakh from the fund allocated to a rural sanitation scheme. The implementation of this scheme had been put on hold for a year due to technical issues and pending site approvals. She explains that the amount was provided on the assurance of strict confidentiality and with a commitment to repay it at the earliest. She expresses deep gratitude for the DDPO's timely help, which she believes saved her father's life. She has already begun repaying the money and will continue to do so until it is all returned.\na. Discuss the ethical issues involved in the case.\nb. Examine the behavior of DPDO from an ethical point of view.\nc. How would you react to the situation?","20","250"],[49,"Q.11) Nithin is the head of the Marketing Department at Pehnava Clothings Ltd., a reputed apparel manufacturing company with a strong global presence. Known for its professionalism and consistent performance, the company had earned a credible name in both domestic and international markets. However, the firm was going through difficult times. For three consecutive quarters, it had witnessed a steep decline in sales. This trend had raised serious concerns among the top management regarding the company's competitiveness, profitability, and long-term stability. To address the situation, the leadership decided to restructure the marketing division and bring in dynamic leadership. A senior marketing executive, Mr. A, was hired after a rigorous selection process. He had an impressive career record and was known for turning around sales performance in other firms and building strong brand identities. With high expectations placed upon him, Mr. A was seen as the key figure to steer the company out of crisis. Mr. A soon began delivering results. Within a year, the company's revenue had almost doubled, and its brand visibility had increased significantly. His bold marketing strategies, proactive outreach, and innovative campaigns received appreciation from various quarters within the company. His performance drew the attention of the top management. There were deliberations about assigning him a larger role within the company, with a focus on long-term business strategy. He was also being considered for an internal award for 'Excellence in Leadership and Innovation'. However, alongside professional success of Mr. A, Nithin began receiving troubling feedback about his conduct in the workplace. Informal reports indicated that he frequently made inappropriate comments about women. In addition, he regularly sent indecent messages via social media apps to all team members, including his female colleagues. Although no formal complaint was lodged initially, Nithin could sense tension within the team, and signs of discomfort were becoming increasingly apparent. Some employees even started avoiding direct interaction with Mr. A. Team morale and interpersonal trust were gradually eroding, but employees remained hesitant to speak openly. The matter escalated one evening when Mrs. X, one of Mr. A's team members approached Nithin. Visibly disturbed and emotionally shaken, she disclosed that Mr. A had repeatedly engaged in inappropriate behavior towards her. She added that Mr. A had been making undesirable advances towards her and had even tried to touch her inappropriately in his cabin. She urged Nithin to take appropriate action in the matter, or else she would have no option but to resign from her position.\na. Bring out the ethical issues involved in this case.\nb. What are the options available to Nithin?\nc. Critically examine each of the options identified by Nithin.\nd. Which of the options, do you think, would be more appropriate for Nithin to adopt and why?","20","20"],[50,"a. इस मामले में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों को स्पष्ट करें।\nb. नितिन के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं ?\nc. नितिन द्वारा पहचाने गए प्रत्येक विकल्प का आलोचनात्मक परीक्षण करें।\nd. नितिन के लिए कौन सा विकल्प अपनाना अधिक उपयुक्त होगा और क्यों?\na इस मामले में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों को स्पष्ट करें।\nb नितिन के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं ?\nc नितिन द्वारा पहचाने गए प्रत्येक विकल्प का आलोचनात्मक परीक्षण करें।\nd नितिन के लिए कौन सा विकल्प अपनाना अधिक उपयुक्त होगा और क्यों?","20 अंक","250 शब्द"],[55,"Q.12 You are appointed as an officer heading the Air Quality Compliance Division of the Environment Pollution Control Board in Delhi-NCR. The region is witnessing alarming levels of air pollution, which typically worsen during the winter months due to various meteorological and anthropogenic factors. The situation has led to severe public health concerns, particularly affecting vulnerable groups such as the elderly, children, and those with respiratory illnesses. The Supreme Court has also raised serious concern over the deteriorating air quality in Delhi-NCR and has directed the administration to take immediate and effective measures to control pollution, especially during the winter months. Your jurisdiction has a large number of small and medium-scale industries that were granted environmental clearance over the years. These industries form the backbone of the local economy and provide employment to a significant number of migrant workers. However, recent inspections and air quality monitoring reports indicate that a significant number of these units are operating in violation of prescribed air emission norms. As part of targeted measures to curb air pollution, you issued notices to all identified polluting units, directing them to apply for fresh environmental clearance certificates from the competent authority. However, your decision triggered strong opposition from a section of industrial units, labour unions, and local politicians. Industrial owners argued that such action would lead to production shutdowns, financial losses, and shortages of their products in the market. Labour unions and workers also protested, fearing mass unemployment and livelihood insecurity. Local politicians and vested interests accused you of jeopardising the socio-economic stability of the region. You received representations from various quarters urging you to withdraw the notices and not initiate harsh measures, citing the interests of multiple stakeholders. Additionally, you began receiving anonymous threats, aimed at coercing you into reversing your decision. On the other hand, several of your colleagues supported your stance, encouraging you to act in the larger public interest. Several local NGOs and environmental groups rallied behind your actions, demanding the immediate closure of polluting units.\na. Under the given conditions, what are the options available to you?\nb. Critically evaluate each of the options listed by you.\nc. What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by you?","20","250"]]},{"i":846,"t":"Ujjwal Priyank","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/57993-1501361_2931_ujjwal_priyank_rank_10.pdf","q":[[6,"1. (a) The end cannot justify the means, for the simple and obvious reason that the means employed determine the nature of the ends produced. Discuss with suitable examples.","10","150"],[8,"1. (b) Discuss how the relationship between law and ethics is dynamic and continuously shaped by societal changes. Provide examples to illustrate this dynamic relationship.","10","150"],[10,"2. (a) Differentiate between probity and integrity with suitable examples. How do these values contribute to ethical governance and decision-making in the civil services? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[12,"2. (b) Discuss the ethical implications of withholding information in public administration. How can transparency enhance accountability and reduce corruption in government institutions? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[14,"3 (a) What do each of the following quotations mean to you?\n(a) \"There is no school equal to a decent home and no teacher equal to a virtuous parent.\" - Mahatma Gandhi (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"3. (b) \"Everyone thinks of changing the world, but no one thinks of changing himself.\" - Leo Tolstoy (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[18,"3. (c) \"To see what is right and not do it is a lack of courage.\" – Confucius (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[20,"4. (a) What factors lead to a positive attitude in a person? How does positive attitude enhance the effectiveness of civil servants in performing their duties?","10","150"],[22,"4. (b) Discuss how emotional intelligence can influence ethical decision-making in the allocation of scarce public resources.","10","150"],[24,"5. (a) Various international humanitarian organizations provide emergency aid in conflict zones around the world. Highlight the ethical challenges faced by such organizations. What are the principles that guide international humanitarian work? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[26,"5. (b) Why is persuasion regarded as an important skill for civil servants? What are the key considerations that should guide persuasion in governance? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[28,"6. (a) What role can ethical leadership play in curbing corruption, especially in public service? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[30,"6. (b) What were the major teachings of Swami Dayanand Saraswati? Explain their relevance in addressing the current ethical and social challenges in India.","10","150"],[33,"(a) Discuss the ethical dilemma Karan faces in deciding whether to report the incident against Mariyam's wishes.\n(b) Evaluate the options available to Karan. Which of these options should he choose and why?\n(c) What responsibilities do organizations like XYZ Corp have in preventing and addressing sexual harassment and creating inclusive workplace environments? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[34,"(a) Ethical dilemma faced by Karan\n(1) Dignity of women v/s Future career\n(2) Integrity v/s Personal gains","",""],[38,"8 (a) शिक्षा विभाग के आयुक्त के रूप में जय के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं? इनमें से प्रत्येक विकल्प का मूल्यांकन कीजिए।\n(b) जय को कौन-सा विकल्प अपनाना चाहिए और क्यों?\n(c) जय जैसे सिविल सेवकों को अपने दायित्वों के निर्वहन में नैतिक मानकों को बनाए रखने के प्रयास के दौरान बेहतर सुरक्षा कैसे प्रदान की जा सकती है? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)\na) शिक्षा विभाग के आयुक्त के रूप में जय के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं? इनमें से प्रत्येक विकल्प का मूल्यांकन कीजिए।\nb) जय को कौन-सा विकल्प अपनाना चाहिए और क्यों?\nc) जय जैसे सिविल सेवकों को अपने दायित्वों के निर्वहन में नैतिक मानकों को बनाए रखने के प्रयास के दौरान बेहतर सुरक्षा कैसे प्रदान की जा सकती है? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250 शब्दों में"],[39,"(a) What are the options available to Jay as the Commissioner of the Education Department? Evaluate each of these options.\n(b) What option should Jay adopt and why?\n(c) How can civil servants like Jay be better protected when they attempt to uphold ethical standards in their work? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[43,"9 As the District Magistrate of X city, you are responsible for overseeing the construction of a new metro depot in an urban forest area, which is a critical infrastructure project aimed at improving public transportation and reducing traffic congestion and air pollution. The project, however, requires the clearance of a substantial portion of the forest, which has triggered strong opposition from environmental activists, local residents, and NGOs. This forest is widely regarded as essential for the city's ecological balance, often referred to as the city's \"lungs.\" In addition to the environmental concerns, you are under considerable pressure from politicians at the state-level to expedite the project, given the upcoming elections in two years. The political leadership emphasizes the benefits of the metro project for the city's development and its potential to garner electoral support. The project is expected to significantly reduce travel time for thousands of commuters and potentially decrease overall vehicle emissions in the city. However, it would also lead to the loss of thousands of trees and disrupt local ecosystems. As you prepare to make a decision, you are aware that your choice will have far-reaching consequences for both the city's development and its environment.\n(a) Identify the ethical dilemmas involved in the above case.\n(b) Evaluate the options available to you in the above situation. Which of these would you choose and why?\n(c) Suggest some measures that could be implemented to balance urban development needs with environmental conservation in future projects. (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[44,"(A) Ethical dilemmas involved in the case\n(i) Sustainable development v/s Infrastructure growth\n-> Construction of metro depot requires forest clearance.\n(ii) Political pressure v/s environmental degradation","",""],[47,"(c) Measures to balance urban development needs with conservation\n(i) Promote better lifestyle Eg Mission LIFE\n(ii) Transition to renewable sources of energy Eg Panchamrit goals\n(iii) Promote climate-smart agriculture Eg Organic farming","",""],[48,"10 (a) Identify the stakeholders in the above case study.\n(b) Discuss the ethical issues faced by Dr. Mehra.\n(c) Analyse the options available to Dr. Mehra in the above case. Which of these would you choose and why? (Answer in 250 words)\na) Identify the stakeholders in the above case study.\nb) Discuss the ethical issues faced by Dr. Mehra.\nc) Analyse the options available to Dr. Mehra in the above case. Which of these would you choose and why? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[50,"(c) Options available to Dr. Mehra\n(i) Continue with his discovery according to set standards.","",""],[53,"11. You have been appointed as the Under Secretary in the State Urban Development Department. The Department has been tasked with a prestigious project aimed at revitalizing the infrastructure of a city with deep historical significance. This project, which you are extremely passionate about, involves modernizing public transportation, restoring heritage buildings, and creating green spaces while preserving the city's cultural essence.\n\nExcited by the opportunity, you spent weeks researching and drafting a comprehensive proposal. Your plan included innovative ideas for sustainable development, community engagement, and leveraging technology for urban planning. You presented these initial plans in a departmental meeting, hoping to inspire your colleagues and kickstart the project.\n\nHowever, your enthusiasm was met with indifference. Your colleagues showed little interest, failing to contribute ideas or efforts towards the project. Concerned, you reported this lack of enthusiasm to your immediate superior, who is also the authority for this project. To your dismay,\n(a) इस प्रकरण में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\n(b) उपयुक्त कार्य संस्कृति कार्यस्थल पर मनोबल और उत्पादकता को किस प्रकार प्रभावित करती है?\n(c) आपके पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं और आप इस स्थिति का समाधान किस प्रकार करेंगे? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250"],[54,"(a) Discuss the ethical issues involved in this case.\n(b) How does the above-mentioned work culture affect workplace morale and productivity?\n(c) What are the options available to you and how would you address the situation? (Answer in 250 words)\na) Discuss the ethical issues involved in this case.\nb) How does the above-mentioned work culture affect workplace morale and productivity?\nc) What are the options available to you and how would you address the situation? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[58,"12 (a) उपयुक्त प्रकरण के आलोक में, कॉर्पोरेट, राजनीतिक और नौकरशाही के हितों के बीच गठजोड़ से उत्पन्न होने वाले नैतिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\n(b) एक कर्तव्यनिष्ठ सिविल सेवक के रूप में, अरुण के पास उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन कीजिए। उसे कौन-सा विकल्प चुनना चाहिए और क्यों? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)\na) उपयुक्त प्रकरण के आलोक में, कॉर्पोरेट, राजनीतिक और नौकरशाही के हितों के बीच गठजोड़ से उत्पन्न होने वाले नैतिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\nb) एक कर्तव्यनिष्ठ सिविल सेवक के रूप में, अरुण के पास उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन कीजिए। उसे कौन-सा विकल्प चुनना चाहिए और क्यों? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250 शब्दों में"],[59,"(a) In light of the above case, discuss the ethical issues that may arise from the nexus between corporate, political, and bureaucratic interests.\n(b) As a conscientious civil servant, evaluate the options available to Arun. Which option should he choose and why?(Answer in 250 words)","20","250"]]},{"i":847,"t":"Ujjwal Priyank","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/3f2f4-1501361_4513_ujjwal_priyank_rank_10.pdf","q":[[6,"1. (a) Compassion is the courageous choice to feel another's suffering as one's own, and to act upon it, even when silence is safer and indifference is easier. Examine the significance of compassion as an essential ethical value for civil servants in India. Illustrate your answer with suitable examples.","10","150"],[8,"1. (b) Marriages in India are transitioning from traditional sacramental unions to more autonomous relationships, reflected in live-in relationships and rising divorce rates. Discuss the ethical dimensions of these changes.","10","Answer in 150"],[10,"2. (a) While accountability often necessitates documentation, an overemphasis on bureaucratic procedures and excessive paperwork can inadvertently silence the very voices that public policy intends to empower, particularly at the grassroots. Examine the above statement with suitable illustrations.","10","150"],[12,"2. (b) The principle of impartiality may conflict with the need for compassion towards marginalized communities. Discuss in the context of civil services in India.","10","150"],[14,"3 (a) What do each of the following quotations mean to you?\n(a) \"The strength of a nation derives from the integrity of the home.\" - Confucius (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[15,"How to build a strong nation?","",""],[16,"3. (b) \"Act only according to that maxim through which you can at the same time will that it become a universal law.\" - Immanuel Kant (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[18,"3. (c) \"We are not only responsible for what we do, but also for what we fail to do\"- Molière. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[20,"4. (a) Patriotism encourages ethical questioning, while nationalism often suppresses it. Discuss this statement in light of the formation of political attitudes during high-pressure national events. How can individuals develop moral attitudes that balance national interest with ethical reasoning?","10","150"],[22,"4. (b) Discuss how employee well-being and fairness can be balanced with efficiency and profitability in private organisations.","10","150"],[24,"5. (a) Do you agree that excessive use of social media and emerging AI technologies may lead to a decline in emotional regulation and moral sensitivity among adolescents? Justify your answer.","10","150"],[26,"5. (b) In light of the increasing incidents of suicides among students in India, discuss how Emotional Intelligence (EI) can aid in managing stress and emotional challenges.","10","150"],[28,"6. (a) In public service, emotional intelligence is not about suppressing emotion, but mastering its purpose — to connect, to de-escalate, and to uplift others with empathy and strength. Do you agree with this view? Discuss.","10","150"],[30,"6. (b) An efficient work culture is built not only on rules, but on shared values. In this context, evaluate the role of leadership and team dynamics in transforming work culture within an organization.","10","150"],[32,"7 You are posted as the Joint Secretary in the Department of Information Technology of a state. The government recently implemented several citizen-centric digital services, collecting large volumes of personal data from residents. The Digital Personal Data Protection (DPDP) Act, 2023, requires that such data be processed only with explicit and informed consent, and mandates that processing must cease immediately upon withdrawal of consent.\n\nDuring an internal audit, you discover that the department continues to process and analyze personal data of several citizens even after they have formally withdrawn their consent. This data is being used for policy analytics and service improvement, purposes not explicitly disclosed at the time of data collection. When you bring this to the attention of your department head, you are informed that halting the processing will disrupt ongoing digital initiatives and may affect state-level performance metrics. Moreover, you find that the consent withdrawal process is cumbersome, and many citizens are unaware of their rights under the DPDP Act.\n\nYou also learn that a prominent social activist is planning to file a complaint with the Data Protection Board against involuntary use of personal data, which could attract public scrutiny and legal action against the department.\n(a) Identify and discuss the ethical issues involved in this case.\n(b) What are the potential consequences for the department if the issue is not addressed transparently?\n(c) How would you balance the need for efficient public service delivery with the obligation to protect citizens’ data rights? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[33,"(A) Ethical issues involved in this case\n1. Threat to privacy of citizen - Data breach\n2. Loss of public trust\n3. Against Categorical Imperative of Kant - Treating citizens as \"means\" instead of \"ends\" is wrong\n4. Gandhian sin of \"commerce without morality\" - Using data for service improvement","",""],[37,"8 You are an IAS officer, currently serving as the Secretary of the Public Works Department in a hill state. Recently, a disturbing incident has come to light involving a senior Cabinet Minister and two engineers of the National Highways Authority of India (NHAI). During an inspection of a critical highway project, the Minister was allegedly seen on video physically assaulting and verbally abusing the engineers in full public view. The video, recorded by bystanders, went viral on social media and was widely covered by television channels, sparking both outrage and support from different sections of society. The Minister later defended his actions, alleging that the officials were corrupt, unresponsive to local grievances, and responsible for inordinate delays in the project. He insisted that his actions were driven by public frustration and the urgency of delivering infrastructure to a remote region.\n\nHowever, the engineers have filed a police complaint and written to their superiors, claiming they were targeted for resisting political pressure to award contracts to specific local contractors linked to the Minister. As the situation escalated, a union of NHAI engineers declared a strike,\n(a) इस प्रकरण में शामिल प्रमुख नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं? हितधारकों और उनके परस्पर विरोधी हितों की पहचान कीजिए।\n(b) लोक निर्माण विभाग के सचिव के रूप में, आप उपयुक्त स्थिति में क्या कार्रवाई करेंगे?\n(c) ऐसी घटनाएं सिविल सेवकों के मनोबल और शासन में जनता के विश्वास को कैसे प्रभावित करती हैं? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250"],[38,"(a) What are the key ethical issues involved in this situation? Identify the stakeholders and their conflicting interests.\n(b) As the Secretary of the PWD, what actions will you take in above situation?\n(c) How do such incidents affect the morale of civil servants and public trust in governance? (Answer in 250 words)\na) What are the key ethical issues involved in this situation? Identify the stakeholders and their conflicting interests.\nb) As the Secretary of the PWD, what actions will you take in above situation?\nc) How do such incidents affect the morale of civil servants and public trust in governance?","20","250"],[42,"9. You are the Secretary in the Department of Personnel and Training (DoPT), Government of India. In recent years, an increasing number of civil servants, particularly younger officers from the IAS, IPS, and IRS, have begun maintaining personal YouTube channels and social media pages. On these platforms, they regularly post videos related to their official work — showcasing innovative projects, public outreach initiatives, inspection drives, and sometimes even day-to-day administrative duties.\n\nThese videos often receive widespread public attention, and many viewers express admiration, saying such content enhances transparency, motivates aspirants, and humanizes the bureaucracy. However, concerns have also emerged from various quarters. Senior officers argue that such content may blur the boundaries between personal branding and public service, while some citizens and media commentators point to instances where videos feature vulnerable beneficiaries without consent, raise concerns about misuse of official premises, or seem designed more for personal popularity than public accountability.\n(a) लोक सेवकों द्वारा अपने आधिकारिक कार्यों को सोशल मीडिया पर सार्वजनिक रूप से प्रदर्शित करने के कृत्यों में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों की पहचान कीजिए।\n(b) क्या ऐसी प्रवृत्तियां जागरूकता और प्रेरणा को प्रोत्साहित देती हैं या क्या ये अनामिता, तटस्थता और सामूहिक सेवा भावना के मूल्यों से समझौता करती हैं? अपना मत दीजिए।\n(c) सचिव के रूप में, लोक सेवकों की उत्तरदायी डिजिटल सहभागिता सुनिश्चित करने के लिए आप कौन-से मार्गदर्शक सिद्धांत और नीतिगत अनुशंसाएं सुझाएंगे? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250 शब्दों में"],[43,"You have been asked to prepare a report with recommendations to balance public interest, institutional integrity, and evolving modes of communication.\n(a) Identify the ethical issues involved in civil servants publicly showcasing their official work on social media.\n(b) Do such practices promote awareness and motivation, or do they compromise the values of anonymity, neutrality, and collective service ethos? Give your opinion.\n(c) As the Secretary, what guiding principles and policy recommendations would you suggest to ensure responsible digital engagement by civil servants? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[47,"10 You are the Director of the National Bioethics Commission who is responsible for assessing the ethical feasibility and oversight of a nationwide gene sequencing program. The project named GeneFuture, aims to sequence the DNA of every newborn child and store it in a centralized national database. The objective is to identify genetic predispositions to serious diseases early in life, allowing for preventive treatment and personalized medicine. Over 100,000 babies have already been enrolled in the pilot phase of the program. The government claims that this move is a landmark step in public health advancement.\n\nHowever, collection of newborn genetic data raises significant ethical concerns, particularly around informed consent, which may not fully capture parents' understanding of the long-term risks involved. Once gathered, this sensitive data could be misused for purposes such as surveillance, insurance discrimination, or commercial marketing by third parties. Uncertainty over data ownership—whether it lies with the state, parents, or the individual as they mature—further complicates the issue. The involvement of private tech and pharmaceutical companies heightens fears of commercial exploitation, especially in the absence of clear mechanisms for individuals to withdraw consent or delete their genetic information upon reaching adulthood.\n(a) What are the ethical issues you perceive in the implementation of the GeneFuture program?\n(b) Identify the conflicting interests of different stakeholders in this case.\n(c) What guiding ethical principles would you recommend for implementation of this project? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[51,"4) Ethical conduct of private companies\n- Utilisation of data for benefit sharing\n- Right to remove data upon the request of data owner","",""],[52,"11 You are a dedicated District Health Officer (DHO) with a strong commitment to evidence-based public health practices, recently assigned to a remote district in India. Your immediate and most critical task is to lead a crucial district-wide Measles-Rubella (MR) vaccination drive, aimed at achieving 100% immunization coverage among children aged 9 months to 15 years. The success of this drive is vital for the collective health of thousands of children and for the district's overall health indicators, especially with the impending monsoon season posing additional health challenges.\n\nHowever, in one of the largest and most traditional villages in your district, you encounter formidable resistance. The villagers, deeply influenced by the pronouncements of a revered local spiritual guru, strongly believe that vaccination is an attack on their souls and that traditional herbal remedies and spiritual blessings provide sufficient protection. This guru, who is actually a shrewd but misguided individual, publicly advises his followers to oppose vaccination. He cites some alleged 'failures' and ancient prophecies as examples. Despite widespread awareness campaigns, vaccination camps in the village have been almost completely boycotted. Your health workers, some of whom are locals and face social boycott or even physical threats, are struggling. The state health department is under intense pressure to meet vaccination targets and has warned that failure to do so will have serious consequences. The department has also instructed that no forceful measures be used as this may cause public unrest. Meanwhile, a large annual fair involving many villages and areas is about to be held. If this village remains unvaccinated, the spread of MR could pose an immediate and serious threat to the entire district and beyond.\n\n(a) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the above case.\n(b) What immediate alternatives do you have to peacefully resolve this resistance?\n(c) To counter the widespread impact of superstition and promote sustainable public health outcomes, what long-term strategies and systemic reforms would you suggest? (Answer in 250 words)\n(a) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the above case.\n(b) What immediate alternatives do you have to peacefully resolve this resistance?\n(c) To counter the widespread impact of superstition and promote sustainable public health outcomes, what long-term strategies and systemic reforms would you suggest? (250 words)","","250"],[53,"(a) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the above case.\n(b) What are the immediate options available to you to overcome this resistance?\n(c) What long-term strategies and systemic reforms would you suggest to address the pervasive influence of superstition and foster a scientific temperament for sustainable public health outcomes? (Answer in 250 words)\na) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the above case.\nb) What are the immediate options available to you to overcome this resistance?\nc) What long-term strategies and systemic reforms would you suggest to address the pervasive influence of superstition and foster a scientific temperament for sustainable public health outcomes?","20","250"],[55,"2) Give up the plan of immunisation","",""],[57,"12 You are a highly motivated and principle-driven Gram Panchayat Secretary, recently posted in a large and socio-economically diverse village in a remote district. Your immediate and most critical task is the meticulous verification of beneficiaries for the 'Gramin Awas Yojana' – a flagship state housing scheme aimed at providing 'pucca' (brick) houses to the genuinely impoverished and landless households. The scheme is under tight deadlines, with funds\n(a) आपके समक्ष विद्यमान संभावित प्रशासनिक और नैतिक दुविधाएं क्या हैं?\n(b) आपके लिए उपलब्ध सभी विकल्पों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\n(c) आप अपने निर्णय का नैतिक औचित्य सिद्ध करते हुए कौन-सी व्यापक कार्यवाही करेंगे? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250"],[58,"(a) What are the potential administrative and ethical dilemmas you face?\n(b) Discuss all options available to you.\n(c) What comprehensive course of action would you choose to adopt, providing ethical justification for your decision? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"]]},{"i":1054,"t":"Umaharathi","c":"Vision","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/10nYs5f7_e3hkGvU3qPhxiOXtlUu2TnM9/view","q":[[3,"1. (a) Do you think there has been a convergence of values between public and private sectors in the wake of increasing role of the private sector in public service delivery?","10","not more than 150"],[5,"1. (b) Giving examples of some social ills plaguing the society, discuss how social persuasion can be an effective technique to overcome them.","10",""],[7,"2. The grievance redressal mechanism is the gauge to measure efficiency and effectiveness as it provides important feedback on the working of the administration. In this context, answer the following questions:\n(a) Identify the issues which have created barriers for a responsive redressal mechanism.","10",""],[9,"2. (b) What steps should be taken by the government for increasing the effectiveness of grievance redressal mechanism?","10",""],[13,"3. (b) \"Not everybody can be famous, but everybody can be great because greatness is determined by service\" - Martin Luther King.","10",""],[15,"4. (a) Explain why superstitious beliefs and practices abound in India. In this context, discuss the importance of inculcating scientific temper to remove superstitions.","10",""],[17,"4. (b) Simply labelling people as liberal or conservative is to miss the point that an individual can have divergent views on different issues. Explain with examples.","10",""],[19,"5 (a) Anti-corruption measures need focus on both demand as well as supply side of corruption. Discuss in the light of prevalence of 'collusive corruption' in India.","10",""],[21,"5. (b) Identify the various traits of a healthy work culture for a bureaucracy in a modern society. Also, suggest ways in which a healthy work culture can be created in India to meet the objectives of good-governance.","10",""],[23,"6. Citizen's charters can be both a stimulus and a means for government to raise the standards of Public Service delivery. Discuss.","10",""],[25,"7. Attitude and behaviour are so closely interwoven that a change in one inevitably influences the other. Explain the statement with examples.","10",""],[27,"8. Emotional intelligence is an important parameter as one aspires to move up the ladder in a competitive environment. Discuss.","10",""],[29,"9 Rapid growth of information and communication technology, with all its benefits, has associated risks and far-reaching consequences. The government has constituted a committee to frame guidelines for an inclusive and safe cyberspace in India. The committee has solicited public opinion in this regard. As a concerned citizen, you have to give your suggestions on the following themes:\n(a) Why do you think some people or a set of people are more vulnerable to cyber threats with special emphasis on cyber-bullying.\n(b) Do you think the experiences and exposure in cyberspace are an important influence in a person's attitude and behaviour?\n(c) What reasonable restrictions can be applied to make cyberspace more safe and friendly to all citizens?","20","in around 250"],[34,"10. You are serving as the Public Health Officer in a district that is lagging behind in achieving the Open Defecation Free (ODF) status. Even after ensuring adequate access to water and sanitation services, their usage has not spread and the practice of open defecation continues in the district. Despite serious extension efforts by the government, safe hygienic practices have not been adopted by the people. As a result, various instances of bacteriological contamination and water-borne diseases have surfaced up recently. In such a scenario:\n(a) Examine the reasons behind low usage and adoption rates of built toilets in India?\n(b) Highlighting the principles to be kept in mind while preparing an effective Information, Education and Communication (IEC) strategy, design an action plan to address the problem.","20",""],[39,"11. You are the District Magistrate of a district that is known for making combustible substances such as match boxes and fire crackers. As per the The Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Amendment Act, 2016, employment of children in such hazardous activities is prohibited. In this regard, government has also released a notification that owners of these manufacturing units need to report on the profiles of their employees annually as child labour has been prevalent in these industries. These manufacturing units, abiding by the directives of the government, publish such reports annually and claim to have successfully put an end to employment of child labour. However, it has been brought to your notice that these companies are taking advantage of a loopholes in the law. They have been outsourcing their hiring to independent contractors who engage families in the business. The families have been continuing to use child labour to supplement their income and also keep the cost of labour competitive so as to bag more such contracts and since they are not officially on the payroll of the companies, they are absolved of the legal liabilities.\n(a) Identify the ethical issues in this case.\n(b) How would you approach the problem and what would be the main elements of your action?","20",""],[40,"a) The following are the ethical issues involved:\nII What condition are the parents forced to send their children to labour?","",""],[44,"12. You are working as a Block Development Officer (BDO) in a state and the Lok Sabha elections are around the corner. Two months prior to the elections, a mega rally of a leader from the political party ruling the state is being organized in the neighboring district. All BDOs have received an oral order from the Chief Development Officer directing them to make sure that five buses full of people from their block be sent to the rally. The only direction is to ensure maximum participation and make suitable arrangements in pursuit of the same. Given the situation, answer the following:\n(a) As a civil servant, what values should guide your response in such a situation?\n(b) Identify the various options that are available to you?\n(c) What course of action would you choose and why?","20",""],[49,"13. You are serving as a District Magistrate in a district, which is prone to recurrent droughts. The issue of scarcity of water is aggravating year by year. Even during the years of high rainfall, the district has witnessed severe shortage of water for agriculture purposes, mainly due to cultivation of water guzzling crops. It is evident that water scarcity is one of the main reasons for backwardness of the district. Recognising this, the state government decided to withdraw some incentives given for cultivation of such crops and incentivise a cropping pattern more suitable to the agro-climatic conditions of this region. However, anticipating worsening of their economic condition in such times, the farmers have taken to protesting on the streets. Despite such a well-intentioned move by the government, the farmers feel that response of the state administration has been anti-farmer and cruel. Given the situation, answer the following questions:\n(a) Do you think there is a real divergence between interests of the farmers of this district and the state?\n(b) What immediate steps should you advocate in the interests of farmers of the district?","20",""],[54,"14. Many Indian cities are facing a major problem of management of household waste. Huge volume of wastes has meant that landfill sites are facing the problem of overcapacity. On the other hand, the waste-to-energy plants constructed to solve the problem are also facing flak due to their inefficiency and release of poisonous pollutants. The manner of waste disposal by people is identified as one of the main reasons behind this problem. The government has notified rules regarding disposal, collection and treatment of waste and has initiated numerous awareness campaigns in the past. Still, the problem does not seem to be getting under control. Given such a situation, answer the following questions:\n(a) What do you think is the reason behind the apathy of people towards issues like waste disposal that affect the larger interests of society in general?\n(b) Identify the stakeholders and the significance of their involvement in addressing the issue.","20",""]]},{"i":1050,"t":"Umaharathi","c":"Lukmaanias","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1vhSkPM5unVfjWtj-O_RNSmRXJVK5DXiV/view","q":[[4,"Q1. (a) In what way does transparency make civil servants responsive and responsible and promote probity in public life? Explain with examples.","10","150"],[6,"Q1. (b) Accountability is an act of more a legal sanction rather a moral sanction. Comment.","10","150"],[8,"Q2. (a) What do you understand by ethics in governance? Explain with reasons why it has become important?","10","150"],[10,"Q2. (b) \"Conduct rules of civil services have failed to create an accountable civil service in India\". Critically examine.","10","150"],[12,"Q3. (a) Corporate governance alone may not be adequate enough to promote ethics in business unless it is backed by a culture of ethics in the business organizations. Comment.","10","150"],[14,"Q3. (b) Ethics in international relations doesn’t have established standards. Evaluate.","10","150"],[16,"Q4. (a) Define ethical dilemma in the context of civil services and analyze how conduct rules and conscience can work as a guide for overcoming ethical dilemmas faced by civil servants?","10","150"],[18,"Q4. (b) What do you mean by bureaucratic work culture? Discuss the appropriate and effective interventions to transform it into a professional work culture.","10","150"],[20,"Q5. (a) Corruption thrives due to bad politics. Do you agree with the statement? Argue with reference to the view that corruption can be eradicated only when there is good politics.","10","150"],[22,"Q5. (b) Why there are so much concerns about efficient utilization of public funds? Whether inefficient utilization and wastage of public resources are legal, procedural and institutional problem or a moral and an ethical problem. Examine the statement with relevant facts and examples.","10","150"],[24,"Q6. (a) Citizen's charter is not effective as it creates merely a moral obligation to public servants for its effective implementation. Critically examine.","10","150"],[26,"Q6. (b) What do you understand by 'shared humanity'? Why is modern civilization required to have shared humanity? Explain.","10","150"],[28,"Q6. (c) On the one hand, civil servants are expected to be neutral and anonymous and on the other hand, they are asked to be transparent, responsive and citizen-friendly. Do you think that both are contradictory to each other? Give justification to your view.","10","150"],[30,"Q7 A child marriage was performed in a classroom of a junior college in one of the district of a progressive state in India. The event came to light after a video of the ceremony was widely shared on various social media groups. After the incident, the girl's parents refused to allow her to return home. Also, the management of the junior college removed the names of the students from the rolls and gave them transfer certificates. Suppose you are the head of junior college, then:\na) What are the ethical issues involved in the given case?\nb) Discuss your course of action and give justification.","20","250"],[34,"Q8. Suppose you are the Sarpanch and belongs to the upper caste, then what will be your course of action to settle the issue and promote social harmony in the village?","20","250"],[38,"Q9. You are posted as an SDM in a tehsil. In your area, there are rumours that the stock of fertilizers would finish in some days and after some time, there would be no fertilizers for the upcoming cropping season. It is also being reported that there is nexus between the officers and local traders that has resulted into the shortage of fertilizer.\nAfter hearing the news, many farmers reach the block to purchase it and start queueing up. Although fertilizer providing officers continuously appeal to the people that there is no shortage of fertilizers, but farmers are not paying any attention to their appeals.\nDue to heavy rush, a farmer dies because of a heart attack. The death results into protest by the farmers. They blame the fertilizer providing officers for his death and the situation seems to go out of hand. When you reach the place, you see that protesters are very aggressive and demanding to file a murder case against fertilizer providing officers.\nIn this situation, what will be your response so that peace and order are maintained and farmers concerns are addressed? Also, give justification for your action.","20","250"],[42,"Q10. Suppose you are the health secretary, then\na) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the case.\nb) Do you think that government should pay the bill? Give reasons for your view.\nc) Discuss your health plan for dealing with such types of health-related cases in future so that the burden of health cost can be reduced.","20","250"],[46,"Q11. Suppose you are a senior doctor working in a government hospital of that city, then\na) Discuss the ethical dilemmas that you will face as per the situations mentioned in the case study.\nb) Do health service providers have the right to refuse to treat a COVID-19 positive patient, or do they have a professional duty to treat the patient, no matter how high the personal risk? Give justification to your view.","20","250"],[47,"a) Ethical dilemmas faced by a senior doctor\n1) Ensuring safety of myself and my family v/s treating patients and doing my duty at the cost of self (no protective gear) assured\n2) Advise the juniors v/s Ask them to take up duties to be safe\n3) Following my liberty and right to refuse service v/s Adhering to the government order and provide service","",""],[50,"Q12. As a responsible citizen of India, what are your views on the following?\na) What is the moral responsibility of the social media company that it has breached?\nb) Whether government regulation is the only effective solution. Give justification to your view.","20","250"]]},{"i":1051,"t":"Umaharathi","c":"Lukmaanias","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1kUhNZOLMOxNX1FFqQ3dFhnaEWMaeXTFx/view","q":[[4,"Q1. (a) A society cannot adhere to ethical standards if it doesn't have a culture of adherence to moral standards. Do you agree with the statement? Give justification.","10","150"],[6,"Q1. (b) The field of ethics is based on normative consideration of human nature. Comment.","10","150"],[8,"Q2. (a) \"Human is a social, political and ethical animal\" (Aristotle). Elaborate.","10","150"],[10,"Q2. (b) What do you understand by the three principles of Jainism philosophy: right knowledge, right faith and right conduct? How are they relevant for present society? Explain.","10","150"],[12,"Q3. (a) Critically examine the \"categorical imperative\" or the concept of absolute moral command as the ethical premise of Immanuel Kant philosophy.","10","150"],[14,"Q3. (b) Discuss the relevance of compassion and forgiveness as human values in present society. Why is forgiveness considered superior to punishment?","10","150"],[16,"Q4. (a) 'To overcome the contemporary issues in India, there is need of civic nationalism, anchored in the Constitution and liberal democratic institutions, a nationalism of belonging rather than of blood.' Elaborate.","10","150"],[18,"Q4. (b) \"Any change in the nation's trajectory always stems from its youth and their participation.\" In the light of this statement, explain the way in which youth can contribute to the nation-building process, especially India as a soft power and an egalitarian society.","10","150"],[20,"Q5. (a) 'Moral education includes norms that define socially responsible and considerate behaviour towards everyone including nature.' With reference to this statement, explain the role of schools in building courteous and mindful societies.","10","150"],[22,"Q5. (b) Values and attitudes are acquired and are at best nurtured through experiences. Illustrate and explain.","10","150"],[24,"Q6. (a) \"Always aim at complete harmony of thought, word and deed. Always aim at purifying your thoughts and everything will be well.\" - Mahatma Gandhi. Elaborate.","10","150"],[26,"Q6. (b) It is emotional intelligence and not intelligence quotient which has become essential for living a peaceful, happy and prosperous life. Examine","10","150"],[28,"Q6. (c) What do you understand by ethics in public and private relations? Analyse with examples whether they have reciprocal relations.","10","150"],[30,"Q7 Suppose you have been asked by one state government to suggest the appropriate actions and measures against such types of conduct so that peace and harmony in society is not disturbed, then\na) Discuss the ethical dilemma that you will face in the case study\nb) Do you think that cheering an opposite team amounts to anti-national behaviour, is a threat to peace and harmony and hence, legal action should be taken to set an example to discourage any such future conduct? Give justification to your view.","20","250"],[34,"Q8 A young environmental activist has posted on social media a message in support of the ongoing farmers protests. The post has been linked to a toolkit that appears to establish a link with a civil society organisation known for supporting Khalistan Movement. The police think that the toolkit encourages the farmers' agitation and tarnishes the image of India. She is detained by the police and is charged for sedition. She is kept under police custody for five days. However, the lower court gives bail to her after five days and the case is still pending.\nSuppose you were the concerned officer dealing with the case, then\na) Discuss the ethical issues in the case study\nb) What would be your courses of action once you come to know about the post on social media by the young activist? Also, give justification for your actions.","20","250"],[35,"9. What exactly is the post? How is it related to the Khalistan movement?","",""],[38,"Q9. a) केस स्टडी में नैतिक मुद्दों को चर्चा करें।\nb) क्या कानूनी प्रवर्तन पर जोर दिया जाना चाहिए या हमें लोगों को सुधारने और नशीली दवाओं की लत के खतरे से निपटने के लिए सामाजिक-मानसिक-नैतिक दृष्टिकोण अपनाने की आवश्यकता है? दोनों के गुण-अवगुण की चर्चा करें और औचित्य के साथ एक पक्ष लें कि सबसे उपयुक्त कार्रवाई कौन सी होगी?\na) केस स्टडी में नैतिक मुद्दों को चर्चा करें।\nb) क्या कानूनी प्रवर्तन पर जोर दिया जाना चाहिए या हमें लोगों को सुधारने और नशीली दवाओं की लत के खतरे से निपटने के लिए सामाजिक-मानसिक-नैतिक दृष्टिकोण अपनाने की आवश्यकता है? दोनों के गुण-अवगुण की चर्चा करें और औचित्य के साथ एक पक्ष लें कि सबसे उपयुक्त कार्रवाई कौन सी होगी?","",""],[39,"a) Discuss the ethical issues in the case study\nb) Should there be an emphasis on legal enforcement or do we need to adopt the socio-psychological-moral approach to reform people and tackle the drug-addiction menace? Discuss the pros and cons of both and take a stand with the justification that which one would be the most appropriate action? (250 words) 20","20","250"],[43,"Q10. मान लीजिए कि आप PM-JAY के प्रभावी क्रियान्वयन के लिए बनाई गई राज्य स्वास्थ्य एजेंसी के प्रमुख हैं, तो जिला स्तर पर क्या प्रभावी उपाय किए जाएंगे, जिससे न केवल जागरूकता बढ़े बल्कि पात्र लोगों द्वारा योजना का उपयोग भी किया जा सके?","",""],[44,"Suppose you are the head of the State Health Agency created for the effective implementation of the PM-JAY, then what effective measure will be taken at the district level so that not only awareness is increased but also the use of the scheme by eligible people?","20","250"],[47,"Q.11 a) कैसा स्टेटस में भेदभाव मुद्दों की चर्चा करें।\nb) जनजातीय लोगों को न्याय बहाल करने के लिए कार्रवाई की प्रक्रिया क्या होगी?\na) कैसा स्टेटस में भेदभाव मुद्दों की चर्चा करें।\nb) जनजातीय लोगों को न्याय बहाल करने के लिए कार्रवाई की प्रक्रिया क्या होगी?","",""],[48,"Suppose you are the District Magistrate of the district, then\na) Discuss the ethical issues in the case study\nb) What will be the course of action to restore justice to tribal people?","20","250"],[51,"Q12. Suppose you are the head of the employees union of the paper mills, then\na) Discuss the ethical issues in the case studies\nb) What are the options available to you? Select your option and explain the course of action with justification.","20","250"]]},{"i":1052,"t":"Umaharathi","c":"Lukmaanias","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1OBoNofGBt0wYMRJs4AjAB3up0yaaaAbC/view","q":[[4,"Q.1. (a) \"Ethics works as a binding force between law, morality, values, religion and social norms.\" Explain.","10","150"],[6,"Q.1. (b) Analyse whether the 'conditions of civil services' impose restrictions on the freedom of a civil servant to speak his mind as what he thinks is right and hence, a civil servant feels circumscribed in terms of not contributing as per the spirit of the constitution.","10","150"],[8,"Q.2. (a) \"Human values say that every course of action of society ought to be judged with an eye to the dictum \"Human beings are divine children.\" Discuss.","10","150"],[10,"Q.2. (b) In A Theory of Justice, John Rawls has introduced a universal system of fairness. He has advocated a system of governance that would be political, social, and economical in its effects. Explain.","10","150"],[12,"Q.3. (a) \"Patriotism is the exact opposite of nationalism. In saying 'our interests first, and who cares about the others', we erase what a nation has that's most important: its moral values.\" Examine.","10","150"],[14,"Q.3. (b) Those who have financial success but suffer from stress, anxiety, loneliness, and broken relationships need to build emotional harmony within for holistic success? Do you agree? Explain.","10","150"],[16,"Q.4 (a) \"Technology is, by definition, amoral. It is the intent that provides the missing link to ethics.\" In the light of the statement, analyse whether it is human, not Artificial Intelligence which is responsible for the threat to the survival of society.","10","150"],[18,"Q.4. (b) Explain with example why the character of a civil servant is considered as the most important virtue? Also, enumerate the challenges faced by civil servants in cultivating good character.","10","150"],[20,"Q.5. (a) How do citizens’ charter, RTI, social audit and e-governance influence probity in governance? If they have enhanced probity then does it mean there is the reduction in corruption and an increase in quality of services? Give justification to your view.","10","150"],[22,"Q.5. (b) \"It is not the strongest of the species that survives, nor the most intelligent that survives. It is the one that is the most adaptable to change.\" (Charles Darwin). Does this statement go against the principles of ethics? Explain.","10","150"],[24,"Q.6 (a) \"Sanitation is more important than independence.\" (Mahatma Gandhi). Explain the morality behind the statement and its relevance.","10","150"],[26,"Q.6. (b) Differentiate the following with examples\n(i) Ethical dilemma and ethical issues\n(ii) Natural justice and natural law\n(iii) Social capital and social ethics","10","150"],[28,"Q.6 (c) \"To be persuasive, we must be believable; to be believable we must be credible; to be credible we must be truthful.\" Comment in the light of the relevance of truth in the governance of the state.","10","150"],[30,"Q.7 Suppose you are an Income Tax Commissioner, then\na) Give your reaction to the above case study.\nb) In a situation of a business having some hundreds of crores liability and government concerns to ensure tax compliance, on the one hand, and on the other, the role of the government to create a business-friendly environment, what should have been the approach of the senior income tax (I-T) official towards the entrepreneur? Give reasons for justification.\nc) Do you have any innovative suggestions which should make the India tax administration discern between failure of business and businessmen?","20","250"],[34,"Q8 Suppose you are the head of the regional medical council and the matter has been referred to you, then\na) What are the ethical dilemmas in the above case?\nb) What will be your course of action? Justify with substantial reasons.","20","250"],[38,"Q.9 You are an honest, upright and sincere officer posted in the Social security Department. Because of this goodwill, you enjoy, the Director of the Department invited you to his home for dinner. Before the dinner during, a casual discussion, you come to know about that your senior also lives with his father, who was a great social worker. Out of curiosity, you asked to meet him. But you were told that his father is out of town for some work. When you discussed this with your colleagues, they told you that Director's father lives in an Old Age Home. You are in a state of disbelief. Your department is also the implementing agency of a law that specifies that if a Govt. employee ignores his or her parents, who do not have any means of income, then 10% of the employee's salary will be deducted by the government and paid to the parents.\na) Will you face any moral dilemmas while thinking of what to do as the course of action? Explain.\nb) Is there any ethical issue involved? Explain.\nc) What will be your courses of action, give justification?","20","250"],[39,"4 How a social worker is deprived of social justice.","",""],[42,"Q.10 In one state, it is found that there are discriminatory practices going on in schools on the basis of caste. These include inhuman practices such as the practice of students wearing caste band, students from oppressed castes being forced to clean toilets in schools by teachers and headmasters, Dalit students being made to sit on the back benches, parents opposing a Dalit cook in anganwadis. A report on the Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan's functioning in the State also confirmed discriminatory practices in schools. Such discrimination is affecting the enrolment of Dalit students in schools. You are BDO in one of the districts in the state where such practices are observed. The State government has issued a circular against discriminatory practices in schools.\na) What will be your approach to implement the circular effectively.\nb) Explain the socio-psychological factors responsible for such practices.","20","250"],[46,"Q11. You are faced with two choices: either fight against child labour or make sure the son is not allowed to work or turn a blind eye towards the issue. In this situation, what will be your response to the practice of child labour? (250 words)","20","250"],[50,"Q.12 You are a civil services aspirant preparing for the civil services examination for few years in Delhi. You are fully dependent on your parents' monetary support which they send every month. Since your parents were facing economic hardship, your father forged documents to become eligible for one government pension scheme for which he is not legally eligible.\nHe has shared this when he receives his first pension under the scheme. He is also very happy and satisfied as he feels a sigh of relief that now the economic burden will be relieved. He even motivates you for your upcoming CSE Mains which is going to just start after two months. Your father seems to be totally unaware that whatever he has done is unethical and unlawful. But he goes on sharing that how other people have done in the locality and it seems to be the norm.\nAfter hearing all this from your father, what should be your response? Give adequate reasons for justification.","20","250"]]},{"i":1053,"t":"Umaharathi","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1l_XLyFVmlTBTh1je2aZeWJwsTePBsq3q/view","q":[[3,"1. (a) Highlighting the attributes of leadership, analyse why it is important for a civil servant.","10","not more than 150"],[5,"1. (b) A civil servant needs to be objective as well as empathetic. What do you understand by objectivity? Discuss its relationship with empathy.","10",""],[7,"2. (a) With rapidly increasing use of information technology, what according to you is the role of ethics in cyber space?","10",""],[9,"2. (b) Transparency in government organisations is an essential pre-condition for good governance. Elucidate.","10",""],[11,"3 Given below are quotations of moral thinkers/philosophers. Bring out what they mean to you in the present context:\n(a) A nation should not be judged by how it treats its highest citizens, but its lowest ones. Nelson Mandela","10",""],[13,"3. (b) The highest education is that which does not merely give us information but makes our life in harmony with all existence. Rabindranath Tagore (10)","10",""],[15,"4. (a) For achieving success, attitude is equally, if not more important than ability. Discuss with the help of examples from your daily life.","10",""],[17,"4. (b) The core of high Emotional Intelligence is self-awareness. If you don't understand your own motivations and behaviours, it is nearly impossible to develop an understanding of others. Discuss with the help of appropriate examples.","10",""],[19,"5. (a) What do you understand by Integrity Pacts? Highlight the role they can play in bringing transparency in allotment of public contracts and ensuring proper utilization of public funds in India.","10",""],[21,"5. (b) In the context of rapid technological change, discuss the significance of inculcating moral and spiritual values in educational institutions.","10",""],[23,"6. Explain the main elements of integral humanism as propounded by Deen Dayal Upadhyay and highlight its contemporary relevance.","10",""],[25,"7. It is imperative for a country like India, that code of ethics should be implemented for civil servants on social media platforms as well. Discuss.","10",""],[27,"8. Discuss how effective corporate governance can ensure the equitable treatment of all stakeholders.","10",""],[29,"9. You are posted as the Superintendent of Police (SP) in a district of a state where alcohol prohibition has been imposed recently. The District Excise department has conducted many raids and seized liquor in large quantities, for which it has received state-wide public appreciation. A few months later reports surface in the media that in this district, hundreds of seized bottles of illicit liquor are missing from the government malkhanas or stores. As a result, the government is left red-faced. You are asked by the DM, who is the overall in-charge of the district excise setup, to investigate the matter. Upon investigation, you unearth a nexus of politicians and government officials who smuggled seized liquor and sold it through spurious means both inside and outside the state.\nIn this context, evaluate these options:\n1. Report your findings to the DM and seek instructions for further actions, stating clearly the criminal offences committed prima facie.\n2. Charge all accused under legal provisions and let the law take its own course.\n3. Being aware of the seriousness of the matter, discretely put the detailed investigation report in the public domain and expose the nexus.","20","in around 250"],[34,"10. You are posted as a District Magistrate in a Left Wing Extremism (LWE) affected district. The district has witnessed many instances of violence by the naxalites in the past. It has been observed that instances of violence increase as the elections approach. You, as a Returning Officer, are responsible for the smooth conduct of elections. Soon after the announcement of elections, the naxalites gave a call for their boycott and have been threatening people to stay away from them. The people of the district are eager to exercise their voting rights but are scared of the impending acts of violence. Further, with threat to their lives and a low expected turnout, the other electoral officers are also reluctant to go to these areas. In this context, answer the following:\n(a) Identify the civil service values that are crucial for working in such adversities.\n(b) Suggest a plan of action to ensure the conduct of free and fair elections in such a situation.","20",""],[39,"11. You are posted as a District Magistrate in a district, where many large factories and commercial establishments are located. One such factory is owned by one of your close friends. You visit each other's home frequently and are often seen in public together. Recently, media reported about poor working conditions in your friend's factory. Upon enquiry with the labor office, you come to know that the factory has witnessed frequent labour unrests in the past as well. However, the labour officer told you that he was hesitating to take any action due to your proximity with the owner of the factory. With reference to the facts of the case, answer the following questions:\n(a) Identifying the stakeholders and public cause, discuss the ethical issues involved in the case.\n(b) As the District Magistrate, what appropriate course of action will you take? Give reasons for the same.","20",""],[44,"12. You are a resident of a remote tribal district, where there is high incidence of malnutrition. As a remedial measure, the District Magistrate has initiated a programme to promote millet cultivation, especially on the lands currently lying fallow in the district.\nHowever, this well-intentioned move of the officer receives flak from the local tribals as this may not only change their age-old food habits but also alter their traditional agricultural practices. They further cite lower remunerative prices of millets as another reason for continuing with their existing crop production pattern.\nAs a civil servant aspirant, who has a keen interest in development of tribal areas, answer the following questions:\n(a) What according to you are the key issues and challenges involved in the above situation?\n(b) Identify the key stakeholders and their respective interests.\n(c) Suggest a course of action that the District Magistrate can take keeping in mind the larger tribal interests.","20",""],[49,"13. You have recently been posted as a District Labour Officer in a state, which derives a substantial revenue from tourism. You come to know that a big hotel in the area has not been paying wages as per the Minimum Wages Act. The hotel owner is a powerful local leader having contacts with many influential officials of the state. You have the power to take sou-moto cognizance of such violations and accordingly you initiate a preliminary enquiry into the matter. However, no worker is willing to come forward to lodge a formal complaint because they fear loss of employment. Meanwhile, your action has attracted notice of the higher authorities, and you are advised to drop the matter altogether. You are deeply concerned about the situation as it involves not only violation of the Minimum Wages Act but also denial of basic human rights of the worker.\n(a) Identify the issues involved in the given case.\n(b) Consider the options given below:\n1. Follow the informal advise of the higher authorities.\n2. Convince the owner of the hotel to take note of these violations and take appropriate remedial measures.\n3. Submit a detailed report on the matter highlighting violations of workers' rights and seek formal directions from the competent authority.\n4. Serve a notice to the hotel owner and initiate action as per your powers under the Minimum Wages Act.","20",""],[50,"4. होटल स्वामी को नोटिस जारी करेंगे और न्यूनतम मजदूरी अधिनियम के अंतर्गत अपनी शक्तियों के अनुसार कार्यवाही करेंगे। इनमें से प्रत्येक विकल्प के गुणों और दोषों का मूल्यांकन कीजिए तथा कारण प्रस्तुत करते हुए अपनी पसंद की कार्यवाही का सुझाव दीजिए।","",""],[54,"14. You are the Chairman of a Committee, constituted by the government, to suggest measures to improve the quality of education in state-run schools. In view of the increasing dropout rate and the widening gap between students' learning ability in state-run and private schools, answer the following questions:\n(a) Examine the role of government in the education sector, especially providing primary and secondary education through state-run schools.\n(b) Identify the principles and values that would guide your recommendations in this regard.\n(c) Suggest some ways in which quality of education in state-run schools can be improved.","20",""]]},{"i":1055,"t":"Umaharathi","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/18Ns0m-hldCHPM7O8fz9sgoaLWNuw38WI/view","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) \"Ethics is not just a contemplative discipline. What we believe to be good or bad has implications on our actions.\" Discuss how different schools of ethics help us in making moral decisions.","10","150"],[5,"b) While one group considers abortion as unmitigated evil, the other sees it as morally acceptable. Analyse various ethical concerns related to abortion and give your opinion on the issue.","10","150"],[6,"Ethical concerns with abortion\n1 Does the foetus not enjoy right to life? Where do we draw the line of sentence?\n2 Emotional investment of father in the unborn child - should he not have a say?\n3 Sanctity of marriage, family and therefore society at stake.\n4 Most religions object because it is ultimately killing a life which is unethical.","",""],[7,"2) a) What lessons can be learnt from the life of Mahatma Gandhi for promoting social harmony in today's times?","10","150"],[9,"b) What is Kant's categorical imperative? How does it compare with the doctrine of Nishkama Karma?","10 marks, 150","10"],[11,"3. a) Emotional intelligence (EI) not only helps in managing stress but also transforms distress into eustress. Elaborate with relevant examples.","10","150"],[13,"b) Differentiate between the following:\ni. Gratitude and Gratification\nii. Moral myopia vs Moral muteness","10","150"],[15,"Although attitude and behaviour are interrelated, the former is a predisposition while the latter is an option. Discuss the structure of attitude and explain the relationship between attitude and behaviour.","10","150"],[17,"b) Greed is a bottomless pit which is harmful not only for self but for the entire society. Discuss. How can such negative desires be controlled?","10","150"],[19,"Q.5 What does each of the following quotation mean to you?\na) A man can give up a right, but he may not give up a duty without being guilty of a grave dereliction.","10","150"],[21,"b) Justice without force is futile, force without justice is tyrannical.","10","150"],[23,"Q.6. a) Success may not lead you to happiness, but happiness is definitely the key to success. Discuss this statement based on your understanding of happiness and success.","10","150"],[25,"b) \"To delight in war is a merit in the soldier, a dangerous quality in the captain, and a positive crime in the statesman.\" - George Santayana. Can war be ethically justified? Discuss the moral principles related to war.","10","150"],[26,"c) Education is the kindling of a flame, not the filling of a vessel. What do you understand by this statement? In your opinion, which five values should Indian education system inculcate in every student? Justify your choice.","10","150"],[28,"Q.7 Based on this case study, answer the following:\na) Identify various ethical issues involved in this incident.\nb) In your opinion, whether vaccine mandates are a violation of individual liberty or a reasonable restriction on personal freedom. Justify.\nc) Discuss the ethical responsibility of famous personalities while conducting themselves in public.","20","250"],[33,"Q.8) You have recently started working at your dream company. You have hired in the strategies department along with two other new joiners. All of you have just graduated out of college. You have very friendly relations with co-joiners. The three of you have been helping each other at work. The experience of working together has built strong camaraderie between the three of you. Your boss has publicly appreciated the strong team-spirit displayed by you and your colleagues.\nAt the annual review, you have been given a higher pay raise, and a more lucrative job profile. The promotion doesn't come as a surprise to you. You have worked beyond office hours more as a rule rather than as an exception. The project you worked at was adjudged 'the best project of the year in business impact' at the annual corporate awards. One of your co-joiners remarks, in presumably good humor, that you should suggest to your boss to allocate similar high impact projects to your friends as well. You also perceive suggestions towards the shared surname being the reason for special affinity of your boss towards you, indicating at the fact that your boss and you have the same caste. You feel hurt but you also try to think about the remarks with an open mind. You assess that the three of you have indeed worked hard with sincerity. One of your friends, in fact, worked very efficiently despite a personal tragedy at home. There was already a salary differential between you and your colleagues based on the pedigree of your college. The higher pay raise to you has expanded the differential pay structure further. You always considered the initial pay differential to be against the principle of equal pay for equal work. But now you feel your friends may not have been given equal opportunities as well.\na) You are inclined to the belief that efforts and talent of your colleagues have been under-appreciated and you start feeling guilty about your promotion.\nb) Based on the given information, discuss the options that are available to you for addressing the guilt. What are the merits and demerits of those choices? Which option would you choose? Justify.","20","250"],[34,"b) दी गई जानकारी के आधार पर, अपराध-बोध को दूर करने के लिए आपके पास उपलब्ध विकल्पों पर चर्चा करें। उन विकल्पों के गुण और दोष क्या हैं? आप कौन सा विकल्प चुनेंगे? औचित्य सिद्ध कीजिए।","20 अंक","250 शब्द"],[38,"Q.9 Kailash is a climate conscious and responsible citizen. Kailash left his well-paying job as a senior manager in a multinational company and started a small firm that manufactures eco-friendly products. The motto of his company is \"zero wastage and green for welfare\". His firm makes biodegradable polymer which can be used as an alternative to plastic bags, bottles, plates etc. Kailash thinks that this will promote a healthier environment and will have a positive impact on people's health. It will also help address the problem of climate change by reducing one's carbon footprint. For this to be achieved, he believes that not just products, but the process too should be less polluting. This is why, he invested heavily in non-polluting machinery. These machines are certified as \"green machines\". In fact, some of them were even imported from other countries. All of this has gained him a good reputation in the eyes of critics and environmentalists. But as the technology used in manufacturing these products is new, imported and expensive, the products made by Kailash's firm is costlier than conventional plastic products.\n\nKailash has proved that his product is environmentally benign, but he was unable to scale up production because of he ran out of funds. Kailash knows that if he could start manufacturing the polymer at a large scale and leverage economies of scale his product would become more price competitive to conventional plastics. Kailash used last of his funds to publicize his product. Kailash thought that with this publicity, raising funds from the market would be easy.\n\nKailash reached out to many investors, and they showed great interest in Kailash's product. But none of them were willing to invest money in this product. They feared that this new product, being much expensive, would not be able to compete with the conventional plastic products. Kailash's firm is also losing his existing customer who complain about very high cost of his products. Both Kailash's prospective investors and past customers know that this technology is less polluting and environmentally benign and has a positive attitude towards it. But consumer concern and attitude about the environment does not readily translate into the purchase of environmentally friendly products. Academic research has also identified this gap between purchase intentions and behaviors.\n\nKailash knows that if he changes the production procedure, things can look better for the company on the financial front, but that can take away his reputation and will also be against his own beliefs. The only possible hope is to expand his consumer base, sell his products at full capacity and convince investors to invest in his eco-friendly venture to keep his green industry running.\n\nConsider yourself in Kailash's position and answer the following questions:\na) How will you induce behavioral change to nudge people to move towards eco-friendly products?\nb) What factors will you have to consider while inspiring such a change?","20","20"],[39,"a) आप लोगों को पर्यावरण अनुकूल उत्पादों की ओर बढ़ने हेतु प्रेरित करने के लिए व्यवहार परिवर्तन को कैसे प्रेरित करेंगे?  \nb) इस तरह के बदलाव को प्रेरित करते समय आपको किन कारकों पर विचार करना होगा?\na) आप लोगों को पर्यावरण अनुकूल उत्पादों की ओर बढ़ने हेतु प्रेरित करने के लिए व्यवहार परिवर्तन को कैसे प्रेरित करेंगे?\nb) इस तरह के बदलाव को प्रेरित करते समय आपको किन कारकों पर विचार करना होगा?","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[43,"Q.10 Ashmita is a respected doctor who runs her own maternity clinic in a small town. She is a mother of two and her husband is also a doctor. Ashmita handles multiple cases of child delivery every day and is known for her compassionate treatment of patients. Her clinic enjoy a good reputation in town.\n\nAmong other expecting mothers, Shikha, daughter-in-law of an MLA, was admitted to Ashmita's maternity clinic for child birth. The MLA met Ashmita and expressed his confidence in her skills. He requested her to personally take extra care of Shikha, to which Ashmita agreed happily. Shikha unexpectedly went into labour in the early hours the next day. During this time, Ashmita was performing an emergency surgery on another patient, so she could not attend to Shikha. Shikha was taken care of by other qualified doctors and hospital staff. The MLA was visibly unhappy that Ashmita did not attend Shikha herself. Once the emergency surgery was completed, Ashmita joined her staff and attended Shikha. However, Shikha passed away due to excess bleeding from Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) during childbirth. Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is unpredictable heavy bleeding and Ashmita did everything that she could have done to try to save Shikha's life.\n\nThe MLA blamed Ashmita for Shikha's death. Ashmita was beaten by the MLA and his staff. When her husband tried to save Ashmita, he was dragged out of the hospital and thrashed. A police complaint was also lodged against Ashmita accusing her of murder due to negligence. For many days after the incident, she and her family faced constant harassment by police and supporters of the MLA. Ultimately, Ashmita could not take any more humiliation and committed suicide. The news of suicide by the doctor spread like wildfire. Indian Medical Association took cognizance of the case and warned nationwide strike of doctors if appropriate actions in this case were not taken.\n\nThe state government has appointed a committee to investigate the matter and recommend suitable actions. You are the Chairperson of this committee. In this scenario, answer the following:\na) Why do doctors face violence in the country?\nb) Identify various moral-ethical and administrative lapses in this case.\nc) What would you recommend in this case? Give rationale behind giving those recommendations.","20","250"],[44,"a) देश में डॉक्टरों को हिंसा का सामना क्यों करना पड़ता है?\nb) इस मामले में विभिन्न नैतिक-नीति विषयक और प्रशासनिक खामियों की पहचान करें।\nc) इस मामले में आप क्या सुझाव देंगे? उन सिफारिशों को देने के पीछे तर्क दीजिए।","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[48,"Q.11 Bhuvan-ultra is a famous real estate developer engaged mostly in housing projects. It has a very good track record of timely delivery of housing projects and enjoys a high level of trust among buyers. One of the ongoing projects of Bhuvan-ultra is a housing project with six residential towers. The construction has been in full swing for the last four years. Given the good record of the builder, all the flats have already been sold. Four out of six towers are complete and people have started living in these towers. Two other towers are near completion and it is expected that these would be ready in the next few months.\n\nSatish lives in a rented house and he daily crosses through this project on his commute to office. Satish always wanted to buy a flat in one of these towers. One day while reading the newspaper Satish came across a news article on the ongoing project of Bhuvan-ultra. Through the news article, he came to know that Bhuvan-ultra had permission to construct only four towers and it has illegally constructed two more towers in the project. The two illegal towers were standing on ground which was supposed to be a wetland. The entire conundrum points toward massive corruption and negligence by state development authorities. The matter went into the court and the court has ordered demolition of the two illegal towers. However, as the two illegal towers lie in close proximity with the other four legally constructed and inhabited towers, demolishing them is not only expensive but also a risky affair. Further, as all the six towers share a common basement, demolition of two towers can have implications for structural integrity of other four towers. Satish sits there thinking about the pain of the people who have invested their life's savings in the project and questioning whether he should ever invest in a residential property. He is also questioning himself whether demolition of a residential apartments in a country where lakhs of people are homeless, is justified or not. On the basis of above case study, answer the following:\na) Identify various ethical dilemmas involved in this case study.\nb) What can be the other options to achieve justice in the given case, apart from demolition of the illegal towers? Evaluate each of these options and suggest the most suitable option.","20","250"],[49,"किया है और सवाल किया है कि क्या उन्हें कभी आवासीय संपत्ति में निवेश करना चाहिए। वह खुद से यह भी सवाल कर रहे हैं कि जिस देश में लाखों लोग बेघर हैं, वहां आवासीय अपार्टमेंट को गिराना जायज है या नहीं। उपरोक्‍त केस स्टडी के आधार पर, निम्नलिखित उत्तर दें :\nअ) इस केस स्टडी में शामिल विभिन्न नैतिक दुविधाओं की पहचान करें।\nब) इस मामले में न्याय प्राप्त करने के लिए अवैध टावरों को गिराने के अलावा और क्या विकल्प हो सकते हैं? इनमें से प्रत्येक विकल्प का मूल्यांकन करें और सबसे उपयुक्त विकल्प सुझाएं। (20 अंक, 250 शब्द)","20 अंक","250 शब्द"],[51,"III A follow occupation of tower with adequate environmental compensation","",""],[53,"Q.12 Universal Sisterhood of Dreams,(USD) is an NGO run by Ms. Anuradha Sen, a popular celebrity. The NGO champions the cause of woman and child rights including issues like trafficking of women and children, bonded labor, child labor, underpaid forced labor etc. USD has won multiple awards for running a shelter and a rehabilitation programme for victims of human trafficking. Due to the good work and direct involvement of a famous personality like Ms. Anuradha, USD receives substantial donations from corporate houses and philanthropists.\n\nMs. Anuradha also owns a clothing brand 'Sensation' and uses the profits from Sensation for funding USD. The manufacturing of the merchandise sold under the brand has been outsourced to a thirdparty vendor located in a country named Taba. Taba is an under-developed country with weak labor protection laws. The textile industry in Taba is infamous for sweatshops. In these sweatshops working conditions are miserable, labors are paid meager wages for long working hours, child labor and bonded labor is rampant and workplace safety is absent resulting in frequent industrial accidents. Recently, there was a huge fire in a textile factory manufacturing goods for Sensation. Seventeen people including nine children were killed in this fire. After the industrial accident, the issue of exploitation of laborers in Taba became a matter of global debate.\n\nSensation is facing heat and bad publicity on social media because of the use of sweatshops for manufacturing of its products. Ms. Anuradha and even her NGO USD are becoming victims of online trolls. This entire fiasco has negatively impacted the image of her NGO. Many former donors and philanthropists have preferred to disassociate themselves from the USD resulting in fund shortage in the NGO.\n\nMs. Anuradha discusses the entire situation with her financial and legal team. Her legal team tells her that all the relevant laws in Taba were followed by her contractor and the wage paid by it was above the minimum wages prescribed by law. Sensation has done nothing illegal and has no legal liability in this case. But Ms. Anuradha decided that she will ensure that her contractors are paying adequate wages and providing good working conditions to their employees. This can help in not only rebuilding her own reputation and image of USD but also re-attract donors. However, her financial team advises her against this move as it will involve substantial cost for the company. This can lead to a profitable brand turning into a loss-making brand. Further, it will also negatively impact the finances for USD which is already facing a resource crunch. Lack of resources can lead to closure of the shelter home and rehabilitation programme run by her NGO. Now, Ms. Anuradha is in a dilemma about her future course of action.\na) Bring out and discuss various ethical dilemmas faced by Ms. Anuradha in this case.\nb) If you were in her position, how would you approach the problem and what would be your course of action? Justify your choices.","20","250"]]},{"i":0,"t":"Unknown","c":"","p":"Other","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/0c5d8a271baa8365b53b9742105dcf10/15/pttp220870_tc063.pdf","q":[[1,"Q.4 In struggling with misfortune lies the true proof of virtue.","",""],[13,"Q.7 Reality is the shadow of ideas.","",""]]},{"i":1,"t":"Unknown","c":"","p":"Other","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/17ef4fb3aefb378e39a7d318fca39819/40/pttp220127_tc061.pdf","q":[[1,"2. The opposite of poverty is not wealth","",""],[12,"7 There is more to life than simply increasing its speed.","",""]]},{"i":2,"t":"Unknown","c":"","p":"Other","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/17ef4fb3aefb378e39a7d318fca39819/59/ecfc23l1020_tc031.pdf","q":[[1,"Q.1 If you look into someone's face long enough, eventually you feel that you are looking into yourself.\nQ.2 We can easily forgive a child who is afraid of the dark; the real tragedy of life is when men are afraid of the light.\nQ.3 It is the province of knowledge to speak and it is the privilege of wisdom to listen.\nQ.4 Drop the question what tomorrow may bring, and count as profit every day that fate allows you.","",""],[9,"Q.7 Only the dead have seen the end of the war.","",""]]},{"i":3,"t":"Unknown","c":"","p":"Other","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/17ef4fb3aefb378e39a7d318fca39819/60/ecfc23l1020_tc034.pdf","q":[[1,"Q.1 You can't serve data on a hungry man's plate.\nQ.2 AI is overcoming our mental limitation but not expanding our mental horizon.\nQ.3 We are using environment for politics, not politics for environment.\nQ.4 The worst form of inequality is to try to make unequal things equal.","",""],[4,"So, is there a way to synergize both goals? Can data be used to serve the poor and needy instead of being monopolized by the well-off?","",""],[12,"Q.6 If the truth shall kill them, let them die.","",""],[13,"What is truth?","",""],[16,"However, is it always worth dying for the truth? Are there times when truth need not be told for the greater good?","",""]]},{"i":4,"t":"Unknown","c":"","p":"Other","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/17ef4fb3aefb378e39a7d318fca39819/63/pttp220359_tc061.pdf","q":[[8,"Now having discussed of the necessity to forgive not just for the reformation of other but also for peace of oneself - it becomes necessary to visualise how this act of forgiveness helps?","",""]]},{"i":5,"t":"Unknown","c":"","p":"Other","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/17ef4fb3aefb378e39a7d318fca39819/64/pttp220359_tc062.pdf","q":[[1,"Q.1 If you look into someone's face long enough, eventually you feel that you are looking into yourself.\nQ.2 We can easily forgive a child who is afraid of the dark; the real tragedy of life is when men are afraid of the light.\nQ.3 It is the province of knowledge to speak and it is the privilege of wisdom to listen.\nQ.4 Drop the question what tomorrow may bring, and count as profit every day that fate allows you.","",""],[12,"Q.7 Only the dead have seen the end of the war.","",""]]},{"i":6,"t":"Unknown","c":"","p":"Other","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/17ef4fb3aefb378e39a7d318fca39819/65/pttp220359_tc063.pdf","q":[[1,"Q.4 In struggling with misfortune lies the true proof of virtue.","",""],[12,"Q.5 The whole purpose of Education is to turn mirrors into windows.\nQ.6 To dwell is to garden.\nQ.7 Reality is the shadow of ideas.\nQ.8 We can not despair of humanity, since we ourselves are human beings.","",""]]},{"i":7,"t":"Unknown","c":"","p":"Other","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/17ef4fb3aefb378e39a7d318fca39819/76/mt23macen007_tc062.pdf","q":[[1,"Q.1 If you look into someone's face long enough, eventually you feel that you are looking into yourself.","",""],[13,"Q.5 Truth, like a torch, the more it is shook, it shines.\nQ.6 Art is I; science is We.\nQ.7 Only the dead have seen the end of the war.\nQ.8 Act as if it were impossible to fail.","",""],[21,"Then can it be said that it is okay to fail?","",""]]},{"i":8,"t":"Unknown","c":"","p":"Other","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/17ef4fb3aefb378e39a7d318fca39819/77/mt23macen007_tc063.pdf","q":[[1,"Q.1 Little strokes fell great oaks.","",""],[5,"Having discussed about what kind of little step do we need - we will now discuss why do we need to take little strokes?","",""],[12,"Q.7 Reality is the shadow of ideas.","",""],[17,"Having discussed the role of ideas shaping reality now one should think is reality just a shadow of ideas? OR its much beyond that?","",""],[26,"14 How to get the courage again ?","",""]]},{"i":9,"t":"Unknown","c":"","p":"Other","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/17ef4fb3aefb378e39a7d318fca39819/78/pttp220297_tc061.pdf","q":[[1,"Q.4 A man who wants to lead the orchestra must turn his back on the crowd.","",""],[10,"What is the result?\n How can the lead improve the orchestra without looking at the crowd?","",""],[13,"Q5 International Trade is a good indicator of National Security.","",""]]},{"i":10,"t":"Unknown","c":"","p":"Other","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/17ef4fb3aefb378e39a7d318fca39819/79/pttp220297_tc062.pdf","q":[[1,"Q.1 If you look into someone's face long enough, eventually you feel that you are looking into yourself.","",""],[9,"How did it become the giant as it is today?\n How did it become the giant as it is today?\n How can we ensure we run behind light as the founders of Amazon did?","",""],[13,"Q.5 Truth, like a torch, the more it is shook, it shines.","",""],[14,"What happens when the torch is shaken?","",""],[19,"What was the result?","",""],[21,"What is required for truth to continue burning like an eternal torch?","",""]]},{"i":11,"t":"Unknown","c":"","p":"Other","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/17ef4fb3aefb378e39a7d318fca39819/80/pttp220297_tc063.pdf","q":[[1,"Q.2 Judge a man by his questions rather than his answers.","",""],[13,"Q.5 The whole purpose of Education is to turn mirrors into windows.","",""]]},{"i":12,"t":"Unknown","c":"","p":"Other","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/48f94f4c58dc4d501f6f42102607e751/20/pttp221279_tc061.pdf","q":[[1,"Q.3 To forgive is to set a prisoner free and to discover that the prisoner was you.","",""],[12,"Q.5 International Trade is a good indicator of National Security.","",""]]},{"i":13,"t":"Unknown","c":"","p":"Other","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/48f94f4c58dc4d501f6f42102607e751/21/pttp221279_tc062.pdf","q":[[1,"Q.1 If you look into someone's face long enough, eventually you feel that you are looking into yourself.\nQ.2 We can easily forgive a child who is afraid of the dark; the real tragedy of life is when men are afraid of the light.\nQ.3 It is the province of knowledge to speak and it is the privilege of wisdom to listen.\nQ.4 Drop the question what tomorrow may bring, and count as profit every day that fate allows you.","",""],[2,"Drop a question what-torms may bring and count as proof pl- everyday fate allows.","",""],[13,"Q.5 Truth, like a torch, the more it is shook, it shines.\nQ.6 Art is I; science is We.\nQ.7 Only the dead have seen the end of the war.\nQ.8 Act as if it were impossible to fail.","",""]]},{"i":14,"t":"Unknown","c":"","p":"Other","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/48f94f4c58dc4d501f6f42102607e751/22/pttp221279_tc063.pdf","q":[[1,"Q.1 Little strokes fell great oaks.","",""],[11,"Q.5 The whole purpose of Education is to turn mirrors into windows.","",""]]},{"i":15,"t":"Unknown","c":"","p":"Other","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/65d93cae1265db5ffeffd2e87a3f6506/18/pttp220137_tc061.pdf","q":[[1,"Q.1 Reason has always existed, but not always in a reasonable form.","",""],[4,"What is poverty made up of?\n let us discuss what are those dimensions?","",""],[6,"POVERTY AND WEALTH CONVERGENCE OR DIVERGENCE?","",""],[10,"Does wealth matters?","",""],[13,"Q.5 International Trade is a good indicator of National Security.\nQ.6 It is not that we use technology, we live technology.\nQ.7 There is more to life than simply increasing its speed.\nQ.8 Nature is neither a servant nor a master, but a necessary partner.","",""],[15,"Why nature matters?","",""],[19,"Nature as a Master ?","",""]]},{"i":16,"t":"Unknown","c":"","p":"Other","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/65d93cae1265db5ffeffd2e87a3f6506/19/pttp220137_tc062.pdf","q":[[13,"Q.5 Truth, like a torch, the more it is shook, it shines.\nQ.6 Art is I: science is We.\nQ.7 Only the dead have seen the end of the war.\nQ.8 Act as if it were impossible to fail.","",""],[14,"Above two cases call for a careful analysis about what is actually failure? what is the relationship between action and success? what actions can lead to failure? Is success always guaranteed? and what can be done about it?","",""]]},{"i":17,"t":"Unknown","c":"","p":"Other","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/65d93cae1265db5ffeffd2e87a3f6506/4/pttp220370_tc061.pdf","q":[[1,"Q.2 The opposite of poverty is not wealth.","",""],[3,"What it means to be poor?","",""],[9,"HOW TO END POVERTY?","",""],[13,"Q.7 There is more to life than simply increasing its speed.","",""],[14,"LIFE'S GOOD: WHAT'S MORE TO IT?","",""]]},{"i":18,"t":"Unknown","c":"","p":"Other","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/65d93cae1265db5ffeffd2e87a3f6506/7/pttp221589_tc061.pdf","q":[[1,"Section - A Reason has always existed but not always in reasonable form","",""],[15,"International Trade is a Good Indicator of National Security.","",""]]},{"i":19,"t":"Unknown","c":"","p":"Other","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/65d93cae1265db5ffeffd2e87a3f6506/8/pttp221589_tc063.pdf","q":[[15,"Q.5 The whole purpose of Education is to turn mirrors into windows.","",""],[28,"2 What are little strokes?\na) Examples\nb) When little strokes insufficient\nc) What is needed for little strokes\nd) Why little strokes fell great oaks\ne) In a gentle way you can shake the world","",""]]},{"i":20,"t":"Unknown","c":"","p":"Other","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/65d93cae1265db5ffeffd2e87a3f6506/9/pttp221589_tc065.pdf","q":[[1,"Q.1 You can't serve data on a hungry man's plate","",""],[13,"Q.3 Dream for the best. Be prepared for the worst. Enjoy life in between.","",""]]},{"i":21,"t":"Unknown","c":"","p":"Other","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/844233c60d0563afaf56a5f899c17647/10/pttp220189_tc064.pdf","q":[[1,"Q.3 Problems of 21st century are problems without passport.","",""],[12,"2 How has the nature of problem evolved?","",""],[13,"Q.7 Sports, the toy of humanity","",""]]},{"i":22,"t":"Unknown","c":"","p":"Other","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/844233c60d0563afaf56a5f899c17647/12/mt23rcapa113_702.pdf","q":[[1,"Q.2 AI is overcoming our mental limitation but not expanding our mental horizon.","",""],[13,"Q.5 Existence is a science, living is an art.","",""]]},{"i":23,"t":"Unknown","c":"","p":"Other","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/844233c60d0563afaf56a5f899c17647/15/pttp220870_tc061.pdf","q":[[1,"Q.1 Reason has always existed, but not always in a reasonable form.","",""],[13,"Q.7 There is more to life than simply increasing its speed.","",""]]},{"i":24,"t":"Unknown","c":"","p":"Other","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/844233c60d0563afaf56a5f899c17647/16/mt23rcapa113_tc701.pdf","q":[[1,"Q.1 If you look into someone's face long enough, eventually you feel that you are looking into yourself.","",""],[13,"Q.5 Truth, like a torch, the more it is shook, it shines.","",""]]},{"i":25,"t":"Unknown","c":"","p":"Other","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/844233c60d0563afaf56a5f899c17647/18/pttp220063_tc061.pdf","q":[[1,"Q.1 Reason has always existed, but not always in a reasonable form.","",""]]},{"i":26,"t":"Unknown","c":"","p":"Other","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/844233c60d0563afaf56a5f899c17647/2/pttp220870_tc064.pdf","q":[[1,"Q.1 Gender Equality is not a \"women's issue\" - it's good for men too.","",""],[3,"1 21st CENTURY PROBLEMS WITHOUT PASSPORT","",""],[7,"3. WHAT WILL HAPPEN IF WE DO NOT ACT?","",""],[13,"Q.8 Is Economy becoming the end rather than the means?","",""],[15,"1. Is Economy Becoming An End?","",""],[26,"1 Is economy becoming the end rather than the means?\nWhat will u do with this growth What will u do with this growth","",""]]},{"i":27,"t":"Unknown","c":"","p":"Other","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/844233c60d0563afaf56a5f899c17647/3/pttp220996_tc061.pdf","q":[[1,"Q.1 to Q.4 Q.1 Reason has always existed, but not always in a reasonable form.\nQ.2 The opposite of poverty is not wealth.\nQ.3 To forgive is to set a prisoner free and to discover that the prisoner was you.\nQ.4 A man who wants to lead the orchestra must turn his back on the crowd.","",""],[2,"4. A man who wants to lead the orchestra must turn his back on the crowd.","",""],[11,"Q.5 to Q.8 Q.5 International Trade is a good indicator of National Security.\nQ.6 It is not that we use technology, we live technology.\nQ.7 There is more to life than simply increasing its speed.\nQ.8 Nature is neither a servant nor a master, but a necessary partner.","",""]]},{"i":28,"t":"Unknown","c":"","p":"Other","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/844233c60d0563afaf56a5f899c17647/5/pttp220870_tc062.pdf","q":[[1,"Q.1 If you look into someone's face long enough, eventually you feel that you are looking into yourself.","",""],[13,"Q.6 Art is I; science is We.","",""]]},{"i":29,"t":"Unknown","c":"","p":"Other","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/844233c60d0563afaf56a5f899c17647/7/pttp220189_tc061.pdf","q":[[1,"Q.1 Reason has always existed, but not always in a reasonable form.\nQ.2 The opposite of poverty is not wealth.\nQ.3 To forgive is to set a prisoner free and to discover that the prisoner was you.\nQ.4 A man who wants to lead the orchestra must turn his back on the crowd.","",""],[13,"Q.7 There is more to life than simply increasing its speed.","",""]]},{"i":30,"t":"Unknown","c":"","p":"Other","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/844233c60d0563afaf56a5f899c17647/8/mt23avea001_tc115.pdf","q":[[1,"Q.4 The worst form of inequality is to try to make unequal things equal.\n So what went wrong with Devi?","",""],[6,"The next point of contention is, why it is called the \"WORST\"?","",""],[13,"Q.8 Dream for the best. Be prepared for the worst. Enjoy life in between.","",""],[14,"Why Dream for the Best?","",""],[22,"But, it is always possible to live by this philosophy?","",""]]},{"i":31,"t":"Unknown","c":"","p":"Other","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/a4911661fb63cf32bd7e1d24c76e3051/1/pttp220166_tc061.pdf","q":[[1,"Q1 Reason has always existed, but not always in a reasonable form.\nQ2 The opposite of poverty is not wealth.\nQ3 To forgive is to set a prisoner free and to discover that the prisoner was you.\nQ4 A man who wants to lead the orchestra must turn his back on the crowd.","",""],[2,"Was this reason reasonable?","",""],[12,"Q.5 International Trade is a good indicator of National Security.","",""]]},{"i":32,"t":"Unknown","c":"","p":"Other","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/a4911661fb63cf32bd7e1d24c76e3051/18/mt23flton003_tc061.pdf","q":[[1,"Q.2 The opposite of poverty is not wealth.","",""],[13,"Q.5 International Trade is a good indicator of National Security.","",""],[15,"Can the Fast, Last?","",""]]},{"i":33,"t":"Unknown","c":"","p":"Other","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/a4911661fb63cf32bd7e1d24c76e3051/19/mt23flton003_tc062.pdf","q":[[1,"Q.1 If you look into someone's face long enough, eventually you feel that you are looking into yourself.","",""],[8,"Should we always drop the Tomorrow?","",""],[13,"Q.5 Truth, like a torch, the more it is shook, it shines.\nQ.6 Art is I; science is We.\nQ.7 Only the dead have seen the end of the war.\nQ.8 Act as if it were impossible to fail.","",""],[15,"Q14 Why should we act like it is impossible to fail?","",""]]},{"i":34,"t":"Unknown","c":"","p":"Other","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/a4911661fb63cf32bd7e1d24c76e3051/32/pttp220487_tc061.pdf","q":[[1,"Q.4 A man who wants to lead the orchestra must turn his back on the crowd.","",""],[13,"Q.5 International Trade is a good indicator of National Security.","",""],[14,"WHY IS INTERNATIONAL TRADE A GOOD INDICATOR OF NATIONAL Security?","",""],[18,"WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF GOOD INTERNATIONAL TRADE TIES ?","",""],[21,"HOWEVER IS TRADE ALWAYS A GOOD INDICATOR OF NATIONAL SECURITY ?","",""]]},{"i":35,"t":"Unknown","c":"","p":"Other","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/a4911661fb63cf32bd7e1d24c76e3051/33/pttp220487_tc062.pdf","q":[[1,"Q.1 If you look into someone's face long enough, eventually you feel that you are looking into yourself.\nQ.2 We can easily forgive a child who is afraid of the dark; the real tragedy of life is when men are afraid of the light.\nQ.3 It is the province of knowledge to speak and it is the privilege of wisdom to listen.\nQ.4 Drop the question what tomorrow may bring, and count as profit every day that fate allows you.","",""],[12,"Q5 Truth, like a torch, the more it is shook, it shines.\nQ6 Art is I; science is We.\nQ7 Only the dead have seen the end of the war.\nQ8 Act as if it were impossible to fail.","",""],[21,"HOW TO UTILISE SUCH ACTIONS FOR PRESSING GLOBAL PROBLEMS ?","",""]]},{"i":36,"t":"Unknown","c":"","p":"Other","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/a4911661fb63cf32bd7e1d24c76e3051/34/pttp220487_tc063.pdf","q":[[1,"Q.4 In struggling with misfortune lies the true proof of virtue.","",""],[8,"VIRTUE & VIRTUOUS WORLD: HOW DO WE BUILD virtue?","",""],[12,"Q.5 to Q.8 Q.5 The whole purpose of Education is to turn mirrors into windows.\nQ.6 To dwell is to garden.\nQ.7 Reality is the shadow of ideas.\nQ.8 We can not despair of humanity, since we ourselves are human beings.","",""]]},{"i":37,"t":"Unknown","c":"","p":"Other","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/a4911661fb63cf32bd7e1d24c76e3051/35/pttp220487_tc064.pdf","q":[[1,"Q.1 Gender Equality is not a \"women's issue\"-it's good for men too.\nQ.2 Is UCC, the unity that we aspire in our diversity?\nQ.3 Problems of 21st century are problems without passport.\nQ.4 The more we are developing, the more unhealthy we are getting. Where does the real problem lie?","",""],[13,"Q.8 Is Economy becoming the end rather than the means?","",""],[20,"HAS ECONOMY ALSO SERVED AS MEANS ?","",""]]},{"i":38,"t":"Unknown","c":"","p":"Other","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/a4911661fb63cf32bd7e1d24c76e3051/38/pttp220517_tc062.pdf","q":[[1,"Q.1 If you look into someone's face long enough, eventually you feel that you are looking into yourself.\nQ.2 We can easily forgive a child who is afraid of the dark; the real tragedy of life is when men are afraid of the light.\nQ.3 It is the province of knowledge to speak and it is the privilege of wisdom to listen.\nQ.4 Drop the question what tomorrow may bring, and count as profit every day that fate allows you.","",""],[12,"Q.5 Truth, like a torch, the more it is shook, it shines.\nQ.6 Art is I; science is We.\nQ.7 Only the dead have seen the end of the war.\nQ.8 Act as if it were impossible to fail.","",""]]},{"i":39,"t":"Unknown","c":"","p":"Other","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/a4911661fb63cf32bd7e1d24c76e3051/40/pttp220517_tc065.pdf","q":[[1,"Q.2 AI is overcoming our mental limitation but not expanding our mental horizon.","",""],[13,"Q.7 The only way to go beyond things, is to go through them.","",""]]},{"i":40,"t":"Unknown","c":"","p":"Other","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/4/ashi-essay-test-1-1745478431250.pdf","q":[[14,"Q6. A single drop never feels responsible for the flood.","",""]]},{"i":41,"t":"Unknown","c":"","p":"Other","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/4/essay-test-1-neelesh-goyal-1745488789130.pdf","q":[[2,"Topic 1 The ultimate measure of a man is not where he stands in moments of comfort and convenience but where he stands at times of challenge and controversy.","",""]]},{"i":42,"t":"Unknown","c":"","p":"Other","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/4/essay-test-2-neelesh-goyal-1745488821482.pdf","q":[[20,"Now coming to the final question - Is everything undergoing change in the world?","",""]]},{"i":43,"t":"Unknown","c":"","p":"Other","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/5/abhishek-singh-test-7-1746617050656.pdf","q":[[5,"Q-1 Clarify how mid eighteenth century was beset with the spectre of fragmented polity","",""],[7,"Q-2 The success of EIC depended on its capacity to mobilize greater resources than its rivals. Critically comment on this statement in context of reasons for the success of East India company against both European & Indian rivals.","",""],[9,"Q-3 Indian Societies impulses for social change & reforms was a response to its opposition to Colonial rule. Examine.","",""],[11,"Q14 The 1857 uprising was the culmination of recurrent big & small local rebellions that had occurred in the preceding years of British rule. Elucidate.","","100"],[13,"Q 5 Critically examine how the introduction of western education transformed India in unforeseen ways?","",""],[15,"Q6 How did the social reforms and ideological struggle against backward traditional elements and hegemony of colonial culture in the 19th century influence the emergence of a distinct cultural identity & national consciousness?","",""],[18,"Q7 The process of consolidation of Bengal, which started after the Battle of Plassey culminated in the Battle of Buxar. Do you think the Battle of Buxar was more important for the British than Plassey?\nAny Battle of Plassey in 1757 and Battle of Buxar in 1764 laid solid foundation for British expansionism.","",""],[20,"1 Was Buxar more important than Plassey?","",""],[21,"Q8 Examine how the decline of traditional artisanal industry in colonial India crippled the rural economy ?","",""],[24,"Q-9 Describe the British govt's approach towards the Indian administration after 1857? How did the administrative changes introduced post 1857 revolt help in consolidating British control over India?","",""],[27,"Q10 What was the real reason behind the British decision to partition the province of Bengal? To what extent did the difference in approach to deal with the issue of partition of Bengal led to Surat split in 1907?","",""]]},{"i":44,"t":"Unknown","c":"","p":"Other","y":2025,"r":270,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/ADITYA-TALWARUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-270-Sample-Essay-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[2,"Essay-1 'The Glass Ceiling is not Invisible, it is just too high for many to see'","",""],[13,"Essay - 2 Judge a Man by his question, rather than his answer","",""],[18,"Resolution: Questions or Answers?","",""]]},{"i":45,"t":"Unknown","c":"","p":"Other","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/SANDEEP-SINGH-SHEKHAWATUPSC_IAS_2025_Toppers_AIR_369_Sample_MGP_COPY_2.pdf","q":[[4,"Q.1 \"Extraordinary powers must be exercised with extraordinary care.\" Discuss in the context of Article 142 of the Indian Constitution.","10","150"],[5,"Q.7) 'Emerging environmental concerns and evolving ecosystem perspectives demand a reimagined approach to rural water governance.' Discuss the key interventions needed to recalibrate rural water policies with special emphasis on the role of communities.","10","150"],[6,"Q.14 How is the 'vertical' and 'horizontal' devolution of taxes to the states decided? Highlighting the concerns raised by some states regarding the devolution of taxes, suggest corrective measures.","15","250"],[25,"10 WTO is the related agency of UNO that aims to ensure rules based global trade order, with minimum barriers to trade","",""]]},{"i":46,"t":"Unknown","c":"","p":"Other","y":2025,"r":165,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/SANSKRITI-SINGH-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-165-Sample-MGP-Copy-3.pdf","q":[[2,"Q.1) To what extent, in your opinion, have the ideals of the Preamble been realised in the country's 75-year constitutional journey? (10 marks, 150 words)\n\nQ.2) The evolution of property rights in India reflects an intricate relationship that exists between individual rights and public welfare. Discuss this statement with the help of relevant constitutional provisions and case laws. (10 marks, 150 words)\n\nQ.3) Under what conditions can the ‘National’ Emergency be proclaimed by the President of India? What are the consequences when such a proclamation remains in force? When was it last imposed in the country? (10 marks, 150 words)\n\nQ.4) ‘Lack of a binding framework for pre-legislative consultations in India limits citizen engagement in the lawmaking.’ Propose measures to strengthen the role of public consultation in the legislative process. (10 marks, 150 words)\n\nQ.5) ‘The recommendations of the 15th Finance Commission have enabled the States to improve their fiscal conditions.’ Comment. (10 marks, 150 words)\n\nQ.6) In what ways do industry and business associations contribute to socio-economic development in the country? Explain with suitable examples. (10 marks, 150 words)","10","150"],[3,"Q.7 \"India’s poverty lies in the eyes of the beholder.\" In light of this statement, examine the need for a credible and periodically updated poverty estimation framework in the country.","10","150"],[4,"Q.13 'The post of Deputy Speaker goes beyond ceremonial significance and is indispensable to Indian parliamentary democracy.' Discuss with relevant constitutional provisions and conventions. Also, examine the implications of the prolonged vacancy of the Deputy Speaker's post.","15","250"],[5,"Q.19 Examine the factors behind the growing salience of the Arctic region in international politics. Discuss, in this context, strategies for India to recalibrate its Arctic engagement.","15","250"]]},{"i":47,"t":"Unknown","c":"","p":"Other","y":2025,"r":147,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/SHUBHRA-ROYUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-147-Sample-ESSAY-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[10,"1 As Martin Luther King Jr. said, \"Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere.\" Therefore action must be taken to correct the unjust glass ceiling. Comment on the unjust glass ceiling as a glass staircase providing equal access to the top-floor for all.","",""]]},{"i":48,"t":"Unknown","c":"","p":"Other","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/77a71-661968_4512_akansh_dhull_rank_03.pdf","q":[[6,"1. Analyse the factors that have contributed to India's inclusive economic growth in the past decade.","10","150"],[8,"2. The Reserve Bank of India's surplus transfers offer the government much-needed fiscal space, yet they are not without challenges. Critically examine the implications of the RBI's surplus transfers to the government.","10","Answer in 150"],[10,"3. To what extent was the first National Monetization Pipeline (NMP) able to meet its objectives? What are the objectives of the new Asset Monetization Plan 2025–30 as announced in the recent 2025 Budget? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[12,"4. Examine the major challenges hindering the Indian textile industry from achieving its full potential in the global value chain. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[13,"Way Forward to integrate in value chain ?","",""],[14,"5. Why has India become increasingly import-dependent for edible oils despite being a major agricultural economy? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"6. Air accidents are low-frequency but high-impact events. Examine the disaster management protocols in place for aviation-related emergencies in India. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[18,"7. Chemical pollution poses a grave threat to human health and the environment in India. Discuss the key sources contributing to pervasive chemical contamination and evaluate the effectiveness of existing environmental laws in curbing this problem. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[20,"8 Missile defence systems are becoming critical for national security in the face of evolving regional threats and advanced weapon technologies. Explain the working principle of missile defence systems. Critically assess India's progress in developing indigenous missile defence capabilities.","10","150"],[22,"9. Despite multiple resolutions and initiatives undertaken by the United Nations Security Council (UNSC), its efforts to counter terrorism have achieved limited success. Discuss the reasons for this limited effectiveness.","10","150"],[24,"10. India practices a ‘multi-alignment’ approach in its cyber diplomacy. How does this posture strengthen India’s internal security while maintaining strategic autonomy? (Answer in 150 words)","","150"],[26,"11. While examining the shortcomings of the land reforms in the past, elaborate what land reforms 2.0 should look like. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[29,"12. As NITI Aayog completes 10 years of its establishment, critically examine its role in the planning and development paradigm of governance in India.","15","250"],[32,"13. What are the primary causes of limited formal credit penetration among the rural and unbanked populations in India? Comment on the effectiveness of Small Finance Banks in addressing this gap and advancing inclusive financial growth. (उत्तर 250 शब्दों में दीजिए)","","250"],[35,"14. To what extent has the Production Linked Incentive Scheme for the food processing industry facilitated value addition, employment generation, and global competitiveness in India's food processing industry? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[38,"15. Waste circularity is emerging as a sustainable solution to India's mounting solid waste crisis. Discuss the key principles of waste circularity and the government's initiative in this regard. How effective have these measures been in fostering a circular economy? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[41,"16. Discuss the importance of integrating traditional ecological knowledge of India's tribal communities with modern disaster management frameworks. Mention two examples where indigenous practices have contributed to disaster resilience. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[44,"17. CRISPR technology has rapidly advanced in recent years, with new tools and clinical breakthroughs. Highlight the recent developments in CRISPR-based gene editing technology applications. Discuss the opportunities and ethical challenges these advancements present for healthcare and society.","15","Answer in 250"],[47,"18. A credible semiconductor ecosystem is pivotal for India's economic security as much as for national security. Analyse the strategic objectives, incentives, and institutional architecture of the India Semiconductor Mission (ISM). Identify the major risks that could derail its timelines.","15","Answer in 250"],[50,"19. Intricate inter-play of diverse factors has been the force multipliers for extremism in the North East. Discuss. Suggest a multilayered strategy to tackle the menace of extremism in this region.","15","Answer in 250"],[53,"20. Despite recent steps towards inducting women into combat roles, their participation remains low. Examine the key challenges impeding the greater inclusion of women in the Indian armed forces. Also, suggest suitable measures to enhance their participation.","15","Answer in 250"]]},{"i":49,"t":"Unknown","c":"","p":"Other","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/0644c-1244110_2091_sudipa_dutta_rank_41.pdf","q":[[1,"Q1. What are the reasons behind the inefficient use of water in Indian agriculture? Suggest measures to improve water use efficiency.","10",""],[3,"82. What are the social, economic and environmental benefits of diversifying the food basket under the Public Distribution System (PDS) in India?","10",""],[5,"Q3 Can re-energising the livestock sector be the key to sustainable livelihood and increasing the income of Indian farmers? Give reasons in support of your answer.","10",""],[7,"84. Do you agree that high economic growth in the post-reform period has not resulted in growth trickling down to the marginalised sections, rendering inclusive growth a major concern? Justify your answer.","10",""],[9,"Q5 Evaluate the outcome of the National Clean Air Programme (NCAP). How can Mission LIFE reinvigorate the NCAP in addressing the issue of air pollution?","10",""],[11,"86. Discuss the impact of wildfires on the ecosystem. Describe the significance of the UNEP's Fire Ready Formula in dealing with the menace of wildfires.","10",""],[13,"Q7. Recently, the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) launched its new rocket called Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV). What are its advantages? How can SSLVs be a game changer for ISRO in the years to come?","10",""],[15,"Q8 Why is biopiracy a cause of great concern to the existing traditional knowledge of the developing world? What steps have been taken by the government of India for protecting the existing traditional knowledge?","10",""],[17,"Q9. What are the challenges faced by the Assam Rifles with regard to border management and tackling of insurgency in North-East India? Discuss how these challenges require a reorientation of the force.","10",""],[19,"Q10. The race to put weapons in space may soon pass the point of no return making space the next theatre of armed struggle. What are the possible reasons behind the weaponization of space? Discuss its implications.","10",""],[21,"Q11. Jawaharlal Nehru Port (JNP) recently became the first 100% Landlord Port of India. What do you understand by the Landlord Port model? What are the different models employed in the management of ports?","","15"],[22,"3) Why management of Ports important?","",""],[24,"Q12 Analyse the performance of the Sub-Mission on Agricultural Mechanization (SMAM) scheme launched to promote farm mechanization in India.","15",""],[27,"Q13 Discuss the potential of digitization in harnessing the untapped potential of the food processing sector and resolving the challenges that it faces.","15",""],[30,"314 What is the significance of land record modernization in India? In this light, state the features of the National Generic Document Registration System (NGDRS).","15",""],[33,"Q15 The use of technology has played a key role in the success of the \"Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana\" since its inception. Discuss. What further changes can be incorporated to make the scheme more farmer-friendly?","15",""],[36,"816 Discuss how the transition towards renewable energy has the potential to transform the lives of women in India and unlock their potential.","15",""],[39,"Q17. How does climate change exacerbate the challenges that India faces in eliminating hunger and malnutrition? Discuss in the context of India's commitment to achieve zero hunger by 2030.","15",""],[42,"Q18 What do you understand by digital twin technology? What are the benefits and challenges in its adoption?","15",""],[45,"Q19. Terrorism financing continues to remain a major challenge for the international community despite several efforts to curb it. Discuss.","",""],[48,"9) Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) will progressively multiply the opportunities as well as challenges from the national security perspective. Discuss in the context of India.","15",""],[49,"Challenges in the adoption of AI in national security","",""]]},{"i":50,"t":"Unknown","c":"","p":"Other","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/0f653-1378810_2483_rupal_jaiswal_rank_43.pdf","q":[[4,"One pertinent question arise here - why do people not want to hear?","",""],[7,"What then are the consequences of a liberal society where right to speak is cherished?","",""]]},{"i":925,"t":"Unknown","c":"","p":"Other","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wHYc4gim8jwC3rm_jboPiEjp8UXZO2qk/view","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) Code of conduct is just the starting point of ensuring good conduct, it is code of ethics which can ensure highest standards of ethical conduct in performance of duties. Comment.\nb) Distinguish between social intelligence and emotional intelligence. In what way, are these two important for a public servant?","","10 Marks/150 Words) for part a) and (10"],[6,"Q.2) a) What are the diverse ethical challenges confronting corporates today? How focus on corporate ethics and corporate governance can help in addressing these challenges? (10 Marks/150 Words)\nb) The most important measure of the integrity of a society or the prevalence of corruption is the quality of politics. Do you agree? Justify with examples. (10 Marks, 150 Words)","10","150"],[9,"Q.3) a) What do you understand by probity in governance? Do you think lack of probity in governance is the weakest link in our quest for prosperity and equity? (10 Marks/150 Words)\nb) It is common to require media to be objective and impartial, which is a contradiction. They can either be objective, or impartial, but cannot be both at the same time. Do you agree? Justify. (10 Marks/150 Words)","10","150"],[12,"Q.4 a) Explain giving examples the relevance of emotional intelligence in complex and challenging environments characterized by frequent policy changes (10 Marks/150 Words)\nb) How can one's social prejudices and attitudes affect one's performance, dedication and service delivery as a public servant? Explain with examples. How can these biases be removed for effective service delivery? (10 Marks/150 Words)","10","150"],[15,"Q.5 What do each of the following quotations mean to you in the present context?\na) Truth can be stated in a thousand different ways, yet each one can be true. (10 Marks/150 Words)\nb) When we are no longer able to change a situation, we are challenged to change ourselves. (10 Marks/150 Words)\nc) The world perishes not from bandits and fires, but from hatred, hostility and sheer apathy. (10 Marks/150 Words)","",""],[19,"Q.6 a) Writing off farm loans is neither feasible for farmers as it creates moral hazard, nor it is likely to help the economy at large. Discuss the ethical concerns surrounding the farm loan waivers while suggesting solutions for addressing them. (10 Marks/150 Words)\nb) It is the public servant's internal moral character and individual conscience that is critical in ensuring that actions are ethical rather than rules, regulations and laws. Comment. (10 Marks/150 Words)","10","150"]]},{"i":926,"t":"Unknown","c":"","p":"Other","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Gy4QayZpQnmvoZGp0TZMFNKfYZxX3N51/view","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) What do you understand by foundational values of Civil Services? Why are they said to be foundational in nature? Which two values of Civil Services in your opinion are of paramount importance? Explain with examples.","10","150"],[5,"b) What do you understand by \"good\" in good governance? Is good governance always ethical governance? Analyse.","10","150"],[7,"Q.2) a) Analyze the doctrine of \"Niti\" and \"Nyaya\" as given by Amarta Sen, in the Indian context.","10","150"],[9,"b) How can we use \"Social Influence\" and \"persuasion to contribute to the success of \"Beti Bachao Beti Padhao Abhiyan\"?","10","150"],[11,"Q.3) a) \"Man needs his difficulties because they are necessary to enjoy success.\" Comment.","10","150"],[13,"b) What do you understand by the term \"positive attitude\". What are the identifying traits of persons with positive attitude? How can we inculcate such attitudes?","10","10 Marks/150"],[15,"Q.4) a) Discuss the contribution of Immanuel Kant to the field of ethics. What are the limitations to his approach?","10","150"],[17,"b) \"Corruption is a cancer: a cancer that eats away at a citizen's faith in democracy, diminishes the instinct for innovation and creativity\". Analyse the social, moral and economic imperatives for eradicating corruption.","10","150"],[19,"Q.5) Envy is a negative emotion that eats a man from within. An envious person is filled with bitterness and revenge.\na) How does envy differs from jealousy? Also discuss how it impacts one's behaviour and handling interpersonal relations.","10","150"]]},{"i":927,"t":"Unknown","c":"","p":"Other","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/14aypR0nJi3CvatOmumzEIHxokDwbbfrP/view","q":[[3,"Q1 In today's world of new normal, character virtue and duties than on greatest good?","",""],[5,"Q-2 Humanitarian principles that guide humanitarian aid/action","",""],[7,"Q: 3 Code of Ethics -> Elegant Plaques?\n1) The ineffectiveness stems from the fact that code of ethics is non-justiciable or rather not backed by a statute.\n2) Theoretically - they are binding but without a legal mandate, they are essentially ignored in administration & governance.\n3) Their elaborate nature, verbose language and imperative to follow & nature","",""],[23,"Who constitutes weaker sections?\n1) People below poverty line (BPL) -> incapable of having bare necessities [Economic]\n2) Socially excluded -> like Scheduled Caste / Scheduled Tribes and Backward Classes as defined by our Constitution & social injustice\n3) Disable / Divyangjan -> due to physical limitations and prejudices\n4) Transgenders community % due to social stigma and ostracisation","",""],[25,"8a What is human life without love and compassion? - Dalai Lama","",""],[26,"Is it only way for building inclusive society?","",""]]},{"i":928,"t":"Unknown","c":"","p":"Other","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1PqFUSYYuDbghj8Gop4jf7TxhWL6vp5Xb/view","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) What do you understand by foundational values of Civil Services? Why are they said to be foundational in nature? Which two values of Civil Services in your opinion are of paramount importance? Explain with examples.","10","150"],[5,"b) What do you understand by \"good\" in good governance? Is good governance always ethical governance? Analyse.","10","150"],[7,"Q.2) a) Analyze the doctrine of \"Niti\" and \"Nyaya\" as given by Amartya Sen, in the Indian context.","10","150"],[9,"b) How can we use \"Social Influence\" and \"persuasion\" to contribute to the success of \"Beti Bachao Beti Padhao Abhiyan\"?","10","150"],[11,"Q.3) a) \"Man needs his difficulties because they are necessary to enjoy success.\" Comment.","10","150"],[13,"b) What do you understand by the term \"positive attitude\". What are the identifying traits of persons with positive attitude? How can we inculcate such attitudes?","10","10 Marks / 150"],[15,"Q.4) a) Discuss the contribution of Immanuel Kant to the field of ethics. What are the limitations to his approach?","10","150"],[17,"b) \"Corruption is a cancer: a cancer that eats away at a citizen's faith in democracy, diminishes the instinct for innovation and creativity\". Analyse the social, moral and economic imperatives for eradicating corruption.","10","150"],[19,"Q.5) Envy is a negative emotion that eats a man from within. An envious person is filled with bitterness and revenge.\na) How does envy differs from jealousy? Also discuss how it impacts one's behaviour and handling interpersonal relations.","10","150"],[21,"b) How can negative feelings such as envy be managed and controlled?","10","150"],[23,"Q.6) a) List any two women personalities who have inspired you. What qualities do you admire in them? How have you tried to imbibe those qualities in yourself?","10","150"],[25,"b) How is Attitude formed? Discuss how we can change the attitude of society towards women.","10","150"],[27,"c) It is often believed that business and ethics do not go together and are incompatible. Give your opinion on this. How can we make business more ethical?","10","150"],[29,"Q.7 As a senior member of the advisory committee to the government, you have access to important policy decisions and upcoming big announcements such as high-speed rail network projects before they are notified in the public domain. The government is about to announce a mega rail project for which the drawings are already in place. A significant part of this project will pass through a protected zone that has been hitherto untouched by developmental activities. This protected zone is an important part of the city ecology. If damaged, it can aggravate the recurring flood disaster scenario in the region. This zone is also known for its highly endangered bird species which happens to be your state bird too. When you brought this matter to the notice of the chairman of the committee, he advised you that in his opinion it is not a very serious lapse and may be ignored. He advised for further expediting the project for completion in time. However, you are convinced that this was a serious matter which might affect public safety and should not be left unaddressed. Your chairman and political leadership in the state is adamant about providing a clearance without any hurdles.\na) Critically examine various issues in development vs environment debate.\nb) Analyse various conflicts of interest in this case and how are you going to address them?","20","250"],[33,"Q.8 Dr. C is an honest and upright professional working in a Government hospital. He notices that his staff is habitually late. They do not seem to be very motivated or committed to their work. When he sought a meeting with them to ascertain the reasons for their attitude, they said that their salaries are barely sufficient to meet their needs. Hence they are forced to work as part time employees in private clinics. Some of them are thinking of resigning from their jobs and plan to work as full time private employees instead.\na) In your opinion what are the reasons behind low motivation in government services?\nb) What measures can Dr. C take in the given circumstances to boost the motivation and morale of his staff?","20","250"],[37,"Q.9 You are the senior HR manager in a leading IT company which is making a name for itself in the domestic and international markets. You have recently hired candidate Z belonging to a transgender community. This was published in major national and local newspapers for an inclusive hiring policy. It was after a lot of exhaustive search based on your requirement that you found this particular candidate Z. Z is highly qualified and is highly suitable for the post recruited. Z was indeed happy to join the company. However, you have been receiving information that Z has been facing issues of unwelcoming behaviour from their colleagues. From rude comments to instances of social exclusion, Z is facing a tough time in the company. Given that both men and women and senior staff is being either indifferent or co-opting the incidents in favour of majority, you had no choice but to warn the people involved about their behavior. This discrimination has affected Z's professional efficiency as well as confidence. Office space has become an arena for mockery of this able candidate. You are feeling sorry for Z. Z is forced to submit a resignation letter to you.\n1 You have the following options before you.\na) Accept the resignation letter and relieve the candidate of their trauma.\nb) Reject the resignation letter and ask the candidate to adjust.\nDiscuss the merits and demerits of these options. Can you suggest any other option with proper justification?\n2 Suggest measures to be taken to reform the workplace culture to make it more inclusive.","20","250"],[41,"Q.10 You are a senior professor of a department in a Central University. Over the years you have worked with and supervised candidates from a variety of backgrounds. In fact, candidates are eager to work under you because of your inclusive and compassionate way of handling things. Mr. X is a blind candidate and is pursuing his Ph.D. under your supervision for the last 3 years. You have seen him working consistently very hard and sincerely. He belongs to an economically deprived background and has already exhausted all his resources in this pursuit. You want Mr. X to complete his Ph.D. on time and help him find a good job. He has recently submitted his final thesis after 3 years of course work. You are known to be strict as far as the rules of the University and quality of research work is concerned. While reviewing the thesis you notice that a significant part of the final thesis has been plagiarized, well above the permissible limit. This is against the policies and rules of the University. If the external evaluators recognise the duplication in thesis with any other existing body of work, then it can also affect your reputation.\n1. Indicate the values at conflict in this case.\n2. Consider these options.\na) Considering that rules and regulation in the submission of thesis do not give any relaxation in the quality of the work to a disabled candidate, you become compassionate and overlook the breach.\nb) Pursue the matter strictly and reject the thesis as any level of plagiarism cannot be tolerated.\n Evaluate each of these options and suggest how you would respond to this situation giving reasons","20","250"],[45,"Q.11 You are the PR head of a major airline in the country. Your team recently published appreciation towards a prominent personality by posting a photograph of your cabin crew with him. He has a very wide following on social media. This person was booked for an alleged assault of a female IPS officer, which happened a week ago. Upon publishing the post, there was widespread criticism and opposition from netizens and a call for boycotting your airline was endorsed by a large segment. As a reaction you instructed to pull down the post and published a formal apology to restrict the damage. Unfortunately, the supporters of this personality again called for boycotting the aircraft for the same.\n1. How will you respond to this conundrum?\n2. What are the responsibility of social media platforms and users towards the society in the context of rising incidents of cyber bullying?","20","250"],[49,"Q.12) You are a Secretary in the Ministry of Agriculture. Your Minister has proposed a fixed annual grant to farmers which is expected to cost the public exchequer heavily. Having already taken the decision, he asks you to come up with a research to support the scheme. After a lot of effort, you find that socio-economic benefit of the scheme is reaching only large farmers due to many intricacies in the selection of beneficiaries. You approach the Minister with relevant facts and ask him to plug the gaps in the proposed scheme, so that small and marginal farmers can benefit from this decision. However, he asks you to suppress the drawbacks, and actively promote the scheme through mass media as the electoral benefits are more important than socio-economic impacts. Elections are due in less than 3 months and the political party currently in power is expected to return back with a majority. Your promotion is also due around the same time. As a secretary you are expected to fully support and cooperate in the ministers' decision, and make the scheme a success, despite all the drawbacks in the scheme.\na) Mention the different stakeholders in the above situation and also highlight their prospective interests.\nb) What are the ethical dilemmas faced by you in this situation?\nc) Some of the alternatives for you to handle the situation could be:\n• Follow the commands of the Minister.\n• Insist on the publication of results and let the public decide whether it wants the scheme.\n• Call a press conference and brief the media about the results and the callous attitude of the Minister.\nSuggest any other possible option(s). Evaluate all of them and suggest the best course of action, giving reasons for it.","20","250"]]},{"i":929,"t":"Unknown","c":"","p":"Other","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1djJ-FJuhDFNzfQH2F4Ye-xN4x7OZMa61/view","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) Code of conduct is just the starting point of ensuring good conduct, it is a code of ethics which can ensure highest standards of ethical conduct in performance of duties. Comment. (10 Marks/150 Words) b) Distinguish between social intelligence and emotional intelligence. In what way, are these two important for a public servant? (10 Marks, 150 Words)","10","150"],[6,"Q.2) a) What are the diverse ethical challenges confronting corporates today? How focus on corporate ethics and corporate governance can help in addressing these challenges? (10 Marks / 150 Words)\nb) The most important measure of the integrity of a society or the prevalence of corruption is the quality of politics. Do you agree? Justify with examples. (10 Marks, 150 Words)","10","150"],[9,"Q.3) a) What do you understand by probity in governance? Do you think lack of probity in governance is the weakest link in our quest for prosperity and equity? (10 Marks/150 Words)\nb) It is common to require media to be objective and impartial, which is a contradiction. They can either be objective, or impartial, but cannot be both at the same time. Do you agree? Justify. (10 Marks/150 Words)","10","150"],[12,"Q.4) a) Explain giving examples the relevance of emotional intelligence in complex and challenging environments characterized by frequent policy changes (10 Marks/150 Words)\nb) How can one's social prejudices and attitudes affect one's performance, dedication and service delivery as a public servant? Explain with examples. How can these biases be removed for effective service delivery? (10 Marks/150 Words)","10","150"],[15,"Q.5 What do each of the following quotations mean to you in the present context?\na) Truth can be stated in a thousand different ways, yet each one can be true (10 Marks/150 Words)\nb) When we are no longer able to change a situation, we are challenged to change ourselves (10 Marks/150 Words)\nc) The world perishes not from bandits and fires, but from hatred, hostility and sheer apathy (10 Marks/150 Words)","10 Marks each","150"],[19,"Q.6) a) Writing off farm loans is neither tenable for farmers as it creates moral hazard, nor it is likely to help the economy at large. Discuss the ethical concerns surrounding the farm loan waivers while suggesting solutions for addressing them.\nb) It is the public servant's internal moral character and individual conscience that is critical in ensuring that actions are ethical rather than rules, regulations and laws. Comment.","10 Marks/150","10 Marks/150"],[23,"Q.7) You are the CEO of an online food delivery platform. A video has gone viral in the media showing one of your delivery personnel involved in an act of food tampering. Upon investigation you were able to verify the authenticity of the video. You decide to dismiss the concerned person and set an example out of him. Meanwhile the issue kicks off a fresh debate over the working conditions of delivery boys in general and what would have forced him to eat customer's food. And internet users and general public feels that the punishment was too harsh and pointed out several possibilities that may have led him to eat from the package. Meanwhile there were many who supported the company's decision too. In the above case\na) What are the ethical issues involved?\nb) Is the action taken on the employee harsh and if so why?\nc) Under what circumstances such an act can be accepted, if any?","20","250"],[27,"Q.8 There has been a tragedy in one of the rat-hole mining site in a state in which 10 people are trapped inside and feared dead. After the disaster struck, there was failure on the part of the administration to launch an immediate rescue effort. Further, due to non-availability of quality equipments to dewater the stricken mine, the search and rescue team has not met with any success so far. Such primitive and dangerous form of coal extraction is widely prevalent in the state despite the ban as it has state's politician's blessings; it also has local community support since there are very few alternate employment opportunities in the area and there is an abundant supply of migrant labour from the neighbouring state. You are the chief secretary of the state, as a senior officer entrusted with the responsibility, what steps would you take to address the issue?","20","250"],[31,"Q.9 You are the CEO of one of the largest private sector banks in the country. A few years ago, your bank disbursed a loan of INR 5000 Cr to a private firm in which your husband was a major shareholder. It was alleged that your bank approved the amount without following the KYC norms and the firm filed for insolvency recently. This led to huge loss for the bank and its shareholders, not to mention rippling effects on the economy. Government has ordered for investigation and there is huge pressure on you to step down. You are of the view that your bank did no miscalculation and all procedures for followed.\na) Discuss the key values which are put to test in this case.\nb) What course of action option would you adopt? Give reasons.","20","250"],[35,"Q.10 Country A is a multiparty parliamentary democracy where general elections are due. Election Commission of A (ECA) is planning to use Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs) for all polling booths as is the practice. Almost all opinion polls suggested that Party X will garner maximum votes and win the election comfortably. However, when the election results came Party X lost miserably, even in constituencies where it was easily expected to win. Now there is wide apprehension among various political parties and independent observers that either there is possibility that opinion polls were fabricated or EVMs had been tampered or both. ECA has refused to attach VVPAT system citing gigantic costs of implementation, limited time frame and environmental commitments.\na) Identify the ethical questions raised by this case.\nb) What holistic approach would you suggest to resolve them?","20","250"],[36,"(3) In the absence of VVPATs, how can EVM outputs be verified?\n(4) How to ensure public trust on ECA and electoral democracy remains intact?\n(5) How to ensure the result is a true reflection of public vote?\n(6) For the greater good principle was not followed -> VVPATs not used due to cost, time and environmental reasons.","",""],[39,"Q.11 Mr. A completed his engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology and further pursued an MBA degree from the Indian Institute of Management. He worked in a reputed MNC based in Singapore for a year. Later, he decided to leave his job for preparation of Civil Service Examination and devoted 2-3 years of his life to the UPSC preparation. He qualified the exam in his 3 attempt and got into Indian Administrative Services. On the basis of the above information, answer the following questions:\na) What are the ethical issues involved?\nb) Is it justified for the individuals to leave their profession for UPSC after the government has invested so much in their education?\nc) In this context, what are the reasons responsible for professionals leaving their jobs?\nd) Should there be any sort of restriction on professionals from entering into the Civil Services?","20","250"],[43,"You have been asked by the Government to give pragmatic advice to deal with the menace of state sponsored cross border terrorism emanating from the neighboring country. Government does not want to go for war with the neighboring country given that both are nuclear powers. Also modernisation of armed forces is still a pending task. On the other hand, there is pressure on Government from opposition and civil society to cut down defense budget and focus on social sector, especially along border areas. Local population, especially youth is disenchanted due to this menace and loss of life and property. In this context, identify ethical issues pertaining to this case. What steps would you suggest to the deal with the situation?","20","250"]]},{"i":851,"t":"Utkarsh Mishra","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/UTKARSH-MISHRAUPSC_IAS_2025_Toppers_AIR_337_Sample_MGP_COPY_3.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) To what extent, in your opinion, have the ideals of the Preamble been realised in the country's 75-year constitutional journey?","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) The evolution of property rights in India reflects an intricate relationship that exists between individual rights and public welfare. Discuss this statement with the help of relevant constitutional provisions and case laws.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3 Under what conditions can the 'National' Emergency be proclaimed by the President of India? What are the consequences when such a proclamation remains in force? When was it last imposed in the country?","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) Lack of a binding framework for pre-legislative consultations in India limits citizen engagement in the lawmaking. Propose measures to strengthen the role of public consultation in the legislative process.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5 'The recommendations of the 15th Finance Commission have enabled the States to improve their fiscal conditions.' Comment.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) In what ways do industry and business associations contribute to socio-economic development in the country? Explain with suitable examples.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7 \"India's poverty lies in the eyes of the beholder.\" In light of this statement, examine the need for a credible and periodically updated poverty estimation framework in the country.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) The Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act, 2012 falls short of achieving its intended objectives. Comment.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9 'Starved of funds, shackled by geopolitics, WHO is facing a crisis of capacity and credibility.' Discuss the statement in the light of USA's withdrawal and its accusation of the health body of being 'biased towards China and mishandling the COVID-19 pandemic'.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10 The world continues to operate in a 'my terrorist' versus 'your terrorist' paradigm. Explain. What strategies would you suggest to develop a unified, comprehensive, and rules-based global approach to tackle the menace of terrorism?","10","150"],[23,"Q.11 Briefly explain the procedure laid down in the Representation of the People Act (RPA), 1951 for the registration of political parties with the Election Commission of India (ECI). What are Registered Unrecognised Political Parties (RUPPs)? What concerns are associated with them? Does the ECI have powers to de-register a political party?","15","250"],[26,"Q.12) Assess the role of NITI Aayog over the past decade in promoting cooperative and competitive federalism.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 'The post of Deputy Speaker goes beyond ceremonial significance and is indispensable to Indian parliamentary democracy.' Discuss with relevant constitutional provisions and conventions. Also, examine the implications of the prolonged vacancy of the Deputy Speaker's post.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14) Is the growing demand for stricter regulation of online content justified, or does it pose a threat to the right to freedom of speech and expression? Examine in light of recent judicial pronouncements.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15) Critically examine the in-house procedure adopted by the Apex Court to inquire into allegations of misconduct against judges of constitutional courts in India.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16) Recent controversies over alleged malpractices in the electoral rolls have renewed demands for the mandatory linkage of Aadhaar with Voter ID. What is your opinion? Give reasons in support of your answer.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17) Lateral entry into civil services is seen as a reformative step, yet it continues to attract criticism and controversy. Discuss.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18) While rankings aim to benchmark the performance of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs), concerns remain about whether current ranking frameworks reflect the broader goals of education. Suggest measures to make the ranking system more objective, inclusive, and aligned with educational and societal outcomes.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 Examine the factors behind the growing salience of the Arctic region in international politics. Discuss, in this context, strategies for India to recalibrate its Arctic engagement.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 Bangladesh is a key pillar of India's Neighborhood First policy, but recent developments on both sides threaten to disrupt the 'Sonali Adhyay' in bilateral relations. Analyze.","15","250"]]},{"i":850,"t":"Utkarsh Mishra","c":"Forumias","p":"GS3","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/UTKARSH-MISHRAUPSC_IAS_2025_Toppers_AIR_337_Sample_MGP_COPY_2.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) Explain the significance of the recent changes made to the Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) with respect to labour market data estimation in the country","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Discuss the implications of the rising trend of protectionism and tariff wars in global trade for India's macroeconomic stability.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) \"Genome-edited crops have the potential to strengthen food and nutritional security in the country.\" Examine.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) Assess the role of Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayde Yojana (PMKSY) in expanding irrigation coverage and improving on-farm water use efficiency.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) Starlink, a satellite internet service provider, has recently been granted a license to operate in India. What is satellite internet? How does it work? What are its advantages and limitations?","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) What is a Geographical Indication (GI)? What are the legal frameworks governing it? How does it differ from a trademark? How can GI infringement be tackled?","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) What are the salient features of Mission Mausam launched by the Government of India? Why is such a mission needed? What are the likely challenges in its effective implementation?","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) Highlight the key provisions of the Disaster Management (Amendment) Act, 2025. How would the amendment help strengthen the disaster management framework in the country?","10","150"],[19,"Q.9) 'Operation Sindoor' signals a strategic evolution in India's approach to cross-border terrorism? Analyze.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10 'Cyberspace has emerged as a distinct domain of warfare; posing serious threats to national security.' Discuss this statement and suggest counter-measures.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11) What are the key objectives of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC), 2016? To what extent has it been successful in achieving them?","15","15 Marks; 250"],[26,"Q.12) Despite phenomenal growth in recent years, India's startup ecosystem lags in innovation across strategic sectors. Identify the factors responsible for this inadequate focus on deep-tech and suggest strategies to bridge this gap.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13) What is floriculture? How is it helpful in enhancing farm income and boosting agri-exports?","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 \"Women play a crucial role in Indian agriculture, yet continue to face systemic exclusion.\" Discuss with reference to land ownership, access to credit, and agri-extension services. What initiatives has the government taken in this regard?","15","250"],[35,"Q.15) Launched on 25th June 2025, the Axiom-4 (Ax-04) mission has been much in the news since then. What are the key features of the mission? What significance does it hold for the Gaganyaan project and India's long-term space ambitions?","15","15"],[38,"Q.16) Energy storage technology is one of the major components of renewable energy integration and decarbonization of world energy systems. Briefly discuss any three such technologies, citing their key merits and demerits.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 Global Pandemic Agreement (2025) recognizes the 'One Health' approach as critical to pandemic prevention, preparedness, and response. Highlight the key features of the agreement, and elaborate on how the One Health approach can help in preventing future pandemics. What steps are needed to integrate this approach into India's environmental and health governance?","15","250"],[44,"Q.18) The frequency and intensity of heatwaves, particularly in urban centres, have increased in recent years. Describe the various causes and effects of heatwaves. What policies and frameworks have been adopted in India towards extreme heat risk management?","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 Discuss how emerging technologies and globalization contribute to terror financing. Elaborate measures to tackle the menace of terror financing both at national and international levels.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 Explain the key components of the National Policy and Action Plan (2015) that have contributed to the significant decline of Left-Wing Extremism (LWE). What additional steps would you suggest to eliminate LWE in the near future?","15","250"]]},{"i":852,"t":"Utkarsh Mishra","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/UTKARSH-MISHRAUPSC_IAS_2025_Toppers_AIR_337_Sample_MGP_COPY_4.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) 'Unconscious biases in parenting continue to shape gendered experiences in India.' Do you agree with this view? Discuss.","10","150"],[5,"b) Distinguish between empathy and compassion. Why are they considered as foundational values in public services?","10","150"],[7,"Q.2) a) The current society is witnessing rising levels of intolerance. What are the consequences of this situation for personal well-being and for societal well-being? What can one do at the personal level to become tolerant?","10","150"],[9,"b) What are the main components of emotional intelligence and how does it help an individual in taking ethical decisions?","10","150"],[11,"Q.3) Given below are the three quotations of great thinkers. What do each of these quotations convey to you in the present context?\na) \"This life is short, the vanities of the world are transient, but they alone live who live for others, the rest are more dead than alive.\" - Swami Vivekanand","10","150"],[13,"b) \"If you cry because the sun has gone out of your life, your tears will prevent you from seeing the stars.\" - Rabindranath Tagore","10","150"],[15,"c) \"Two ways of building character - cultivating strength to challenge oppression, and tolerate the resultant hardships that give rise to courage and awareness.\" - Sardar Patel","10","150"],[17,"Q.4) a) \"With great power comes great responsibility.\" In the present context, 'Big Tech' headquartered in developed countries wield disproportionate influence over digital infrastructure, personal data, and global narratives—often prioritising profit over ethical considerations. What ethical principles should guide such corporations in building a fair, inclusive, and just global digital framework?","10","150"],[19,"b) What do you understand by the term 'crisis of conscience'? Describe an incident from your life where you experienced such a crisis. How did you deal with it?","10","150"],[21,"Q.5) a) \"A politics of confession that encourages politicians and parties to confess and offer regret for their errors can surely be a cathartic experience.\" Examine the statement from the ethical point of view.","10","150"],[23,"b) What are the key objectives of the Right to Information Act, 2005? Examine the ethical concerns associated with certain provisions of the Digital Personal Data Protection Act in realizing the objectives of the RTI Act.","10","150"],[25,"Q.6) a) Public spaces serve as arenas of democratic participation and civic expression. Yet in India, they remain deeply gendered, with many women largely confined to the private and domestic sphere. Examine the factors that restrict women's access to public spaces. How can ethical governance help address the issue of gendered spatial control and promote inclusivity in public spaces?","10","150"],[27,"b) Write short notes on the following in 30 words each:\ni) Ethical fading\nii) Conflict of interest\niii) Persuasion\niv) Work culture\nv) Corporate governance","10 marks, 150","30 words each"],[29,"Q.7 A State Government in the northeastern part of the country has launched a series of anti-encroachment drives across forest areas, wetlands, and revenue lands. Under the directions of the Chief Minister, the administration has intensified efforts to reclaim public land, particularly in areas reserved for ecological protection and critical infrastructure development. Most of the time, these actions have been backed by court orders and have resulted in the recovery of thousands of hectares of land. However, in certain regions, the implementation of such drives is fraught with social and political complexities. In several districts, settlements have existed for decades and are inhabited by marginalized communities with limited access to legal rights or formal rehabilitation measures. These areas are often politically sensitive and influenced by local leaders and pressure groups. Simanta is posted as Additional Deputy Commissioner (ADC) in one such district. Over the past year, the district administration has attempted to align eviction measures with welfare outreach, including the provision of temporary shelters, relocation assistance, and public consultations. Recently, a major operation was scheduled to clear encroachments from over 140 hectares of forest land within a Reserved Forest, primarily to curb rising instances of human-elephant conflict and to restore ecological balance. Anticipating eviction, some residents approached the High Court seeking a stay. However, the court refused to grant it and directed the administration to proceed with the eviction following due process. Notices were served, and a detailed roadmap was prepared to carry out the operation, which was expected to last 2-3 days due to the scale and remote location. On the first day, Simanta led a team comprising forest officials, municipal workers, and police personnel. Demolitions were conducted peacefully and without major resistance. However, on the second day, when the team returned to the site, a large group of agitated residents—primarily women and children—had gathered. They raised slogans and formed human chains to prevent further evictions. The atmosphere grew tense when some individuals began throwing stones, resulting in serious injury to a municipal worker. The crowd grew increasingly volatile and emotionally charged, demanding an immediate halt to the operation. The police contingent present on the ground was outnumbered by the crowd. Faced with this crisis, some team members pleaded with Simanta to call off the operation, fearing threats to their life and the possibility of a violent escalation. Simanta attempted to contact his superior officer (the Deputy Commissioner), but due to poor mobile connectivity in the forested area, communication could not be established. Meanwhile, several local journalists had arrived and begun reporting on the incident. Simanta is in a dilemma as to what to do.\na. Evaluate the options available with Simanta to cope with the situation.\nb. Which of the above options would be the most appropriate for Simanta and why?\nc. What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by Simanta?\nd. Examine the qualities of a public servant which will be required to manage such situations.","20","20"],[30,"a. स्थिति से निपटने के लिए सिमंता के पास उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन करें।\nb. सिमंता के लिए सबसे उपयुक्त होगा और क्यों?\nc. सिमंता को किन नैतिक दुविधाओं का सामना करना पड़ रहा है?\nd. ऐसी परिस्थितियों का प्रबंधन करने के लिए एक लोक सेवक के गुणों का परीक्षण करें।\na स्थिति से निपटने के लिए सिमंता के पास उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन करें।\nb सिमंता के लिए सबसे उपयुक्त होगा और क्यों?\nc सिमंता को किन नैतिक दुविधाओं का सामना करना पड़ रहा है?\nd ऐसी परिस्थितियों का प्रबंधन करने के लिए एक लोक सेवक के गुणों का परीक्षण करें।","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[34,"Q.8) Megha is a first-year sociology student at a reputed college in the national capital. She is originally from Tadchiroli, a tribal village in a western Indian state. Megha's family migrated to the city when she was seven years old and had not visited their village since. Though Megha has fond memories of her childhood there, she never deeply understood the customs and traditions of the region. One day, Megha expresses her wish to visit Tadchiroli. Her father agrees and asks her to inform Ratan, her paternal uncle, who still lives in the village with his family. Megha informs Ratan and travels to the village during a semester break. Upon arrival, she receives a warm welcome from Ratan and his family. Later, Ratan invites her to attend a local festival. During the event, Megha notices that her cousin Rinki is missing. Curious, she asks Ratan's wife Ratna why Rinki is not at the festival. Ratna explains that Rinki is on her period, and as per tradition, menstruating girls must stay separately in small huts built specifically for the purpose. Locally known as 'kurma ghars', they are generally located on the periphery of the village, near a river or pond. She further adds that these girls are not allowed to enter the main house or participate in any social or religious activities. Megha is taken aback. She asks whether all women follow this practice. Ratna nods and says it has been the custom for generations. Even schoolgirls stay in these huts and miss classes during their periods. Ratna admits that many in the village, including herself, never questioned the practice. The explanation unsettles Megha. She finds it hard to believe that a natural biological function leads to such exclusion. Before returning to the city, Megha observes that even educated family members seem to accept and follow these customs. The experience leaves a deep impact on her. She starts reading more about menstrual taboos and their impact on women's health, dignity, and education. As a sociology student, she recognises how such traditions are linked to patriarchy and social stigma. She begins to reflect on what she can do at her level to improve the current situation, without alienating the community or disrespecting its traditions.\na. Suggest a course of action Megha can take to sensitize her village community without appearing disrespectful or confrontational.\nb. What ethical principles and methods should guide her actions while engaging with the community?\nc. How is menstruation related to human rights?","20","20"],[35,"a) मेघा द्वारा अपने गांव के समुदाय को असम्मानजनक या टकरावपूर्ण व्यवहार किए बिना संवेदनशील बनाने के लिए अपनाई जा सकने वाली कार्यवाही का सुझाव दीजिए।\nb) समुदाय के साथ जुड़ते समय उसके कार्यों को किन नैतिक सिद्धांतों और तरीकों से निर्देशित किया जाना चाहिए?\nc) मासिक धर्म मानव अधिकारों से किस प्रकार संबंधित है?","","20 अंक"],[39,"Q.9 Gopal is an 80-year-old man living in a remote and an underdeveloped village in a Central Indian state. He had been residing in a small mud house for years. When he came to know about the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana-Gramin (PMAY-G), he saw a glimmer of hope for a pucca house. However, the village sarpanch and panchayat secretary told him that to be eligible under the scheme, he must first demolish his existing house so that during a site inspection, no structure would be visible at the location. Subsequently, Gopal demolished his shelter and began living under a babool tree. For nearly six months, he has been staying in the open, braving harsh weather conditions. During this time, he has repeatedly visited the panchayat office but has been told that his application cannot be processed as he lacks the necessary documents.\nYou are the officer-in-charge of implementing PMAY-G in the district. The case of Gopal reaches you through a prominent newspaper report. You personally visit him to understand the situation on the ground. After meeting him and listening to his account, you feel that he certainly needs support. Your enquiries confirm that he is truly destitute and living in a pitiable condition under the open sky. It is also established that he demolished his house based on a faulty interpretation of the scheme by panchayat officials. However, he has no documents to show that he fulfils the eligibility criteria under the scheme.\nNow you are in a dilemma. Including him under the scheme without the necessary documents would clearly be a violation of rules. But denying him support would be cruel and inhuman.\na. Can you think of a rational way to resolve this dilemma?\nb. Give your reasons for it.\nc. What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?","20","20"],[44,"Q.10) You are working as an Assistant Section Officer in the District Development and Panchayat Office. One day, one of your close colleagues approaches you in deep distress. She tells you that her father is suffering from a severe liver condition, and the doctors have clearly stated that he must undergo liver transplant immediately in order to survive. She shares that she has no health insurance, and the surgery would cost around Rs 15 lakh. You are aware that her husband passed away a few years ago, and that she also has a four-year-old son with special needs. Just a few weeks ago, she also lost all her savings in a digital arrest scam. As a widow from a lower middle-class family, her options are extremely limited. Although you feel deeply empathetic, you are unable to offer financial assistance, as you do not have the resources to help. A few weeks later, you enquire about her father's health. She informs you that the liver transplant surgery was successful and that her father is now recovering steadily. Relieved, you ask how she managed to arrange the funds. Hesitantly, she confides that the District Development and Panchayat Officer (DDPO) helped her. Moved by her situation, the DDPO facilitated the release of Rs 15 lakh from the fund allocated to a rural sanitation scheme. The implementation of this scheme had been put on hold for a year due to technical issues and pending site approvals. She explains that the amount was provided on the assurance of strict confidentiality and with a commitment to repay it at the earliest. She expresses deep gratitude for the DDPO's timely help, which she believes saved her father's life. She has already begun repaying the money and will continue to do so until it is all returned.\na. Discuss the ethical issues involved in the case.\nb. Examine the behavior of DPDO from an ethical point of view.\nc. How would you react to the situation?","20 marks, 250","20"],[48,"Q.11 Nithin is the head of the Marketing Department at Pehnava Clothings Ltd., a reputed apparel manufacturing company with a strong global presence. Known for its professionalism and consistent performance, the company had earned a credible name in both domestic and international markets. However, the firm was going through difficult times. For three consecutive quarters, it had witnessed a steep decline in sales. This trend had raised serious concerns among the top management regarding the company's competitiveness, profitability, and long-term stability. To address the situation, the leadership decided to restructure the marketing division and bring in dynamic leadership. A senior marketing executive, Mr. A, was hired after a rigorous selection process. He had an impressive career record and was known for turning around sales performance in other firms and building strong brand identities. With high expectations placed upon him, Mr. A was seen as the key figure to steer the company out of crisis. Mr. A soon began delivering results. Within a year, the company's revenue had almost doubled, and its brand visibility had increased significantly. His bold marketing strategies, proactive outreach, and innovative campaigns received appreciation from various quarters within the company. His performance drew the attention of the top management. There were deliberations about assigning him a larger role within the company, with a focus on long-term business strategy. He was also being considered for an internal award for 'Excellence in Leadership and Innovation'. However, alongside professional success of Mr. A, Nithin began receiving troubling feedback about his conduct in the workplace. Informal reports indicated that he frequently made inappropriate comments about women. In addition, he regularly sent indecent messages via social media apps to all team members, including his female colleagues. Although no formal complaint was lodged initially, Nithin could sense tension within the team, and signs of discomfort were becoming increasingly apparent. Some employees even started avoiding direct interaction with Mr. A. Team morale and interpersonal trust were gradually eroding, but employees remained hesitant to speak openly. The matter escalated one evening when Mrs. X, one of Mr. A's team members approached Nithin. Visibly disturbed and emotionally shaken, she disclosed that Mr. A had repeatedly engaged in inappropriate behavior towards her. She added that Mr. A had been making undesirable advances towards her and had even tried to touch her inappropriately in his cabin. She urged Nithin to take appropriate action in the matter, or else she would have no option but to resign from her position.\na. Bring out the ethical issues involved in this case.\nb. What are the options available to Nithin?\nc. Critically examine each of the options identified by Nithin.\nd. Which of the options, do you think, would be more appropriate for Nithin to adopt and why?","20","20"],[49,"a. इस मामले में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों को स्पष्ट करें।\nb. नितिन के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\nc. नितिन द्वारा पहचाने गए प्रत्येक विकल्प का आलोचनात्मक परीक्षण करें।\nd. नितिन के लिए कौन सा विकल्प अपनाना अधिक उपयुक्त होगा और क्यों?","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[53,"Q.12) You are appointed as an officer heading the Air Quality Compliance Division of the Environment Pollution Control Board in Delhi-NCR. The region is witnessing alarming levels of air pollution, which typically worsen during the winter months due to various meteorological and anthropogenic factors. The situation has led to severe public health concerns, particularly affecting vulnerable groups such as the elderly, children, and those with respiratory illnesses. The Supreme Court has also raised serious concern over the deteriorating air quality in Delhi-NCR and has directed the administration to take immediate and effective measures to control pollution, especially during the winter months. Your jurisdiction has a large number of small and medium-scale industries that were granted environmental clearance over the years. These industries form the backbone of the local economy and provide employment to a significant number of migrant workers. However, recent inspections and air quality monitoring reports indicate that a significant number of these units are operating in violation of prescribed air emission norms. As part of targeted measures to curb air pollution, you issued notices to all identified polluting units, directing them to apply for fresh environmental clearance certificates from the competent authority. However, your decision triggered strong opposition from a section of industrial units, labour unions, and local politicians. Industrial owners argued that such action would lead to production shutdowns, financial losses, and shortages of their products in the market. Labour unions and workers also protested, fearing mass unemployment and livelihood insecurity. Local politicians and vested interests accused you of jeopardising the socio-economic stability of the region. You received representations from various quarters urging you to withdraw the notices and not initiate harsh measures, citing the interests of multiple stakeholders. Additionally, you began receiving anonymous threats, aimed at coercing you into reversing your decision. On the other hand, several of your colleagues supported your stance, encouraging you to act in the larger public interest. Several local NGOs and environmental groups rallied behind your actions, demanding the immediate closure of polluting units.\na. Under the given conditions, what are the options available to you?\nb. Critically evaluate each of the options listed by you.\nc. What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by you?","20","20"]]},{"i":854,"t":"Utkarsh Pathak","c":"Forumias","p":"Essay","y":2025,"r":179,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/UTKARSH-PATHAKUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-179-Sample-ESSAY-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"1. Life is a painting and you are the artist.\n2. The future belongs to the nation with grains and not guns.\n3. Social media is the ultimate equalizer, it gives voice and a platform to anyone willing to engage.\n4. The real problem is not whether machines think, but whether men do.","",""]]},{"i":855,"t":"Utkarsh Pathak","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2025,"r":179,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/UTKARSH-PATHAKUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-179-Sample-MGP-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) How will you explain that the Government of India Act 1935 was seminal in giving shape to the Indian constitution?","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Strengthening the National Commission of Scheduled Tribes (NCST) through various complementary mechanisms can go a long way towards mainstreaming the welfare of the tribals. Explain.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) In what ways does the preamble reflect the ideals and aspirations of the Indian Constitution? To what extent have these aspirations been realised?","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) How will you explain that Indian federalism is a happy mix of Unitarianism and confederalism?","10","150"],[11,"Q.5 Leveraging real-time data in policymaking has become indispensable for achieving good governance. In this context, analyse the role of e-governance in enhancing the effectiveness of developmental policies.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) Critically assess the role of microfinance in satisfactorily addressing the interconnected challenges of poverty and unemployment.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) What are the reasons behind the limited success of the co-operative movement? How can co-operatives be made more effective in fostering rural development?","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) The principles of accountability and participation are vital to ensure the smooth implementation of welfare schemes, ensuring their success in reaching the last mile. Examine.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9 The realization of a successful Asian century is premised upon stable India-China relations. Comment.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10 ASEAN serves the twin purpose of developing India's Northeast and augmenting the country's reach in the Southeast Asian region. Comment.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11 The tenets of independent judiciary, life-breath of constitutional democracy, stand perpetually undermined by the executive encroachment into the judicial domain. Discuss.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12 Highlight the shortcomings in the Representation of People's Act. Also, recommend corrective measures to make it more effective.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 Examine the role of the National Commission for Women (NCW) in protecting and promoting the rights of women in India.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14) Despite constitutional backing, urban planning and governance have given limited dividends on the ground. Enumerating the reasons for the same, suggest measures to ameliorate the situation.","15","250"],[35,"Q.16) The distinct characteristics of the Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) and the government create a unique symbiosis in improving the governance and developmental process in the country. Discuss.","15","250"],[38,"Q.15 The role of the civil service is not limited to the mere welfare of the people but extends to the realm of upholding the spirit of the constitution. Elaborate.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 Evaluate the efficacy of digital interventions in transforming the educational infrastructure of the country.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 Enumerating the challenges faced by the elderlies in India, discuss ways for mainstreaming the paradigm for geriatric care.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19) India has a pride of place among the comity of nations with strong credentials in the arena of soft power. Identifying the key attributes of India's soft power, assess the extent to which it has been leveraged in India's foreign policy matrix.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 The latent potential of the India-EU strategic partnership is deterred due to a slew of factors. Elaborate.","15","250"]]},{"i":853,"t":"Utkarsh Pathak","c":"Forumias","p":"GS3","y":2024,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/UTKARSH-PATHAK-UPSC-2024-Rank-88-MGP-Sample-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) How far do you agree that a robust domestic demand is the most important driver of India's economic growth? What are other factors that influence the growth trajectory of the country?","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Macroeconomic stability is not solely dependent on the quantity of foreign exchange reserves, but also on the strategy and sources on which they are built. Discuss in an Indian context.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) DPI (Digital Public Infrastructure) is a critical enabler of digital transformation for both businesses and citizens; however, it comes with its own set of challenges. Examine.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) The skewed emphasis on certain crops has distorted the cropping pattern in India, which has led to grave socio-economic and environmental consequences. Elaborate.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) Private participation in propelling India's space journey is widely acknowledged but is yet to be fully tapped. In light of the statement, analyse the hurdles faced by the private sector and also recommend measures to unlock greater private participation in the space economy.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) With recent advances in technology, robots are now equipped to perform more than just conventional and routine tasks, which brings new opportunities as well as risks. In this context, evaluate the future potential of the robotics sector.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) Write an explanatory note on the causes and impacts of avalanches. Also, highlight the various strategies to mitigate its impact, with a special emphasis on NDMA guidelines.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) Technology plays a multidimensional role in augmenting the disaster management apparatus of the country. Discuss. Also, bring out the measures needed to enhance the usage of such technologies in managing disasters.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9) Outlining the various cyber threats faced by India, assess the state of the country's preparedness to deal with the same.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10) Explain how the geographical location of India makes it extremely vulnerable to the menace of drug trafficking. What are the various internal security threats posed by drug trafficking?","10","150"],[23,"Q.11) Inclusive growth is a roadmap to intergenerational equity, redistribution of wealth, and employment generation. Explain. Also, discuss the steps taken by the government towards achieving inclusive growth.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12 Discuss the significance of Multimodal Transport System in achieving last mile connectivity, improving logistics efficiency, and addressing the twin problems of pollution and congestion. What measures can be taken to ensure efficient multimodal transport connectivity in India?","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 Highlighting the rationale behind declaring MSP discuss various issues related to the MSP regime in the country. Also, critically analyse the efficacy of legalizing MSP towards ensuring financial sustainability in farming.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 Food Processing Industries (FPIs) can act as a bridge between the informal farming community and the formal industrial sector, which can help boost the rural economy. Examine.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 Discuss the role of biotechnology in enhancing agricultural productivity. Also, highlight the concerns regarding the application of biotechnology in agriculture.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16 5G technology is a breakthrough that finds applications across diverse sectors. Elaborate. How is 5G technology different from its predecessor? Also, list the various challenges associated with its effective rollout.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17) Discuss the repercussions on marine ecosystem and economy resulting from the combined effects of ocean acidification, ocean warming, and oxygen loss.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 The invisible nature of groundwater is a major obstacle in the path towards achieving the twin objectives of building climate resilience and meeting the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Elucidate.","15","250"],[48,"Q.19 Despite various efforts, a lasting solution to the insurgency in the north-eastern region of India remains elusive. Analyse the reasons behind the continuation of insurgency in the region. Also, suggest effective measures to tackle it.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 While developmental initiatives have a significant role to play, they alone cannot root out terrorism/militancy in Jammu and Kashmir. Comment.","15","250"]]},{"i":856,"t":"Utkarsh Pathak","c":"Forumias","p":"GS3","y":2025,"r":179,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/UTKARSH-PATHAKUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-179-Sample-MGP-Copy-2.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) How far do you agree that a robust domestic demand is the most important driver of India's economic growth? What are other factors that influence the growth trajectory of the country?","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Macroeconomic stability is not solely dependent on the quantity of foreign exchange reserves, but also on the strategy and sources on which they are built. Discuss in an Indian context.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) DPI (Digital Public Infrastructure) is a critical enabler of digital transformation for both businesses and citizens; however, it comes with its own set of challenges. Examine.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) The skewed emphasis on certain crops has distorted the cropping pattern in India, which has led to grave socio-economic and environmental consequences. Elaborate.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) Private participation in propelling India's space journey is widely acknowledged but is yet to be fully tapped. In light of the statement, analyse the hurdles faced by the private sector and also recommend measures to unlock greater private participation in the space economy.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) With recent advances in technology, robots are now equipped to perform more than just conventional and routine tasks, which brings new opportunities as well as risks. In this context, evaluate the future potential of the robotics sector.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7 Write an explanatory note on the causes and impacts of avalanches. Also, highlight the various strategies to mitigate its impact, with a special emphasis on NDMA guidelines.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) Technology plays a multidimensional role in augmenting the disaster management apparatus of the country. Discuss. Also, bring out the measures needed to enhance the usage of such technologies in managing disasters.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9) Outlining the various cyber threats faced by India, assess the state of the country's preparedness to deal with the same.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10) Explain how the geographical location of India makes it extremely vulnerable to the menace of drug trafficking. What are the various internal security threats posed by drug trafficking?","10","150"],[23,"Q.11 Inclusive growth is a roadmap to intergenerational equity, redistribution of wealth, and employment generation. Explain. Also, discuss the steps taken by the government towards achieving inclusive growth.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12 Discuss the significance of Multimodal Transport System in achieving last mile connectivity, improving logistics efficiency, and addressing the twin problems of pollution and congestion. What measures can be taken to ensure efficient multimodal transport connectivity in India?","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 Highlighting the rationale behind declaring MSP discuss various issues related to the MSP regime in the country. Also, critically analyse the efficacy of legalizing MSP towards ensuring financial sustainability in farming.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 Food Processing Industries (FPIs) can act as a bridge between the informal farming community and the formal industrial sector, which can help boost the rural economy. Examine.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 Discuss the role of biotechnology in enhancing agricultural productivity. Also, highlight the concerns regarding the application of biotechnology in agriculture.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16 5G technology is a breakthrough that finds applications across diverse sectors. Elaborate. How is 5G technology different from its predecessor? Also, list the various challenges associated with its effective rollout.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17) Discuss the repercussions on marine ecosystem and economy resulting from the combined effects of ocean acidification, ocean warming, and oxygen loss.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 The invisible nature of groundwater is a major obstacle in the path towards achieving the twin objectives of building climate resilience and meeting the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Elucidate.","15","250"],[48,"Q.19 Despite various efforts, a lasting solution to the insurgency in the north-eastern region of India remains elusive. Analyse the reasons behind the continuation of insurgency in the region. Also, suggest effective measures to tackle it.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 While developmental initiatives have a significant role to play, they alone cannot root out terrorism/militancy in Jammu and Kashmir. Comment.","15","250"]]},{"i":857,"t":"Utkarsh Pathak","c":"Forumias","p":"GS3","y":2025,"r":179,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/UTKARSH-PATHAKUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-179-Sample-MGP-Copy-3.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) What do you understand from land subsidence? Explaining various reasons behind land subsidence, recommend measures to arrest the calamity.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Despite being rich in forest resources, why do tropical regions have limited growth of the lumbering industry in comparison to temperate regions?","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) What are the suitable conditions for the formation of a tropical cyclone? Also, bring out differences between a tropical and an extra-tropical cyclone.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) Elucidate the differences between Western and Indian model of secularism. To what extent do you agree with the criticism that Indian model of secularism is susceptible to promoting minority appeasement?","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) Discuss the multi-dimensional implications of uneven distribution of semiconductor industry in the world.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6 Examining the reasons behind erratic Monsoon, highlight the possible outcomes of the same.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) Why is Antarctic becoming an area of renewed human interest? Examine the significance of Antarctic bill, 2022 in protecting India's interest in the region.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8 How does the Eastern coast of India differ in its geographical features from the western coast?","10","150"],[19,"Q.9 Explain the meaning of colour-coded weather warnings for:\na) Rainstorms\nb) Thunderstorms\nc) Duststorms","10","150"],[21,"Q.10 How has globalization and urbanization impacted the Indian family system?","10","150"],[23,"Q.11) Coral reefs are considered to be at the epicentre of marine ecology; however, their existence is threatened due to a plethora of anthropogenic and natural causes. Comment.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12) Discuss the causes for salinity ingress along with its various consequences and potential solutions.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 The actualization of a seamless urban mass transport is hackled by a slew of factors. Identifying these factors, recommend measures to create a robust paradigm for urban mass transport.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 The economic and strategic significance of mineral wealth of a country cannot be seen in isolation from the associated socio-ecological impacts of their extraction. Discuss in light of the newfound lithium reserves in Northern India.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 Examine the reasons behind generation of regional sentiments? Do you agree that regional sentiments and cultural assertiveness may lead to the issue of separatism?","15","250"],[38,"Q.16) Explain the mechanism and occurrence of earthquake. With the help of map given below, throw light upon the vulnerability of regions affected by earthquake and earthquake related disasters.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 Enumerating different types of tides highlight their significance. Also, explain how tides are different from waves.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 With special reference to India, elucidate how globalisation - a multifaceted phenomenon - has had positive socio-economic outcomes on one hand and widened the gaps between the haves and have nots on the other?","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 What makes India one of the most vulnerable regions to climate change? Discuss the role of governments, citizens, and businesses in building climate resilience.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 All deserts are rain deficit, but are formed due to different reasons. Discuss. Also, analyse various adaptations in the flora and fauna to survive the water deficit conditions.","15","250"]]},{"i":858,"t":"Utkarsh Yadav","c":"Nextias","p":"GS2","y":2024,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/4/Utkarsh-Yadav-GS-MAINS-ADVANCED-COURSE-2024-1745409936271.pdf","q":[[4,"1. Highlighting the factors contributing to high fiscal deficit in India, discuss the potential consequences of such deficit and suggest measures to ensure fiscal consolidation.","10","150"],[6,"2. India's aspiration to be a developed nation by 2047 hinges on significant capital investment. In light of this, discuss the potential of capital investment in achieving this vision. What are the challenges India faces in this regard?","10","150"],[8,"3. \"With growing urbanization, peri-urban agriculture is emerging as a significant contributor to fresh farm produce needs\". In this context, discuss the opportunities and challenges associated with promoting peri-urban agriculture in a sustainable manner.","10","150"],[10,"4. What are the major challenges faced by India's agriculture sector to achieve self-sufficiency in pulses and vegetable oils? Suggest measures to address these challenges.","10","150"],[12,"5. Evaluate the potential of biomanufacturing and bio-foundry in driving India's future towards a sustainable green economy.","10","150"],[14,"6. What are the principles behind the working of Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV)? Explain the significance and potential benefits of use of RLVs in India's space commerce.","10","150"],[16,"7. Examine the key features of the Carbon Credit Trading Scheme (CCTS) 2023. Analyze its potential for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions in India.","10","150"],[18,"8. In light of the increased intensity, frequency and duration of heat waves in the last decade, do you think the time has come to include \"heat waves\" as a notified disaster under the Disaster Management Act, 2005?","10","150"],[20,"9. Recently formulated 'joint doctrine for cyberspace operations' by Indian armed forces will lead to strengthening of the cyber-security posture for both conventional operations as well as gray zone warfare. Examine.","10","150"],[22,"10. Discuss the necessity and potential issues surrounding the extension of the Border Security Force's (BSF) territorial jurisdiction in states adjacent to Pakistan and Bangladesh.","10","150"],[24,"11. India's economic growth story is often overshadowed by the persistent challenges of unemployment. Analyze the concept of structural unemployment and discuss its relevance in the context of India's current economic situation. Suggest policy measures to promote inclusive job growth.","15","250"],[27,"12. Discuss the role of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in fostering regional growth in India. How can MSMEs contribute to achieving industrial diversification and technological advancement?","15","250"],[30,"19. \"The sole point of MSP is to protect farmers from sudden price shocks\". Do you think legalization of MSP can insure farmers from sudden price shocks? What are the other measures which can be taken to make MSP-led procurement effective?","15 marks, 250","15"],[33,"14. Discuss the role of the Food Corporation of India (FCI) in the Public Distribution System (PDS) to ensure food security in India. Suggest necessary reforms in the functioning of FCI to enhance its efficiency and effectiveness.","15","250"],[36,"15. Discuss the role of nanotechnology on enhancing agricultural productivity and food security in India. Highlight recent developments and potential benefits and risks of use of nano-fertilizers and nano-pesticides.","15","250"],[39,"16. The Nobel Prize in Physics of 2023 was jointly awarded to Ekimov, Brus and Bawendi for the discovery of synthesis of quantum dots. In this context, discuss the applications of quantum dots.","15","250"],[42,"17. Evaluate the role of protected areas in biodiversity conservation in India. How effective have national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, and biosphere reserves been in preserving India's biodiversity?","15","250"],[45,"18. What the causes of high levels of particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) and ozone pollution in India. How effective are the various steps taken by the government to mitigate particulate matter and ozone pollution?","15","250"],[48,"19 The International Narcotics Control Board (INCB) Report 2023 highlights a growing menace of drug trafficking in South Asia, with India being a major hub. Analyze the various dimensions of this challenge with respect to India. Also suggest a multi-pronged approach to address it.","15","250"],[51,"20. India's response to left wing extremism needs to integrate soft approaches like socio-economic policies and dialogue along with hard security measures to address the root causes of Naxalism. Discuss.","15","250"]]},{"i":859,"t":"Utkarsh Yadav","c":"Nextias","p":"GS2","y":2024,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/4/Utkarsh-Yadav-GS-MAINS-ADVANCED-COURSE-2024-TEST-6-1745410044012.pdf","q":[[4,"1. Federal governance is characterised by institutionalized arrangements for solving problems generated by pluralism based on consultation and mutual consent. How have Zonal Councils evolved from merely advisory bodies to proactive platforms for action?","10","Answer in 150"],[6,"2 Secularism under the Indian constitution is encapsulated in the broader concept of constitutional commitment to equality. Discuss.","10","150"],[7,"How Indian Secularism is encapsulated in the broader concept of equality","",""],[8,"3. 'There is a need to shift the focus of Section 8 of the Representation of People Act, 1951 from the duration of the sentence to the gravity of the offence.' Comment on how the current classification under Section 8 leads to arbitrary categorisation of offences. Also, mention the remedies available to a person disqualified under this section.","10","150"],[10,"4. What is the significance of the Leader of Opposition in the Indian parliamentary system? How does the role of the opposition contribute to the checks and balances in a democracy?","10","150"],[11,"Role of opposition in contributing to check and balances","",""],[12,"5. \"The core ideals of the Preamble — sovereignty, socialism, secularism, and democracy — form the bedrock of India's constitutional framework.\" Elucidate.","10","150"],[14,"6. Assess the implications of the 103rd Constitutional Amendment, which introduced a ten per cent reservation for Economically Weaker Sections (EWS), on the principle of social justice in India.","10","150"],[16,"7. The focus of welfare schemes in India is shifting from \"well-being\" towards \"over-dependency\". In light of this, do you agree that welfare schemes have inculcated a \"freebies culture\" in India leading to a divergence of focus from poverty and hunger alleviation?","10","150"],[18,"8. E-governance is not just about efficiency; it's about making governance accessible and inclusive for every citizen. Explain.","10","150"],[20,"9. With the advent of new regional and multilateral agreements like QUAD, AUKUS, I2U2 etc the old world order represented by organizations like NAM, Davos, and G77 is losing its relevance. Discuss.","10","150"],[22,"10. The island states and territories from the South Pacific to the African coast have become new nodes in India's changing strategic geography. In this context, highlight the importance of these island states for India and also throw light upon the initiatives taken by India to strengthen ties with these states.","10","150"],[24,"11. Electoral funding in India is fraught with the double whammy of legal loopholes and political inefficiencies. In this context, discuss the challenges to electoral funding. What lessons can India draw from global best practices in this regard?","15","250"],[27,"12. Pressure groups form the social foundation of a democracy. In this context, discuss pressure groups' key contributions in promoting social security measures for workers in India, and how they address the gaps in existing policies.","15","Answer in 250"],[28,"Pressure Group's contribution in promoting social security measures","",""],[30,"13. The Constitution envisages the \"principle of federal supremacy\" in the executive space of Indian federal polity. Discuss while referring to the relevant Constitutional provisions and case laws. How are contentious issues regarding the distribution of powers resolved?","15","250"],[33,"14. Delimitation of seats is essential to ensure fair representation and uphold the principles of one vote, one value. Highlighting the challenges posed by misrepresentation in constituencies analyse the ramifications of population-based delimitation in creating federal tension.","15","250"],[36,"15. To what extent can the PIL system be held responsible for shifting the focus of the higher Courts from \"constitutional matters\" to day-to-day matters? What role can the trial Courts play in reducing the overall burden on higher Courts?","15","Answer in 250"],[39,"16. India's higher education system needs significant reforms to align with global standards. How does the New Education Policy (NEP) 2020 aim to address these challenges, and what lessons can India learn from international practices to enhance its higher education system? Discuss.","15","250"],[42,"17. The Right to Information (RTI) Act is hailed for its transformative impact on the quest for transparency and accountability in Indian governance. However, multifaceted challenges and systemic limitations impede its effective implementation. Discuss. Also, suggest measures for its effective implementation.","15","250"],[45,"18. Discuss the unique challenges and opportunities Self Help Groups (SHGs) encounter in urban areas compared to rural ones, and how can microfinance be adapted to tackle urban poverty.","15","250"],[48,"19. Highlight the significance of the recently envisaged India-Middle East-Europe corridor for India's connectivity with the world, especially the West. Do you think, in recent times, transport and energy initiatives have taken precedence in India's foreign policy?","15","250"],[51,"20. Despite the recent rise in politically contentious issues, the India-Canada bilateral relationship has remained committed to shared values of democracy, pluralism, expanding economic engagement and long-standing people-to-people ties. Highlighting the significant pillars of the India-Canada relationship, discuss the potential areas of cooperation and collaboration between India and Canada.","15","250"]]},{"i":860,"t":"Vaibhav Kumar","c":"Forumias","p":"Essay","y":2024,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/VAIBHAV-KUMAR-UPSC-2024-Rank-90-MGP-Sample-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[15,"4 THE BEST IS THE ENEMY OF GOOD","",""]]},{"i":861,"t":"Vaibhav Kumar","c":"Nextias","p":"Essay","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://www.nextias.com/newuploads/Nextias/2025/4/essay-test-1-vaibhav-1745477756474.pdf","q":[[6,"Q.4 The ultimate measure of a man is not where he stands in moments of comfort and convenience, but where he stands at times of challenge and controversy.","",""],[9,"WHAT ARE THE ULTIMATE MEASURES OF MAN","",""],[17,"Q.6 A single drop never feels responsible for the flood.","",""],[20,"WHY DROPS ARE FREE OF GUILT","",""]]},{"i":862,"t":"Vaibhav Singh","c":"Forumias","p":"GS3","y":2024,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/VAIBHAV-SINGH-UPSC-2024-Rank-82-MGP-Sample-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) How far do you agree that a robust domestic demand is the most important driver of India's economic growth? What are other factors that influence the growth trajectory of the country?","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Macroeconomic stability is not solely dependent on the quantity of foreign exchange reserves, but also on the strategy and sources on which they are built. Discuss in an Indian context.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) DPI (Digital Public Infrastructure) is a critical enabler of digital transformation for both businesses and citizens; however, it comes with its own set of challenges. Examine.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) The skewed emphasis on certain crops has distorted the cropping pattern in India, which has led to grave socio-economic and environmental consequences. Elaborate.","10","150"],[11,"Q.6 Private participation in propelling India's space journey is widely acknowledged but is yet to be fully tapped. In light of the statement, analyse the hurdles faced by the private sector and also recommend measures to unlock greater private participation in the space economy.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) With recent advances in technology, robots are now equipped to perform more than just conventional and routine tasks, which brings new opportunities as well as risks. In this context, evaluate the future potential of the robotics sector.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) Write an explanatory note on the causes and impacts of avalanches. Also, highlight the various strategies to mitigate its impact, with a special emphasis on NDMA guidelines.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) Technology plays a multidimensional role in augmenting the disaster management apparatus of the country. Discuss. Also, bring out the measures needed to enhance the usage of such technologies in managing disasters.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9) Outlining the various cyber threats faced by India, assess the state of the country's preparedness to deal with the same.","10","150"],[20,"4) Threat to cyber-data of critical nature through ransomware. e.g., AIIMS attack","",""],[21,"Q.10 Explain how the geographical location of India makes it extremely vulnerable to the menace of drug trafficking. What are the various internal security threats posed by drug trafficking?","10","150"],[23,"Q.11 Inclusive growth is a roadmap to intergenerational equity, redistribution of wealth, and employment generation. Explain. Also, discuss the steps taken by the government towards achieving inclusive growth.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12) Discuss the significance of Multimodal Transport System in achieving last mile connectivity, improving logistics efficiency, and addressing the twin problems of pollution and congestion. What measures can be taken to ensure efficient multimodal transport connectivity in India?","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 Highlighting the rationale behind declaring MSP, discuss various issues related to the MSP regime in the country. Also, critically analyse the efficacy of legalizing MSP towards ensuring financial sustainability in farming.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 Food Processing Industries (FPIs) can act as a bridge between the informal farming community and the formal industrial sector, which can help boost the rural economy. Examine.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 Discuss the role of biotechnology in enhancing agricultural productivity. Also, highlight the concerns regarding the application of biotechnology in agriculture.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16 5G technology is a breakthrough that finds applications across diverse sectors. Elaborate. How is 5G technology different from its predecessor? Also, list the various challenges associated with its effective rollout.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 Discuss the repercussions on marine ecosystem and economy resulting from the combined effects of ocean acidification, ocean warming and oxygen loss.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18) The invisible nature of groundwater is a major obstacle in the path towards achieving the twin objectives of building climate resilience and meeting the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Elucidate.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19) Despite various efforts, a lasting solution to the insurgency in the north-eastern region of India remains elusive. Analyse the reasons behind the continuation of insurgency in the region. Also, suggest effective measures to tackle it.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 While developmental initiatives have a significant role to play, they alone cannot root out terrorism/militancy in Jammu and Kashmir. Comment.","15","250"]]},{"i":863,"t":"Vaibhavi Agrawal","c":"Vision","p":"Essay","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/68efc-1439609_4514_vaibhavi_agrawal_rank_35.pdf","q":[[5,"Write two essays, choosing one topic from each of the Sections A and B, in about 1000-1200 words each :\n1. You may have to fight a battle more than once to win it.\n2. In matters of conscience, the law of the majority has no place.\n3. He who opens a school door, closes a prison.\n4. Only in the depths of winter can we truly appreciate the warmth of spring.\n5. We cannot always build the future for our youth, but we can build our youth for the future.\n6. Copying is safe; innovation demands courage.\n7. The more we automate, the more human we must become.\n8. The pursuit of instant validation is creating a generation of restless minds.","125 x 2 = 250","1000-1200 words each"],[18,"6. Copying is safe; innovation demands courage.","",""],[30,"Q1 what do 'depth of writing' & 'warmth of spring'  & 'sprouts'","",""]]},{"i":866,"t":"Vaibhavi Agrawal","c":"Vision","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/9b995-1439609_2423_vaibhavi_agrawal_rank_35.pdf","q":[[6,"1. With suitable examples, discuss how environmental pressure groups enhance public participation and responsiveness with regard to environmental policies in India. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[8,"2. The recent acknowledgment of sex work as a 'profession' by the Supreme Court is merely the first step in ensuring basic rights and equality for sex workers in India. Examine.","10","150"],[10,"3. Discuss the role played by District Legal Services Authorities (DLSAs) in providing free legal aid and disseminating legal awareness in India. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[12,"4. \"The collegium system has become a victim of its own success, with the concentration of power in the hands of a few, leading to questions about its legitimacy.\" Comment.","10","150"],[14,"5. \"Civil services reforms must go beyond recruitment and standardised training to cope with the present day challenges.\" Analyse. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"6. Outcome-based finance models such as social impact bonds have the potential to truly catalyse change and deliver socio-economic impact at scale. Discuss.","10","150"],[18,"7. The wide gap between the number of females graduating every year and those entering the workspace is an issue of paramount importance that needs to be addressed. Discuss in the context of India.","10","Answer in 150"],[20,"8. An up to date and functional Civil Registration System (CRS) is essential to the socio-economic planning in India. Discuss in the light of the recent move of the Central government in revamping the CRS system in the country. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[22,"9. What are the key areas of reform if the International Monetary Fund (IMF) has to align with the current economic realities? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[24,"10. In recent years, India's relationship with West Asia has evolved from the confines of geopolitics to expanse of geoeconomics. Discuss.","10","Answer in 150"],[26,"11. The role of the Competition Commission of India (CCI) is significant in furthering healthy competitiveness aimed at inspiring stakeholders to innovate and augment effectiveness. Comment. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[29,"12. \"The menace of paid news often rears its ugly head during elections.\" Discuss the need for making paid news an electoral offence in India. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[32,"13. Discuss the 'Doctrine of Essentiality' referred to by the courts in the context of religious practices in India.","15","250"],[35,"14. As per the recently released report of the Economic Advisory Council to the Prime Minister (EAC-PM), there is an urgent need to limit the size of the government in India. Do you agree?","15","250"],[38,"15. The Institutions of Eminence (IoE) scheme was conceived to develop 'world-class' centres of higher education in India but six years later, it is yet to become the game changer it was intended to be. Discuss.","15","Answer in 250"],[41,"16. Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI) allows for innovative and convenient public services, help overcome inclusion or accessibility barriers, and increase transparency and accountability with real-time data. Discuss with examples. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[42,"Challenges in using DPI :-\n(a) Divide in society :- People are not aware about using ICT tools","",""],[44,"17. Besides legislation, the full realisation of the 'right to health for all' in India demands plugging of social, financial, and infrastructural gaps. Examine.","15","Answer in 250"],[47,"18. The 'third gender' has not yet been engendered in the Indian society despite legislative nudge. Analyse. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[50,"19. Among other factors, strained ties with China and Pakistan make it difficult for India to fulfill its expectations from the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO). Discuss.","15","250"],[53,"20. The recently concluded initiative on Critical and Emerging Technology (iCET) between the United States and India promises a long overdue transformation of their partnership in the field of technology. Examine. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"]]},{"i":867,"t":"Vaibhavi Agrawal","c":"Vision","p":"GS3","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/72616-1439609_4512_vaibhavi_agrawal_rank_35.pdf","q":[[6,"1. Analyse the factors that have contributed to India's inclusive economic growth in the past decade.","10","150"],[8,"2. The Reserve Bank of India's surplus transfers offer the government much-needed fiscal space, yet they are not without challenges. Critically examine the implications of the RBI's surplus transfers to the government. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[10,"3. To what extent was the first National Monetization Pipeline (NMP) able to meet its objectives? What are the objectives of the new Asset Monetization Plan 2025-30 as announced in the recent 2025 Budget? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[12,"4. Examine the major challenges hindering the Indian textile industry from achieving its full potential in the global value chain. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[14,"5. Why has India become increasingly import-dependent for edible oils despite being a major agricultural economy? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"6. Air accidents are low-frequency but high-impact events. Examine the disaster management protocols in place for aviation-related emergencies in India. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[18,"7. Chemical pollution poses a grave threat to human health and the environment in India. Discuss the key sources contributing to pervasive chemical contamination and evaluate the effectiveness of existing environmental laws in curbing this problem. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[20,"8. Missile defence systems are becoming critical for national security in the face of evolving regional threats and advanced weapon technologies. Explain the working principle of missile defence systems. Critically assess India’s progress in developing indigenous missile defence capabilities.","10","150"],[22,"9. Despite multiple resolutions and initiatives undertaken by the United Nations Security Council (UNSC), its efforts to counter terrorism have achieved limited success. Discuss the reasons for this limited effectiveness.","10","150"],[24,"10. India practices a ‘multi-alignment’ approach in its cyber diplomacy. How does this posture strengthen India’s internal security while maintaining strategic autonomy? (Answer in 150 words)","","150"],[26,"11. While examining the shortcomings of the land reforms in the past, elaborate what land reforms 2.0 should look like. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[29,"12. As NITI Aayog completes 10 years of its establishment, critically examine its role in the planning and development paradigm of governance in India.","15","250"],[32,"13. What are the primary causes of limited formal credit penetration among the rural and unbanked populations in India? Comment on the effectiveness of Small Finance Banks in addressing this gap and advancing inclusive financial growth.","","250"],[35,"14. To what extent has the Production Linked Incentive Scheme for the food processing industry facilitated value addition, employment generation, and global competitiveness in India's food processing industry? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[38,"15. Waste circularity is emerging as a sustainable solution to India's mounting solid waste crisis. Discuss the key principles of waste circularity and the government's initiative in this regard. How effective have these measures been in fostering a circular economy? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[40,"Effectiveness of these measures in fostering circular economy?","",""],[41,"16. Discuss the importance of integrating traditional ecological knowledge of India's tribal communities with modern disaster management frameworks. Mention two examples where indigenous practices have contributed to disaster resilience.","15","250"],[44,"17. CRISPR technology has rapidly advanced in recent years, with new tools and clinical breakthroughs. Highlight the recent developments in CRISPR-based gene editing technology applications. Discuss the opportunities and ethical challenges these advancements present for healthcare and society.","15","Answer in 250"],[47,"3. A credible semiconductor ecosystem is pivotal for India's economic security as much as for national security. Analyse the strategic objectives, incentives, and institutional architecture of the India Semiconductor Mission (ISM). Identify the major risks that could derail its timelines.","15","250"],[49,"Major risks that could derail its timelines:\n1 Global supply chain disruptions like imports of chips, wafers, technology etc.\n2 China's dominance in the sector can stop companies to invest in India.\n3 Lack of willingness in companies due to red tapism, bureaucratic hurdles.","",""],[50,"19. Intricate inter-play of diverse factors has been the force multipliers for extremism in the North East. Discuss. Suggest a multilayered strategy to tackle the menace of extremism in this region.","15","250"],[53,"0. Despite recent steps towards inducting women into combat roles, their participation remains low. Examine the key challenges impeding the greater inclusion of women in the Indian armed forces. Also, suggest suitable measures to enhance their participation.","15","Answer in 250"]]},{"i":864,"t":"Vaibhavi Agrawal","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/d8515-1439609_2425_vaibhavi_agrawal_rank_35.pdf","q":[[6,"1. (a) For effective corporate governance to take place in the coming years, why is it important to integrate the ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) metrics with the multi-stakeholder approach? What benefits can be accrued by such integration? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[8,"1. (b) In acts of corruption, the focus is often only on the demand side of the equation, on public officials who abuse their office for private gain. Frequently, the supply side is given less attention. Those who pay bribes are sometimes depicted as innocent parties and victims of extortionary practices of wily public servants. Do you agree that 'collusive corruption', in which there is a willing bribe-giver, is a formidable challenge for institutions fighting corruption?","10","150"],[10,"2. (a) The Citizens' Charters' initiative was a response to the quest for solving the problems, which a citizen encountered, day in and day out, while dealing with the organisations providing public services. But the introduction and implementation of Citizens' Charters in the government of India has been difficult due to the old bureaucratic set up and the rigid attitudes of the work force. Discuss the major obstacles that have been encountered in implementing the Citizens' Charter initiative.","10","150"],[12,"2. (b) Quality of public service delivery is a major determinant of the quality of life of vulnerable sections in a highly unequal society divided along the lines of class, caste, religion, etc. In this background, do you think that public service delivery is efficient and sufficient enough to improve the lives of vulnerable groups in India? Critically examine.","10","150"],[14,"3 (a) What do each of the following quotations mean to you?\n \"The wise man does not lay up his own treasures. The more he gives to others, the more he has for his own.\" - Lao Tzu (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"3. (b) \"If ethics are poor at the top, that behavior is copied down through the organization.\" - Robert Noyce (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[18,"3. (c) \"The end of law is not to abolish or restrain, but to preserve and enlarge freedom.\" - John Locke (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[20,"4. (a) Wealthy CEOs and founders of successful businesses around the world are increasingly pledging to give away their wealth in philanthropy. Do you think that such a move is sufficient enough to bring about a positive change in the society? Critically examine.","10","150"],[22,"4. (b) As organizations across the globe begin their artificial intelligence (AI) transformation, the leap into the AI era is expected to be more challenging than any technology that businesses have grappled with yet. In this background, discuss the concerns around fairness, transparency, and job security that may arise.","10","150"],[24,"5. (a) The emphasis of Swami Dayanand Saraswati on education, social equality, and ethical values continues to influence the socio-cultural discourse in contemporary India. Discuss with suitable examples. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[26,"5. (b) Write short notes on the following in 30 words each :\n(i) Dedication to public service\n(ii) Non-partisanship in civil service\n(iii) Objectivity in decision-making","2 x 5 = 10","30 words each"],[28,"6. (a) Emotional intelligence may not be singularly associated with emotions or intelligence. It can also include a broad range of personality characteristics that might predict success in professional and everyday life. Discuss.","10","150"],[30,"6. (b) Traditional forms of state-led accountability, also characterised as vertical and horizontal channels of accountability, are increasingly found to be inadequate, and a myriad of multi-stakeholder and bottom-up citizen directed approaches have come to the fore, to supplement or supplant them. Discuss with illustrations.","10","150"],[32,"7 In the context of this case, answer the following:\n(a) इस प्रकरण में शामिल मुद्दे कौन-से हैं?\n(b) ऐसी प्रौद्योगिकियों को अपनाने के नकारात्मक प्रभावों को कम करने के लिए क्या उपाय किए जा सकते हैं? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250"],[33,"With reference to this case study, answer the following:\n(a) What are the issues involved in this case?\n(b) What measures can be taken to minimize the negative implications of adopting such technologies? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[37,"8 दी गई स्थिति में:\n(a) रीना को किन दुविधाओं का सामना करना पड़ रहा है?\n(b) उसके पास क्या विकल्प हैं? प्रत्येक के गुण और दोष बताइए।\n(c) उसके द्वारा अपनाई जाने वाली कार्रवाई को रेखांकित कीजिए, साथ ही उसका औचित्य सिद्ध कीजिए। (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250 शब्दों में"],[38,"In the given situation:\n(a) What dilemmas does Rina face?\n(b) What options does she have? Provide the merits and demerits of each.\n(c) Highlight the course of action she should adopt, along with justification for the same.","20","Answer in 250"],[42,"9 You have recently been posted as a Nodal Education Officer in one of the districts, where mass cheating in examinations is a regular phenomenon. Media reports have shown parents and relatives scaling school walls and buildings to pass answer chits to students taking secondary school examinations in the district. Moreover, with the advent of new technological devices, cheating in examinations has become more sophisticated and exam rules are flouted openly. On investigation, it has come to your notice that these rackets are run by many school authorities, including exam invigilators who are mostly teachers, and they are hand in glove for profits. With a shortage of staff, invigilators threaten go on mass strikes if any action is taken. Conducting the exams, cancelling them on account of cheating and having re-exams are a loss of time and money for the government and this vicious cycle goes on.\n\nAs the Nodal Education Officer of the district, address the following questions:\n(a) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\n(b) How will you resolve the issues in the given case?\n(c) What long-term strategy needs to be adopted to deal with the menace of cheating in various examinations? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[47,"10 उपयुक्त जानकारी के संदर्भ में, निम्नलिखित पर ध्यान दीजिए:\n(a) प्रस्तुत प्रकरण में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दे कौन-से हैं?\n(b) महासागरों की संधारणीयता पर प्रतिकूल प्रभाव डाले बिना किसी राष्ट्र के आर्थिक विकास के दृष्टिकोण को कैसे प्राप्त किया जा सकता है? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250"],[48,"In the context of the above-stated information, address the following:\n(a) What are the ethical issues in the given case study?\n(b) How can the vision of economic development of a nation be achieved without adversely affecting the sustainability of oceans? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[52,"11. (a) आप एक जिला मजिस्ट्रेट हैं और यह क्षेत्र आपके क्षेत्राधिकार में आता है। दोनों पक्षों के लोग अपनी शिकायतें लेकर आपके पास आए हैं। आप दोनों दृष्टिकोणों में सामंजस्य स्थापित करने के लिए क्या करेंगे?\n(b) कार्रवाई के निम्नलिखित संभावित तरीकों के गुण और दोषों का उल्लेख कीजिए:\n(1) क्षेत्र के निवासियों के विरोध को नजरअंदाज करना और धार्मिक पूजा स्थल को मौजूदा नियमों के अनुसार बनाने की अनुमति दे देना।\n(2) नए पूजा स्थल पर भरोसा करने वाले हजारों उपासकों को निराश करते हुए, निवासियों से सहमत होकर निर्माण पर रोक लगा देना।\n(3) एक समझौते के रूप में, आपके द्वारा पूजा स्थल पर भवन निर्माण संबंधी अतिरिक्त नियमों को लागू किया जाना या डिजाइन में संशोधन पर बल दिया जाना। (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250 शब्दों में"],[53,"(a) You are a District Magistrate and the area lies in your jurisdiction. People from both sides have approached you with their grievances. What would you do to reconcile the two points of view?\n(b) Mention the merits and demerits of the following potential courses of action:\n(1) Ignore the opposition from the residents of the area and allow the place of religious worship to be built in accordance with the existing regulations.\n(2) Prohibit the construction, agreeing with the residents while causing distress among the thousands of worshippers counting on the new place of worship.\n(3) As a compromise, you place additional building regulations on the worship place or insist on modifications to the design. (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[57,"12 You are a public representative, elected on the ticket of a political party, considered as conservative by many. Your daughter, who has returned years after studying abroad, has conveyed to you her choice of marrying a person from another community. You personally do not consider anything wrong in her choice, and convey your assent to her. You also discuss it with many among your friends and family, and inform them of a grand wedding ceremony you are planning for your daughter. However, a few days after you have shared the news of the forthcoming grand wedding with many, you are informed by your political secretary about an issue being made of the same. He informs you that there are whispers among many people in your constituency about it, and indications of a sense of unease among some prominent citizens. While most of them are enamoured by your plans for a grand wedding ceremony for your daughter, they are unhappy about the bridegroom being from another community. You also get to know through your sources in the party, that your assent to the choice of the bridegroom may lead to a denial of ticket by the high command in the forthcoming elections. You are not only an ambitious politician and a rising star in your political party but also an open-minded, loving and doting father. But howsoever much you love your daughter's freedom and choices, you do not want her decision to adversely affect your political journey. This is more so, when you had been eagerly looking forward to greater responsibilities and a higher stature in the party, given the years of hardwork you have put in, as a politician. Your daughter, on the other hand, is firm with her choice and does not want her impending grand wedding to be affected in any way. She is adamant\n(a) उपयुक्त प्रकरण में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दे कौन-से हैं?\n(b) एक पिता और एक महत्वाकांक्षी राजनीतिज्ञ के रूप में आपके पास उपलब्ध विभिन्न विकल्प क्या हैं?\n(c) आपकी कार्यवाही का तरीका क्या होगा? उचित तर्क सहित पुष्टि कीजिए। (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250"],[58,"Given this situation, answer the following:\n(a) What are the ethical issues in the above situation?\n(b) What are the various options that you have, as a father and an ambitious politician?\n(c) What will be your course of action? Justify with proper reasoning. (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"]]},{"i":865,"t":"Vaibhavi Agrawal","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/d17dd-1439609_4513_vaibhavi_agrawal_rank_35.pdf","q":[[6,"1. (a) Compassion is the courageous choice to feel another's suffering as one's own, and to act upon it, even when silence is safer and indifference is easier. Examine the significance of compassion as an essential ethical value for civil servants in India. Illustrate your answer with suitable examples.","10","150"],[8,"1. (b) Marriages in India are transitioning from traditional sacramental unions to more autonomous relationships, reflected in live-in relationships and rising divorce rates. Discuss the ethical dimensions of these changes.","10","Answer in 150"],[10,"2. (a) While accountability often necessitates documentation, an overemphasis on bureaucratic procedures and excessive paperwork can inadvertently silence the very voices that public policy intends to empower, particularly at the grassroots. Examine the above statement with suitable illustrations. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[12,"2. (b) The principle of impartiality may conflict with the need for compassion towards marginalized communities. Discuss in the context of civil services in India.","10","150"],[14,"3. (a) What do each of the following quotations mean to you?\n(a) \"The strength of a nation derives from the integrity of the home.\" - Confucius (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"3. (b) \"Act only according to that maxim through which you can at the same time will that it become a universal law.\"- Immanuel Kant (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[18,"3. (c) \"We are not only responsible for what we do, but also for what we fail to do\" - Molière. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[20,"4. (a) Patriotism encourages ethical questioning, while nationalism often suppresses it. Discuss this statement in light of the formation of political attitudes during high-pressure national events. How can individuals develop moral attitudes that balance national interest with ethical reasoning? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[22,"4. (b) Discuss how employee well-being and fairness can be balanced with efficiency and profitability in private organisations. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[24,"5. (a) Do you agree that excessive use of social media and emerging AI technologies may lead to a decline in emotional regulation and moral sensitivity among adolescents? Justify your answer.","10","150"],[26,"5. (b) In light of the increasing incidents of suicides among students in India, discuss how Emotional Intelligence (EI) can aid in managing stress and emotional challenges.","10","150"],[28,"6. (a) In public service, emotional intelligence is not about suppressing emotion, but mastering its purpose — to connect, to de-escalate, and to uplift others with empathy and strength. Do you agree with this view? Discuss.","10","150"],[30,"6. (b) An efficient work culture is built not only on rules, but on shared values. In this context, evaluate the role of leadership and team dynamics in transforming work culture within an organization.","10","150"],[32,"7 You are posted as the Joint Secretary in the Department of Information Technology of a state. The government recently implemented several citizen-centric digital services, collecting large volumes of personal data from residents. The Digital Personal Data Protection (DPDP) Act, 2023, requires that such data be processed only with explicit and informed consent, and mandates that processing must cease immediately upon withdrawal of consent.\n\nDuring an internal audit, you discover that the department continues to process and analyze personal data of several citizens even after they have formally withdrawn their consent. This data is being used for policy analytics and service improvement, purposes not explicitly disclosed at the time of data collection. When you bring this to the attention of your department head, you are informed that halting the processing will disrupt ongoing digital initiatives and may affect state-level performance metrics. Moreover, you find that the consent withdrawal process is cumbersome, and many citizens are unaware of their rights under the DPDP Act.\n\nYou also learn that a prominent social activist is planning to file a complaint with the Data Protection Board against involuntary use of personal data, which could attract public scrutiny and legal action against the department.\n(a) Identify and discuss the ethical issues involved in this case.\n(b) What are the potential consequences for the department if the issue is not addressed transparently?\n(c) How would you balance the need for efficient public service delivery with the obligation to protect citizens' data rights? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[37,"8 (a) इस प्रकरण में शामिल प्रमुख नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं? हितधारकों और उनके परस्पर विरोधी हितों की पहचान कीजिए।\n(b) लोक निर्माण विभाग के सचिव के रूप में, आप उपयुक्त स्थिति में क्या कार्रवाई करेंगे?\n(c) ऐसी घटनाएं सिविल सेवकों के मनोबल और शासन में जनता के विश्वास को कैसे प्रभावित करती हैं? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)\na) इस प्रकरण में शामिल प्रमुख नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं? हितधारकों और उनके परस्पर विरोधी हितों की पहचान कीजिए।\nb) लोक निर्माण विभाग के सचिव के रूप में, आप उपयुक्त स्थिति में क्या कार्रवाई करेंगे?\nc) ऐसी घटनाएं सिविल सेवकों के मनोबल और शासन में जनता के विश्वास को कैसे प्रभावित करती हैं? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250 शब्दों में"],[38,"(a) What are the key ethical issues involved in this situation? Identify the stakeholders and their conflicting interests.\n(b) As the Secretary of the PWD, what actions will you take in above situation?\n(c) How do such incidents affect the morale of civil servants and public trust in governance? (Answer in 250 words)\na) What are the key ethical issues involved in this situation? Identify the stakeholders and their conflicting interests.\nb) As the Secretary of the PWD, what actions will you take in above situation?\nc) How do such incidents affect the morale of civil servants and public trust in governance?","20","250"],[42,"9 You are the Secretary in the Department of Personnel and Training (DoPT), Government of India. In recent years, an increasing number of civil servants, particularly younger officers from the IAS, IPS, and IRS, have begun maintaining personal YouTube channels and social media pages. On these platforms, they regularly post videos related to their official work — showcasing innovative projects, public outreach initiatives, inspection drives, and sometimes even day-to-day administrative duties.\n\nThese videos often receive widespread public attention, and many viewers express admiration, saying such content enhances transparency, motivates aspirants, and humanizes the bureaucracy. However, concerns have also emerged from various quarters. Senior officers argue that such content may blur the boundaries between personal branding and public service, while some citizens and media commentators point to instances where videos feature vulnerable beneficiaries without consent, raise concerns about misuse of official premises, or seem designed more for personal popularity than public accountability.\n\nYou have been asked to prepare a report, including disciplinary measures, to maintain a balance between public trust, institutional integrity, and evolving communication methods.\n(a) Identify the ethical issues involved in civil servants publicly showcasing their official work on social media platforms.\n(b) Do such initiatives promote awareness and motivation, or do they compromise anonymity, neutrality, and the spirit of public service? Give your opinion.\n(c) As Secretary, suggest guiding principles and policy measures to ensure digital participation accountability of civil servants. (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[43,"In one case, a district magistrate was seen filming a surprise school inspection in which teachers were scolded on camera — the video was later posted to his personal YouTube channel that is also monetized. While some praised the officer's strictness, others criticized the public shaming of teachers and the breach of service dignity. In another case, a police officer was seen directing a flood rescue operation while his staff filmed drone footage, later edited into a motivational video for social media. You have been asked to prepare a report with recommendations to balance public interest, institutional integrity, and evolving modes of communication.\n(a) Identify the ethical issues involved in civil servants publicly showcasing their official work on social media.\n(b) Do such practices promote awareness and motivation, or do they compromise the values of anonymity, neutrality, and collective service ethos? Give your opinion.\n(c) As the Secretary, what guiding principles and policy recommendations would you suggest to ensure responsible digital engagement by civil servants? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[47,"10 You are the Director of the National Bioethics Commission who is responsible for assessing the ethical feasibility and oversight of a nationwide gene sequencing program. The project named GeneFuture, aims to sequence the DNA of every newborn child and store it in a centralized national database. The objective is to identify genetic predispositions to serious diseases early in life, allowing for preventive treatment and personalized medicine. Over 100,000 babies have already been enrolled in the pilot phase of the program. The government claims that this move is a landmark step in public health advancement.\n\nHowever, collection of newborn genetic data raises significant ethical concerns, particularly around informed consent, which may not fully capture parents' understanding of the long-term risks involved. Once gathered, this sensitive data could be misused for purposes such as surveillance, insurance discrimination, or commercial marketing by third parties. Uncertainty over data ownership—whether it lies with the state, parents, or the individual as they mature—further complicates the issue. The involvement of private tech and pharmaceutical companies heightens fears of commercial exploitation, especially in the absence of clear mechanisms for individuals to withdraw consent or delete their genetic information upon reaching adulthood.\n(a) What are the ethical issues you perceive in the implementation of the GeneFuture program?\n(b) Identify the conflicting interests of different stakeholders in this case.\n(c) What guiding ethical principles would you recommend for implementation of this project? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[52,"11 You are a dedicated District Health Officer (DHO) with a strong commitment to evidence-based public health practices, recently assigned to a remote district in India. Your immediate and most critical task is to lead a crucial district-wide Measles-Rubella (MR) vaccination drive, aimed at achieving 100% immunization coverage among children aged 9 months to 15 years. The success of this drive is vital for the collective health of thousands of children and for the district's overall health indicators, especially with the impending monsoon season posing additional health challenges.\n\nHowever, in one of the largest and most traditional villages in your district, you encounter formidable resistance. The villagers, deeply influenced by the pronouncements of a revered local\n(a) उपयुक्त प्रकरण में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\n(b) इस विरोध को शांत करने के लिए आपके पास तत्काल क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\n(c) अंधविश्वास के व्यापक प्रभाव को दूर करने और संधारणीय लोक स्वास्थ्य परिणामों हेतु वैज्ञानिक सोच को बढ़ावा देने के लिए आप कौन-सी दीर्घकालिक रणनीतियाँ और प्रणालीगत सुधारों का सुझाव देंगे? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250"],[53,"(a) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the above case.\n(b) What are the immediate options available to you to overcome this resistance?\n(c) What long-term strategies and systemic reforms would you suggest to address the pervasive influence of superstition and foster a scientific temperament for sustainable public health outcomes? (Answer in 250 words)\na) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the above case.\nb) What are the immediate options available to you to overcome this resistance?\nc) What long-term strategies and systemic reforms would you suggest to address the pervasive influence of superstition and foster a scientific temperament for sustainable public health outcomes? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[57,"12. (a) आपके समक्ष विद्यमान संभावित प्रशासनिक और नैतिक दुविधाएं क्या हैं?\n(b) आपके लिए उपलब्ध सभी विकल्पों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\n(c) आप अपने निर्णय का नैतिक औचित्य सिद्ध करते हुए कौन-सी व्यापक कार्यवाही करेंगे? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)\na) आपके समक्ष विद्यमान संभावित प्रशासनिक और नैतिक दुविधाएं क्या हैं?\nb) आपके लिए उपलब्ध सभी विकल्पों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\nc) आप अपने निर्णय का नैतिक औचित्य सिद्ध करते हुए कौन-सी व्यापक कार्यवाही करेंगे? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250 शब्दों में"],[58,"(a) What are the potential administrative and ethical dilemmas you face?\n(b) Discuss all options available to you.\n(c) What comprehensive course of action would you choose to adopt, providing ethical justification for your decision? (Answer in 250 words)\na) What are the potential administrative and ethical dilemmas you face?\nb) Discuss all options available to you.\nc) What comprehensive course of action would you choose to adopt, providing ethical justification for your decision? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"]]},{"i":1056,"t":"Vaishali","c":"Masterstroke","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/17yqvWF7XAhNjuQdyOJQPYrhD1TaS-cV7/view","q":[[3,"1. (a) Courage is what it takes to stand up and speak; courage is also what it takes to sit down and listen. What does courage mean to you? Explain with help of two examples from your life where you have acted courageously.","10","150"],[5,"1. (b) Outcomes of illegitimate means cannot be justified no matter how valuable they are. Comment","10","150"],[7,"2. (a) What is Attitude? How does Attitude influence our thoughts and behaviour? Explain giving examples.","10","150"],[9,"2. (b) In the context of rising corporate frauds evaluate the relevance of Mahatma Gandhi's concept of trusteeship.","10","150"],[11,"3. (a) \"A country that demands moral perfection in its foreign policy will achieve neither perfection nor security\" - Henry Kissinger. Do you agree with this view point? Discuss various contemporary ethical issues involved in international relations and utility of moral principles in international affairs.","10","150"],[13,"3. (b) The professional role of a civil servant is very demanding that often creates deep cleavages between personal and professional life. In this context, discuss the importance of emotional intelligence for a civil servant","10","150"],[15,"4. (a) Examine the relevance of the following in the context of civil services:\ni) Bureaucratic anonymity\nii) Emotional Intelligence\niii) Courage of conviction\niv) Selflessness","10","150"],[17,"4. (b) Dharma is a unique concept in Indian philosophy which encompasses all the ideas of western philosophical schools. Discuss. Also, explain what dharma means to you?","10","150"],[19,"5. Given below are quotations of moral thinkers/ philosophers/ psychologists. For each of cases, bring out what it means to you in the present context.\n(a) \"Truth can be stated in a thousand different ways, yet each one can be true.\" - Vivekanand","10","150"],[21,"5. (b) In law a man is guilty when he violates the rights of others. In ethics he is guilty if he only thinks of doing so. -Immanuel Kant","10","150"],[23,"5. (c) \"Integrity without knowledge is weak and useless, but knowledge without integrity is dangerous and dreadful\"","10","150"],[25,"6. (a) Privacy and RTI are often labelled as antithetical to each other. How far do you agree with this view? Also propose the management of conflicts that arise while upholding both right to privacy and right to information.","10","150"],[27,"6. (b) Examine various issues related to utilization of public resources. Also discuss the role of ethics in resolving these issues.","10","150"],[29,"7. Discuss the following with reference to this case:\na) What are ethical issues involved in misuse of legal safeguards available with employee?\nb) Given the need for setting a correct example, discuss the options available with Amit. Also, select the most suitable option.","20","250"],[33,"8 You are a young honest IAS officer who has been recently posed as an SDM in a district of a state in western India. The state has high incidence of agricultural poverty and farmers' suicide. This year has been especially bad for the farmers. The Covid induced lockdown drove down prices of food commodities, reduced purchasing power of people and restricted the supply of many agricultural inputs. During summer months the state witnessed locust attack. Standing crops of farmers were destroyed. The government launched a loan waiver programme for the affected farmers. Many of the farmers whose crops were destroyed were compensated. After a few months, your district witnessed another agricultural disaster. A sudden hail storm severely affected the standing crops in your district. Given the widespread agricultural distress, the state government again launched a loan relief scheme. The state government laid down certain criteria for eligibility under the scheme. One of the criteria was that farmers can claim loan waiver only once. The process for the loan waiver started and you paid special attention that all eligible farmers get benefited as early as possible. One day, a group of distressed farmers approached you. They told you that due to a hail storm their house collapsed and all the documents were lost. They pleaded that you use your discretion and approve their name for the loan waiver scheme. They told you that if they don't get any help from the state, they have no other options but to commit suicide. You were moved by their plight and approved their name in the beneficiary list for loan waiver on compassionate grounds. After some days, you saw a headline in your local newspaper mentioning scam and corruption in loan waiver schemes. The report mentioned multiple cases where a farmer was able to secure benefit under both loan waiver schemes: one for the locust attack and other for the hail storm. Many farmers who did not even have standing crops during the hail storm, as it was destroyed in locust attack, got the benefit of the loan waiver under hail storm related scheme. You have been accused of using your discretionary power and benefiting some undeserving farmers. A corruption enquiry has been started against you for your alleged role in this multi crore rupee scam.\na) The entire episode has come as shock to you, where a decision in good faith has landed you in trouble. What approach will you adopt to handle the situation in hand? Justify\nb) What measures can be taken to ensure that honest civil servants are not punished for bonafide mistakes on their part?","20","250"],[36,"1) Measures to ensure honest civil servants are not punished","",""],[37,"9 You are working as a Chief Development Officer in a district. You are known for your honesty and dedication to work. All the files related to development work and contracts in the district pass through your office. This makes your office vulnerable to corruption. You have made it clear to your staff that you will follow zero tolerance to corruption in office and very strict action will be taken against anyone who indulges in corruption. One day a contractor came to meet you regarding an ongoing project. He informed you that your peon takes money from all the contractors for telling them about your schedule and meeting timings. The contractor told you that it is difficult to meet you because of your busy schedule. The peon takes money and informs them about timings when you are available in the office. It saves them much effort and makes it easy to meet you. You are unhappy with your peon. You called him and asked for an explanation. The peon told you that he does not ask for money, it is the contractors who give him money on their own. The amount involved is very small just sufficient for tea or coffee. He further tells that he has 6 daughters, all of whom are unmarried. His youngest daughter has a chronic illness and she is bedridden. He tells you that he is in dire need of money. He also tells you that this is a common practice and peons of all the officers get money from the contractors for facilitating their meetings with other officers. You enquired about his story with your other staff and whatever he told you about his daughters was true. You know that the salary of a peon is not sufficient for taking care of such a large family and getting good treatment for her daughter. There is also the problem of dowry in the area which makes the marriage of women expensive.\na) Why are such acts of petty corruption considered acceptable in government offices?\nb) Is there a case for serious action against the peon? What will be your course of action to deal with the situation?","20","20"],[41,"10 After clearing the prestigious civil services examination, you have been posted as the SDM in one of the districts in northern India. Government has announced plotting and auctioning of land for development of real estate projects and you have been made responsible for the same. Land lies in the outskirts of the district. A new highway project is also under consideration for construction which will pass near the area suggested for development of real estate project. But the information regarding the highway project is confidential and not available in the public domain. When land is auctioned a large number of plots are bought by the relatives of a minister from the area. You suspect that the minister has leaked the information regarding road construction to his relatives. You discuss the matter with your senior. He tells you that it is a common case and you should not interfere in this case. He advises you that if you interfere in this matter the minister can ruin your career and can also cause your personal harm.\na) Identify various ethical issues involved in this case.\nb) What are different options available with you and what will you do in such circumstance? Justify your course of action.","20","250"],[45,"11. You have been appointed as the marketing manager of a big pharmaceutical company. The company is going to launch a new slimming drug. Your team has designed an advertisement for the drug showing unrealistic body transformation in a very short amount of time. You know that the shown body transformation from fat to fit is not possible by this drug. You are not happy with the advertisement but the CEO of the company likes it. When you discuss this issue with the CEO, he tells you such advertisement is necessary for selling the drug. You are still unsatisfied.\na) Identify different ethical issues involved in the case.\nb) What are the different options available with you? Evaluate each of these options. Also suggest most suitable course of action.","20","250"],[49,"12 Kuldeep is an honest senior officer working in Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB) in one of the metros in Western India. The state has been in news for a trend of increasing drug usage among the youth. One day, he received a tip-off regarding a drug peddler. He conducted a raid and arrested all the persons present on the venue. One of the detainees was Rajkumar, the son of a wealthy and politically connected businessman. He was in an intoxicated state and misbehaved with the NCB personnel on duty, warning them of dire consequences for detaining him. During hearing, Rajkumar was found to be in possession of contraband drugs. He was arrested and this news went viral on social media soon after the arrest. Kuldeep received a call from his senior who asked Kuldeep to scrouge him of the case. During the conversation his senior dropped a subtle hint that as Rajkumar is a well connected individual, going after him could be a career damaging case for Mr. Kuldeep and he should consider settling the case for his own good. Kuldeep understood that his senior wanted him to drug charges against Rajkumar and set him free. However Kuldeep has decided to pursue the case and follow the law. Few days after the arrest, a case was filed by Rajkumar's father alleging that Kuldeep has resort for monetary return of dropping case against his son. Some people on social media have raised doubt on educational qualifications of Kuldeep and few have made even disrespectful remarks on his personal life. These allegations were widely covered in electronic media putting Kuldeep and his entire family under immense psychological pressure. In response to the allegations the government has setup an inquiry panel to look into the matter. The inquiry panel promptly seeks Kuldeep's explanation.\na) Kuldeep can present his case to the inquiry panel and go soft on the investigation of the case.\nb) Kuldeep can present his case to the inquiry panel and continue his inquiry with the case.\nc) Kuldeep can ignore the inquiry panel and directly approach the media with the case findings and his side of the story.","20","250"]]},{"i":868,"t":"Vanaj Vidyan","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2025,"r":278,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/VANAJ-VIDYAN-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-278-Sample-AWFG-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[2,"Q.1) How does citizen engagement through digital platforms redefine participatory governance? Discuss with examples.","10","150"],[3,"Q.5 Identify and discuss the challenges hindering effective implementation of gender-sensitive policies and schemes in the country.","15","250"],[6,"Q.2) Sardar Patel called the civil services as the \"steel frame of India\".\n1 INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISMS FOR CIVIL SERVICE ACCOUNTABILITY\na) The Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 applies to 'public servants' and Civil Service rules & All India Rules govern the enforceable Code of Conduct.\nb) Lokpal, under the 2013 Act also enjoys jurisdiction.\nc) Agencies such as CVC and CBI enjoy investigative powers.\n2 Internal assessment: Internal checks such as ACR reports and merit-based promotions, transfers function as accountability measures.","",""],[8,"Q.3 \"Education without values makes man a more clever devil\".","",""],[10,"Q.4) The Supreme Court recently recognised right to environment and right against climate change as fundamental right u/ Art. 19 & 21.","",""],[12,"Q.5) Women constitute 50% of our population, yet only 27% of the formal workforce, indicating lack of progress.","",""],[15,"Q.6) The RTI Act replaced the Freedom of Information Act, 2002 to realize the true spirit of the right to information recognized under Article 21 by the Supreme Court.","",""]]},{"i":869,"t":"Vanaj Vidyan","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2025,"r":278,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/VANAJ-VIDYAN-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-278-Sample-MGP-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1 Explain how the terms 'socialist' and 'secular' in the Preamble embody specific meanings in the Indian context.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Article 21 of the Indian Constitution guarantees the right to life and liberty. Elucidate with the help of relevant case laws.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) To what extent have farmer associations been successful in influencing public policies and governance in the country?","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) The role of State Finance Commissions in building regional equity and strengthening the federal link has largely been underutilized. Discuss.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) The contributions of the \"founding mothers\" of the Indian Republic are often under-acknowledged, yet they are crucial to understanding the evolution of gender-sensitive constitutional jurisprudence. Elaborate.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) What do you understand by delimitation? Underlining the significance of delimitation exercise, throw light on the associated challenges.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) The Presidents of India and USA differ not just the manner in which they are elected but also with respect to their powers. Elucidate.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) The office of the Speaker is not only a referee, but also an active player in the politics of government formation and survival, leading to controversies and criticisms. In this context, examine the need to bring reforms in the office of the speaker.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9) 'Central Vigilance Commission (CVC) is an independent body responsible only to the Parliament.' What are the provisions that ensure independence of CVC? Also, discuss the issues that limit its effectiveness in tackling corruption in the country's public administration.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10 \"The creation of All India Judicial Services (AIJS) shall enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of the Indian judiciary\". Comment.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11) Although upholding the spirit of the Constitution through judicial activism is noble in its intent, in practice it runs the risk of undermining the delicate balance of power that the Constitution sought to achieve. Critically examine.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12 Governor is neither a saboteur nor a sage; he is a constitutional functionary who needs to be solely loyal to the Constitution. Critically examine the statement in the light of recent events.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13) Throw light on the various mechanisms for the settlement of disputes related to the equitable sharing of river water among states. Also, evaluate the effectiveness of these mechanisms in the resolution of inter-state river water disputes in the country.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14) How does the inability of local bodies to generate their own funds affect their ability to function effectively? Suggest necessary measures to empower local governments in generating independent revenue streams.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 Critically examine the functioning of National Human Rights Commission of India (NHRC) as an apex institution entrusted with the protection of human rights in the country.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16 \"Right to vote is fundamental to democracy, and depriving undertrial prisoners of this right while allowing contesting elections reflects a flawed legal framework.\" Comment.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17) Examine the scope of partnership between the State and Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) towards improving public service delivery to benefit the common citizen.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18) \"Parliamentary democracy would be incomplete without Parliamentary committees.\" In light of the statement, examine the role of the Public Accounts Committee in establishing financial accountability of the executive.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19) While the NCST has made significant contributions to tribal welfare, a multi-faceted approach is necessary to complement its efforts and ensure the holistic development of tribals. Elaborate.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20) What do you understand by Alternate Dispute Redressal (ADR) mechanisms? What are the reasons for their low adoption as the primary mode of dispute resolution in the country? Suggest measures for improvement.","15","250"],[53,"1 Mentor Feedback Questions\n1 Handwriting legibility, underlining, boxes & headings.\n2 Is Tabular format decent?\n3 Question when I missed making diagrams - where they were mandatory.\n4 Example - enough or more needed?\n5 Any major mistakes?\n6 Tips which are easy to fix - and more rewarding?","",""]]},{"i":870,"t":"Vanaj Vidyan","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":2025,"r":278,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/VANAJ-VIDYAN-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-278-Sample-MGP-Copy-2.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) 'Unconscious biases in parenting continue to shape gendered experiences in India.' Do you agree with this view? Discuss.","10","150"],[5,"b) Distinguish between empathy and compassion. Why are they considered as foundational values in public services?","10","150"],[6,"Why foundational values for civil services","",""],[7,"Q.2) a) The current society is witnessing rising levels of intolerance. What are the consequences of this situation for personal well-being and for societal well-being? What can one do at the personal level to become tolerant?","10","150"],[9,"b) What are the main components of emotional intelligence and how does it help an individual in taking ethical decisions?","10","150"],[11,"Q.3) Given below are the three quotations of great thinkers. What do each of these quotations convey to you in the present context?\na) \"This life is short, the vanities of the world are transient, but they alone live who live for others,\" - Swami Vivekanand","10","150"],[13,"b) \"If you cry because the sun has gone out of your life, your tears will prevent you from seeing the stars.\" - Rabindranath Tagore","10","150"],[15,"c) \"Two ways of building character - cultivating strength to challenge oppression, and tolerate the resultant hardships that give rise to courage and awareness.\" - Sardar Patel","10","150"],[17,"Q.4) a) \"With great power comes great responsibility.\" In the present context, 'Big Tech' headquartered in developed countries wield disproportionate influence over digital infrastructure, personal data, and global narratives—often prioritising profit over ethical considerations. What ethical principles should guide such corporations in building a fair, inclusive, and just global digital framework?","10","150"],[19,"b) What do you understand by the term 'crisis of conscience'? Describe an incident from your life where you experienced such a crisis. How did you deal with it?","10","150"],[21,"Q.5) 8) \"A politics of confession that encourages politicians and parties to confess and offer regret for their errors can surely be a cathartic experience.\" Examine the statement from the ethical point of view.","10","150"],[23,"b) What are the key objectives of the Right to Information Act, 2005? Examine the ethical concerns associated with certain provisions of the Digital Personal Data Protection Act in realizing the objectives of the RTI Act.","10","150"],[25,"Q.6) b) Public spaces serve as arenas of democratic participation and civic expression. Yet in India, they remain deeply gendered, with many women largely confined to the private and domestic sphere. Examine the factors that restrict women's access to public spaces. How can ethical governance help address the issue of gendered spatial control and promote inclusivity in public spaces?","10","150"],[27,"b) Write short notes on the following in 30 words each:\ni) Ethical fading\nii) Conflict of interest\niii) Persuasion\niv) Work culture\nv) Corporate governance","10 marks, 150","30 words each"],[29,"Q.7 A State Government in the northeastern part of the country has launched a series of anti-encroachment drives across forest areas, wetlands, and revenue lands. Under the directions of the Chief Minister, the administration has intensified efforts to reclaim public land, particularly in areas reserved for ecological protection and critical infrastructure development. Most of the time, these actions have been backed by court orders and have resulted in the recovery of thousands of hectares of land. However, in certain regions, the implementation of such drives is fraught with social and political complexities. In several districts, settlements have existed for decades and are inhabited by marginalized communities with limited access to legal rights or formal rehabilitation measures. These areas are often politically sensitive and influenced by local leaders and pressure groups.\nSimanta is posted as Additional Deputy Commissioner (ADC) in one such district. Over the past year, the district administration has attempted to align eviction measures with welfare outreach, including the provision of temporary shelters, relocation assistance, and public consultations. Recently, a major operation was scheduled to clear encroachments from over 140 hectares of forest land within a Reserved Forest, primarily to curb rising instances of human-elephant conflict and to restore ecological balance. Anticipating eviction, some residents approached the High Court seeking a stay. However, the court refused to grant it and directed the administration to proceed with the eviction following due process. Notices were served, and a detailed roadmap was prepared to carry out the operation, which was expected to last 2-3 days due to the scale and remote location. On the first day, Simanta led a team comprising forest officials, municipal workers, and police personnel. Demolitions were conducted peacefully and without major resistance. However, on the second day, when the team returned to the site, a large group of agitated residents—primarily women and children—had gathered. They raised slogans and formed human chains to prevent further evictions. The atmosphere grew tense when some individuals began throwing stones, resulting in serious injury to a municipal worker. The crowd grew increasingly volatile and emotionally charged, demanding an immediate halt to the operation. The police contingent present on the ground was outnumbered by the crowd. Faced with this crisis, some team members pleaded with Simanta to call off the operation, fearing threats to their life and the possibility of a violent escalation. Simanta attempted to contact his superior officer (the Deputy Commissioner), but due to poor mobile connectivity in the forested area, communication could not be established. Meanwhile, several local journalists had arrived and begun reporting on the incident. Simanta is in a dilemma as to what to do.\na. Evaluate the options available with Simanta to cope with the situation.\nb. Which of the above options would be the most appropriate for Simanta and why?\nc. What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by Simanta?\nd. Examine the qualities of a public servant which will be required to manage such situations.","20","250"],[30,"a. स्थिति से निपटने के लिए सिमंता के पास उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन करें।\nb. सिमंता के लिए सबसे उपयुक्त होगा और क्यों?\nc. सिमंता को किन नैतिक दुविधाओं का सामना करना पड़ रहा है?\nd. ऐसी परिस्थितियों का प्रबंधन करने के लिए एक लोक सेवक के गुणों का परीक्षण करें।\na स्थिति से निपटने के लिए सिमंता के पास उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन करें।\nb सिमंता के लिए सबसे उपयुक्त होगा और क्यों?\nc सिमंता को किन नैतिक दुविधाओं का सामना करना पड़ रहा है?\nd ऐसी परिस्थितियों का प्रबंधन करने के लिए एक लोक सेवक के गुणों का परीक्षण करें।","20 अंक","250 शब्द"],[34,"Q.8 Megha is a first-year sociology student at a reputed college in the national capital. She is originally from Tadchiroli, a tribal village in a western Indian state. Megha's family migrated to the city when she was seven years old and had not visited their village since. Though Megha has fond memories of her childhood there, she never deeply understood the customs and traditions of the region. One day, Megha expresses her wish to visit Tadchiroli. Her father agrees and asks her to inform Ratan, her paternal uncle, who still lives in the village with his family. Megha informs Ratan and travels to the village during a semester break. Upon arrival, she receives a warm welcome from Ratan and his family. Later, Ratan invites her to attend a local festival. During the event, Megha notices that her cousin Rinki is missing. Curious, she asks Ratan's wife Ratna why Rinki is not at the festival. Ratna explains that Rinki is on her period, and as per tradition, menstruating girls must stay separately in small huts built specifically for the purpose. Locally known as 'kurma ghars', they are generally located on the periphery of the village, near a river or pond. She further adds that these girls are not allowed to enter the main house or participate in any social or religious activities. Megha is taken aback. She asks whether all women follow this practice. Ratna nods and says it has been the custom for generations. Even schoolgirls stay in these huts and miss classes during their periods. Ratna admits that many in the village, including herself, never questioned the practice. The explanation unsettles Megha. She finds it hard to believe that a natural biological function leads to such exclusion. Before returning to the city, Megha observes that even educated family members seem to accept and follow these customs. The experience leaves a deep impact on her. She starts reading more about menstrual taboos and their impact on women's health, dignity, and education. As a sociology student, she recognises how such traditions are linked to patriarchy and social stigma. She begins to reflect on what she can do at her level to improve the current situation, without alienating the community or disrespecting its traditions.\na. Suggest a course of action Megha can take to sensitize her village community without appearing disrespectful or confrontational.\nb. What ethical principles and methods should guide her actions while engaging with the community?\nc. How is menstruation related to human rights?","20","20"],[35,"a. मेघा द्वारा अपने गांव के समुदाय को असम्मानजनक या टकरावपूर्ण व्यवहार किए बिना संवेदनशील बनाने के लिए अपनाई जा सकने वाली कार्यवाही का सुझाव दीजिए।\nb. समुदाय के साथ जुड़े समय उसके कार्यों को किन नैतिक सिद्धांतों और तरीकों से निर्देशित किया जाना चाहिए?\nc. मासिक धर्म मानव अधिकारों से किस प्रकार संबंधित है?","20","20 अंक"],[39,"Q.9 Gopal is an 80-year-old man living in a remote and an underdeveloped village in a Central Indian state. He had been residing in a small mud house for years. When he came to know about the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana-Gramin (PMAY-G), he saw a glimmer of hope for a pucca house in the last phase of his life. However, the village sarpanch and panchayat secretary told him that to be eligible under the scheme, he must first demolish his existing house so that during a site inspection, no structure would be visible at the location. Subsequently, Gopal demolished his shelter and began living under a babool tree. For nearly six months, he has been staying in the open, braving harsh weather conditions. During this time, he has repeatedly visited the panchayat office but has been told that his application cannot be processed as he lacks the necessary documents.\nYou are the officer-in-charge of implementing PMAY-G in the district. The case of Gopal reaches you through a prominent newspaper report. You personally visit him to understand the situation on the ground. After meeting him and listening to his account, you feel that he certainly needs support. Your enquiries confirm that he is truly destitute and living in a pitiable condition under the open sky. It is also established that he demolished his house based on a faulty interpretation of the scheme by panchayat officials. However, he has no documents to show that he fulfils the eligibility criteria under the scheme.\nNow you are in a dilemma. Including him under the scheme without the necessary documents would clearly be a violation of rules. But denying him support would be cruel and inhuman.\na. Can you think of a rational way to resolve this dilemma?\nb. Give your reasons for it.\nc. What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?","20","250"],[44,"Q.10) You are working as an Assistant Section Officer in the District Development and Panchayat Office. One day, one of your close colleagues approaches you in deep distress. She tells you that her father is suffering from a severe liver condition, and the doctors have clearly stated that he must undergo liver transplant immediately in order to survive. She shares that she has no health insurance, and the surgery would cost around Rs 15 lakh. You are aware that her husband passed away a few years ago, and that she also has a four-year-old son with special needs. Just a few weeks ago, she also lost all her savings in a digital arrest scam. As a widow from a lower middle-class family, her options are extremely limited. Although you feel deeply empathetic, you are unable to offer financial assistance, as you do not have the resources to help. A few weeks later, you enquire about her father's health. She informs you that the liver transplant surgery was successful and that her father is now recovering steadily. Relieved, you ask how she managed to arrange the funds. Hesitantly, she confides that the District Development and Panchayat Officer (DDPO) helped her. Moved by her situation, the DDPO facilitated the release of Rs 15 lakh from the fund allocated to a rural sanitation scheme. The implementation of this scheme had been put on hold for a year due to technical issues and pending site approvals. She explains that the amount was provided on the assurance of strict confidentiality and with a commitment to repay it at the earliest. She expresses deep gratitude for the DDPO's timely help, which she believes saved her father's life. She has already begun repaying the money and will continue to do so until it is all returned.\na. Discuss the ethical issues involved in the case.\nb. Examine the behavior of DPDO from an ethical point of view.\nc. How would you react to the situation?","20 marks, 250","20"],[49,"Q.11 Nithin is the head of the Marketing Department at Pehnava Clothings Ltd., a reputed apparel manufacturing company with a strong global presence. Known for its professionalism and consistent performance, the company had earned a credible name in both domestic and international markets. However, the firm was going through difficult times. For three consecutive quarters, it had witnessed a steep decline in sales. This trend had raised serious concerns among the top management regarding the company's competitiveness, profitability, and long-term stability. To address the situation, the leadership decided to restructure the marketing division and bring in dynamic leadership. A senior marketing executive, Mr. A, was hired after a rigorous selection process. He had an impressive career record and was known for turning around sales performance in other firms and building strong brand identities. With high expectations placed upon him, Mr. A was seen as the key figure to steer the company out of crisis. Mr. A soon began delivering results. Within a year, the company's revenue had almost doubled, and its brand visibility had increased significantly. His bold marketing strategies, proactive outreach, and innovative campaigns received appreciation from various quarters within the company. His performance drew the attention of the top management. There were deliberations about assigning him a larger role within the company, with a focus on long-term business strategy. He was also being considered for an internal award for 'Excellence in Leadership and Innovation'. However, alongside professional success of Mr. A, Nithin began receiving troubling feedback about his conduct in the workplace. Informal reports indicated that he frequently made inappropriate comments about women. In addition, he regularly sent indecent messages via social media apps to all team members, including his female colleagues. Although no formal complaint was lodged initially, Nithin could sense tension within the team, and signs of discomfort were becoming increasingly apparent. Some employees even started avoiding direct interaction with Mr. A. Team morale and interpersonal trust were gradually eroding, but employees remained hesitant to speak openly. The matter escalated one evening when Mrs. X, one of Mr. A's team members approached Nithin. Visibly disturbed and emotionally shaken, she disclosed that Mr. A had repeatedly engaged in inappropriate behavior towards her. She added that Mr. A had been making undesirable advances towards her and had even tried to touch her inappropriately in his cabin. She urged Nithin to take appropriate action in the matter, or else she would have no option but to resign from her position.\na. Bring out the ethical issues involved in this case.\nb. What are the options available to Nithin?\nc. Critically examine each of the options identified by Nithin.\nd. Which of the options, do you think, would be more appropriate for Nithin to adopt and why?","20","20"],[50,"a. इस मामले में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों को स्पष्ट करें।\nb. नितिन के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\nc. नितिन द्वारा पहचाने गए प्रत्येक विकल्प का आलोचनात्मक परीक्षण करें।\nd. नितिन के लिए कौन सा विकल्प अपनाना अधिक उपयुक्त होगा और क्यों?","","20 अंक"],[55,"Q.12 You are appointed as an officer heading the Air Quality Compliance Division of the Environment Pollution Control Board in Delhi-NCR. The region is witnessing alarming levels of air pollution, which typically worsen during the winter months due to various meteorological and anthropogenic factors. The situation has led to severe public health concerns, particularly affecting vulnerable groups such as the elderly, children, and those with respiratory illnesses. The Supreme Court has also raised serious concern over the deteriorating air quality in Delhi-NCR and has directed the administration to take immediate and effective measures to control pollution, especially during the winter months. Your jurisdiction has a large number of small and medium-scale industries that were granted environmental clearance over the years. These industries form the backbone of the local economy and provide employment to a significant number of migrant workers. However, recent inspections and air quality monitoring reports indicate that a significant number of these units are operating in violation of prescribed air emission norms. As part of targeted measures to curb air pollution, you issued notices to all identified polluting units, directing them to apply for fresh environmental clearance certificates from the competent authority. However, your decision triggered strong opposition from a section of industrial units, labour unions, and local politicians. Industrial owners argued that such action would lead to production shutdowns, financial losses, and shortages of their products in the market. Labour unions and workers also protested, fearing mass unemployment and livelihood insecurity. Local politicians and vested interests accused you of jeopardising the socio-economic stability of the region. You received representations from various quarters urging you to withdraw the notices and not initiate harsh measures, citing the interests of multiple stakeholders. Additionally, you began receiving anonymous threats, aimed at coercing you into reversing your decision. On the other hand, several of your colleagues supported your stance, encouraging you to act in the larger public interest. Several local NGOs and environmental groups rallied behind your actions, demanding the immediate closure of polluting units.\na. Under the given conditions, what are the options available to you?\nb. Critically evaluate each of the options listed by you.\nc. What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by you?","20","250"],[60,"1 Please review case study in detail - intro - body - conclusion\n3 Are keywords sufficient?\n4 In case study is course of action justified properly?\n6 Are personal examples here fine?\n7 Presentation?","",""]]},{"i":1057,"t":"Varnit Negi","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1oPEl03NQTrC949ztXKSzycqX9RQOvjcc/view","q":[[3,"Q.1) Differentiate between the following using suitable examples:\na) Attitude and Aptitude.\nb) Empathy and Compassion.\nc) Responsibility and Accountability.\nd) Intelligence and Emotional intelligence.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Analyze Plato's Theory of Virtue in the Indian context.","10","150"],[7,"Given are two quotations. For each of these bring out what it means to you by giving real-life examples.\n(a) \"A Leader is one who admits when he has made a mistake and has the grace to correct it, before it does any more harm\".","20",""],[9,"(b) “For a man to conquer himself is the first and noblest of all victories”.","",""],[11,"Q.4) Discuss the role of emotional intelligence for a public servant in crisis management. Give suitable examples.","10","150"],[13,"Q.5) What do you understand by 'Code of Ethics' & 'Code of Conduct'? Do you think there is a need to shift from Code of Conduct to Code of Ethics?","10","150"],[15,"Q.6) How far do you agree that probity is an essential and vital requirement for an efficient and effective system of governance and for socio-economic development? Justify.","10","150"],[17,"Q.7 RTI has achieved much but clearly, it seems to have reached a stage where the need for a 'Second Revolution' has become inevitable. Examine.","10","150"],[19,"Q.8 Motivation is the reason for people's actions, desires, and needs. How do you keep yourself motivated? Illustrate giving two examples from your study room that motivates you and why.","10","150"],[21,"Q.9 Corruption though unethical has been seen to benefit citizens time and again. Do you agree? Discuss with real-life examples.","10","150"],[23,"Q.10) What factors do you think are responsible for increasing involvement of juveniles in crimes? How can social influence and Persuasion help them to secure a better future?","10","150"],[25,"Q.11 Discuss the role of family in inculcating values in your life. What modifications would you like to make in such values while passing it on to your children?","10","150"],[27,"Q.12) Hatred is a harmful negative emotion. It is injurious to both personal life and work life.\na) Discuss how it leads to negative emotions and undesirable behaviour.\nb) How can it be managed and controlled?","10","150"],[29,"Q.13 You are the Deputy Commissioner of Delhi Transport Corporation (DTC) and are given the responsibility to formulate a Citizens' Charter of the department. How should you go about it?","20","300"],[33,"Q.14) You have joined a government district hospital as a junior doctor. After working for few months, you find that substantial misappropriation of public funds is taking place. The fund was meant for procurement of medical devices and essential medicines which are being diverted to private clinics of doctors working in the hospital and to the private pharmacies. You report this to your immediate senior and you find that he too is involved in this, along with the chief medical officer. He asks you to keep quiet and come along or face adverse consequences.\n\nEvery day you find people spending out of their pockets for medicines to which they are entitled free of cost. What options do you have to ensure probity in the utilization of funds in this case? Which one will you choose and why?","20","300"],[37,"Q.15 Three years back, you and your father took a joint-loan from a bank to start a new business. Despite best attempts, the business failed miserably and now neither you nor your father has money to pay it back to the bank. Your father plans to flee the country with the entire family to avoid bank's harassment, legal procedure and societal pressure.\nWhat will you do in such a situation? Give reasons.\nAlso suggest measures to stop people from fleeing the country post getting indicted for serious criminal activities including economic offences?","20","300"],[41,"Q.16) You are newly selected for an International cricket match against Pakistan. Just before the match captain of the team calls you aside and tells you to use sticking gum to alter the condition of the ball during the match. You know that this is a clear case of ball tampering which is illegal in international cricket. Subsequently, you come to know that several senior players are also involved in this. Also, this match is very important for the team for two reasons i.e. 1. To maintain 1st ODI ranking in ICC & 2. It is with Pakistan wherein sentiments of the country are grossly involved.\nGiven this situation, answer the following questions\n1. What are the ethical issues involved with Ball-tampering?\n2. What are the options available to you? Discuss the merits and demerits of each. Also, what would be your response to the situation?","20","300"],[45,"Q.17 An extensive forest fire near the town has taken the following into its flames; 1. Nearby slums 2. House of Collector With collector inside 3. ITBP Training Camp 4. An Old Age Home 5. A Hospital You as the chief of fire control authority of the district notice that only one functional fire brigade is available which cannot attend fires of all the places at a time. What would be your decision in such a case and why? Give Justifications.","20","300"]]},{"i":873,"t":"Varun Tokas","c":"Vision","p":"GS1","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/a8a69-46100045_2713_varun-tokas_rank_117.pdf","q":[[3,"1. Nalanda was not only a center of learning, but also a hub for scholars from across Asia. Comment.","10","150"],[5,"2. Domingo Paes, a 16th-century Portuguese traveller, equated Vijayanagara to Rome, highlighting its architectural splendour. What made Vijayanagara the epitome of urbanisation in pre-modern South India? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[7,"3. What were the various ways in which nationalism manifested itself in India after the advent of Mahatma Gandhi? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[9,"4. How did the Emergency (1975-77) impact India's democratic institutions and political landscape? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[11,"5. Identify the major tsunamigenic zones in the Indian Ocean and explain the mechanism of tsunami wave propagation.","10","150"],[13,"6. Discuss the factors responsible for the shift of the sugar industry from North to South India.","10","150"],[15,"7. What is thermokarst? Analyse its growing relevance in the context of Arctic permafrost thawing and global climate change.","10","150"],[17,"8. India's slow pace of urbanisation poses significant challenges to its economic and social progress. Examine the factors responsible for this trend.","10","150"],[19,"9. How does India's diversity influence its democracy? Discuss the initiatives taken to leverage this diversity for national integration.","10","150"],[21,"10. Examine the role of grassroots women's organisations in transforming rural livelihoods and social attitudes.","10","150"],[23,"11. Indian folk and tribal arts are vibrant, living traditions that are passed through generations. Discuss the role of women in preserving traditional knowledge and cultural heritage.","15","250"],[26,"12. What were the causes and consequences of the Partition of Bengal in 1905? How did it reshape the nationalist strategy in the early 20th century?","15","250"],[29,"13. How did the \"Century of Humiliation\" (1839-1949) shape modern China's national identity and its approach to foreign relations? Discuss with reference to key events.","15","250"],[32,"14. Analyze the factors contributing to the concentration of the jute industry in eastern India. Also, discuss the key challenges currently faced by the jute industry.","15","250"],[35,"15. Enumerate the environmental conditions conducive to the formation of coral reefs. Discuss the major natural and anthropogenic factors responsible for their degradation. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[38,"16. Discuss the factors contributing to the early onset of the monsoon in India. Analyze its socio-economic impacts.","15","Answer in 250"],[41,"17. What is Transit Oriented Development (TOD)? Discuss its relevance in addressing urban sprawl, mobility challenges, and inclusive growth in Indian cities.","15","250"],[44,"18. Urban poverty in India persists despite high economic growth. What are the structural causes of urban poverty in India? Suggest appropriate measures to address the problem of urban poverty.","15","Answer in 250"],[47,"19. Evaluate the implications of rising divorce rates and delayed marriages on the family system in India.","15","250"],[50,"20. Globalization has brought new opportunities as well as challenges for children in India. Examine.","15","250"]]},{"i":872,"t":"Varun Tokas","c":"Vision","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/74ce6-46100045_3612_varun-tokas_rank_117.pdf","q":[[3,"1. (a) As AI systems become deeply embedded in societal frameworks, it is imperative to ensure their design and deployment prioritize human well-being, equity, and fairness. In this context, what values should guide the development of trustworthy, human-centered AI systems? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[5,"1. (b) Ethical leadership is crucial for fostering good governance, as it emphasizes core values such as justice, accountability, and equity. In the face of diverse and challenging scenarios, how can ethical leadership drive transformative change in governance and decision-making? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[7,"2. (a) Integrity and impartiality are cornerstones of ethical public service, ensuring that decisions are not influenced by personal gains or biases. Upholding these values becomes challenging in situations where external pressures conflict with administrative responsibilities. Examine the importance of integrity and impartiality in civil services. How can a civil servant navigate external pressures to maintain these values while delivering effective governance? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[9,"2. (b) Transparency is not just a tool to combat corruption but a fundamental practice that upholds the integrity and legitimacy of public institutions. Examine the above statement with suitable examples.","10","150"],[11,"3 Given below are three quotations of great thinkers. What do each of these quotations convey to you in the present context?\n3. (a) \"He who is not contented with what he has would not be contented with what he would like to have.\" - Socrates (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[13,"3. (b) \"Cultivation of mind should be the ultimate aim of human existence\" - Dr. B.R. Ambedkar (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[15,"3. (c) \"The true measure of a man is how he treats someone who can do him absolutely no good.\" - Samuel Johnson (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[17,"4. (a) Examine the role of social media in shaping moral and political attitudes in contemporary society. Suggest guiding principles for fostering responsible and ethical social media usage. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[19,"4. (b) While Emotional Intelligence (EI) can be a powerful tool for strengthening interpersonal relationships and achieving goals, its misuse raises ethical concerns of manipulating emotions for personal or political advantage. Discuss the dual-edged nature of EI in this context.","10","150"],[21,"5. (a) Preventive measures play a crucial role in curbing corruption in the long run. In this context, what are the existing preventive mechanisms that aim to prevent corruption? Do you think similar mechanisms should be institutionalized at the organizational level to ensure greater accountability and transparency? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[23,"5. (b) A public servant's primary duty is to recognise the importance of public interest and ensure that it is upheld. How can a public servant balance professional responsibilities while ensuring the public good is effectively served?","10","Answer in 150"],[25,"6. (a) With the increasing role of the corporate sector in wealth generation and employment, ethical governance has become essential. Identify and discuss the ethical principles that should guide the corporate sector to ensure the interests of stakeholders and societal well-being.","10","150"],[27,"6. (b) How does whistleblowing influence trust and accountability in governance? Analyse the ethical dilemmas involved in whistleblowing. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[29,"7. In the following questions, carefully study the cases presented and then answer the questions that follow (in around 250 words):\n(a) इस प्रकरण में शामिल प्रमुख हितधारकों की पहचान कीजिए और उनके संबंधित हितों का विश्लेषण कीजिए।\n(b) आर्थिक विकास, पर्यावरणीय संवेदनशीलता और जनजातीय अधिकारों के बीच संतुलन बनाने में अधिकारी द्वारा सामना की जाने वाली नैतिक दुविधाओं पर चर्चा कीजिए। (उत्तर 250 शब्दों में दीजिए)","","around 250"],[30,"(a) Identify the key stakeholders involved in the case and analyze their respective interests.\n(b) Discuss the ethical dilemmas faced by the officer in balancing economic development, environmental sustainability, and tribal rights. (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[34,"8 (a) Identify and analyze the ethical issues involved in the case.\n(b) Discuss the possible courses of action available to Akshay. What would be the most ethical and appropriate course of action in this situation? Justify your response. (Answer in 250 words)\na) Identify and analyze the ethical issues involved in the case.\nb) Discuss the possible courses of action available to Akshay. What would be the most ethical and appropriate course of action in this situation? Justify your response. (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[39,"(a) धामक सूचना संबंधी संकट से निपटने में इशिता द्वारा सामना की जाने वाली नैतिक दुविधाओं की पहचान कीजिए।\n(b) अभिव्यक्ति की स्वतंत्रता, सार्वजनिक व्यवस्था और सरकारी निर्देशों के बीच संतुलन बनाने में इशिता द्वारा क्या कार्रवाई की जानी चाहिए? अपने उत्तर का औचित्य सिद्ध कीजिए।\n(c) प्राकृतिक आपदाओं के दौरान धामक सूचना को रोकने के लिए क्या कदम उठाए जा सकते हैं? (उत्तर 250 शब्दों में दीजिए)\na) धामक सूचना संबंधी संकट से निपटने में इशिता द्वारा सामना की जाने वाली नैतिक दुविधाओं की पहचान कीजिए।\nb) अभिव्यक्ति की स्वतंत्रता, सार्वजनिक व्यवस्था और सरकारी निर्देशों के बीच संतुलन बनाने में इशिता द्वारा क्या कार्रवाई की जानी चाहिए? अपने उत्तर का औचित्य सिद्ध कीजिए।\nc) प्राकृतिक आपदाओं के दौरान धामक सूचना को रोकने के लिए क्या कदम उठाए जा सकते हैं? (उत्तर 250 शब्दों में दीजिए)","","250 शब्दों में"],[40,"(a) Identify the ethical dilemmas faced by Ishita in handling the misinformation crisis.\n(b) What should be Ishita's course of action in balancing freedom of speech, public order, and government directives? Justify your response.\n(c) What steps can be taken to prevent misinformation during natural disasters? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[44,"10 As a Quality Control Officer at the India unit of a multinational corporation (MNC), you uncover a serious ethical issue—products sold in India are of inferior quality compared to those in developed countries, potentially compromising consumer safety. When you escalate the issue to the Head of Quality Control, he dismisses your concerns, justifying the discrepancy by stating that different markets follow different standards. He further warns that exposing the issue could lead to job losses, possible closure of the India unit, and your own termination. You now face a personal and professional dilemma. On one hand, your father is critically ill, and as the sole earning member, losing your job could jeopardize his treatment. On the other hand, staying silent would mean compromising professional integrity and endangering consumer safety.\n(a) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\n(b) What are the options available to the Quality Control Officer to address this issue?\n(c) What responsibilities do corporations have towards consumers in different markets?","","Answer in 250"],[49,"11 You are the District Magistrate of a district renowned as the hub for coaching centres specializing in engineering and medical entrance exams. Recently, the district has witnessed a tragic rise in student suicides, with five students in the age group of 15-18 years taking their own lives. These students, who came from various parts of the country, sought admission to prestigious institutions like IITs and AIIMS but were subjected to immense academic and social pressure. The coaching centres, which are largely managed by influential political figures from the ruling party, are reported to have prioritized rankings and revenue generation over the well-being of students.\n(a) Highlight the stakeholders involved and discuss the associated ethical issues in the given case.\n(b) Given the situation, what will be your course of action as the District Magistrate?\n(c) Discussing the various reasons for the increasing number of suicides among students, suggest long-term measures to address this issue. (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[54,"12 Priya, an IAS officer serving as the Municipal Commissioner of ABC City, is faced with a challenging ethical dilemma. The state government has approved a Smart City project, which includes the construction of a multi-lane expressway and modern commercial complexes. The project aims to boost economic activity, enhance urban mobility, and attract investment, positioning ABC as a model for sustainable urban development. However, the proposed expressway passes through the old city area, which is home to centuries-old heritage buildings, temples, and a community of artisans who rely on tourism and handicrafts for their livelihood. Experts warn that the construction will lead to the demolition of historic structures and the displacement of traditional craftsmen, thereby threatening the city's cultural identity. Heritage conservationists and local communities are strongly opposing the project, advocating for alternative routes or modifications to preserve the old city's heritage. Conversely, business groups, real estate developers, and political leaders argue that urban development is essential for progress and that heritage concerns should not obstruct modernization. Priya must navigate these conflicting interests, ensuring that the government's urban development agenda is implemented while also safeguarding the city's rich cultural heritage and the livelihoods of vulnerable communities.\n(a) Identify the key stakeholders involved in the case and analyze their respective interests.\n(b) Discuss the ethical dilemmas faced by Priya in balancing urban development, heritage conservation, and the rights of local communities. (Answer in 250 words)","","250"]]},{"i":874,"t":"Varun Tokas","c":"Vision","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/4e783-46100045_2714_varun-tokas_rank_117.pdf","q":[[3,"Q1. Delegated legislation is a pragmatic response to the limitations of the legislature but poses challenges to the separation of powers in India. Examine.","10","150"],[5,"Q2. How does the federal structure of India differ from that of the United States?","10","150"],[7,"Q3. The Chief Election Commissioner and Other Election Commissioners Act, 2023 has sparked concerns about the erosion of the Election Commission's autonomy. Critically examine. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[9,"Q4. Discuss the key objectives of the e-Courts Project. How does it contribute to enhancing access to justice and improving judicial efficiency in India?","10","150"],[11,"Q5. Discuss the role of digital platforms in empowering SHGs and enhancing their market linkage and credit access. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[13,"Q6. Analyze the potential of the Institutions of Eminence (IoE) scheme in elevating India's higher education to global standards.","10","150"],[15,"Q7. While income poverty has declined, nutritional poverty persists in India. How can the present food security interventions of the government be restructured to address this concern holistically? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[17,"Q8. Discuss the significance of the SMILE scheme in addressing the vulnerabilities of transgender persons and beggars in India.","10","150"],[19,"Q9. \"जो महासागरों पर नियंत्रण रखता है, वह विश्व पर शासन करता है।\" इस कथन के आलोक में, भारत की समुद्री रणनीति में सागर (SAGAR) से महासागर (MAHASAGAR) तक हुए बदलाव पर चर्चा कीजिए।\nWhoever controls the oceans, runs the world. In this context, discuss the shift in India's maritime strategy from SAGAR to MAHASAGAR. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[21,"Q10. Evaluate the role of the India-UK FTA in facilitating greater market access and professional mobility. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[23,"Q11. Examine the role of inter-governmental institutions in facilitating cooperative dialogue and resolving critical governance challenges in India.","15","250"],[26,"Q12. Despite being an important instrument of legislative initiative, Private Member's Bills rarely become laws in India. Examine the factors responsible for this trend. Also, suggest measures to strengthen the role of Private Members in the legislative process.","15","250"],[29,"Q13. Discuss the major challenges in effective devolution of funds, functions, and functionaries to the Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) in India.","15","250"],[32,"Q14. Lok Adalats and Alternate Dispute Resolution mechanisms have improved access to justice but face limitations in delivering substantive justice. Discuss. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[35,"Q15. Critically evaluate the Smart Cities Mission in achieving sustainable urban development and enhancing quality of life in India.","15","Answer in 250"],[38,"Q16. Assess the effectiveness of the Right to Information Act, 2005 in ensuring transparency and accountability in governance in the last two decades.","15","250"],[41,"Q17. Despite progress in healthcare infrastructure and policy reforms, India continues to face critical challenges in the primary healthcare sector. Discuss.","15","250"],[44,"Q18. What are the key objectives of the Pradhan Mantri Van Dhan Yojana (PMVDY)? How does the scheme contribute to the economic empowerment of tribal communities in India? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[47,"Q19. India-Bangladesh relations, once marked by shared history and cultural proximity, are now shaped by strategic calculus, regional competition, and shifting domestic politics in both countries. Discuss.","15","250"],[50,"Q20. Critically examine the effectiveness of the UNSC in addressing contemporary crises related to international peace and security. What reforms are necessary to enhance its credibility and responsiveness? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"]]},{"i":875,"t":"Varun Tokas","c":"Vision","p":"GS3","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/23ca7-46100045_2715_varun-tokas_rank_117.pdf","q":[[3,"1. How can food processing units based on regional agricultural specializations facilitate grassroots-level transformation? Discuss with suitable examples from different regions of India. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[5,"2. Discuss how digitization has emerged as the primary driver of inclusive growth in India.","10","150"],[7,"3. How does the Digital Agriculture Mission leverage technology to transform the lives of farmers in India? Substantiate your answer with relevant examples.","10","150"],[9,"4. Setting up new industrial infrastructure for renewable energy in India is a daunting task. How does the government plan to encourage private sector participation in this emerging sector? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[11,"5. What are the key macroeconomic consequences of rising global crude oil prices for India? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[13,"6. E-waste management is not just a corporate responsibility, but it starts at home. Delineate the responsibilities of different stakeholders in this regard.","10","150"],[15,"7. How can emerging technologies be leveraged to strengthen drought mitigation efforts in India? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[17,"8. Briefly explain the 'Hoyle-Narlikar Theory of Gravity' developed by Prof. Jayant Narlikar and Sir Fred Hoyle. How did it impact the contemporary discourse on the origin and fate of the universe? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[19,"9. How does the spread of fake news pose a threat to national security? Discuss the measures to counter this challenge.","10","150"],[21,"10. Explain how India faces numerous challenges in combating Transnational Organized Crime (TOC). Comment on the measures being taken to counter this threat. (Answer in 150 words)","","150"],[23,"11. Examine the significance of pulses in ensuring dietary diversity, soil health, and sustainable agriculture. What challenges do farmers face in terms of production and marketing of these crops? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[26,"12 What are the safety challenges faced by the aviation sector in India? In this context, discuss the key provisions of The Bharatiya Vayuyan Adhiniyam, 2024.","15","Answer in 250"],[29,"13. What are the causes for sharp depreciation in the value of rupee in the last few years? Discuss the merits and demerits of rupee depreciation on the Indian economy. Highlight the tools used by the RBI to manage currency volatility.","15","Answer in 250"],[32,"14. Examine the role of digitization of land records under the Digital India Land Records Modernization Programme (DILRMP) in improving land governance in India. What are the key challenges in its implementation?","15","Answer in 250"],[35,"15. In the context of Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) agreement under the Nagoya Protocol to the Convention on Biological Diversity, what is Digital Sequence Information (DSI)? How does DSI complicate the traditional method of managing ABS? In this light, delineate the provisions of the new Biological Diversity (Access and Benefit Sharing) Regulation 2025.","15","Answer in 250"],[38,"16. Urban fires are becoming difficult to control due to growing temperatures, failing infrastructure, and poor planning. Discuss the causes of this disaster. Mention the features of two such major fires in the last two decades in India. Describe the policies and frameworks in India that aim at tackling such fires.","15","250"],[41,"17. Uncrewed missions now accomplish most objectives at far lower cost and risk. In this backdrop, examine the rationale for continuing crewed spaceflight. Also assess how India's participation in the Axiom-4 mission could influence the development of the proposed Bharatiya Antariksh Station (BAS).","15","250"],[44,"18. What is the low-Earth-orbit (LEO) constellation technology being employed for next-generation satellite internet services? Explain its working principle, enumerate its advantages over geostationary systems, and mention the major limitations it still faces.","15","250"],[47,"19. What is the role of the Multi-Agency Centre (MAC) and NATGRID in intelligence sharing? Assess their effectiveness in tackling real-time threats and propose measures to enhance both data security and inter-agency responsiveness.","15","250"],[50,"20. The convergence of peer-to-peer cryptocurrencies with traditional hawala has created an opaque transnational value-transfer network. Examine how this crypto-hawala nexus operates and why it poses challenges for India's anti-money-laundering and counter-terrorist-financing regime. Also, discuss the steps taken so far.","15","Answer in 250"]]},{"i":871,"t":"Varun Tokas","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/cdd4c-46100045_2716_varun-tokas_rank_117.pdf","q":[[3,"1. (a) The consequences of ethical actions are shaped by the intent behind them, but good intentions may lead to unintended harm. Examine this statement with suitable examples. Is it correct to decide rightness or wrongness of an act by looking at the intention of the person who carries it out? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[5,"1. (b) The persistence of dowry in Indian society reflects deeper issues of lack of sensitivity as well as institutional apathy. Discuss how ethical transformation is more important than mere legal enforcement in such cases.","10","150"],[7,"2. (a) Probity in governance is not just about laws, but about ethical leadership. Discuss this statement in the context of challenges faced by public officials in high-stakes situations.","10","150"],[9,"2. (b) Ethical governance is not merely about avoiding wrongdoing, it is about proactively fostering an environment where ethical conduct is the norm. Discuss.","10","150"],[11,"3 Given below are three quotations of great thinkers. What do each of these quotations convey to you in the present context?\n3. (a) \"You may never know what results come of your actions. But if you do nothing, there will be no result.\" - Mahatma Gandhi (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[13,"3. (b) \"Man is the master weaver both of the inner garment of character and the outer garment of circumstance.\"- James Allen (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[15,"3. (c) \"The virtuous man is he who chooses the mean between excess and deficiency.\" - Aristotle (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[17,"4. (a) In an age of hyper-digital activity and constant online presence, discuss the need for developing Digital Emotional Intelligence (DEI) among individuals, especially public servants.","10","150"],[19,"4. (b) In the context of climate change, how can value-based persuasion be more effective than rule-based enforcement in changing public behaviour? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[21,"5. (a) A company is only as ethical as the decisions it makes when it's under pressure. In light of this statement, discuss the ethical dilemmas faced by organizations during economic downturns. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[23,"5. (b) Discuss the ethical implications of war-induced displacement of refugees. How should countries balance national interest with their moral responsibility towards refugees? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[25,"6. (a) What teachings of Vardhaman Mahavira are most relevant today and why? Discuss.","10","Answer in 150"],[27,"6. (b) Dedication to public service forms one of the foundational values for a civil servant. Discuss how it goes beyond professional duty.","10","150"],[29,"7. In the following questions, carefully study the cases presented and then answer the questions that follow (in around 250 words):\n(a) Discuss the key ethical issues involved in this case.\n(b) Analyze the role of peers in influencing adolescent decision-making.\n(c) Discuss the evolving nature of responsibilities of parents and schools in helping adolescents deal with situations of emotional distress.","20","250"],[34,"8. (a) इस मामले में मुख्य हितधारक कौन हैं? उनके दृष्टिकोण और परस्पर विरोधी हितों का विश्लेषण कीजिए।\n(b) जिला कलेक्टर के रूप में, इस स्थिति से निपटने के लिए आपके पास कौन-कौन से विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं? प्रत्येक विकल्प के गुण-दोषों का मूल्यांकन कीजिए।\n(c) आप क्या कदम उठाएंगे और क्यों? अपने निर्णय का औचित्य सिद्ध कीजिए।\na) इस मामले में मुख्य हितधारक कौन हैं? उनके दृष्टिकोण और परस्पर विरोधी हितों का विश्लेषण कीजिए।\nb) जिला कलेक्टर के रूप में, इस स्थिति से निपटने के लिए आपके पास कौन-कौन से विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं? प्रत्येक विकल्प के गुण-दोषों का मूल्यांकन कीजिए।\nc) आप क्या कदम उठाएंगे और क्यों? अपने निर्णय का औचित्य सिद्ध कीजिए।","",""],[35,"Local tensions rise as environmental NGOs begin posting satellite-based evidence of illegal trawling. Fishermen's cooperatives are protesting, arguing that they have no alternative source of income, and any seizure of boats will push hundreds into destitution. They threaten to block access to the district harbour and dump fish waste outside government offices if strict enforcement continues.\n(a) Who are the principal stakeholders in this case? Analyse their perspectives and conflicting interests.\n(b) As the District Collector, what are the various options available to you to address the situation? Evaluate the merits and demerits of each option.\n(c) What course of action would you take and why? Justify your decision.","20","Answer in 250"],[39,"(a) What are the key ethical dilemmas you face in using animals for cosmetic research?\n(a) कॉस्मेटिक शोध के लिए पशुओं का उपयोग करने में आपके सामने कौन-सी प्रमुख नैतिक दुविधाएं आती हैं?\n(b) इस स्थिति में आपके पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं? आपको कौन-सा विकल्प चुनना चाहिए और क्यों?\n(c) कंपनी के भावी शोध में पशु परीक्षण पर निर्भरता को कम करने के लिए आप क्या उपाय सुझा सकते हैं?","",""],[40,"(b) and (c) (b) What are the options available to you in this scenario? Which option should you choose and why?\n(c) What measures can you propose to reduce the reliance on animal testing in the company's future research? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[44,"10. (a) मोहित को किन नैतिक दुविधाओं का सामना करना पड़ रहा है?\n(b) डिप्टी कमिश्नर के रूप में मोहित के लिए उपलब्ध सभी विकल्पों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\n(c) स्थिति की गंभीर प्रकृति को देखते हुए मोहित को क्या कदम उठाने चाहिए?\na) मोहित को किन नैतिक दुविधाओं का सामना करना पड़ रहा है?\nb) डिप्टी कमिश्नर के रूप में मोहित के लिए उपलब्ध सभी विकल्पों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\nc) स्थिति की गंभीर प्रकृति को देखते हुए मोहित को क्या कदम उठाने चाहिए?","",""],[45,"(a) What are the ethical dilemmas that Mohit faces?\n(b) Discuss all the options available to Mohit as the Deputy Commissioner.\n(c) What course of action should Mohit take given the critical nature of the situation? (Answer in 250 words)\na) What are the ethical dilemmas that Mohit faces?\nb) Discuss all the options available to Mohit as the Deputy Commissioner.\nc) What course of action should Mohit take given the critical nature of the situation? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[49,"11 You have recently been appointed as the Chief Secretary of a state. Soon after, you receive multiple reports highlighting instances of unprofessional conduct by several civil servants, including officers of the All India Services. These include publicly displaying political allegiance at government functions, engaging in culturally inappropriate gestures such as touching political leaders' feet, and posting controversial or sensitive opinions on social media platforms that could be interpreted as partisan and breach of civil service norms.\n\nThese actions have triggered criticism from the public and media, raising concerns about the erosion of the neutrality, integrity, and discipline expected of public servants. You believe that these actions, if left unchecked, could damage the credibility of the administration and the trust reposed in it by the people.\n\nYou now face the challenge of taking corrective measures to ensure that such incidents are not repeated, while also maintaining morale within the services and avoiding overly harsh or demotivating actions.\n(a) What are the ethical concerns in this case?\n(b) As the Chief Secretary, what steps should you take to address the situation?\n(c) How can a balance be maintained between respecting personal freedom and upholding professional standards of civil servants?","","Answer in 250"],[54,"12. You are the newly appointed Superintendent of Police (SP) of Puri district, Odisha, brought in after a tragic stampede during the recent Rath Yatra festival that claimed three lives and injured over fifty devotees. An official inquiry cited serious lapses in crowd control, poor coordination among police units, and the controversial prioritization of VIP access over the safety of ordinary devotees as contributing factors.\nWith three more major rituals of the Rath Yatra scheduled over the next week, and a turnout expected to cross 10 lakh devotees, you are tasked with ensuring foolproof security and achieving zero casualties. As you prepare the revised plan\n(a) आप किन नैतिक दुविधाओं का सामना कर रहे हैं?\n(b) इस स्थिति से निपटने के लिए आपके पास कौन-से विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\n(c) आपके विचार से इनमें से कौन-सा विकल्प आपके लिए सबसे उपयुक्त होगा और क्यों?\n(d) बड़े धार्मिक समारोहों के प्रबंधन में विशेष रूप से वी.आई.पी. प्रवेश के साथ-साथ सार्वजनिक सुरक्षा से संबंधित चुनौतियों के दीर्घकालिक समाधान के लिए आप कौन-से प्रणालीगत सुधार सुझाएंगे?","",""],[55,"(a) What are the ethical dilemmas that you face?\n(b) What are the options available to you to cope with this situation?\n(c) Which of the options, do you think, would be the most appropriate for you to adopt and why?\n(d) What systemic reforms would you suggest for the long-term resolution of such challenges in managing large religious gatherings, particularly concerning VIP access as well as public safety? (Answer in 250 words)\na) What are the ethical dilemmas that you face?\nb) What are the options available to you to cope with this situation?\nc) Which of the options, do you think, would be the most appropriate for you to adopt and why?\nd) What systemic reforms would you suggest for the long-term resolution of such challenges in managing large religious gatherings, particularly concerning VIP access as well as public safety?","","250"]]},{"i":876,"t":"Vibhor Bhardwaj","c":"Forumias","p":"GS3","y":2024,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/VIBHOR-BHARDWAJ-UPSC-2024-Rank-19-MGP-Sample-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) Achieving inclusive growth requires a multidimensional approach that goes beyond economic growth. Discuss in context of India.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Examine the implications of the expansion of gig workforce on economic growth and employment scenario in the country.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) What is precision agriculture? How can precision agriculture help in optimizing crop production and resource management?","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) While MSMEs are the backbone of the Indian economy, they encounter various hurdles in their operation and expansion. Discuss. Also, suggest steps to support the growth of the MSME sector.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5 Explain the significance of Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) in transforming India into a knowledge-based and innovation-driven economy. Also, mention various government initiatives aimed at strengthening the protection and enforcement of IPRs in India.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) Gaganyaan mission is a landmark endeavour for India, marking significant advancements in space exploration and contributing to broader national objectives; however, overcoming the associated technical and safety challenges is crucial for its success. Analyse.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) What are the challenges in the safe management of e-waste in India? How can collaboration among multiple stakeholders help in sustainable e-waste management?","10","150"],[17,"Q.8 Define Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and mention its various stages. Also, highlight the significance of EIA in balancing developmental needs with environmental conservation in the country.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9) Integrated Theatre Commands shall bring jointness in operation, synergy of resources and enable armed forces in carrying out swift, effective, and decisive actions. Do you agree with this view? Justify your answer.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10) India's internal security dynamics is inextricably linked with the peace and stability in the neighborhood. Explain with special reference to instability on the eastern border.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11) The introduction of Goods and Services Tax (GST) was hailed as a transformative fiscal reform; however, the journey of GST has been a mixed bag of successes and challenges. Analyse.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12) Discuss the potential of food processing sector in addressing the issues of low value addition, high post-harvest losses and disguised unemployment plaguing Indian agriculture. Also, explain why the sector has underperformed despite its significant potential.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 Despite the government's ambitious targets, rooftop solar installations in India are hindered by multiple factors. Elaborate. How far do you think that PM Surya Ghar Yojana can incentivise the adoption of rooftop solar installations?","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 Agricultural marketing reforms are imperative for addressing market inefficiencies and boosting farm incomes. Analyse.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 Discuss the contribution of livestock sector to the rural economy and the empowerment of women. Also, highlight main challenges faced by the livestock sector in the country and suggest strategies to overcome these challenges.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16) Generative AI holds immense potential to transform various aspects of daily life, offering both benefits and challenges. Elaborate. What policy measures do you suggest to maximize its benefits and mitigate its risks?","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 Describe the major outcomes of the 28th session of the Conference of Parties (COP) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). What were the major engagements of India in this conference?","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 Explain the causes and impacts of landslides. Also, discuss the various measures to mitigate their impact, with a special emphasis on National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) guidelines.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 Left-Wing Extremism (LWE) is showing a downward trend, but still affects many parts of the country. Highlighting the reasons for the continuance of LWE in certain pockets, suggest strategies to deal with this menace.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20) Analyse how the adoption of emerging and disruptive technologies for money laundering is adding new layers of complexity to an already intricate issue. Also, highlight the measures taken to tackle the problem of money laundering both at national and international levels.","15","250"]]},{"i":1058,"t":"Vidushi Singh","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1fZOeuHXJcEzg1yh7oIn213LDwzti0zi0/view","q":[[3,"1. (a) Explain why altruism constitutes one of the core values in public life. In this regard, suggest some measures to foster altruistic behaviour in public services.","10","150"],[5,"1. (b) Certain actions can be right even though they do not maximize good consequences, for the rightness of such actions consists in their representing certain norms. Discuss with examples.","10","150"],[7,"2. (a) With the help of appropriate examples, discuss the ethical challenges involved in policing in India. Also, highlight the reasons behind corruption in the police force.","10","150"],[9,"2. (b) A right combination of spirit and structure is integral to ethical corporate governance. Discuss.","10","150"],[11,"3. (a) It is not only public servants, but also the common citizens who play a key role in institutionalising high standards of ethical conduct and good governance. Elaborate.","10","150"],[13,"3. (b) Public administration in India suffers from the 'working-in-silos' culture. In this context, discuss the importance of cooperation, coordination and collaboration for efficient governance.","10","150"],[15,"4. (a) While emotional intelligence is an essential tool for a public servant, it can also be misused to manipulate people to act against their own interests. Discuss with examples.","10","150"],[17,"4. (b) Social influence is an ambivalent concept. It can be a source for good, bad and even for evil. Discuss with the help of relevant examples.","10","150"],[19,"5. (a) Effective public service delivery demands a people-centric approach, which is built upon coordination and leverages technology. Discuss.","10","150"],[21,"5. (b) Highlight the important teachings of Kautilya that are relevant to public services in 21st century India.","10","150"],[23,"6. What do each of the following quotations mean to you?\n(a) \"What counts in life is not the mere fact that we have lived. It is what difference we have made to the lives of others that will determine the significance of the life we lead.\" Nelson Mandela","10","150"],[25,"6. (b) \"I care only for the Spirit - when that is right, everything will be righted by itself\". Swami Vivekananda.","10","150"],[27,"6. (c) \"True peace is not merely the absence of tension; it is the presence of justice.\" Martin Luther King Jr","10","150"],[29,"7. You have recently graduated from college and are now preparing for the civil services examination. While reading the newspaper, you come across a news report of a Non-Governmental Organisation (NGO), working for child rights, challenging a provision of the Juvenile Justice Act, 2015, in the Supreme Court of India. The said provision provides for the option of Children in Conflict with Law (CCL) to be tried as adults under certain circumstances. The NGO's plea is that children are not able to understand the gravity of crimes. It has also contended that the criminal acts committed by children are a reflection of failure of the society to take care of its children. In the context of this situation, as a young aspirant, answer the following questions:\n(a) What are the possible factors that can drive a child towards committing heinous crimes?\n(b) Is it ethical to punish children as adults rather than giving them a chance for reformation?","20","in around 250"],[31,"(b) Is it ethical to punish children rather than giving them chance of reformation?","",""],[34,"8. You are a CEO-founder of an edTech company. You are under tremendous pressure from the investors in your company to increase the profitability of the company and undertake downsizing. After making a few bad acquisitions, the company's finances have taken a huge hit in the last couple of years. The downsizing is suggested with the hope that the company's profitability would rise, as it often does when mass layoff or downsizing decisions are carried out. Moreover, the investors have hinted that such measures would attract further investment from them, which has come as a ray of hope considering the ongoing volatile market conditions and slowdown in big-ticket fundings. Given the situation, rumors of unscrupulous firing have started doing the rounds among employees. It has increased apprehensiveness and reduced cohesiveness among them. You have informed the investors that the cost cutting exercise can affect the output as well as reputation of the company in the long-run. However, they are adamant to pursue the same.\n(a) Identify the stakeholders and ethical issues involved in the case.\n(b) You and the HR team have identified some options and are deliberating to put them across to the investors for consideration. Discuss the merits and demerits of each of these:\n(i) Identifying key high performers and offering them suitable positions before implementing the layoff decision.\n(ii) Putting the terminated employees on retainer to work part-time.\n(iii) Executing the lay off order in the same spirit as it was asked by the investors and letting them deal with the long-term consequences.\n(iv) Improving the perception of fairness among the existing and terminated employees and moving ahead with the layoffs.\n(c) Without restricting yourself to the above options, discuss the course of action you will take, and provide adequate reasons for the same.","20",""],[35,"(a), (b), (c) (a) इस प्रकरण में शामिल हितधारकों और नैतिक मुद्दों की पहचान कीजिए।\n(b) आपने और HR टीम ने निम्नलिखित मुख्य विकल्पों की पहचान की है तथा उन्हें विचार के लिए निवेशकों के सामने रखने की सोच रहे हैं। इनमें से प्रत्येक के गुणों और दोषों की विवेचना कीजिए:\n(i) छंटनी के फैसले को लागू करने से पहले उच्च प्रदर्शन करने वाले अग्रणी कर्मचारियों की पहचान करना और उन्हें उपयुक्त पदों की पेशकश करना।\n(ii) हटाये जाने वाले कर्मचारियों को पार्ट-टाइम काम करने के लिए रिटेनर के तौर पर रखना।\n(iii) छंटनी के आदेश को उच्च प्रबंधन से निष्पादित करना जिससे कि निवेशकों द्वारा रूढ़ा गया था और उन्हें दीर्घकालिक परिणामों में निपटने की अनुभूति देना।\n(iv) मौजूद और हटाये गए कर्मचारियों के बीच निष्पक्षता की धारणा में वृद्धि करना और छंटनी के उपाय के साथ बाग़ी बढ़ाना।\n(c) स्वयं को उपयुक्त विकल्पों तक सीमित किए बिना, आपके द्वारा की जाने वाली कार्रवाई पर चर्चा कीजिए और उसके लिए पर्याप्त कारण बताएं।","",""],[40,"9 There is an ongoing ethnic civil war in a neighbouring country. The conflict has caused massive displacement of people from the country. Ironically, the developed countries have closed off their borders to the refugees on account of the COVID-19 pandemic, resource competition, domestic politics etc. With countries sealing off their borders, the refugees are left in a vulnerable situation and many are taking illegal routes to enter your country. As a Senior Official of your country's Ministry of External Affairs, you have been involved in discussions with officials of other nations and are entrusted with the mandate to design a national policy to safely accommodate India bound refugees. In this context, answer the following questions:\n(a) Discuss the moral issues related to the rights of international refugees, especially those from conflict-torn regions.\n(b) What recommendations would you suggest given the large influx of refugees in India.","20",""],[41,"(a) Moral issues of rights of international refugees:\n1 Forced displacement from native land\n2 The refugees get punished for the crimes they didn't commit (war-torn regions)\n3 Against Gandhiji's Talisman by rendering most vulnerable as helpless\n4 Against Sukala Kamma and Nicheanu Dharma\n5 Non-acceptance internationally hints at apathy by nations and ignoring Steward Trusteeship\n6 Denial of Human Rights","",""],[45,"10. You have been appointed as the Chairperson of the Committee. In this regard, answer the following questions:\n(a) Discuss the various moral issues involved in the case.\n(b) Keeping the right to freedom of speech and expression in mind, highlight the steps you would take to resolve the issue and list arguments in support.","20",""],[50,"11. You are a young athlete representing India at an international level competition. To your surprise, during the competition, you witness a few senior athletes injecting something using a syringe in private. When you approach them, they explain that it is a performance enhancing drug, which is very common in such competitions and you should take the same as well. You are aware that if these players get caught in a doping test, it may damage India's reputation. You are confused and afraid of the repercussions and decide to approach the coach to discuss the event you witnessed. However, you get to know that the athletes are taking the drug on the advice of the coach himself.\n(a) What would you do in this scenario? Discuss the options available to you and chart your course of action.\n(b) What are the reasons behind the use of performance enhancing drugs in competitive sporting events? How can this practice be minimized?","20",""],[53,"(b) Reasons behind use of performance enhancing drugs\n1 Possible evasion\n2 Weak regulatory checks in India\n3 Weak NADA powers and inept testing infrastructure\n4 Normalization of use of these drugs\n5 High performance incentivices its use\n6 Pressure on athletes to perform well","",""],[55,"12. You have been newly appointed as the District Magistrate of a district, which is known for its rich mineral deposits. Following the news being circulated in the media about the illegal mining in your district, you have initiated an enquiry into it. When the State's Minister of Mines and Minerals gets to know of the enquiry initiated by you, he directs you to name some junior government employees as being involved in the wrongdoing and make them scapegoats. He also points out that elections to the State Assembly are around the corner and the present government wishes to stay clear of any political corruption. This Minister is a very influential figure in the present regime and there are high chances of the present ruling party being voted back to power. In due course of the enquiry, it has come to your notice that the said Minister has also been involved in illegal mining through his cronies. The findings of the enquiry can affect the outcome of the elections as well as completely derail your career, if the incumbent party wins the elections, which looks very likely as per the polls.\n(a) Identify the stakeholders and the ethical issues in the given case.\n(b) Critically evaluate the options in the given scenario and state your course of action, giving reasons.","20",""]]},{"i":1059,"t":"Vidushi Singh","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Xk_8qWefLjDZRvLszXEqcYoMvnTAH0WE/view","q":[[18,"4(b) MEDIA ETHICS","",""],[20,"5(a) How can a Public Servant deal with it:","",""],[34,"8. Following the Jaya Jaitley Panel's Recommendations, the government is considering raising marriage age of women to 21, bringing it at par with men and upholding Right to Equality (A-14).\n(a) Effect of increase in age of marriage on women:","",""],[38,"9. CLIMATE CHANGE has threatened every domain of our lives, leading to deprivations of various forms: inequalities, migrations, inequities, poverty, etc.\n(a) Ethical Issues arising out of HUMAN-INDUCED climate change:","",""]]},{"i":877,"t":"Vimal Kumar","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/da19e-696670_1512_vimal-kumar_rank_107.pdf","q":[[7,"1(a) Persuasion plays an important role in Public administration. Discuss, also highlight various elements of effective persuasion.","",""],[9,"1(b) \"Never do anything against the conscience even if the state demands it\". In this context, discuss the role of conscience in taking ethical decisions in administration.","",""],[11,"2(a) Raja Ram Mohan Roy's liberal views on social and religious issues have much relevance in present day India. Discuss.","",""],[13,"2 b The moral circle of Humanity has been expanding constantly over time. Discuss in this context whether non human entities should have same rights as human beings","",""],[19,"4(a) An important requisite for ensuring probity in governance is absence of corruption. Analyze.","",""],[21,"4(b) The right to information (RTI) and right to privacy (RTP) complement each other in holding government accountable to the people, however in case of conflict they can be reconciled keeping public interest in mind. Discuss","",""],[23,"5(a) Explain the ethical issues involved in spending government funds for advertisement campaigns and publicity.","",""],[25,"5(b) Explaining the Concept of political neutrality, discuss its significance in administration. Also highlight how Central Civil Service (Conduct) Rules seek to ensure political neutrality in the civil services.","",""],[27,"6(a) In the light of recurring issues, there is constant need to search for better ethical framework and models of corporate governance. Discuss with adequate examples and evidence in support of your arguments.","",""],[29,"6 b Gender inequality begins at home then gets institutionalised at societal level. Discuss","",""],[48,"11 Given Case presents dilemma of personal interest vs public good\na \nb Ethical Issues","",""]]},{"i":878,"t":"Vineeth Lohidakshan","c":"Forumias","p":"Essay","y":2025,"r":129,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/VINEETH-LOHIDAKSHANUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-129-Sample-Essay-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"ESSAY TOPICS\n1. We cannot solve our problems with the same thinking we used when we created them.\n2. The civilisation that doesn't adopt modern technologies becomes extinct.\n3. Data without wisdom and innovation without ethics are dangerous tools.\n4. The doubter is a true man of science.","",""]]},{"i":879,"t":"Vineeth Lohidakshan","c":"Forumias","p":"Essay","y":2025,"r":129,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/VINEETH-LOHIDAKSHANUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-129-Sample-Essay-Copy-2.pdf","q":[[3,"1. The great aim of education is not knowledge but action.","",""],[5,"The above quote of Albert Einstein stresses on the practicality of education rather than the theoretical nature. Education must be able to instill agility in decision making and clarity in thoughts, avoiding perplexity and confusion in critical situations. How is education able to instigate actions and not merely knowledge accumulation?","",""]]},{"i":880,"t":"Vineeth Lohidakshan","c":"Forumias","p":"Essay","y":2025,"r":129,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/VINEETH-LOHIDAKSHANUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-129-Sample-Essay-Copy-3.pdf","q":[[3,"1. True leadership lies in serving not ruling.","",""],[16,"True leadership lies in serving, not ruling\nI Importance of serving & not ruling\nII What constitutes serving\nIII How is a leader able to do this?\nIV Is it always serving? Is ruling wrong?\nV How to develop leadership?","",""]]},{"i":881,"t":"Vineeth Lohidakshan","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":2025,"r":129,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/VINEETH-LOHIDAKSHANUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-129-Sample-MGP-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) Indian society and its philosophical traditions have predominantly embraced a \"non-absolutist stance\" towards ethical considerations. Do you agree?","10","150"],[5,"b) \"Empathy is a crucial human value, but there exists a complex relationship between empathy and objectivity.\" Discuss with suitable examples.","10","150"],[7,"Q.2) a) A welfare state's legitimacy rests on its ethical foundation. In your opinion, what are the key ethical traits of a welfare state? Suggest ways to strengthen the ethical foundation of a state.","10","150"],[9,"b) Different individuals have varied interpretations of what constitutes a good life. What does a good life signify for you? Explain with examples.","10","150"],[11,"Q.3 What does each of the following quotations mean to you?\na) \"A man can give up a right, but he may not give up a duty without being guilty of a grave dereliction\". Mahatma Gandhi","10","150"],[13,"b) \"The world is sustained by those who refrain from hurting others, even when they have the power to do so.\"","10","150"],[15,"c) \"Our lives begin to end the day we become silent about things that matter.\" Martin Luther King Jr.","10","150"],[17,"Q.4) a) What is 'emotional intelligence' and how can it be developed? How does it help civil servants in ethical decision making and crisis management?","10","150"],[19,"b) The arrival of modernity has reshaped our traditional relationship with nature. How can a change in 'environmental attitude' aid in addressing sustainability challenges?","10","150"],[20,"Change in environmental attitude bring sustainability a follow","",""],[21,"Q.5) a) Once a foundational value, bureaucratic anonymity is now diluted by social media, blurring the lines between private conduct and public duty. Examine critically.","10","150"],[23,"b) What do you understand by probity in governance? What are the difficulties in upholding it in contemporary times? Suggest measures for ensuring probity in governance.","10","150"],[25,"Q.6) a) Differentiate between code of conduct and code of ethics. Explain the necessity of a code of ethics for public servants to ensure ethical governance.","10","150"],[26,"Necessity of a code of conduct for public servants to ensure ethical governance:","",""],[27,"b) Despite acknowledging that corruption is detrimental and condemning it, why do people continue to engage in it? Explore the significance of value systems in combating the evil of corruption.","10","150"],[29,"Q.7) You are the Superintendent of Police (SP) in a communally sensitive district. Recently, a young couple approached you seeking protection. They wish to get married, but they belong to different religions. Also, the girl is from an influential family, while the boy comes from a humble background. They are facing threats from the girl's family, who have warned them of dire consequences if they proceed with the marriage. The girl's family has fixed her marriage to a boy belonging to their community and is vehemently against interfaith marriage. The village elders have also expressed apprehensions that, if the matter is not resolved promptly, it could incite widespread rioting and lead to serious law and order problems. The local intelligence unit has corroborated these concerns in its report submitted to your office.\nThe fears of the village elders have come true. Rumors and disagreements regarding the proposed marriage have caused communal tensions in the neighboring localities. In one such locality, a law-abiding and responsible citizen lives with his wife and son, Sahil. This locality, where people of different religions reside, has a history of maintaining overall harmony and peace despite occasional minor quarrels. But this time, it escalated to the point of rioting, during which Sahil came under the attack and was grievously injured. The rioters also set fire to many houses and vehicles, causing extensive damage to public property. Despite immediate and frantic calls to the police, no prompt action was taken. Sahil succumbed to his injuries the next day. A video of the brutal attack on Sahil emerged and went viral on social media. The incident was also covered extensively by the national media and has led to increased communal polarization in the district.\nOn one hand, the couple feels increasingly threatened as many blame them for the situation; on the other hand, there are fears of another round of violence as some members of Sahil's community vow to avenge his death. The grieving parents are devastated by the loss of their only child and seek justice. The district administration is under immense pressure to prevent further violence, ensure justice for Sahil's family, and protect the young couple.\na) Discuss the ethical issues involved in this case.\nb) As the SP of the district, evaluate the options available to you.\nc) What course of action would you adopt to deal with the situation?","","20"],[30,"a) इस केस स्टडी में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\nb) जिले के पुलिस अधीक्षक के रूप में, आप अपने पास उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन कीजिए।\nc) स्थिति से निपटने के लिए आप क्या कदम उठाएंगे?\na) इस केस स्टडी में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\nb) जिले के पुलिस अधीक्षक के रूप में, आप अपने पास उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन कीजिए।\nc) स्थिति से निपटने के लिए आप क्या कदम उठाएंगे?","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[32,"b) At state of district, various options available are:\n(i) Make arrangements for marriage of couple\n(ii) Take steps to prevent marriage of couple\n(iii) Keep all party meeting and find solution","",""],[35,"Q.8) In the lush green expanse of the Western Ghats, a significant change is underway. The state government has announced a new infrastructure project—a highway connecting City A and City B. This project, envisioned as a catalyst for economic growth and enhanced connectivity, also promises to attract significant investments, including from a major semiconductor company. The semiconductor company is important for strategic purposes, given the growing importance of semiconductors in defense, space, and communications sectors. However, the proposed highway passes through a densely forested tribal area, home to an indigenous community deeply connected to the land. The local tribal community, reliant on the forest for their livelihood and cultural practices, is alarmed by the prospect of displacement and the extensive forest clearance required by the project. The forest is not just their home but a crucial part of their identity and source of livelihood. It is where their ancestors are buried, where they grow medicinal plants, and where their children play. The community's leaders, including Geeta, a respected elder, are determined to protect their land. They fear losing their ancestral lands and the destruction of their way of life. Determined to make their voices heard, the community organizes a protest march to the office of the District Magistrate and seeks time to meet the DM. The DM, Rajesh known for his fair and balanced approach, listens intently as Geeta and other leaders explain their fears. They asserted their legally protected right to manage and protect the forest. Meanwhile, in the corporate offices of M&T Infrastructure Ltd., CEO Anil is grappling with the growing unrest. The company has been contracted to build the highway, but the resistance from the tribal community poses a significant challenge. Delays could lead to escalating costs and potential project failure. Anil decides to seek a meeting with Priya, the Chief Secretary of State, to discuss the situation. Priya, overseeing the project from the state secretariat, is aware of the delicate balance needed. The project is crucial for the state's development and aligns with the policy of promoting ease of doing business. Moreover, the potential investment from the semiconductor company is strategically important for both the state and the nation. Any delay or hindrance could tarnish the state's reputation and dissuade future investments. When Anil meets Priya, he lays out his concerns. \"Madam Secretary, the protests are intensifying. If this continues, we might have to consider withdrawing from the project. The financial risks are becoming untenable.\" The ruling party, keen to maintain its pro-development image, wants early completion of the project and the materialization of the semiconductor manufacturing plant to fulfill its poll promises. The Chief Secretary conveys the policy of the state government and the concerns of M&T Infrastructure Ltd. to the District Magistrate of the district concerned. As the administrative head of the district, the responsibility for maintaining law and order and facilitating development projects rests upon him.\na) What are the ethical issues involved in the case?\nb) Evaluate the options available to Rajesh, being District Magistrate of the area.\nc) What course of action should Rajesh adopt and why?","20","20"],[36,"a) केस अध्ययन में नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं?\nb) क्षेत्र के जिला मजिस्ट्रेट होने के नाते राजेश के लिए उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन कीजिए।\nc) राजेश को क्या कार्रवाई करनी चाहिए और क्यों?\na) केस अध्ययन में नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं?\nb) क्षेत्र के जिला मजिस्ट्रेट होने के नाते राजेश के लिए उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन कीजिए।\nc) राजेश को क्या कार्रवाई करनी चाहिए और क्यों?","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[37,"a) Ethical issues in the case are\n(i) Right to residence of tribal community at stake\n(ii) Cultural erosion for development\n(iii) Environment vs Development debate\n(iv) Objectivity vs Empathy to tribal community\n(v) Balancing welfare of people along with national interests\n(vi) Global image of nation as investor friendly at stake","",""],[39,"3) Carefully study inputs and take decision\nM a) uphold rule of law\nM b) Win-Win situation\nM c) Profusion growth guaranteed\nD a) Delay in project\nD b) Red tapism","",""],[41,"Q.9) A small village in South India experienced a devastating tragedy that shocked the nation. Around 65 villagers lost their lives after drinking liquor contaminated with methanol. The tragedy quietly unfolded one evening as unsuspecting villagers gathered for relaxation, sharing stories, and unwinding after a day's work and consumed the toxic brew. Within a short time, symptoms of poisoning began to appear. The villagers experienced severe headaches, dizziness, nausea, and blurred vision. Panic quickly spread through the community as more and more people fell ill. Families desperately sought help, but the village's healthcare facilities were quickly overwhelmed and unable to cope with the sudden influx of patients. The few medical professionals available worked tirelessly, but resources were limited, and the severity of the situation became increasingly apparent.\nPolice filed FIR, but no breakthrough was achieved in the case for almost two months. Mahesh, an investigative journalist working with a leading TV channel, began investigating the case on his own initiative. Within a month, Mahesh made a breakthrough by interacting with local people, the liquor mafia, and government officials. He prepared his investigative story and presented it to the CMD of the TV channel. Mahesh's report exposed the complete nexus of the illicit liquor mafia operating with the support of corrupt police, civil officials, and politicians. The key political figure involved was the local MLA, known to be very close to the Chief Minister.\nAfter reviewing the investigative report, the CMD advised Mahesh to drop the idea of making the story public through electronic media. The CMD revealed that the local MLA was not only a relative of the TV channel's owner but also held an unofficial 30 percent share in the channel. Additionally, the CMD offered Mahesh a promotion, a pay raise, and the adjustment of the 20-lakh soft loan that Mahesh had taken for his son's studies abroad if he handed over the investigative report.\na) What are the options available with Mahesh to cope up with the situation? Critically examine each of the options.\nb) Which of the options, do you think, would be the most appropriate for Mahesh to adopt and why?\nc) Suggest some innovative measures to address the nexus of criminal activities and prevent such tragedies.","20","20"],[42,"a) स्थिति से निपटने के लिए महेश के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं? प्रत्येक विकल्प की आलोचनात्मक जांच कीजिए।\nb) आपको क्या लगता है कि महेश के लिए कौन सा विकल्प सबसे उपयुक्त होगा और क्यों?\nc) आपराधिक गतिविधियों के गठजोड़ को दूर करने और ऐसी त्रासदियों को रोकने के लिए कुछ नवीन उपाय सुझाएँ।\na) स्थिति से निपटने के लिए महेश के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं? प्रत्येक विकल्प की आलोचनात्मक जांच कीजिए।\nb) आपको क्या लगता है कि महेश के लिए कौन सा विकल्प सबसे उपयुक्त होगा और क्यों?\nc) आपराधिक गतिविधियों के गठजोड़ को दूर करने और ऐसी त्रासदियों को रोकने के लिए कुछ नवीन उपाय सुझाएँ।","20 अंक","250 शब्द"],[43,"a) Options available to Medich to cope with the situation?\ni) Give the report to CMD and drop investigation\nii) Take the report and provide to another channel","",""],[47,"Q.10 In a bustling city administration office in a state, Joint Municipal Commissioner Meera, who is also the Public Information Officer (PIO) faces a challenging situation. Recently, an RTI application has been received, demanding details about public infrastructure projects initiated during her tenure. Upon reviewing the requested information, Meera discovers that certain decisions made regarding these projects were not entirely sound in hindsight. These decisions, although taken in good faith and after due diligence, failed to realize promised outcomes. There were other employees also who were party to this decision. The disclosure of this information could potentially lead to scrutiny and backlash against herself, the employees, and contractors involved. Known for her integrity and commitment to public service, Meera finds herself at a crossroads. The RTI Act has served as a critical check against administrative arbitrariness, ensuring transparency and accountability. However, she also observes a troubling trend. RTI applications are often used by vested interests and activists seeking personal gain rather than genuine public interest. Some activists even resort to threats or extortion tactics, undermining the integrity of the RTI process. She fears the requested RTI information could be similarly exploited. Moreover, the employees involved are requesting her to withhold the information. In navigating this situation, Meera weighs her options carefully.\na) Critically examine the options available to Meera in the above situation.\nb) Which of the above would be the most appropriate for Meera and why?","20","250"],[48,"The given scenario entails the \"slippery slope\" associated with public officers where in decisions taken in good thought might not yield the desired result:\na) Various options available to Meera\nb) Withhold information demanded citing Official Secrets Act, 1923","",""],[49,"(i) Provide the information demanded by RTI activist","",""],[52,"Q.11) You are the Operations Manager at a rapidly growing technology startup, Tech Nova Innovations, which prides itself on its cutting-edge solutions and ability to deliver projects on time. The startup culture is fast paced, with tight deadlines and high expectations from both clients and investors. Your current project, developing a new AI-driven platform, is crucial for securing future funding and partnerships. Your team is small but skilled, consisting of four software developers and two project coordinators, with an equal number of men and women.\nRecently, your team has faced significant challenges. Riya, one of the female software developers, has requested personal leave to care for her ailing father. Meanwhile, another female team member, Shabnam, is struggling to balance her work responsibilities with the care of her infant child. The remaining team members have had to take on additional tasks, affecting their work-life balance, leading to increased stress and frustration. As the project deadline approaches, the strain within the team becomes evident. During a critical review meeting, Arjun, a senior developer, expresses his frustration, \"Maybe it's not a good idea to have team members who can't commit full-time during crucial phases.\"\nThe comment sparks immediate backlash. Chetna, a project coordinator, finds Arjun's remark deeply offensive and reports the incident to the Human Resources (HR) Department. She also threatens to take the issue to social media, potentially harming the startup's public image. The HR Department, based at the startup's headquarters, investigates the complaint and recommends taking strict action against Arjun for his unprofessional and insensitive comment. They highlighted the importance of maintaining an inclusive and respectful workplace culture. This recommendation places you in a difficult position. The project is already behind schedule, and losing a senior developer like Arjun could severely impact its timely completion.\nYou are now faced with a complex dilemma. On one hand, it is essential to address the insensitive remark and ensure a respectful work environment. On the other hand, you must keep the project on track without further demotivating your team.\na) Discuss the ethical issues involved in this case.\nb) As the Operations Manager, how would you deal with the situation?\nc) Based on the case study, discuss the challenges faced by women at workplace. How can such challenges be resolved?","20","250"],[53,"a) इस केस स्टडी में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\nb) संचालन प्रबंधक के रूप में, आप इस स्थिति से कैसे निपटेंगे?\nc) केस स्टडी के आधार पर, कार्यस्थल पर महिलाओं के सामने आने वाली चुनौतियों पर चर्चा करें। ऐसी चुनौतियों का समाधान कैसे किया जा सकता है?\na) इस केस स्टडी में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\nb) संचालन प्रबंधक के रूप में, आप इस स्थिति से कैसे निपटेंगे?\nc) केस स्टडी के आधार पर, कार्यस्थल पर महिलाओं के सामने आने वाली चुनौतियों पर चर्चा करें। ऐसी चुनौतियों का समाधान कैसे किया जा सकता है?","20 अंक","250 शब्द"],[56,"c) Challenges faced by women at workplace","",""],[58,"Q.12 Utkarsh is a dedicated and experienced Chief Engineer in the Public Works Department (PWD) of a major Indian city. His responsibilities include overseeing the maintenance and construction of the city's infrastructure. One of his critical responsibilities is managing the safety and welfare of the PWD workers. A sudden strike by the workers' union of the PWD erupted over the issue of compensation to a construction worker who died while repairing a major bridge in the city. The case was brought to Utkarsh's attention for resolution.\nThe deceased worker, Shyam Lal, was part of a team tasked with repairing a crucial bridge that connected two busy parts of the city. During the repair, an unfortunate accident occurred where a section of the bridge collapsed. Shyam Lal fell from a significant height, suffering severe injuries. He was immediately rushed to the hospital but succumbed to his injuries shortly after arrival. Shyam Lal was 45 years old and the sole breadwinner for his family, which included his wife and three young children.\nThe initial investigation revealed that Shyam Lal had not been wearing the mandatory safety harness at the time of the accident. The management, upon learning of this, is considering not providing extra compensation to Shyam Lal's family, citing negligence on his part.\nThe PWD workers' union was outraged by this decision, arguing that the lack of proper training and supervision were the primary cause of the accident. They demanded full compensation for Shyam Lal's family, like what other workers receive who die in the line of duty, and a job for one family member.\nWith no satisfactory response from the management, the union went on strike, halting all ongoing maintenance and construction projects in the city. The strike has continued for two weeks, causing significant disruption to the city's infrastructure projects and leading to public outcry. Utkarsh is now tasked with finding a resolution to this deadlock.\na) What are the options available to Utkarsh to meet the above situation? Critically examine each of the options identified by him.\nb) What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by Utkarsh?\nc) What course of action should Utkarsh adopt to diffuse the above situation?","","20"],[59,"a) उपरोक्त स्थिति से निपटने के लिए उत्कर्ष के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं? उनके द्वारा पहचाने गए प्रत्येक विकल्प की आलोचनात्मक जाँच कीजिए।\nb) उत्कर्ष के सामने कौन सी नैतिक दुविधाएं हैं?\nc) उपरोक्त स्थिति से निपटने के लिए उत्कर्ष को क्या कदम उठाना चाहिए?\na) उपरोक्त स्थिति से निपटने के लिए उत्कर्ष के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं? उनके द्वारा पहचाने गए प्रत्येक विकल्प की आलोचनात्मक जाँच कीजिए।\nb) उत्कर्ष के सामने कौन सी नैतिक दुविधाएं हैं?\nc) उपरोक्त स्थिति से निपटने के लिए उत्कर्ष को क्या कदम उठाना चाहिए?","20 अंक","250 शब्द"]]},{"i":882,"t":"Vipul Chaudhary","c":"Forumias","p":"Essay","y":2025,"r":115,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/CHAUDHARY-VIPULBHAI-KARMANBHAI-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-115-Sample-ESSAY-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"1. Reality is ultimately a selective act of perception and interpretation.","",""],[17,"1. Agricultural Revolution: Road to progress and prosperity OR to perdition","",""],[26,"Agriculture even becomes hurdle for good global governance. For instance, dysfunctional role of WTO is majorly due to divergent views of developed and developing countries over agriculture matters. Hence agriculture has become major hurdle in all aspects of human life. How can we drive agricultural revolution again boom production to progress & prosperity?","",""]]},{"i":883,"t":"Vipul Chaudhary","c":"Forumias","p":"Essay","y":2025,"r":115,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/CHAUDHARY-VIPULBHAI-KARMANBHAI-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-115-Sample-ESSAY-Copy-2.pdf","q":[[3,"1. Patience, persistence, and perspiration make an unbeatable combination for success.","",""],[15,"2. Massive poverty and obscene inequality are the social evils of contemporary times.","",""],[17,"But the question is when statistics of economic growth, GDP are rising, then why index of poverty & inequality are not decreasing? Is only historical reasons are responsible for this or any other factors play any role?","",""]]},{"i":886,"t":"Vipul Chaudhary","c":"Vision","p":"Essay","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/1fd57-118042_4514_chaudhary_vipulbhai_karmanbhai_rank_115.pdf","q":[[5,"Write two essays, choosing one topic from each of the Sections A and B, in about 1000-1200 words each :\n1. You may have to fight a battle more than once to win it.\n2. In matters of conscience, the law of the majority has no place.\n3. He who opens a school door, closes a prison.\n4. Only in the depths of winter can we truly appreciate the warmth of spring.\n5. We cannot always build the future for our youth, but we can build our youth for the future.\n6. Copying is safe; innovation demands courage.\n7. The more we automate, the more human we must become.\n8. The pursuit of instant validation is creating a generation of restless minds.","125 x 2 = 250","1000-1200 words each"],[6,"1. You may have to fight a battle more than once to win it.\n2. In matters of conscience, the law of the majority has no place.\n3. He who opens a school door, closes a prison.\n4. Only in the depths of winter can we truly appreciate the warmth of spring.","",""],[18,"5. We cannot always build the future for our youth, but we can build our youth for the future.","",""]]},{"i":885,"t":"Vipul Chaudhary","c":"Forumias","p":"GS1","y":2025,"r":115,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/CHAUDHARY-VIPULBHAI-KARMANBHAI-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-115-Sample-MGP-Copy-2.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) The synthesis of Islamic architectural styles with elements from local Indian traditions contributed to the development of Indo-Islamic architecture in India. Discuss.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2 Why did the British emerged as the preeminent power after succeeding against other European powers in the Indian subcontinent?","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) While the revolutionaries contributed significantly to the Indian freedom struggle, their impact was limited by multiple factors. Elaborate.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) The Arab-Israeli conflict should be understood as a product of both internal dynamics and the outcome of manipulative strategies employed by imperial powers. Analyse.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5 Plate tectonics theory was not a 'eureka moment' but a culmination of different related theories and observations. Discuss.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) What is Glacial Lake Outburst Flood (GLOF)? Explaining the factors behind the rising incidents of GLOF in the Himalayan region, discuss two recent examples.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) Discuss the factors behind distribution of global palm oil production. Why does India depend on palm oil imports despite having conditions suitable for its cultivation?","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) The Eastern and Western Himalayas belong to the same mountain range but exhibit significant differences. Explain.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9 Do you agree with the view that Indian society is increasingly becoming westernized under the influence of globalization and losing its customs and traditions? Justify.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10 The richness and diversity of Indian society is aptly seen in its rich tribal culture across the length and breadth of the country. Elucidate.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11 Miniature paintings are a testimony to not only artistic brilliance but also to rich cultural traditions of their time. In this context, throw light on various schools of miniature paintings in the country.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12 \"While Lord Lytton's tenure was marked by oppressive policies and harsh measures, Lord Ripon's administration stood out for its reformative approach and efforts to address Indian grievances.\" Comment.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13) Non-Cooperation Movement democratized India's freedom struggle but suffered from inherent limitations. Analyse.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14) How far do you agree that emergency was imposed to save individual vested interests and not the nation? What were the short term and long-term impacts of emergency?","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 The Indian monsoon is being increasingly characterized by extreme weather events ranging from prolonged dry spells to torrential precipitation. In this context, bring out the factors contributing to the variability of the Indian monsoon and discuss its multi-dimensional impact.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16) Often called 'white gold,' lithium has emerged as a priority metal in achieving the global energy transition. Explain. Also, outline the distribution of lithium in India and the world, and discuss the implications of its uneven availability globally.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 How does caste-based discrimination exhibit itself in modern times? Why has casteism survived in India despite focused approach for its eradication?","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 The escalating water crisis across Indian states has brought the country to a tipping point, with severe implications. Highlighting the reasons for this crisis, discuss its socio-economic impact.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 Women's vulnerability to extreme heat conditions in the country is exacerbated by gendered roles and societal expectations. Discuss. Also, suggest measures to mitigate these vulnerabilities.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 The progress in the sphere of LGBTQ rights in the country is undeniable, but the path to full societal integration is fraught with challenges, requiring a concerted effort to change deeply entrenched cultural attitudes. Elaborate.","15","250"]]},{"i":888,"t":"Vipul Chaudhary","c":"Vision","p":"GS1","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/e1d12-118042_4510_vipulbhai-karmanbhai-chaudhary_rank_115.pdf","q":[[6,"1. Folk music serves as a repository of the cultural identity. Discuss the role of folk music in preserving cultural heritage and promoting social cohesion.","10","Answer in 150"],[8,"2. How does the Vesara style of temple architecture represent a synthesis of the Nagara and Dravida styles? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[10,"3. Discuss the role played by Indians living abroad in advancing the cause of India's freedom struggle. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[12,"4. How did the Marshall Plan influence the economic recovery and political stability of post-war Europe? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[14,"5. Discuss the factors responsible for increased cyclonic activity in the Arabian Sea. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"6. How can technological interventions help in transforming the textile sector in India? What are the initiatives that the government has taken in this regard? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[18,"7. What is a seiche and how does it form? Discuss the geographical conditions under which seiches are most likely to occur. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[20,"8. How has rapid urbanisation affected the socio-cultural landscape of peri-urban regions in India? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[22,"9. Examine the role of historical and socio-political factors in driving communalism in Indian politics.","10","150"],[24,"10. Globalization has significantly influenced the aspirations, lifestyle, and value systems of Indian youth. Discuss with suitable examples.","10","150"],[26,"11. Examine how Chandragupta-II's reign symbolised a golden age of cultural development, laying the foundation for future advancements in Indian art and literature.","15","250"],[29,"12. Evaluate the intended and unintended consequences of British educational policies for the Indian society in the colonial period. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[32,"13. India's territorial disputes after independence were not merely about borders, but also encompass issues of national identity, historical grievances, and geopolitical strategies. Discuss. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[35,"14. Discuss the geographical conditions responsible for the development of shola forests in the upper reaches of the Western Ghats. Highlight their ecological significance.","15","Answer in 250"],[38,"15. Discuss the potential of natural hydrogen as a fuel to meet growing global energy demands? Why is it still an untapped industry? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[41,"16. Why is there a shift of labour-intensive industries from China to South and Southeast Asia? Discuss the advantages and challenges for India in this context.","15","Answer in 250"],[44,"17. Explain the socio-economic transformations resulting from women's migration to metropolitan areas in India. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[47,"18. The institution of marriage in India is increasingly becoming a site of conspicuous consumption and commodification. Critically examine the impact of this commercialisation on social equity and gender relations.","15","Answer in 250"],[50,"19. Analyse how recognizing, reducing, and redistributing care work can foster gender equality and promote inclusive development in India. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[53,"20. Discuss the changing nature of family structures in urban India. How is it impacting elderly care and socialization of the youth? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"]]},{"i":889,"t":"Vipul Chaudhary","c":"Vision","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/0cf40-118042_4511_vipulbhai-karmanbhai-chaudhary_rank_115.pdf","q":[[6,"1. How does the Supreme Court's recent decision on Aligarh Muslim University's minority status affect the interpretation of Article 30 of the Indian Constitution? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[8,"2. The Supreme Court, in a recent verdict, prescribed a time period for the Governor's assent to state legislative bills. What are the implications of this judgment for cooperative federalism and legislative accountability in India? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[10,"3. Discuss the recent changes and initiatives related to cooperatives that aim to smoothen the tussle between the Centre and States in the cooperative sector.","10","150"],[12,"4. In recent years, use of social media and digital mobilisation by civil society has emerged as a powerful form of pressure politics. Examine its impact on policymaking and democratic accountability.","10","Answer in 150"],[14,"5. How is Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) emerging as a business-led solution for addressing development challenges in India? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"6. Discuss how mechanisms like public consultations and Jan Sunwais in India impact governance outcomes. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[18,"7. How effective have the National Action Plan for Drug Demand Reduction (NAPDDR) and Nasha Mukt Bharat Abhiyaan been in addressing substance abuse in India? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[20,"8. Rote learning and neglect of creativity in foundational education setup in India make it less ready for marketplaces that are now driven by Artificial Intelligence. Do you agree with this view? Substantiate your argument.","10","150"],[22,"9. Analyze the transformation of the G7 from a symbol of Western strategic unity to a forum marked by internal contradictions. How should India navigate this changing dynamic to advance its strategic interests? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[24,"10. Discuss the role of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in the development of developing countries. What are the key criticisms associated with its approach? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[26,"11. The 103rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 2019 has introduced a new dimension to the principle of affirmative action in India. Critically examine its implications for the broader goal of social justice. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[29,"12. The District Planning Committee (DPC) was envisioned as a key instrument to strengthen grassroots-level planning. How far has it succeeded in achieving this goal? Discuss the challenges faced by DPCs and suggest measures to make them more effective.","15","250"],[32,"13. The restrictions imposed under Article 293 of the Constitution on State borrowing powers, though constitutionally valid, may hinder fiscal autonomy of States and disrupt cooperative federalism. Discuss in the light of recent developments.","15","250"],[35,"14. Examine the tension between the right to contest elections and the need to uphold electoral ethics under the Representation of the People Act. Should there be a lifetime ban on convicted criminals? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[37,"Should there be lifetime ban?","",""],[38,"15. To what extent has the Beti Bachao Beti Padhao (BBBP) scheme, launched in 2015, succeeded in addressing the declining child sex ratio and empowering the girl child? Suggest measures to enhance its impact at the grassroots level. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[41,"16. Self-Help Groups (SHGs) are emerging as vehicles of socio-economic transformation in rural India. Examine the role of government in scaling their reach and effectiveness. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[44,"17. Despite economic growth, multidimensional poverty continues to persist in India. Analyse the underlying causes and discuss the measures taken by the government to address them. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[47,"18. India faces a paradox of food surplus and nutritional deficit. Analyse the structural reasons behind this paradox and suggest reform strategies. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[50,"19. India's timely response during the economic crises in Sri Lanka and the Maldives reflects its \"Neighbourhood First\" policy in action. Examine how Indian aid has impacted bilateral ties with these nations. What steps can further be taken to promote sustainable economic cooperation in the Indian Ocean region? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[53,"20 Discuss the geostrategic significance of Afghanistan for India in the context of continental connectivity and access to Central Asia. How has the altered political landscape post-2021 affected India's connectivity and energy corridor ambitions? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"]]},{"i":890,"t":"Vipul Chaudhary","c":"Vision","p":"GS3","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/7a28e-118042_4512_vipulbhai-karmanbhai-chaudhary_rank_115.pdf","q":[[6,"1. Analyse the factors that have contributed to India's inclusive economic growth in the past decade. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[8,"2. The Reserve Bank of India’s surplus transfers offer the government much-needed fiscal space, yet they are not without challenges. Critically examine the implications of the RBI's surplus transfers to the government.","10","Answer in 150"],[10,"3. To what extent was the first National Monetization Pipeline (NMP) able to meet its objectives? What are the objectives of the new Asset Monetization Plan 2025–30 as announced in the recent 2025 Budget? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[12,"4. Examine the major challenges hindering the Indian textile industry from achieving its full potential in the global value chain. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[14,"5. Why has India become increasingly import-dependent for edible oils despite being a major agricultural economy? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"6. Air accidents are low-frequency but high-impact events. Examine the disaster management protocols in place for aviation-related emergencies in India. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[18,"7. Chemical pollution poses a grave threat to human health and the environment in India. Discuss the key sources contributing to pervasive chemical contamination and evaluate the effectiveness of existing environmental laws in curbing this problem.","10","150"],[20,"8. Missile defence systems are becoming critical for national security in the face of evolving regional threats and advanced weapon technologies. Explain the working principle of missile defence systems. Critically assess India's progress in developing indigenous missile defence capabilities. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[22,"9. Despite multiple resolutions and initiatives undertaken by the United Nations Security Council (UNSC), its efforts to counter terrorism have achieved limited success. Discuss the reasons for this limited effectiveness.","10","150"],[24,"10. India practices a 'multi-alignment' approach in its cyber diplomacy. How does this posture strengthen India's internal security while maintaining strategic autonomy? (Answer in 150 words)","","150"],[26,"11. While examining the shortcomings of the land reforms in the past, elaborate what land reforms 2.0 should look like. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[29,"12. As NITI Aayog completes 10 years of its establishment, critically examine its role in the planning and development paradigm of governance in India. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[32,"13. What are the primary causes of limited formal credit penetration among the rural and unbanked populations in India? Comment on the effectiveness of Small Finance Banks in addressing this gap and advancing inclusive financial growth.","","250"],[35,"14. To what extent has the Production Linked Incentive Scheme for the food processing industry facilitated value addition, employment generation, and global competitiveness in India's food processing industry? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[38,"15. Waste circularity is emerging as a sustainable solution to India’s mounting solid waste crisis. Discuss the key principles of waste circularity and the government’s initiative in this regard. How effective have these measures been in fostering a circular economy? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[41,"16. Discuss the importance of integrating traditional ecological knowledge of India's tribal communities with modern disaster management frameworks. Mention two examples where indigenous practices have contributed to disaster resilience. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[44,"17. CRISPR technology has rapidly advanced in recent years, with new tools and clinical breakthroughs. Highlight the recent developments in CRISPR-based gene editing technology applications. Discuss the opportunities and ethical challenges these advancements present for healthcare and society.","15","250"],[47,"18. A credible semiconductor ecosystem is pivotal for India's economic security as much as for national security. Analyse the strategic objectives, incentives, and institutional architecture of the India Semiconductor Mission (ISM). Identify the major risks that could derail its timelines.","15","250"],[50,"19. Intricate inter-play of diverse factors has been the force multipliers for extremism in the North East. Discuss. Suggest a multilayered strategy to tackle the menace of extremism in this region.","15","250"],[53,"20. Despite recent steps towards inducting women into combat roles, their participation remains low. Examine the key challenges impeding the greater inclusion of women in the Indian armed forces. Also, suggest suitable measures to enhance their participation. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"]]},{"i":884,"t":"Vipul Chaudhary","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":2025,"r":115,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/CHAUDHARY-VIPULBHAI-KARMANBHAI-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-115-Sample-MGP-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) \"A good person produces good things from the treasury of a good heart.\" Do you think there are certain universal qualities that define a 'good person'? Illustrate with suitable examples.","10","150"],[5,"b) What do you understand by environmental ethics? Examine the ethical concerns in 'phase-down versus phase out debate' in the use of coal by developing countries.","10","150"],[7,"Q.2) a) \"Integrity is telling myself the truth and honesty is telling the truth to other people.\" Examine the importance of integrity and honesty for a public servant. Also, suggest measures to cultivate these attributes.","10","150"],[9,"b) A vigilant media is the voice of the common folks; however, a tainted media acts as its master's voice. Explain the importance of ethics in the functioning of media.","10","150"],[11,"Q.3) What does each of the following quotations mean to you?\na) \"Experience is the only teacher we have. We may talk and reason all our lives, but we shall not understand a word of truth, until we experience it ourselves\" - Swami Vivekananda","10","150"],[13,"b) \"There is no key to happiness; the door is always open.\" - Mother Teresa.","10","150"],[15,"4) \"Tolerance implies no lack of commitment to one's own beliefs. Rather it condemns the oppression or persecution of others.\" - John F. Kennedy","10","150"],[17,"Q.4) a) \"In this hyperconnected and morally interdependent world, the most important thing we can share is trustworthiness.\" Why is trustworthiness important? In what ways can it be imbibed in an individual?","10","150"],[19,"b) What do you understand from conflict of interest? With the help of suitable examples, illustrate how it affects the working of public servants. In what ways can conflict of interest be minimised?","10","150"],[21,"Q.5) a) \"Knowing yourself is the beginning of all wisdom.\" Discuss the importance of emotional intelligence in self-realisation. Do you think emotional intelligence can be learned?","10","150"],[23,"b) Discuss the ethical concerns associated with the use of social media. What steps can be taken to address them?","10","150"],[25,"Q.6) a) The crux of ethical conduct does not lie in bold words and expressions, but in their adoption into action, in sanctions against their violations, and in promoting a culture of integrity. In this context, evaluate the measures taken to promote ethical governance in the country.","10","150"],[27,"b) Foreign aid, although championed as a vital tool for socio-economic development, often runs into stiff opposition from the intended beneficiaries. Elaborate on the various ethical concerns associated with foreign aid. Suggest measures to address the challenges related to foreign aid.","10","150"],[29,"Q.7) You are posted as the District Magistrate (DM) of a district in the Nav Pradesh state of the country. Ramesh, a newly joined SDM in your district, actively engages with the public and is also known for his fitness-related activities. He has a strong presence on social media platforms, where he frequently posts about his work life and fitness endeavors on his personal account. Furthermore, he encourages the public to report issues within the district through his personal social media accounts, and he responds to their concerns, ensuring prompt actions are taken to address these issues. His active presence on social media has garnered him a massive following, not only in the district but also beyond. Also, direct communication with the public has led to a perception of greater transparency and accessibility of district administration in the eyes of the public.\nWhile Ramesh receives praise for his work in enhancing the trust and credibility of the administration, Ramesh's social media activities have also raised concerns among some of his colleagues and superiors. They argue that his posts often go beyond mere updates and venture into self-promotion, potentially blurring the lines between his personal life and his professional responsibilities. They express apprehensions that Ramesh might be seeking personal attention or recognition rather than focusing on his core duties as an SDM. Some of his juniors lamented working with him, as he often scolds them in public, and that too in the presence of cameras.\nOne day, a local MLA arrives at your office regarding a complaint that some of the posts by Ramesh are self-promoting in nature and expresses deep concern over the matter. He alleges that wherever the SDM goes, the normal functioning of the institution is hampered, and one of his official inspections near the highway resulted in heavy traffic congestion, leading to discomfort for commuters. He also says that while doing public work, Ramesh is perversely taking center stage and doesn't give enough credit to others. He expresses his apprehension that Ramesh might capitalize on this goodwill and may soon enter politics in the near future. He further said that in one of his posts, he seemingly divulged some classified information regarding the security apparatus of a high-level dignitary, which could have seriously jeopardized the dignitary's security arrangements.\nOn enquiring Ramesh, he argues that it is the duty of a civil servant to convey all the important information to the public about different schemes of the department. It would also improve the image of the administration among the public. Being in touch with the public would also help him better understand and address grassroots issues. Also, his fitness-related activities are to create awareness about healthy lifestyles, especially among the youth. He argues that his center-stage appearances at functions are because of requests from the organizing authorities of the functions. He also asserts that there is no hidden agenda in his actions.\nSome of your senior authorities have also expressed reservations about the active participation of civil servants on social media. They argue that Ramesh's activities are merely part of his regular work and should not be glorified. They assert that public money should not be used to promote oneself. They argue that bureaucrats should prioritize public service without seeking personal branding, and such self-promotion can create an impression of self-aggrandizement and detract from the selfless nature of public service.\nUsing fancy photos and highlighting official cars, residences, etc. as clickbait goes against the dignity that is expected of a public servant. By the very nature of the job, it is expected that bureaucracy should work behind a fine veil. Bureaucratic anonymity is a foundational value expected from a civil servant to ensure that a civil servant does not develop the negative externalities associated with the personality cult. Such social media posturing also runs the risk of civil servants playing to the gallery as every action comes under popular scrutiny. The point of reference becomes their social media viewership rather than the constitutional mandate.\na) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case study?\nb) Critically assess the role of social media in administration.\nc) What are the various possible choices available to you and which course of action would you choose? Justify your choice.","20","20"],[30,"a) उपरोक्त केस स्टडी में कौन से नैतिक मुद्दे शामिल हैं ?\nb) प्रशासन में सोशल मीडिया की भूमिका का आलोचनात्मक मूल्यांकन कीजिए।\nc) आपके लिए विभिन्न सम्भावित विकल्प क्या उपलब्ध हैं और आप कौन सी कार्रवाई का रास्ता चुनेंगे? अपनी पसंद का औचित्य सिद्ध कीजिए।\na) उपरोक्त केस स्टडी में कौन से नैतिक मुद्दे शामिल हैं ?\nb) प्रशासन में सोशल मीडिया की भूमिका का आलोचनात्मक मूल्यांकन कीजिए।\nc) आपके लिए विभिन्न सम्भावित विकल्प क्या उपलब्ध हैं और आप कौन सी कार्रवाई का रास्ता चुनेंगे? अपनी पसंद का औचित्य सिद्ध कीजिए।","20 अंक","250 शब्द"],[35,"Q.8) Anand Singh is a government bus conductor working with the Nav Pradesh Transport Corporation. Anand has completed 35 years of service and is due for retirement next year. Anand is happy because he is hopeful of getting his daughter, Madhvi, married from the money he will receive as his retirement benefits. However, Anand's wife pesters him to earn more money in one way or the other. Anand likes his job, and all the passengers in his route vouch for his good nature and helpful behaviour.\n\nOne day, Suresh, Anand's boss, called Anand in his cabin. He told Anand that a complaint has been filed against him by a person for illegally taking the ticket money from him without issuing the receipt for the ticket. Suresh explained to Anand that this act amounted to misappropriation of government money. Suresh always saw Anand as a decent individual and he asked him as to why he indulged in such an act? Anand, visibly disturbed, told Suresh that as the conductor of a government bus he receives a meagre salary, grossly insufficient to meet the needs of his family. He told him that his younger daughter, Sarita, suffers from chronic kidney ailment, and requires dialysis twice a week. A huge chunk of his paltry salary goes towards the cost of Sarita's treatment. Moreover, as a single bread-winner of the family, he has to cater to the needs of his elderly parents. Anand further tells Suresh that since last one year a substantial portion of his income goes towards repaying the loan that he took for his elder daughter's college education. Anand laments that even after working for 35 long years, he is unable to provide for his family beyond the bare basic necessities. He tells Suresh that he is aware of many incidents of large-scale corruption in the road transport department that go virtually unnoticed. Further, Anand justifies his act of taking money by highlighting that almost every colleague of his indulges in such practices, and in comparison, to them, what he took, just fifty rupees, is ignorable and paltry. Further, he brought to light the fact that at times they, the conductors, were expected to give their immediate superiors a bribe in the name of convenience fees for various official tasks.\n\nWhile listening to Anand, Suresh feels compassion for him. He decides to verify the veracity of Anand's claim with regard to the dire straits of his financial conditions. On enquiry, all the workers in the office attested to the fact that Anand is going through a very bad phase and that he frequently resorts to short term loans in order to meet his financial requirements. Moreover, the office employees requested Suresh to take a lenient view of Anand's case. They were of the view that if a strong action is taken over such a trivial incident, then it would be highly unjust and unfair towards Anand. On reaching his home, Suresh shared the whole occurrence and Anand's story with his wife. To his surprise, his wife too agreed with the employees of the office. She told him that such small incidents are a routine matter. Also, with rising inflation and increasing obligations, this is the only way for people like Anand to make their ends meet. She asks Suresh to not waste his time and energy over such a small matter.\n\nSuresh knows Anand as a hard-working individual who has many mouths to feed at home. Suresh shares genuine sympathy with him, however, he also understands that embezzlement of government money, irrespective of amount and circumstances, is wrong. Now he is in a state of dilemma over his course of action.\na) Why are the incidents of petty corruption trivialized? According to you, is it justifiable to ignore small incidents of corruption?\nb) What are various ethical dilemmas in the above case study?\nc) Discuss the merits and demerits of various options available to Suresh. Also, what, according to you, will be the ideal course of action and why?","20","250"],[36,"a) छोटे-छोटे भ्रष्टाचार की घटनाओं को तुच्छ क्यों समझा जाता है? आपके हिसाब से क्या भ्रष्टाचार की छोटी-छोटी घटनाओं को नजरअंदाज करना जायज है?\nb) उपरोक्त केस स्टडी में विभिन्न नैतिक दुविधाएं क्या हैं?\nc) सुरेश के लिए उपलब्ध विभिन्न विकल्पों के गुण-दोषों की चर्चा कीजिए। साथ ही, आपके अनुसार आदर्श कार्यवाही क्या होगी और क्यों?","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[41,"Q.9 Anand and Radha are a married couple with two children living in a metropolitan city in India. Anand is a successful manager at a reputable company. Radha is also a well-qualified and equally skilled individual. Together as a family, they are close knitted and happy unit. One of the important reasons behind their family's wellbeing is the sacrifice made by Radha. Radha had previously relinquished her successful career due to familial responsibilities arising out of childbearing.\n\nEven though Radha is proud of her achievement in raising a happy family, she longs to fill the void left due to letting go of what could have been a promising career. Radha, at multiple instances, has expressed her resentment to Anand. The irony of being limited to household chores despite having stellar professional credentials often leaves Radha rattled. Even though Anand is sympathetic to her woes, he never really did anything substantial to allay her concerns.\n\nOne day, through a career portal, Radha learns of a job opening at Anand's company that aligns well with her qualifications. She thinks the job is perfect for her and will give her latent career a boost. When Radha brought up the matter with Anand, to her dismay, Anand exhorted that, as a woman Radha should prioritize herself more on the familial responsibilities. Also, Anand tried to reason that his earnings were sufficient to cater the needs of the family. He further argued that both him and Radha engaging in work may result in disturbing the wellbeing of the family.\n\nRadha, on the other hand, rebuked by saying that family is not her sole responsibility and Anand should equally contribute towards the running of the household. Further, Radha tried to explain that she feels unsatisfied with limiting herself to domestic work and the void left due to compromising a promising career makes her feel undervalued. She also conveyed that working in the same company would lead to better coordination to manage family responsibilities. She expressed that her earnings would also help enhance their standard of living.\n\nDespite acknowledging Radha's qualifications and her arguments, Anand turned down her request citing company policies prohibiting the employment of close relatives. Nevertheless, Radha gets a job in a different company. They mutually agreed that they would share their family responsibilities. They agreed to avail the WFH (work from home) provisions alternatively for ensuring the well-being of children.\n\nAnand's company started an important project and made Anand the overall in charge of the same. Due to the nature of the project, Anand had to put in long hours in the office. Anand's excessive involvement with the project became a double whammy for Radha, as she had to juggle between household and official responsibilities. Radha perceived it as a deliberate measure on the part of Anand to overburden her and make her quit her job.\n\nConstant quarrels and clashes became the order of the day. The strained relationship between Anand and Radha had a spillover effect on their children's emotional wellbeing. They longed for care and attention and felt traumatized seeing their parents' fight.\n\nYou are a common friend of Radha and Anand.\na) What are the qualities you think that Anand lack? Does Radha also lack some qualities?\nb) As a common friend what course of action would you suggest to Anand and Radha and why?\nc) Do you think emotional intelligence can help Anand and Radha resolve their issues?","20","250"],[42,"आप राधा और आनंद के कॉमन मित्र हैं।\na) आपको क्या लगता है कि आनंद में किन गुणों की कमी है? क्या राधा में भी कुछ गुणों की कमी है?\nb) एक कॉमन फ्रेंड के तौर पर आप आनंद और राधा को क्या कदम सुझाएंगे और क्यों?\nc) क्या आपको लगता है कि भावनात्मक बुद्धिमत्ता आनंद और राधा को उनके मुद्दों को हल करने में मदद कर सकती है?","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[47,"Q.10) Moonlighting refers to doing a second job, typically at night and secretly, in addition to one's regular employment. With work from home becoming a new feature of many jobs, it has become easy for many people to moonlight.\nArvind is a software engineer in Comsoft, an MNC, and he works from home for his firm. Arvind has received only meagre salary hikes in the last two years as the business of Comsoft has suffered due to the pandemic. However, his expenditure has increased substantially as he got married and had a child in these two years. Arvind was finding it difficult to make his ends meet and decided to take up another job, apart from his regular job in Comsoft. He got his second gig at Mocsoft, who happened to be a competitor of Comsoft, and thus, started moonlighting. This side gig was very helpful for Arvind and his financial condition started improving. Arvind found that in Mocsoft, his role and responsibilities were quite similar to that in his regular employment at Comsoft. This meant that he could easily manoeuvre between two jobs without compromising the quality of work in either company. Shift timing of both the jobs were also different. To keep the two jobs separate, he used his official computer to work for Comsoft and his personal computer for Mocsoft. Two jobs gave Arvind financial space to save for buying a house, something the couple had always dreamt of. However, all his plans shattered and his world came crashing down when Arvind received an official mail from Comsoft informing him of his termination with immediate effect citing his second job as the reason for termination. Arvind was clueless as to what to do now and how to tell his wife about his termination. Similar is the story of hundreds of Arvind, who were terminated for moonlighting.\na) Analyze the various ethical issues involved in the case of moonlighting.\nb) Do you think Comsoft's decision to terminate the employment of Arvind is justified? Why or why not?\nc) Identify various qualities which could help Arvind handle this situation.","20","250"],[49,"Decision of consult to terminate Arvind is justified on basis of\n1) violating company's code of conduct\n2) Against ethical values -> misusing power and position\n3) risk of sharing secret information to microsoft, competitor of consult\n4) demoralising work culture -> spillover effect on other employees\n5) not punishing -> slippery slope\n6) compromise of ethical-economic-ethical principles by Arvind","",""],[50,"(c) Qualities which could help Somnath\n1) Emotional Intelligence - To persuade consult company to reconsider termination order; To persuade his wife and children about termination and giving hope for better future prospect.\n2) Intellectual quotient - Aswoul's specialized skill in his work will help to get other job better and promote speedily.","",""],[52,"Q.11 Rahul belongs to a wealthy and influential business family. On his 17th birthday, he threw a party for his friends at a famous club in the city. The celebration continued late into the night, where everyone enjoyed themselves. After the party, Rahul bid goodbye to his friends and decided to drive home. He was driving his high-end SUV and, while speeding for fun, he lost control of the car while negotiating a sharp turn. The car collided with a bike coming from the opposite direction. The two occupants of the bike died on the spot, while Rahul escaped with minor bruises on his face and knees. The police arrived at the scene, detained Rahul, and took him to the hospital for a preliminary medical check-up. The families of the deceased were informed, and the bodies were sent for autopsy.\nAfter the initial legal formalities, Rahul was presented before the Juvenile Justice Board. The Board granted him bail on lenient terms that included writing a 300-word essay on road safety. This decision sparked outrage, but the situation escalated when a video of Rahul and his friends consuming alcohol in the club emerged and went viral on social media. As the case became the talk of the city, an investigative report by a leading daily unveiled further shocking details. The report revealed that Rahul's father had attempted to mislead the police by falsely claiming that the family driver was at the wheel during the accident. Initial actions by the police suggested preferential treatment towards Rahul, including delays in filing the FIR and later registering it under lenient provisions of the law. The investigative report also highlighted the involvement of medical staff in manipulating and tampering with evidence in exchange for inducements from Rahul's father. Rahul's blood samples were replaced with those of another person which had no traces of alcohol. Furthermore, the local MLA, who is the brother of State Home Minister and close to Rahul's family, reportedly intervened to influence police and judicial proceedings in favor of the juvenile. The city is gripped by a sense of injustice as details of corruption, collusion, and manipulation unfold, revealing the lengths to which those in power can conspire and make a mockery of laws, institutions, and principles of justice.\nYou are the SP of the district where the entire incident occurred. Prima facie, the facts highlighted in the newspaper's investigative report appear to be correct. However, due to the involvement of the local MLA and the political connections of Rahul's father, you are facing pressure from higher authorities to manipulate the investigation and acquit Rahul. Additionally, the MLA has promised a 'plum posting' if you hush up the matter, and your promotion is also due soon. Meanwhile, the families of the victims, along with the public, are demanding accountability and justice.\na) As the SP of the district, examine the options available to you. What course of action would you take and why?\nb) How might the actions of Rahul's father influence his perception of personal responsibility and societal obligations?","20","250"],[53,"a) जिले के पुलिस अधीक्षक के रूप में, आपके पास उपलब्ध विकल्पों की जांच करें। आप क्या कदम उठाएंगे और क्यों?\nb) राहुल के पिता के कार्यों से उनकी व्यक्तिगत जिम्मेदारी और सामाजिक दायित्वों की धारणा पर क्या प्रभाव पड़ सकता है?\na) जिले के पुलिस अधीक्षक के रूप में, आपके पास उपलब्ध विकल्पों की जांच करें। आप क्या कदम उठाएंगे और क्यों?\nb) राहुल के पिता के कार्यों से उनकी व्यक्तिगत जिम्मेदारी और सामाजिक दायित्वों की धारणा पर क्या प्रभाव पड़ सकता है?","","20 अंक"],[58,"Q.12 Abhay is a senior officer in a government think tank. He is responsible for analysing the demands for funds from various ministries and state governments. His job mandates making recommendations to the government for prioritising the budget expenditure. Abhay's department is presently busy in analysing the demands for funds from five different ministries. The first demand is from the Ministry of Defence for 500 crore rupees. The Ministry of Defence has solicited funds for the acquisition of state-of-the-art bullet proof vests and assault weapons for the armed force personnel posted in insurgent invested areas of Jammu and Kashmir. The second demand is from the Ministry of Heavy Industries. The Ministry of Heavy Industries has demanded 300 crore rupees for the purchase of electric scooters. Distribution of electric scooters was one of the election promises of the incumbent union government in order to reduce pollution levels in the country. Further, as two states are set to go to poll next year, there is an additional pressure from a senior cabinet minister to prioritise this demand. The third demand is for 200 crore rupees from the Ministry of Road Transport. The Ministry of Road Transport has proposed to build robust road connectivity in left wing affected areas and also in the hilly states. It is reasoned that while road connectivity will have a multiplier impact on the economy, it will also improve the governance process. The fourth demand is from the Ministry of Health for 200 crore rupees. The Ministry of Health has targeted to increase the insurance penetration in the country. It is argued that increased insurance penetration will boost public health and reduce out-of-pocket expenditure. The fifth demand is for 300 crore rupees from the Ministry of Women and Child Development. The MoWCD aims to expand its nutrition programme in the country. It is believed that in order to check the high levels of stunting and wasting in the children, the State needs to take a larger role. While each of the government schemes is important, the fiscal space available with the exchequer is limited. Accordingly, Abhay has an elbow space to accommodate schemes worth 1000 crore rupees. Now, it is incumbent upon Abhay to allocate the available money in the most prudent fashion.\na) What principles should guide Abhay in the allocation of money?\nb) Imagine yourself in the position of Abhay. In what order will you prioritise the available funds and why?","20","20"],[64,"When must you seek mentorship?","",""]]},{"i":887,"t":"Vipul Chaudhary","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/5cf7a-118042_2931_vipulbhai-karmanbhai-chaudhary_rank_115.pdf","q":[[6,"1. (a) The end cannot justify the means, for the simple and obvious reason that the means employed determine the nature of the ends produced. Discuss with suitable examples.","10","150"],[8,"1. (b) Discuss how the relationship between law and ethics is dynamic and continuously shaped by societal changes. Provide examples to illustrate this dynamic relationship. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[10,"2. (a) Differentiate between probity and integrity with suitable examples. How do these values contribute to ethical governance and decision-making in the civil services? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[12,"2. (b) Discuss the ethical implications of withholding information in public administration. How can transparency enhance accountability and reduce corruption in government institutions? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[14,"3 (a) What do each of the following quotations mean to you?\n(a) \"There is no school equal to a decent home and no teacher equal to a virtuous parent.\" - Mahatma Gandhi (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"3. (b) \"Everyone thinks of changing the world, but no one thinks of changing himself.\" - Leo Tolstoy (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[18,"3. (c) \"To see what is right and not do it is a lack of courage.\" – Confucius (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[20,"4. (a) What factors lead to a positive attitude in a person? How does positive attitude enhance the effectiveness of civil servants in performing their duties? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[22,"4. (b) Discuss how emotional intelligence can influence ethical decision-making in the allocation of scarce public resources.","10","150"],[24,"5. (a) Various international humanitarian organizations provide emergency aid in conflict zones around the world. Highlight the ethical challenges faced by such organizations. What are the principles that guide international humanitarian work? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[26,"5. (b) Why is persuasion regarded as an important skill for civil servants? What are the key considerations that should guide persuasion in governance? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[28,"6. (a) What role can ethical leadership play in curbing corruption, especially in public service? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[30,"6. (b) What were the major teachings of Swami Dayanand Saraswati? Explain their relevance in addressing the current ethical and social challenges in India.","10","150"],[33,"(a) Discuss the ethical dilemma Karan faces in deciding whether to report the incident against Mariyam's wishes.\n(b) Evaluate the options available to Karan. Which of these options should he choose and why?\n(c) What responsibilities do organizations like XYZ Corp have in preventing and addressing sexual harassment and creating inclusive workplace environments? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[34,"A) ETHICAL DILEMMA BY KIRAN\n(1) whether to file a complaint vs allow to continue the strict.\n(2) dilemma between personal integrity vs company's loyalty.\n(3) consis of conscience -> whether to take action or not -> cognitive dissonance.\n(4) Integrity vs Honesty","",""],[38,"8 (a) शिक्षा विभाग के आयुक्त के रूप में जय के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं? इनमें से प्रत्येक विकल्प का मूल्यांकन कीजिए।\n(b) जय को कौन-सा विकल्प अपनाना चाहिए और क्यों?\n(c) जय जैसे सिविल सेवकों को अपने दायित्वों के निर्वहन में नैतिक मानकों को बनाए रखने के प्रयास के दौरान बेहतर सुरक्षा कैसे प्रदान की जा सकती है? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)\na) शिक्षा विभाग के आयुक्त के रूप में जय के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं? इनमें से प्रत्येक विकल्प का मूल्यांकन कीजिए।\nb) जय को कौन-सा विकल्प अपनाना चाहिए और क्यों?\nc) जय जैसे सिविल सेवकों को अपने दायित्वों के निर्वहन में नैतिक मानकों को बनाए रखने के प्रयास के दौरान बेहतर सुरक्षा कैसे प्रदान की जा सकती है? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250 शब्दों में"],[39,"(a) What are the options available to Jay as the Commissioner of the Education Department? Evaluate each of these options.\n(b) What option should Jay adopt and why?\n(c) How can civil servants like Jay be better protected when they attempt to uphold ethical standards in their work? (Answer in 250 words)\na) What are the options available to Jay as the Commissioner of the Education Department? Evaluate each of these options.\nb) What option should Jay adopt and why?\nc) How can civil servants like Jay be better protected when they attempt to uphold ethical standards in their work? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[43,"9 As the District Magistrate of X city, you are responsible for overseeing the construction of a new metro depot in an urban forest area, which is a critical infrastructure project aimed at improving public transportation and reducing traffic congestion and air pollution. The project, however, requires the clearance of a substantial portion of the forest, which has triggered strong opposition from environmental activists, local residents, and NGOs. This forest is widely regarded as essential for the city's ecological balance, often referred to as the city's \"lungs.\" In addition to the environmental concerns, you are under considerable pressure from politicians at the state-level to expedite the project, given the upcoming elections in two years. The political leadership emphasizes the benefits of the metro project for the city's development and its potential to garner electoral support. The project is expected to significantly reduce travel time for thousands of commuters and potentially decrease overall vehicle emissions in the city. However, it would also lead to the loss of thousands of trees and disrupt local ecosystems. As you prepare to make a decision, you are aware that your choice will have far-reaching consequences for both the city's development and its environment.\n(a) Identify the ethical dilemmas involved in the above case.\n(b) Evaluate the options available to you in the above situation. Which of these would you choose and why?\n(c) Suggest some measures that could be implemented to balance urban development needs with environmental conservation in future projects. (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[48,"10 Dr. Mehra is a senior drug developer at a leading pharmaceutical company in India, renowned for producing various medications, including lifesaving drugs critical for treating chronic and rare diseases. Since its inception, the company has emphasized the quality and affordability of its drugs.\n\nRecently, under revised government guidelines, pharmaceutical companies are required to market a finished product only after obtaining \"satisfactory results\" from tests on the ingredients. Additionally, they must retain a sufficient quantity of samples of both intermediate and final products to allow repeated testing or verification of a batch.\n\nDr. Mehra's team is in the final stages of developing a new medication for a rare but life-threatening disease. This drug has shown promising results in clinical trials. However, there have been unresolved concerns about the long-term side effects of the drug, observed in a small percentage of trial subjects. Despite this, the company has not released any major drug in the past decade, leading to significant pressure from the board members to expedite the drug's release.\n(a) Identify the stakeholders in the above case study.\n(b) Discuss the ethical issues faced by Dr. Mehra.\n(c) Analyse the options available to Dr. Mehra in the above case. Which of these would you choose and why? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[49,"3 Ethical dilemma - whether to approve new medication which has promising results but unresolved long term effects\na) Ethical issues faced by Dr Mehta\nb) Pressure from Board of management which can dilute 'decision making' of Dr. Mehta?","",""],[53,"11 You have been appointed as the Under Secretary in the State Urban Development Department. The Department has been tasked with a prestigious project aimed at revitalizing the infrastructure of a city with deep historical significance. This project, which you are extremely passionate about, involves modernizing public transportation, restoring heritage buildings, and creating green spaces while preserving the city's cultural essence.\n\nExcited by the opportunity, you spent weeks researching and drafting a comprehensive proposal. Your plan included innovative ideas for sustainable development, community engagement, and leveraging technology for urban planning. You presented these initial plans in a departmental meeting, hoping to inspire your colleagues and kickstart the project.\n\nHowever, your enthusiasm was met with indifference. Your colleagues showed little interest, failing to contribute ideas or efforts towards the project. Concerned, you reported this lack of enthusiasm to your immediate superior, who is also the authority for this project. To your dismay,\n(a) इस प्रकरण में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\n(b) उपयुक्त कार्य संस्कृति कार्यस्थल पर मनोबल और उत्पादकता को किस प्रकार प्रभावित करती है?\n(c) आपके पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं और आप इस स्थिति का समाधान किस प्रकार करेंगे? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250 शब्दों में"],[54,"(a) Discuss the ethical issues involved in this case.\n(b) How does the above-mentioned work culture affect workplace morale and productivity?\n(c) What are the options available to you and how would you address the situation? (Answer in 250 words)\na) Discuss the ethical issues involved in this case.\nb) How does the above-mentioned work culture affect workplace morale and productivity?\nc) What are the options available to you and how would you address the situation? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[55,"b) How does above work culture affect:\n1 demoralising civil servant -> handwork of 2 months of my rent at waste if employee is not rewarded what it deserve.","",""],[58,"12 (a) उपयुक्त प्रकरण के आलोक में, कॉर्पोरेट, राजनीतिक और नौकरशाही के हितों के बीच गठजोड़ से उत्पन्न होने वाले नैतिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\n(b) एक कर्तव्यनिष्ठ सिविल सेवक के रूप में, अरुण के पास उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन कीजिए। उसे कौन-सा विकल्प चुनना चाहिए और क्यों? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)\na) उपयुक्त प्रकरण के आलोक में, कॉर्पोरेट, राजनीतिक और नौकरशाही के हितों के बीच गठजोड़ से उत्पन्न होने वाले नैतिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\nb) एक कर्तव्यनिष्ठ सिविल सेवक के रूप में, अरुण के पास उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन कीजिए। उसे कौन-सा विकल्प चुनना चाहिए और क्यों? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250 शब्दों में"],[59,"(a) In light of the above case, discuss the ethical issues that may arise from the nexus between corporate, political, and bureaucratic interests.\n(b) As a conscientious civil servant, evaluate the options available to Arun. Which option should he choose and why? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"]]},{"i":1060,"t":"Vishaka Yadav","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1bSUTjHvrIky6QsV6NPBJ2ycxzAsU4mDp/view","q":[[3,"1. Given below are two quotations. For each of these bring out what it means to you in the present context.\n(a) The golden rule of conduct is mutual toleration, seeing that we will never all think alike and we shall always see Truth in fragment and from different points of vision. Mahatma Gandhi.","10","not more than 150 words each"],[5,"1. (b) The mind of the superior man is conversant with righteousness; the mind of the mean man is conversant with gain. Confucius.","10",""],[7,"2. (a) Impersonal management, a characteristic feature of a Weberian bureaucracy, develops over time into indifference, especially with regard to weaker sections of the society. Critically discuss.","10",""],[9,"2. (b) In pursuit of political power, means are often compromised that leads to competitive reliance on unethical practices resulting in erosion of public trust. Discuss.","10",""],[11,"3. (a) It takes more than a corporate governance policy to inspire ethical behavior and sustain a truly ethical workplace. Discuss.","10",""],[13,"3. (b) \"Law should be so succinct that it can be carried in the pocket of the coat and it should be so simple that it can be understood by a peasant.\" Discuss.","10",""],[15,"4. (a) Ethics in international relations has the potential to cater to the diplomatic challenges of 21st century. Examine.","10",""],[17,"4. (b) Nolan Committee provides for one of the most comprehensive statements of what constitutes ethical standards for holders of public office. Elaborate.","10",""],[19,"5. (a) The sharper the socio-economic disparities, the greater the incentive towards corruption. Analyse.","10",""],[21,"5. (b) The moral worth of an action depends not on the consequences that flow from it, but on its motivation. Explain the statement with the help of suitable examples.","10",""],[23,"6. The universal adoption of common good approach poses the ethical dilemma of putting collective interests over and above the individual interests. Discuss with examples.","10",""],[25,"7. Compassion should never be considered as weakness, but rather as an essential element for providing a congenial administrative working environment. Discuss.","10",""],[27,"8. Explain what you understand by the following values and discuss their importance for civil services:\n(a) Professionalism","10",""],[28,"8. (b) Nishkama Karma","",""],[29,"9. There have been widespread agitations both in favour of and against extending reservation in educational institutions and government jobs to a certain section of the society. You have been appointed as the chairman of a high level committee, constituted by the government to examine the matter and make recommendations. So far, the committee has found no compelling reasons to extend reservation to this section. While the report of the committee is pending finalization, you get an impression through the media that the government is inclined to accept the demand for extending the reservation, regardless of the findings of your committee. Some members of the committee are also inclined to support the government stand.\n(a) Discuss the dilemma, if any, that you face in this situation.\n(b) What course of action would you take? Give reasons for the same.\n(c) Also discuss the ethical issues involved with the policy of affirmative action in India.","20","around 250"],[34,"10. You are an honest and responsible civil servant. You often observe the following: (a) If one wants to remain effective and powerful to create impact on the lives of people, one should remain loyal to those in power. (b) Following ethical means may not be practical and effective at all times. (c) Petty corruption expedites the service delivery. Examine the above statements with their merits and demerits.","20",""],[39,"11. Recently, two national level sportspersons who are integral members of their team, made some comments in a talk show which were perceived as being grossly misogynistic and racist. This created a huge controversy and they were temporarily suspended from the team pending an enquiry. In light of these events, answer the following questions:\n(a) Do you think public figures have an additional responsibility in so far as expressing their views on matters of public importance is concerned? Give reasons.\n(b) According to you, what are the reasons that some prominent public figures make such misogynistic comments, and even get away without any consequences?\n(c) As the person in charge to enquire into the conduct, what factors would you consider to examine it and what punishment, if any, would you prescribe in this specific case?","20",""],[44,"12. There are large number of leather industries in a major industrial town of India. They provide employment to large number of people and are also a prominent source of revenue for the state. Lately it has been observed that despite following the present emission control rules, the collective ecological footprint of these industries remains quite high affecting the surrounding areas in an adverse manner. The new technologies available for emission control are quite costly and thus acts as a disincentive for the owners of the industries for adopting them.\nIn light of this information, the government is contemplating the following options:\n(a) Shutting down the industries in the region\n(b) Relocating the industries to a new region\n(c) Making the emission control rules stricter\n(d) Providing incentives to the industry owners for adoption of new technology.","20",""],[49,"13. Many coal mines in a district subject the workers to inhuman working conditions with little safety measures in place. As such, there have been several accidents and many workers have died in the past. In recognition of a recent accident where fifteen workers were trapped and died, the National Green Tribunal has ordered for closure of all such mines. Some of them have shut down, but many still continue to operate by getting an exception from the government, sometimes using the unholy nexus of politicians-miners-bureaucrats. In absence of alternative employment, the locals have no other choice but to work in mines. The mine owners are in-fact inciting the workers to protest to simultaneously put a pressure on the state to completely overturn the ban. As a District Magistrate of this district, you have been asked by the State government to prepare a report on this issue and give recommendations to resolve it. In this regard, answer the following questions:\n(a) Identify the interests of State and analyse whether there may be a conflict amongst them?\n(b) Given that economic growth is often achieved with a large human cost, identify the principles and strategies which could be used in the given case to achieve desirable outcomes.","20",""],[54,"14. Recently you were posted as a District Magistrate of a predominantly agricultural district, which has been one of the best performers in agriculture since the last decade. In one of your field visits, you find that the large landowners, who are a socially, politically and economically powerful group, employ domestic helps and agriculture labour who are informally tied to them and have been working there since generations. In return, these workers are provided basic amenities like food and shelter apart from some money. However, you do sense a violation of basic human rights in this situation.\nIn light of the above case, answer the following questions:\n(a) Identify the stakeholders, their interests and ethical issues involved in the case.\n(b) How does denial of choice amount to violation of human rights?\n(c) What course of action would you take? Give reasons.","20",""]]},{"i":1061,"t":"Vishakha Yadav","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/19qxnT0ux5j2A1qaT8ERdzJ_u-sZioLSW/view","q":[[3,"1. (a) Test of morality goes beyond doing a simple cost benefit analysis. Discuss with suitable examples.","10","not more than 150"],[5,"1. (b) Explaining what an ethical dilemma is, discuss how it reflects not merely a choice between competing interests and values but also a test of strength of one's character.","10",""],[7,"2. (a) Discuss Vivekananda's views on nationalism. Do you think nationalism has become more a divisive force in the world today than one that integrates?","10",""],[9,"2. (b) What is the relationship between Ethics and Law? Explain with examples.","10",""],[11,"3. (a) What do you understand by Emotional Intelligence? Highlight its importance for civil servants.","10",""],[13,"3. (b) Explain the importance of probity in governance. What measures have been undertaken for ensuring probity in governance in India?","10",""],[15,"4. (a) What do you understand by corporate ethics? Explain its significance for socio-economic development.","10",""],[17,"4. (b) Ethics plays an important role in sports. In this context, explain the importance of the virtues of fairness, integrity, responsibility and respect for sportspersons.","10",""],[19,"5. (a) Discuss the importance of being a role model for achieving success as a leader. In this context, what do you think are the qualities that separate a leader from a manager?","10",""],[21,"5. (b) Explain the meaning and importance of the following civil services values with appropriate examples:\ni. Selflessness\nii. Objectivity\niii. Accountability\niv. Fortitude\nv. Integrity","10",""],[23,"6. What are the problems arising out of declining ethical standards among public servants? Suggest certain strategies to address the same.","10",""],[25,"7. Differentiate between the following:\n(a) Horizontal and Vertical Accountability\n(b) Code of Ethics and Code of Conduct","10",""],[27,"8. Write short notes on the following:\n(a) Relation between public and private ethics","10",""],[28,"8. (b) Role of family in inculcating values","",""],[29,"9. A woman employee has leveled allegations of sexual misconduct on social media against the Head of Operations in the company where you are in-charge of human resources department. This has been in the context of the recent phenomenon of women coming out against powerful men who have sexually harassed them in the past. Given the frenzy around the issue, your company is under immense pressure to act quickly against this person. You have the following options before you:\n(a) Accept the statement of allegations and take departmental and legal action quickly.\n(b) Investigate the matter through an internal complaints committee and take action after it submits its findings.\n Analyse the given options and argue which course of action would you choose? Also suggest what measures would you take to prevent occurrences of such instances in your company in future.","20","around 250"],[34,"10. A state has been notorious for high rate of crimes and illicit activities. An understaffed police force along with sheer volume of criminal instances makes it difficult for police to duly investigate and pursue all cases till their logical end. The criminal justice system is also burdened and it takes years to deliver justice. Given the nexus between criminals and politicians, it is difficult to conduct investigation without external influences. A sense of lawlessness has prevailed in the society. In this backdrop, it has been observed that police has been resorting to increasing number of encounters of alleged criminals rather than catching them and follow due process. Popular public sentiment is also supportive of this method and the result has been a general declining trend in crime. Given this scenario, answer the following questions:\n(a) Analyse the issue from different ethical perspectives.\n(b) What could be the effects on the police administration and the society of such a strategy?\n(c) As an advisor to the Chief Minister of the State, what advice would you give to improve the law and order situation?","20",""],[39,"11. Tobacco is one of the major commercial crops cultivated in a district, where you have been posted as the District Magistrate. But being a signatory to the UN Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, it is obligatory upon India to phase out tobacco cultivation by 2020. The state government had constituted a committee, which has recently submitted a report to gradually phase out its cultivation and rehabilitate farmers who shift to alternative crops. However, fearing loss of livelihood, farmers have blocked the railway lines, causing disruption at various places. They are demanding written assurance from the state government that tobacco cultivation will be allowed to continue.\n(a) What are the ethical and administrative issues involved in this matter?\n(b) What are the options available to you as the District Magistrate?\n(c) Evaluate each of these options and choose the option, which you would adopt, giving reasons.","20",""],[44,"12. An international soft drink company has a signature soft drink that it sells all over the world. In India, the version of the soft drink complies with Indian food and health regulations, but is less healthy and less safe than the drink sold in the European market where the law is stricter. A recent study in a respected health journal has indicated that this product can lead to severe public health issues in the years to come. The government has appointed a committee under your chairmanship to look into the issue and submit a report on the matter. What are the factors that you would consider in making your suggestions? In particular, identify the various stakeholders and examine the various socio-economic and ethical issues involved in this case.","20",""],[49,"13. You are appointed as the principal of a school, which is located in a backward district. A colleague brings to your attention that a group of boys indulge in smoking during school hours within the vicinity of the school. The same group has also repeatedly been caught consuming alcohol in the school premises. No form of punishment seems to be effective while dealing with this particular group.\nUpon investigation, you find that the boys belong to low-income families and have picked up the habits from elders at home and neighbours. The teachers are concerned about the effect it will have on other students. You also realise that this problem has to be addressed as quickly as possible. In this context, answer the following questions:\n(a) Identify the factors that make young people take up such harmful habits? What is the role of educational institutions in inculcating right habits among the students?\n(b) How would you address the immediate issue? Analyse the options available to you in this regard.\n(c) How will you bring about a behavioural change among students in this case?","20",""],[54,"14. In your personal life you are a religious person and strongly believe in the preservation of socio-cultural beliefs. Your recent posting as an IPS officer has brought you to a district with a widely revered shrine. Shortly after you take charge, you find considerable tension building up in the district on the question of women's entry in the shrine. In this backdrop, the Supreme Court has ruled in favour of women being allowed to enter the shrine. You are aware that there is considerable resentment against the decision. Additionally, several political parties, religious bodies and groups have launched a campaign to defend the tradition. In few weeks the traditional annual pilgrimage to the shrine is going to commence. You suspect that if the situation is not diffused it might lead to law and order problems.\n(a) What are the key issues at stake here?\n(b) Do you see any dilemmas in the unfolding situation?\n(c) In this context, what steps would you take to discharge your duties?","20",""]]},{"i":891,"t":"Vishnu Sasikumar","c":"Nextias","p":"GS1","y":null,"r":31,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/ee21bf4c91767f03906ea17bc7230b10/10/air-31-vishnu-sasikumar_test-1_gs1.pdf","q":[[5,"Q.1 The fabric of Indian philosophical thought owes as much to Northern India as to Southern India. Elucidate.","10","150"],[7,"Q.2 The Indian society's impulse for social change and reform was a response to its opposition to colonial rule. Examine.","10","150"],[9,"Q.3 What are the factors that led to the Russian revolution and what are the consequences of this revolution? Discuss its influence on the Indian national movement.","10","Answer in 150"],[11,"Q.4 Discuss the various factors responsible for the uneven temperature distribution on Earth's surface.","10","150"],[13,"Q.5 The melting of glaciers due to climate change has serious implications for the ecosystem and human society. Discuss the effects of melting glaciers on the environment and the measures that can be taken to address this issue.","10","150"],[15,"Q.6 The White Revolution was most successful in the Western part of India. Discuss the factors for this regional success of the White Revolution.","10","150"],[16,"Why White Revolution not to other regions","",""],[17,"Q.7 To what extent does seismic investigation contribute to our understanding of the Earth's interior structure? Analyze its significance in detail.","10","150"],[19,"Q.8 The pace of demographic transition varies across different states of India making population growth a double-edged sword. Comment.","10","Answer in 150"],[21,"Q.9 The ethnic and cultural diversity in India has always been bound by the thread of unity. Discuss the major factors that have contributed to the cultural unity of India.","10","150"],[23,"Q.10 The dichotomy in public and private life in Indian society acts as a major barrier to the annihilation of caste. Justify.","10","150"],[25,"Q.11 India was forced into numerous wars post Independence. Highlight the causes and impact of the Indo-Pak and Indo-China wars on our bilateral relationships.","15","250"],[28,"Q.12 The process of consolidation of Bengal, which started after the Battle of Plassey culminated in the Battle of Buxar. Do you think the Battle of Buxar was more important for the British than Plassey?","15","250"],[31,"Q.13 Sanskrit literature in general and particularly in the Guptan age set a high watermark for the literary history of ancient India. Discuss.","15","250"],[34,"Q.14 The configuration of the ocean floor provides essential information about the geological processes that have shaped the Earth's surface. Discuss the major features of the ocean floor and their significance in the study of oceanography.","15","Answer in 250"],[35,"Cracks in ocean floor indicate cracking due to earthquake.","",""],[37,"Q.15 With the growing demand for rare earth elements, their distribution has become a critical aspect of the global economy. Discuss the distribution of rare earth elements across the world, their uses, and the environmental impact of their extraction.","15","250"],[40,"Q16 Tourism in the hilly states is threatening to exceed the ecological carrying capacity of the region. Analyze the factors contributing to this trend and evaluate the potential Environmental impacts of this phenomenon. What measures can be taken to ensure sustainable tourism in these states?","15","250"],[43,"Q.17 The Indian monsoon is a complex phenomenon influenced by various climatic factors. Critically examine the role of oceanic and atmospheric factors in determining the intensity and distribution of monsoon rainfall in India.","15","250"],[46,"Why do traditions in our society impede change? To what extent can social legislation be instrumental against old customary practices?","15","Answer in 250"],[49,"Q.19 Slums are not 'problems' that have to be 'solved' - but are indeed a result of lopsided and vested urban policies covering infrastructure provision and socio-economic issues. Analyse.","15","Answer in 250"],[52,"Communalism gains strength from economic deprivation, and thrives in environments of social exclusion, creating fertile ground for discontent and division. Comment.","15","250"]]},{"i":892,"t":"Vishnu Sasikumar","c":"Nextias","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":31,"u":"https://next-ias-appsquadz.s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com/file_library/pdf/original/ee21bf4c91767f03906ea17bc7230b10/11/air-31-vishnu-sasikumar_test-4_gs4.pdf","q":[[5,"1. (a) Public service requires not merely legal but also morally principled action. Public service requires the public servant to place loyalty to the constitution, laws, and ethical principles. Among the three, which do you think must acquire primacy while carrying out official functions? Why? Discuss.","10","150"],[7,"1. (b) What do you understand by \"integrity-based civil disobedience\"? Do you think a challenge to personal integrity can be a justifiable cause for responsible disobedience in civil services? Explain.","10","Answer in 150"],[9,"2. (a) Recent research has shown that emotions significantly impact personal and professional lives. What are the primary emotions that negatively and positively impact workplace productivity? Explain with relevant examples.","10","150"],[11,"2. (b) Technical efficiency ensures resource utilization and social efficiency ensures fulfillment of social needs, what does ethical efficiency ensure? Do you think ethical efficiency is more important than technical and social efficiency? Why/Why not?","10","150"],[13,"3. (a) \"Man cannot do right in one department of life whilst he is occupied in doing wrong in any other department.\" Gandhi.\nDo you think an individual's personal ethics impacts professional life or they both can be compartmentalized? Explain your position with relevant examples.","10","150"],[15,"3. (b) Goodness is the result of internal imperatives to do what is right, not sanctions from moral rules or rewards from expected consequences. Do you agree? Discuss.","10","150"],[17,"4 (a) Explain the meaning of the following quotations and discuss their contemporary relevance.\n(a) \"To tolerate is purely an act of the mind. That is the essence of virtue. To tolerate is a strength.\" (Answer in 150 words) 10 Marks","10","150"],[19,"4. (b) \"It is our first duty to serve society, and after we have done that, we may attend wholly to the salvation of our souls.\"","10","150"],[21,"4. (c) \"Periods of peace are the empty pages in the history books\"","10","Answer in 150"],[23,"5. (a) In the context of civil service, distinguish between moral and nonmoral values. Identify 5 basic moral values that can serve as foundational values for all services irrespective of the department. Give reasons why those values can be considered foundational.","10","150"],[25,"5. (b) Citizens' involvement in decision-making is critical to ethics in governance. Do you agree that effective civic engagement mechanisms can facilitate an ethics-driven administration? What do you think are the mechanisms that citizens can use for ensuring ethics in governance?","10","150"],[27,"6. (a) Social transformation programs such as \"beti bachao and beti padhao\" believes in using advice, counseling, and persuasion but sometimes a little force is also necessary for getting the desired response. Do you think it is a good idea to mix little force with persuasion by public administrators while implementing social schemes of transformation? Explain with relevant examples.","10","150"],[29,"6. (b) Ultimately foreign policy of every country hinges upon the strength which the nation possesses. Strength may be military or financial and may be also...moral.\" Do you think ethical strength without military or financial muscle will be respected in today's world? Explain your position.","10","150"],[31,"7 You are a young officer working with the Municipal Corporation of an industrial city. The city was known for manufacturing ball bearings and auto parts. Most manufacturing units were small-scale units with very little production process automation. The units relied on manual labor, which was in abundance due to the villages close by.\nAs the number of manufacturing units grew, the demand for labor increased, bringing in a steady inflow of laborers into the city. This influx of people into the town led to a mushrooming of slums and encroachments on the sidewalks. Once in a while, the Corporation conducted drives to clear out the slums, but after a time, the slums came back. The illegal slums had become an urban nightmare.\nYou were given the responsibility of clearing out the encroachments and slums with the help of Police authorities. As you started the drive, you realized that the people living by the sidewalks were vulnerable compared to the slum dwellers. Many sidewalk dwellers had recently come to the city after selling their properties in their villages. Now if you drive them out, they have no place to go. Your heart went out to them, and you felt that your departmental action was inhumane, but your official responsibilities demanded stern impartial action. You are desperate to find a way to help the sidewalk dwellers without compromising your official duties.\n(a) What value conflicts do you notice in the above situation?\n(b) Can an administrator compromise the value of impartiality for empathy? Discuss.\n(c) What are the options available in the above situation?\n(d) Suggest viable solutions for tackling illegal slums and encroachments in urban areas.","20","250"],[36,"A certain State government was running a welfare scheme for promoting safe motherhood among rural landless laborers' families. The scheme involves the transfer of funds to the beneficiaries to enable them to mitigate income loss due to maternal care responsibilities. Since its implementation, the scheme has done reasonably well on maternal health and economic indicators.\nYou are the Director of the Department responsible for implementing and operating the scheme. Recently you have been receiving reports of welfare fraud being committed by families by producing fake bona fide. The families committed the fraud with the help of local officials responsible for scrutinizing the bonafide.\nYou were concerned because the fraud was seriously undermining the scheme's efficiency. You called for a departmental meeting to discuss and find a solution to the problem. In the meeting, it was decided to merge several available government data sets such as Aadhar cards, voter ID cards, marriage certificates, birth certificates, bank details, and other personal assets. By merging all the data sets, the department would be able to develop the beneficiary's economic profile. And this will help the department scrutinize the documents and detect fraud. This was a comprehensive strategy, but it risked violating an individual's data privacy. As a Department head, you wanted to detect and prevent fraud, but at the same time, you were apprehensive about violating the Data privacy of the stakeholders.\n(a) What are the issues involved in the above case?\n(b) Do you think violating data privacy is justified to prevent welfare fraud? Why/ Why not?\n(c) What, according to you, can be the reasons for such welfare frauds happening in the country?\n(d) Are there any ways and means to prevent such fraud? Give your suggestions.","20","Answer in 250"],[41,"9 You are posted in the Department of Mines, and one of your roles is to help your Department Head negotiate mining leases with private contractors. Recently, the state government demarcated a new mining zone and planned to invite bids for the mining blocs. You were instructed to oversee the bidding process and speed up the contract negotiations. As planned, the tenders were released, bids came in, and tenders were allocated as per the norms. All this happened at a breakneck speed. You wondered, why the hurry? But it was not your place to think and question; you quietly went about your work. As the contractors were about to start operations, you had to instruct them on environmental concerns to watch out for. And to do that, you read the environmental impact assessment report submitted by a consulting firm hired by the department. To your surprise, the report was shoddy and looked cooked up. You got suspicious and raised the issue with your Head, who politely instructed you to do what you were told, and he reminded you that the Department had revenue targets and was under pressure from the Ministry. After the meeting, you, on your own accord, did some digging and found out that the report was fraudulent and the mining activity that was about to start would lead to a massive environmental disaster which the State could not afford.\n(a) What are the issues and value violations you notice in the above case?\n(b) What are the options available to you?\n(c) Discuss the advantage and disadvantages of each option and identify your chosen course of action.\n(d) Do you think that environmental considerations are sometimes overrated at the cost of development?","20","Answer in 250"],[46,"10 (a) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\n(b) Do you think that corporate businesses like GAMA should think about international ethics while promoting their business interests? If yes, why? If no, why not?\n(c) Do you think that the social responsibility of a corporate extends beyond its immediate community to the international community? If yes, why? If no, why not?\n(d) Do you think that sensitive technology selling defense companies should be regularly regulated by their respective governments? Or can regulation reduce their entrepreneurship and innovation energy? Discuss.\na What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\nb Do you think that corporate businesses like GAMA should think about international ethics while promoting their business interests? If yes, why? If no, why not?\nc Do you think that the social responsibility of a corporate extends beyond its immediate community to the international community? If yes, why? If no, why not?\nd Do you think that sensitive technology selling defense companies should be regularly regulated by their respective governments? Or can regulation reduce their entrepreneurship and innovation energy? Discuss.","20","250"],[47,"(b), (c), (d) (b) Do you think corporate businesses such as GAMA must consider international ethics while pursuing business interests? Why/why not?\n(c) Do you think a corporate's social responsibility extends beyond one's immediate community to the international community? Why/Why not?\n(d) Do you think the Defence sector companies marketing sensitive technologies must be regulated by their respective governments, or regulation may curtail their entrepreneurial and innovation energy? Discuss.","20","Answer in 250"],[51,"11 Mr. Sharma was the All India Sales Head of a pharmaceutical company with a turnover of 400 crores. The company's main markets were small towns and tier 2 cities. Further, the company did a sizeable amount of business with state government hospitals and health centers.\n\nMr. Sharma had given a lot of freedom to field sales agents to strike deals and negotiate prices with clients. This strategy worked well for the company.\n\nRecently Mr. Sharma received word that three company employees were selling products to government hospitals and health centers at a higher price than they were selling to other private hospitals and health centers. The employees were with the company for over five years and were good performers. A few sales staff informally raised the issue of the three getting relatively higher commissions because of their inflated deals. And this was creating a sense of unease among the sales staff. A cursory review of the account of the three showed that, in many instances, the government hospitals were paying more than other private institutions.\n\nUnder procurement rules, the government is supposed to pay a fair price, one that other cost-conscious customers pay. On inquiry, Mr. Sharma found that the three were not alone; government purchase\n\n(a) इस मामले में कौन-से नैतिक और व्यावसायिक मुद्दे शामिल हैं?\n(b) श्री शर्मा और सीईओ के पास कौन-कौन से विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\n(c) क्या आपको लगता है कि बिक्री कार्यालय को स्वतंत्रता देने की संगठात्मक संस्कृति के कारण समस्या उत्पन्न हुई या व्यक्ति की भ्रष्ट प्रवृत्ति के कारण समस्या उत्पन्न हुई? चर्चा कीजिए।\n(d) जैसा कि इस मामले में बताया गया है, ऐसे अनैतिक व्यवहार को रोकने के लिए कंपनी कौन-से नैतिक तंत्र और उपाय निर्माण और कार्यान्वित कर सकती है? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)\na) इस मामले में कौन-से नैतिक और व्यावसायिक मुद्दे शामिल हैं?\nb) श्री शर्मा और सीईओ के पास कौन-कौन से विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\nc) क्या आपको लगता है कि बिक्री कार्यालय को स्वतंत्रता देने की संगठात्मक संस्कृति के कारण समस्या उत्पन्न हुई या व्यक्ति की भ्रष्ट प्रवृत्ति के कारण समस्या उत्पन्न हुई? चर्चा कीजिए।\nd) जैसा कि इस मामले में बताया गया है, ऐसे अनैतिक व्यवहार को रोकने के लिए कंपनी कौन-से नैतिक तंत्र और उपाय निर्माण और कार्यान्वित कर सकती है? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","20 अंक","250"],[52,"(a) What are the ethical and business issues involved in the case?\n(b) What are the options available to Mr. Sharma and the CEO?\n(c) Do you think the organizational culture of giving freedom to the sales force led to the issue or was the individual's corrupt nature that led to the problem? Discuss.\n(d) What ethics mechanisms and steps can the company create and implement to prevent unethical behavior, as mentioned in the case? (Answer in 250 words) 20 marks\na) What are the ethical and business issues involved in the case?\nb) What are the options available to Mr. Sharma and the CEO?\nc) Do you think the organizational culture of giving freedom to the sales force led to the issue or was the individual's corrupt nature that led to the problem? Discuss.\nd) What ethics mechanisms and steps can the company create and implement to prevent unethical behavior, as mentioned in the case?","20","Answer in 250"],[56,"(a) उपरोक्त मामले में कौन-कौन से मुद्दे शामिल हैं?\n(b) आपको क्या लगता है रश्मि को क्या करना चाहिए? क्या रश्मि के लिए स्थानीय प्रशासन को शामिल करना अच्छा विचार होगा? कार्यान्वयन योग्य कार्यवाही का सुझाव दीजिए।\n(c) क्या आपको लगता है कि कंपनियों को उस क्षेत्र की सामाजिक समस्याओं के लिए भी जिम्मेदारी स्वीकार करनी चाहिए जहाँ वे अपना कार्य करती हैं? अगर हाँ तो क्यों, अगर नहीं तो क्यों नहीं?\n(d) श्रमिक संघ की इतनी आक्रामक प्रतिक्रिया के क्या कारण हो सकते हैं? आपके अनुसार रश्मि को कर्मचारी संघ को कैसे संभालना चाहिए? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए) 20 अंक","20 अंक","250 शब्दों में"],[57,"(a) What are the issues involved in the above case?  (b) What do you think Rashmi should do? Would it be a good idea for Rashmi to involve local administration? Suggest an implementable course of action.  (c) Do you think companies should also accept responsibility for the social problems of the region where they operate? Why/why not?  (d) What could be the reasons for such an aggressive reaction from the workers union? How do you think Rashmi should handle the workers union?\na) What are the issues involved in the above case?\nb) What do you think Rashmi should do? Would it be a good idea for Rashmi to involve local administration? Suggest an implementable course of action.\nc) Do you think companies should also accept responsibility for the social problems of the region where they operate? Why/why not?\nd) What could be the reasons for such an aggressive reaction from the workers union? How do you think Rashmi should handle the workers union?","20","Answer in 250"]]},{"i":895,"t":"Vishwajeet Gupta","c":"Vision","p":"Essay","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/76bb3-1317840_3128_vishwajeet_gupta_rank_67.pdf","q":[[5,"Write two essays, choosing one topic from each of the Sections A and B, in about 1000-1200 words each :\n1. The world must learn to work together, or finally it will not work at all.\n2. Technology, like art, is a soaring exercise of the human imagination.\n3. We've begun to raise daughters more like sons, but few have the courage to raise our sons more like our daughters.\n4. The will of the people cannot make just that which is unjust.\n5. It is the mark of an educated mind to be able to entertain a thought without accepting it.\n6. To be yourself in a world that is constantly trying to make you something else is the greatest accomplishment.\n7. We don't see things as they are, we see them as we are.\n8. A lie can travel half way around the world while the truth is putting on its shoes.","125 x 2 = 250","1000-1200 words each"],[6,"1. The world must learn to work together, or finally it will not work at all.\n2. Technology, like art, is a soaring exercise of the human imagination.\n3. We've begun to raise daughters more like sons, but few have the courage to raise our sons more like our daughters.\n4. The will of the people cannot make just that which is unjust.","",""],[18,"6. To be yourself in a world that is constantly trying to make you something else is the greatest accomplishment.","",""]]},{"i":898,"t":"Vishwajeet Gupta","c":"Vision","p":"GS1","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/a17d4-1317840_4510_vishwajeet_gupta_rank_67.pdf","q":[[6,"1. Folk music serves as a repository of the cultural identity. Discuss the role of folk music in preserving cultural heritage and promoting social cohesion.","10","150"],[8,"2. How does the Vesara style of temple architecture represent a synthesis of the Nagara and Dravida styles? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[10,"3. Discuss the role played by Indians living abroad in advancing the cause of India's freedom struggle. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[12,"4. How did the Marshall Plan influence the economic recovery and political stability of post-war Europe? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[14,"5. Discuss the factors responsible for increased cyclonic activity in the Arabian Sea. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"6. How can technological interventions help in transforming the textile sector in India? What are the initiatives that the government has taken in this regard?","10","Answer in 150"],[18,"7. What is a seiche and how does it form? Discuss the geographical conditions under which seiches are most likely to occur. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[20,"8. How has rapid urbanisation affected the socio-cultural landscape of peri-urban regions in India? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[22,"9. Examine the role of historical and socio-political factors in driving communalism in Indian politics. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[24,"10. Globalization has significantly influenced the aspirations, lifestyle, and value systems of Indian youth. Discuss with suitable examples.","10","Answer in 150"],[26,"11. Examine how Chandragupta-II's reign symbolised a golden age of cultural development, laying the foundation for future advancements in Indian art and literature.","15","Answer in 250"],[29,"12. Evaluate the intended and unintended consequences of British educational policies for the Indian society in the colonial period.","15","Answer in 250"],[32,"13. India's territorial disputes after independence were not merely about borders, but also encompass issues of national identity, historical grievances, and geopolitical strategies. Discuss.","15","250"],[35,"14. Discuss the geographical conditions responsible for the development of shola forests in the upper reaches of the Western Ghats. Highlight their ecological significance.","15","Answer in 250"],[38,"15. Discuss the potential of natural hydrogen as a fuel to meet growing global energy demands? Why is it still an untapped industry?","15","250"],[41,"16 Why is there a shift of labour-intensive industries from China to South and Southeast Asia? Discuss the advantages and challenges for India in this context.","15","250"],[44,"17. Explain the socio-economic transformations resulting from women's migration to metropolitan areas in India.","15","250"],[47,"18 The institution of marriage in India is increasingly becoming a site of conspicuous consumption and commodification. Critically examine the impact of this commercialisation on social equity and gender relations.","15","250"],[50,"19. Analyse how recognizing, reducing, and redistributing care work can foster gender equality and promote inclusive development in India. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[53,"20. Discuss the changing nature of family structures in urban India. How is it impacting elderly care and socialization of the youth? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[55,"1. Impact on socialization of the youth:","",""]]},{"i":894,"t":"Vishwajeet Gupta","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2025,"r":67,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/VISHWAJEET-GUPTAUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-67-Sample-MGP-Copy-2.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) Basic structure doctrine has prevented the Parliament, a creature of the constitution, from becoming the master of the constitution. Discuss this statement with the help of relevant case laws.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) To what extent, in your opinion, Self-Help Groups (SHGs) in India have enabled women led development at the grassroot level?","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) The power of pressure groups lies not in their size or elaborate organization, but in their ability to mobilize public opinion and create lasting change. With help of relevant examples, discuss how informal pressure groups shape public policy.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) \"Bail not Jail\" is the cardinal principle that upholds the sacrosanct ideas of individual's liberty and dignity. Explain the statement with the help of various judicial pronouncements.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5 Dispute redressal is the most important component of cooperative federalism. How does the Interstate Council facilitate the resolution of disputes related to states in India, and what are the challenges associated with this process?","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) Anti-defection law has failed to address and resolve the evil of political defection satisfactorily. Discuss various issues surrounding the Anti-defection law and recommend some corrective measures.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) Decriminalization of homosexuality by the SC in Navtej Singh Jauhar case remains a task half done, specially without the socio-political sensitisation about the issues faced by LGBTQIA+ community. Elaborate in light of ongoing debates on same sex marriage.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) Asses the relevance of lateral entry in civil services in making the governance structure more effective, efficient, and people oriented.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9) Built upon common democratic values and shared vision of strategic autonomy, India-France bilateral ties exude a promise of stability, growth, and security in a time of geo-political flux and uncertainty. Do you agree? Substantiate your answer.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10 As an important attribute of soft power, \"Knowledge diplomacy\" has the potential to further various objectives of foreign policy. Explain.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11) Referring to the case laws through which the collegium system in India evolved, critically assess its functioning.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12 Considering the non-enforceable nature of fundamental duties and directive principles of state policy, critically examine their impact in socio-political norms.","15","250"],[28,"3) National Symbols and Song are respected and promoted. Is SC judgement on playing National anthem in theaters?","",""],[29,"Q.13) Despite its vital role for the smooth functioning of the body politic, constitutional punctuality remains conspicuous by its absence. Discuss.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 Frequent reliance on the ordinance making power by the government, not only dilutes the basic tenets of executive accountability in a parliamentary democracy, but also overlooks the democratic traditions of building consensus. Discuss with relevant examples.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 The critical reason for poor public health indicators in India goes beyond recognition of right to health as fundamental right. Do you think that a statutory framework alone can ameliorate the situation?","15","250"],[38,"Q.16 Reforming the education infrastructure through digital interventions is a progressive step, but it has its limitations too. Comment.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 Electoral bond was brought in as a reform that was high on intent but has proved to be low on substance. Do you agree? Justify.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18) The profound impact of the data revolution and widespread smartphone usage has necessitated the use of digital tools in welfare programmes. Discuss.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 Presidency of G20 is but a reflection of India's quest for a more just and polycentric world order, where the voice of the global south is mainstreamed not muzzled. Elucidate.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 The new cold war between the USA and China may have the effect of casting a long shadow on India's strategic interests from Pacific to Atlantic. Evaluate.","15","250"],[54,"When must you seek mentorship?","",""]]},{"i":899,"t":"Vishwajeet Gupta","c":"Vision","p":"GS3","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/5e6f8-1317840_4512_vishwajeet_gupta_rank_67.pdf","q":[[6,"1. Analyse the factors that have contributed to India's inclusive economic growth in the past decade.","10","150"],[8,"2. The Reserve Bank of India's surplus transfers offer the government much-needed fiscal space, yet they are not without challenges. Critically examine the implications of the RBI's surplus transfers to the government.","10","150"],[10,"3. To what extent was the first National Monetization Pipeline (NMP) able to meet its objectives? What are the objectives of the new Asset Monetization Plan 2025-30 as announced in the recent 2025 Budget? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[12,"4. Examine the major challenges hindering the Indian textile industry from achieving its full potential in the global value chain.","10","150"],[14,"5. Why has India become increasingly import-dependent for edible oils despite being a major agricultural economy? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"6. Air accidents are low-frequency but high-impact events. Examine the disaster management protocols in place for aviation-related emergencies in India.","10","150"],[18,"7. Chemical pollution poses a grave threat to human health and the environment in India. Discuss the key sources contributing to pervasive chemical contamination and evaluate the effectiveness of existing environmental laws in curbing this problem.","10","150"],[20,"8. Missile defence systems are becoming critical for national security in the face of evolving regional threats and advanced weapon technologies. Explain the working principle of missile defence systems. Critically assess India's progress in developing indigenous missile defence capabilities.","10","150"],[22,"9. Despite multiple resolutions and initiatives undertaken by the United Nations Security Council (UNSC), its efforts to counter terrorism have achieved limited success. Discuss the reasons for this limited effectiveness. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[24,"10. India practices a ‘multi-alignment’ approach in its cyber diplomacy. How does this posture strengthen India’s internal security while maintaining strategic autonomy? (Answer in 150 words)","","150"],[26,"11. While examining the shortcomings of the land reforms in the past, elaborate what land reforms 2.0 should look like.","15","250"],[29,"12. As NITI Aayog completes 10 years of its establishment, critically examine its role in the planning and development paradigm of governance in India. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[32,"13. What are the primary causes of limited formal credit penetration among the rural and unbanked populations in India? Comment on the effectiveness of Small Finance Banks in addressing this gap and advancing inclusive financial growth.","","250"],[35,"14. To what extent has the Production Linked Incentive Scheme for the food processing industry facilitated value addition, employment generation, and global competitiveness in India's food processing industry? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[38,"15. Waste circularity is emerging as a sustainable solution to India's mounting solid waste crisis. Discuss the key principles of waste circularity and the government's initiative in this regard. How effective have these measures been in fostering a circular economy? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[41,"16. Discuss the importance of integrating traditional ecological knowledge of India's tribal communities with modern disaster management frameworks. Mention two examples where indigenous practices have contributed to disaster resilience.","15","250"],[44,"17. CRISPR technology has rapidly advanced in recent years, with new tools and clinical breakthroughs. Highlight the recent developments in CRISPR-based gene editing technology applications. Discuss the opportunities and ethical challenges these advancements present for healthcare and society.","15","250"],[47,"18. A credible semiconductor ecosystem is pivotal for India's economic security as much as for national security. Analyse the strategic objectives, incentives, and institutional architecture of the India Semiconductor Mission (ISM). Identify the major risks that could derail its timelines.","15","250"],[50,"19. Intricate inter-play of diverse factors has been the force multipliers for extremism in the North East. Discuss. Suggest a multilayered strategy to tackle the menace of extremism in this region.","15","250"],[53,"0. Despite recent steps towards inducting women into combat roles, their participation remains low. Examine the key challenges impeding the greater inclusion of women in the Indian armed forces. Also, suggest suitable measures to enhance their participation.","15","250"]]},{"i":893,"t":"Vishwajeet Gupta","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":2025,"r":67,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/VISHWAJEET-GUPTAUPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-67-Sample-MGP-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) While knowledge and skills are crucial, they should be accompanied by a strong foundation of ethics. In this context, discuss the importance of ethics in education and the role of educational institutions in imparting ethical values.","10","150"],[5,"b) Mahatma Gandhi considered ahimsa is the highest duty. He express that even if we cannot practice it in full, we must try to understand its spirit and refrain as far as is humanly possible from violence. Do you think, this articulated profoundness of Ahimsa is still relevant? Justify your answer.","10","150"],[7,"Q.2) a) The debate of ends versus means is a never ending one. While teleologists stress the need for the right ends, deontologists argue that the ends, no matter how valuable, cannot justify the means. What are the pitfalls in justifying right ends over right means? Also analyze the implications of always adhering to the right means.","10","150"],[9,"b) How does Emotional Intelligence (EI) help in balancing personal as well as professional life? Discuss with examples.","10","150"],[11,"Q.3) What does each of the following quotations mean to you?\na) \"Experience is the only teacher we have. We may talk and reason all our lives, but we shall not understand a word of truth, until we experience it ourselves\" - Swami Vivekananda","10","150"],[13,"b) \"Individuals should cultivate noble traits so that socio-political organizations are free from highly despicable men.\" - Thirukkural","10","150"],[15,"c) \"Happiness is a mysterious thing, to be found somewhere between too little and too much.\" - Ruskin Bond","10","150"],[17,"Q.4) a) I would rather try to persuade a man to go along, because once I have persuaded him, he will stick. If I scare him, he will stay just as long as he is scared, and then he is gone. Persuasion can often achieve what coercion cannot. In this context, evaluate the significance of persuasion for heralding social transformations.","10","150"],[19,"b) Examine the relevance of following in the context of civil services:\ni. Neutrality\nii. Intellectual Courage\niii. Diligence\niv. Selflessness","10","150"],[21,"Q.5) a) Why is leadership is considered a foundational value for civil services and a fundamental attribute to be a civil servant?","10","150"],[23,"b) There are certain standards that society expects from those who are elected or appointed to public office to observe and maintain in the conduct of the public affairs to which they have been entrusted. Those in positions of power can use these positions to take decisions that are solely in the public interest or they can use them to benefit themselves. Where the roots of private virtue are diseased, the fruit of public probity cannot but be corrupt. What do you understand by probity and discuss how probity in public life can be inculcated?","10","150"],[25,"Q.6) a) Ethical quandary lies in exploring the complex interplay between absoluteness and relativity in ethical considerations. Can ethical principles be regarded as universally absolute, or does the notion of relativity, often associated with physics, also apply to ethics? Share your perspective and provide supporting arguments.","10","150"],[27,"b) Since its enactment, Right to Information (RTI) Act has helped in improving the levels of transparency and accountability in public institutions. However, many argue that the quality of public service delivery in India is still far from satisfactory. In this background, do you find RTI Act efficient enough to improve the public service delivery for Indian citizens. Critically discuss the need for a Right to Public Service Act (RSPA) to make Indian governance more ethical and efficient.","10","150"],[29,"Q.7) Suman is a young IPS officer who is posted as the SP law and order in a district that has a history of communal clashes. During a cultural event, a political leader made certain controversial comments regarding the religion of another community that can potentially harm communal harmony in the district. The representatives of the aggrieved community met Suman with their complaint. An FIR was registered in the matter and the police department promptly started an investigation. During questioning, the accused political leader denied the charges. He claimed that he was exercising his right to freedom of expression and had no intention of hurting anyone's feelings. He even offered to tender an apology if his statement had hurt someone's religious feelings. However, the aggrieved community was not satisfied with this apology and demanded strict action against the accused. The next day, a video went viral on social media in which the accused political leader can be seen making derogatory statements against another religious faith. However, Suman suspects that the video going viral on the internet is a doctored video and someone has mischievously edited it to make it more vitriolic and inflammatory. The video has ignited communal tensions in the district. The accused political leader belongs to an influential community and his community has put their support behind him. Local intelligence has warned that some anti-social elements are trying to use this opportunity to create communal riot in the district. The entire matter has been politicized and is being covered by the national media. In this situation answer the following:\na) What differentiates a hate speech from a free speech?\nb) Why does social media have a very strong influence over the actions and thoughts of its users?\nc) What is the most suitable course of action for Suman in this situation? Justify.","20","250"],[34,"Q.8) Bior is a luxury fashion brand/clothing line, known for its ultra-high exclusivity. The luxury fashion products of Bior are widely endorsed by top celebrities, socialites, business magnates, and politicians. Bior design its products and outsource the manufacturing work to its vendors, located in different parts of the world. ABC textiles, one of its vendors, located in India, was chosen for the latest product of Bior, a black color golf T-shirt. It was made targeting the upper class of East European countries including Russia. However, due to an armed conflict between two countries in the region, and deteriorating security situation, the company was forced to close all its outlets in the East European countries. This led to the problem of adjusting/disposing of the factory inventories of 10,000 units of T-shirts prepared by the ABC textiles for Bior. Normally, any company would have redirected its products to any other suitable region and clientele. However, high-end luxury brands like Bior don't follow such practice in order to maintain exclusivity of its products. Therefore, the company directed Kamal, the owner of ABC textiles, to burn the excess products, assuring Kamal that Bior will pay ABC textiles the entire cost of the consignment in full. Kamal was relatively new to the fashion industry. The decision of the company came as a shock to him. Kamal knew that the combined value of the products that he was asked to burn was in multiple crores. Also, many people in the company including Kamal, had worked very hard for the launch of these golf T-shirts for the last few years. He discussed the company's order with his business associates and friends. To his surprise, Kamal was told that this was a common practice among all the high-end luxury brands. In order to maintain the exclusivity of the products, the surplus product is burned. This ensures that the rarity of the product is maintained and the associated glitz and glamour of the product is not diluted. The company reasons that if the surplus product is used by the common working-class people, then it may hurt the brand value of the product. Kamal, himself born and brought up in a middle-class family, was not convinced and found this reasoning abhorrent and vulgar. Kamal has witnessed poverty in India first hand. He personally knew of many cases where the families did not have decent clothes to wear, least of all the likes of quality clothes that he was asked to burn. As the owner of a manufacturing unit, he knew the financial condition of his workers, and the limited resources within which they were forced to live their lives. Contrasting these hard realities with the company's decision of burning products worth crores of rupees, disgusted Kamal and made him ponder over the vulgar display of wealth and power.\na) What are the ethical issues in the above case study?\nb) Imagine yourself in the shoes of Kamal. What course of action will you adopt in the above situation?","20","20"],[35,"a) उपरोक्त केस अध्ययन में नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं?\nb) अपने आप को कमल के स्थान पर कल्पना कीजिए। उपरोक्त स्थिति में आप क्या कार्यवाही अपनाएंगे?\na) उपरोक्त केस अध्ययन में नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं?\nb) अपने आप को कमल के स्थान पर कल्पना कीजिए। उपरोक्त स्थिति में आप क्या कार्यवाही अपनाएंगे?","20 अंक","250 शब्द"],[40,"Q.9 Satish is a climate conscious and responsible citizen. Satish left his well-paying job as a senior manager in a multinational company and started a small firm that manufactures eco-friendly products. The motto of his company is \"zero wastage and green for welfare\". His firm makes bio-degradable polymer which can be used as an alternative to plastic bags, bottles, plates etc. Satish thinks that this will promote a healthier environment and will have a positive impact on people's health. It will also help address the problem of climate change by reducing one's carbon footprint. For this to be achieved, he believes that not just products, but the process too should be less polluting. This is why, he invested heavily in non-polluting machinery. These machines are certified as \"green machines\". In fact, some of them were even imported from other countries. All of this has gained him a good reputation in the eyes of critics and environmentalists. But as the technology used in manufacturing these products is new, imported and expensive, the products made by Satish's firm is costlier than conventional plastic products. Satish has proved that his product is environmentally benign, but he was unable to scale up production because of he ran out of funds. Satish knows that if he could start manufacturing the polymer at a large scale and leverage economies of scale his product would become more price competitive to conventional plastics. Satish used last of his funds to publicize his product. Satish thought that with this publicity, raising funds from the market would be easy. Satish reached out to many investors, and they showed great interest in Satish's product. But none of them were willing to invest money in this product. They feared that this new product, being much expensive, would not be able to compete with the conventional plastic products. Satish's firm is also losing his existing customer who complain about very high cost of his products. Both Satish's prospective investors and past customers know that this technology is less polluting and environmentally benign and has a positive attitude towards it. But consumer concern and attitude about the environment does not readily translate into the purchase of environmentally friendly products. Academic research has also identified this gap between purchase intentions and behaviors. Satish knows that if he changes the production procedure, things can look better for the company on the financial front, but that can take away his reputation and will also be against his own beliefs. The only possible hope is to expand his consumer base, sell his products at full capacity and convince investors to invest in his eco-friendly venture to keep his green industry running. Consider yourself in Satish's position and answer the following questions:\na) How will you induce behavioral change to nudge people to move towards eco-friendly products?\nb) What factors will you have to consider while inspiring such a change?","20","20"],[41,"a) आप लोगों को पर्यावरण-अनुकूल उत्पादों की ओर प्रेरित करने के लिए व्यवहार परिवर्तन को कैसे प्रेरित करेंगे?\nb) इस तरह के बदलाव के लिए प्रेरित करते समय आपको किन कारकों पर विचार करना होगा?\na) आप लोगों को पर्यावरण-अनुकूल उत्पादों की ओर प्रेरित करने के लिए व्यवहार परिवर्तन को कैसे प्रेरित करेंगे?\nb) इस तरह के बदलाव के लिए प्रेरित करते समय आपको किन कारकों पर विचार करना होगा?","20 अंक","250 शब्द"],[46,"Q.10) You have recently started working at your dream company. You have hired in the strategies department along with two other new joiners. All of you have just graduated out of college. You have very friendly relations with co-joiners. The three of you have been helping each other at work. The experience of working together has built strong camaraderie between the three of you. Your boss has publicly appreciated the strong team-spirit displayed by you and your colleagues.\nAt the annual review, you have been given a higher pay raise, and a more lucrative job profile. The promotion doesn't come as a surprise to you. You have worked beyond office hours more as a rule rather than as an exception. The project you worked at was adjudged 'the best project of the year in business impact' at the annual corporate awards. One of your co-joiners remarks, in presumably good humor, that you should suggest to your boss to allocate similar high impact projects to your friends as well. You also perceive suggestions towards the shared surname being the reason for special affinity of your boss towards you, indicating at the fact that your boss and you have the same caste. You feel hurt but you also try to think about the remarks with an open mind. You assess that the three of you have indeed worked hard with sincerity. One of your friends, in fact, worked very efficiently despite a personal tragedy at home. There was already a salary differential between you and your colleagues based on the pedigree of your college. The higher pay raise to you has expanded the differential pay structure further. You always considered the initial pay differential to be against the principle of equal pay for equal work. But now you feel your friends may not have been given equal opportunities as well. You are inclined to the belief that efforts and talent of your colleagues have been under-appreciated and you start feeling guilty about your promotion.\nBased on the given information, discuss the options that are available to you for addressing the guilt. What are the merits and demerits of those choices? Which option would you choose? Justify.","20","250"],[47,"दी गई जानकारी के आधार पर, उन विकल्पों पर चर्चा कीजिए जो अपराध को संबोधित करने के लिए आपके पास उपलब्ध हैं। उन विकल्पों के गुण और दोष क्या हैं? आप कौन सा विकल्प चुनेंगे? औचित्य सिद्ध कीजिए।","20 अंक","250 शब्द"],[48,"2 To discuss the issue with superior and suggest reforms in promotion & job profile allocation","",""],[51,"Q.11 Madan Kumar is a government bus conductor working with the Utkarsh Pradesh Transport Corporation. Madan, an honest employee, has completed 35 years of service and is due for retirement next year. Madan is due to receive a decent sum of money as retirement benefits, from which he hope to get his daughter Chetna, married. However, Madan's wife pesters him to earn more money in one way or the other. Madan likes his job, and all the passengers in his route vouch for his good nature and helpful behaviour.\nOne day, Sudesh, Madan's boss, called Madan in his cabin. He told Madan that a complaint has been filed against him by a person for illegally taking the ticket money from him without issuing the receipt for the ticket. Sudesh explained to Madan that this act amounted to misappropriation of government money. Sudesh was visibly disappointed and surprised as he hold Madan in high regards due to his sincerity towards the job. He asked Madan as to why he indulged in such an act? Madan, visibly disturbed, told Sudesh that as the conductor of a government bus he receives a meagre salary, grossly insufficient to meet the needs of his family. He told him that his younger daughter, Suman, suffers from chronic kidney ailment, and requires dialysis twice a week. A huge chunk of his paltry salary goes towards the cost of Suman's treatment. Moreover, as a single bread-winner of the family, he has to cater to the needs of his elderly parents. Madan further tells Sudesh that since last one year a substantial portion of his income goes towards repaying the loan that he took for his elder daughter's college education. Madan laments that even after working for 35 long years, he is unable to provide for his family beyond the bare basic necessities. He tells Sudesh that he is aware of many incidents of large-scale corruption in the road transport department that go virtually unnoticed. Further, Madan tries to justify his act of taking money by pointing that almost every colleague of his, indulges in such practices. In comparison to them, what he took, just sixty rupees, is ignorable and paltry. Further, he brought to light the fact that at times they, the conductors, were expected to give their immediate superiors a bribe in the name of convenience fees for various official tasks.\nAfter listening to Madan, Sudesh feels compassion for him. He decides to verify the veracity of Madan's claim with regard to the dire straits of his financial conditions. On enquiry, Sudesh found that Madan was indeed going through tough times, both emotionally and economically. Moreover, the office employees requested Sudesh to take a lenient view of Madan's case. They were of the view that if a strong action is taken over such a trivial incident, then it would be highly unjust and unfair towards Madan. On reaching his home, Sudesh shared the whole occurrence and Madan's story with his wife. To his surprise, his wife too agreed with the employees of the office. She told him that such small incidents are a routine matter. Also, with rising inflation and increasing obligations, this is the only way for people like Madan to make their ends meet. She asks Sudesh to not waste his time and energy over such a trivial matter.\nSudesh knows Madan as a hard-working individual who has many mouths to feed at home. Sudesh has genuine sympathy towards him, however, he also understands that embezzlement of government money, irrespective of amount and circumstances, is wrong. Now he is in a state of dilemma over his course of action.\na) Why are the incidents of petty corruption trivialized? According to you, is it justifiable to ignore small incidents of corruption?\nb) What are various ethical dilemmas in the above case study?\nc) Discuss the merits and demerits of various options available to Sudesh. Also, what, according to you, will be the ideal course of action and why?","20","250"],[52,"a) छोटे-छोटे भ्रष्टाचार की घटनाओं को महत्वहीन क्यों बना दिया जाता है? आपके अनुसार, छोटी-छोटी घटनाओं को नजरअंदाज करना उचित है?\nb) उपरोक्‍त मामले के अध्ययन में विभिन्न नैतिक दुविधाएँ क्या हैं?\nc) सुदेश के लिए उपलब्ध विभिन्न विकल्पों के गुण और दोषों पर चर्चा कीजिए। इसके अलावा, आपके अनुसार, कार्रवाई का आदर्श तरीका क्या होगा और क्यों?","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[57,"Q.12 Harish is a senior officer in a government think tank. He is responsible for analysing the demands for funds from various ministries and state governments, and making recommendations to the government for prioritising the budget expenditure. Harish's department is currently busy in analysing the demands for funds from five different ministries. The first demand is from the Ministry of Defence for 500 crore rupees. The Ministry of Defence has solicited funds for the acquisition of state-of-the-art night vision goggles and assault weapons for the armed force personnel posted in terrorism infested areas of Jammu and Kashmir. The second demand is from the Ministry of Heavy Industries. The Ministry of Heavy Industries has demanded 300 crore rupees for the purchase of electric scooters. Distribution of electric scooters was one of the election promises of the incumbent union government in order to reduce pollution levels in the country. Further, as two states are set to go to poll next year, there is an additional pressure from a senior cabinet minister to prioritise this demand. The third demand is for 200 crore rupees from the Ministry of Road Transport. The Ministry of Road Transport has proposed to build robust road connectivity in left wing affected (LWE) areas and also in the hilly states. It is reasoned that while road connectivity will have a multiplier impact on the economy, it will also ease the movement of troops, improving the overall security situation in LWE areas. The fourth demand is from the Ministry of Health for 200 crore rupees. The Ministry of Health has targeted to increase the insurance penetration in the country. It is argued that increased insurance penetration will boost public health and reduce out-of-pocket expenditure. The fifth demand is for 300 crore rupees from the Ministry of Women and Child Development. The MoWCD aims to expand its nutrition programme in the country to effectively tackle the high levels of stunting and wasting in the children. While each of the government schemes is important, related to national security, economic development and public welfare; the fiscal space available with the exchequer is limited. Harish has an elbow space to accommodate schemes worth 1000 crore rupees. Now, it is incumbent upon Harish to allocate the available money in the most prudent fashion.\na) What principles should guide Harish in the allocation of money?\nb) Imagine yourself in the position of Harish. In what order will you prioritise the available funds and why?","20","250"],[58,"a) धन के आवंटन में हरीश को किन सिद्धांतों का मार्गदर्शन करना चाहिए?\nb) हरीश की स्थिति में खुद को कल्पना कीजिए। आप किस क्रम में उपलब्ध निधियों को प्राथमिकता देंगे और क्यों? (20 अंक, 250 शब्द)","20","250"],[63,"When must you seek mentorship?","",""]]},{"i":896,"t":"Vishwajeet Gupta","c":"Visionias","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/dae30-1317840_2931_vishwajeet_gupta_rank_67.pdf","q":[[6,"1. (a) The end cannot justify the means, for the simple and obvious reason that the means employed determine the nature of the ends produced. Discuss with suitable examples.","10","150"],[8,"1. (b) Discuss how the relationship between law and ethics is dynamic and continuously shaped by societal changes. Provide examples to illustrate this dynamic relationship. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[10,"2. (a) Differentiate between probity and integrity with suitable examples. How do these values contribute to ethical governance and decision-making in the civil services? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[12,"2. (b) Discuss the ethical implications of withholding information in public administration. How can transparency enhance accountability and reduce corruption in government institutions? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[14,"3. (a) What do each of the following quotations mean to you?\n(a) \"There is no school equal to a decent home and no teacher equal to a virtuous parent.\" - Mahatma Gandhi (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"3. (b) \"Everyone thinks of changing the world, but no one thinks of changing himself.\" - Leo Tolstoy (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[18,"3. (c) \"To see what is right and not do it is a lack of courage.\" - Confucius (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[20,"4. (a) What factors lead to a positive attitude in a person? How does positive attitude enhance the effectiveness of civil servants in performing their duties?","10","150"],[22,"4. (b) Discuss how emotional intelligence can influence ethical decision-making in the allocation of scarce public resources.","10","150"],[24,"5. (a) Various international humanitarian organizations provide emergency aid in conflict zones around the world. Highlight the ethical challenges faced by such organizations. What are the principles that guide international humanitarian work? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[26,"5. (b) Why is persuasion regarded as an important skill for civil servants? What are the key considerations that should guide persuasion in governance? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[28,"6. (a) What role can ethical leadership play in curbing corruption, especially in public service? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[30,"6. (b) What were the major teachings of Swami Dayanand Saraswati? Explain their relevance in addressing the current ethical and social challenges in India.","10","150"],[33,"(a) Discuss the ethical dilemma Karan faces in deciding whether to report the incident against Mariyam's wishes.\n(b) Evaluate the options available to Karan. Which of these options should he choose and why?\n(c) What responsibilities do organizations like XYZ Corp have in preventing and addressing sexual harassment and creating inclusive workplace environments? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[38,"8 (a) शिक्षा विभाग के आयुक्त के रूप में जय के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं? इनमें से प्रत्येक विकल्प का मूल्यांकन कीजिए।\n(b) जय को कौन-सा विकल्प अपनाना चाहिए और क्यों?\n(c) जय जैसे सिविल सेवकों को अपने दायित्वों के निर्वहन में नैतिक मानकों को बनाए रखने के प्रयास के दौरान बेहतर सुरक्षा कैसे प्रदान की जा सकती है? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)\na) शिक्षा विभाग के आयुक्त के रूप में जय के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं? इनमें से प्रत्येक विकल्प का मूल्यांकन कीजिए।\nb) जय को कौन-सा विकल्प अपनाना चाहिए और क्यों?\nc) जय जैसे सिविल सेवकों को अपने दायित्वों के निर्वहन में नैतिक मानकों को बनाए रखने के प्रयास के दौरान बेहतर सुरक्षा कैसे प्रदान की जा सकती है? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250 शब्दों में"],[39,"(a), (b), (c) (a) What are the options available to Jay as the Commissioner of the Education Department? Evaluate each of these options.\n(b) What option should Jay adopt and why?\n(c) How can civil servants like Jay be better protected when they attempt to uphold ethical standards in their work? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[43,"9 As the District Magistrate of X city, you are responsible for overseeing the construction of a new metro depot in an urban forest area, which is a critical infrastructure project aimed at improving public transportation and reducing traffic congestion and air pollution. The project, however, requires the clearance of a substantial portion of the forest, which has triggered strong opposition from environmental activists, local residents, and NGOs. This forest is widely regarded as essential for the city's ecological balance, often referred to as the city's \"lungs.\" In addition to the environmental concerns, you are under considerable pressure from politicians at the state-level to expedite the project, given the upcoming elections in two years. The political leadership emphasizes the benefits of the metro project for the city's development and its potential to garner electoral support. The project is expected to significantly reduce travel time for thousands of commuters and potentially decrease overall vehicle emissions in the city. However, it would also lead to the loss of thousands of trees and disrupt local ecosystems. As you prepare to make a decision, you are aware that your choice will have far-reaching consequences for both the city's development and its environment.\n(a) Identify the ethical dilemmas involved in the above case.\n(b) Evaluate the options available to you in the above situation. Which of these would you choose and why?\n(c) Suggest some measures that could be implemented to balance urban development needs with environmental conservation in future projects. (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[48,"10 Dr. Mehra is a senior drug developer at a leading pharmaceutical company in India, renowned for producing various medications, including lifesaving drugs critical for treating chronic and rare diseases. Since its inception, the company has emphasized the quality and affordability of its drugs.\n\nRecently, under revised government guidelines, pharmaceutical companies are required to market a finished product only after obtaining \"satisfactory results\" from tests on the ingredients. Additionally, they must retain a sufficient quantity of samples of both intermediate and final products to allow repeated testing or verification of a batch.\n\nDr. Mehra's team is in the final stages of developing a new medication for a rare but life-threatening disease. This drug has shown promising results in clinical trials. However, there have been unresolved concerns about the long-term side effects of the drug, observed in a small percentage of trial subjects. Despite this, the company has not released any major drug in the past decade, leading to significant pressure from the board members to expedite the drug's release.\n(a) Identify the stakeholders in the above case study.\n(b) Discuss the ethical issues faced by Dr. Mehra.\n(c) Analyse the options available to Dr. Mehra in the above case. Which of these would you choose and why? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[53,"11 You have been appointed as the Under Secretary in the State Urban Development Department. The Department has been tasked with a prestigious project aimed at revitalizing the infrastructure of a city with deep historical significance. This project, which you are extremely passionate about, involves modernizing public transportation, restoring heritage buildings, and creating green spaces while preserving the city's cultural essence.\n\nExcited by the opportunity, you spent weeks researching and drafting a comprehensive proposal. Your plan included innovative ideas for sustainable development, community engagement, and leveraging technology for urban planning. You presented these initial plans in a departmental meeting, hoping to inspire your colleagues and kickstart the project.\n\nHowever, your enthusiasm was met with indifference. Your colleagues showed little interest, failing to contribute ideas or efforts towards the project. Concerned, you reported this lack of enthusiasm to your immediate superior, who is also the authority for this project. To your dismay,\n(a) इस प्रकरण में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\n(b) उपयुक्त कार्य संस्कृति कार्यस्थल पर मनोबल और उत्पादकता को किस प्रकार प्रभावित करती है?\n(c) आपके पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं और आप इस स्थिति का समाधान किस प्रकार करेंगे? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250"],[54,"(a) Discuss the ethical issues involved in this case.\n(b) How does the above-mentioned work culture affect workplace morale and productivity?\n(c) What are the options available to you and how would you address the situation? (Answer in 250 words)\na) Discuss the ethical issues involved in this case.\nb) How does the above-mentioned work culture affect workplace morale and productivity?\nc) What are the options available to you and how would you address the situation? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[58,"12 (a) उपर्युक्त प्रकरण के आलोक में, कॉर्पोरेट, राजनीतिक और नौकरशाही के हितों के बीच गठजोड़ से उत्पन्न होने वाले नैतिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\n(b) एक कर्तव्यनिष्ठ सिविल सेवक के रूप में, अरुण के पास उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन कीजिए। उसे कौन-सा विकल्प चुनना चाहिए और क्यों? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)\na) उपर्युक्त प्रकरण के आलोक में, कॉर्पोरेट, राजनीतिक और नौकरशाही के हितों के बीच गठजोड़ से उत्पन्न होने वाले नैतिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\nb) एक कर्तव्यनिष्ठ सिविल सेवक के रूप में, अरुण के पास उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन कीजिए। उसे कौन-सा विकल्प चुनना चाहिए और क्यों? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250 शब्दों में"],[59,"(a) and (b) (a) In light of the above case, discuss the ethical issues that may arise from the nexus between corporate, political, and bureaucratic interests.\n(b) As a conscientious civil servant, evaluate the options available to Arun. Which option should he choose and why?","20","250"]]},{"i":897,"t":"Vishwajeet Gupta","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/61364-1317840_4513_vishwajeet_gupta_rank_67.pdf","q":[[6,"1. (a) Compassion is the courageous choice to feel another's suffering as one's own, and to act upon it, even when silence is safer and indifference is easier. Examine the significance of compassion as an essential ethical value for civil servants in India. Illustrate your answer with suitable examples.","10","150"],[8,"1. (b) Marriages in India are transitioning from traditional sacramental unions to more autonomous relationships, reflected in live-in relationships and rising divorce rates. Discuss the ethical dimensions of these changes.","10","150"],[10,"2. (a) While accountability often necessitates documentation, an overemphasis on bureaucratic procedures and excessive paperwork can inadvertently silence the very voices that public policy intends to empower, particularly at the grassroots. Examine the above statement with suitable illustrations.","10","Answer in 150"],[12,"2. (b) The principle of impartiality may conflict with the need for compassion towards marginalized communities. Discuss in the context of civil services in India.","10","150"],[14,"3. (a) What do each of the following quotations mean to you?\n(a) “The strength of a nation derives from the integrity of the home.” - Confucius (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"3. (b) \"Act only according to that maxim through which you can at the same time will that it become a universal law.\" - Immanuel Kant (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[18,"3. (c) \"We are not only responsible for what we do, but also for what we fail to do\" - Molière. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[20,"4. (a) Patriotism encourages ethical questioning, while nationalism often suppresses it. Discuss this statement in light of the formation of political attitudes during high-pressure national events. How can individuals develop moral attitudes that balance national interest with ethical reasoning?","10","150"],[22,"4. (b) Discuss how employee well-being and fairness can be balanced with efficiency and profitability in private organisations.","10","150"],[24,"5. (a) Do you agree that excessive use of social media and emerging AI technologies may lead to a decline in emotional regulation and moral sensitivity among adolescents? Justify your answer.","10","150"],[26,"5. (b) In light of the increasing incidents of suicides among students in India, discuss how Emotional Intelligence (EI) can aid in managing stress and emotional challenges.","10","150"],[28,"6. (a) In public service, emotional intelligence is not about suppressing emotion, but mastering its purpose — to connect, to de-escalate, and to uplift others with empathy and strength. Do you agree with this view? Discuss.","10","150"],[30,"6. (b) An efficient work culture is built not only on rules, but on shared values. In this context, evaluate the role of leadership and team dynamics in transforming work culture within an organization.","10","150"],[32,"7 You are posted as the Joint Secretary in the Department of Information Technology of a state. The government recently implemented several citizen-centric digital services, collecting large volumes of personal data from residents. The Digital Personal Data Protection (DPDP) Act, 2023, requires that such data be processed only with explicit and informed consent, and mandates that processing must cease immediately upon withdrawal of consent.\n\nDuring an internal audit, you discover that the department continues to process and analyze personal data of several citizens even after they have formally withdrawn their consent. This data is being used for policy analytics and service improvement, purposes not explicitly disclosed at the time of data collection. When you bring this to the attention of your department head, you are informed that halting the processing will disrupt ongoing digital initiatives and may affect state-level performance metrics. Moreover, you find that the consent withdrawal process is cumbersome, and many citizens are unaware of their rights under the DPDP Act.\n\nYou also learn that a prominent social activist is planning to file a complaint with the Data Protection Board against involuntary use of personal data, which could attract public scrutiny and legal action against the department.\n(a) Identify and discuss the ethical issues involved in this case.\n(b) What are the potential consequences for the department if the issue is not addressed transparently?\n(c) How would you balance the need for efficient public service delivery with the obligation to protect citizens' data rights? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[37,"8 You are an IAS officer, currently serving as the Secretary of the Public Works Department in a hill state. Recently, a disturbing incident has come to light involving a senior Cabinet Minister and two engineers of the National Highways Authority of India (NHAI). During an inspection of a critical highway project, the Minister was allegedly seen on video physically assaulting and verbally abusing the engineers in full public view. The video, recorded by bystanders, went viral on social media and was widely covered by television channels, sparking both outrage and support from different sections of society. The Minister later defended his actions, alleging that the officials were corrupt, unresponsive to local grievances, and responsible for inordinate delays in the project. He insisted that his actions were driven by public frustration and the urgency of delivering infrastructure to a remote region.\n\nHowever, the engineers have filed a police complaint and written to their superiors, claiming they were targeted for resisting political pressure to award contracts to specific local contractors linked to the Minister. As the situation escalated, a union of NHAI engineers declared a strike,\n(a) इस प्रकरण में शामिल प्रमुख नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं? हितधारकों और उनके परस्पर विरोधी हितों की पहचान कीजिए।\n(b) लोक निर्माण विभाग के सचिव के रूप में, आप उपयुक्त स्थिति में क्या कार्रवाई करेंगे?\n(c) ऐसी घटनाएं सिविल सेवकों के मनोबल और शासन में जनता के विश्वास को कैसे प्रभावित करती हैं? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250"],[38,"(a) What are the key ethical issues involved in this situation? Identify the stakeholders and their conflicting interests.\n(b) As the Secretary of the PWD, what actions will you take in above situation?\n(c) How do such incidents affect the morale of civil servants and public trust in governance? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[42,"9 You are the Secretary in the Department of Personnel and Training (DoPT), Government of India. In recent years, an increasing number of civil servants, particularly younger officers from the IAS, IPS, and IRS, have begun maintaining personal YouTube channels and social media pages. On these platforms, they regularly post videos related to their official work — showcasing innovative projects, public outreach initiatives, inspection drives, and sometimes even day-to-day administrative duties.\n\nThese videos often receive widespread public attention, and many viewers express admiration, saying such content enhances transparency, motivates aspirants, and humanizes the bureaucracy. However, concerns have also emerged from various quarters. Senior officers argue that such content may blur the boundaries between personal branding and public service, while some citizens and media commentators point to instances where videos feature vulnerable beneficiaries without consent, raise concerns about misuse of official premises, or seem designed more for personal popularity than public accountability.\n(a) लोक सेवकों द्वारा अपने आधिकारिक कार्यों को सोशल मीडिया पर सार्वजनिक रूप से प्रदर्शित करने के कृत्यों में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों की पहचान कीजिए।\n(b) क्या ऐसी प्रस्तुतियां जागरूकता और प्रेरणा को प्रोत्साहित देती हैं या क्या ये अनामिता, तटस्थता और सामूहिक सेवा भावना के मूल्यों से समझौता करती हैं? अपना मत दीजिए।\n(c) सचिव के रूप में, लोक सेवकों की उत्तरदायित्व डिजिटल सहभागिता सुनिश्चित करने के लिए आप कौन-से मार्गदर्शक सिद्धांत और नीतिगत अनुशासन सुझाएंगे? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250"],[43,"You have been asked to prepare a report with recommendations to balance public interest, institutional integrity, and evolving modes of communication.\n(a) Identify the ethical issues involved in civil servants publicly showcasing their official work on social media.\n(b) Do such practices promote awareness and motivation, or do they compromise the values of anonymity, neutrality, and collective service ethos? Give your opinion.\n(c) As the Secretary, what guiding principles and policy recommendations would you suggest to ensure responsible digital engagement by civil servants? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[47,"10. You are the Director of the National Bioethics Commission who is responsible for assessing the ethical feasibility and oversight of a nationwide gene sequencing program. The project named GeneFuture, aims to sequence the DNA of every newborn child and store it in a centralized national database. The objective is to identify genetic predispositions to serious diseases early in life, allowing for preventive treatment and personalized medicine. Over 100,000 babies have already been enrolled in the pilot phase of the program. The government claims that this move is a landmark step in public health advancement.\n\nHowever, collection of newborn genetic data raises significant ethical concerns, particularly around informed consent, which may not fully capture parents' understanding of the long-term risks involved. Once gathered, this sensitive data could be misused for purposes such as surveillance, insurance discrimination, or commercial marketing by third parties. Uncertainty over data ownership—whether it lies with the state, parents, or the individual as they mature—further complicates the issue. The involvement of private tech and pharmaceutical companies heightens fears of commercial exploitation, especially in the absence of clear mechanisms for individuals to withdraw consent or delete their genetic information upon reaching adulthood.\n(a) What are the ethical issues you perceive in the implementation of the GeneFuture program?\n(b) Identify the conflicting interests of different stakeholders in this case.\n(c) What guiding ethical principles would you recommend for implementation of this project? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[52,"11 You are a dedicated District Health Officer (DHO) with a strong commitment to evidence-based public health practices, recently assigned to a remote district in India. Your immediate and most critical task is to lead a crucial district-wide Measles-Rubella (MR) vaccination drive, aimed at achieving 100% immunization coverage among children aged 9 months to 15 years. The success of this drive is vital for the collective health of thousands of children and for the district's overall health indicators, especially with the impending monsoon season posing additional health challenges.\n\nHowever, in one of the largest and most traditional villages in your district, you encounter formidable resistance. The villagers, deeply influenced by the pronouncements of a revered local\n(a) उपयुक्त प्रकरण में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\n(b) इस विरोध को शांत करने के लिए आपके पास तत्काल क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\n(c) अंधविश्वास के व्यापक प्रभाव को दूर करने और संधारणीय लोक स्वास्थ्य परिणामों हेतु वैज्ञानिक सोच को बढ़ावा देने के लिए आप कौन-सी दीर्घकालिक रणनीतियाँ और प्रणालीगत सुधारों का सुझाव देंगे? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250"],[53,"(a) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the above case.\n(b) What are the immediate options available to you to overcome this resistance?\n(c) What long-term strategies and systemic reforms would you suggest to address the pervasive influence of superstition and foster a scientific temperament for sustainable public health outcomes? (Answer in 250 words)\na) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the above case.\nb) What are the immediate options available to you to overcome this resistance?\nc) What long-term strategies and systemic reforms would you suggest to address the pervasive influence of superstition and foster a scientific temperament for sustainable public health outcomes?","","250"],[57,"12. (a) आपके समक्ष विद्यमान संभावित प्रशासनिक और नैतिक दुविधाएं क्या हैं?\n(b) आपके लिए उपलब्ध सभी विकल्पों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\n(c) आप अपने निर्णय का नैतिक औचित्य सिद्ध करते हुए कौन-सी व्यापक कार्यवाही करेंगे? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)\na) आपके समक्ष विद्यमान संभावित प्रशासनिक और नैतिक दुविधाएं क्या हैं?\nb) आपके लिए उपलब्ध सभी विकल्पों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\nc) आप अपने निर्णय का नैतिक औचित्य सिद्ध करते हुए कौन-सी व्यापक कार्यवाही करेंगे? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250 शब्दों में"],[58,"(a) What are the potential administrative and ethical dilemmas you face?\n(b) Discuss all options available to you.\n(c) What comprehensive course of action would you choose to adopt, providing ethical justification for your decision? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"]]},{"i":900,"t":"Vivek Shinde","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":2024,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/VIVEK-SHINDE-UPSC-2024-Rank-93-MGP-Sample-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) Differentiate between the following:\n(i) Attitude and Opinion.\n(ii) Emotions and feelings.","10","150"],[5,"b) Attitude is a little thing that makes a big difference. In what ways does attitude influence one's thoughts and behaviors?","10","150"],[7,"Q.2) a) What do you understand by emotional intelligence? Examine the importance of emotional intelligence in personal and professional life.","10","150"],[9,"b) Persuasion can often achieve what coercion cannot. In this context, evaluate the significance of persuasion for heralding social transformations.","10","150"],[11,"Q.3) a) Political attitude has as much to do with society as with politics. Discuss with suitable illustrations.","10","150"],[13,"b) What does the following quotation mean to you? \"Whatever is begun in anger, ends in shame\" - Benjamin Franklin.","10","150"],[15,"Q.4 Alok works in a multinational company in USA. He was visiting his family in India on a vacation. While reading the newspaper at home in India, Alok noticed a particular news item. As per the news article, a family of seven, travelling in an SUV, had died in a road mishap. The vehicle lost control and rammed into a roadside boulder. The police report said that none of the passengers had their seat belts on. It was also highlighted that the fatal injuries could have been avoided by the use of seat belts. A few days later, Alok and his family members who lived in Delhi, decided to travel to the hills of Himachal Pradesh, by road. While driving across Delhi, all the family members had their seat belts on. Alok mentally felt satisfied about the good sense of road safety in his family members. However, as their vehicle crossed the borders of Delhi, all the family members removed their seat belts almost immediately. Alok found this a little unusual. When he enquired about the same, his father told him that wearing a seat belt was necessary in Delhi and non-compliance attracted penal action. However, Alok exhorted all his family members to put on their seat belts for their own safety. He also told his family members that in USA people wore seat belts not to escape legal action, but to ensure their own safety as they understood the importance of seatbelts in reducing and mitigating the impacts of accidents. At this, his family members made fun of him and also chided him for having become an \"angrez\".\nAfter some time, their vehicle passed by a deep gorge. There they all witnessed a road accident, where a passenger vehicle had lost control and fell into the gorge. Alok immediately remembered the news report he read a few days back. Concerned about the safety of his family members, he again requested them to put on their seat belts. This time, all the family members got irritated and belittled Alok for being so scared. Alok could see that his family members had a very negative attitude with regard to wearing safety belts.\nDespite the effective role of seat belts in saving human lives, their usage by people in India remains abysmally low. As per a WHO report, wearing a seat belt can reduce the risk of being killed or injured in an accident by 25% and 75% respectively. A study conducted by Maruti Suzuki revealed that approximately 75% of passenger vehicle users in India do not wear seat belts leading to an average 15 deaths every day.\na) Why is there a negative attitude in people with regard to wearing seat belts?\nb) What measures can be taken to bring positive changes with regard to this attitude?","20","250"],[16,"a) सीट बेल्ट पहनने को लेकर लोगों में नकारात्मक रवैया क्यों है?\nb) इस दृष्टिकोण के संबंध में सकारात्मक परिवर्तन लाने के लिए क्या उपाय किए जा सकते हैं? (20 अंक, 250 शब्द)","20","250"],[20,"Q.5 a) What can be the reason behind the diametrically opposite attitude of two groups of people living in the same locality?\nb) According to you, who and to what extent can be held responsible for the problem of stray dogs attacking people?\na) What can be the reason behind the diametrically opposite attitude of two groups of people living in the same locality?\nb) According to you, who and to what extent can be held responsible for the problem of stray dogs attacking people?","20","250"],[21,"a) एक ही इलाके में रहने वाले लोगों के दो समूहों के बिलकुल विपरीत स्वभाव के पीछे क्या कारण हो सकते हैं?\nb) आपके अनुसार आवारा कुत्तों द्वारा लोगों पर हमला करने की समस्या के लिए किसे और किस हद तक जिम्मेदार ठहराया जा सकता है? (20 अंक, 250 शब्द)","20","250"],[23,"b Who is responsible to the problem?","",""],[26,"a) In your opinion, what qualities do Prakash lack? Do you think that Meena also lacks some qualities?\nb) As a common friend of Meena and Prakash, what advice will you give to the couple?\nc) How can they develop the qualities that could have prevented such a distressing situation?\na) In your opinion, what qualities do Prakash lack? Do you think that Meena also lacks some qualities?\nb) As a common friend of Meena and Prakash, what advice will you give to the couple?\nc) How can they develop the qualities that could have prevented such a distressing situation?","25","250"],[27,"a), b), c) a) आपकी राय में प्रकाश में किन गुणों की कमी है? क्या आपको लगता है कि मीना में भी कुछ गुणों की कमी थी?\nb) मीना और प्रकाश के कॉमन फ्रेंड होने के नाते आप इस युगल को क्या सलाह देंगे?\nc) वे उन गुणों को कैसे विकसित कर सकते हैं जो ऐसी विकट स्थिति को रोक सके थे?","","25 अंक"]]},{"i":901,"t":"Vivek Singh","c":"Forumias","p":"Essay","y":2025,"r":276,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/VIVEK-SINGH-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-276-Sample-Essay-Copy-2.pdf","q":[[3,"SECTION - A\n1. The glass ceiling is not invisible, it is just too high for many to see.\n2. Social justice is not charity, it is structural rebalancing.\n3. A nation's greatness is measured by how it treats its weakest members, and that includes its children.\n4. When we speak of 'Inclusive India', we must ask: Inclusive for whom?","",""],[7,"How nations could have achieve greatness? What is inhibiting them from achieving it? How important the weakest members are for achieving greatness?","",""],[9,"How is India performing to achieve greatness as described in this essay?","",""],[16,"1. Behavior is a function of its consequences.\n2. The age of smart devices and the decline of wise choices.\n3. Judge a man by his question, rather than his answer.\n4. Knowledge without compassion is tyranny of the intellect.","",""],[30,"When must you seek mentorship?","",""]]},{"i":902,"t":"Vivek Singh","c":"Forumias","p":"GS1","y":2025,"r":276,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/VIVEK-SINGH-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-276-Sample-MGP-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) Why has public bathing been a recurring practice across cultures and societies? Discuss with examples.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Estimate the contributions of Chalukyas of Badami to Indian heritage and culture.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) Mahatma Gandhi and Dr. B.R. Ambedkar had contrasting philosophies and approaches on caste and social reform. Examine.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) What factors can be attributed to the rising incidents of Glacial Lake Outburst Floods (GLOFs) in the Himalayan region? Discuss with examples.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5 \"Migration is a vital livelihood strategy for rural households in developing countries like India.\" Elucidate.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6 Bring out the interdependence between physical and chemical weathering with suitable examples.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7 Discuss how social media is reshaping identity formation and self-worth among adolescents in contemporary Indian society.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) The disproportionate preference for government jobs in certain Indian states is not merely a matter of personal aspiration. Analyze.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9 Explain the significance of population education in light of India's status as the world's most populous nation.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10 Globalization has infused indian festivals with commercial elements, while also helping preserve and popularize them in new ways. Do you agree? Justify your answer.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11) India has a rich tradition of diverse dance forms, encompassing both classical and folk styles. Illustrate how they reflect the country's rich spiritual, cultural, and social life.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12 The third decade of the 20th century witnessed the emergence of new forces and ideological currents that influenced the character of the Indian national movement. Elaborate.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 Analyse the circumstances that led to Simla Agreement in 1972. Discuss the significance of the agreement.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 \"The Vietnam War was a proxy conflict rooted in the ideological rivalry of the Cold War.\" Comment.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15) Discuss the concept of isostasy and explain its role in shaping Earth's major landforms.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16 The Indian Ocean is warming at an alarming rate. How may it affect the food security of India?","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 Describing the distribution of sugarcane producing countries, examine the major environmental challenges associated with its cultivation.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 The richness and diversity of Indian society find vivid expression in the unique culture of its tribal communities. Elucidate.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 Why is it essential to focus on health in the context of urban planning and reforms? How can this be achieved?","15","250"],[50,"Q.20) Analyze the socio-cultural factors contributing to the high attrition rate among women in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) careers in India. Suggest measures to improve their retention in STEM.","15","250"],[54,"When must you seek mentorship?","",""]]},{"i":903,"t":"Vivek Singh","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2025,"r":276,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/VIVEK-SINGH-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-276-Sample-MGP-Copy-2.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1 Examine the scope and significance of the Supreme Court's advisory jurisdiction under Article 143 of the Constitution.","10","150"],[4,"Significance of A.143\na) Reducing of litigations in the court\nb) Clarity to President and Parliament about various ambiguous clauses of constitution\nc) Establishes interpretation of laws and constitutional provisions, who is the final interpreter of it","",""],[5,"Q.2) What is delimitation, and why is it important? What challenges are associated with the delimitation exercise in India?","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) How has asymmetric federalism helped India accommodate its diverse regional needs? Discuss with suitable examples.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) Explain how the terms 'socialist' and 'secular' in the Preamble embody specific meanings in the Indian context.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5 The role of State Finance Commissions in building regional equity and strengthening the federal link has largely been underutilized. Discuss.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6 How far do you think has the National Commission for Protection of Child Rights (NCPCR) been successful in protecting and promoting child rights in India?","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) Outline the salient features of New Education Policy (NEP) 2020 related to school education. What does it state about the medium of instruction in schools?","10","150"],[17,"Q.8 Throw light on the legal frameworks that are in place to ensure women's safety in India. What further steps are needed to enhance their safety and well-being?","10","150"],[19,"Q.9 \"A multipolar world order is not merely an option but a necessity\". Elaborate. How can India leverage its position to strengthen multipolarity in the global arena?","10","150"],[21,"Q.10 \"ASEAN is the cornerstone of India's Act East Policy and its Indo-Pacific vision.\" Elucidate.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11) Discuss the various administrative challenges faced by local self-governments (LSGs). What measures do you suggest for devolving administrative powers to LSGs, enabling them to function as institutions of genuine self-governance?","15","250"],[26,"Q.12) In light of recent developments, the Collegium system and the Supreme Court's decision to strike down the National Judicial Appointments Commission (NJAC) Act, 2014 have once again come under scrutiny. Do you think that a NJAC-like body can make judicial appointments more transparent, broad-based, and accountable? Justify your answer.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 Differentiate between the clemency powers of the Presidents of India and the USA. Also, critically examine the vesting of clemency power in the executive.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14) What constitutes corrupt practices under the Representation of the People Act, 1951? Also, discuss the challenges in curbing such malpractices and suggest remedial measures.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 Discuss the role of the Vice-President as the Chairman of the Rajya Sabha. Also describe the procedure for his/her removal from office.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16 \"Universal Basic Income (UBI) is a viable solution to eradicate extreme poverty in India.\" Critically discuss the statement.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 What are the key determinants of malnutrition among under-five children in the country? Also, elaborate on the role of nutrition-specific and nutrition-sensitive interventions in addressing this issue.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 \"Data is the raw material of Artificial Intelligence.\" In this context, discuss the need for transparent and accountable data governance frameworks in India. What steps has the government taken in this regard?","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 Critically examine the role of International Monetary Fund (IMF) in addressing debt distress in the Global South. How can India use its post-G20 presidency momentum to push IMF reforms?","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 \"In a fluid geopolitical arena, engagement without formal endorsement is a pragmatic middle path.\" Do you agree? Explain in the context of India's current approach towards the Taliban regime in Afghanistan.","15","250"]]},{"i":904,"t":"Vivek Singh","c":"Forumias","p":"GS3","y":2025,"r":276,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/VIVEK-SINGH-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-276-Sample-MGP-Copy-3.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) While the Employment Linked Incentive (ELI) scheme and the Production Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme are both designed to boost economic growth, they employ different approaches and focus on distinct outcomes. Elaborate.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) What do you understand by 'Reverse Brain Drain'? Identify the key drivers of the rising trend of this phenomenon in the country.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) The Dedicated Freight Corridor (DFC) not only enhances logistics efficiency but also represents a pivotal milestone in the country's infrastructure development and economic growth. In this context, describe the significance of the Dedicated Freight Corridor.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) Define precision agriculture. How can it help in optimizing crop production and resource management?","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) Why has rice not seen similar innovation in processed food products compared to wheat, despite being a staple in many regions of the country?","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) Explain the working principle of the pumped storage hydropower system. What are the key advantages it offers compared to other power storage technologies?","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) Describe the major outcomes of the 29th session of the Conference of Parties (COP) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) How can emerging solar technologies address the twin challenges of resource scarcity and environmental degradation? Illustrate your answer with recent innovations in the field.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9 What is 'research security'? What are the key hurdles in ensuring research security in India?","10","150"],[21,"Q.10) The Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act, 1958 (AFSPA) is necessary for maintaining peace and stability in the 'disturbed areas'. Critically examine.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11) How has inadequate progress on factor market reforms impacted India's double-digit growth aspirations? What measures has the government taken in this regard?","15","250"],[26,"Q.12) What are the factors responsible for the recent depreciation of the Indian Rupee? Discuss its implications for the economy and suggest policy measures to stabilize the currency.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 While Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs) can resolve the issues of small farmers and boost agrarian economy, the realization of their potential is hindered by a multitude of factors. Analyze.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14) Discuss the significance of aquaculture towards nutrition security, livelihood generation, and economic growth. Also mention various initiatives taken by the government to promote sustainable aquaculture in the country.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 What is gene therapy? What makes it a better treatment option than the conventional approaches?","15","250"],[38,"Q.16) Why are countries keen on developing their own space stations? What obstacles do they face in the process, and how can these be overcome?","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 Climate change is causing profound alterations in ecosystems, triggering cascading impacts on biodiversity, ecosystem services, and human livelihoods, which demands integrated approaches to conservation and climate adaptation. Analyse.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18) Often referred to as the 'cradle of civilization' and 'growth engines', urban areas are increasingly experiencing various natural and man-made disasters. Discuss in the Indian context. Also, suggest suitable mitigation and management strategies.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 How does India's geographical location heighten its vulnerability to drug trafficking? Also, analyze various internal security risks linked to drug trafficking.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20) The increasing frequency and sophistication of cyberattacks pose a significant threat to national security. Discuss the major challenges in ensuring cybersecurity in the country and enumerate the measures taken by the government in this regard.","15","250"]]},{"i":907,"t":"Wasim Ur Rahman","c":"Forumias","p":"GS1","y":2025,"r":157,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/WASIM-UR-RAHMAN-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-157-Sample-MGP-Copy-4.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) \"Nalanda is a symbol of India's academic heritage and vibrant cultural exchange\". Elucidate with special references to foreign travelers' accounts.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) The period of Delhi Sultans witnessed the emergence of Indo-Persian culture. Discuss the statement with reference to developments in the fields of literature, art and architecture.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) Give a brief account of the contributions of early nationalists to the Indian freedom struggle.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) The Vaikom Satyagraha marked a historic milestone in India's fight against social injustice, demonstrating the power of non-violent resistance in dismantling oppressive caste barriers. Explain.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) The Oslo Accords, once hailed as a landmark diplomatic achievement, failed to address key issues, highlighting the challenges of achieving lasting peace between Israel and Palestine. Analyse.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) What are Northern and Southern lights? Explain the phenomenon and discuss their associated impacts on Earth's atmosphere and human activities.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) Identifying the major automobile clusters in India, enumerate the favourable factors for the location of the automobile industry.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) \"India's diversity is her greatest strength.\" In light of the statement, explain how diversity has enriched and strengthened Indian society.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9 Critically examine the effects of globalization on the youth in India.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10 The recognition of LGBTQ rights in India marks significant progress, but the journey towards full societal integration and acceptance remains arduous necessitating a profound socio-cultural shift. Elaborate.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11) Throw light upon the importance of seals and sealings in the reconstruction of socio-economic and religious life of the Harappan people. Also, explain why many of the known Harappan settlements are in semi-arid regions.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12) Describe the significance of the Dandi March (1930) as the starting point of the Civil Disobedience Movement. Also, discuss the national and international reactions to the Dandi March and the Salt Satyagraha.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 Give a reasoned account of the distribution of deserts across the earth with the help of relevant examples.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14) Discuss the impact of local winds on their associated regions, citing examples from different parts of the world.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 Rare Earths Elements (REE) are considered as 'Vitamins of Modern Industry'. In this context, bring out the multi-dimensional implications of uneven distribution of REE in the world.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16) Describe the various factors that influence ocean currents and discuss their multi-dimensional impact.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 Briefly explain the process of tide formation and differentiate between tides and waves.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18) While social media facilitates unprecedented connectivity and self-expression, it can also widen social crevices and fractures. In this context, examine the impact of social media on Indian society.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 \"The regionalism in India is both a response to the failures in addressing regional aspirations and as an assertion of socio-cultural identity in the face of perceived marginalization.\" Comment.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20) Explain how traditional gender roles and responsibilities exacerbate the vulnerability of women to extreme heat conditions. Suggest strategies to mitigate these vulnerabilities.","15","250"],[54,"When must you seek mentorship?","",""]]},{"i":905,"t":"Wasim Ur Rahman","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2025,"r":157,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/WASIM-UR-RAHMAN-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-157-Sample-MGP-Copy-2.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) The Indian Constitution does not embody a strict separation of powers rather it introduces a system of checks and balances, with overlapping functions and interdependencies among the legislature, executive, and judiciary. Elaborate.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Recently, the Supreme Court has expanded the scope of Articles 14 and 21 to include the \"right against the adverse effects of climate change\". In this context, citing relevant case laws, discuss the role played by Indian judiciary in \"constitutionalization\" of environmental issues.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) The Speaker's inclination to cater to party loyalties often undermines the dignity and impartiality of the office, eroding public trust in the legislative process. Analyse with the help of recent examples.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) Assess the effectiveness of SEBI in fulfilling its envisaged role of regulating the securities market, ensuring transparency, and protecting investors' interests.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) The foundational strength of the Indian Constitution stems from its ability to integrate diverse socio-political perspectives. Elucidate.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) Parliamentary committees serve as vital tools for legislative oversight, ensuring accountability and transparency in governance processes. In light of the statement, examine the role of the Public Accounts Committee.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) Without addressing the issues that hinder the full and effective participation of persons with disabilities in political and public life, the goal of achieving inclusiveness and their empowerment will remain unattainable. Analyze.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) What roles do community-based interventions play in enhancing access to preventive and promotive healthcare services in India?","10","150"],[19,"Q.9) The current composition of the UNSC with under-representation and un-representation of key regions is detrimental to its legitimacy and effectiveness, underscoring the urgent need for reforms. Elaborate. Also, present a case for India's permanent membership in the UNSC.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10 \"The ongoing internal crisis in Myanmar is impeding India's Act East Policy.\" In light of the statement, discuss the measures taken by India to deal with the crisis and associated challenges.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11 \"The Basic Structure Doctrine, lauded for safeguarding the core principles of the Constitution against majoritarian impulses, is also criticized for enabling judicial overreach and disturbing the balance of power as envisioned by the Constitution.\" Elaborate.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12) Enumerate the salient features of Representation of People's Act, 1951. In your opinion, what amendments are needed in the Act to further the cause of free and fair elections in light of contemporary challenges.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13) The cooperative nature of Indian federalism is being increasingly challenged by emerging differences in Centre-State relations. Discuss. What steps can be taken to strengthen the cooperative spirit of Indian federalism?","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 Parliamentary privileges are fundamental for lawmakers to discharge their duties without undue influence. However, ensuring the responsible exercise of these privileges is crucial for fostering public trust and ensuring the accountability of public institutions. Analyse.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 The Constitution of India provides several rights that empower the individual, yet it balances these freedoms with reasonable restrictions in the larger public interest. Discuss how constitutional restrictions on fundamental rights strike a fine balance between individual interests and societal interests. Also, mention the principles that are considered in evaluating the reasonableness of restrictions with reference case laws.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16) Self-Help Groups (SHGs) can play a crucial role in alleviating rural poverty by providing women with access to microfinance, enabling them to start small businesses and improve their livelihoods. Examine.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17) Despite the implementation of numerous policies and schemes aimed at combating hunger and malnutrition in the country, their effectiveness remains limited. Analyse.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18) The true test of good governance is the degree to which it ensures accountability towards citizens and delivers on the promise of sustainable and inclusive human development. Discuss in the context of challenges to good governance in India.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 As the principal judicial organ of the United Nations, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) provides a judicial mechanism for the peaceful resolution of international disputes. In this context, throw light on the structure and mandate of ICJ. Also, highlight the challenges it faces in fulfilling its mandate.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 Geopolitical shifts pose challenges to India-Russia relations, yet the relationship remains robust, driven by deep-rooted trust and a shared commitment to sustain a multifaceted strategic partnership. Analyse.","15","250"],[54,"When must you seek mentorship?","",""]]},{"i":906,"t":"Wasim Ur Rahman","c":"Forumias","p":"GS3","y":2025,"r":157,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/WASIM-UR-RAHMAN-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-157-Sample-MGP-Copy-3.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) Why has there been an increased focus on negotiating, renegotiating and concluding Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) by India in recent years?","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) A well-designed fiscal policy can serve as a vital instrument to facilitate the equitable distribution of resources and ensure the welfare of all sections of society. Elaborate.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) What are the primary factors contributing to India's significant reliance on imported edible oils? What measures do you suggest to increase domestic production and to reduce India's reliance on imported edible oils?","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) With the growing water crisis in India, micro irrigation offers a sustainable solution for water conservation; however, its adoption remains skewed and below its potential. Discuss.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) The recurring railway accidents highlight the urgent necessity for addressing the myriad challenges related to safety, undercapacity and lack of modernization within Indian Railways. Analyse.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) How does NISAR mission exemplify international cooperation in space exploration and scientific research? In what ways will it help in climate change monitoring and natural hazard management?","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) Nuclear technology can play a transformative role in enhancing food security and agricultural sustainability. Discuss.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) Increasing frequency of forest fires in India underscores the urgent need for sustainable forest management practices. In light of the statement, bring out the causes and multidimensional impact of forest fires. Also, suggest measures for their prevention and management.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9) What reasons can be attributed to the recent surge in terror related violence in Jammu and Kashmir? What strategies would you suggest to counter it?","10","150"],[21,"Q.10) In the light of recent events, throw light on the possible implications of 'cyber slavery' on internal security of India.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11) \"The liberalization policies of 1991 significantly enhanced India's economic dynamism, but the evolving global and domestic landscape necessitates Reforms 2.0\" or sustained economic development and prosperity. Comment.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12) Infrastructure development is essential not just for economic transformation but also for sustainable development and societal well-being. Elaborate with examples.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13) Bring out the significance of aquaculture towards nutrition security, livelihood generation, and economic growth. Also, mention various measures taken by the government to promote aquaculture in the country.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 The MSP system, though well-intentioned, has led to market distortions and ecological stress, necessitating reforms to make it more inclusive and efficient. Examine.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15) Biotechnology holds immense potential for achieving sustainable food production, efficient waste management and significant advancements in human health. Elucidate.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16) Climate change is leading to significant alterations in ecosystems, resulting in cascading effects on biodiversity, ecosystem services, and human livelihoods, necessitating integrated approaches to conservation and climate adaptation. Analyse.","15","250"],[41,"Q.7) Urban areas, often referred to as the cradle of civilization and growth engines, are increasingly experiencing various natural and man-made disasters. Discuss in the Indian context. Also, suggest suitable mitigation and management strategies.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18) \"India's disaster management framework has made significant progress in the 21st century, yet challenges persist in ensuring timely response and effective coordination during crises.\" Comment.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 Explain how the symbiotic relationship between organized crime and terrorism further aggravates internal security concerns. What steps can be taken to address this linkage and the threats emerging from it?","15","250"],[50,"Q.20) Strengthening security apparatus in border areas and forging developmental partnerships with the locals are essential components of a robust and effective border management strategy. Discuss, with initiatives taken by the government in this regard.","15","250"]]},{"i":908,"t":"Wasim Ur Rahman","c":"Forumias","p":"GS3","y":2025,"r":157,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/WASIM-UR-RAHMAN-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-157-Sample-MGP-Copy-5.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) Trace the evolution of Industrial policy in India post-independence. Assess the success of these policies in fulfilling their desired objectives.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Highlighting the importance of green growth, discuss various measures to promote the same.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) Comment on the achievements and failures of land reforms.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4 DPI (Digital Public Infrastructure) is a critical enabler of digital transformation for both businesses and citizens; however, it comes with its own set of challenges. Examine.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) How far do you agree that a robust domestic demand is the most important driver of India's economic growth? What are other factors that influence the growth trajectory of the country?","10","150"],[13,"Q.6 The multiheaded hydra of inequity is reinforced by the skewed concentration of wealth. How far can Universal Basic Income (UBI) check the growth of economic inequity? Substantiate your answer.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) To what extent does the Female Labor Force Participation paint a true picture of the participation of women in the Indian economy? Justify with suitable examples.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) The skewed emphasis on certain crops has distorted the cropping pattern in India, which has led to grave socio-economic and environmental consequences. Elaborate.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9) The utility of APMCs is not lost despite a plethora of limitations. Discuss and recommend corrective measures for overhauling the APMCs.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10) The World Trade Organisation (WTO) was formed with the objective of imparting a long term and equitable solution to the dichotomy between free trade and food security. However, the objective has been marred by several factors. Comment","10","150"],[23,"Q.11) Critically evaluate the performance of Goods and Services Tax (GST) as a much talked about measure for fiscal reform.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12) Inclusive growth is a roadmap to intergenerational equity, redistribution of wealth, and employment generation. Explain. Also, discuss the steps taken by the government towards achieving inclusive growth.","15","15"],[29,"Q.13 The inflation in the economy is fueled by a multitude of factors and leaves wide-ranging socio-economic impact. Analyze.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14) What benefits does privatization of public infrastructure offer? Examine the role of the landlord port model in modernization of India's port infrastructure.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 Discuss the significance of Multimodal Transport System in achieving last mile connectivity, improving logistics efficiency, and addressing the twin problems of pollution and congestion. What measures can be taken to ensure efficient multimodal transport connectivity in India?","15","250"],[38,"Q.16) How will you explain the potential of Agristack in providing a lasting remedy to various ills afflicting the farm sector?","15","250"],[41,"Q.17) Food Processing Industries (FPIs) can act as a bridge between the informal farming community and the formal industrial sector, which can help boost the rural economy. Examine.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18) Highlighting the rationale behind declaring MSP, discuss various issues related to the MSP regime in the country. Also critically analyse the efficacy of legalizing MSP towards ensuring financial sustainability in farming.","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 What do you understand by Farmers Producer Organisations (FPO's)? Throwing light upon the various challenges faced by the FPOs, suggest measures to ameliorate the same.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20 Discuss the role of biotechnology in enhancing agricultural productivity. Also, highlight the concerns regarding the application of biotechnology in agriculture.","15","250"],[54,"When must you seek mentorship?","",""]]},{"i":909,"t":"Yarasi Tusharika","c":"Forumias","p":"GS1","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/YARASI-TUSHARIKAUPSC_IAS_2025_Toppers_AIR_393_Sample_MGP_1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) What are the main features of Vedic society and religion? Do you think some of the features are still prevailing in Indian society?","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) The synthesis of Islamic architectural styles with elements from local Indian traditions contributed to the development of Indo-Islamic architecture in India. Discuss.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) What were the reasons behind the relative peace and lack of major international conflicts during the 1920s?","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) Discuss the significance of the 1998 Pokhran nuclear tests as a transformative moment in India's post-independence history.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) What were the reasons that the British emerged as the preeminent power after succeeding against other European powers in the Indian subcontinent?","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) \"The very policy that was meant to further subjugate Indians catalyzed free thought and questioned the notion of British superiority.\" Discuss in the context of British education policy in colonial India.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) How far do you agree with the view that Stalinism was just a continuation of Leninism?","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) The revolt of 1857 was far more than a mutiny, yet much less than the first war of independence. Do you agree? Substantiate your views.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9) Unemployment is not just an economic challenge, but a social one with far-reaching consequences. In this context, discuss the social impact of unemployment in the country.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10 \"The socio-cultural consequences of the contact between tribal and non-tribal populations are complex and multifaceted.\" Examine.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11 Differentiate between the Nagara and Dravida styles of temple architecture. Explain how the Vesara architectural style creatively amalgamated architectural elements of both, while introducing innovative elements of its own.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12 Identify the key reasons behind British colonial intervention in Malaya in the 19th century. How did Malaya react to British colonial rule?","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 The integration of the Princely States into the Indian Union after partition involved overcoming significant administrative and socio-cultural hurdles. Discuss the statement with special emphasis on the integration of Hyderabad. Also, throw light on the role of Sardar Patel in the integration process.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 Non-Cooperation-Khilafat Movement was a watershed event in the Indian freedom struggle, but it suffered from inherent limitations. Elaborate.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 The Bhakti movement, emphasizing 'personal connection' to the divine, had a profound impact on various aspects of Indian society. Highlighting the main features of the Bhakti movement, discuss its contribution towards the development of vernacular languages across the country.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16) Discuss the developments in the field of art and architecture during the Mauryan period.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17) The German unification was achieved more by 'coal and iron' than by 'blood and iron'. Examine.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 How do conventional gender roles and responsibilities make women more susceptible to the impacts of extreme heat conditions? What measures would you suggest reducing these vulnerabilities?","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 \"The changing nature of revolutionary extremism in the Indian national movement reflects a broader shift in political consciousness.\" Substantiate.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20) While there are extensive policies focused on equity and social justice, yet the underprivileged sections are deprived of full benefits of affirmative action guaranteed by the Constitution. Comment.","15","250"]]},{"i":910,"t":"Yarasi Tusharika","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/YARASI-TUSHARIKAUPSC_IAS_2025_Toppers_AIR_393_Sample_MGP_2.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) What is your understanding of corruption? In your opinion, does corruption grease or sand the wheels of growth? Justify your answer.","10","150"],[5,"b) The balance between laws and conscience is delicate, when synchronized, they promote ethical conduct, but their discord can give rise to significant ethical dilemmas. Illustrate with examples","10","150"],[7,"Q.2) a) The recognition of the horrors of nuclear weapons should compel nations to move towards meaningful disarmament. However, geopolitical interests continue to hinder genuine progress in this direction. What are the ethical considerations of nuclear states to pursue global disarmament, and how can the international community balance security concerns with the moral imperative of a nuclear-free world?","10","150"],[9,"b) What does 'accountability' mean in the context of public service? What measures can be adopted to ensure individual and collective accountability of public servants?","10","150"],[11,"Q.3) a) \"Probity in governance is an essential and vital requirement for an efficient and effective system of governance and for socio-economic development.\" Discuss the statement with examples.","10","150"],[13,"6) Why should public services prioritize impartiality and non-partisanship as core values in the present socio-political context? Illustrate with examples.","10","150"],[15,"Q 8) a) Distinguish between \"Code of ethics\" and \"Code of conduct\" with suitable examples","10","150"],[17,"b) In contemporary times, corporate governance emphasizes accountability and ethical responsibility, yet a lack of adherence to these principles among many corporations highlights a disconnect between theory and practice. In this context, discuss the challenges corporations face in adhering to ethical standards and how these challenges can be mitigated.","10","150"],[19,"Q.5) a) What do you understand by the term 'public servant'? Reflect on the expected role of public servant","10","150"],[21,"b) The ethical base of a welfare state is central to its legitimacy. What are, in your opinion, the vital ethical traits of a welfare state? Suggest ways to strengthen the ethical foundation of a state.","10","150"],[23,"Q6 (a) Distinguish between laws and rules. Discuss the role of ethics in formulating them","10","150"],[25,"b) Write short notes on the following in 30-50 words each\ni) Ethical congruence\nii) Conflict of interest\niii) Compassion in public life\niv) Crisis of conscience\nv) Social capital","10 marks, 150","30-50 words each"],[27,"Q Recently, a disturbing incident involving the sexual assault of two young girls at a nursery school came to light in a sleepy town of a western state in the country. When the parents approached the local police station to lodge an FIR, the police turned them away. However, twelve hours later, the FIR was filed, and a 24 year old cleaning staff member of the school was arrested as the only suspect in the incident. The news of the assault spread rapidly, igniting widespread outrage and intense media coverage. The public was furious, leading to protests across the town demanding justice for the victims. Locals organized a bandh, vandalized the school, and blocked railway lines while demanding death penalty for the suspect. The state government swung into action, suspending two police personnel for their delayed response and forming a Special Investigation Team (SIT) to investigate the case. The principal of the school, along with two staff members, was also suspended. The SIT began its investigation and charged the school principal, secretary, and chairman under sections of the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act for failing to report the crime. Meanwhile, the accused's first wife filed a case against him for violent sexual behavior and unnatural sex. As the investigation progressed, tensions in the town continued to simmer. The pressure on the SIT to resolve the case was immense, with political figures, media, and the public all demanding swift action. The following day, while the suspect was being transported to the crime scene (the school) for further investigation, he was killed in what was described as an encounter. According to the SIT's account, the suspect managed to snatch a gun from one of the officers and opened fire, injuring him. In retaliation, the police shot the suspect, who was gravely injured and later succumbed to his wounds in the hospital. The news of the encounter spread quickly. While many praised the SIT for their swift action, others raised serious concerns. The family of the suspect claimed it was a staged encounter. The human rights groups echoed similar sentiments, accusing the police of an extrajudicial killing orchestrated under immense public pressure.\na What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\nb Based on the case study, discuss the challenges faced by law enforcement agencies in conducting a fair and impartial investigation amidst public and political pressure.\nc What best practices should be followed to ensure the integrity of investigations in such high-profile cases?","20","250"],[28,"1. तथाकथित मामले में नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं ?\n2. केस रूसी के आधार पर सामाजिक और राजनीतिक दबाव के बीच निष्पक्ष जांच करने में कानून प्रवर्तन एजेंसियों के सामने आने वाली चुनौतियों पर चर्चा करें।\n3. ऐसे हाई प्रोफाइल मामलों में जांच की सत्यनिष्ठा सुनिश्चित करने के लिए कौन सी सर्वोत्तम प्रथाओं का पालन किया जाना चाहिए।","","20 अंक"],[33,"a. What are the ethical issues involved in re-appropriation of funds from a welfare project to the developmental projects?\nb. Given the need for proper utilization of public funds, discuss the options available to Sowmiya. Which option should she choose?","20","250"],[34,"a. कल्याणकारी परियोजना से विकासात्मक परियोजनाओं के लिए वित्त के पुनर्विनियोजन में क्या नैतिक मुद्दे शामिल हैं? b. सार्वजनिक वित्त के उचित उपयोग की आवश्यकता को देखते हुए, सोमिया के पास उपलब्ध विकल्पों पर चर्चा करें। उसे कौन सा विकल्प चुनना चाहिए?\na कल्याणकारी परियोजना से विकासात्मक परियोजनाओं के लिए वित्त के पुनर्विनियोजन में क्या नैतिक मुद्दे शामिल हैं?\nb सार्वजनिक वित्त के उचित उपयोग की आवश्यकता को देखते हुए, सोमिया के पास उपलब्ध विकल्पों पर चर्चा करें। उसे कौन सा विकल्प चुनना चाहिए?","20 अंक","250 शब्द"],[35,"(a) Ethical issues involved in re-appropriation of funds","",""],[39,"Q9 Surrogate advertising — a marketing technique that promotes a product or service restricted or banned from direct advertising, such as alcohol and tobacco, by advertising a legal product like soda, water, or music CDs from the same brand — has been around for a long time. While the practice has faced criticism in the past, it has recently gained fresh attention as several famous film stars have begun endorsing these surrogate products.\na What are the ethical concerns associated with surrogate advertising?\nb Suggest a course of action that addresses the concerns of both the stakeholders involved. Justify your answer.","20","250"],[43,"Q 10) Sneha is a Senior Manager working for a big reputed hospital chain in a mid-sized city. She has been made in charge of the new super speciality centre that the hospital is building with state-of-the-art equipment and world class medical facilities. The building has been reconstructed, and she is starting the process of procurement for various equipment and machines. As the head of the committee responsible for procurement, she has invited bids from all the interested reputed vendors dealing in medical equipment. She notices that her brother, who is a well-known supplier in this domain, has also sent his expression of interest. Since the hospital is privately owned, it is not mandatory for her to select only the lower bidder. Also, she is aware that her brother's company has been facing some financial difficulties and a big supply order will help him recover. At the same time, allocating the contract to her brother might bring charges of favoritism against her and tarnish her image. The hospital management trusts her fully and would support any decision of hers.\na What should be Sneha's course of action?\nb How would she justify what she chooses to do?\nc In this case, how is medical ethics compromised with vested personal interest?","20","250"],[46,"a) What are the options available to Utkarsh to meet the above situation? Critically examine each of the options identified by him.\nb) What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by Utkarsh?\nc) What course of action should Utkarsh adopt to diffuse the above situation?\na) What are the options available to Utkarsh to meet the above situation? Critically examine each of the options identified by him.\nb) What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by Utkarsh?\nc) What course of action should Utkarsh adopt to diffuse the above situation?","25","250"],[51,"Q12 Raman is a senior IPS officer and has recently been posted as D.G. of a state. Among the various issues and problems/challenges which need his immediate attention, the issue relating to recruitment of unemployed youth by an unknown terrorist group was a matter of grave concern. It was noted that unemployment was relatively high in the state. The problem of unemployment amongst graduates and those with higher education was much more grave. Thus, they were vulnerable and soft targets. In the review meeting taken by him with senior officers (DIG range and above), it came to light that a new terrorist group has emerged at the global level. It has launched a massive drive to recruit young unemployed people. Special focus was to pick young people from a particular community. The said organization seemed to have the clear objective of utilizing/using them for carrying out militant activities. It was also gathered that the said (new) group is desperately trying to spread its tentacles in his state. A definite/reliable intelligence tip was received by the State CID and Cyber Cell that a large number of such unemployed youth have already been contacted by the terrorist outfit/group through social media and local organizations and other contacts. The need of the hour was to act swiftly and check these elements/designs before they assume serious proportions. Discreet inquiries made by the police, through the Cyber Cell, revealed that good numbers of unemployed youth are very active on Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter. On an average, many of them were spending 6-8 hours each day, using electronic devices/internet. It also came to light that such unemployed youth were showing sympathy and endorsing the messages received from certain persons, allegedly the contact persons of the global terrorist group. Their social media accounts revealed their strong affinity to such groups inasmuch as many of them started forwarding anti-national views on their WhatsApp and Facebook. It seemed that they succumbed to their play, and started propagating secessionist ideology. Their posts were hyper-critical of the government's initiatives, policies, and subscribing to extreme beliefs and promoting extremism.\na What are the options available to Raman to tackle the above situation?\nb What measures would you suggest for strengthening the existing set-up to ensure that such groups do not succeed in penetrating and vitiating the atmosphere in the state?\nc In the above scenario, what action plan would you advise for enhancing the intelligence-gathering mechanism of the police force?","25","250"],[52,"आप आतंकवाद व्यवस्था को सशक्त करने के लिए क्या उपाय सुझाएंगे, ताकि यह सुनिश्चित किया जा सके कि ऐसे समूह राज्य व्यवस्था और माहौल खराब करने में सफल न हो सकें? साथ ही सीमा पार आतंकवाद में पुलिस बल की खुफिया जानकारी जुटाने की प्रणाली को बढ़ाने के लिए आप क्या कार्य योजना बनाएंगे?","25 अंक","25 अंक"]]},{"i":911,"t":"Yarasi Tusharika","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/YARASI-TUSHARIKAUPSC_IAS_2025_Toppers_AIR_393_Sample_MGP_3.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) What constitutes journalistic ethics? Highlight the role of media, particularly mass media, in shaping ethical values in contemporary times.","10","150"],[5,"b) Young people with ethical conduct are not willing to come forward to join active politics. Suggest steps to motivate them to come forward.","10","150"],[7,"Q.2) a) What do you understand by value conflict? Give an example from your personal life where you faced a conflict between two values. How did you resolve it?","10","150"],[9,"b) Knowledge and skills are important, but they must be grounded in ethical principles for true success. In this context, discuss the importance of ethics in education and the role of educational institutions in imparting ethical values.","10","150"],[11,"Q.3) What do the following quotes mean to you:\na) \"To worship my country as a God is to bring curse upon it.\" Rabindranath Tagore","10","150"],[13,"b) \"Your goodness is an impediment in your way, so let your eyes be red with anger, and try to fight the injustice with a firm hand.\" Sardar Patel","10","150"],[15,"c) “Nearly all men can stand adversity, but if you want to test a man’s character, give him power.” Abraham Lincoln","10","150"],[17,"Q.4) a) How does persuasion help achieve a desired change in attitude? What are the elements of an effective persuasive approach?","10","150"],[19,"b) While ethics in private and public relations may differ, their impact on one another is undeniable. Discuss with examples.","10","150"],[21,"Q.5) a) How can responsible and informed social media use be nurtured among children to make the internet a safer space for them?","10","150"],[23,"b) The philanthropy of influential personalities can serve as a catalyst for fostering ethical conduct and responsibility in society. Explain with the help of examples.","10","150"],[25,"Q.6) a) \"In an increasingly complex world, emotional intelligence is a vital skill for civil servants, enabling them to navigate challenges, engage with diverse communities, and drive positive change.\" Elaborate.","10","150"],[27,"b) Social values are more important than economic values. Discuss the above statement with examples in the context of inclusive growth of a nation.","10","150"],[29,"Q.7 You are a young and sincere employee who has recently joined a government office as an assistant to the director of your department. Being new to the workplace, you are eager to learn and grow in your role. Your superior, the director, is an experienced and intelligent person with extensive knowledge of various departments. You respect him not just for his professional skills but also for his willingness to guide and mentor you. You have built a good rapport with him and appreciate the chance to learn from such an accomplished individual.\nAs your relationship with your boss grows, he begins to rely on you more for work-related tasks. One day, due to ill health, he invites you to his home to help with some urgent work. When you reach his house and are about to ring the doorbell, you hear shouting from inside. Unsure of what to do, you pause for a moment but then decide to enter. Your boss greets you warmly and explains the work, but throughout, you are distracted by the sound of a woman crying in the background.\nInitially, you hesitate to ask about the situation, but your concern grows. Finally, you ask your boss about the noise, but his answer is vague and unsatisfactory. He quickly dismisses the matter. Although you finish the work, the unsettling environment leaves you feeling uneasy.\nThe next day, you discreetly inquire at the office and learn more about the situation. You discover that, despite your boss's calm and professional demeanour at work, he is abusive toward his wife at home. His wife is a simple woman, not highly educated, and suffers from regular domestic violence. This information shocks you, as it conflicts with the positive image you had of him based on your interactions at work.\nThis knowledge puts you in a difficult moral dilemma: On one hand, you respect your boss for his guidance, intelligence, and professionalism. On the other hand, you are aware of his unethical behaviour at home, which violates basic human rights and ethical principles. You struggle to reconcile the two sides of his character, finding it hard to balance your professional relationship with the awareness of his abusive actions at home.\na Under the given conditions, what are the options available to you? Evaluate each of the options listed by you.\nb What course of action would you adopt and why?","20","250"],[33,"Q.8) Gaurav is traveling with his wife and children in their car on a busy Sunday evening. The road is packed with traffic, and the vehicles are barely moving. As they inch forward, Gaurav notices a biker trying to weave through the congested road. In his attempt, the biker accidentally collides with an SUV that is illegally parked in a No Parking Zone. The impact causes the rear-view mirror of the SUV to break, injuring the biker, who starts bleeding profusely.\nHearing the loud noise, the owner of the SUV, a local councillor, rushes out of his car in a rage. Furious about the damage, the councillor grabs a metal rod and starts hitting the injured biker. The situation quickly escalates as the councillor vents his anger on the defenceless, bleeding biker. The sight of the violence shocks Gaurav, who is watching from his car.\nInstinctively, Gaurav feels the urge to intervene and help the biker, who is being mercilessly beaten. However, as he opens his car door and takes a step forward, his wife stops him. She reminds him of the danger in confronting someone as powerful as the local councillor, especially when Gaurav is unarmed. She points out the risks of standing up to him and the possible consequences that could put their family in harm's way. With their children in the car and the councillor's aggressive behaviour, her concerns about safety seem valid to Gaurav.\nHis wife further points out that despite the number of people witnessing the incident, none of them are stepping forward to help. She questions why Gaurav should risk his safety when no one else is willing to take action. This argument adds to Gaurav's growing sense of hesitation, as he sees others choosing to remain bystanders, unwilling to intervene in the dangerous situation.\nGaurav glances around from his car window and notices a police constable standing near the scene. For a moment, he feels relieved, hoping that the officer will intervene to stop the violence. However, to his dismay, the officer remains passive, merely watching the councillor continue his assault without stepping in to help. This leaves Gaurav even more conflicted about what to do.\na. Discuss the ethical issues involved in this case.\nb. What are the reasons behind rise of road rage incidents in the country?\nc. Suggest measures to reduce incidents of road rage and promote responsible behaviour in public spaces.","20","250"],[34,"a. इस मामले में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा करें।\nb. देश में सड़क पर रोष की घटनाओं में वृद्धि के पीछे क्या कारण हैं?\nc. सड़क पर रोष की घटनाओं को कम करने और सार्वजनिक स्थानों पर उत्तरदायी व्यवहार को बढ़ावा देने के उपाय सुझाएँ।","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[35,"(b) Reasons behind rise of road rage accidents in the country","",""],[38,"Q.9 Diya is a first-year student studying political science in a metropolitan city. She belongs to a small village in a rural region. Although Diya cherishes her ancestral home, she has limited knowledge about the socio-cultural aspects of the area. One day, while talking to her father, Diya expresses her desire to visit her ancestral place. Her father readily agrees and advises her to inform her paternal uncle about her travel plans. On the destined day, Diya arrives at her village to a grand welcome organized by her uncle. Later in the day, he informs Diya that they are all to attend a marriage function in the village. At the function, while having dinner, Diya notices the preparations for the celebration. She overhears discussions among attendees about the dowry being offered for the bride. Diya learns that substantial amounts of money and gifts are expected from the bride's family, creating a financial burden that can lead to significant distress. Curious, she engages in conversation with her aunt, who explains the pressures faced by families regarding dowry. Her aunt mentions that many families feel compelled to meet these demands, as failing to do so can result in social stigma and even violence against the bride. The next day, while walking through the village, Diya sees a group of women discussing the dowry they have arranged for their daughters. They express their fears about not being able to meet the expectations of the groom's family. Diya is taken aback by how deeply ingrained these practices are, realizing that some families even go into debt or sell property to fulfil dowry demands. Though Diya leaves for her home a few days later, the incidents in the village leave an indelible mark on her psyche. As a political science student, she realizes that such practices are blatant violations of women's rights and dignity. However, she struggles to comprehend why such deeply entrenched societal norms continue to persist. The events she witnessed are not isolated incidents but rather a common phenomenon in many parts of the country, even today.\na. What are the ethical issues involved in the case?\nb. Why do such discriminatory practices continue in the society? What role can youth like Diya play in checking such practices?","20","250"],[39,"(a) Ethical issues involved in the case","",""],[42,"Q.10) In a southern Indian state, a globally renowned high end mobile manufacturing company advertised job vacancies, attracting many hopeful applicants. Among them were two sisters from a nearby village who applied after seeing advertisements on WhatsApp. Upon arrival at the factory's main gate, a security guard met them and asked a series of questions, including an inquiry about their marital status. After confirming that they were married, they were informed that they could not proceed further. No explanation was provided, leaving them confused and disappointed. Back in their village, the sisters reflected on their experience and felt dismayed at being denied an opportunity without a clear reason. Even the auto-rickshaw driver who took them to the facility had hinted that married women might not be hired, yet they still hoped for a fair chance. Subsequent investigations by a prominent international news agency revealed a pattern at the manufacturing facility where married women were systematically excluded from employment opportunities. This practice was not officially documented but was communicated verbally to recruitment agencies responsible for hiring. The revelations sparked significant media uproar, drawing public attention to the issue. The Union Labour Ministry also took cognizance of the situation and sought a report from the state government regarding these discriminatory hiring practices. Unfortunately, such discriminatory practices are not uncommon in various parts of the world, reflecting broader issues of gender attitudes that persist in many societies.\na. Discuss the ethical issues involved in the case study.\nb. What can be the underlying reasons for discriminatory attitudes toward hiring married women by the company?\nc. How can organizations promote gender equity in their hiring practices?","20","20"],[46,"Q.11 Ramesh has been appointed as the Municipal Commissioner of a coastal city that is grappling with the recurring problem of flooding. Over the years, these floods have led to significant loss of life and extensive property damage, raising serious concerns among residents and policymakers alike. In response to this persistent challenge, Ramesh is committed to finding effective solutions. To identify and address the root causes of the flooding, he established an expert committee tasked with analyzing the situation comprehensively and proposing actionable recommendations. Following extensive and thorough field surveys, the committee identified two primary factors contributing to the city's increasing vulnerability to floods. The first factor is the degradation of wetlands, which serve as critical natural buffers against flooding and play a vital role in maintaining the ecological balance. The second factor is the illegal encroachments on the flood plains of seasonal streams. These encroachments have significantly reduced the streams' ability to carry water, increasing the risk of flooding. In light of these findings, the committee proposed two major interventions: the restoration of wetlands and the removal of unauthorized encroachments on the flood plains. These actions are aimed at effectively restoring the city's natural drainage system and mitigating future flood risks. Ramesh recognizes the necessity of implementing these measures to ensure the city's long-term safety and resilience against flooding. However, he is also aware of the potential human cost associated with these interventions. The illegal structures in question are inhabited by marginalized migrant laborers, and their removal would render many families homeless, significantly impacting their livelihoods. Despite his personal reservations regarding the social implications of these actions, Ramesh feels compelled to proceed with the committee's recommendations, as he believes they are essential for preventing future disasters. Subsequently, the operation to remove encroachments was launched with the deployment of a police force to ensure safety and order throughout the process. As the clearance of encroachments commenced, the affected residents expressed their opposition vigorously. Protests escalated into violent confrontations, resulting in assaults on officers and vandalism of government vehicles. The situation quickly deteriorated. When the police attempted to disperse the crowd, a stampede ensued. Tragically, this chaos resulted in the deaths of two elderly men. As the in-charge of the situation, Ramesh feels that these lives could have been saved if he had acted differently.\na. Identify the various value conflicts faced by Ramesh in his role as Municipal Commissioner.\nb. Analyze the decision to remove unauthorized encroachments on the flood plains from an ethical perspective.\nc. If you were in Ramesh's position and in charge of the situation, how would you have approached the challenges presented by the encroachment clearance and the resulting protests?","20","250"],[47,"a. नगर आयुक्त के रूप में रमेश द्वारा सामना किए गए विभिन्न मूल्य संघर्षों की पहचान करें।\nb. बांध के मैदानों पर अनधिकृत अतिक्रमण हटाने के निर्णय का नैतिक दृष्टिकोण से विश्लेषण करें।\nc. यदि आप रमेश की स्थिति में होते और स्थिति के प्रभारी होते, तो अतिक्रमण हटाने और उसके परिणामस्वरूप होने वाले विरोध प्रदर्शनों से उत्पन्न चुनौतियों का आप किस प्रकार सामना करते?\na नगर आयुक्त के रूप में रमेश द्वारा सामना किए गए विभिन्न मूल्य संघर्षों की पहचान करें।\nb बांध के मैदानों पर अनधिकृत अतिक्रमण हटाने के निर्णय का नैतिक दृष्टिकोण से विश्लेषण करें।\nc यदि आप रमेश की स्थिति में होते और स्थिति के प्रभारी होते, तो अतिक्रमण हटाने और उसके परिणामस्वरूप होने वाले विरोध प्रदर्शनों से उत्पन्न चुनौतियों का आप किस प्रकार सामना करते?","20 अंक","250 शब्द"],[51,"Q.12 Prashant works in a multinational company in a metropolitan city and is visiting his native village during his holiday. While reading the newspaper at home, he came across a distressing news article about a newlywed couple who tragically died in a road accident. Their motorcycle lost control and crashed into a roadside boulder. The police report indicated that none of the riders were wearing helmets, emphasizing that their fatal head injuries could have been avoided had they used this critical safety equipment.\nA few days later, Prashant and his five friends from the village decided to take a road trip to the hills of a neighboring state on their two-wheelers. While riding through urban areas, all the friends wore their helmets, and Prashant felt proud that they prioritized road safety. However, once they entered rural areas, Prashant noticed that everyone removed their helmets almost immediately. He found this behavior puzzling. When he inquired about it, his friends explained that helmet use is strictly enforced in urban areas, where violations can result in hefty fines. In contrast, enforcement is lax in rural areas. As an aware citizen who values road safety and adherence to regulations, Prashant is conscious of the importance of following safety protocols, including helmet use. Concerned for their safety, he encouraged his friends to keep their helmets on. He explained that one should wear helmets not just because it is a legal requirement, but for one's own safety, as helmets significantly reduce the risk of serious injury or death in the event of an accident. Upon hearing this, Prashant's friends teased him, suggesting that he had become too influenced by urban attitudes.\nWhile riding through a scenic area, they passed by a deep gorge and witnessed a motorcycle accident where a rider lost control and crashed into the ravine. The sight was alarming and reminded Prashant of the news article he had read. Once again, he urged his friends to wear their helmets. This time, his friends grew irritated and dismissed Prashant's concerns as unnecessary fear. Prashant recognized that they held a prevailing negative attitude toward wearing helmets, seeing them as an imposition rather than a safeguard.\na Why is there a negative attitude among people regarding wearing helmets?\nb What measures can be taken to bring about positive changes in this attitude?","20","20"],[56,"When must you seek mentorship?","",""]]},{"i":1062,"t":"Yashini Nagarajan","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1OXuZtA6iHvOTpJRiLPQkTZXA9ZgLprsY/view","q":[[1,"Q.1 to Q.13 Q.1) Indian ethics teach moderation as a moral standard. Examine. (10 Marks, 150 Words)\n\nQ.2) What do you understand by the concept of ‘altruistic-hedonism’? Discuss in the context of public ethics. (10 Marks, 150 Words)\n\nQ.3) Socratic concept of “Ethical dying” is a principled leave-taking from life. Compare and contrast it with the Gandhian concept of Satyagraha and Non-violence. (10 Marks, 150 Words)\n\nQ.4) “Great leaders not only possess Interpersonal intelligence but also Intrapersonal intelligence.” Comment. (10 Marks, 150 Words)\n\nQ.5) Value conflicts are common in the public sphere of life to everyone and a public servant is not an exception to this. What are the common value conflicts that a public servant faces? How can a public servant overcome those value conflicts? (10 Marks, 150 Words)\n\nQ.6) Probity is the synthesis of Integrity and fortitude. Examine. Does Integrity imply complete refusal to compromise? (10 Marks, 150 Words)\n\nQ.7) Social Influence and Persuasion focus on ways in which behaviour of a group or an individual is influenced by outside factors. Explain how it can help in convincing people to work towards collective good? (10 Marks, 150 Words)\n\nQ.8) The greatest discovery of all time is that a person can change his future by merely changing his attitude. What is the importance of attitude in one’s life? What important role does attitude play in one’s success? Elaborate. (10 Marks, 150 Words)\n\nQ.9) “In matters of conscience, the law of majority has no place.\" Do you agree? Substantiate with Example. (10 Marks, 150 Words)\n\nQ.10) “We are what we repeatedly do. Excellence, then, is not an act, but a habit.” Elaborate this Aristotelian ethics with examples. (10 Marks, 150 Words)\n\nQ.11) “Civil Service is not about absolute impartiality but is about partiality towards justice.” Examine. (10 Marks, 150 Words)\n\nQ.12) Discuss the menace of corruption in public life. Also critically examine the measures taken for ensuring probity in governance. (10 Marks, 150 Words)\n\nQ.13) What is the present perception of public administration in the view of the general public? How can we reconcile “public” and “administration”? (10 Marks, 150 Words)","10","150"],[2,"Q.14 Government of India decided to come up with a plan to de-radicalise youths, influenced by extremist groups to join their terror outfits. Under this plan, a separate department was established under Home ministry. You are assigned a senior position in a newly created department. The department, thus created, was responsible for monitoring, counselling and rehabilitation of youths who were apprehended on their way to join terror outfit. Afterwards they were returned to their family members and were given an opportunity to start afresh.\n\nOne such incident comes to your notice where Mr. X who is a doctor by profession and was returned to his family members. He was intercepted and apprehended by security agency in Turkey while on his way to join ISIS in Iraq. However, after his rehabilitation, Mr. X found it difficult to adjust. No one was ready to hire him. He and his family witnessed nearly a social boycott.\n\nYou are the officer designated to monitor the progress of Mr. X. You received a credible intelligence report that owing to lack of social support and promising future prospects, once again he is in touch with terror outfit. You reported the whole matter to your immediate senior who shrugged it off and replied that Mr. X deserves this treatment owing to his misplaced allegiance and mistake. He ordered you to stay quiet and let Mr. X go about his business and, makes a promise that if he makes moves to join terrorist organisation, he will be arrested and put in jail.\na) Would you adhere to your senior's order? Give reason(s) for your choice.\nb) What are the ethical dilemmas before you? How will you resolve these?","20","250"],[3,"Q.16 A social audit was conducted by a reputed national institution for all state funded shelter home for girls in your district. The audit has pointed towards possible sexual abuse of girls living in a particular shelter house located in posh locality near district headquarters. The shelter home is run an influential person who has political connections with big politicians and has a good influence on government officials including district child protection officer. It is in the news that district child protection officer is involved in the case as an accomplice with shelter home owner. Also news is coming of involvement of politicians and government officials in the case. An FIR has also been registered by the auditing institution with the nearest police station.\na. As the district magistrate, what actions will be taken by you in the case? Also provide the objective behind the actions taken by you.\nb. The investigating officer of the case have cited the political pressure on him due to the ongoing investigation of the case. Also as the District magistrate, you are also getting frequent calls from influential persons pertaining to investigation for removing their names from investigation. What measures will be taken by you to ensure free and fair investigation without any influence?\nc. Discuss the safeguards that should be put in place to make sure that such cases do not occur in the future.","20","250"],[4,"Q.18 You are the Chief of District Transport department, who issues registrations for motor vehicles. The office is plagued with corruption, delays and arbitrariness. Some of the citizens complained that the absence of citizen charter in the office is the reason for all the other issues. You have decided to draw a citizen charter for the office. Your seniors and subordinates are also ready to support you in this regard with capacities, facilities etc.\na. Draw out a citizen charter for your organization and list out its merits.\nb. What are the difficulties you think could occur in implementing the charter?","20","250"]]},{"i":912,"t":"Yashvi Jain","c":"Forumias","p":"Essay","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/YASHVI_JAIN_UPSC_IAS_2025_Toppers_AIR_97_Sample_ESSAY_Copy_2.pdf","q":[[3,"2. To be content with little is difficult; to be content with much, impossible.","",""],[7,"How can one be content in less when one has potential to achieve more?","",""],[16,"1. True peace is not merely the absence of tension; it is the presence of justice.\n2. The saddest aspect of life right now is that science gathers knowledge faster than society gathers wisdom.\n3. Human development suffers when interdependence is mismanaged.\n4. No one can make you feel inferior without your consent.","",""]]},{"i":914,"t":"Yashvi Jain","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/YASHVI_JAIN_UPSC_IAS_2025_Toppers_AIR_97_Sample_MGP_Copy_3.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) Examine the scope and significance of the Supreme Court's advisory jurisdiction under Article 143 of the Constitution.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) What is delimitation, and why is it important? What challenges are associated with the delimitation exercise in India?","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) How has asymmetric federalism helped India accommodate its diverse regional needs? Discuss with suitable examples.","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) Explain how the terms 'socialist' and 'secular' in the Preamble embody specific meanings in the Indian context.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) The role of State Finance Commissions in building regional equity and strengthening the federal link has largely been underutilized. Discuss.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) How far do you think has the National Commission for Protection of Child Rights (NCPCR) been successful in protecting and promoting child rights in India?","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) Outline the salient features of New Education Policy (NEP) 2020 related to school education. What does it state about the medium of instruction in schools?","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) Throw light on the legal frameworks that are in place to ensure women's safety in India. What further steps are needed to enhance their safety and well-being?","10","150"],[19,"Q.9 \"A multipolar world order is not merely an option but a necessity\". Elaborate. How can India leverage its position to strengthen multipolarity in the global arena?","10","150"],[21,"Q.10 \"ASEAN is the cornerstone of India's Act East Policy and its Indo-Pacific vision.\" Elucidate.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11) Discuss the various administrative challenges faced by local self-governments (LSGs). What measures do you suggest for devolving administrative powers to LSGs, enabling them to function as institutions of genuine self-governance?","15","250"],[26,"Q.12 In light of recent developments, the Collegium system and the Supreme Court's decision to strike down the National Judicial Appointments Commission (NJAC) Act, 2014 have once again come under scrutiny. Do you think that a NJAC-like body can make judicial appointments more transparent, broad-based, and accountable? Justify your answer.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 Differentiate between the clemency powers of the Presidents of India and the USA. Also, critically examine the vesting of clemency power in the executive.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14) What constitutes corrupt practices under the Representation of the People Act, 1951? Also, discuss the challenges in curbing such malpractices and suggest remedial measures.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 Discuss the role of the Vice-President as the Chairman of the Rajya Sabha. Also describe the procedure for his/her removal from office.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16 \"Universal Basic Income (UBI) is a viable solution to eradicate extreme poverty in India.\" Critically discuss the statement","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 What are the key determinants of malnutrition among under-five children in the country? Also, elaborate on the role of nutrition-specific and nutrition-sensitive interventions in addressing this issue.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18 \"Data is the raw material of Artificial Intelligence.\" In this context, discuss the need for transparent and accountable data governance frameworks in India. What steps has the government taken in this regard?","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 Critically examine the role of International Monetary Fund (IMF) in addressing debt distress in the Global South. How can India use its post-G20 presidency momentum to push IMF reforms?","15","250"],[50,"Q.20) \"In a fluid geopolitical arena engagement without formal endorsement is a pragmatic middle path.\" Do you agree? Explain in the context of India's current approach towards the Taliban regime in Afghanistan.","15","250"]]},{"i":915,"t":"Yashvi Jain","c":"Forumias","p":"GS3","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/YASHVI_JAIN_UPSC_IAS_2025_Toppers_AIR_97_Sample_MGP_Copy_4.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) What is a 'Census'? Discuss the importance of Census for the economy and policy making.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Assess the role of NITI Aayog over the past decade in transforming the country's approach to planning and development.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3) Discuss various measures taken by the Government to strengthen the Cooperative movement and ensure \"Sahakar Se Samriddhi\".","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) India remains significantly dependent on imports to meet its pulses demand. Examine the key challenges in achieving self-reliance in pulses. Also, mention the major government initiatives taken in this regard.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) What is a 'Black box'? Explain its significance in flight safety and airplane crash investigations.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) How does NISAR mission exemplify international cooperation in space exploration and scientific research? In what ways will it help in climate change monitoring and natural hazard management?","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) While oceans are considered among mankind's best allies in the fight against climate change, they are themselves heavily impacted by the same. Discuss.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) \"Disasters cannot be managed by a single agency, department, or ministry on its own. It requires a whole-of-government and whole-of-society approach.\" Elucidate.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9 The convergence of organized crime and terrorism presents a formidable challenge to the country's internal security. Analyse.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10 In an era of complex security challenges, examine the ways in which the private sector can contribute to strengthening India's internal security.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11) Recently, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) announced a transfer of surplus to the Union Government for the financial year 2024-25. What does surplus mean in this context? How does the RBI generate it, and what is its significance for the country's fiscal policy?","15","250"],[26,"Q.12 Examine the role of Public-Private Partnership (PPP) model in the development of ports in India.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 \"Legalizing the Minimum Support Price (MSP) would create more challenges than it resolves.\" Comment.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 Why does India's agricultural export performance remain weak despite high production levels? What measures would you suggest to improve agri-export competitiveness?","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 How the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) can help India in its socio-economic development? Identify the hurdles in its large-scale adoption and suggest corrective measures.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16) What is a Geographical Indication (GI)? What are the legal frameworks governing it? How does it differ from a trademark? How can GI infringement be tackled?","15","250"],[41,"Q.17 \"Mangroves contribute significantly to the coastal economy and ecology, but they are threatened by numerous factors\" Elaborate. Also, state the measures taken by the government for mangrove conservation and restoration.","15","250"],[44,"Q.18) What is oil pollution? What are its impacts on the marine ecosystem? In what way is oil pollution particularly harmful for a country like India?","15","250"],[47,"Q.19 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have become an integral aspect of modern conflict and warfare, employed by both state and non-state actors. Discuss its implications for India's security architecture and state the measures being taken to address them. Also suggest other steps to tackle the threats emanating from UAVs.","15","250"],[50,"Q.20) Maritime security challenges are complex, driven by both conventional and non-conventional threats. In this context, discuss the key maritime security challenges in India. Also, highlight the measures taken by the government in this regard.","15","250"],[54,"When must you seek mentorship?","",""]]},{"i":913,"t":"Yashvi Jain","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/YASHVI_JAIN_UPSC_IAS_2025_Toppers_AIR_97_Sample_MGP_Copy_1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) 'Unconscious biases in parenting continue to shape gendered experiences in India.' Do you agree with this view? Discuss.","10","150"],[5,"b) Distinguish between empathy and compassion. Why are they considered as foundational values in public services?","10","150"],[7,"Q.2) a) The current society is witnessing rising levels of intolerance. What are the consequences of this situation for personal well-being and for societal well-being? What can one do at the personal level to become tolerant?","10","150"],[9,"b) What are the main components of emotional intelligence and how does it help an individual in taking ethical decisions?","10","150"],[11,"Q.3) Given below are the three quotations of great thinkers. What do each of these quotations convey to you in the present context?\na) \"This life is short, the vanities of the world are transient, but they alone live who live for others, the rest are more dead than alive.\" - Swami Vivekanand","10","150"],[13,"b) \"If you cry because the sun has gone out of your life, your tears will prevent you from seeing the stars.\" - Rabindranath Tagore","10","150"],[15,"c) \"Two ways of building character - cultivating strength to challenge oppression, and tolerate the resultant hardships that give rise to courage and awareness.\" - Sardar Patel","10","150"],[17,"Q.4) a) \"With great power comes great responsibility.\" In the present context, 'Big Tech' headquartered in developed countries wield disproportionate influence over digital infrastructure, personal data, and global narratives — often prioritising profit over ethical considerations. What ethical principles should guide such corporations in building a fair, inclusive, and just global digital framework?","10","150"],[19,"b) What do you understand by the term 'crisis of conscience'? Describe an incident from your life where you experienced such a crisis. How did you deal with it?","10","150"],[21,"Q.5) a) \"A politics of confession that encourages politicians and parties to confess and offer regret for their errors can surely be a cathartic experience.\" Examine the statement from the ethical point of view.","10","150"],[23,"b) What are the key objectives of the Right to Information Act, 2005? Examine the ethical concerns associated with certain provisions of the Digital Personal Data Protection Act in realizing the objectives of the RTI Act.","10","150"],[25,"Q.6) a) Public spaces serve as arenas of democratic participation and civic expression. Yet in India, they remain deeply gendered, with many women largely confined to the private and domestic sphere. Examine the factors that restrict women's access to public spaces. How can ethical governance help address the issue of gendered spatial control and promote inclusivity in public spaces?","10","150"],[27,"b) Write short notes on the following in 30 words each:\ni) Ethical fading\nii) Conflict of interest\niii) Persuasion\niv) Work culture\nv) Corporate governance","10 marks, 150","30 words each"],[29,"Q.7) A State Government in the northeastern part of the country has launched a series of anti-encroachment drives across forest areas, wetlands, and revenue lands. Under the directions of the Chief Minister, the administration has intensified efforts to reclaim public land, particularly in areas reserved for ecological protection and critical infrastructure development. Most of the time, these actions have been backed by court orders and have resulted in the recovery of thousands of hectares of land. However, in certain regions, the implementation of such drives is fraught with social and political complexities. In several districts, settlements have existed for decades and are inhabited by marginalized communities with limited access to legal rights or formal rehabilitation measures. These areas are often politically sensitive and influenced by local leaders and pressure groups. Simanta is posted as Additional Deputy Commissioner (ADC) in one such district. Over the past year, the district administration has attempted to align eviction measures with welfare outreach, including the provision of temporary shelters, relocation assistance, and public consultations. Recently, a major operation was scheduled to clear encroachments from over 140 hectares of forest land within a Reserved Forest, primarily to curb rising instances of human-elephant conflict and to restore ecological balance. Anticipating eviction, some residents approached the High Court seeking a stay. However, the court refused to grant it and directed the administration to proceed with the eviction following due process. Notices were served, and a detailed roadmap was prepared to carry out the operation, which was expected to last 2-3 days due to the scale and remote location. On the first day, Simanta led a team comprising forest officials, municipal workers, and police personnel. Demolitions were conducted peacefully and without major resistance. However, on the second day, when the team returned to the site, a large group of agitated residents (primarily women and children) had gathered. They raised slogans and formed human chains to prevent further evictions. The atmosphere grew tense when some individuals began throwing stones, resulting in serious injury to a municipal worker. The crowd grew increasingly volatile and emotionally charged, demanding an immediate halt to the operation. The police contingent present on the ground was outnumbered by the crowd. Faced with this crisis, some team members pleaded with Simanta to call off the operation fearing threats to their life and the possibility of a violent escalation. Simanta attempted to contact his superior officer (the Deputy Commissioner), but due to poor mobile connectivity in the forested area, communication could not be established. Meanwhile, several local journalists had arrived and begun reporting on the incident. Simanta is in a dilemma as to what to do.\na Evaluate the options available with Simanta to cope with the situation.\nb Which of the above options would be the most appropriate for Simanta and why?\nc What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by Simanta?\nd Examine the qualities of a public servant which will be required to manage such situations.","20","250"],[30,"a. स्थिति से निपटने के लिए सिमंता के पास उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन करें।\nb. सिमंता के लिए सबसे उपयुक्त होगा और क्यों?\nc. सिमंता को किन नैतिक दुविधाओं का सामना करना पड़ रहा है?\nd. ऐसी परिस्थितियों का प्रबंधन करने के लिए एक लोक सेवक के गुणों का परीक्षण करें।\na स्थिति से निपटने के लिए सिमंता के पास उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन करें।\nb सिमंता के लिए सबसे उपयुक्त होगा और क्यों?\nc सिमंता को किन नैतिक दुविधाओं का सामना करना पड़ रहा है?\nd ऐसी परिस्थितियों का प्रबंधन करने के लिए एक लोक सेवक के गुणों का परीक्षण करें।","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[34,"Q.8 Megha is a first-year sociology student at a reputed college in the national capital. She is originally from Tadchiroli, a tribal village in a western Indian state. Megha's family migrated to the city when she was seven years old and had not visited their village since. Though Megha has fond memories of her childhood there, she never deeply understood the customs and traditions of the region. One day, Megha expresses her wish to visit Tadchiroli. Her father agrees and asks her to inform Ratan, her paternal uncle, who still lives in the village with his family. Megha informs Ratan and travels to the village during a semester break. Upon arrival, she receives a warm welcome from Ratan and his family. Later, Ratan invites her to attend a local festival. During the event, Megha notices that her cousin Rinki is missing. Curious, she asks Ratan's wife Ratna why Rinki is not at the festival. Ratna explains that Rinki is on her period, and as per tradition, menstruating girls must stay separately in small huts built specifically for the purpose. Locally known as 'kurma ghars', they are generally located on the periphery of the village, near a river or pond. She further adds that these girls are not allowed to enter the main house or participate in any social or religious activities. Megha is taken aback. She asks whether all women follow this practice. Ratna nods and says it has been the custom for generations. Even schoolgirls stay in these huts and miss classes during their periods. Ratna admits that many in the village, including herself, never questioned the practice. The explanation unsettles Megha. She finds it hard to believe that a natural biological function leads to such exclusion. Before returning to the city, Megha observes that even educated family members seem to accept and follow these customs. The experience leaves a deep impact on her. She starts reading more about menstrual taboos and their impact on women's health, dignity, and education. As a sociology student, she recognises how such traditions are linked to patriarchy and social stigma. She begins to reflect on what she can do at her level to improve the current situation, without alienating the community or disrespecting its traditions.\na. Suggest a course of action Megha can take to sensitize her village community without appearing disrespectful or confrontational.\nb. What ethical principles and methods should guide her actions while engaging with the community?\nc. How is menstruation related to human rights?","20","250"],[35,"a. मेघा द्वारा अपने गांव के समुदाय को असम्मानजनक या टकरावपूर्ण व्यवहार किए बिना संवेदनशील बनाने के लिए अपनाई जा सकने वाली कार्यवाही का सुझाव दीजिए।\nb. समुदाय के साथ जुड़ते समय उसके कार्यों को किन नैतिक सिद्धांतों और तरीकों से निर्देशित किया जाना चाहिए?\nc. मासिक धर्म मानव अधिकारों से किस प्रकार संबंधित है?","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[39,"Q.9 a. Can you think of a rational way to resolve this dilemma?\nb. Give your reasons for it.\nc. What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\na Can you think of a rational way to resolve this dilemma?\nb Give your reasons for it.\nc What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?","20","250"],[40,"The above case study presents with the dilemma of right to safe adequate housing (Article 21) v/s need to follow the rules of regulation leading to a regulatory cholestrol necessitating quick decision making to avoid inclusion & exclusion errors.\n(a) Rational way to resolve Dilemma\n1) Contact seniors at higher levels & explain the scenario to them asking their suggestion in dealing with situation.\n2) Communicate and address the grievance of Gopal & reassuring him towards working towards an effective solution.\n3) Fill out the application for Gopal and process them while also applying for his documents to be genuine via appropriate channels.","",""],[44,"Q.10 You are working as an Assistant Section Officer in the District Development and Panchayat Office. One day, one of your close colleagues approaches you in deep distress. She tells you that her father is suffering from a severe liver condition and the doctors have clearly stated that he must undergo liver transplant immediately in order to survive. She shares that she has no health insurance, and the surgery would cost around Rs 15 lakh. You are aware that her husband passed away a few years ago, and that she also has a four-year-old son with special needs. Just a few weeks ago, she also lost all her savings in a digital arrest scam. As a widow from a lower middle-class family, her options are extremely limited. Although you feel deeply empathetic, you are unable to offer financial assistance, as you do not have the resources to help.\nA few weeks later, you enquire about her father's health. She informs you that the liver transplant surgery was successful and that her father is now recovering steadily. Relieved, you ask how she managed to arrange the funds. Hesitantly, she confides that the District Development and Panchayat Officer (DDPO) helped her. Moved by her situation, the DDPO facilitated the release of Rs 15 lakh from the fund allocated to a rural sanitation scheme. The implementation of this scheme had been put on hold for a year due to technical issues and pending site approvals. She explains that the amount was provided on the assurance of strict confidentiality and with a commitment to repay it at the earliest. She expresses deep gratitude for the DDPO's timely help, which she believes saved her father's life. She has already begun repaying the money and will continue to do so until it is all returned.\na Discuss the ethical issues involved in the case.\nb Examine the behavior of DPDO from an ethical point of view.\nc How would you react to the situation?","20","250"],[49,"Q.11) Nithin is the head of the Marketing Department at Pehnava Clothings Ltd., a reputed apparel manufacturing company with a strong global presence. Known for its professionalism and consistent performance, the company had earned a credible name in both domestic and international markets. However, the firm was going through difficult times. For three consecutive quarters, it had witnessed a steep decline in sales. This trend had raised serious concerns among the top management regarding the company's competitiveness, profitability, and long-term stability. To address the situation, the leadership decided to restructure the marketing division and bring in dynamic leadership. A senior marketing executive, Mr. A, was hired after a rigorous selection process. He had an impressive career record and was known for turning around sales performance in other firms and building strong brand identities. With high expectations placed upon him, Mr. A was seen as the key figure to steer the company out of crisis. Mr. A soon began delivering results. Within a year, the company's revenue had almost doubled, and its brand visibility had increased significantly. His bold marketing strategies, proactive outreach, and innovative campaigns received appreciation from various quarters within the company. His performance drew the attention of the top management. There were deliberations about assigning him a larger role within the company, with a focus on long-term business strategy. He was also being considered for an internal award for 'Excellence in Leadership and Innovation'. However, alongside professional success of Mr. A, Nithin began receiving troubling feedback about his conduct in the workplace. Informal reports indicated that he frequently made inappropriate comments about women. In addition, he regularly sent indecent messages via social media apps to all team members, including his female colleagues. Although no formal complaint was lodged initially, Nithin could sense tension within the team, and signs of discomfort were becoming increasingly apparent. Some employees even started avoiding direct interaction with Mr. A. Team morale and interpersonal trust were gradually eroding, but employees remained hesitant to speak openly. The matter escalated one evening when Mrs. X, one of Mr. A's team members approached Nithin. Visibly disturbed and emotionally shaken, she disclosed that Mr. A had repeatedly engaged in inappropriate behavior towards her. She added that Mr. A had been making undesirable advances towards her and had even tried to touch her inappropriately in his cabin. She urged Nithin to take appropriate action in the matter, or else she would have no option but to resign from her position.\na. Bring out the ethical issues involved in this case.\nb. What are the options available to Nithin?\nc. Critically examine each of the options identified by Nithin.\nd. Which of the options, do you think, would be more appropriate for Nithin to adopt and why?","20","250"],[50,"a. इस मामले में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों को स्पष्ट करें।\nb. नितिन के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\nc. नितिन द्वारा पहचाने गए प्रत्येक विकल्प का आलोचनात्मक परीक्षण करें।\nd. नितिन के लिए कौन सा विकल्प अपनाना अधिक उपयुक्त होगा और क्यों?","","20 अंक"],[55,"Q.12) You are appointed as an officer heading the Air Quality Compliance Division of the Environment Pollution Control Board in Delhi-NCR. The region is witnessing alarming levels of air pollution, which typically worsen during the winter months due to various meteorological and anthropogenic factors. The situation has led to severe public health concerns, particularly affecting vulnerable groups such as the elderly, children, and those with respiratory illnesses. The Supreme Court has also raised serious concern over the deteriorating air quality in Delhi-NCR and has directed the administration to take immediate and effective measures to control pollution, especially during the winter months. Your jurisdiction has a large number of small and medium-scale industries that were granted environmental clearance over the years. These industries form the backbone of the local economy and provide employment to a significant number of migrant workers. However, recent inspections and air quality monitoring reports indicate that a significant number of these units are operating in violation of prescribed air emission norms. As part of targeted measures to curb air pollution, you issued notices to all identified polluting units, directing them to apply for fresh environmental clearance certificates from the competent authority. However, your decision triggered strong opposition from a section of industrial units, labour unions, and local politicians. Industrial owners argued that such action would lead to production shutdowns, financial losses, and shortages of their products in the market. Labour unions and workers also protested, fearing mass unemployment and livelihood insecurity. Local politicians and vested interests accused you of jeopardising the socio-economic stability of the region. You received representations from various quarters urging you to withdraw the notices and not initiate harsh measures, citing the interests of multiple stakeholders. Additionally, you began receiving anonymous threats, aimed at coercing you into reversing your decision. On the other hand, several of your colleagues supported your stance, encouraging you to act in the larger public interest. Several local NGOs and environmental groups rallied behind your actions, demanding the immediate closure of polluting units.\na. Under the given conditions, what are the options available to you?\nb. Critically evaluate each of the options listed by you.\nc. What are the ethical dilemmas being faced by you?","20","250"],[56,"The above case present with issue of environmental ethics needing balancing with industrial growth & development which are needed for economic growth, human development & national prosperity\n(a) Option which are available to me\n(i) Repeat the order for environmental clearance being renewed.","",""],[61,"When must you seek mentorship?","",""]]},{"i":916,"t":"Yashvi Jain","c":"Forumias","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/YASHVI_JAIN_UPSC_IAS_2025_Toppers_AIR_97_Sample_MGP_Copy_5.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) a) The increasing use of digital surveillance technologies for maintaining law and order is a debatable issue. Critically examine the statement from the ethical point of view.","10","150"],[5,"b) Knowledge and skills are important, but they must be grounded in ethical principles for true success. In this context, discuss the importance of ethics in education and the role of educational institutions in imparting ethical values.","10","150"],[7,"Q.2) a) How does persuasion help achieve a desired change in attitude? What are the elements of an effective persuasive approach?","10","150"],[9,"b) While scientific research drives technological progress and societal development, its funding often raises ethical questions. What ethical concerns arise from corporate sponsorship of scientific research, and how can these be addressed?","10","150"],[11,"Q.3) Given below are three quotations of great thinkers. What do each of these quotations convey to you in the present context?\na) \"Where do the evils like corruption arise from? It comes from the never-ending greed. The fight for corruption-free ethical society will have to be fought against this greed and replace it with 'what can I give' spirit.\" - A.P.J. Abdul Kalam","10","150"],[13,"b) \"The greatest glory in living lies not in never failing, but in rising every time we fail.\" - Nelson Mandela","10","150"],[15,"c) \"Your goodness is an impediment in your way, so let your eyes be red with anger, and try to fight the injustice with a firm hand.\" - Sardar Patel","10","150"],[17,"Q.4) a) What do you understand by the term \"Conflict of Interest\"? How does it manifest in the decision making by public servants? In what ways can it be minimized?","10","150"],[19,"b) \"In post-conflict rehabilitation, the pursuit of justice must be balanced with the need for reconciliation.\" Examine this statement in the context of addressing ethnic violence.","10","150"],[21,"Q.5) a) In the ever-evolving landscape of academic institutions, administrators must not only manage academic issues but also emotional and interpersonal dynamics. In this context, discuss the significance of emotionally intelligent administrators in higher education.","10","150"],[23,"b) \"The recognition of the horrors of nuclear weapons should compel nations to move towards meaningful disarmament. However, geopolitical interests continue to hinder genuine progress in this direction. What are the ethical considerations of nuclear states to pursue global disarmament, and how can the international community balance security concerns with the moral imperative of a nuclear-free world?\"","10","150"],[25,"Q.6) a) \"Probity in governance is an essential and vital requirement for an efficient and effective system of governance and for socio-economic development. Discuss the statement with examples.\"","10","150"],[27,"b) How can responsible and informed social media use be nurtured among children to make the internet a safer space for them?","10","150"],[29,"Q.7) Arushi is a young IPS officer known for her competence, integrity, and relentless dedication to challenging tasks. Recognizing her excellent track record, her superiors have chosen her to handle a sensitive assignment in a tribal-dominated district notorious for illegal bauxite mining. Here, the mafia mines bauxite from mineral-rich lands, transports it by truck, and sells it on the black market. This illegal operation thrives with the support of certain local officials and tribal musclemen who intimidate the local population and bribe select poor tribals to maintain control and silence.\n\nUpon assuming the new role, Arushi quickly grasps the ground realities and identifies the mafia's modus operandi, characterized by a series of devious tactics. Her inquiries reveal that several employees in her office are colluding with the mafia, forming an unholy nexus that enables these illegal operations. Determined to dismantle this network, she initiates strict actions, including raids on trucks transporting illegally mined bauxite. These actions significantly disrupt the mafia's operations, unsettling criminals unaccustomed to such resistance. Some office employees allegedly allied with the mafia inform the criminals of her determination to dismantle their operations, posing a serious threat to their profits. In response, the mafia adopts a counter-offensive strategy. Tribal strongmen and mafia operatives begin issuing direct threats to her, warning of severe consequences if the raids continue. Her family (husband and elderly mother) are stalked and placed under virtual surveillance, causing mental anguish and stress for them all. Matters assume serious propositions when a muscleman appears in her office and threatens that if she does not halt raids, etc., she will suffer the same fate as a predecessor officer who was killed by the mafia a decade earlier.\na) Discuss the ethical issues involved in this case.\nb) Identify and evaluate the different options available to Arushi under the given situation.\nc) Which option would she adopt and why?","20","20"],[34,"Q.8) The Siang Upper Multipurpose Project (SUMP) is proposed on a river in a northeastern state of India, a recognized biodiversity hotspot. Covered in dense forests, this region harbors a rich diversity of flora and fauna, including numerous endemic species. Although sparsely populated, the region's communities have livelihoods and cultural practices deeply intertwined with the natural landscape. Its ecological wealth has been preserved over the years due to its environmental significance and cultural heritage. Additionally, the Upper Siang basin holds immense strategic importance due to its proximity to international borders, offering potential leverage in regional security and resource management.\nThe SUMP aims to harness the river's energy for economic growth, proposing infrastructure that includes an 11,000 MW \"mega dam,\" power stations, and transmission lines that could transform the state into a renewable energy hub. Proponents argue that the project will boost the state's economy through power generation, employment, and enhanced infrastructure while also helping meet the country's clean energy targets.\nHowever, a local NGO has raised concerns about the ecological and social costs of SUMP. The project would require extensive forest clearance which plays a crucial role in carbon sequestration. Additionally, experts warn that construction activities could disturb the region's delicate ecosystems. This may affect verine biodiversity and increase the risk of soil erosion and sedimentation, with potential downstream effects on agriculture and water quality. Another major issue raised is the potential displacement and cultural impact on local communities. This could threaten their subsistence-based livelihoods and disrupt their way of life. Critics also highlight that the project may contradict India's commitments to sustainable development.\nDespite these concerns, supporters of the project argue that SUMP's strategic importance and clean energy potential cannot be ignored. Moreover, they emphasize the project's strategic location, which would strengthen energy security, reduce regional inequalities and contribute to the country's long-term development goals. They argue that amidst rising energy demands, the country cannot afford to forgo such an opportunity, especially given the presence of hydroelectric projects across borders that could shift regional control over water resources.\n(a) What are the ethical issues involved in the above case?\n(b) In your opinion, which should take priority between development and conservation, and why?","20","250"],[35,"(a) उपर्युक्त परिस्थिति में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों का वर्णन कीजिए?\n(b) आपकी राय में विकास और संरक्षण में से किसे प्राथमिकता दी जानी चाहिए और क्यों?","20 अंक","20 अंक"],[39,"Q.9 Inside a busy city administration office, Joint Municipal Commissioner Keerthi, who also serves as the Public Information Officer (PIO) faces a challenging situation. Recently, an RTI application has been received, demanding details about public infrastructure projects initiated during her tenure. Upon reviewing the requested information, Keerthi discovers that certain decisions made regarding these projects were not entirely sound in hindsight. These decisions, although taken in good faith and after due diligence, failed to realize promised outcomes. There were other employees also who were party to this decision. The disclosure of this information could potentially lead to scrutiny and backlash against herself, the employees, and contractors involved. Known for her integrity and commitment to public service, Keerthi finds herself at a crossroads. The RTI Act has served as a critical check against administrative arbitrariness, ensuring transparency and accountability. However, she also observes a troubling trend. RTI applications are often used by vested interests and activists seeking personal gain rather than genuine public interest. Some activists even resort to threats or extortion tactics, undermining the integrity of the RTI process. She fears the requested RTI information could be similarly exploited. Moreover, the employees involved are requesting her to withhold the information. In navigating this situation, Keerthi weighs her options carefully.\n(a) Critically examine the options available to Keerthi in the above situation.\n(b) Which of the above would be the most appropriate for Keerthi and why?","20","250"],[40,"(a) Options available to Keerthie\noption 1 Discuss the contents of the application & explanation as asked in the application.","",""],[44,"Q.10 Littering at popular tourist destinations has become a significant environmental and ethical concern in India. A recent incident highlighted this issue when tourists were observed throwing tissue papers and a cake box on the road after celebrating a birthday. When a local politely requested them to use a nearby dustbin just 5 feet away, the tourists dismissed the appeal, claiming no dustbin was available. The situation escalated when their driver threw a plastic bag into the adjacent valley.\n\nPublic reactions to the incident were divided. Some individuals commended the intervention as an effort to promote civic responsibility, emphasizing the need to protect fragile ecosystems like hill stations. Many argued that tourists must adhere to basic environmental ethics and that public spaces are a shared responsibility. Critics also highlighted the broader implications of such irresponsible behavior on the environment and local livelihoods.\n\nOn the other hand, the tourists involved accused those intervening of interfering in their personal affairs, claiming their privacy was being violated. The argument that the tourists were being publicly shamed through the viral video added another layer to the ethical debate. Many questioned whether posting such incidents online, even for a social cause, was appropriate or necessary.\n\nThe debate continues, with one side emphasizing the collective responsibility to preserve public spaces and the environment, while the other raises concerns about individual privacy and autonomy.\n(a) What are the ethical concerns associated with tourists littering at public destinations?\n(b) How can ethical tourism practices be integrated into policies to address issues like littering at tourist destinations?\n(c) Suggest a course of action that balances environmental responsibility and individual rights. Justify your answer.","20","250"],[49,"Q.11 You are the Operations Manager at a fast-growing technology startup, NexGen Solutions, known for its innovative projects and timely delivery. The startup's environment is fast-paced, with tight deadlines and high expectations from clients and investors. Your current project, creating a cutting-edge AI based application, is critical for securing upcoming funding and partnerships. Your small, capable team includes four software developers and two project coordinators, with an equal number of men and women. Recently, the team has encountered major challenges. Priya, one of the female developers, has requested leave to care for her ailing mother. Meanwhile, another team member, Ayesha, is struggling to manage her workload along with caring for her infant child. As a result, other team members have taken on extra tasks, impacting their work-life balance and causing heightened stress. With the project deadline looming, tensions in the team have become visible. During a crucial project meeting, Karan, a senior developer, voices his frustration, saying, \"Perhaps it's not ideal to have team members who can't fully commit during critical stages.\" Karan's remark triggers an immediate reaction. Neha, a project coordinator, finds his comment offensive and reports it to the Human Resources (HR) Department. She also hints that she might bring the issue to social media, which could harm the startup's image. The HR Department, located at the company's headquarters, investigates and recommends disciplinary action against Karan, emphasizing the importance of a respectful, inclusive workplace. Their recommendation puts you in a difficult situation. The project is already delayed, and losing a senior developer like Karan could jeopardize its timely completion. You are now faced with a complex dilemma. On one hand, it's vital to address the inappropriate comment and ensure a respectful work culture. On the other hand, you must keep the project on track without further demotivating your team.\n(a) Discuss the ethical issues involved in this case.\n(b) As the Operations Manager, how would you deal with the given situation?\n(c) Based on the case study, discuss the challenges faced by women at workplace. How can such challenges be addressed?","20","250"],[54,"Q.12) Prateek Kumar, the Project Manager, is in charge of the construction of a highly anticipated highway that is expected to drive regional development. The project aims to enhance connectivity, boost trade, and create substantial employment opportunities. Given its importance, it has become a focal point for the ruling party, which is actively promoting it as a symbol of progress ahead of the upcoming state elections next year. The timely completion of the highway is crucial, as the Chief Minister is scheduled to inaugurate it upon completion. This has led to added pressure on Prateek and his team to meet the approaching deadline, which is set for next month.\nDuring a routine inspection, Prateek discovers that a particular stretch of the highway has been built with substandard materials. This section fails to meet the required safety and durability standards, posing a serious threat to public safety and lives. If left unresolved, the compromised quality could lead to accidents, undermining both the project's credibility and the government's promises for safe and reliable infrastructure. Concerned, Prateek raises the issue with the contractor, but the contractor downplays the severity, claiming that minor adjustments will fix the problem without causing major delays.\nIn a subsequent team meeting, some senior members suggest that Prateek overlook the quality concerns to ensure the project remains on schedule. They argue that the majority of the highway meets standards and emphasize the severe economic and political consequences of delays. With elections approaching, they stress the importance of the Chief Minister's inauguration as a key political event. They warn that any delay could damage the ruling party's image, harm its electoral prospects, and potentially have repercussions for the team and the organization.\nLater, the contractor privately approaches Prateek with a substantial bribe, urging him to ignore the issue and allow the project to proceed. The contractor justifies his actions by citing financial pressures and the need to complete the project on time. Prateek is an honest and upright officer, but he understands that addressing the problem would delay the project, making it impossible to meet the deadline.\n(a) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the case.\n(b) Under the given conditions, what are the options available to Prateek as the Project Manager? Critically evaluate each of the options.\n(c) What option should Prateek adopt and why?","20","250"]]},{"i":917,"t":"Zinnia","c":"Vision","p":"Essay","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/690b0-1347890_3128_zinnia_arora_rank_06.pdf","q":[[5,"Write two essays, choosing one topic from each of the Sections A and B, in about 1000-1200 words each :\n1. The world must learn to work together, or finally it will not work at all.\n2. Technology, like art, is a soaring exercise of the human imagination.\n3. We've begun to raise daughters more like sons, but few have the courage to raise our sons more like our daughters.\n4. The will of the people cannot make just that which is unjust.\n5. It is the mark of an educated mind to be able to entertain a thought without accepting it.\n6. To be yourself in a world that is constantly trying to make you something else is the greatest accomplishment.\n7. We don't see things as they are, we see them as we are.\n8. A lie can travel half way around the world while the truth is putting on its shoes.","125 x 2 = 250","about 1000-1200 words each"],[6,"1. The world must learn to work together, or finally it will not work at all.","",""],[18,"5. It is the mark of an educated mind to be able to entertain a thought without accepting it.\n6. To be yourself in a world that is constantly trying to make you something else is the greatest accomplishment.\n7. We don't see things as they are, we see them as we are.\n8. A lie can travel half way around the world while the truth is putting on its shoes.","",""]]},{"i":918,"t":"Zinnia Arora","c":"Vision","p":"GS3","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/bd4aa-1347890_2930_zinnia_arora_rank_06.pdf","q":[[6,"1. How is the rapid growth of the food processing industry leading to food safety challenges in India? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[8,"2. Under the Public Distribution System of India, the Fair Price Shop (FPS) transformation is an evolving process. Discuss.","10","Answer in 150"],[10,"3. How are agri-tech startups in India helping farmers in enhancing farm productivity and market access?","10","Answer in 150"],[12,"4. Discuss the role of digitization of land records in the effective implementation of land reforms in India. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[14,"5. To fully exploit its demographic dividend and accelerate economic growth, India needs to adopt a manufacturing-led growth model. Discuss.","10","150"],[16,"6. How can the resilience of Indian coastal communities be strengthened to tackle the growing natural hazards resulting from climate change? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[18,"7. How does the Green Credit Programme extend beyond carbon management to promote a more sustainable environment in India? What are the various concerns about its implementation? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[20,"8. What is the need for NavIC when existing satellite navigation systems are already available? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[22,"9. Cyber-enabled financial crime has emerged as the new frontier of global money laundering. Discuss. How can the government address this issue? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[24,"10. The Indian Army is observing the year 2024 as the 'Year of Technology Absorption'. In light of this, explain why there is a need for technology absorption in the defence sector of India. What challenges can India face in this initiative? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[26,"11. What are the issues faced in the development of trade and industries in the North-Eastern Region (NER) of India? Comment on the measures that have been taken to tackle these issues. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[29,"12. In the era of climate change and growing water scarcity, how can micro-irrigation systems contribute to sustainable agricultural practices in India? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[32,"13. What strategies can be adopted to overcome the issues pertaining to freight transportation in the Indian Railways and increase its share in the domestic freight? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[35,"14. Discuss the factors that have aided India in making impressive strides in the renewable energy sector and establishing itself as a frontrunner in the global renewable energy transition. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[38,"15. How does agricultural runoff containing fertilizers and pesticides contribute to environmental pollution? What measures can be taken to mitigate the impact of agricultural runoff? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[41,"16. The growing influx of tourists in Himalayan states has breached their ecological carrying capacity, leading to significant man-made disasters. What measures can be implemented to prevent such disasters while promoting sustainable tourism? Discuss with relevant examples.","15","250"],[44,"17. How do superconductors fuel innovation in diverse fields of science and technology? Illustrate with examples. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[47,"18. While India has laws covering almost all types of intellectual property rights, numerous enforcement, regulatory and administrative challenges hamper the commercialisation of IPRs in India. Elaborate.","15","Answer in 250"],[50,"19. Keeping in view the challenges in creating integrated theatre commands, examine how the theaterisation of commands can lead to greater integration and rationalisation of manpower and resources among the three services.","15","250"],[53,"20. Treating border villages as first villages not just geographically but also in terms of facilities can be a key strategy for enhancing border security. Discuss. Also, highlight the measures being taken by the government in this regard.","15","Answer in 250"]]},{"i":919,"t":"Zinnia Aurora","c":"Forumias","p":"Essay","y":2025,"r":6,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/ZINNIA-AURORA-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-6-Sample-EGP-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"1. Life is a painting and you are the artist.\n2. The future belongs to the nation with grains and not guns.\n3. Social media is the ultimate equalizer, it gives voice and a platform to anyone willing to engage.\n4. The real problem is not whether machines think, but whether men do.","",""],[17,"When must you seek mentorship?","",""]]},{"i":923,"t":"Zinnia Aurora","c":"Vision","p":"GS1","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/2dd3a-1347890_2928_zinnia_arora_rank_06.pdf","q":[[6,"1. How does tribal art provide valuable insights into the cultural perspectives and values of Indian tribal communities? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[8,"2. Compare and contrast the approach of Mahatma Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru towards the Indian freedom struggle. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[10,"3. What are the key factors that accelerated decolonization post-World War II? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[12,"4. How does human encroachment impact water bodies in urban areas? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[14,"5. How do physical geographical features influence the development and operation of transportation systems? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"6. How are ocean trenches formed? Describe the significant characteristics of these oceanic relief formations. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[18,"7. Identify the reasons behind increasing number of extreme rainfall events throughout India in recent times. Assess their socio-economic impact. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[20,"8. India is expected to have the largest working-age population in the world by 2030 and it cannot afford low participation of women in the workforce anymore. Discuss.","10","150"],[22,"9 Do you agree that there has been a progressive secularization of caste in India? Support your view with relevant examples. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[24,"10. Why is inequality increasing in India despite the fall in overall poverty? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[26,"11. How did the competitive and hostile dynamic between Brahminism and Buddhism over funding, followers, and ideology mark the decline of Buddhism? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[29,"12. European travellers' accounts in the medieval period have played an important role in shaping our understanding of the empires and people of that period in India. Comment. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[32,"13. The British victory in the Battle of Plassey in 1757 not just changed the course of Indian history but also that of the world. Discuss.","15","250"],[35,"14. Why was it more difficult to rehabilitate refugees in West Bengal as compared to Punjab after partition? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[38,"15. Discuss the economic and social costs associated with the transition from coal to green energy in India. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[41,"16. Explain the process of formation of volcanic calderas. How do they contribute to the scenic beauty of the region? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[44,"17. What are the reasons behind the increased frequency and intensity of heat waves globally? How will it impact global food security? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[47,"18. Identifying the characteristics of the grassland biome, mention the threats posed to Banni grasslands in India. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[50,"19. India's approach to secularism does not merely challenge inter-religious domination but intra-religious domination as well. Discuss.","15","250"],[53,"20. Do you agree with the view that Indian cities are turning into landscapes of stark inequality and social exclusion? What steps can be taken to make urban areas more egalitarian in India? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"]]},{"i":920,"t":"Zinnia Aurora","c":"Forumias","p":"GS2","y":2025,"r":6,"u":"https://forumias.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2026/03/ZINNIA-AURORA-UPSC-IAS-2025-Toppers-AIR-6-Sample-MGP-Copy-1.pdf","q":[[3,"Q.1) Explain how the terms 'socialist' and 'secular' in the Preamble embody specific meanings in the Indian context.","10","150"],[5,"Q.2) Article 21 of the Indian Constitution broadly interprets the right to life and liberty. Elucidate with the help of relevant case laws.","10","150"],[7,"Q.3 To what extent have farmer associations been successful in influencing public policies and governance in the country?","10","150"],[9,"Q.4) The role of State Finance Commissions in building regional equity and strengthening the federal link has largely been underutilized. Discuss.","10","150"],[11,"Q.5) The contributions of the \"founding mothers\" of the Indian Republic are often under-acknowledged, yet they are crucial to understanding the evolution of gender-sensitive constitutional jurisprudence. Elaborate.","10","150"],[13,"Q.6) What do you understand by delimitation? Underlining the significance of delimitation exercise, throw light on the associated challenges.","10","150"],[15,"Q.7) The Presidents of India and USA differ not just the manner in which they are elected but also with respect to their powers. Elucidate.","10","150"],[17,"Q.8) The office of the Speaker is not only a referee, but also an active player in the politics of government formation and survival, leading to controversies and criticisms. In this context, examine the need to bring reforms in the office of the speaker.","10","150"],[19,"Q.9 'Central Vigilance Commission (CVC) is an independent body responsible only to the Parliament.' What are the provisions that ensure independence of CVC? Also, discuss the issues that limit its effectiveness in tackling corruption in the country's public administration.","10","150"],[21,"Q.10 \"The creation of All India Judicial Services (AIJS) shall enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of the Indian judiciary\". Comment.","10","150"],[23,"Q.11) Although upholding the spirit of the Constitution through judicial activism is noble in its intent, in practice it runs the risk of undermining the delicate balance of power that the Constitution sought to achieve. Critically examine.","15","250"],[26,"Q.12 Governor is neither a saboteur nor a sage; he is a constitutional functionary who needs to be solely loyal to the Constitution. Critically examine the statement in the light of recent events.","15","250"],[29,"Q.13 Throw light on the various mechanisms for the settlement of disputes related to the equitable sharing of river water among states. Also, evaluate the effectiveness of these mechanisms in the resolution of inter-state river water disputes in the country.","15","250"],[32,"Q.14 How does the inability of local bodies to generate their own funds affect their ability to function effectively? Suggest necessary measures to empower local governments in generating independent revenue streams.","15","250"],[35,"Q.15 Critically examine the functioning of National Human Rights Commission of India (NHRC) as an apex institution entrusted with the protection of human rights in the country.","15","250"],[38,"Q.16) \"Right to vote is fundamental to democracy, and depriving undertrial prisoners of this right while allowing contesting elections reflects a flawed legal framework.\" Comment.","15","250"],[41,"Q.17) Examine the scope of partnership between the State and Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) towards improving public service delivery to benefit the common citizen.","15","250"]]},{"i":924,"t":"Zinnia Aurora","c":"Vision","p":"GS2","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/81577-1347890_4511_zinnia_arora_rank_06.pdf","q":[[6,"1. How does the Supreme Court's recent decision on Aligarh Muslim University's minority status affect the interpretation of Article 30 of the Indian Constitution? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[8,"2. The Supreme Court, in a recent verdict, prescribed a time period for the Governor's assent to state legislative bills. What are the implications of this judgment for cooperative federalism and legislative accountability in India? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[10,"3. Discuss the recent changes and initiatives related to cooperatives that aim to smoothen the tussle between the Centre and States in the cooperative sector. (Answer in 150 words).","10","150"],[12,"4. In recent years, use of social media and digital mobilisation by civil society has emerged as a powerful form of pressure politics. Examine its impact on policymaking and democratic accountability. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[14,"5. How is Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) emerging as a business-led solution for addressing development challenges in India? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"6. Discuss how mechanisms like public consultations and Jan Sunwais in India impact governance outcomes. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[18,"7. How effective have the National Action Plan for Drug Demand Reduction (NAPDDR) and Nasha Mukt Bharat Abhiyaan been in addressing substance abuse in India? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[20,"8. Rote learning and neglect of creativity in foundational education setup in India make it less ready for marketplaces that are now driven by Artificial Intelligence. Do you agree with this view? Substantiate your argument.","10","150"],[22,"9. Analyze the transformation of the G7 from a symbol of Western strategic unity to a forum marked by internal contradictions. How should India navigate this changing dynamic to advance its strategic interests? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[24,"10. Discuss the role of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in the development of developing countries. What are the key criticisms associated with its approach? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[26,"11. The 103rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 2019 has introduced a new dimension to the principle of affirmative action in India. Critically examine its implications for the broader goal of social justice. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[29,"12. The District Planning Committee (DPC) was envisioned as a key instrument to strengthen grassroots-level planning. How far has it succeeded in achieving this goal? Discuss the challenges faced by DPCs and suggest measures to make them more effective. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[32,"13. The restrictions imposed under Article 293 of the Constitution on State borrowing powers, though constitutionally valid, may hinder fiscal autonomy of States and disrupt cooperative federalism. Discuss in the light of recent developments. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[35,"14. Examine the tension between the right to contest elections and the need to uphold electoral ethics under the Representation of the People Act. Should there be a lifetime ban on convicted criminals? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[38,"15. To what extent has the Beti Bachao Beti Padhao (BBBP) scheme, launched in 2015, succeeded in addressing the declining child sex ratio and empowering the girl child? Suggest measures to enhance its impact at the grassroots level.","15","Answer in 250"],[41,"16. Self-Help Groups (SHGs) are emerging as vehicles of socio-economic transformation in rural India. Examine the role of government in scaling their reach and effectiveness. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[44,"17. Despite economic growth, multidimensional poverty continues to persist in India. Analyse the underlying causes and discuss the measures taken by the government to address them. (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[47,"18. India faces a paradox of food surplus and nutritional deficit. Analyse the structural reasons behind this paradox and suggest reform strategies.","15","Answer in 250"],[50,"19. India's timely response during the economic crises in Sri Lanka and the Maldives reflects its \"Neighbourhood First\" policy in action. Examine how Indian aid has impacted bilateral ties with these nations. What steps can further be taken to promote sustainable economic cooperation in the Indian Ocean region? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"],[53,"20. Discuss the geostrategic significance of Afghanistan for India in the context of continental connectivity and access to Central Asia. How has the altered political landscape post-2021 affected India's connectivity and energy corridor ambitions? (Answer in 250 words)","15","250"]]},{"i":921,"t":"Zinnia Aurora","c":"Visionias","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/85704-1347890_2931_zinnia_arora_rank_06.pdf","q":[[6,"1. (a) The end cannot justify the means, for the simple and obvious reason that the means employed determine the nature of the ends produced. Discuss with suitable examples. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[8,"1. (b) Discuss how the relationship between law and ethics is dynamic and continuously shaped by societal changes. Provide examples to illustrate this dynamic relationship. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[10,"2. (a) Differentiate between probity and integrity with suitable examples. How do these values contribute to ethical governance and decision-making in the civil services? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[12,"2. (b) Discuss the ethical implications of withholding information in public administration. How can transparency enhance accountability and reduce corruption in government institutions? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[14,"3. (a) What do each of the following quotations mean to you?\n(a) \"There is no school equal to a decent home and no teacher equal to a virtuous parent\" - Mahatma Gandhi (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"3. (b) \"Everyone thinks of changing the world, but no one thinks of changing himself.\" - Leo Tolstoy (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[18,"3. (c) \"To see what is right and not do it is a lack of courage.\" – Confucius (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[19,"How to be courageous?","",""],[20,"4. (a) What factors lead to a positive attitude in a person? How does positive attitude enhance the effectiveness of civil servants in performing their duties? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[22,"4. (b) Discuss how emotional intelligence can influence ethical decision-making in the allocation of scarce public resources.","10","150"],[24,"5. (a) Various international humanitarian organizations provide emergency aid in conflict zones around the world. Highlight the ethical challenges faced by such organizations. What are the principles that guide international humanitarian work? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[25,"5) Imperative of human as end or as means?","",""],[26,"5. (b) Why is persuasion regarded as an important skill for civil servants? What are the key considerations that should guide persuasion in governance? (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[28,"6. (a) What role can ethical leadership play in curbing corruption, especially in public service?","10","150"],[30,"6. (b) What were the major teachings of Swami Dayanand Saraswati? Explain their relevance in addressing the current ethical and social challenges in India.","10","150"],[33,"(a) Discuss the ethical dilemma Karan faces in deciding whether to report the incident against Mariyam's wishes.\n(b) Evaluate the options available to Karan. Which of these options should he choose and why?\n(c) What responsibilities do organizations like XYZ Corp have in preventing and addressing sexual harassment and creating inclusive workplace environments? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[38,"8 (a) शिक्षा विभाग के आयुक्त के रूप में जय के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं? इनमें से प्रत्येक विकल्प का मूल्यांकन कीजिए।\n(b) जय को कौन-सा विकल्प अपनाना चाहिए और क्यों?\n(c) जय जैसे सिविल सेवकों को अपने दायित्वों के निर्वहन में नैतिक मानकों को बनाए रखने के प्रयास के दौरान बेहतर सुरक्षा कैसे प्रदान की जा सकती है? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)\na) शिक्षा विभाग के आयुक्त के रूप में जय के पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं? इनमें से प्रत्येक विकल्प का मूल्यांकन कीजिए।\nb) जय को कौन-सा विकल्प अपनाना चाहिए और क्यों?\nc) जय जैसे सिविल सेवकों को अपने दायित्वों के निर्वहन में नैतिक मानकों को बनाए रखने के प्रयास के दौरान बेहतर सुरक्षा कैसे प्रदान की जा सकती है? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250 शब्दों में"],[39,"(a) What are the options available to Jay as the Commissioner of the Education Department? Evaluate each of these options.\n(b) What option should Jay adopt and why?\n(c) How can civil servants like Jay be better protected when they attempt to uphold ethical standards in their work? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[43,"9. As the District Magistrate of X city, you are responsible for overseeing the construction of a new metro depot in an urban forest area, which is a critical infrastructure project aimed at improving public transportation and reducing traffic congestion and air pollution. The project, however, requires the clearance of a substantial portion of the forest, which has triggered strong opposition from environmental activists, local residents, and NGOs. This forest is widely regarded as essential for the city's ecological balance, often referred to as the city's \"lungs.\" In addition to the environmental concerns, you are under considerable pressure from politicians at the state-level to expedite the project, given the upcoming elections in two years. The political leadership emphasizes the benefits of the metro project for the city's development and its potential to garner electoral support. The project is expected to significantly reduce travel time for thousands of commuters and potentially decrease overall vehicle emissions in the city. However, it would also lead to the loss of thousands of trees and disrupt local ecosystems. As you prepare to make a decision, you are aware that your choice will have far-reaching consequences for both the city's development and its environment.\n(a) Identify the ethical dilemmas involved in the above case.\n(b) Evaluate the options available to you in the above situation. Which of these would you choose and why?\n(c) Suggest some measures that could be implemented to balance urban development needs with environmental conservation in future projects. (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[48,"10 Dr. Mehra is a senior drug developer at a leading pharmaceutical company in India, renowned for producing various medications, including lifesaving drugs critical for treating chronic and rare diseases. Since its inception, the company has emphasized the quality and affordability of its drugs.\n\nRecently, under revised government guidelines, pharmaceutical companies are required to market a finished product only after obtaining \"satisfactory results\" from tests on the ingredients. Additionally, they must retain a sufficient quantity of samples of both intermediate and final products to allow repeated testing or verification of a batch.\n\nDr. Mehra's team is in the final stages of developing a new medication for a rare but life-threatening disease. This drug has shown promising results in clinical trials. However, there have been unresolved concerns about the long-term side effects of the drug, observed in a small percentage of trial subjects. Despite this, the company has not released any major drug in the past decade, leading to significant pressure from the board members to expedite the drug's release.\n(a) Identify the stakeholders in the above case study.\n(b) Discuss the ethical issues faced by Dr. Mehra.\n(c) Analyse the options available to Dr. Mehra in the above case. Which of these would you choose and why? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[53,"11. You have been appointed as the Under Secretary in the State Urban Development Department. The Department has been tasked with a prestigious project aimed at revitalizing the infrastructure of a city with deep historical significance. This project, which you are extremely passionate about, involves modernizing public transportation, restoring heritage buildings, and creating green spaces while preserving the city's cultural essence.\n\nExcited by the opportunity, you spent weeks researching and drafting a comprehensive proposal. Your plan included innovative ideas for sustainable development, community engagement, and leveraging technology for urban planning. You presented these initial plans in a departmental meeting, hoping to inspire your colleagues and kickstart the project.\n\nHowever, your enthusiasm was met with indifference. Your colleagues showed little interest, failing to contribute ideas or efforts towards the project. Concerned, you reported this lack of enthusiasm to your immediate superior, who is also the authority for this project. To your dismay,\n(a) इस प्रकरण में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\n(b) उपयुक्त कार्य संस्कृति कार्यस्थल पर मनोबल और उत्पादकता को किस प्रकार प्रभावित करती है?\n(c) आपके पास क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं और आप इस स्थिति का समाधान किस प्रकार करेंगे? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250"],[54,"(a) Discuss the ethical issues involved in this case.\n(b) How does the above-mentioned work culture affect workplace morale and productivity?\n(c) What are the options available to you and how would you address the situation? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[58,"12 (a) उपयुक्त प्रकरण के आलोक में, कॉर्पोरेट, राजनीतिक और नौकरशाही के हितों के बीच गठजोड़ से उत्पन्न होने वाले नैतिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\n(b) एक कर्तव्यनिष्ठ सिविल सेवक के रूप में, अरुण के पास उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन कीजिए। उसे कौन-सा विकल्प चुनना चाहिए और क्यों? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)\na) उपयुक्त प्रकरण के आलोक में, कॉर्पोरेट, राजनीतिक और नौकरशाही के हितों के बीच गठजोड़ से उत्पन्न होने वाले नैतिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\nb) एक कर्तव्यनिष्ठ सिविल सेवक के रूप में, अरुण के पास उपलब्ध विकल्पों का मूल्यांकन कीजिए। उसे कौन-सा विकल्प चुनना चाहिए और क्यों? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250 शब्दों में"],[59,"(a) In light of the above case, discuss the ethical issues that may arise from the nexus between corporate, political, and bureaucratic interests.\n(b) As a conscientious civil servant, evaluate the options available to Arun. Which option should he choose and why? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"]]},{"i":922,"t":"Zinnia Aurora","c":"Vision","p":"GS4","y":null,"r":null,"u":"https://cdn.visionias.in/toppersanswerbooklet/dd048-1347890_4513_zinnia_arora_rank_06.pdf","q":[[6,"1. (a) Compassion is the courageous choice to feel another's suffering as one's own, and to act upon it, even when silence is safer and indifference is easier. Examine the significance of compassion as an essential ethical value for civil servants in India. Illustrate your answer with suitable examples.","10","150"],[8,"1. (b) Marriages in India are transitioning from traditional sacramental unions to more autonomous relationships, reflected in live-in relationships and rising divorce rates. Discuss the ethical dimensions of these changes.","10","150"],[10,"2. (a) While accountability often necessitates documentation, an overemphasis on bureaucratic procedures and excessive paperwork can inadvertently silence the very voices that public policy intends to empower, particularly at the grassroots. Examine the above statement with suitable illustrations.","10","150"],[12,"2. (b) The principle of impartiality may conflict with the need for compassion towards marginalized communities. Discuss in the context of civil services in India.","10","150"],[14,"3 (a) What do each of the following quotations mean to you?\n(a) \"The strength of a nation derives from the integrity of the home.\" - Confucius (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[16,"3. (b) \"Act only according to that maxim through which you can at the same time will that it become a universal law.\" - Immanuel Kant (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[18,"3. (c) \"We are not only responsible for what we do, but also for what we fail to do\" - Molière. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[20,"4. (a) Patriotism encourages ethical questioning, while nationalism often suppresses it. Discuss this statement in light of the formation of political attitudes during high-pressure national events. How can individuals develop moral attitudes that balance national interest with ethical reasoning?","10","150"],[22,"4. (b) Discuss how employee well-being and fairness can be balanced with efficiency and profitability in private organisations. (Answer in 150 words)","10","150"],[24,"5. (a) Do you agree that excessive use of social media and emerging AI technologies may lead to a decline in emotional regulation and moral sensitivity among adolescents? Justify your answer.","10","150"],[26,"5. (b) In light of the increasing incidents of suicides among students in India, discuss how Emotional Intelligence (EI) can aid in managing stress and emotional challenges.","10","150"],[28,"6. (a) In public service, emotional intelligence is not about suppressing emotion, but mastering its purpose — to connect, to de-escalate, and to uplift others with empathy and strength. Do you agree with this view? Discuss.","10","150"],[30,"6. (b) An efficient work culture is built not only on rules, but on shared values. In this context, evaluate the role of leadership and team dynamics in transforming work culture within an organization.","10","150"],[32,"7 You are posted as the Joint Secretary in the Department of Information Technology of a state. The government recently implemented several citizen-centric digital services, collecting large volumes of personal data from residents. The Digital Personal Data Protection (DPDP) Act, 2023, requires that such data be processed only with explicit and informed consent, and mandates that processing must cease immediately upon withdrawal of consent.\n\nDuring an internal audit, you discover that the department continues to process and analyze personal data of several citizens even after they have formally withdrawn their consent. This data is being used for policy analytics and service improvement, purposes not explicitly disclosed at the time of data collection. When you bring this to the attention of your department head, you are informed that halting the processing will disrupt ongoing digital initiatives and may affect state-level performance metrics. Moreover, you find that the consent withdrawal process is cumbersome, and many citizens are unaware of their rights under the DPDP Act.\n\nYou also learn that a prominent social activist is planning to file a complaint with the Data Protection Board against involuntary use of personal data, which could attract public scrutiny and legal action against the department.\n(a) Identify and discuss the ethical issues involved in this case.\n(b) What are the potential consequences for the department if the issue is not addressed transparently?\n(c) How would you balance the need for efficient public service delivery with the obligation to protect citizens’ data rights? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[37,"8 You are an IAS officer, currently serving as the Secretary of the Public Works Department in a hill state. Recently, a disturbing incident has come to light involving a senior Cabinet Minister and two engineers of the National Highways Authority of India (NHAI). During an inspection of a critical highway project, the Minister was allegedly seen on video physically assaulting and verbally abusing the engineers in full public view. The video, recorded by bystanders, went viral on social media and was widely covered by television channels, sparking both outrage and support from different sections of society. The Minister later defended his actions, alleging that the officials were corrupt, unresponsive to local grievances, and responsible for inordinate delays in the project. He insisted that his actions were driven by public frustration and the urgency of delivering infrastructure to a remote region.\n\nHowever, the engineers have filed a police complaint and written to their superiors, claiming they were targeted for resisting political pressure to award contracts to specific local contractors linked to the Minister. As the situation escalated, a union of NHAI engineers declared a strike,\n(a) इस प्रकरण में शामिल प्रमुख नैतिक मुद्दे क्या हैं? हितधारकों और उनके परस्पर विरोधी हितों की पहचान कीजिए।\n(b) लोक निर्माण विभाग के सचिव के रूप में, आप उपयुक्त स्थिति में क्या कार्रवाई करेंगे?\n(c) ऐसी घटनाएं सिविल सेवकों के मनोबल और शासन में जनता के विश्वास को कैसे प्रभावित करती हैं? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250"],[38,"(a) What are the key ethical issues involved in this situation? Identify the stakeholders and their conflicting interests.\n(b) As the Secretary of the PWD, what actions will you take in above situation?\n(c) How do such incidents affect the morale of civil servants and public trust in governance? (Answer in 250 words)\na) What are the key ethical issues involved in this situation? Identify the stakeholders and their conflicting interests.\nb) As the Secretary of the PWD, what actions will you take in above situation?\nc) How do such incidents affect the morale of civil servants and public trust in governance?","20","250"],[42,"9 You are the Secretary in the Department of Personnel and Training (DoPT), Government of India. In recent years, an increasing number of civil servants, particularly younger officers from the IAS, IPS, and IRS, have begun maintaining personal YouTube channels and social media pages. On these platforms, they regularly post videos related to their official work — showcasing innovative projects, public outreach initiatives, inspection drives, and sometimes even day-to-day administrative duties.\n\nThese videos often receive widespread public attention, and many viewers express admiration, saying such content enhances transparency, motivates aspirants, and humanizes the bureaucracy. However, concerns have also emerged from various quarters. Senior officers argue that such content may blur the boundaries between personal branding and public service, while some citizens and media commentators point to instances where videos feature vulnerable beneficiaries without consent, raise concerns about misuse of official premises, or seem designed more for personal popularity than public accountability.\n(a) लोक सेवकों द्वारा अपने आधिकारिक कार्यों को सोशल मीडिया पर सार्वजनिक रूप से प्रदर्शित करने के कृत्यों में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों की पहचान कीजिए।\n(b) क्या ऐसी प्रस्तुतियां जागरूकता और प्रेरणा को प्रोत्साहित देती हैं या क्या ये अनामिता, तटस्थता और सामूहिक सेवा भावना के मूल्यों से समझौता करती हैं? अपना मत दीजिए।\n(c) सचिव के रूप में, लोक सेवकों की उत्तरदायित्व डिजिटल सहभागिता सुनिश्चित करने के लिए आप कौन-से मार्गदर्शक सिद्धांत और नीतिगत अनुशंसाएं सुझाएंगे? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250"],[43,"In one case, a district magistrate was seen filming a surprise school inspection in which teachers were scolded on camera — the video was later posted to his personal YouTube channel that is also monetized. While some praised the officer's strictness, others criticized the public shaming of teachers and the breach of service dignity. In another case, a police officer was seen directing a flood rescue operation while his staff filmed drone footage, later edited into a motivational video for social media. You have been asked to prepare a report with recommendations to balance public interest, institutional integrity, and evolving modes of communication.\n(a) Identify the ethical issues involved in civil servants publicly showcasing their official work on social media.\n(b) Do such practices promote awareness and motivation, or do they compromise the values of anonymity, neutrality, and collective service ethos? Give your opinion.\n(c) As the Secretary, what guiding principles and policy recommendations would you suggest to ensure responsible digital engagement by civil servants? (Answer in 250 words)","20","250"],[47,"10 You are the Director of the National Bioethics Commission who is responsible for assessing the ethical feasibility and oversight of a nationwide gene sequencing program. The project named GeneFuture, aims to sequence the DNA of every newborn child and store it in a centralized national database. The objective is to identify genetic predispositions to serious diseases early in life, allowing for preventive treatment and personalized medicine. Over 100,000 babies have already been enrolled in the pilot phase of the program. The government claims that this move is a landmark step in public health advancement.\n\nHowever, collection of newborn genetic data raises significant ethical concerns, particularly around informed consent, which may not fully capture parents' understanding of the long-term risks involved. Once gathered, this sensitive data could be misused for purposes such as surveillance, insurance discrimination, or commercial marketing by third parties. Uncertainty over data ownership—whether it lies with the state, parents, or the individual as they mature—further complicates the issue. The involvement of private tech and pharmaceutical companies heightens fears of commercial exploitation, especially in the absence of clear mechanisms for individuals to withdraw consent or delete their genetic information upon reaching adulthood.\n(a) What are the ethical issues you perceive in the implementation of the GeneFuture program?\n(b) Identify the conflicting interests of different stakeholders in this case.\n(c) What guiding ethical principles would you recommend for implementation of this project? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"],[52,"11. You are a dedicated District Health Officer (DHO) with a strong commitment to evidence-based public health practices, recently assigned to a remote district in India. Your immediate and most critical task is to lead a crucial district-wide Measles-Rubella (MR) vaccination drive, aimed at achieving 100% immunization coverage among children aged 9 months to 15 years. The success of this drive is vital for the collective health of thousands of children and for the district's overall health indicators, especially with the impending monsoon season posing additional health challenges.\n\nHowever, in one of the largest and most traditional villages in your district, you encounter formidable resistance. The villagers, deeply influenced by the pronouncements of a revered local\n(a) उपयुक्त प्रकरण में शामिल नैतिक मुद्दों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\n(b) इस विरोध को शांत करने के लिए आपके पास तत्काल क्या विकल्प उपलब्ध हैं?\n(c) अंधविश्वास के व्यापक प्रभाव को दूर करने और संधारणीय लोक स्वास्थ्य परिणामों हेतु वैज्ञानिक सोच को बढ़ावा देने के लिए आप कौन-सी दीर्घकालिक रणनीतियाँ और प्रणालीगत सुधारों का सुझाव देंगे? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250"],[53,"(a) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the above case.\n(b) What are the immediate options available to you to overcome this resistance?\n(c) What long-term strategies and systemic reforms would you suggest to address the pervasive influence of superstition and foster a scientific temperament for sustainable public health outcomes? (Answer in 250 words)\na) Discuss the ethical issues involved in the above case.\nb) What are the immediate options available to you to overcome this resistance?\nc) What long-term strategies and systemic reforms would you suggest to address the pervasive influence of superstition and foster a scientific temperament for sustainable public health outcomes?","20","250"],[57,"12 You are a highly motivated and principle-driven Gram Panchayat Secretary, recently posted in a large and socio-economically diverse village in a remote district. Your immediate and most critical task is the meticulous verification of beneficiaries for the 'Gramin Awas Yojana' – a flagship state housing scheme aimed at providing 'pucca' (brick) houses to the genuinely impoverished and landless households. The scheme is under tight deadlines, with funds...\n(a) आपके समक्ष विद्यमान संभावित प्रशासनिक और नैतिक दुश्वारियां क्या हैं?\n(b) आपके लिए उपलब्ध सभी विकल्पों पर चर्चा कीजिए।\n(c) आप अपने निर्णय का नैतिक औचित्य सिद्ध करते हुए कौन-सी व्यापक कार्यवाही करेंगे? (250 शब्दों में उत्तर दीजिए)","","250"],[58,"(a) What are the potential administrative and ethical dilemmas you face?\n(b) Discuss all options available to you.\n(c) What comprehensive course of action would you choose to adopt, providing ethical justification for your decision? (Answer in 250 words)","","250"]]}]}